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The new home of
First Floor: The property is all on the first floor, has gas central heating and comprises:Open plan living space.Lounge area: Large with feature fireplace, Freeview TV and double sash windows.Dining area.Kitchen area: With induction hob, microwave oven, fridge with ice box and dishwasher.Bedroom 1: With king size bed and en-suite with shower, WC and heated towel rail.
All gas, electric, bed linen and towels included. Shared washer/dryer. Wi-Fi. Parking (1 car, permit provided). No smoking.
Ground Floor: Property has electric heating and comprises: Open plan Lounge/Kitchen/Diner Lounge: With 32" LCD TV with Sky, DVD and CD radio. Kitchen Area: With electric oven and gas hob, fridge, washer/dryer, dishwasher and microwave. Access to a freezer. Bedroom 1; With super king size bed which can be split into two singles (please request when booking) and en-suite with shower over bath, WC and wash basin.
All fuel, bed linen and towels included. Two dogs welcome. Separate kennelling available for more dogs. Wi-Fi available.Outside: Seating area with table and chairs. Ample parking for cars and boats. Visit Britain gold awarded property.
Cottage and apartments in a country house
Located in beautiful landscaped groundsPerfect touring baseWonderful views over countryside and the seaWithin easy reach of the coast
Just 20 minutes from Windermere, these holiday properties are set in lovely countryside and ten acres of landscaped grounds, facing south, with wonderful long distance views to the sea, and to the hills beyond. This large country house is set on a wooded knoll and has been skilfully converted into six spacious holiday houses, which are owned by the Caravan Club Ltd and situated on the edge of one of their immaculately kept small touring caravan parks. The house consists of a two storey cottage wing (W42981), a first floor apartment (W42982), a ground floor garden apartment (W42983), two ground floor apartments (W42984 and W42986) and a first floor balcony apartment (W42985).There's a lot to see and do in the immediate area. Close by is beautiful Cartmel Priory and the stately homes at Holker Hall, Sizergh Castle and Levens Hall. 3 miles west along the coast is the refined small seaside town of Grange-over-Sands with lots of shops, golf and fishing. The properties make an excellent touring base for the whole of the southern Lake District. Shop 3 miles, pub with food 400 yards.
All on ground floor: Living room. Dining room/kitchen. 1 double bedroom with patio door. Bathroom with bath, walk-in shower and toilet.
Gas central heating, electricity and bed linen included. Cot. High chair. DVD. Electric cooker. Microwave. Washer/dryer. Freezer. Enclosed communal garden with furniture. 10-acre grounds. Ample parking. No smoking.
A delightful cosy cottage, part of the owners' former farmhouse in the beautiful Rusland Valley. Set between Lake Windermere and Coniston Water, the southern Lakes are on your doorstep. Nearby attractions include Aquarium of the Lakes, steamer trips on Windermere to Bowness and Ambleside, South Lakes Wild Animal Park, Beatrix Potter farmhouse and historic buildings such as Holker Hall and Cartmel Priory. With Hawkshead just 5 miles away, the choices for a day out are endless. The nearby attractions of Grizedale include lovely walks, cafe and cycling. Shops 5 miles, pub 2 miles, restaurant 3 miles.
Ground floor: 2 steps down to living/dining room/kitchen with beams and tiled floor. 1 double bedroom. Bathroom with toilet.
Oil central heating, electricity, bed linen and towels included. Video and small library. DVD and small library. Electric cooker. Microwave. Large, shared enclosed garden and furniture. Natural water supply from spring. Parking (1 car). No smoking. NB: There is a stream in the garden.
Ground Floor: With gas central heating, the accommodation comprises of an open plan design with steps between the various levels. Lounge and Dining area: With TV, video, CD/radio, arched window overlooking the lake and lowered doorway to balcony overhanging the lake.Kitchen area: With electric oven, ceramic hob, fridge, dishwasher and microwave. Bedroom: Mezzanine room with double bed, shower room with shower cubicle.Cloakroom: with WC and hand basin.
All fuel, bed linen and towels provided.Garden, jetty and deep water mooring for your own boat. Fishing on the lake. Private parking for 2 cars. NB: Due to the close proximity to the water the property is not suitable for babies or any children under 13. The stairs to the mezzanine are open to one side and the 3 external steps to the property are witout a handrail.
Second Floor: Property has gas central heating and comprises: Entrance hall leading to: Lounge: With TV, DVD and CD Hi-Fi. Kitchen: With washer/dryer, fridge/freezer, electric oven and hob, microwave and dishwasher. Bedroom: With four poster bed. Bathroom: With shower over bath, wash basin and WC.
All electric and bed linen included. No cot available. Free Wi-Fi access is available.Private parking for 1 car. Due to the large number of internal stairs to access the apartment, we do not consider it suitable for the infirm or for those with babies.
Ground Floor: Property has gas central heating and comprises: Lounge/Diner: With Freesat TV, DVD and CD/radio. Kitchen: With electric oven and hob, dishwasher, microwave, washer dryer, fridge and freezer. Bedroom 1: With double bed. Bathroom: With shower over bath, WC and wash basin.
All fuel and bed linen included. Cot available.Outside: Courtyard with bench seat and large communal grounds. Parking for 1 car.
This traditional 18th century mid terraced holiday cottage is situated on the edge of the bustling Georgian market town of Cockermouth. Modernised but retaining cottage charm, the cosy accommodation is just a 5 minute walk from interesting shops, galleries, restaurants and visitor attractions. Cockermouth is close to the north west border of the Lake District National Park, making an ideal base for exploring the spectacular lakeland scenery. Keswick, 12 miles, Buttermere, 10 miles, and Whinlatter Forest and Bassenthwaite Lake, 3 miles, all an easy, scenic drive. Shops, pubs and restaurant 500 yards.
Ground floor: Living/dining room. Kitchen. First floor: 1 double bedroom. Bathroom with corner spa bath, shower cubicle and toilet.
Gas central heating, gas, electricity, bed linen and towels included. 32" Freeview TV. Stereo/CD. Gas cooker. Microwave. Washing machine. Dishwasher. Freezer. Enclosed garden with chiminea, patio and furniture. Barbecue. Parking (1 car). Cycle store. No smoking.
Ground Floor: The spacious accommodation is heated by electric wall mounted radiators and comprises: Lounge/Dining: Beamed lounge and feature oak fireplace and electric 'stove' effect fire, large modern flat screen TV with integrated Freeview, DVD and deep cushioned leather chesterfield furniture. Dining/kitchen: With electric cooker, fridge, freezer, microwave and washer/dryer. Useful Second Cloakroom: Reached by a small flight of stone stairs from the kitchen. Bedroom 1: Beamed double bedroom. Bathroom: With shower over bath, hand basin and WC.
All electric and bed linen included. Wi-Fi available.Outside: Parking by way of permit on nearby car park.
Ground Floor: Aaron's Place has gas central heating and briefly comprises: Entrance in to tiled hallway leading to...Bathroom: With corner bath with shower attachment, hand basin and WC. Open plan living accommodation...Lounge area: With leather seating, Sky TV and DVD. Kitchen area: With electric oven, gas hob, dishwasher, microwave, breakfast bar and fridge with small freezer box. Utility room: With washer/dryer. Bedroom: With double bed, solid wood furnishings and wall mounted TV.
All gas, electric and bed linen included. Cot available. Wi-Fi access available.Private off road parking for one car.
Ground Floor: The property has full underfloor oil fired central heating and comprises:Open plan living space.Living room area: with wooden floors, Freeview TV (variable reception) and patio doors to the garden.Kitchen area: with gas cooker and hob, fridge with ice box and microwave. (Freezer and tumble dryer located in the shared stables outside.)Bedroom 1: with double bed.Bathroom: with shower cubicle and WC.
All oil, electric, bed linen and towels included. Stables with tumble dryer, freezer and storage space. Wi-Fi.Large lawned garden with patio. Fishing lake two minutes walk from the property with one days free mixed coarse fishing included in your stay (bring your own tackle). Extra days can be arranged at a cost of £5/day. Stables are available for guests horses at £8/day. Private parking for one car. This property is located on a beef and sheep farm. There is also a fishery onsite.
Situated in the heart of the Lake District National Park, these two attractive holiday properties are set in Beatrix Potter country with several good restaurants nearby. The beautiful, single-storey holiday apartment (ref W43295) is furnished to a high standard with French doors leading to a pretty private garden with wonderful views. Adjoining the owners' home, it benefits from a private entrance. The appealing, single-storey, detached cottage (ref W8661) has a welcoming woodburner and large French windows enabling guests to enjoy the lovely views across the surrounding countryside. The properties are located just 3½ miles from Windermere across the lake ferry, a centre for watersports and climbing enthusiasts. For the less adventurous visitor, Windermere offers a multitude of charming shops, pubs and restaurants. Just over 2 miles from Hawkshead, Tarn Hows 3 miles, Grizedale Forest 3½ miles. Shop, pub and restaurant 100 yards.
All on ground floor: Living room with French doors/dining room/kitchen. 1 double (5ft) bedroom. Bathroom with shower over bath and toilet.
Woodburner in living room (initial fuel included). Enclosed lawned garden and furniture. Parking (1 car).
Both properties: Gas central heating included (£20 per week, £15 per short break November-March). Electricity, bed linen and towels included. Freeview TV. DVD and small library. iPod dock. Electric cooker. Microwave. Washer/dryer. Electric car charger. No smoking.
cottages.com is a trading name of Wyndham Vacation Rentals (UK) Ltd. Registered in England and Wales.
Registered Office: Spring Mill, Stoney Bank Road, Earby, Lancashire,BB94 0AA, UK
Company Registration Number 00965389. VAT Registration Number: GB 598 22 99 77
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cottages.com is the new home of cottages4you (Cottages for You).
cottages.com is a trading name of Wyndham Vacation Rentals (UK) Ltd. Registered in England and Wales.
Registered Office: Spring Mill, Stoney Bank Road, Earby, Lancashire,BB94 0AA, UK
Company Registration Number 00965389. VAT Registration Number: GB 598 22 99 77


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 1, 1992
|Filing date
|Nov 7, 1990
|Priority date
|Dec 16, 1988
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Thomas H. Winslow
|Original Assignee
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (8), Classifications (4), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a division of application Ser. No. 07/285,915 filed Dec. 16, 1988.
The present invention relates to ink jet printing systems, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for permitting an ink jet printing system to controllably operate in a high speed mode.
Ink jet printers have become very popular due to their quiet and fast operation and their high print quality on plain paper. A variety of ink jet printing methods have been developed.
In one ink jet printing method, termed continuous jet printing, ink is delivered under pressure to nozzles in a print head to produce continuous jets of ink. Each jet is separated by vibration into a stream of droplets which are charged and electrostatically deflected, either to a printing medium or to a collection gutter for subsequent recirculation. U.S. Pat. No. 3,596,275 is illustrative of this method.
In another ink jet printing method, termed electrostatic pull printing, the ink in the printing nozzles is under zero pressure or low positive pressure and is electrostatically pulled into a stream of droplets. The droplets fly between two pairs of deflecting electrodes that are arranged to control the droplets' direction of flight and their deposition in desired positions on the printing medium. U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,429 is illustrative of this method.
A third class of methods, more popular than the foregoing, is known as drop-on-demand printing. In this technique, ink is held in the pen at below atmospheric pressure and is ejected by a drop generator, one drop at a time, on demand. Two principal ejection mechanisms are used: thermal bubble and piezoelectric pressure wave. In the thermal bubble systems, a thin film resistor in the drop generator is heated and causes sudden vaporization of a small portion of the ink. The rapidly expanding ink vapor displaces ink from the nozzle causing drop ejection. U.S. Pat. No. 4,490,728 is exemplary of such thermal bubble drop-on-demand systems.
In the piezoelectric pressure wave systems, a piezoelectric element is used to abruptly compress a volume of ink in the drop generator, thereby producing a pressure wave which causes ejection of a drop at the nozzle. U.S. Pat. No. 3,832,579 is exemplary of such piezoelectric pressure wave drop-on-demand systems.
The drop-on-demand techniques require that under quiescent conditions the pressure in the ink reservoir be below ambient so that ink is retained in the pen until it is to be ejected. The amount of this "underpressure" (or "partial vacuum") is critical. If the underpressure is too small, or if the reservoir pressure is positive, ink tends to escape through the drop generators. If the underpressure is too large, air may be sucked in through the drop generators under quiescent conditions. (Air is not normally sucked in through the drop generators because their high capillarity retains the air-ink meniscus against the partial vacuum of the reservoir.)
The underpressure required in drop-on-demand printing systems can be obtained in a variety of ways. In one system, the underpressure is obtained gravitationally by lowering the ink reservoir so that the surface of the ink is slightly below the level of the nozzles. However, such positioning of the ink reservoir is not always easily achieved and places severe constraints on print head design. Exemplary of this gravitational underpressure technique is U.S. Pat. No. 3,452,361.
Alternative techniques for achieving the required underpressure are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,509,062 and in copending application Ser. No. 07/115,013 filed Oct. 28, 1987, both assigned to the present assignee. In the former patent, the underpressure is achieved by using a bladder type ink reservoir which progressively collapses as ink is drawn therefrom. The restorative force of the flexible bladder keeps the pressure of the ink in the reservoir slightly below ambient. In the system disclosed in the latter patent application, the underpressure is achieved by using a capillary reservoir vent tube that is immersed in ink in the ink reservoir at one end and coupled to an overflow catchbasin open to atmospheric pressure at the other. As the printhead draws ink from the reservoir, the reservoir pressure falls below ambient. This underpressure increases as ink is ejected from the reservoir. When the underpressure reaches a threshold value, it draws a small volume of air in through the capillary tube and into the reservoir, thereby preventing the underpressure from exceeding the threshold value.
The maximum print rate in drop-on-demand printers is limited by the recharge time of the capillary tube that provides ink to the drop generator. If the drop generator is fired more quickly that the capillary tube can supply ink, the droplets comprising the ink jet will be incompletely formed and some may be omitted entirely.
There is a long felt and increasing need for higher speed ink jet printers, especially with for use in print-intensive applications, such as the printing of graphical images. Existing ink jet pens have been optimized to obtain every possible speed advantage, such as by exploitation of the oscillation of the ink in the drop generator to speed the rate at which droplets can be ejected, yet the need for still faster ink jet printers persists.
It is an object of the present invention to fulfill this need.
It is a more particular object of the present invention to provide an ink jet pen that has two modes of operation: a regular speed mode and a high speed mode.
It is another more particular object of the present invention to provide an ink jet pen that can selectably supply ink to the drop generator at either a negative pressure or at a positive pressure.
It is still another more particular object of the present invention to provide an ink jet pen that can automatically close a vent in its ink reservoir so that a positive pressure can be maintained therein.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, an ink jet pen is provided with a electrical heating element that can be selectably energized to heat air in the ink reservoir and thereby increase the pressure on the ink therein. This positive pressure drives the ink more rapidly through the tube feeding the drop generator and permits the pen to print at a faster rate.
When the heating element is not energized, the partial vacuum left in the reservoir by the ejection of ink is moderated by the introduction of air through a bubble generator orifice. This orifice is sized so that a negative reservoir pressure of about 5 inches of water is required before a bubble of air can be drawn through the orifice and into the ink. By this arrangement, the reservoir pressure is regulated at the "bubble pressure" when the heating element is not energized.
The pressure in the reservoir is also regulated when the heating element is energized. The positive pressure in the reservoir would normally tend to drive ink out the bubble generator orifice. In the present invention, however, the ink is prevented from draining out the bubble generator orifice until the reservoir pressure exceeds a positive threshold value. When that pressure is exceeded, a volume of ink is forcibly expelled. This expulsion of ink relieves a portion of the positive pressure in the reservoir and keeps the reservoir pressure below the positive threshold value.
In one embodiment, ink is prevented from draining out the bubble generator orifice when the heating element is energized by a novel arrangement of components in the catchbasin chamber to which the orifice leads. This chamber is vented to the atmosphere through a chimney that extends into the chamber and terminates with its opening opposite the bubble generator orifice. When ink begins to be driven by a positive pressure from the reservoir through the bubble generator orifice and into the chamber, the ink seals the opening in the chimney, thereby isolating the chamber from ambient pressure. Thereafter, positive pressure in the ink reservoir caused by the heating of air therein is relieved by forcing ink to the print nozzles at a faster rate during printing.
If the heating element is not energized and the pressure in the reservoir rises above ambient due to environmental conditions, the above-described ventblocking mechanism is disabled and the positive pressure in the reservoir is relieved by discharging ink to the catchbasin.
The foregoing and additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an ink jet pen according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1A is an enlarged detail showing the reservoir venting arrangement used in the ink jet pen of FIG. 1.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an ink jet pen according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a chart comparing the relationship between print quality and print speed for prior art ink jet pens versus the ink jet pen of the present invention.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, an ink jet pen 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention includes an ink reservoir 12 that supplies ink to a drop generator 14. Positioned in an upper portion of the reservoir 12 is a resistive heating element 16 that is coupled to contacts 18 on the outside of the pen 10 by wires 20. When the resistive heating element 16 is energized by application of a suitable voltage to contacts 18, the air in the top of the reservoir is heated and tries to expand according to the ideal gas laws. Since the reservoir is substantially sealed, as described in detail below, the heated air cannot expand and instead becomes pressurized. This positive pressure is exerted on the ink in the reservoir and urges it into a tube that supplies ink to the drop generator 14. This pressurized supply of ink through the capillary tube permits the drop generator to be operated at a higher repetition rate than in the prior art with no impairment in droplet formation, thereby permitting higher printing rates.
When this high speed printing mode is no longer desired, the supply of voltage to the resistive heating element 16 is interrupted. Air convection currents, radiation, conduction and air expansion then cool the air in the pen and return the pen to a normal print speed mode in which the reservoir is operated at an underpressure.
In the normal print speed mode, the ejection of ink from the reservoir 12 leaves a partial vacuum therein that is moderated by the occasional introduction of an air bubble into the reservoir through one or more bubble generator orifices 22 (FIG. 1A). The orifices 22 are sized so that a negative reservoir pressure of approximately 5 inches of water is required before a bubble of air can be drawn through an orifice and into the ink. In the illustrated embodiment, the bubble generator orifices have diameters of 0.0078 inches. Every time the partial vacuum in the reservoir exceeds five inches of water (the "bubble pressure"), another air bubble is introduced into the reservoir and the pressure therein is correspondingly reduced. By use of these small orifices, the pressure in the reservoir is prevented from reaching atmospheric pressure and is instead regulated at the "bubble pressure" during the normal printing mode.
It will be recognized that for the reservoir 12 to be operated at a positive pressure, as is required in the high speed print mode, the bubble generator orifices 22 must somehow be disabled. If they are not, the orifices would permit ink to escape from the reservoir 12 and relieve the positive pressure therein. In the preferred embodiment, this disabling function is performed by a novel arrangement of components in the chamber 24 (also termed a "catchbasin") to which the orifices lead. Chamber 24 is vented to the surrounding air through a chimney 26 that extends into the chamber and terminates with a chamfered opening 28 positioned a small distance away from the bubble generator orifices, as shown in FIG. 1A.
In the high speed print mode, the rapidly increasing reservoir pressure drives droplets of ink through the bubble generator orifices 22 and into an annular metering area 27 that is defined between the outside surface of chimney 26 and the inside surface of a collar 36 extending downwardly around the chimney. The rapid secretion of the droplets through the bubble generator orifices 22 soon blocks this narrow annular passageway 27 and forms a low pressure seal to the catchbasin 24, isolating this chamber from the reservoir. Continued secretion of ink droplets through the bubble generators 22 collects on this seal and soon rises to the point that it floods the chamfered opening 28 on the top of the chimney, thereby blocking the vent to atmospheric pressure.
The geometry of chimney 26 is designed so that the surface tension of an ink drop caught therein can support a desired positive pressure so as to effectively seal the chimney and thus the orifice 22. In the illustrated embodiment, this geometry includes a small diameter bore 30 leading from the chamfered opening to a large diameter bore 32. A circumferentially extending pocket or undercut 34 extends about the top of the large diameter bore 32 immediately adjacent the point at which the small diameter bore 30 meets the large diameter bore 32. This pocket 34 fills with ink when ink is introduced into the chamfered opening 28. The ink's surface tension holds the ink in this location and increases the pressure required to clear the chimney of this blockage.
After the chamfered opening has been blocked, the positive pressure in the reservoir can no longer be relieved through the vent chimney 26. Instead, the reservoir pressure can only be relieved by forcing ink more rapidly through the ink nozzle and out towards the printing medium, resulting in increased print density.
(The geometry of the illustrated vent also permits it to serve as a pressure relief valve, permitting the ink blocking the opening to be blown out through the chimney if the reservoir pressure exceeds a desired maximum value.)
When the heating resistor 16 is initially energized, it is energized with a high current to rapidly bring the pen to its high speed print mode. Once the vent chimney 26 is blocked and the pen is operating in the desired positive pressure condition, the resistor heating current can be reduced to a lower value for the duration of the high speed operation. The resistor continues to be energized with this lower current so long as the print buffer is filled with data to be printed in the high speed mode.
Once the print buffer is no longer full of data to be printed in the high speed mode, current to the heating resistor is interrupted. The pen continues to operate at the increased print density for the interval required to empty the print buffer of this data. The pen is then moved to a "spit" station at which the remaining positive pressure in the reservoir is relieved by permitting a small quantity of ink to drool out the print nozzles and into a trough or blotter.
The pen is next moved to a "service station" at which it rests until cooled to nearly ambient. During this cooling interval, pressure in the reservoir decreases to below ambient, to about negative 3 or 4 inches of water. The ink trapped in the chamfered opening 28 or the chimney 26 is drawn through the bubble generator orifices 22 and into the reservoir by the partial vacuum therein, as is ink in the annular metering area 27. When the liquid meniscus blocking the vent chimney 26 pulls free, the reservoir can reequilibrate to the bubble generator set point, i.e. a pressure corresponding to negative five inches of water. The pen is then ready to resume printing in the normal print mode.
While reservoir pressure is deliberately increased above ambient in the high speed print mode, a similar pressure change may be caused by environmental effects, such as an increase in ambient temperature or an increase in altitude. However, in these latter situations, a pen according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention does not operate in the same manner as it does in the high speed mode. Instead, it compensates for such atmospheric changes and permits the positive pressure to be bled from the reservoir.
The reason the pen can respond differently to these two similar conditions is the difference in the rate at which the reservoir pressure increases. Since the atmospherically induced changes occur slowly relative to the resistive heating-induced changes, the ink is not forced into the annular metering area at the high rate required to flood this area and form a seal. Instead, the ink forced through the bubble generator orifices 22 wets the plastic material defining the annular metering area, is acted on by its surface energy and moves down the metering area to the bottom of the catchbasin 24. Ink pooling on the bottom of the catchbasin soon comes into contact with foam 29 that fills most of the catchbasin and wicks the ink away from the chimney. Continued changes in atmospheric conditions which cause further increases in reservoir pressure continue to be relieved by the drooling of ink out the reservoir, down the annular metering area 27 and into the catchbasin foam 29. The annular metering area is never blocked during this slow process, so the vent chimney 26 is never occluded. The reservoir is thus permitted to bleed any positive pressure down to ambient and operation of the pen will further reduce reservoir pressure down to the bubble pressure.
While the illustrations show two bubble generator orifices, there may be a greater or lesser number. In one embodiment, there are six orifices, symmetrically positioned about the top of the chimney. In the high speed print mode, all of the orifices drool ink which seals the annular metering area and blocks the vent chimney. In the regular speed print mode, however, only one of the orifices is usually operative--the one with the largest diameter. (Due to manufacturing tolerances, each of the orifices will have a slightly different diameter. The bubbles will be preferentially drawn through the orifice with the largest diameter since it presents the path of least resistance.)
FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein a valve 44 is provided to controllably stop the flow of ink through the bubble generator(s) during the high print rate mode. This valve 44 is electrically operated from the same control lines as operate the heating element 16. Consequently, the valve 44 is shut whenever the heating element is energized. When valve 44 is shut, the pressure in the reservoir is permitted to build. A pressure relief system is desirably provided in such an embodiment to prevent the reservoir pressure from exceeding a desired maximum value. A variety of such pressure relief means are known and could be used in this application.
In still other embodiments, the pressure relief feature can be omitted if the heater is thermostatically controlled. For example, in the illustrated embodiments, a 5 inch of water positive pressure that may be desired in the high speed print mode can be achieved by heating the air in the reservoir thirty degrees Fahrenheit above ambient. (This value, of course, is dependent on the volume of air in the reservoir.) By placing a thermistor or other thermoelectric transducer in the reservoir, the temperature therein can be monitored and used to control the application of power to the heating element.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the print quality achieved in a comparable prior art ink jet pen with the print quality attainable by the present invention in the high print rate mode, as a function of print rate. As can be seen, for both systems, the print quality falls below an acceptable range when the print rate exceeds a certain value. In the present invention, however, this value is higher than in the prior art. In the prior art, the print quality becomes unacceptable when the print rate exceeds about 5500 drops per second. In the high speed print mode of the present invention, a print rate of 8500 drops per second can be attained with acceptable quality.
To attain the higher print rates possible by use of the present invention, the carriage that moves the ink jet pen relative to the printing medium must be moved at a commensurately higher rate. That is, the pen carriage must move the pen at different speeds depending on the printing mode in which the pen is operating. Alternatively, the carriage can be moved at a fixed rate irrespective of the mode of the pen. In this instance, it is the print density that increases in the second mode, since the pen is ejecting ink at a faster rate and thereby increasing the number of ink droplets applied per unit area of printing medium. In a final embodiment, rather than having a two mode system (in which the heating element is either on or off), the heating element is provided with a variable control current so that the pressure in the reservoir can be set to any desired positive pressure. In this embodiment, the print density can be modulated as desired by providing a correspondingly modulated electrical signal to the heating element. Analog grey scaling of the printed output can thus be achieved.
Having described and illustrated the principles of my invention with reference to a preferred embodiment and several variations thereof, it should be apparent that the invention can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. For example, while the invention has been illustrated with reference to a bubble generator/chimney arrangement positioned in an upper floor of the reservoir, in other embodiments these elements or their equivalents can be provided advantageously at the bottom of a well that extends downwardly from the upper part of the reservoir, adjacent the drop generator, as is shown at numeral 50 in FIG. 2. Similarly, while the invention has been illustrated with reference to a resistive element used to increase the reservoir pressure by heating the air therein, in alternative embodiments other conventional pressure increasing mechanisms can be employed, such as devices that physically reduce the volume of the reservoir. Finally, while the invention has been illustrated with reference to an embodiment wherein the positive reservoir pressures caused by environmental factors are relieved by venting ink from the reservoir, in alternative embodiments the same relief pressure can be achieved by venting air instead.
In view of the wide range of embodiments to which the principles of the present invention can be applied, it should be understood that the apparatuses described and illustrated are to be considered illustrative only and not as limiting the scope of the invention. Instead, my invention is to include all such embodiments as may come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereof.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 23, 1982
|Mar 5, 1985
|Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A.
|Serial ink jet printing head
|Aug 12, 1985
|Oct 28, 1986
|Seiko Epson Kabushiki Kaisha
|Ink jet printer of the ink-on-demand type
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 9, 1994
|Oct 28, 1997
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Ink supply device for an ink jet recording apparatus
|May 15, 1996
|Jun 9, 1998
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Ink feeding container
|Aug 5, 1996
|Aug 3, 1999
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Bottom fill inkjet cartridge through bubble generator
|Mar 6, 1998
|Jan 11, 2000
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Ink containment unit for use in an ink delivery system
|Jun 24, 1998
|Oct 31, 2000
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Bottom fill inkjet cartridge through bubble generator
|Jan 28, 1999
|Jun 5, 2001
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|High-durability ink containment unit for use in an ink delivery system
|Sep 17, 2004
|Jul 17, 2007
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Thermal drop generator
|Sep 17, 2004
|Mar 23, 2006
|Xiaofeng Yang
|Thermal drop generator
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 31, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 31, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 16, 2001
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, COLORADO
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:011523/0469
Effective date: 19980520
|Jun 1, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
I probably sound like a broken record because all I ever talk about is the weather and seasons and how they make me feel but HELLO SUN WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN ALL MY LIFE. This winter has affected me more than ever, sad face, which means that the anticipation of sun has been stronger than ever. Now it finally seems that spring has graced us with its presence and with it has come a sprinkle of happiness. I'm happy, people on the streets of London are happy, the UK in general is happy because who can't be happy when after months of being sun-deprived we get some light and a taste of the happy months to come. I'm wearing my spring coat for the first time this year and it feels damn great.
The appearance of sun isn't the only reason for my happiness, but it's linked. This weekend is Easter and so marks the end of boring dark cold winter, and the beginning of happy fun plans. It's also the first lengthy period of time off work since Christmas, which was hello how long ago? Too long. Those mince pies and mulled wines are a distant memory and all that fills the gap between then and now is werk werk werk. I need break now pls. It also helps that I've got a city break and a two week holiday planned in the month after Easter. April is the month of dreams and it's finally around the corner, hey hey tans and swims and happiness.
Life seems to be slotting into place for me, plans are afoot and with spring and summer comes change. Good change. I'm going to be leaving London for a while, and so on Monday I took the opportunity to give London a little bit of love. I have a lot of qualms with London and the way of life that it enforces in us, so I don't often appreciate the great things about it. But this week I did. I walked and observed it's pretty buildings and bridges and looked across views and drank the best hot chocolate of life at Gail's Artisan Bakery. See, everything's better when the sun comes out, I even love London (a lil bit).
It might seem silly to think that sun equals happiness, but for me I think that's just the way it is. Yeah I still love life in its own way when the seasons aren't in our favour but I don't have the same continual happy outlook that spring brings. Spring basically means new life, and that's what it is, for humans as well as for trees and flowers and the rest. So thank you March because everything is a little brighter and lighter and alive. And that means happy. Happy happy happy happy.


text:
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text:
Sammy promises a winning show as World Champions face Pakistan
Kingstown: World Champions West Indies will be going all out to beat Pakistan in the two-match Twenty20 International Series this weekend at the picturesque Arnos Vale Cricket Ground.
The two teams will meet on Saturday and Sunday in what will be the first T20 Internationals to be played at the stadium.
Captain Darren Sammy said it was important West Indies continue their winning form in the weekend contests.
"We are the world champions and we plan to come out and play like world champions," a confident Sammy said after Friday`s morning training session.
"We have some of the best players in the world in our dressing room and we all believe we can come out here and beat Pakistan. This will be an historic weekend as the people here in St Vincent will get to see their first T20 International and I know the fans will come out and support us as they always do."
West Indies have played unbeaten in this format since they won the ICC World T20 Tournament in Sri Lanka last October and Sammy said his team will look to maintain their unbeaten run as they start to build towards the ICC World T20 tournament in Bangladesh early next year.
Since the World T20 triumph West Indies beat Bangladesh at the Sher-e-Bangla in Dhaka last December, defeated Australia at the Gabba in Brisbane in February and had back-to-back wins over Zimbabwe at the Sir Vivian Richards Stadium in Antigua in March.
"We are presently listed at Number 2 in the ICC T20 rankings and if we win this weekend we will move closer to the Number 1 position. We want to be Number 1 in the world so in order to do that we need to win and prove our strength," Sammy added.
"We are looking towards defending our World T20 title. As everyone is aware, the tournament is due to be played in Bangladesh next year and we want to make sure we will be ready when the time comes. This weekend offers a great opportunity for players to put their hands up and be counted in a major way."
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text:
|Running Time: 113 mins.
|Genre: Adaptation, Adventure, Western
Sean Connery
Brigitte Bardot
Stephen Boyd
Jack Hawkins
All Cast & Crew >>
Summary:While guiding a hunting party of clueless European aristocrats, cowboy Bosky Fulton leads them into hostile Apache territory. Becoming separated from the group, Countess Irina Lazaar experiences the first run-in with an Apache, which results in the tracker Shalako coming to her rescue. Despite Shalako's warning to leave the area immediately, the pampered foreigners fail to take him seriously, leaving them in grave danger.


text:
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July 30th @ Motorco
723 Rigsbee Avenue, Durham
Doors open at 5:00
Auction Viewing from 5:00 - 6:30
Live Auction runs from 6:30 - 7:30
Get a sneak peak at some of the wonderful artwork that we will have up for bid:
Want to get an idea of what you can expect for the exciting live auction portion of the evening? Get a sneak peak of our auctioneer, Charley Karnes of Carolina Benefit Auctions. Learn more about Charley on Facebook.
Tickets are $10 in advance or $15 at the door
All proceeds benefit IAR's animal welfare programs, including the foster program and spay/neuter programs for free-roaming and companion animals in the community.
Did You Know: When cats receive just a five-minute dose of attention and affection during their early domestic life, they will become significantly more attached to people.
Independent Animal Rescue
Post Office Box 14232, Durham, NC 27709-4232
Post Office Box 14232, Durham, NC 27709-4232


text:
APPENDIX 3H Establishment of Permanent Cell Lines by Epstein-Barr Virus Transformation
Published Online: 1 MAY 2001
DOI: 10.1002/0471142905.hga03hs02
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Lab Protocol Title
Current Protocols in Human Genetics
Additional Information
How to Cite
Gilbert, J. 2001. Establishment of Permanent Cell Lines by Epstein-Barr Virus Transformation. Current Protocols in Human Genetics. 2:3H:A.3H.1–A.3H.5.
Publication History
- Published Online: 1 MAY 2001
- Published Print: AUG 1994
- Abstract
- Article
- References
This basic protocol presents Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation of B cells to create a permanent cell line to provide cells for genetic and DNA analysis. Virus stocks are prepared from cultures of an infected marmoset cell line in the first support protocol. Transformed cells may be analyzed immediately or frozen for future use as described in the second support protocol.


text:
I was wondering if Glowforge has sent out any units yet. I thought they were supposed to release the middle of December.Last Post By: Bill George Yesterday, 8:01 PM
I keep getting emails from this idiot peddling rubbish woodworking plans. Any ideas how he's stolen the email address he's spamming? I block the address and he ends up getting through again and againLast Post By: george wilson Today, 8:49 AM
The oilpot is an essential tool for precision woodworking. I first learned this fact while living in Japan when I was called a fool by a joiner for not having one in my tool kit. I won't bore you with that embarrassing story, but a quick tutorial on oilpots as I understand them may be useful. ...Last Post By: Derek Cohen Today, 8:16 AM
The boss aka sweetie pie, light of my life, and even more important SWMBO has been on my case to make a tool chest and small work bench to carry when we go RVing. She has noticed after a couple of days of sitting in an RV park I'm ready to be back in the shop. There is only so much beer, whisky and...Last Post By: ken hatch Yesterday, 11:21 PM
Is it possible to make a living woodworking out of my garage making small projects and selling them at flea markets or other places? I have a bandsaw, router table, planer, miter saw, table saw, spindle sander, drill press and an assortment of hand tools. I am tired or working for electrical...Last Post By: Brian Sommers Today, 10:53 AM
I have been running a thread on "shooting" edges with a shooting plane. I got several responses suggesting that a jointer plane might be the correct tool for "jointing edges". This raises a question in my head regarding which jointer. Certainly these pages have been buzzing for some time now...Last Post By: Mike Holbrook Yesterday, 4:47 PM
Face vice (Votes: 13)
Moxxon vice (Votes: 13)
Other (Votes: 4)
No glue on the length of the ship lap.That were they need to move right. I have a tall cypress cabinet I made that has ship lap back and there's no noiseAndrew Hughes Today, 10:55 AM
I like this, but to make sure I'm understanding what you are saying. For an example, lets say I need to gross $1000/wk. So this week I make 4 items, IBrian Sommers Today, 10:53 AM
Thanks for posting about the 42 degree frog you ordered. I'm not sure I understand why but that angle seems to work very well, doing a large
Good eye, James. I had made a mistake measuring and ended up with a cutout that was too high. I was about to throw it away when I realized I could cutBrian Kent Today, 10:39 AM
Bravo Tim!Mike Cherry Today, 10:39 AM


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