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New Zealand Sevens' coach Gordon Tietjens plans to initiate face-to-face discussions with Shaun Johnson, but the Warriors star faces a sizeable pay cut if he chases an Olympic gold medal.
Johnson caused a stir last week when he revealed a keen interest to leave the Warriors and link with Sevens guru Tietjens to pursue a place in his squad for the Rio de Janeiro Olympics in 2016.
The superstar halfback, who burst on to the league scene last year with a standout rookie NRL season, spoke of being struck by the awe of the recent London Olympics and appeal that a gold medal held for all sportsmen.
Johnson had considered the facts before speaking publicly. He is off contract with the Warriors at the end of 2014, giving him ample time to push for the Olympic Sevens. It is understood he could commit solely to Sevens and would not have to play the 15-man format.
In light of this week's developments, Warriors chief executive Wayne Scurrah admitted that Johnson might request a groundbreaking league sabbatical in his next contract. That option would allow a return to the club later, but might also leave Johnson significantly out of pocket.
"The next Olympics are outside of his current contract term," Scurrah told the Sunday Star-Times. "When we sit down to negotiate, his agent might say 'how about a sabbatical?' We haven't done it before. Not many clubs have, if any."
Johnson is thought to be earning between $200,000 and $250,000 at the Warriors. The Star-Times understands top Sevens specialists heading to Rio can expect a maximum salary of $150,000.
"I don't imagine Sevens players earn anywhere near what an NRL player does," Scurrah said. "The new salary cap out of the new broadcast deal is likely to make it very attractive for NRL players. Guys like Shaun are going to earn more money. That's going to be a huge attraction.
"Shaun isn't going to be an average NRL player and some are earning up to $1 million."
New Zealand Rugby Union general manager of professional rugby Neil Sorensen confirmed the interest in Johnson, but also conceded Sevens could not compete with the Warriors' pay-packets.
"We won't be in a position to have a whole bunch of Sevens players earning $200,000 or $300,000 a year," Sorensen said. "I don't visualise anybody coming across to play Sevens to make some big dollars. It's about the lure of the gold medal.
"If he is keen to have a crack at Rio we would be looking right now to contract him through 2015 and 16. I'm sure he could be a future star in this format."
Johnson's interest in Sevens does not appear to be money-driven. It is more about the challenge of competing in the world's largest sporting event.
Tietjens was enthused at the prospect of luring Johnson, and revealed he would approach the player's manager, Peter Brown, for a sit-down after the Warriors' final two games of the season to discuss a temporary code switch.
"Post-season is a great opportunity to sit down with Shaun and his manager to discuss options," Tietjens said.
"At the moment it's hot off the press. He's still got a couple of weeks in his season to go. After that, it's generally time out for those players. It would then be a good time to discuss what he wants.
"It would be exciting to give him the opportunity to play Sevens. Discussions would have to take place between the Warriors and the New Zealand Rugby Union."
Former Kiwis standoff Henry Paul, who made a successful transition to the England Sevens team, is an example of what Johnson could achieve.
Johnson, 21, could be viewed as a playmaker replacement for Tomasi Cama, 31.
Before making the Olympic team, the Warriors halfback would be required to attend Tietjens' training camps and then compete in tournaments on the 2015 World Series circuit to prove his capabilities.
"Ideally, some of those newer players would be involved in IRB World Series tournaments before the Olympics," Tietjens said.
Competition for Olympic spots will be intense. High-profile All Blacks, such as Israel Dagg and Liam Messam, are likely to be available after the Rugby World Cup in 2015.
- Sunday Star Times
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- Cape student sues, accuses school officials of slamming her to ground multiple times (04/28/16)45
- Bob Evans restaurant in Cape Girardeau among chain's 21 closings (04/26/16)9
- Missouri House votes to allow concealed weapons without permits (04/28/16)6
- Two hurt in motorcycle wreck on Interstate 55 (04/25/16)1
- Law firm requests information about Cape's traffic cameras (04/25/16)2
- Local lawmakers split over failed medical marijuana bill; voters may have a say (04/26/16)19
- Police report filed, but no charges in incident at Cape Central (04/29/16)35
- Tanker truck catches fire near Oak Ridge (04/24/16)7
- Local company makes eco-friendly kitty litter that cuts cat-box smell (04/25/16)
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Davis appointed student regent at Southeast
Christopher Davis, a Southeast Missouri State University student from St. Louis, has been appointed as the school's new student regent.
Gov. Matt Blunt appointed Davis on Feb. 7. The Missouri Senate confirmed the appointment on March 2.
School officials said he will be sworn in as the newest member of the board at the next meeting of the regents. The meeting hasn't been scheduled yet, but it likely will be in April, Southeast officials said.
Davis replaces India Jeffery of St. Louis, whose term on the board has expired. Davis' term will run through Dec. 31, 2007.
Davis, a junior, is majoring in criminal justice and minoring in political science. He works on campus in the office of minority student programs.
The student regent participates in meetings of the board of regents but doesn't have a vote.
Davis traveled with the school's other regents to Denver, Colo., on Thursday to watch Southeast Missouri State University's women's basketball team play in the NCAA tournament. Reached on his cellular phone, Davis said he didn't have time to comment on his appointment.


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Written on: 25/02/2013
Having recently set up my own small business, I wanted a UK domain and hosting provider for my website. I did my research but found sites to be quite confusing when trying to compare product specs and prices.
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LANSING, MI — Michigan's right-to-work law has raised concerns among some who fear workers could be bullied as they decide…3 years ago


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Sign up to Receive our E-mail Nature Newsletter! You'll enjoy special postings on programs, events, bird sightings, plants blooming and more at Quinta Mazatlan!
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The tractors were big and so were the numbers.
Day one of the biennial Southfuels Farmarama was held at the Lawrence Gymkhana Grounds yesterday. The event continues today.
Convener David Robertson said there was a "huge amount" on display.
"We are up 25 per cent on exhibitors.
"Farmers come and have a day out, they kick some tyres and have a yarn."
There was everything from a full range of tractors and heavy machinery to seaweed products and water pumped using solar power.
"All the top car companies are here, and four-wheelers and motorbikes.
"Our history shows we're professional enough to run a good show."
While day two was traditionally the big day, yesterday had attracted a good crowd, he said.
"This is a good crowd for a Thursday," Mr Robertson said.
"I'd like to see a couple of thousand through, maybe more."
Many were coming out of Christchurch and Invercargill to exhibit, and some from the North Island.
"It's getting to a stage, it isn't a local event, it's an event that can't afford to be missed."
The number of sheep exhibitors had increased this year and sheep breeders were facing more competition, he said.
"A lot of those ram breeders are losing out to the black and whites [dairy cows]," and there were fewer and fewer sheep in New Zealand.
"Those ram breeders are so passionate about what they do, they want to get their genetics out there in front of people."
Shows like the Farmarama were another form of media, or "open air media", for the breeders, he said.
Aurora Romney Studs' representative, who coincidentally is also David Robertson, was attending the Farmarama for the second time from Palmerston. The show was advertising for the stud, he said.
"It is getting your name out there.
"If you don't put yourself out in the public arena nobody knows about you."
He had a good response two years ago, which was why he returned this year, he said. Money taken at the gate will go towards the Tuapeka Aquatic Centre, and the money from the exhibitors will go towards other Lawrence projects.
- The Southland Times
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DWTS 2013 Premieres, Miley Cyrus Wears Engagement Ring: Week in Review, 3/22
Another week gone by means another week full of juicy TV and pop culture news. Here are the biggest stories from Wetpaint Entertainment over the past seven days, from the Dancing With the Stars Season 16 premiere to the latest on Miley Cyrus and Liam Hemsworth's relationship.
03.22.2013 / 05:30 PM EDT by Laura Case
Related: News, Gossip, Miley Cyrus, Miley Cyrus and Liam Hemsworth, Reality Gossip
DWTS 2013 Premieres, Miley Cyrus Wears Engagement Ring: Week in Review, 3/22
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Were You Part Of The "Mentally Gifted Minds" Program In California Scools back in the 70's?
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thats the thing is it harming him? how can we tell now?
did your parents know what you were doing was harming you?
did it harm you?
if you look at it all positively (or mostly) it couldn't be to bad
but if you look at it negative of course itll be bad
some of you seem to be well off and happy just wanting to see the deeper meaning of it all
some cant handle it and may take there lives or abuse other things
.. i try to focus on the things we can controll somewhat.. if its in the past well i really have no control but can only learn from it and use it to assist my path to the future
i like to focus more on what i can control , meditating knowing your self, health, stop eating junck and stop eating GMOs, when your diet is awful you are easily controlled and its even easier to trigger your other alters , youll have mood swings.. healthy mind healthy body and focus on making this world a better place for others i can control that and wont dwell on what i lost control of
Anonymous Coward 13404684
I hear what you're saying. My life is very full - with love and family and friends. Most of my adult life I've been in automatic achieve mode (but I think it was because of my sad childhood - I wanted something better for my kids than what I was given). I've been on my own since I was very young - always worked, went to school and paid rent. I know MGM gave me good skills and creative thinking.
And you're right - there are those that do look at things very negatively - but where will the help come from unless we try to understand this. I can't recommend going to a therapist or psychologist because that may do more harm. (whether nefariously or otherwise) At this point, who knows.
One thing I do know is that my sister and I both are going through this and in no way have I told my whole story here.
Sometimes the best way out of something is through it. I want to satisfy my curious mind, figure out as much as possible and go from there. I like a mystery and sealing my files presses every sleuth instinct in me! lol
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Why Do Babies Really Cry?
by Mike Stanz
posted Apr 15 2014 5:30AM
A scientist at Harvard has proposed a
very interesting theory
to explain why babies cry at night: it's to keep their moms exhausted and not ovulating, which delays the birth of another sibling. In other words, crying babies can be effective birth control. Be sure to check the family planning section of your nearest pharmacy for the endless loop recording of screaming infants.
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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $0.72 (15% off)
Posted by 4992674700835016737 on Sep 01, 2013
good!! my nephew is very very like it!!
Posted by missyhuii on Aug 30, 2013
one of my favourite snacks, able to satisfy my sweet tooth!
Taste good
Posted by Reviewer2617837 on Aug 29, 2013
Sweet and sour, baby is very like
Positively delicious!
Posted by 5571618241864658514 on Aug 19, 2013
They are not too sweet and an excellent snack, or addition to salads and other recipes!
Posted by 4724191072056737079 on Aug 12, 2013
So delicius
Posted by 5007434675877214726 on Jul 28, 2013
Posted by 4611941934266113030 on Jul 25, 2013
The quality of this product is superb! Great snack mixed with raw nuts!
Tasty and sweet.
Posted by Reviewer1978086 on Jul 24, 2013
I have been buying and reordering these cranberries for quite some time now. They are very tasty.
Posted by jnewbigging on Jul 16, 2013
Can't go wrong with dried cranberries. Sweet and delicious. Perfect on their own for a snack or in muffins, salads, etc. Definitely buying these again!
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2 people found the following review helpful
Good product
Posted by 5277237331414905435 on Jul 08, 2013
Good product...


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We ate here a couple of weekends ago based on the suggestion of a friend, and overall, it was quite a good experience. We were told to try the avocado salad which honestly didn't sound like anything special, but it ended up being surprisingly light, simple and delicious. W...moree had a couple of fried seafood platters which tasted fresh and not heavily battered, and the remoulade dipping sauce and hobo fries were excellent! My favorite part was the key lime pie which was one of the best I've had in a long time! Really fresh and tart! We had to wait a long time before we finally flagged down a waitress to place our order, but everything was fine after that. I would definitely go back!view less
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10. Costa Sur Wok & Ceviche BarMenu
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This Red Lobster is right off SPID. It's food is great but the wait is sometimes long. My favorite is the shrimp scampi and those delicious biscui…
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Love the atmosphere! Food is wonderful. The only problem...a hostess named April...flithy mouth..horrible attitude. Treated customers horribly...and…
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25. Seafood Express
10733 Leopard StCorpus Christi, TX 78410
26. Land & Sea Restaurant
My husband & I eat here often. They have lots to choose from on their menu. From great salads to the best steaks around and lots of choices in b…
27. Water Street Oyster BarMenu
I love this restaurant and highly reccomend the Sushi. Try ordering the House Roll. Yummy!!!
28. La Playa Azul Mexican Grill
3802 Interstate Highway 69 Access RdCorpus Christi, TX 78410
29. Doc's Seafood & Steaks
Great food, great service, nice view. We went to Doc's for the crab guacamole, which was good, but the stuffed flounder and bacon wrapped stuffed sh…
30. Catfish Charlie'sMenu
Love the atmosphere. The waitresses are awesome. The food was great. The only thing wrong with the frog legs is needing more flavor. They were blen…
It's a two story old boat. Meals are on the pricey side but lord is it worth it. They have the most amazing food. Seafood of course. Just to die for. Nice place. Only thing is slow service. Then again they were super busy and it was a Friday night. I would deffintally call i...moren a reservation. Just some addvice. I highly recommend this place. I forgave them on the wait. The food was that good. I swear on you. view less
Once Again, Great Food My husband and I ate here over 15years ago and decided to go back. The food was delicious and we were very happy with our waitress. My daughter had the bowtie shrimp alfredo and it tasted delightful. I tasted my husband fried oysters and it had a goo...mored consistency and the taste was awesome. Prices were not too high either. Would recommend to anyone. view less


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 27, 1993
|Filing date
|Oct 18, 1991
|Priority date
|Oct 18, 1991
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Amir Famili, Finn L. Marten, James F. Nangeroni
|Original Assignee
|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (10), Classifications (12), Legal Events (11)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to melt extrudable polyvinyl alcohol compositions which have desirable physical properties.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) is a water soluble, biodegradable resin with excellent aroma and oxygen barrier properties and resistance to most organic solvents. Other desirable attributes of PVOH include anti-static properties, grease and oil resistance and heat sealability. The polymer is used extensively in adhesive, textile sizing and paper coatings. However, the end uses of PVOH have been limited despite its excellent chemical, mechanical and physical properties to those uses in which it is supplied as a solution in water. This limitation is partly due to the fact that vinyl alcohol polymers in the unplasticized state have a high degree of crystallinity and show little or no thermoplasticity before the occurrence of decomposition which starts at about 170� C. and becomes pronounced at 200� C., which is below its crystalline melting point.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,222 discloses a method for making thermoplastic (melt extrudable) PVOH compositions which comprises providing sufficient energy to a PVOH which is at least partially crystalline to both melt the PVOH and substantially eliminate the crystallinity in the PVOH melt while simultaneously removing energy from the PVOH melt at a rate sufficient to avoid decomposition of the PVOH. The melt is then extruded, preferably into a strand, rapidly cooled and cut into pellets for subsequent thermoprocessing into the desired product or article.
As a result of the availability of such thermoplastic PVOH compositions, the desirable physical and mechanical properties of PVOH combined with thermoplasticity have opened new market opportunities for PVOH, especially in packaging applications where the contents must be dissolved or dispersed in water. Examples of such packaging applications for these PVOH materials include pesticides which are applied as a water spray, caustic cleaners or detergents which are dissolved during use, and process chemicals such as pigments, dyes or carbon black which are dissolved or dispersed in water. The advantages of using a water soluble film for packaging the above materials include the following:
elimination of human exposure to highly toxic or concentrated chemicals;
improvement in measuring accuracy; and
elimination of the need to clean and discard toxic chemical containers after use.
While there are water soluble PVOH films available for packaging these materials, they typically have at least one deficiency. First, the commercially available PVOH films lack the alkaline stability necessary for packaging caustic cleaning products. Normally, the partially hydrolyzed PVOH resin is used to produce a cold water soluble film for packaging alkaline products. However, the partially hydrolyzed PVOH in contact with alkaline materials will undergo further hydrolysis reaction to produce a fully hydrolyzed PVOH film. This fully hydrolyzed PVOH film becomes cold water insoluble due to an increase in the overall degree of hydrolysis. In addition, the fully hydrolyzed PVOH film is highly crystalline. This crystallinity causes the film to be more brittle and susceptible to cracking at low humidity which may result in an accidental spill of the chemicals if the package is broken.
A second drawback of PVOH resin is salt solution insolubility. The PVOH resin has a slower rate of solubility in salt water containing low levels of mono- or divalent salts and will precipitate out of solution at salt concentration over 10 wt %. This shortcoming limits the end use of PVOH packaging additives that need to be delivered to brackish media, as in the case of additives for oil drilling or related industries.
Many attempts have been reported in the literature to overcome some, but not all of the above mentioned shortcomings. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,441,547; 3,505,303 and 4,747,976 discuss modifications or copolymerization of PVOH to produce a pH stable product. Other approaches have been through the blending of PVOH with other water soluble polymers to overcome the shortcomings of PVOH resins. These approaches are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,850,741; 3,695,989; 4,692,494 and 4,481,326.
The present invention provides a PVOH composition containing a polymer comprising polymerized units of ethylene oxide (EO), especially a poly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol (PEO), which composition is readily melt extrudable and provides extruded articles demonstrating improved p stability and salt solution solubility. For purposes of this invention "PEO" is also meant to include any polymer containing at least 40 wt % polymerized EO units.
Also provided is a process for the production of such extrudable PVOH/PEO compositions in the form of essentially gel-free thermoplastic pellets useful for conventional thermoplastic processing.
The extrudable PVOH/PEO composition consists essentially of:
a) 5 to 95 wt % PVOH,
b) 5 to 95 wt % thermoplastic PEO; and
c) 1 to 30 wt % plasticizer, based on PVOH.
The extrudable PVOH/PEO composition is obtained by providing sufficient energy to a PVOH which is at least partially crystalline to both melt the PVOH and substantially eliminate the crystallinity in the PVOH melt while simultaneously removing energy from the PVOH melt at a rate sufficient to avoid decomposition of the PVOH melt. The melt is then extruded, preferably into a strand, rapidly cooled and cut into pellets, blended with the thermoplastic PEO and melt extruded, preferably into pellets for subsequent thermoprocessing into the desired product or article.
If the thermoplastic PEO is initially blended with a PVOH, a melt extrudable composition of the PVOH/PEO blend is obtained by providing sufficient energy to the PVOH/PEO blend both to melt the PVOH and the PEO and to substantially eliminate the PVOH crystallinity in the melt while simultaneously removing energy from the PVOH/PEO melt at a rate sufficient to avoid decomposition of the PVOH and the PEO. The melt is then processed directly into the desired product or article, or extruded into a strand, rapidly cooled and cut into pellets for subsequent thermoprocessing.
When the thermoplastic (melt extrudable) PVOH is prepared for subsequent blending and melt extruding with the PEO, the energy input utilized in this aspect of the process is at least about 0.27 KW hr/kg PVOH, and desirably less than 0.6 KW hr/kg PVOH, preferably 0.3 to 0.45 KW hr/kg PVOH. Additional energy is then required to melt extrude the PVOH/PEO blend. By separating the melt compounding from the shaping operation one can obtain an extrudable PVOH/PEO pellet that subsequently can be shaped into films, sheets, articles, especially bottles, and the like that exhibit little polymer decomposition or gels, and show improved pH stability and salt solution solubility.
According to the present invention, the necessary energy is added to melt the PVOH and the PEO, if present, and additional energy is added to shear the areas of PVOH crystallinity, while at the same time removing this shearing energy to prevent the melt temperature from exceeding the PVOH decomposition temperature. That is to say, the additional energy added to effect the shearing essentially passes through the resin melt eliminating the crystallinity and is removed by simultaneously cooling the melt, for example via the cooling jacket of the extruder.
The extruder requires intensive mixing elements to provide the requisite shearing energy. The shearing energy generated in a particular zone of the extruder should not be greater than that which can be removed by cooling; otherwise decomposition results.
In contrast to the very poor thermal stability of the precursor PEO resin which can lose its properties upon exposure to high temperatures for extended periods, the PVOH/PEO pellets produced are thermally stable and can withstand subsequent melt processing in conventional thermoplastic processing equipment, for example, a single screw extruder. The pellets can be thermoplastically processed (extruded) into essentially gel-free articles without decomposition because the equipment only has to melt the pellets (PVOH crystallinity having been greatly reduced) and generate sufficient pressure for the desired forming operation. These operations include, by way of example, extrusion, injection molding, thermoforming, injection blow molding, and tubular film blowing, all well-known in the art.
The PVOH/PEO composition is especially suitable for the production of water soluble containers. These containers can be produced by injection molding, blow molding, or profile extrusion, i.e. molding processes well-known in the art.
In addition, the PVOH/PEO composition can be used as a layer or layers in combination with other polymeric layers in multilayer films For example, the PVOH/PEO blend can be coextruded with one or more layers of polyolefin such as polyethylene. These multilayer structures are suitable for packaging applications. The manufacture of such multilayer structures, in particular films, is well-known in the art.
A preferred multilayer structure, especially a multilayer film, consists essentially of:
(1) a first layer of a partially hydrolyzed or a fully hydrolyzed thermoplastic PVOH, and
(2) a second layer of the melt extrudable PVOH/PEO blend according to the present invention.
Suitable PVOH's for use in the preparation of the extrudable PVOH/PEO composition and thermoplastic pellets include PVOH which is 75-99+ mole % hydrolyzed, preferably 85-98+ mole % hydrolyzed, and possesses a degree of polymerization (DPn) in the range of 200 to 2500, i.e., solution viscosities of 3 to 55 cps at 20� C. as a 4% aqueous solution. Copolymers of vinyl alcohol and methyl methacrylate consisting of 94-98 mole % vinyl alcohol and 2-6 wt % methyl methacrylate as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,689,469 are considered suitable equivalents to the vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate copolymer containing the same mole % acetate units. The PVOH may also contain up to 3-5 mole % of a copolymerized monomer.
The PVOH component of the PVOH/PEO composition preferably comprises 30 to 95 wt %, most desirably 40 to 75 wt %.
The thermoplastic PEO suitable for use in the present invention are those polymers comprising polymerized EO units with an average molecular weight from about 100,000 to about 2 million, preferably an average molecular weight between 100,000 and 500,000. Since conventional PEO's are prepared by reacting a base polyol or water with ethylene oxide, it is contemplated that including other alkylene oxides such as propylene or butylene oxide with the ethylene oxide to provide random or block copolymers is within the scope of the invention provided the resulting polymer contains at least 40 wt % ethylene oxide units. PEO's that are essentially homopolymers are preferred. Suitable thermoplastic PEO's are available from Union Carbide under the trademark "Polyox", such as Polyox WRSN-80, WRPA-3154 and WRPA-5769 which having melt temperature around 65� C. It is preferred to use about 5 to 70 wt % and most desirably 25 to 60 wt % of the thermoplastic PEO
A plasticizer is used to improve the flow characteristics of the PVOH. The plasticizer should be compatible with the PVOH and may be a polyhydric alcohol, most preferably glycerol, polyethylene glycol or other hydrophilic compounds known in the art to possess compatibility with the PVOH. Other plasticizers useful in the invention include hydrophilic plasticizers such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylol propane, mannitol, pentaerythritol or other polyhydric low molecular weight alcohols, block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, non-hydroxylic plasticizers such as aromatic amides and aromatic sulfonamides, and others known to those skilled in the art. The preferred plasticizers are those that have multiple hydroxyl functionality, i.e. polyols. The amount of the plasticizer or blends of plasticizers added to the composition ranges from 1 to 30 wt %, preferably 3 to 20 wt %, and most preferably 5 to 15 wt %, based on PVOH.
The thermal stability of the PVOH can further be improved through the addition of small amounts of a mineral acid, preferably phosphoric acid, to a high intensity mixer in which PVOH and plasticizer may be blended prior to extrusion.
The PVOH should either be low in residual ash (sodium acetate measured as Na2 O) or treated with the neutralizing mineral acid.
Optionally, but advantageously, a dispersing agent such as glycerol mono-oleate (GMO) is added during the mixing operation. The preferred range of GMO or other dispersing agents added during the high intensity mixing is 0.05 wt % to 1.0 wt %, or more preferred 0.1 to 0.5 wt %.
In addition, it will be understood that various additives such as fillers, pigments, stabilizers, other thermoplastic resins and the like may be added to the PVOH/PEO composition of this invention without departing from its scope.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,222, which is hereby incorporated by reference, teaches a method for making melt extrudable (thermoplastic) PVOH compositions suitable for use in the present invention. The method comprises providing sufficient energy to a PVOH which is at least partially crystalline to both melt the PVOH and substantially eliminate the crystallinity in the PVOH melt while simultaneously removing energy from the PVOH melt at a rate sufficient to avoid decomposition of the PVOH melt. The melt is then extruded, preferably into a strand, rapidly cooled and cut into pellets. Such thermoplastic pellets are marketed by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. under the trademark VINEX.
In the following description of the process for making a melt extrudable PVOH/PEO composition according to the invention, it will be understood that any reference to PVOH in preparing melt extrudable PVOH pellets (according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,222) for melt blending with the thermoplastic PEO would also apply to the direct preparation of the melt extrudable PVOH/PEO blend.
The PVOH/PEO compositions are prepared either directly by melt blending a PVOH composition containing plasticizer with a thermoplastic PEO in a high intensity extruder similarly to U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,222 or indirectly by first preparing melt extruded pellets of the plasticized PVOH blend in a suitable high intensity extruder according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,222, and then melt blending with the PEO to make pellets of the PVOH/PEO composition which then may be converted to the desired extruded article by an appropriate extruder.
The extruder used in the melt compounding of the PVOH, plasticizer, and optionally PEO, must be able to provide an energy input of at least about 0.27 KW hr/kg, preferably 0.35-0.45 Kw hr/kg, to the PVOH. The energy required to melt process the PEO from ambient temperature to the forming temperature is typically less than ˜0.08 KW hr/kg PEO. Since this amount is less than the energy requirements per kg of PVOH, minimal changes in the process conditions for PVOH are necessary. The energy input for melting the PVOH (and PEO) may be heat or mechanical energy but with most suitable extruders will be all mechanical energy as will be the shearing energy.
The upper, practical limit of energy input would be about 0.6 KW hr/kg because any energy beyond that necessary to melt the PVOH (and PEO if present) and to eliminate PVOH crystallinity must be removed as "waste energy". The more energy that passes through the PVOH and has to be removed the more inefficient the process. Approximately 0.1 to 0.15 KW hr/kg is required to melt (and heat) the PVOH and about 0.2 to 0.3 KW hr/kg is needed to shear the crystalline PVOH areas in the melt.
Further, the extruder must be capable of removing the excess energy input not required in the heating, melting and shearing of the PVOH resin. The excess energy is removed through the extruder barrel, extruder screw, or through the evaporation of plasticizer during the devolatilization step. Examples of suitable commercially available extruders include Werner and Pfleiderer twin screw extruders and kneader-extruders such as the Buss kneaders.
The first step in a preferred method (indirect) for making extrudable PVOH/PEO compositions involves the preparation of PVOH blended with a dispersing agent to produce a granular, free flowing mixture to be fed into a melt compounding extruder. The blend is prepared using a variable speed high intensity mixer equipped with a cooling jacket. PVOH is charged to the mixer and the temperature is allowed to rise to approximately 55.C before the glycerol mono-oleate is added to the mixing vessel. Next the liquid plasticizer (glycerol) is injected into the mixing chamber under pressure through a spray nozzle once 70.C is reached. The nozzle serves to atomize the plasticizer and eliminates lumping of the PVOH. During the addition of the plasticizer, both the cooling jacket temperature and the mixer speed are adjusted to maintain the temperature of the mix below 105.C, preferably near 95.C. Advantageously, the required amount of mineral acid, preferably phosphoric acid, is mixed with the plasticizer in a liquid blend.
Other solid or liquid additives, pigments, fillers or stabilizers can be added once the plasticizer addition is complete. The mixing action is continued until a free flowing homogeneous product is achieved. This is generally 4-10 minutes but can vary depending upon the addition rate of the glycerol and the Tg of the PVOH polymer. After a free flowing mix is produced, it is discharged into a cooling blender and the temperature reduced to 30.C. The product is ready for extrusion compounding.
Rather than performing a premixing step, it is more desirable to directly inject the plasticizer (glycerol), mineral acid (H3 PO4) and dispersing agent (glycerol mono-oleate) into the extruder at about the 3 diameter distance downstream from the feed location using the first diameters to heat up the PVOH. Thus, the additives are blended into the PVOH which is then quickly melted, sheared and extruded, avoiding a more prolonged exposure to high heat in a premixer.
The preferred extruder is capable of achieving a high level of mechanical energy input, uniformly distributed throughout the polymer. The mechanical energy input of the screw extruder can be quantified by measuring the specific energy. The specific energy input of a screw extruder is computed from the ratio of the electrical energy, in kilowatts (KW), of the screw mechanical drive to the throughput rate of the polymer (kg/hr). The preferred specific, or mechanical, energy input for the preparation of a homogeneous PVOH melt is greater than about 0.30 KW hr/kg. The extruder must also have cooling capabilities, most preferably jacketing in the barrel sections for heat transfer oil or water. The preferred temperature profile of the PVOH obtained in the different extruder zones is 150�-230� C. depending upon the grade of PVOH, most preferred 170�-220� C. Temperatures less than this result in the appearance of unmelted particles in the strands from the extruder outlet, while temperatures above this range increase the number of gels in the strand and promote degradation of the polymer at the barrel walls.
The PVOH pellets are blended with the PEO by conventional dry blending methods such as drum tumbling or ribbon blenders and then melt extruded, or simply melt blended with the PEO in a conventional single or twin screw extruder.
The PVOH/PEO compositions of the present invention in the following examples were prepared either by melt blending a PVOH composition containing plasticizer and phosphoric acid with PEO in a 46 mm reciprocating, rotating Buss kneader or by first preparing pellets of the melt extrudable PVOH blend containing the plasticizer and phosphoric acid in a suitable extruder and then melt blending with the PEO in single or twin screw extruders. The pellets of the PVOH/PEO composition were then converted to a single layer film by a single screw extruder equipped with a coathanger flat die having a 5.08 cm flat slit with a 20 mil gap. The temperatures along the barrel varied from 140� to 215� C. The extruded films were tested for various physical and mechanical properties.
Alkaline Resistance (accelerated test): The long term alkaline stability of PVOH/PEO blend films was measured by securing the film (15 mil; 3�4.5 cm) in the frame of a 35 mm format slide. The frame was then placed in a saturated aqueous NaCl solution (pH adjusted to about 12 with NaOH) for 2 and 4 hours simulating in 2 and 4 hours the effect of actual storage for one and two weeks, respectively, at 32� C. and 85% R.H. These films were then removed from the alkaline salt solution wiping off any solution adhering to the film. The wiped film was then placed in a beaker containing 200 ml of 35� C. water and agitated by a magnetic stirrer at a speed sufficient to result in a vortex. The time required for the breakup of the film and its complete dissolution was recorded.
Salt Stability: The salt stability of PVOH/PEO blend film was measured by securing the film (15 mil; 3�4.5 cm) to a 35 mm format slide. The film was then placed in a beaker containing 200 ml of an aqueous 10-15 wt % NaCl solution and agitated by a magnetic stirrer at a speed sufficient to result in a vortex. The time required for breakup of the film was recorded.
In the following examples all parts are parts by weight.
This Example demonstrates the simultaneous blending of PEO with PVOH while removing the crystallinity of PVOH through extrusion compounding with plasticizer.
Two blends of two different molecular weight PVOH's were made in a 400 liter high intensity mixer. The PVOH was loaded into the mixer and the mixer was started at high speed. When the blend material temperature reached 45� C., glycerol mono-oleate (GMO) was added as a dispersing agent to reduce lumping of the PVOH. At 50� C., glycerine blended with the appropriate amount of phosphoric acid (1:1 mole ratio with residual sodium acetate in the PVOH) was slowly added to the system until all was absorbed and the blend was free flowing. At this point, the material was discharged into a cooling blender to reduce the temperature to 30� C. Both blends were loaded into volumetric screw feeders and the feed rate of the product was calibrated as a function of the feeder speed. The blend compositions were:
______________________________________ AIRVOL AIRVOL 205a BLEND 523b BLEND______________________________________PVOH 113.6 kg 113.6 kgGLYCERINE 3.9 kg 3.9 kgGMO 0.12 kg 0.12 kgH3 PO4 (85%) 0.68 kg 0.24 kg______________________________________ a PVOH from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (87-89 mole % hydrolyzed; DPn = 550) b PVOH from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (87-89 mole % hydrolyzed; DPn = 1300)
A third volumetric feeder was loaded with POLYOX WSRN-80 resin (Union Carbide Corp.) and similarly calibrated. The Airvol 523 blend was fed into the feed throat of a Buss 46 mm kneader extruder 11 diameters long. The Airvol 205 blend and the POLYOX resin were fed into a downstream opening in the extruder located 3 diameters down the barrel. Liquid glycerine was pumped into two locations, the first location was located two diameters downstream from the feed throat while the second liquid feed port was located five diameters downstream. A gear pump discharge into a six hole strand die was used to shape the strands and control the back pressure on the extruder. The strands were cooled by passing them over a series of water chilled rolls and then were cut into pellets for subsequent processing. A total of four compositions were produced with relevant processing conditions shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________ COMP 1 COMP 2 COMP 3 COMP 4______________________________________205 Blend feed 14.6 13.9 13.1 12.1rate (kg/hr)523 Blend feed 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.0rate (kg/hr)POLYOX feed 1.1 2.2 3.4 4.5rate (kg/hr)1st glycerine port 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9feed rate (kg/hr)2nd glycerine port 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8feed rate (kg/hr)Screw Temp (�C.) 175 185 195 199Barrel Zone 1 Temp 190 185 195 204(�C.)Barrel Zone 2 Temp 150 170 185 184(�C.)Melt Pump Temp 185 195 204 205(�C.)Die Temp (�C.) 186 195 205 207Melt Temp (�C.) 210 212 212 215Screw Speed (RPM) 315 315 315 315Motor Load (KW) 7.5 6.5 6.0 5.7Die Pressure (kPa) 3,137 3,172 3,488 3,585Melt Flow 5.1 2.1 0.5 0.3230� C./2.16 Kg)Comments a b c d______________________________________ a Smooth strand; white color. b Rough surface on strand; some surging. c Higher surging; Rough strand. d Considerable surging; very rough strand
The four compositions from Example 1 were extrusion cast into a thin film by using a 1" (2.54 cm) Killion single crew extruder. The extruder screw was a 24:1 L/D with 3:1 compression ratio screw. The operating parameters are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2______________________________________ COMP 1 COMP 2 COMP 3 COMP 4______________________________________% PEO 5 10 15 20ZONE 1 (�C.) 200 200 205 205ZONE 2 (�C.) 205 205 205 205ZONE 3 (�C.) 205 205 205 205DIE ZONE (�C.) 205 205 205 205SCREW SPEED 55 55 71 72(RPM)DRIVE (AMPS) 6 4 6 4.5DIE PRESS 9860 9308 6895 6895(kPa)COMMENTS a b c d______________________________________ a Slightly hazy film, smooth. b Nice film, slightly more hazy. c Still more haze, start of grainy film. d Rough film with high haze.
This example shows the preparation of melt extrudable PVOH pellets identified in the following examples as Vinex� 2025 PVOH resin in which it is melt blended with thermoplastic PEO.
Ninety parts of Airvol 205 PVOH with an ash content of about 0.45% was introduced into a high intensity Littleford 180L mixer and the mixer started at 900 rpm. When the material temperature reached 65� C., a liquid mixture consisting of 9.0 parts of glycerol and 0.62 parts of 85% phosphoric acid was added to the mixture while simultaneously reducing the mixer speed to 450 rpm. Cooling water was added to the mixer jacket and controlled to maintain the product temperature below 100� C. at all times. After the glycerol addition was completed, the PVOH blend was mixed for five minutes until a free flowing blend was formed. The blend was then discharged into a Littleford 400L cooling mixer and the product temperature lowered to 40� C. The resulting mixture was free flowing and free of clumps or degraded material.
This blended PVOH composition was loaded into a volumetric feeder and fed into a 46 mm reciprocating, rotating Buss extruder. The screw was designed to achieve a high degree of mechanical energy input without product degradation. The extruder was a devolatilizing extruder, and a vacuum of 254 torr (10 in Hg) was applied at the vent port located at 7 diameters to remove any residual moisture in the polymer and acetic acid formed from the conversion of sodium acetate to disodium monohydrogen phosphate. The melt temperature of the polymer in the working zone of the extruder was maintained at the upper end of the polymer melting curve as indicated by a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Melt temperatures were measured at 183� C., 197� C., and 199� C. Typical operating conditions are listed in Table 3 below.
The product exited the extruder and was immediately cooled below its glass transition temperature to prevent product degradation and crystallization o the polymer that would lead to gel formation during subsequent thermoforming operations. The strands were cut in a conventional manner into pellets and collected.
TABLE 3______________________________________Screw Speed 300 RPMScrew Temperature 140� C.Barrel Temperatures1st zone 150� C.2nd zone 150� C.Production Rate 21.7 kg/hrMax. Melt Temp. 201� C.Screw Power 6.5 KWSpecific Energy Input 0.30 KW hr/kg______________________________________
The pellets produced were gel-free, smooth and had a straw color.
Pellets of Vinex™ 2025 PVOH prepared as in Example 3 were blended with powder form of POLYOX WRSN-80 PEO resin in the ratio of 90:10 and 80:20 PVOH:PEO. The pellets and powder were mixed in a closed container and were extrusion blended in a Haake twin screw extruder under the conditions shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4______________________________________ Blend C (10% PEO) Blend D (20% PEO)______________________________________Zone 1 (�C.) 185 185Zone 2 (�C.) 210 210Zone 3 (�C.) 165 165Die Temp (�C.) 160 160Melt Temp (�C.) 206 207Feed Rate 3.1 3.4(kg/hr)Torque (m-grams) 2050 2500Screw Speed 245 245(RPM)______________________________________
Both samples produces strands that were milky white and smooth.
Airvol 205 PVOH (9.07 kg) was placed in a 50 liter Henschel high intensity mixer and heated to 60� C. at high speed. GMO (45 g) was then added along with a blend of glycerol (1.37 kg) and phosphoric acid (79 g). The mixture was kept below 95� C. and blended until a free flowing powder was obtained. The PVOH blend was discharged into a low intensity ribbon blender cooler where 10.57 kg (50 wt %) Polyox WRSN-80 resin was added and blended.
The mixture was metered into a C. W. Brabender conical twin screw extruder with a volumetric accurate feeder. The extruder was water cooled and had three heating zones plus a die. The operating parameters are shown below in Table 5.
TABLE 5______________________________________Zone 1 (�C.) 145Zone 2 (�C.) 185Zone 3 (�C.) 165Die Temp (�C.) 180Melt Temp (�C.) 172Feed Rate (kg/hr) 2.7Torque (N-meters) 120Screw Speed (RPM) 60______________________________________
The strands were milky white and smooth.
Vinex 2019 resin (a thermoplastic PVOH consisting of 89.5% Airvol 205 PVOH, 0.5% GMO and 10% glycerol) was loaded into a volumetric screw feeder and the feed rate calibrated as a function of screw speed. A second volumetric feeder was loaded with Polyox WSRN-80 resin and similarly calibrated. The Vinex 2019 resin was fed downstream 3 diameters into a Buss 46 mm kneader extruder 11 diameters long. The Polyox resin was also fed into the downstream opening in the extruder. An atmospheric vent was located 7 diameters down the extruder to vent any residual moisture. A gear pump discharge into a 6 hole strand die was used to shape the strands and control the back pressure on the extruder. The strands were cooled by passing them over a series of water chilled rolls and then were cut into pellets for subsequent processing. The operating parameters are shown below in Table 6.
TABLE 6______________________________________Vinex 2019 (kg/hr) 9.1Polyox WSRN-80 (kg/hr) 9.1Screw Temp (�C.) 180Barrel Zone 1 Temp (�C.) 140Barrel Zone 2 Temp (�C.) 180Melt Pump Temp (�C.) 180Die Temp (�C.) 180Melt Temp (�C.) 179Screw Speed (RPM) 303Motor Load (kW) 4.25Die Pressure (kPa) 2206______________________________________
The extruded PVOH/PEO blends of Examples 5 and 6 were extrusion blown into a thin film by using a one inch (2.54 cm) Killion single screw extruder using the operating parameters shown below in Table 7. The extruder screw was 24:1 L/D with a 3:1 compression ratio.
TABLE 7______________________________________ Comp 7A Comp 7B______________________________________PVOH/PEO Blend Ex 5 Ex 6ZONE 1 (�C.) 185 185ZONE 2 (�C.) 180 205ZONE 3 (�C.) 175 200DIE ZONE (�C.) 175 195SCREW SPEED (RPM) 73 90DRIVE (AMPS) 11 10DIE PRESSURE (kPa) 21,375 14,961______________________________________
The films of each of Compositions 7A and 7B were milky white and smooth.
Samples of Vinex 2025 resin film and Example 7A film at 1.5 mil thickness were evaluated according to the alkaline resistance test. The times for breakup and dissolution are shown in Table 8. The results indicate that films of the PVOH/PEO blends can be used for packaging highly alkaline material without affecting the solubility of the PVOH.
TABLE 8______________________________________Film Breakup (sec) Total Sol. (min)______________________________________Vinex 2025 150 after 10 min large piece remained undissolvedExample 7A 60 3______________________________________
Films of Vinex 2019 resin and Example 7B resin at 15 mils were evaluated according to the salt stability test. The times for breakup of the films are shown in Table 9. The results indicate that films of the PVOH/PEO blend can be used as a carrier for delivering additives to salt water media where extruded PVOH film remains undissolved for long periods.
TABLE 9______________________________________Film Breakup (min)______________________________________Vinex 2019 180Example 7B 20______________________________________
The present invention provides an extrudable polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene oxide composition useful for packaging and handling applications.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 9, 1965
|May 28, 1968
|Kurashiki Rayon Co
|Polyvinyl alcohol plasticized with the reaction product of polyhydric alcohol and ethylene oxide
|Dec 30, 1966
|Apr 29, 1969
|Air Reduction
|Vinyl acetate-methyl butenol copolymers
|Dec 30, 1966
|Apr 7, 1970
|Air Reduction
|Water soluble modified polyvinyl alcohol films
|Feb 23, 1967
|May 5, 1970
|Sinclair Research Inc
|Polyvinyl alcohol plasticized with an alkanol amine salt of a polyalkylene glycol - esterified styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer
|Aug 12, 1970
|Oct 3, 1972
|Robert E Albert
|Cold water soluble foam plastic package
|Nov 25, 1974
|Dec 14, 1976
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Melt extrudable polyvinyl alcohol compositions
|Jul 26, 1983
|Nov 6, 1984
|Colgate Palmolive Company
|Water soluble films of polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl pyrrolidone
|Dec 10, 1984
|Jul 16, 1985
|Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
|Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol
|Jun 17, 1985
|Sep 9, 1986
|Lutzmann H Harald
|Enhanced barrier compositions from polyvinyl alcohol
|Aug 14, 1985
|Feb 3, 1987
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Polyvinyl alcohol based wax-free size composition
|Aug 13, 1981
|Sep 8, 1987
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Water soluble films of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid and packages comprising same
|May 14, 1987
|May 31, 1988
|The Clorox Company
|PVA films with nonhydrolyzable anionic comonomers for packaging detergents
|Sep 1, 1989
|Sep 24, 1991
|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
|Method for making extrudable polyvinyl alcohol compositions
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 28, 1992
|Nov 12, 1996
|Montell North America Inc.
|Polyolefin compositions and process for their preparation
|Apr 4, 1995
|Dec 24, 1996
|E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company
|Processing aid system for polyolefins
|Aug 15, 1996
|Jul 28, 1998
|Western Litho Plate & Supply Co.
|Photosensitive element having an overcoat which increases photo-speed and is substantially impermeable to oxygen
|Mar 7, 1997
|Sep 8, 1998
|Playtex Products, Inc.
|Polyvinyl alcohol compound
|Sep 6, 1996
|Sep 7, 1999
|Solplax Limited
|Biodegradable plastic material and a method for its manufacture
|Jun 19, 2000
|Jul 27, 2004
|Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
|Blends of poly (vinyl alcohol) and poly (ethylene oxide) and articles made therewith
|Jan 5, 2001
|Sep 21, 2004
|Arkwright Incorporated
|Methods for producing aqueous ink-jet recording media using hot-melt extrudable compositions and media produced therefrom
|Dec 16, 2010
|Feb 3, 2015
|Empire Technology Development Llc
|Melt processable poly (vinyl alcohol) blends and poly (vinyl alcohol) based membranes
|Dec 16, 2004
|Apr 5, 2007
|Reckitt Benckiser N.V.
|Process for making a pellet
|Jan 13, 2006
|Aug 21, 2008
|Peter Morris
|Pva-Containing Compositions
|U.S. Classification
|524/377, 524/803, 524/378, 524/503
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 18, 1991
Owner name: AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC. A CORPORATION
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|Aug 6, 1996
|Fee payment
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|Aug 1, 2000
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|Jul 31, 2009
Owner name: SEKISUI SPECIALTY CHEMICALS AMERICA, LLC, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CELANESE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION;CELANESE LTD.;CELANESE EMULSIONS GMBH;REEL/FRAME:023032/0401
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Experience designing/building fixtures, machining castings, and programming/setting up 4th Axis Rotary Tables preferred....
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Job Title Designer - Auburn Hills, MI Starting Date 6/27/2016 Location Auburn Hills Technical Center Your Responsibilities Autoliv is currently looking
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The health care specialist is primarily responsible for providing emergency medical treatment, limited primary care, and health protection and evacuation from
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CAD design of casting, extrusions, sheet metal racks, plastic cases including snap analysis, PCB, fastener, components and assemblies....
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Experience in film casting or extrusion processes. Work with an external toll-coating service to fine-tune film casting process....
Apr 14 - United States
Operations Manager
Position Title: Operations Manager
Reports To: General Manager
Location: BOS
Direct Reports: up to 40
Operation Size: 40 employees, ~13 departures daily
Salary: 40-45K Annual Depending on experience
Position Purpose:
Lead and direct all day-to-day operational activities at the Boston, MA station. Responsibilities include but are not limited to aircraft service for all Spirit Airlines flights at the BOS International Airport. Safety, security, training and compliance are the cornerstones of this operation and are critical requirements to achieving operational excellence. It is absolutely ...
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Procurement Manager
Overview: A.W. Chesterton Company seeks a Procurement Manager to lead our mechanical seals procurement team. You will lead a team that purchases components that go into our industry leading seals. The successful hire is committed to Continuous Improvement, and has led kaizens and other events with solid results. You will have a track record of improving inventory velocity, creating and ...
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Groveland - Everything else
Plastic molding, casting, lens assembly) , diffractive optical element manufacturing (e.g. Plastic optical lens manufacturing process, e.g. molding, compression...
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Sales Engineer
Prime Responsibilities and Major Factors in Evaluating Performance:1. Serves as point of contact for customers in matters concerning new and repeat business, working in conjunction with field and internal sales teams.2. Responsible for orders and pricing new and repeat orders for assigned territories, within established guidelines. 3. Provides technical information to customers regarding the ...
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De-molding and casting parts, when necessary. The Paint Technician is....
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Develop and execute strategic sourcing initiatives for raw materials (forgings, castings, bar stock, etc.), MRO products, equipment, and services across the...
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The QA Inspector primary responsibilities include 1st piece, in-process and final inspection on complex components. Performs inspection and quality control procedures with regard to purchased material, in-process material and finished products to assure that quality control standards and manufacturing specifications are achieved. Approves items within specifications and prepares ...
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Support both 2-D and 3-D designs, including Metal Casting and Injection Molded Plastic design. Manufacturing knowledge and experience a real advantage,...
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2016 Associate Engineer - Engineering Training Program
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Experience dealing with global suppliers producing plastic injection molding, brass castings, zinc die casting and stampings would be preferable. Sr....
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CMM / Mechanical Inspector
Our client, a leading medical device company, is currently seeking a driven and ambitious CMM / Mechanical Inspector to join their team. This is a unique opportunity for a highly motivated professional who has a go-getter attitude.
1) Examine mechanical units of industrial and commercial appliances and components to ensure proper quality and adherence to safety standards
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Knowledge of mold materials and plastic injection processes and proficient in solving casting. Process Engineer-Injection Molding-Global Faucets....
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News Details
Rosberg responds to Lewis
Nico Rosberg has rejected Lewis Hamilton's bombshell allegation that he confessed to causing their Belgian GP collision 'on purpose' and insisted he has a 'very different' version of events from Mercedes' post-race debrief - although refused to divulge what he did say.With the paddock already reverberating from the initial fallout from controversial clash between the title-chasing pair on the second lap of Sunday's Spa race – which Mercedes management publicly blamed Rosberg for causing – Hamilton caused further waves by revealing details to the written media of his team-mate's apparent confession when they came face-to-face to discuss the incident with Mercedes'...
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Fla.-based Palm Tran, Palm Beach County's public transportation agency, set fixed-route ridership records in fiscal year 2013, with a total annual ridership of 12,018,232.
The figure marks a 4% increase compared to the previous record total of 11,579,076 set last fiscal year.
This is the fifth consecutive year that fixed-route ridership has increased and the fourth consecutive year that new ridership records were set.
Fixed-route weekday ridership averaged 41,006 passengers for the fiscal year, breaking last year's record of 39,288. Palm Tran ridership over the past 10 years has increased by over 17,000 passenger trips per weekday and five million annual riders.
These ridership increases are system-wide and can be seen on most Palm Tran routes.
After this initial application, the new insights will drive the development of a mobile application specifically tailored for blind or visually impaired riders.
Through a competitive procurement process, the agency executed a contract with MCI in November 2015 to manufacture and deliver up to 1,219 commuter coaches.
Have you recently partnered with a solutions provider within the last year to implement a new innovation at your operation that has helped you save money, run more efficiently, streamline operations, improved customer satisfaction or increased ridership? Tell us what you did and how it has positively impacted your business.
The company will transport passengers on the ramp side of the airport between all terminals serving the airline. The contract also includes preventative maintenance.
Will present Champion Bus unit at Schetky booth at the Argentum Senior Living Executive Conference and Tradeshow (formerly ALFA) in Denver May 9 to 12.
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Home > News > Encoders for the Nanotech World
September 10th, 2010
Encoders for the Nanotech World
New encoder technology easily handles the measuring error due to guideway influences and thermal expansion, which at present can't be compensated by computation, and overcomes some major hurdles to accurate measurement in the nanometer world.
|Related News Press
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Never content to let anything just be, the Something Awful Forum Goons have turned their attention to downgrading the world around them. What does that mean exactly? Well, it means they've taken images covering everything from real life to movies, and subtracted a little bit of the magic. The end result is a depressing and distressing nightmare that will eat away at your soul for days to come, if not drive you to suicide. Unless of course you enjoy silly pictures, in which case you might enjoy it.
Phineas may or may not have made this image and started this theme. We will probably never know?????
Bloody Holly is hoping this image does well in New Hampshire.
By Bluecobra's logic, ugly is a step up from pretty????
I guess this is better than no escape. Wishing you all the best in 2008, Squish! Stay COOL!!
miss sagoon delivers this dire advisory!
Game of Thrones has mercilessly killed off characters over the years, but these lesser characters are still waiting to meet their fate.
What movies other than Rat Race could be improved by the surprising entrance of Smash Mouth?
Airbrush those disgusting wrinkles. Return their flesh to childlike purity.
day 2: still working on the car
Finally, an answer to the question: "what if Predator 2 starred Eric Roberts and was way stupider?"
Photoshop Phriday showcases the tremendous image manipulation talents of the Something Awful Forum Goons. Each week they tackle a new theme, parodying movies, video games, comics, history, and anything else you can think of. If you want in on the action, join us on the Something Awful Forums!
Copyright ©2016 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


text:
Good Day everyone and welcome to the final New Release stampset from Inspired By Stamping!
Today's card I have featured the new and fabulous set Plumerias which I have heat embossed with super fine gold embossing powder.
I absolutely adore this set and enjoyed experimenting with blending coloured pencils directly onto cardstock.
I just used water colour pencils but my usual method is to pick up colour with my aqua brush then paint onto the cardstock directly however I have coloured the image with very light touch with the pencils then blended it with my aqua brush.
This is the second time this week that I have used this method and I really like the feel and control I have over my colouring in doing this method.
The sentiment has also been heat embossed but on vellum cardstock as I didn't want to totally cover my floral image. To tie in the gold theme I have placed a strip of gold cardstock on the right side of the card followed by a black and white striped designer paper. I have placed 3 different coloured sequins on the card as an added element.
Hope you enjoyed today's card and I look forward to your comments.
Happy paper crafting peeps.
Hugs Jo
Hi All, who likes a fun stampset? I do, and that is what today's card is all about simple, fun and colourful.
I have added colour by ink blending distress inks direct to a white card base.
Before inking I heat embossed with white pearl embossing powder for an added sparkle and shine.
I love adding black and white stripes paper to a simple card for a bold contrast.
The sentiment has been stamped with Onyx black ink to go with the black and white striped designer paper.
To finish off the card I have added some small sequins scattered around the card.
Hope you enjoyed today's card.
Happy paper crafting peeps.
Hugs Jo
Hi All, first let me say how much I LOVE this stampset.
To be honest when I first saw this stampset I couldn't have been more excited. The first thought in my head was water colouring.
The technique I used today was direct water colouring pencil blending on cardstock. I worked the pencil colouring softly blending choosing my colours wisely so I didn't have to over work my aqua brush to prevent pilling as I stamped the image on non water coloured card stock.
This one layered card is rather simple and I let the stamp and colouring show case how to make this a "wow" card.
I have added some clear sequins to finish of the card.
Hope you enjoyed today's creation.
Happy paper crafting.
Hugs Jo
Hi everyone, this is my first blog post for the New Release and I am so excited to show you what it install over the next couple of days so make sure you come back and visit to check out the exciting new creation I have for you.
Today is all about the new sentiment stampset "You Are". This stampset is a FREE stampset with every $50 USD dollars spent on an order.
This versatile stampset is a must have in any sentiment collection and I know I will be coming back to this o a regular basis.
Today's card I have played with blending distress inks for the background card base. I mixed some perfect pearls in some water which I have flicked on the base to created some fun element to the card.
Free Stamp Of The Month
White heat embossing for the new release sentiment stampset make it pop against the black cardstock. I was able to chose from the large array of add on sentiments, I chose the word "amazing" as I have a particular friend of mine that I am going to give this to.
To finish the card off I have added some coloured sequins.
I hope you liked today's creation.
Happy Paper Crafting Peeps.
Hugs Jo


text:
April 14, 2013
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Customer Reviews
Read reviews for this product
Posted 3/18/2013 at 9:19 AM by Matt
I got this for my 15 year old, violin playing son who loved it. Its very realistic and is not cheap looking like I was afraid it would be. He loves it so much, when taking down the ornaments he asked to keep it in his room, which is where it still hangs!
Posted 3/11/2013 at 7:36 PM by Patricia
I bought this ornament for my granddaughter who just started taking violin lessons. It is awesome. Looks like a perfect miniature violin, totally authentic. The personalization was beautiful on the back! My granddaughter loved it! Would highly recommend for the violinist in your life.
Posted 3/11/2013 at 2:09 PM by Susan
Perfect in every way! Detailed & well made. Proud to give a gift.
Posted 2/28/2013 at 6:30 PM by Lori
Sending the same ornament to different places? If you order more than one of an item and want them shipped to different addresses, please order them individually. We will ask you for the individual shipping addresses later in the ordering process.
Violin Christmas Ornament
Personalized Christmas Ornament
Whether your violinist is attending the Suzuki Violin School or merely taking lessons, this replica appears ready to make music. You will love giving this personalized violin ornament to a musician who plays the violin in the school orchestra. With fine details, this wood violin ornament looks like a miniature version of the real thing and will be the perfect gift for a music teacher, violin teacher or student musician who is playing a violin solo in his or her first classical music concert.
Material: Wood
Ornaments shown on our site are personalized, as examples only, so you can see where we put the words/names you give us. Some ornaments allow you to select hair or uniform color. If there is no color choice, it is not available on that particular ornament. We will do everything possible to catch any mistakes in spelling, etc., but are not responsible if we do as you request, and it is then not correct. The ornament you see above is the way it will look when you get it, except for the personalizing instructions you give us and any optional attributes you select.
Read what our customers say about our Personalized Christmas Ornaments and their shopping experience!Hover over testimonials to stop scrolling
11/26/2015 - "I forgot to order an ornament so I emailed and got a free shipping code. I appreciated that. Love the ornaments. They are always a big hit. Angela G."
12/16/2015 - "I've totally enjoyed ordering from OrnamentShop.com this Christmas season. The ornaments are adorable and I have been very pleased with them! Anonymous"
4/20/2016 - "I've bought from OrnamentShop.com before and love their products and quality. Debra R."
11/21/2015 - "Found things there I couldn't find elsewhere. Kathy S."
11/19/2015 - "I was very pleased with the quick delivery time & the actual ornaments. Anonymous Respondent"
6/25/2015 - "Have gotten these ornaments for several years for my grandchildren. They look forward to them and actually ask if they are getting one each year, I have never been dissatisified. Mary B."
12/13/2015 - "Love giving these to my family each year. Holly S."
11/12/2015 - "I love their ornaments. Such a variety to pick from. I buy for my younger grandchildren, and my great grandchildren.Lorraine G."
9/10/2015 - "Everything done first class Anonymous Respondent"
1/13/2016 - "Thank you so much! The keepsake ornaments were perfect and delightful! Bridget B."