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Federal judge considers sanctioning Mostyn for bringing basele...MCALLEN - On Friday morning Houston attorney Steve Mostyn found himself 400 miles from home in the small border town of McAllen, forced to stand in front of a federal judge to explain why he shouldn't be sanctioned for bringing factually unsupported ... The Southeast Texas Record, 1 hour ago
Federal Judge Orders Steve Mostyn to Show Cause Hearing, Possible Rule 11 Sanctions - Texas Lawyer, 3 weeks ago
Judge Alvarez threatens to sanction another hail attorney - The Southeast Texas Record, 3 days ago
Meetings Podcast: Eric Udler, Founder of Super Pet Expo
Podcast: Play in new window | Download Subscribe: iTunes | Android | RSS Grass Shack Events and Media's Mike McAllen sits downwith the entertaining Eventprof Eric Udler, who loves producing public events. He founded and produces Super Pet ...Meetings Net, 1 day ago Meetings Podcast: Why KiKi LItalien Says Weird Is Better Corporate Meetings Incentives, 1 week ago Meetings Podcast: Donny Neufuss Says to Hire Attitude, Teach Aptitude Meetings Net, 2 weeks ago Meetings Podcast: Tyra Hilliard on Introverts, Turkish Tea, and Education Meetings Net, 3 weeks ago
Lucio Marketing on the Rise
Comments May 4, 2016 - Mcallen, TX Lucio Marketing has taken off like a rocket since its recent establishment in McAllen, TX. President Juan Lucio, established Lucio Marketing in early 2014 with the goal to oversee national campaigns throughout ...AndhraNews.net, 2 days ago LUCIO MARKETING : on the Rise 4 Traders, 2 days ago
Lucio Marketing on the Rise
Recent Market Articles 05/04/2016 10:00 AM ET 05/04/2016 5:30 AM ET 05/03/2016 10:43 AM ET MCALLEN, TX -- (Marketwired) -- 05/04/16 -- Lucio Marketing has taken off like a rocket since its recent establishment in McAllen, TX. President Juan ...Bloomberg, 2 days ago Walgreens Flu Index for Week of March 27, 2016 CNBC, 1 month ago - The Walgreens Flu Index Is A Weekly Report Developed To Provide State- And Market-specific Information Regarding Flu Activity, And Ranking Of Those Experiencing The Highest Incidences Of Influenza Across The Country. (Graphic: Business Wire) TheStreet.com, 1 month ago Walgreens Flu Index(TM) for Week of March 27, 2016 TradingCharts.com, 1 month ago
More from: Business Wire, CNBC...and 10 other sources
Thousands, including Dennis Rodman, expected at annual South Texas Comic Con in McAllen
Photo: Facebook/Twitter Image 1 of / 36 Caption Close Image 1 of 36 Tens of thousands of people attended the second annual South Texas Comic Con convention last weekend at the McAllen Convention Center. Tens of thousands ...MySanAntonio, 1 week ago Report: South Texas man arrested in prostitution sting has ties to Catholic Diocese MySanAntonio, 2 weeks ago Police: 12 men, 2 women arrested in South Texas prostitution sting MySanAntonio, 2 weeks ago
Valley residents urged to eat or dispose of remaining fruit on trees to avoid citrus disease
McALLEN — A few weeks ago, Anita De La Garza , 68, noticed an unusually large swarm of flying insects around her sour orange tree. Most years she gives away a few oranges to friends and the rest she tosses in the garbage. But as the end of the ...MySanAntonio, 6 days ago
Border abortion clinic awaits ruling
McALLEN — As patients arrived at the Rio Grande Valley's lone abortion clinic last week, they were greeted by two men standing outside: a security guard and a protester clutching a rosary and a sign reading, Pray to end abortion. Above them ...Austin American Statesman, 1 month ago Rio Grande Valley's lone abortion clinic awaits ruling Business Mirror, 1 month ago Without this Texas clinic, women with unwanted pregnancies would have to travel 230 miles or cross into Mexico LocalNews7.com, 1 month ago Inside the abortion clinic where no one whispers, no one shames Mashable, 2 months ago
City of McAllen loses more than $765,000 on holiday events
The city of McAllen has lost more than $765,000 on three holiday events in 2015. The Monitor (http://bit.ly/21ZQ9JB ) reports that the city budgeted $1.1 million for the Christmas parade, Christmas in the park and the stadium promotion, but ...Miami Herald, 1 month ago
10 suspected cartel members killed in Mexico border city
border from McAllen, Texas, Mexican authorities said. The Tamaulipas state government said the violence erupted early yesterday after soldiers, marines and police began the operation aimed at a drug cartel that operates in Reynosa. A state police official who ...Business Standard, 1 month ago Texas Border Town Spending Over $1 Million to Repair Mexican Side of Bridge Breitbart.com, 1 week ago 9 suspected cartel members die in Mexico gun battles Zambia Post, 1 month ago Cartel shootout kills 9 Castanet.net, 1 month ago
Irene Garza, John Feit: CBS 48 Hours Updates McAllen, Texas Beauty Queen Murder Case
Irene Garza, the McAllen, Texas, beauty queen who disappeared and was later found dead in a canal almost 60 years ago, is the subject matter of Saturday night's 48 Hours . The 48 Hours episode about Garza entitled, The Last Confession, is a repeat ...Inquisitr, 3 weeks ago Ex-priest accused in woman's death extradited AZCentral.com, 1 month ago CBS '48 Hours' Ex-Priest arrested in death of beauty queen from 1960 Examiner.com, 2 weeks ago Witness in 1960 murder case speaks out to "48 Hours" BNet, 3 weeks ago
Realtime News
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Dynamics processing specialist Jünger Audio will highlight the new T*AP TV audio processor at IBC2010.
Primarily designed for TV playout facilities, the T*AP TV audio processor provides loudness control, upmix and surround-sound processing for up to eight channels of audio.
The wide-band eight-channel processor (8 x 1, 4 x 2, or 6 + 2) focuses on automatic and adaptive loudness control using Jünger Audio's ITU-compliant Level Magic algorithm. Using Spectral Signature technology, it also offers dynamic equalization so sound can be colored much more easily than can be achieved with a traditional multiband sound processor.
Optional Dolby decoding and encoding (D, D+ or Pulse), as well as metadata management, are also provided along with 5.1 downmix and Jünger Audio's 5.1 UPMIX circuit.
Jünger Audio also will unveil a new GUI software application that shows loudness graphs and makes it easier to log loudness information.
See Jünger Audio at IBC Stand 2.C49.
Verizon Makes 'Last, Best Offer'
Amazon Praises FCC Set-Top Proposal
Upfronts Spotlight: The Top 10 Marketers on HGTV
Verizon Makes 'Last, Best Offer'
Virgin Media Adds FTTP to 'Project Lightning'
Rovi Delays Earnings Call, TiVo Shares Surge
BBC drama names acting head of drama
Arena launches 4K trucks with Grass Valley
OTT accounts for 42 per cent of TV time
Life as Art: 'Mapplethorpe: Look at the Pictures' Follows the Photographer's Gaze
Take a Tour of Sony's NAB Booth
This Profile Piece Just Might Inspire You to Leave Your Desk Job

subset: commoncrawl


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"I am interested in start up."
"I have over 10 years of experience in software development in large companies. I am looking for developing innovative products for consumer or enterprise."
"Co-Founders Lab profile: http://bit.ly/SQq2QX"
"Founder of Innovationist – we're a Seattle startup building the first-ever innovation management platform powered by creative AI. Beta launching fall 2016. "
"During the remarkable transformation of technology over the last 30 years, Robert has been known for his unique ability to put high-tech concepts into application...."
"I've been involved in two startups to date. I'm currently involved in a project involving BLE and the blood oxygen saturation data stream. This metric..."
"Ex Microsoft serial entrepreneur"
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Florida Business News
- Taxis suing Miami-Dade for $1 billion over new Uber law
Miami-Dade faces a $1 billion lawsuit by taxi companies over legalizing Uber, which plaintiffs say has ruined the value of taxi "medallions" they purchased years ago.
- Productivity in U.S. decreases for a second straight quarter
U.S. worker productivity decreased for a second straight quarter and employer costs for labor climbed by the most in more than a year.
Fracking at Florida's front door?
While a bill to allow fracking in Florida died in this year's legislative session, the issue is likely to return in 2017.
Vigilant Biosciences cleared to launch its oral cancer test across Europe
The Fort Lauderdale-based company that develops solutions that aid in the early detection and intervention of cancer can now market its product in the European Union.
SpaceX to launch Japanese satellite, attempt rocket landing
After the launch, SpaceX will try to land the first stage of its Falcon 9 on a drone ship off Florida's coast.
Florida Trend Video Pick
A video message from Tampa Bay Times chairman and CEO Paul Tash. The Times bought the Tampa Tribune on Tuesday.
Ballot Box
Will members of the GOP rally behind Trump, now that Ted Cruz is out?


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In Rudyard Kipling's story The Man Who Would Be King, two English chaps have a grand time pretending to be the rulers of a land called Kafiristan, until their hoax is revealed to the citizenry. One is then hurled to his death and the other barely escapes with his life to tell the tale.
Yes, the consequences can be harsh for pretensions to grandeur, which is good to keep in mind as we head toward the always fantastical Consumer Electronics Show, or CES, as many refer to it, which takes place the better part of this week in that land of make-believe called Las Vegas.
Certainly, the pretenders to computing's throne of a year ago have not all fared well.
A year ago, the rage was all about a revamped Motorola Mobility mmi 0.2798880447820872% Marcus & Millichap Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD25.08 0.07 0.2798880447820872% /Date(1461963724273-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 96666 AFTER HOURS USD25.0848 0.0048 0.019138755980861243% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 3030 P/E Ratio 14.75294117647059 Market Cap 942205457.033691 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 950421 More quote details and news » (ticker: MMI), which was early to market with a tablet computer based upon Google's (GOOG) Android software. Moto demo'd the Xoom tablet to great fanfare.
Also much celebrated was Motorola's chip supplier, Nvida nvda -1.850828729281768% NVIDIA Corp. U.S.: Nasdaq USD35.53 -0.67 -1.850828729281768% /Date(1461963600401-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 7958320 AFTER HOURS USD35.53 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 89242 P/E Ratio 32.898148148148145 Market Cap 19347825704.2859 Dividend Yield 1.2946805516464959% Rev. per Employee 542972 More quote details and news » (NVDA), whose Tegra processor produced plenty of plaudits.
Fast-forward and it turns out the Xoom, along with competing tablets from Hewlett-Packard HPQ -2.386634844868735% HP Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD12.27 -0.3 -2.386634844868735% /Date(1461963684012-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 12953180 AFTER HOURS USD12.47 0.2 1.6299918500407498% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 538753 P/E Ratio 5.899038461538462 Market Cap 21312205946.4734 Dividend Yield 4.0423797881010595% Rev. per Employee 306530 More quote details and news » (HPQ), Research in Motion (RIMM) and a raft of me-too operations, sold far fewer than expected. Samsung Electronics (005930.Korea) fared a little better with its Galaxy line of tablets, but that, too, paled in comparison to the warm reception for Apple's AAPL -1.1494252873563218% Apple Inc. U.S.: Nasdaq USD93.74 -1.09 -1.1494252873563218% /Date(1461967803958-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 67389787 AFTER HOURS USD93.7 -0.04 -0.042671218263281414% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1141641 P/E Ratio 10.427141268075639 Market Cap 513453789490.364 Dividend Yield 2.432259441007041% Rev. per Employee 2050050 More quote details and news » (AAPL) iPad.
And Nvidia's sales ended up disappointing the most bullish expectations for its chip.
Nvidia's shares are down 24.8% in the past year, to a recent price of $14.54. Motorola is up 17%, but only because the company got a buyout offer from Google at a premium.
Now, both Microsoft MSFT -0.06012024048096192% Microsoft Corp. U.S.: Nasdaq USD49.87 -0.03 -0.06012024048096192% /Date(1461965041000-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 47304066 AFTER HOURS USD49.81 -0.06 -0.120312813314618% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1107618 P/E Ratio 39.57936507936508 Market Cap 394436943265.82 Dividend Yield 2.887507519550832% Rev. per Employee 732415 More quote details and news » (MSFT) and Intel INTC -2.667952426872388% Intel Corp. U.S.: Nasdaq USD30.28 -0.83 -2.667952426872388% /Date(1461963600123-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 35612917 AFTER HOURS USD30.33 0.05 0.16512549537648613% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 830830 P/E Ratio 12.94017094017094 Market Cap 142842901852.463 Dividend Yield 3.4346103038309117% Rev. per Employee 524473 More quote details and news » (INTC), largely absent from the hubbub back then, each have a better story to tell at CES than they did a year ago.
A year ago, Intel didn't have much to talk about in regard to chips to drive smartphones and tablet computers. Well, it had chips for both, but no one seemed to be buying them.
And Microsoft had not yet announced its partnership with Nokia nok -0.8445945945945946% Nokia Corp. ADR U.S.: NYSE USD5.87 -0.05 -0.8445945945945946% /Date(1461963834724-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 13640566 AFTER HOURS USD5.86 -0.01 -0.17035775127768313% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 804899 P/E Ratio 8.68471667406421 Market Cap 34069714837.7626 Dividend Yield 2.6561328790459964% Rev. per Employee 247580 More quote details and news » (NOK) to sell smartphones running Microsoft's Windows Phone software, which meant that Microsoft had less than nothing to talk about.
Things are different now.
Microsoft's Windows 8 operating system will go on sale sometime this year, with a developer release expected in February. And Intel can look forward to the introduction of a new chip called Ivy Bridge, the first chip ever to use a "three-dimensional" kind of semiconductor transistor called tri-gate.
The two companies' stock returns are reflecting real optimism for the first time in a while.
In the 12 months since last year's party, Intel shares are up 21.6%, to a recent $25.25.
Microsoft's shares are down 3% in that time, at $28.11. But they are up almost 9% in the last nine months, better than the 5% return on the S&P 500, perhaps reflecting the anticipation of Windows 8.
THIS MAY BE MICROSOFT'S LAST chance to make a big splash at a CES. Chief Executive Steve Ballmer, who long has delivered a keynote at the show, has said this will be his last trip to the rostrum. Microsoft says that it has many events during the year that make the show somewhat ill-timed for its purposes. For example, the company's annual Build conference, held in the fall, is usually more important as far as announcements about Windows.
I almost wondered when I heard the news if this might also be Ballmer's swan song at Microsoft, given that he's been under fire for the stock's sluggish performance; it is flat in the past 10 years.
Not so, says longtime Microsoft watcher Fred Hickey, a Barron's Roundtable member and editor of the High Tech Strategist newsletter. Microsoft and Ballmer, he says, both have bright days ahead.
Next week's show probably will have tremendous buzz about Windows 8, and will also have lots of chatter about Windows 8 Phone, the next version of the company's software for smartphones.
"This is the version, actually, that the developers were really waiting for all along," says Hickey of Win Phone 8. The new software, which may come to market later this year, will have more hooks into Office 365, which is the version of Microsoft's applications that run on hosted computing facilities.
That means Windows 8-based phones might more easily connect to corporate e-mail servers running Microsoft's Exchange program, and programs such as SharePoint, its collaboration software. There's also Skype, the Internet voice and chat software, which Microsoft bought last year.
"This is huge," says Hickey, referring to the prospect that Microsoft this year will offer all of its code finally able to run across desktops, laptops, phones, servers and tablets.
We'll also learn a little bit more about Office 15, the next version of Microsoft's office productivity suite, he thinks.
Citigroup's Walter Pritchard, who maintains a Buy rating on Microsoft stock, wrote last week that one focus of the show will be seeing the new tablet designs that computer makers are cooking up tailored specifically for Windows 8.
The "breadth" of the hardware offerings at the show, thinks Pritchard, could boost investors' confidence that Microsoft is finally gaining traction in trying to break Apple's lock on tablet computing in general.
Intel's tri-gate technology won't be the focus of the company's presentation, but it will definitely get buzz, and it will probably get a mention from Intel's CEO, Paul Otellini, when he gives his keynote talk on Tuesday afternoon.
In general, the technology will help reinforce a sense that Intel's expertise in semiconductors can help it catch up in smartphones once the technology makes its way into mobile chips later this year.
Analyst Daniel Berenbaum with MKM Partners expects "a strong show from Intel in mobility (first viable phone products)," he wrote last week.
Likewise, Pritchard's colleague, Citi's chip analyst Glen Yeung wrote, "We are encouraged by the positive early reviews" of Intel's Medfield chip for mobile phones. He thinks Intel may talk up "design wins" next week. He's also looking for more detail about another mobile chip, "Silvermont," due out next year.
I'll be back next week to let you know if the emperors have any clothes.
All Aboard
Most Nasdaq sectors rose last week as the composite index climbed almost 3%. Still, the tech-heavy benchmark is almost flat with its reading a year ago.
Tiernan Ray can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or at blogs.barrons.com/techtraderdaily or www.twitter.com/barronstechblog


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Tech Tip
Invoking the cd utility by itself (that is, without any arguments) will change the current directory to the directory specified by the $HOME environment variable:
nick@nimble ~ $ cd /tmp/ nick@nimble /tmp $ cd nick@nimble ~ $
Invoking the cd utility with a single hyphen (-) argument will return you to the previous directory you were in.
If you accidentally issue a cd without any arguments, typing cd - is a convenient way of returning to the directory you came from—in essence functioning as an undo operation:
nick@nimble ~/a/long/path/to/some/files $ cd nick@nimble ~ $ cd - /home/nick/a/long/path/to/some/files $ nick@nimble ~/a/long/path/to/some/files $
Or, if you want to alternate between two directories, cd - makes this simple:
nick@nimble ~/path/to/some/files $ cd ~/another/path/to/some/files/ nick@nimble ~/another/path/to/some/files $ cd - /home/nick/path/to/some/files nick@nimble ~/path/to/some/files $ cd - /home/nick/another/path/to/some/files nick@nimble ~/another/path/to/some/files $
Tech Tip
Garmin is a popular brand of GPS devices. Unfortunately, Garmin makes its MapSource application only for Windows, not Linux. However, Wine runs MapSource, at least for Garmin GPS units that communicate via USB.
The following procedure is based on:
Fedora 8
The current Wine package (wine-0.9.56-1.fc8)
A Garmin Vista CX, with the standard USB cable
Install Wine (as root):
# yum install wine
Make sure that you can access the GPS device. For my installation, the device is /dev/ttyUSB0. I found this by examining /var/log/messages when attaching the device. Check the permissions of the device file, and make sure you have access to it, possibly by adding yourself to the group that owns the device. In my case, I had to add myself to the group uucp. Remember to log out and log back in if you add yourself to a new group.
Now, define the device in Wine. This is done as follows (do this using your normal login, not as root):
$ ln -s /dev/ttyUSB0 ~/.wine/dosdevices/com2
This will define the /dev/ttyUSB0 device as COM2 under Wine.
After that, you simply install the software on the Garmin CD. For example, for City Navigator NT (Europe), using your normal login, do the following:
$ cd /media/CNEURNTV9 $ wine ./Setup.exe
At the end, don't opt to start the program directly. Start it afterward via the command line:
$ wine ~/.wine/drive_c/Garmin/MapSource.exe
Using this procedure, I am able to unlock maps, make routes, upload and download from the GPS unit (via USB) and do software updates.
For more information, see my Web page: www.peterverthez.net/gps/garmin-linux.html.
Tech Tip
When you are hunting for a configuration problem with services like Apache and MySQL, you may have to execute a sequence of commands repeatedly, such as:
/etc/init.d/apache stop /etc/init.d/mysql stop /etc/init.d/mysql start /etc/init.d/apache start
You can create a script to do this, or you can put all the commands on one line separated by semicolons:
/etc/init.d/apache stop; /etc/init.d/mysql stop; \ /etc/init.d/mysql start; /etc/init.d/apache start
However, as you do other things, you sometimes lose "quick" access to the command line in the shell history. To avoid this, "tag" the line with a comment that will make it easy to find:
/etc/init.d/apache stop; /etc/init.d/mysql stop; \ /etc/init.d/mysql start; /etc/init.d/apache start; #apmy
Now, to recall the command, simply do Ctrl-R + apmy, and you should have the command, as long as you've chosen your "tags" wisely.
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In modern computer systems, privacy and security are mandatory. However, connections from the outside over public networks automatically imply risks. One easily available solution to avoid eavesdroppers' attempts is SSH. But, its wide adoption during the past 21 years has made it a target for attackers, so hardening your system properly is a must.
Additionally, in highly regulated markets, you must comply with specific operational requirements, proving that you conform to standards and even that you have included new mandatory authentication methods, such as two-factor authentication. In this ebook, I discuss SSH and how to configure and manage it to guarantee that your network is safe, your data is secure and that you comply with relevant regulations.Get the Guide


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Changing The Water
Written by Katherine Barrington
Tips to make changing the water easier.
If you set up you aquarium properly in the first place, you shouldn't have to worry about doing any large-scale cleaning. You will, however, need to change the water in your tank on a regular basis to remove chemicals and heavy metals, replacing it with fresh, clean water. Changing the water in the fish tank is a maintenance chore that, when done correctly and often, improves the quality of living for the fish in your tank. Even with the most efficient and sophisticated filtration systems set up, nothing works better that changing the tank water.
One of the most important functions a water change serves is to remove accumulated toxins and chemicals from the tank water. If the nitrogen cycle has been properly established in your tank, there should be sufficient beneficial bacteria present to convert toxins like ammonia into less harmful substances like nitrate. There is no way to remove nitrate from the tank, however, without performing a water change. In addition to removing harmful chemicals from your tank water, water changes also help to remove debris like waste and uneaten fish food – if left in the tank, these substances could contribute to a decline in water quality. In this article you will learn the basics about performing water changes in your aquarium.
How Often and How Much Water to Change?
During the early days of the aquarium hobby, fish tank enthusiasts might empty the entire tank and perform a large-scale cleaning once a month. This method is now known to be unhealthy, however, because it results in the re-cycling of the tank which can be very stressful for fish. Not only is it a bad idea to change such a large proportion of the tank water at one time, but waiting so long to perform the change can also be detrimental. Experienced aquarium hobbyists now agree that it makes better sense to change a little bit of tank water as often as possible.
During the early days of the aquarium hobby, fish tank enthusiasts might empty the entire tank and perform a large-scale cleaning once a month. This method is now known to be unhealthy, however, because it results in the re-cycling of the tank which can be very stressful for fish. Not only is it a bad idea to change such a large proportion of the tank water at one time, but waiting so long to perform the change can also be detrimental. Experienced aquarium hobbyists now agree that it makes better sense to change a little bit of tank water as often as possible.
Try to schedule a water change every two weeks at a minimum – ideally, however, you should be changing a portion of your tank water once a week. If changing the water every two weeks, go for a 20% tank change each time. If you are able to perform weekly water changes, however, you may only need to change 10% to 15% of the tank water. When performing water changes, make sure to use an aquarium gravel vacuum and bury the head in the substrate – this ensures that the water you remove from the tank is the water that contains accumulated debris and toxins. When it comes time to refill the tank, make sure the water you use has been treated with a water purifier and that the temperature matches the temperature in the tank.
Using the Water Changer Hose by Flickr user Robert Howie
Tips to Make Changing the Water Easier
- If your tank is very small, it may not be practical to use a gravel vacuum because it could remove too much water at once. Rather, use a cup to scoop the water out of the tank. You will still need to siphon the tank occasionally, but use a small tube.
- Make your water changes easier by purchasing a battery operated siphon. Traditional siphons are not difficult to use, however, since they use gravity to pull the water out of the tank and into a bucket.
- When siphoning, take the water from the bottom of the tank to remove as much mulm as possible as well. Rake through the gravel bed before siphoning to release the mulm in the sand. Pick up any large pieces of debris that could clog the siphon hose.
- For reef systems you can setup "automatic" water changes coming out of the sump pump.
- Don't forget to condition any new water before adding it to the tank. Just like you needed to condition the water before putting it in the tank in the first place, you'll need to watch the chlorine and chloramines levels before adding new water to the tank on a routine basis. Let the water stand for 24 hours and treat with conditioner.
- Check the pH level of the water before adding it to the tank. Wait 5-10 minutes before testing the pH level of the water (not a problem since you should for the chlorine and chloramines levels to settle). Consider buffering the new water so that the pH is close to the tank water's pH. This article talks more about tank water chemistry in general.
- Get the new water to the same temperature and salinity (for saltwater tanks) before replacing the water. Many fish hobbyists prepare the new water a day before changing the tank water.
- Do not change too much water at a time. Unless conducting an "emergency" water change, limit the water change to 20% of the total volume. Otherwise, you risk stressing the fish with the abrupt water change.
- Turn the power off to the aquarium and clean your hands of any contaminants (including soap) that could harm the fish.
While it is essential to have a high-quality filtration system installed in your aquarium, performing routine water changes may be the most important task you need to perform on a regular basis. Your filter can only do so much to remove solid and dissolved wastes from your tank water and your filter media will become less effective over time. The best way to truly remove harmful substances from your tank is to remove and replace small portions of tank water on a weekly basis. If you work this task into your weekly routine you will find that it doesn't take much time at all but it makes a big difference for your fish and for your tank.
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