text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 30, 2011
|Priority date
|Jan 29, 2009
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Axel Krause
|Original Assignee
|Brusa Elektronik Ag
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (54), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (15), Classifications (20), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims benefit of priority to prior U.S. provisional application No. 61/228,141 filed on Jul. 23, 2009, as a non-provisional thereof; the present application also claims benefit as a continuation of PCT International Application No. PCT/IB2010/050401 filed on Jan. 29, 2010; parent PCT International Application No. PCT/IB2010/050401 claims benefit of priority to Swiss national applications no. CH-01059/09 filed on Jul. 8, 2009, and CH-00136/09 filed on Jan. 29, 2009; parent PCT International Application No. PCT/IB2010/050401 also claims benefit of priority to prior U.S. provisional application No. 61/148,377 filed on Jan. 29 2009, as a non-provisional thereof; all of these prior applications, U.S. 61/228,141, PCT/IB2010/050401, Swiss 01059/09, Swiss 00136/09, and U.S. 61/148,377 are all incorporated herein by reference in their respective entireties, for all intents and purposes, each as if fully set forth identically herein.
The invention relates to a DC/DC converter having a plurality of two-pole inverters connected in parallel or in series, just as many transformers and just as many two-pole rectifiers connected in parallel or in series. One inverter is connected to a primary side of one transformer and one rectifier is connected to a secondary side of one transformer. Furthermore, the inverters are connected to a control which is provided for frequency-synchronous actuation of the inverters, with a 180°/n phase shaft, with the aid of a control signal, n indicating the number of transformers. In addition, the invention relates to an AC/DC converter.
A DC/DC converter (also "direct current chopper") converts a constant input voltage by periodic switching so that a different arithmetic mean voltage value is produced at the output. The basic types are step-down converter (output voltage lower than the input voltage), step-up converter (output voltage higher than the input voltage) and inverter (output voltage has a negative sign compared with the input voltage).
An AC/DC converter converts an input AC voltage into an output DC voltage, the DC voltage as a rule differing from the effective value of the AC voltage. AC/DC converters in the form of power units which, for example, permit the supply of electronic devices on an AC voltage network are widely used. In addition, AC/DC converters in the form of rectifiers are encountered.
DE 100 51 156 A1, which describes a converter circuit for medium-frequency transformational energy transmission by means of a transformer connected on the primary side and secondary side to power electronic rectifiers, is mentioned as a further example of a converter. At least two rectifiers controllable independently of one another and connected to in each case a partial winding of a single-core transformer are synchronized alternately, whereby they produce either bipolar voltage pulses in succession or monopolar voltage pulses of opposite polarity alternately, in order to increase, for example, the power density of the transformer.
EP 1 227 571 A2 furthermore discloses a DC/DC converter having converter parts, transformers and rectifier parts. Two sets of converter parts comprise two pairs of first switching elements and two further pairs of second switching elements, which are connected in a full bridge configuration. Series capacitors are arranged between the converter parts and the transformers. The switching points of the first switching elements are phase-shifted by a ⅓ n period relative to the switching points of the second switching elements. The switching points of the switching elements of the converter parts on the other hand are phase-shifted by ˝ n periods relative to one another.
Finally, EP 1 391 982 A2 discloses a circuit comprising a pair of converter circuit parts for converting a supply voltage of a DC voltage source into an AC voltage. This is effected by two pairs of switching elements in full bridge configuration, which are arranged parallel to the DC voltage source and rectifier part and are led via transformers to the outputs of each converter circuit part. Series capacitors are arranged as a smoothing unit between the converter circuit parts and the transformers. The secondary sides of the transformers of a rectifier part of each of these smoothing units are connected in series in N groups of smoothing units. Furthermore, the secondary sides of the other rectifier parts are also connected in series in the N groups of smoothing units.
DC/DC converters are to be found in almost all areas of industry, for example in the automotive industry, if the on-board voltage of typically 12 volt is to be converted into a different DC voltage, in battery-operated devices, if the battery or accumulator voltage is not the same as the voltage required by the electronic circuit, or in electrical drive technology.
Not least, DC/DC converters are also used in combination with an AC/DC stage, an AC voltage (in Europe typically 230 V AC) being converted into an intermediate circuit voltage (DC voltage) and this intermediate circuit voltage, which often cannot be generated as high or as low as desired, then being brought to a desired level by a DC/DC converter.
An important field of use of AC/DC converters is, inter alia, also the charging of batteries or accumulators at the power supply, which is becoming increasingly important owing to the continuously increasing mobility of people and the associated operation of mobile electrical and electronic devices. Not least, electrically driven motor vehicles also set completely new requirements with regard to battery chargers, since on the one hand the charging should be possible both at the single-phase power supply (customary in the household), owing to the greater power density and hence faster charging, but on the other hand also at the three-phase power supply. Associated therewith are differences in the mains voltage (in Europe 230 V AC in the single-phase power supply and 400 V AC in the three-phase power supply) which—because in fact the battery voltage is constant—must be taken into account in the circuit technology. Furthermore, a comparatively high energy content (which in the end determines the range of the vehicle) should be transferred in as short a time as possible from the power supply to the battery.
The power of the DC/DC converters and/or AC/DC converters, which in some cases is considerable, unfortunately often leads in the case of a conventional design to comparatively high power ripples on the load (e.g. battery). However, the feedbacks to the supply side, i.e. for example into the supplying power network, can also be problematic. Such feedbacks may occur, for example, in the case of transient processes which are due, for example, to switching processes or nonlinear consumers, in particular to components of the power electronics, such as, for example, transistors and thyristors.
It is an object of the invention to provide a DC/DC converter and/or AC/DC converter in which power ripples on a load connected to the converter and/or supply-side feedbacks are reduced.
Accordingly, a DC/DC converter according to the invention and of the type mentioned at the outset additionally comprises the feature that leakage inductances of the transformers, with capacitors of the inverters and/or capacitors of the rectifiers, form in each case a resonating circuit whose resonant frequency is substantially twice as large as a clock frequency of the control signal.
Accordingly, an AC/DC converter according to the invention comprises a DC/DC converter according to the invention which has an AC/DC stage on the supply side.
By means of this circuit—as will be shown later—power ripples on the load and/or supply-side feedbacks (e.g. mains feedbacks) are effectively reduced. The converters according to the invention are therefore suitable in particular for the purposes mentioned at the outset, but their use is by no means limited to these areas. Owing to the reduced mains feedbacks, in particular very powerful battery chargers (e.g. for electric vehicles) can thus be realized, in which power ripples on the load are at least reduced—if not avoided—and the specifications of the power supply companies with regard to the maximum mains feedbacks are fulfilled.
According to the invention, sinusoidal AC voltages which are superposed on a DC voltage and are phase-shifted by 180° result at the capacitors. This has the advantage that the switching of the rectifier or inverter takes place at the crossover of the current, which practically eliminates the switching losses and reduces the electromagnetic disturbances to a minimum. In the case of series connection of the inverters or rectifiers, the phase-shifted AC voltages compensate one another, resulting in a practically ripple-free DC voltage. The term "substantially" is defined in this context by that level of an AC voltage superposed on the DC voltage which is tolerable in terms of engineering. If the leakage inductance of the transformers is too small, it can of course be increased to the desired value by an additional coil in series with the primary and secondary winding.
For resonance, the parallel connection of the leakage inductance and main inductance of the transformers is decisive. Since the main inductance is however about 100 times greater than the leakage inductance in most applications, the main inductance acting in parallel with the leakage inductance is generally negligible in practice. If, however, the actual ratios differ decisively from those described above, it may, however, also be appropriate to take into account the main inductance.
Furthermore, it should be pointed out that a "converter" in the context of the disclosure may be understood as meaning a rectifier, an inverter or a bidirectional converter. A "rectifying element" may be understood, for example, as meaning a diode, a transistor (e.g. an MOSFET or an IGBT), a thyristor or another rectifying element. Furthermore a "switching element" may be understood, for example, as meaning a transistor (e.g. once again an MOSFET or an IGBT), a thyristor or another switching element. Accordingly, there are passive rectifiers, active rectifiers or active inverters. Finally, "batteries" are to be understood as meaning chargeable batteries, accumulators or other power-storing media.
Advantageous configurations, versions, and further developments of the invention shall be understood from the following description and drawings.
It is advantageous if the DC/DC converter has two inverters, two transformers and two rectifiers, since this gives a comparatively simple design.
It is also advantageous if the transformers have separate cores since in this way mutual influencing thereof can be more or less ruled out.
It is advantageous if one capacitor each is connected in parallel to one inverter each and/or one capacitor each is connected in parallel to one rectifier each. In this way, power ripples and/or feedbacks to the supply side can be particularly readily reduced since the already comparatively smooth DC voltage is further smoothed.
It is furthermore advantageous if a common capacitor is connected in parallel to the inverters and/or a common capacitor is connected in parallel to the rectifiers. This variant of the invention, too, ensures a particularly good reduction of power ripples and/or feedbacks to the supply side, but the number of capacitors is reduced in this variant. The circuit is therefore technically simpler as a whole.
It is advantageous if one rectifying element is connected antiparallel to one switching element each of an inverter and one switching element is connected antiparallel to one rectifying element each of a rectifier. The DC/DC converter can then convert electrical energy not only in one direction but also in the opposite direction and in principle therefore permits bidirectional operation. Suitable switching elements are, for example, components from power electronics, in particular transistors or thyristors. The abovementioned converters, i.e. passive rectifiers, active rectifiers or active inverters, can therefore also be used in any desired combination, i.e. for example a passive rectifier combined with an active inverter.
It is also advantageous if the control signal is a square-wave signal. This signal can easily be generated and is therefore particularly suitable for the DC/DC converter according to the invention. A symmetrical square-wave signal, i.e. a square-wave signal with 50% pulse duty factor, is particularly advantageous. The use of other signal shapes, for example delta or sine shapes, is, however, not ruled out thereby.
It is furthermore advantageous if the inverters and/or the rectifiers are connected in parallel or can be connected in parallel and coils are arranged between the inverters and/or the rectifiers. In this way, in spite of the parallel connection, the resonating circuits described above are enabled to oscillate in phase opposition with their resonant frequency, so that, with retention of the mode of operation described above, the direct currents sum but the ripple currents subtract at the common connection of the two coils. In this way, a compensation of the voltage ripple can be achieved even when the inverters and/or the rectifiers are connected in each case in parallel on both sides of the transformers.
In the case of the parallel connection mentioned, it is advantageous if the coils are coupled. In this way, the size of the coils can be substantially reduced. The two coupled coils may furthermore be considered as a transformer or may be a part thereof. If a transformer is provided, then advantageously only one component is required for compensating the voltage ripple, instead of two components. Furthermore, the use of the transformer gives rise to energy advantages compared with separate coils. In a further advantageous configuration of the invention, an autotransformer is provided for this purpose.
Finally, it is advantageous if the AC/DC converter is provided for bidirectional operation by a combination of a rectifier with an antiparallel inverter and vice versa (in this case also in the AC/DC stage). This can optimally be used, for example, in the solar power sector in that, in the case of sunlight and an excess of direct current, electric power firstly can be stored in batteries but secondly can also be delivered to the alternating current mains. If darkness then coincides with a demand for alternating current, firstly alternating current can be taken from the mains (if the mains is capable of delivering) and secondly current from the batteries can be converted into alternating current and hence serve the installation as an AC voltage source. Furthermore, an electric vehicle (not used for travelling) with its battery can accordingly be operated as a power buffer for an alternating current mains.
It should be made clear here that the invention relates not only to converters for battery chargers but to converters generally. Moreover, the battery chargers relate not simply to applications in motor vehicle construction or in solar technology but generally to battery chargers. The person skilled in the art will easily establish here the suitability of the invention also for other fields of use.
The above configurations and further developments of the invention can be combined in any desired manner.
The present invention is illustrated in more detail below with reference to the working examples shown in the schematic figures of the drawing.
In the figures of the drawing, identical and similar parts are provided with identical reference numerals, and elements and features having a similar function are provided—unless stated otherwise—with identical reference numerals but different indices.
In the drawing, the inverters 2 a, 2 b are connected in series on the primary side but the rectifiers 3 a, 3 b are connected in parallel. However, all 4 combinations of series and parallel connection are conceivable, i.e. for example two parallel inverters 2 a, 2 b and two parallel rectifiers 3 a, 3 b. If the inverters 2 a, 2 b, too, are connected in parallel, one capacitor can be provided for both inverters 2 a, 2 b instead of the capacitors C1 and C2.
The DC/DC converter 1 is moreover provided for bidirectional operation, i.e. can set the output voltage on the load side or, in the case of inverse operation, the intermediate circuit voltage to any desired level. For this purpose, in each case an inverter 2 a, 2 b is equipped with an antiparallel rectifier stage and in each case a rectifier 3 a, 3 b is equipped with an antiparallel inverter stage. Although this is advantageous for the operation of the DC/DC converter, it is by no means essential.
The AC/DC stage 5 is of a particular design in that three coils coupled in the same sense are connected to a converter on the supply side or mains side, one of the coils being formed by two partial coils. A switch (two-pole relay) connects the partial coils so that they are connected in parallel in the case of a three-phase mains connection and in series in the case of single-phase operation, the "remaining" connection at the three-phase converter in the case of single-phase operation being connected to the base of the converter via the partial coils connected in series and a capacitor. In this example, the capacitor is formed from five parallel partial capacitors.
Finally, it should be noted that, although only two transformers Ta and Tb with converters connected thereto are shown in
The function of the DC/DC converter shown in
The two inverter stages 2 a, 2 b are frequency-synchronous but operated with symmetrical square-wave voltage with 90° offset. If more than two transformers Ta and Tb with converters connected thereto are used, then the phase shift should be appropriately adapted. Accordingly, it is particularly advantageous if n transformers are actuated with signals which are in each case phase-shifted by 180°/n relative to one another.
The leakage inductances LS1, LS2 of the transformers Ta and Tb, together with the capacitors C1 and C2, in each case form a resonating circuit. If its resonant frequency is precisely twice as great as the clock frequency, sinusoidal AC voltages which are superposed on the DC voltage and are phase-shifted by 180° result at C1 and C2. These phase-shifted AC voltages compensate one another through the series connection of the inverters 2 a, 2 b, resulting in a practically ripple-free DC voltage on the load side.
In addition, the resonant operation ensures that the transistors of the inverter stage 2 a and 2 b (MOSFETs in the example shown) are switched on and off virtually without current, which reduces losses and substantially avoids HF interference. Owing to the moderate rate of change of current in the transformer windings, parasitic loss effects (eddy currents, skin and proximity effects or the like) are likewise reduced.
In the example shown, it is assumed that the battery voltage is lower than the mains or intermediate circuit voltage. With this precondition, there are some advantages of the circuit shown. Because the resonance capacitors C1 and C2 are arranged on the side of higher voltage (i.e. in this case the mains side), they exhibit a lower loss and have a higher energy density. Furthermore, the series connection of the two converters on the high voltage side permits the use of switches (diodes in the specific case here) with smaller losses.
Finally, it should be noted that the AC/DC stage 5 shown in
Instead of an AC/DC stage, a DC/DC stage 7 is moreover provided in this example, which DC/DC stage is in this variant in the form of a bidirectional step-up/step-down converter. In this way, a constant output voltage can be produced over a wide range of the DC input voltage. Of course, other designs are also conceivable. Finally, a filter 4″ (in this case a high-voltage filter) is arranged on the mains side. The circuit shown in
The manner in which an AC voltage superposed on the DC voltage in the case of series connection of the rectifiers 2 a, 2 b at a load RL can be eliminated, i.e. a virtually ripple-free DC voltage can be achieved on the load side, was shown in
In principle, the coils L1 and L2 are required only when both the converters 2 a and 2 b as well as 3 a and 3 b are connected in parallel. If the converters 2 a, 2 b, 3 a, 3 b are connected in series on one side of the transformers Ta and Tb, the coils L1 and L2 can be dispensed with. The following picture therefore results: without the aid of coils L1 and L2, the converters 2 a, 2 b, 3 a, 3 b can be connected on both sides of the transformers Ta and Tb in series/in series, in series/parallel or parallel/in series. With the coils L1 and L2, parallel/parallel connection can also be effected, so that, here too, the advantages of the ripple compensation and of switching in current crossover result.
The principle shown can of course also be extended to include more than two inverters 2 a and 2 b connected in parallel. An appropriate number of coils or transformers with an appropriate number of windings should be provided for this purpose. In the case of three inverters connected in parallel, for example, a transformer having three coils in a star connection should therefore be provided in
Finally, it should be noted that the variants shown represent only a section of the many possibilities for a DC/DC converter according to the invention and may not be used for limiting the range of use of the invention. It should be straightforward for the person skilled in the art to adapt the invention to his needs on the basis of the considerations described here, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention. Accordingly, the techniques and structures described and illustrated herein should be understood to be illustrative only and not limiting upon the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, including known equivalents and unforeseeable equivalents at the time of filing of this application.
1, 1′ DC/DC converter
2 a, 2 b, 2 a′, 2 b′ Inverter
3 a, 3 b, 3 a′, 3 b′ Rectifier
4, 4′, 4″ Filter
5 AC/DC stage
6 AC/DC converter
7 DC/DC stage
8 DC/DC converter arrangement
C1, C2, C3, C4 Capacitor
LS1, LS2 Leakage inductances
L1, L2 Coils
RL Load resistance
Ta, Tb, Ta′, Tb′, Tc Transformer
UAC1, UAC2 AC voltages
UDC, UDC1, UDC2 DC voltages
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|U.S. Classification
|363/17, 363/132, 363/98, 363/71
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 15, 2011
Owner name: BRUSA ELEKTRONIK AG, SWITZERLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KRAUSE, AXEL, MR.;REEL/FRAME:025952/0186
Effective date: 20110310
|Feb 5, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
13 year old Haflinger gelding , 4-H project, broke to ride trails, never been used to drive since we have had him,good with farrier,good with vet. he…$1,500
14 year old Sorrel Mare, 4-H project, broke to ride, granddaughter used for horse shows and 4-H, good with kids.$3,500
15 year old Bay mare, 4-H project, very broke to ride, great with kids. granddaughter used for 4-H and learning to ride. Great beginner horse !$2,500
Nice gentle stud colt been sacked out an has been messed with a lot. He has a lot of potential to be a great horse I just have to many come check him out…$800
Very nice deep back end with lots of class. Would definitely get you noticed in the show ring, trail or pulling a cart. He has not yet been started under…$500
"Sassy" is a 13.2 hand 9 year old registered paint mare. Sassy is sadly outgrown, and she is looking for a new special person/s to give her time and attention…$3,500
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Atlas is a 15 year old Dunalino gelding. Don't let his age fool you, he will keep up with the young guns on the trail all day and look good doing it. He…$2,000


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SOLAR WATCH * 312 M & 25 X FLARES starting 3-7-2011 (Updated Daily)
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Good work guys - we'll have to keep watching this one!
From the behind data it appears the entire CME is 'forward' facing [
link to stereo-ssc.nascom.nasa.gov
] you can make out the CME faintly which means it is definitely this side - still need more data.
I know Earths' Magnetic Footprint was just over the Western Limb earlier Today but according to the Protons etc. it appears that we have a Geo-effective Filament/s CME.
I need to just have a smoke a second Folks - be back now : )
footpoint! :)
People want to think of this as as Earth's "footprint" (because of the relative size 1 /1,ooo,ooo,ooo the size of the Sun), but this line of thinking is incorrect.
The connection point to the Corona is a "
I held back from correcting anyone using inappropriate terminology, as I never wanted to come off as arrogant, but now the internet is becomming corrupted with " Earths Footprint" as opposed to the the footpoint location.
I litterally taught the class in this forum over magnetic reconnection a couple of yrs ago. I believe you can find the information here on this thread, although you will have read it from the beginning; so
try one of the pages within the first couple of months if interested,.
Its alright though..the whole internet is now convoluted with "footprint"and it was my responsibility to correct people a couple of yrs ago to prevent the problem.
The "Point" of connection to the
Solar surface by magnetic field lines from the Earth allow charged particles to flow at speeds nearing the "speed of light" when an eruption of charged particles from the solar surface is directly proportional to a magnetic connection!
Point of connnection..
Using our three-dimensional MHD code we have studied the dynamic evolution of a non-symmetric magnetotail configuration, initiated by the sudden occurrence of (anomalous) resistivity. The initial configuration included variations in all three space dimensions, consistent with average tail observations. In addition, it was skewed due to the presence of a net cross-tail magnetic field component ByN with a magnitude as typically observed, so that it lacked commonly assumed mirror symmetries around the midnight meridian and the equatorial planes. The field evolution was found to be very similar to that of a symmetric configuration studied earlier (e.g., Birn and Hones, 1981), indicating plasmoid formation and ejection. The most noticeable new feature in the evolution of the individual field components is a reduction of By on the reconnected dipole-like field lines earthward from the reconnection region. The topological structure of the magnetic field, however, defined by the field line connections, shows remarkable differences from the symmetric case, consistent with conclusions by Hughes and Sibeck (1987) and Birn et al. (1989). The plasmoid, which is a magnetically separate entity in the symmetric case, becomes "open", connected initially with the Earth, but getting gradually connected with the interplanetary field, as reconnection of lobe field lines proceeds from the midnight region to the flanks of the tail. The separation of the plasmoid from the Earth is thus found to take a finite amount of time. When the plasmoid begins to separate from the Earth, a filamentary structure of field connections develops, not present in the spatial variation of the fields; this confirms predictions by Birn et al. (1989). A localization of the electric field parallel to the magnetic field is found consistent with conclusions on general magnetic reconnection (Schindler et al., 1988a,b; Hesse and Schindler, 1988). The effect of E∥, integrated along field lines, is found to be maximal on field lines near the plasma sheet/lobe interface. The "footprints" of these regions at the near-Earth boundary show a clottiness, reflecting the filamentary structure of the field connections, but not present in the spatial structure of the field itself.
link to www.agu.org
;) 22115056
Please don't ever hold back from re-correcting anything you see that may be incorrectly explained here - re-corrections are(obviously)vital to the whole point of the thread : )
So please,do not hold back,ever!
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Then and Now, 1937
We look back to a review by C. S. Lewis of The Hobbit or There and Back Again by J. R. R. Tolkien
T his review was first published in the TLS of October 2, 1937.
The publishers claim that "The Hobbit," though very unlike "Alice," resembles it in being the work of a professor at play. A more important truth is that both belong to a very small class of books which have nothing in common save that each admits us to a world of its own – a world that seems to have been going on before we stumbled into it but which, once found by the right reader, becomes indispensable for him. Its place is with "Alice," "Flatland," "Phantastes," "The Wind in the Willows."
To define the world of "The Hobbit" is, of course, impossible, because it is new. You cannot anticipate it before you go there, as you cannot forget it once you have gone. The author's admirable illustrations and maps of Mirkwood and Goblingate and Esgaroth give one an inkling – and so do the names of dwarf and dragon that catch our eyes as we first ruffle the pages.
But there are dwarfs and dwarfs, and no common recipe for children's stories will give you creatures so rooted in their own soil and history as those of Professor Tolkien – who obviously knows much more about them than he needs for this tale. Still less will the common recipe prepare us for the curious shift from the matter-of-fact beginnings of his story ("hobbits are small people, smaller than dwarfs – and they have no beards – but very much larger than Lilliputians") to the saga-like tone of the later chapters ("It is in my mind to ask what share of their inheritance you would have paid had you found the hoard unguarded"). You must read for yourself to find out how inevitable the change is and how it keeps pace with the hero's journey. Though all is marvellous, nothing is arbitrary: all the inhabitants of Wilderland seem to have the same unquestionable right to their existence as those of our own world, though the fortunate child who meets them will have no notion – and his unlearned elders not much more – of the deep sources in our blood and tradition from which they spring.
For it must be understood that this is a children's book only in the sense that the first of many readings can be undertaken in the nursery. "Alice" is read gravely by children and with laughter by grown-ups; "The Hobbit," on the other hand, will be funniest to its youngest readers, and only years later, at a tenth or twentieth reading, will they begin to realize what deft scholarship and profound reflection have gone to make everything in it so ripe, so friendly, and in its own way so true. Prediction is dangerous: but "The Hobbit" may well prove a classic.
THE HOBBIT or There and Back Again. By J. R. R. TOLKIEN.
Allen and Unwin. 7s. 6d.
To read more from the TLS archive for free, see this selection from Then and Now.
We hope you enjoy our free selection of reviews and articles from this week's Times Literary Supplement. The TLS is available in print and as an app, with full access to our online archives.
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So I already have an ergo carrier. I was curious as to wether I should buy the infant insert or buy another type of sling for the first few months. Any advice on what you noticed your baby liked best or what was easier on you would be great! Thanks!
BTDT moms: Sling vs. Ergo carrier question
Posted 10/09/2012
Comments (2)
Last edited 10/09/2012
Ergo is prob one of the best ones out there from my experience with my first kid. You don't really need the insert, they grow so fast. The sleepy wrapis great. It's a sling like carrier that is stretchy to use while they are small.
Posted 10/09/2012
The slings can get Uncomfortable
Brayden (June 29, 2011) & Jayce (October 23, 2012)
Hailey (21) & Christopher (31)
❤♥ ❤♥Proud parents of two beautiful little boys ♥ ❤♥ ❤
Brayden (June 29, 2011) & Jayce (October 23, 2012)
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text: izmir haber izmir haber malatya haber malatya haber News Features Cruising Photos Videos Events Newsletters Submit Sail-World.com : Funding boost for fisheries Funding boost for fisheries 'Fisheries can expect a boost to funding.' . © Click Here to view large photo The Australian government has committed to investing $6.5 million in research projects to ensure Australian fisheries 'continue to be global leaders in science and management'. Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Agriculture, Senator Richard Colbeck, announced the funding which will support 25 new research projects managed by the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC). FRDC is funded by the federal government with contributions from the fishing and aquaculture industry. 'This investment will help expand our knowledge and ensure our fisheries management practices continue to improve, our fisheries continue to be sustainable and our reputation as a global leader remains,' Senator Colbeck said. Senator Colbeck said Australian fisheries were world renowned, not only for high quality produce but also for being among the best managed in the world when it comes to sustainability. The Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES) Fishery Status Report 2012 released in October 2013 showed sustained improvement in the health of Australian fisheries. The reports showed an improvement in terms of biological status: the number of stocks classified as not overfished increased, while the number of stocks classified as overfished and/or subject to overfishing decreased. The number of stocks with an uncertain biomass status also decreased. Of the 93 stocks assessed in 2012: 77 were classified as not subject to overfishing (77 in 2011), and 63 were classified as not overfished (58 in 2011); of these, 60 were both not subject to overfishing and not overfished (56 in 2011); and 4 were classified as subject to overfishing (6 in 2011), and 9 were classified as overfished (11 in 2011); of these, 2 were both overfished and subject to overfishing (4 in 2011). The new research projects will include looking at innovative approaches to better age crabs and lobsters and developing a rapid molecular identification technique to identify eggs and methods to use them for estimating the biomass of a particular species. The investment will also fund the second volume of the Status of Key Australian Fish Stocks Reports which be expanded to include more species. 'The Status of Key Australian Fish Stocks Reports provide a consistent national reporting framework for major species in Australia. They provide a high level of transparency and consistency in stock status reporting across jurisdictions,' Senator Colbeck said. Two projects were also funded under the FRDC Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram which will look at development of approaches and molecular tests for detection of important endemic and exotic pathogens. More at www.fish.gov.au by Media Services Tweet Click on the FB Like link to post this story to your FB wall http://www.marinebusiness-world.com/index.cfm?nid=118035 11:52 AM Tue 31 Dec 2013 GMT Click here for printer friendly version Click here to send us feedback or comments about this story. 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Commodity currencies stabilised with the softer reserve, with the AUD holding 0.7700, while the NZD traded around 0.6850. Onwards and upwards after a long ANZAC weekend in Australasia! Horizon Boats adds Rival Stessl brand to its stable by Scott James, Gold Coast , 4:11 PM Tue GMT Leading trailerboat manufacturer, Horizon Aluminium Boats has announced it has added iconic Aussie brand and long-time rival, Stessl Boats to its stable. Online registration now open for SHIPPINGInsight 2016 by Jim Rhodes, , 3:12 AM Tue GMT Online registration is now open for the fifth annual SHIPPINGInsight Fleet Optimization Conference and Exhibition. The 2016 event will take place Oct. 18-19 at the Stamford Marriott Hotel and Spa in Stamford, Conn. Zhik and the UK 29er Class announce new three years partnership by Suzie Hammett, , 1:19 AM Tue GMT The UK 29er Class announces a new three year sponsorship deal with Zhik that covers the UK 29er National Championships from 2016-2018 inclusive. The 2016 Nationals are to be held at Royal Torbay Yacht Club with the 2017 event booked already for Weymouth. Zhik has been a long time partner of the 29er Class as headline sponsor for the Nationals and preferred clothing supplier. Repucom confirms record media value for 2015 Extreme Sailing Series by Extreme Sailing Series, , 11:44 AM Mon GMT The report, released today, confirms that for the ninth consecutive year, creators and organisers of the original and only Stadium Racing series, OC Sport, generated €49.5million in global media value for the Series in 2015, a substantial increase compared to €44million in 2014. 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Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport boosts nation's best hotels
DALLAS, Texas - Airport hotels are not often the most convenient lodging destinations for leisure travelers, but many a time they are just the thing for business travelers and others in need of a quick stay. Now, airport-bound travelers can find exceptional properties close by many of the nation's major airports, according to the Hotels.com® database of 7 million Guest Reviews.
Of the nation's 25 busiest airports, Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport offers the best-rated hotels within a two mile radius, with an average Hotels.com Guest Review Rating of 4.39. Situated four miles from the nation's capital and two miles from the Pentagon, the airport is surrounded by five properties that have earned the Hotels.com 'Outstanding' designation of having a 4.6 or above user rating – led by The Ritz-Carlton, Pentagon City and the Residence Inn By Marriott Pentagon City.
Tied for second with a Hotels.com Guest Review Rating of 4.37 were Minneapolis/St. Paul International Airport and Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, the nation's fourth-busiest airport. The Grand Hyatt DFW in Dallas (4.9) maintained the highest Guest Review Rating of all airport hotels included in the report.
Average Hotels.com
Guest Review Rating[2]
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
Washington, D.C.
Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport
Dallas, Texas
Minneapolis/St. Paul International Airport
Minneapolis ,Minn.
Orlando International Airport
Orlando, Fla.
Logan International Airport
Boston, Mass.
Washington Dulles International Airport
Washington, D.C.
Salt Lake City International Airport
Salt Lake City, Utah
Baltimore Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport
Baltimore, Md.
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport
Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
McCarran International Airport
Las Vegas, Nev.
The only other airport among the Nation's 10 Busiest to make the list was McCarran International Airport, boosted by its proximity to the south end of the Las Vegas Strip. Additionally, Las Vegas was the number one domestic destination this year among Americans, according to the Hotels.com Hotel Price Index™ (HPI®), which may also point to why properties such as the Mandarin Oriental, Las Vegas (4.8) are frequented.
Represented by three airports on the Hotels.com best airport hotels list (including Washington Dulles International Airport and Baltimore Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport), the Baltimore-Washington, D.C. region proved to have better-rated hotels than the New York Metropolitan area's three major airports, which did not rate higher than 3.84. Another region with exceptionally-rated airport hotels was Florida airports, with both Orlando International Airport (4.36) and Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport (4.1) yielding high average Hotels.com Guest Review Ratings.
Among airports with the lowest-rated Hotels.com Guest Review Ratings were John F. Kennedy International Airport (3.49) and Charlotte Douglas International Airport.
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I am the AC who wrote that vision I had when I was 15. I tuned 44 today. So it begins. Does anyone have any questions or need any encouragement?
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God does not answer to demands of devils seeking to plant the seeds of evil in hearts on others, many sought proof and were not given it even the people whom knew Jesus the most they of his own town he grew up were given no signs when demanded, nor shall ye be given any signs. Many have prayed for signs and been given nothing, many have said if I could see but one sign I would believe, behold many even saw signs and didn't believe and many whom did believe for while turned against us when we were arrested of man for committing no crime.
They whom are mine shall know me just by mine words and the second death shall hold no power over them. Many have claimed to be me but their is only one me, and many more shall claim to be me in future. I answer not to those whom tempt God whom seek proof I shall reveal mine power unto the meek and humble in mine own time not by demands of men.
The Wrath shall be proof enough and that is the only sign I am willing to give the wicked, I need not prove myself to devils those whom see not truth remain in darkness and lies. This medium allows me to speak in my full awareness and not contradict my prophecy of the false Christs. Let the events to come be witness of whom thou offends, may ye all repent and ask forgiveness unto Heavens so ye may avoid the greater condemnation of the Second Death.
AlmightyGod 33441012
I have an urge to warn you
one last, and final time.
I'm trying to help you.
If you don't wake up from your delusions, thinking your Jesus.
You will need to answer to the true God and the true Jesus, during judgement.
There's still time for you.
But there's a time, where it'll be
too late.
Wake up from your delusions, before it's too late, and before judgement, and you will have to answer to the true God.
I'm here to help you.
Anonymous Coward 31324993
I give ye warning they whom can not know the Light when light has given them the truth shall not be welcome in the millennium to come but shall fall and be taken by the adversary and remain in torments of underworld until the final seal is broken.
Oh ye wicked and selfish generation how much longer must I tolerate ye, behold I saith unto ye that the cup which was taken for eons shall be given back and woe unto the sinner whom remaineth in filthy garments. All shall reap as they have sown.
Repent ye whom are overtaken by serpents before thine own words come back upon ye.
Spiritoftruth111 33441012
If anyone needs to be worried about being overtaken by anything sot its you.
Now you devil inhabiting this person..I command in the name of Yeshuah that you depart now and never return. Set this person free from your binds. I declare sot forgiven and cleansed and free and whole and declare freedom to the mind and body and spirit.
I also decree total forgiveness of all past wrongs in the name of Yeshuah.
SOT..you are FREE..all you have to do is reach out and accept it.
Its now up to you.
DO you want freedom and peace?
Yes..I know you are a troll too..I know all about you sot..you are role playing and so caught up in it now, you have become what you pretended to be in your mind.
its over now..you are free and whole and FORGIVEN.
You can put the keyboard down now..and you dont have to fear..the Lord loves you..he has forgiven you..IF you will but accept it.
I have declared you FREE..just accept it.
Anonymous Coward 16859882
A day shall come ye shall know I was telling the truth and in that day ye shall tremble for ye shall not find thine-self counted as mine sheep. For how be it a sheep knows not it Shepard, behold I come for those whom are mine. The title Christian does not promise salvation, ye must be of a specific spirit condition so ye are on correct path, otherwise in eyes of God ye be a hypocrite and counted with the wicked.
Woe unto ye thou has repeatedly tempted the Lord and insulted the good spirit, knoweth this that consequences shall come upon ye in near future. Many shall be refused entry into Heaven at first for they were not found worthy, they must prove themselves, ye would be lucky to even be counted as those to remain in the Millennium.
The days are coming that this evil world shall reap it reward and great shall be the consequences thrust upon mankind, for from the beginning of time until end their has been no other world in all mine creations that has committed so much evil. Mankind shall be punished for God will leave them and any protection given of God and blessings shall be taken with us, woe unto the nations of mankind in those days for ye have chosen evil and evil shall rule ye with great wrath shall it rule ye. And I shall suffer it for time that the Devil has full power over the earth even those whom speak in mine name, and this shall be mankind's final test and they whom endure and overcome whom come out of the tribulation clean shall inherit mine kingdom in it time appointed.
I saith again to repent before every word that has been spoken is fulfilled. The serpent has many mouths he speaks through, ye being one of them.
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Austerity. The very word holds about as much appeal as a curdled rice pudding on a hot December day. Financial restraint is not a sexy political slogan that aspiring council representatives dream about at night, heading into an election year. But it is the policy mantra that needs to be adopted in 2013, for the sake of Christchurch.
OPINION: The average city ratepayer now forks out more on rates than fuel, despite the Government's impending assault on petrol excise. Funding the Christchurch City Council's share of the rising rebuild tab remains reliant on higher rates, indebtedness and deferring capital works. This recipe is notable for its lack of courage or imagination. Shovelling an ever-increasing sack-load of council debt onto the backs of our children is an unsustainable way to fill the hole.
Meantime, the council is becoming increasingly dependent on hefty dividends from the likes of Orion and Christchurch Airport. Yet these council-owned entities are subsequently seeking to unleash voracious new revenue raids, be it the airport's overhaul to commercial passenger vehicle charges or Orion's proposed levy hike on power bills.
I was pleased to hear in the past week Associate Earthquake Recovery Minister Amy Adams ridiculing Orion's obligation to pay the council $30 million, while it gouges the consumer.
Surely the call for the council to consider a partial asset sales programme cannot be ignored in next year's Long Term Plan. The council should also cauterise its carnivorous spending appetite, its propensity to hurl money at dubious pet projects and its most peculiar attitude that it must be the entertainer-in-chief for Christchurch. A few signature festivals, like Ellerslie and the Buskers, is fine. But leave the rest to the market.
As the recent Wine & Food Festival in Hagley Park demonstrated, successfully staged events aren't dependent on the command, control and coffers of the CCC.
Jingle all the way
In one of life's lovely little ironies, I witnessed a spectacular outbreak of car-park rage this week, as "Grandma Got Run Over" blared from the shopping mall speakers. But according to Canterbury University's Marketing associate professor Paul Ballantine, festive tunes in shops increase their purchase probability.
Really? I've never been seduced into buying anything, anywhere, anytime while "under the influence" of Mariah Carey or the Royal Guardsmen.
Festive fragrances could make me linger in a store - and possibly buy. Remember the whiff of roasted peanuts at the old Farmers store in Colombo St? Now that was retail gold. I suspect the aroma of pine needles and Christmas lilies would be retail winners too.
Speaking of mood music, I hope you can join me at 9pm on Christmas Eve for one of the city's great traditions. It's the 65th YMCA Carols, in Latimer Square.
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Chardonnay Symposium
May 12-14, 2016 - Join Chardonnay producers from around the world for an in-depth exploration of the world's favorite grape. Receive $20 off any ticket when you stay in Avila Beach!
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Win Overnight Stay
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Avila Beach Blues Festival
May 29, 2016 - Join us for the biggest party on the Central Coast against the backdrop of the Pacific Ocean!
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~ Smoking Blue Olena~ Beautiful registered Blue Roan Quarter Horse mare. 14â��2 HH. Well mannered and well trained multi disciplined sweet and loving…$8,500 CAD
2003 POA MARE Shez Kinda Shinnie, black with a white blanket, snip on nose Fancy Reg POA pony mare, around 13.5h, nice 4-h, trail riding, or playday…No Price Listed
Shooter Wood AKA Woodsy is a solid 15.2hh and still growing. She does it all with class, She has been started in mounted shooting and barrels, obstacles…$7,500
Schwinn has a solid fast pattern on her. She is very consistent and runs a clean pattern everytime. I've never had shoes on her - solid black, hard feet…$20,000
Ms. Daisy Badger Bar is a VERY well-bred 11 year old AQHA registered mare. Peppy San Badger Granddaughter, She is bay with a white stripe and two white…$8,500
Stunning Bay Pony with amazing bloodlines. Very Smart. Brave to fences. Easy keeper, loads, clips, ties, stands, and trailers with no issues. Great health…No Price Listed
CoCo Chanel is a 15.3h sorrel mare. NO buck, rear, bolt, etc. She hauls great. Gets along with other horses in the pasture. She has been trained for…$3,750
Big Time Angel â��Angel,â�� 12yo, 15.1 hands, great bloodlines - Dash for Cash, Beduino, Strawfly Special, and Special Effort. This mare is nice and cadenced…$4,200


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Premier Inn Poole North is close to Poole Quay and Bournemouth so you can easily enjoy the beauty of the Dorset coastline. Start the day with a dip or a surf lesson, visit the boutiques of Bournemouth...More about Premier Inn Poole North
Worgret Manor is a grand Georgian manor house perfectly situated for exploration of this beautiful area with the Saxon market town of Wareham just a mile away. Comfortable bedrooms provide good level...More about Worgret Manor
This property is conveniently located and offers a friendly atmosphere and attentive service. The comfortable bedrooms are tastefully appointed and are suitable for both business and leisure guests. T...More about Hallmark Hotel Bournemouth West Cliff


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It was perfect for my family of twelve who went to Disney World. The large box of chips and the 10 Lbs. of bananas I ordered by mistake were good snacks for between meals while in the park. We had a good laugh when 10 Lbs of bananas came in one large brown bag, but all were eaten except for two! Everything was very fresh milk, eggs, vegetables, lettuce, waffles, lunch meat, bread and more!!! Thank you Garden Grocer!!
Great service. Produce was fresh and all the food was delivered on time. Thanks for helping us enjoy fresh healthy food during our Orlando vacation!
My ordered was delivered on time with all items in excellent condition. Couldn't have asked for better service, I was contacted after the order and after delivery by a company representative to insure that the order was correct and that I was satisfied! Wish I could do all my grocery shopping like this!