text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 16, 1999
|Filing date
|Aug 5, 1997
|Priority date
|Aug 9, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Harm Van Der Werff, Jozef Johannes Maria Baltussen, Mattheus Harmannes Hofman
|Original Assignee
|Akzo Nobel N.V.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (12), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention pertains to a a para-aromatic polyamide filament yarn.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Para-aromatic polyamide filament yarn is known from EP 609 946 (van der Pol), which discloses p-aramid yarn where the filaments may have a linear density of 0.8 to 1.3 dtex, the example given being 1.1 dtex. Van der Pol teaches that yarns characterized by a lower filament linear density than that of standard yarn have several advantages. For instance, this known yarn has excellent properties for use as a reinforcing fiber in rubber articles which can be subjected to mechanical load. However, there is still room for substantial improvement. For instance, EP 609 946 fails to provide an aromatic polyamide yarn which can be put to advantageous use in a wide range of applications. Thus the search is on for p-aramid yarn having a high internal shear modulus for use, int. al., as antiballistic yarn, but also for use as reinforcing yarn in optical cables, and for fabrics to be utilized without a matrix or with matrices other than rubber. This so-called g-value constitutes a proper standard for a number of properties which are relevant to the yarn all at the same time, viz. drawing modulus, torque modulus, and axial compression strength. Yarn such as described by Van der Pol has a comparatively low g-value of about 2.2 GPa. It should be noted that while this value can be increased. Other publications also disclose yarns with filaments having a lower linear density than standard yarn.
For instance, JP-Hei-6-2216 (Teijin) describes PPTA yarns having a filament linear density of 0.17 to 0.75 denier (converted: 0.19 to 0.83 dtex). It is stated that these yarns especially possess favorable abrasion resistance. However, the described yarns are less suited to be used in actual practice on account of their low linear density thereof. Among other things, this low linear density means that the yarn cannot be usefully employed as such, but only in an assembled form. This needless assembling of yarns is an economically unattractive additional step and, moreover, involves the risk that the mechanical properties of the yarn finally assembled will have decreased proportionally. The described process, which typically produces bundles of 133 and maximally 300 filaments having a yarn linear density of at the most 100 denier (110 dtex), does not readily allow thicker yarns to be produced. In the case of a thicker bundle use will have to be made of a smaller air gap if the pitch/air gap ratio required according to Teijin is to be maintained. Coagulating a thick bundle also is more difficult when using this process. Furthermore, Teijin has the drawback that the obtained yarn has an extremely low crystallite length (L002 value). Besides, Teijin when spinning p-aramid from solution does so with a very low polymer content in the spinning solution and a very high acid concentration in the spinning bath, as a result of which the described yarns inherently lack the optimum properties of the PPTA. In addition, the high acid concentration in the bath leads to sticking of filaments, particularly in the case of thicker bundles. Lower acid concentrations are not possible in the Teijin process, because low concentrations lead to high yarn cutting. Besides the aforementioned low L002 value, yarns made as specified by Teijin have an objectionably high para-crystallinity (indicating a highly disturbed crystal structure). Another drawback to the yarns described by Teijin is their low density.
Chimitsjeskie Volokna, No.2, pp 17-19, March-April 1993 (Kiya-Oglu et al.) describes the manufacturing of PPTA yarns using an air gap-wet spinning process with a far greater degree of drawing in the air gap than is customary. It is stated that this can be done only when the temperature in the air gap is greatly reduced. For instance, at -35� C. there was 65� drawing. Although the publication of Kiya-Oglu et al. has no bearing on yarns having a low filament linear density, it is self-evident that said linear density will be reduced by the drawing. Thus the yarn drawn up to 65� is composed of filaments having a linear density of 0.26 dtex. The yarns described here do not have the yarn linear density desired in actual practice either (the number of filaments is restricted to 200). Moreover, the low temperature in the air gap required according to this publication is highly unattractive from a practical and economical point of view. Nor does this process make it possible to produce thicker bundles. For, when the number of filaments is higher, it proves impossible to create a homogeneous situation as regards the temperature and the drawing characteristics in the air gap, which has a detrimental effect on the product properties. Also, blowing a larger number of filaments involves practical problems.
The use of yarns having a lower than standard linear density for ballistic applications is known in itself. For instance, EP 241 681 (Droste) teaches a bullet resistant vest in which use is made of a fabric of aramid yarn with a filament linear density of less than 1.5 dtex, the example given being 1.12 dtex. In actual practice, yarn with a filament linear density of 0.93 dtex has also become popular.
It is a broad objective of our invention to provide aramid yarns which have the advantages of a low filament linear density, are suitable for use in ballistic and other applications, can be manufactured in an attractive manner, and in addition have a high internal shear modulus.
In brief summary, our invention comprises a non-assembled para-aromatic polyamide filament yarn having a yarn linear density of at least 300 dtex. The yarn comprises a bundle of filaments with a linear density of less than 0.8 dtex, a g value higher than 2.5 GPa, an elongation (EAB) higher than 3.4%, and a L002 value higher than 350 Å.
Another aspect of our invention comprises a process for manufacturing a para-aromatic filament yarn having a filament linear density of less than 0.8 dtex in which a p-aramid spinning solution in concentrated sulfuric acid with a polymer content of 17 to 20.5% is extruded through a spinneret provided with spinning orifices having diameters less than 55 μm. The extruded p-aramid is passed through an air gap with a draw ratio in the air gap of from 6 to 12 and collected in an aqueous coagulation bath having a solvent concentration <30%.
The yarns according to the invention, referred to hereinafter as microfilament yarns, have a surprisingly increased internal shear modulus: where otherwise comparable, known PPTA yarns such as described by Van der Pol and Droste have a g-value of 2.2 GPa or less, in the case of the yarns according to the invention there is a surprising improvement and values up to even higher than 3.3 GPa are found. Preferably, the yarn g-value is higher than 2.6 GPa, and more preferably higher than 2.7 GPa. Values higher than 3.0 GPa are possible. Preferably, the yarns according to the invention have a filament linear density of more than 0.3 dtex and less than 0.8 dtex. An extra augmented internal shear modulus is found in yarns having a filament linear density of about 0.35 to 0.6 dtex. Preferred elongation at break (EAB) is higher than 3.5%. L002 values are preferably higher than 375 Å, and more preferably higher than 400 Å, whereas para-crystallinity is less than 2.15, and preferably less than 2.10.
The term "non-assembled para-aromatic polyamide filament yarn" means that the filaments of the yarn are produced with one spinneret. Assembled yarns can be produced during the spinning process or thereafter, for instance, by assembling the filaments from different spinnerets, or by assembling different bobbins with microfilament yarns.
By para-aromatic polyamide (p-aramid) is meant any polyamide of which the polymeric main chain is composed wholly or for the most part of aromatic nuclei, such as phenylene, biphenylene, biphenyl ether, naphthylene, and the like, which are interconnected wholly or for the most part via the para-position (1,4-phenylene) or a comparable position (e.g., 2,6-naphthylene). Preferably, the aromatic nuclei are phenylene groups, more preferably, the polymer is PPTA.
Para-aramids are known to the skilled person and need no further elucidation as such. PPTA can be prepared in a known manner by the reaction in an appropriate solvent (notably CaCl2 -containing N-methyl pyrrolidone) of stoichiometric amounts of para-phenylene diamine (PPD) and terephthalic acid dichloride (TDC). Suitable processes have been described in NL 157327 and WO 95/21883.
The invention pertains to filament yarns. As the skilled person will know, these are yarns which comprise a bundle of endless filaments, made by a spinning process in which a solution of the polymer to be spun is extruded through a spinneret plate or a spinneret containing a plurality of spinning orifices corresponding to the number of filaments. The filament yarn according to the invention preferably comprises at least 500 filaments, more particularly 1000 or more. More preferably, the number of filaments is 1500 to 3000. The yarn preferably is untwisted. To ensure reliable measurement of the mechanical properties, however, it is common knowledge that usually a twist is applied.
As was indicated above, it is of the essence to have a yarn linear density of about 300 dtex or higher. Preferably, the yarn linear density is at least 900 dtex, int. al., because of the maximum loop efficiency which can be achieved then. For an optimum combination of ready producibility and a proper reflection of the intrinsic properties of the polymer, the p-aramid yarn according to the invention more preferably has a yarn linear density of 600 to 1200 dtex, also on account of the fact that such a yarn is easy to weave. If so desired, the yarn according to the invention can be assembled to form a thicker yarn. While, as was indicated above, this is not preferred, it should be noted that generally yarns according to the invention do not require to be assembled more than a couple of times (say, doubled or tripled), which, needless to say, involves fewer drawbacks than pairing the ultra-low tex linear density yarns some dozens of times, as specified by the state of the art.
The spinnerets used to make the microfilament yarns according to the invention preferably have spinning orifices with a smaller diameter than the conventional 65 μm. More preferably, use is made of spinnerets of which the orifices (capillaries) have a diameter of less than 55 μm, or, preferably, less than 50 μm, for instance, 40 to 50 μm.
To manufacture filament yarns having the desired properties, during spinning use is made of an anisotropic solution of PPTA in concentrated sulfuric acid. The PPTA preferably has a relative viscosity, determined at 0.25 g/100 ml, of at least 3.5 and preferably more than 4.3.
The relative viscosity of the p-aramid is defined as the ratio of the times of outflow of a solution of the polymer (0.25 g p-aramid in 100 ml 96 wt. %-sulfuric acid) to the pure solvent measured in a capillary viscometer (Ubelohde) at 25� C.
At least 16 wt. %, and preferably about 17.0-20.5 wt. %, of the p-aramid is dissolved in an appropriate solvent such as concentrated sulfuric acid. When the polymer content in the solution is too low, a p-aramid with a too low L002 value is obtained, which is what happens in Teijin (JP-Hei-6-2216). This low L002 value indicates a small crystallite length in the direction of the fiber, so serving as a measure of the excellence of the ordering of the polymer molecules vis-a-vis the direction of the fiber axis. A high degree of ordering is important to relevant yarn properties such as creep, and L002 is held to be an important parameter for determining the yarn properties. Thus it was found that the lower the polymer content in the spinning solution is, the lower the values obtained for key properties such as breaking tenacity and modulus will be, indicating incomplete and insufficient utilization of the intrinsically favorable properties of the p-aramid polymer when using a spinning solution with a 15% polymer content. The invention pertains to p-aramid yarns of the type where the L002 value is 350 Å or higher. Preferably, the L002 value is higher than 375, or more preferably, higher than 400 Å.
For p-aramid in general, and PPTA in particular, anisotropic spinning solutions as such are known. They can be prepared in a known manner, e.g., with the aid of a freezing process as described in NL 7904495, which publication is to be considered incorporated by reference. According to the present invention, preferably use is made of an enhanced freezing process in which a mixing kneader is employed for melting the PPTA which was mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid via the freezing process, and mixing the whole further. In this process the polymer solution passes successively through at least a melting zone and a pressure build-up zone, with kneading as well as mixing taking place at least in the melting zone. The enhanced process indicated here is disclosed in non-prepublished patent application PCT/EP96/1731, which likewise is to be considered incorporated by reference.
The p-aramid spinning solution can be spun in a conventional air gap-wet spinning process. The temperature in the air gap generally is ambient (about 10� to 50� C. on account of the temperature of the spinning bath and the spinneret; there is no separate cooling or heating of the air gap). A too low temperature is to be avoided in such cases. In contrast with the extreme draw ratio in the air gap employed by Kiya-Oglu, the yarns according to the invention are only subjected to conventional drawing conditions (the drawing factor typically is in the range of 6 to 12). Air gap-wet spinning processes for p-aramid are known from, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,767,756 and 4,320,081. It should be noted that the extruded yarns, after passing through the air gap, are coagulated in a spinning bath preferably containing water with or without dilute sulfuric acid (less than 30 wt. %). It is preferred not to exceed 20 wt. %, and preferably not to exceed 10% of acid in view of objectionable sticking of the filaments, and because it makes for an unfavorable process with more washing steps and a longer washing time. Moreover, high concentrations of acid in the bath give poor yarn properties.
To spin microfilaments successfully, the occurrence of "draw-resonance" has to be prevented. This phenomenon of sudden strong variations in filament thickness, and often filamentation as well, occurs, e.g., when a too high draw ratio is employed in the air gap. In the publication by Kiya-Oglu referred to above this drawback is overcome by intense cooling, which is attended with the aforementioned disadvantages. Within the framework of the present invention it has now been found that selecting a smaller spinning orifice diameter at a given draw ratio will lead to filaments having a correspondingly smaller linear density. It should be noted that, to be sure, the effect of smaller spinning orifices giving a smaller filament linear density is mentioned in JP Hei-6-2216, but that in this case comparatively much smaller diameters are required than according to the invention. For the sake of proper operation and an economically attractive spinning assembly, it is desirable in itself not to use capillaries which are too small. Teijin fails to teach anything about the draw ratio in the air gap. Calculations show this to be maximally 6.2. It is further noted that the size of the capillary as such does not teach the skilled person anything: for instance, it is also known to make p-aramid having a standard 1.68 dtex (1.5 den) filament linear density using smaller orifice diameters, cf. WO 92/15733 (DuPont).
For that reason the invention also pertains to a process for manufacturing p-aramid filament yarns having a filament linear density of less than 0.93 dtex in which a p-aramid spinning solution in concentrated sulfuric acid having a polymer content of at least 16 wt. %, preferably 17-20 wt. %, is passed through a spinneret provided with spinning orifices, the p-aramid extruded in this fashion is moved through an air gap (or some other inert space) and collected in an aqueous coagulation bath, said process being characterized in that the diameter of the spinning orifices is 55 μm or less, preferably 40 to 50 μm, and the draw ratio in the air gap is 6 to 12.
As indicated above, the microfilament yarns according to the invention have a surprisingly high internal shear modulus (g-value).
As is known from specialist literature, cf. Northolt et al. in Polymer, Vol. 26, 1985, p. 310 ("Polymer") and J. Baltussen's Ph.D. thesis entitled "Tensile Deformation of Polymer Fibers," Delft Technical University 1996, p. 8 ("Baltussen"), the g-value is a key parameter for the mechanical characterization of filament yarns.
The g-value can be determined by plotting the sonic compliance, 1/Eson against the chain orientation parameter measured for fibers with different degrees of orientation, either by means of X-ray diffraction, or from a curve representing the sonic compliance versus the rotational strain, εrot. This strain component is defined as ##EQU1## where Ec is the chain modulus (220 GPa for PpPTA), σf the tensile stress, and εf the tensile strain of the fiber.
The sonic modulus, Eson, is the value of the modulus calculated from the density, ρ kg/m3 !, of the yam and the velocity of sound, v m/s! by means of the equation:
Eson =ρv2 ( 2)
This velocity is the propagation velocity of a short sonic pulse as measured according to the method described below. The equation of the initial sonic modulus of an oriented fiber is given by: ##EQU2## where <sin2 φ>E is the orientation parameter averaged over the orientation distribution, f(φ), of the angle φ between the chain axis and the fiber axis, as defined in "Polymer."
For a well-oriented fiber the tensile strain, εf is given by: ##EQU3##
The first term in equation (4) is the contribution owing to the chain elongation, whereas the second term is the rotational strain, εrot, being the contribution due to shear deformation, which results in a rotation of the chain axis towards the fiber axis, and thus, in contraction of the chain orientation distribution.
In the extended fiber theory as described in "Baltussen," a dependency of <sin2 φ>E on σf is taken into account, which results in an extra term (1+σf /2g) in the denominator of the second term of equation (3): ##EQU4##
For well oriented fibers εrot in equation (4) can be approximated by: ##EQU5## It is assumed that <sin2 φ>=<sin2 φ>E.
Rearrangement of equation (5) yields: ##EQU6##
By measuring the sonic modulus and the tensile stress at two strain levels, viz. at 0.2% and 0.6% elongation, Δεrot can be calculated according to equation (1): ##EQU7##
Using equations (6) and (7) Δεrot becomes: ##EQU8##
From (8) and (9) the internal shear modulus, g, can be calculated according to: ##EQU9##
The internal shear modulus can be determined by the use of any suitable manually or automatically driven tensile testing machine equipped with a sonic device for measuring the velocity of sound during the extension of the fiber. The testing machine is equipped with a single movable clamp and a load cell. The gauge length of the bundle tested is 1800 mm or more. The machine also contains an extensometer system as specified in ASTM E83. The fixed and the variable error of the strain must not exceed 2.10-3 %. The load cell indicates the load with a precision of 1% of the maximum indicated value of the test. The sonic pulse used for the determination of the velocity of sound has a distinct first peak. The rising edge of this first peak has a smooth bell shape with a rise time shorter than 25 ms. The sonic velocity is determined by measuring the propagation velocity of the rising edge of the first peak at 50% of the maximum peak height. The propagation velocity is measured over a distance of more than 1.0 meter. The velocity of sound is measured with an absolute precision of at least 5% and a relative precision of at least 1%.
The linear density of the fibers is measured by weighing a fiber sample with a length of 500 mm. To this end, a sample is cut from the fiber which is fixed on a flat surface under a low pretension of 5 mN/tex, using two markers which are fixed on the yarn with a spacing between them of 500�1 mm. The weight, M, of the sample expressed in milligrams, is measured by means of a balance with a precision better than 1%. The yarn count in dtex is calculated by: count=10*M/0.5.
The sonic modulus is determined by the following procedure:
The conditioned yam is clamped in the tensile testing machine equipped with the sonic device. The zero point of the strain for the sonic modulus strain test is determined at a pre-stress of about 10 mN/tex. The strain of the yarn is calculated with respect to the length of the yarn at the specified pre-stress. During the measurement the strain of the fiber is increased continuously by means of a motor driven clamp. Up to an elongation of 1% at least hundred data points of each of the physical quantities stress, strain, and velocity of sound are collected.
In a plot displaying the observed sonic modulus data versus the strain and the observed stress data versus the strain, the values of E1 and E2 and of σ1 and σ2 are read at ε1 =0.2% elongation and at ε2 =0.6% elongation. Subsequently, g is calculated using equation (10) and a value of Ec =220 GPa.
In the table the calculated values of the internal shear modulus, g, are given for a series of micro-count yarns. Data of yarns with a normal count are given too.
In the third section of the table data of high-modulus yarns are given.
______________________________________ fibercount/count # filaments dtex g/GPa Eson /GPa______________________________________micro yarn count << 1.68 dtex: 293 750 0.39 3.33 131 619 1500 0.41 3.33 116 685 1500 0.46 3.19 131 735 1500 0.49 3.15 130 930 1500 0.62 2.89 124 950 1500 0.63 2.95 124 960 1500 0.64 2.87 1211144 1500 0.76 2.77 120 945 1000 0.94 2.50 113 960 1000 0.96 2.37 108yarns with normal and high yarn counts:1110 666 1.67 2.21 951680 1000 1.68 2.17 972600 1000 2.60 1.74 682600 1000 2.60 1.73 78high modulus yarns (heat treated):1110 666 1.67 2.69 1191110 666 1.67 2.88 1211660 1000 1.66 3.03 1241650 1000 1.65 2.50 117______________________________________
The microfilament yarns according to the invention not only have a surprisingly high g-value, they also possess excellent mechanical properties such as modulus, tensile strength, loop strength. A further unexpected advantage of the yarns according to the invention is their high cord strength and, in particular, their high cord efficiency. If so desired, the yarn may be subjected to the aforementioned known modulus-enhancing aftertreatment (hot drawing, e.g., on heated rolls). It should be noted that, surprisingly, without any hot aftertreatment the yarns according to the invention have a g-value which is comparable with that of the well-known HM yarns mentioned above, but with a higher elongation at break.
The invention will be elucidated further below with reference to the figures and the following, unlimitative examples.
FIG. 1 relates to the g-value. Shown are measuring points where the internal shearing stress as a result of the filament linear density was determined. The shown unbroken line indicates the relation found in the known yarns, the interrupted line is an extrapolation to the filament linear densities employed in the yarns according to the invention. It is clear that, according to the invention, a g-value is obtained which is a marked improvement over the state of the art (conventional, LM, yarns). The aforementioned HM yarns are also represented in the figure. On the x-axis the filament linear density (filament tex) is given in dtex. On the y-axis the g-value is indicated in GPa. The small squares indicated with "LM" are the measuring points of PPTA yarns made using a conventional spinning process, without any hot aftertreatment. Within the range of filament linear densities according to the invention these measuring points are indicated more precisely as "ultra-low tex range," within the range according to the prior art they are known as "reference material." The dots with the indication "HM" refer to measurements on high-modulus yarns subjected to hot wet drawing.
FIG. 2 relates to the relation between L002 and the polymer content in the spinning solution for PPTA yarns manufactured using a conventional air gap-wet spinning process. Shown is a large number of measuring points at different polymer concentrations. This large number stems from a very wide-ranging series of process conditions: spinning rate 250 to 500 m/min, acid concentration in the bath 5 to 20%, spinning bath temperature 5� to 35� C., drying temperature 120� to 210� C. On the x-axis the polymer content ("polymer concentration") is plotted in %, on the y-axis the L002 value is plotted in Å.
The value of L002 was calculated by means of X-ray diffraction. The yarn was wound onto a small, thin, flat frame in parallel arrangement. The meridional 002 reflection was scanned in transmission in a vertical X-ray diffractometer. The resulting diffraction profile was fitted with two bell-shaped lines, a comparatively broad one and a narrow one. From the halfwidth of the narrow line, Hobs, the value of L002 was calculated using the formula
L002=1.5405/√{H2 obs -0.01 cos (X01 /2)}
with X01 as the diffraction angle of the meridional 002 reflection. For the description of the narrow line use was made of an ensemble of two Pearson VII components, taking into account the α1 -α2 splitting as caused by the different wavelengths of the Cu Kα1 and Kα2 irradiation. In the formula given above X01 equals the position of the peak due to the α1 component.
A PPTA solution in concentrated sulfuric acid (polymer concentration 19.4%) was spun into filament yarns of different linear densities and washed and dried in the conventional manner. The properties of these yarns are listed in Table 1. Spinning was by means of an air gap-wet spinning process common in itself, use being made of spinnerets having the correct capillary diameter and the correct draw ratio in the air gap. These relevant, varied parameters are also listed in Table 1. The spinning rate in all cases was 300 m/min, the spinning bath temperature was 5� C., the acid concentration in the bath was 5-10%. In a series of experiments (Examples 1a to 1f) yarns according to the invention with different filament linear densities were made. Also, yarns of a known type were made to serve as a comparative example (1g* and 1h*). The L002 value of the yarns from Example 1 ranged from 448 to 491 Å.
The effect of the filament linear density on the g-value is shown not only in the representation of Examples 1a to 1h* in Table 1 but also by FIG. 1. This figure shows, with reference to a series of experiments analogous to Example 1 and to well-known yarns, the relation between the filament linear density (x-axis) and the g-value (y-axis). The shown unbroken line represents the relation found for the known yarns, the interrupted line is an extrapolation to filament linear densities such as employed in the yarns according to the invention.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ LD LD Loop D L air fil. yarn g BT EAB CM BT Eff.Ex. μmgap (dtex) # fil. (dtex) Gpa mN/tex % GPa mN/tex %__________________________________________________________________________1a 4011.9 0.36 1500 534 2.86 2605 3.40 102.3 nd nd1b 4010.2 0.42 750 294.8 3.33 2380 3.03 108.8 1050 441b 4512.9 0.42 1500 631 3.33 2350 3.43 91.1 nd nd1c 4510.9 0.50 1500 728 3.15 2630 3.44 105.5 1210 461d 458.5 0.64 1500 941 2.95 2570 3.56 96.5 1190 461e 458.1 0.67 1500 937.2 2.89 2520 3.49 96.6 1180 471f 456.7 0.81 1500 1144 2.77 2529 3.66 91.2 1240 491g* 558.5 0.96 1000 946.4 2.5 2450 3.48 91.5 1040 421h* 6511.4 0.99 1000 948.4 2.37 2414 3.44 90.9 1020 42__________________________________________________________________________ nd not determined
The listed properties were determined as follows.
Linear density (LD)
In accordance with ASTM D 885 M-85; Standard Methods of Testing Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made From Man-Made Organic-Base Fibers.
Test conditions corresponding to option 1 of ASTM D1907-89; Standard Test Method for Yarn Number by the Skein Method. Number of measurements per bobbin: 3. The measurements were carried out on twisted yarn (Z90).
Mechanical yarn (tensile) properties
Measurement of breaking tenacity (BT), elongation at break (EAB), chord modulus (CM) in accordance with ASTM D885M-85; Standard Methods of Testing Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made From Man-Made Organic-Base Fibers.
Testing conditions: protective twist (yarn) 90 tpm; tensile testing machine: CRE-type, clamps: Instron 4D (cat. no. 2714-006); gauge length: 500 mm; drawing speed: 50 mm/min (10% of the gauge length); number of measurements per bobbin: 15 (3 series of 5 measurements); CM: interval 200-400 mN/tex.
Double loop strength
In accordance with ASTM 2256-90; Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method, option C1.
In a known manner cords were made of yarns 1a, 1d, and 1g* from Example 1, of single as well as paired yarns. Considering that an increase in cord efficiency (percentage of ratio of breaking tenacity of cord to breaking tenacity of yarn) by several percent is deemed to be highly substantial, it is clear from the table that the yarns according to the invention give a surprising improvement.
TABLE 2______________________________________ Yarn Cord strength Cord efficiency CordEx. (ass.) (mN/tex) (%) structure______________________________________2a 1a (3�) 2180 87.6 �2 330 � 3302b 1d (single) 2117 83 �2 445/4452c 1d (2�) 2078 82 �2 315/3152d 1g* (single) 1993 80 �2 445/4452e 1g* (2�) 1983 80 �2 315/315______________________________________
The maximum shear stress in a filament at transverse fracture, τmax, was measured on a number of known yarns and a number of yarns analogous to those of Example 1 by means of a flattening test. τmax is an important value indicating resistance to transverse load. The value was determined on three groups of p-aramid yarns:
(3a) standard-type yarns having a filament linear density of 1.72-1.76 dtex
(3b) yarns having a filament linear density of 0.96-1.24 dtex
(3c) microfilament yarns having a filament linear density of 0.42 to 0.81.
In this test a filament with a length of 30 mm was placed between two plane-parallel sheets. The sheets were pressed together with a constant velocity of force of 6.6 N/m/s, with the space between the sheets being registered. Following correction of the compliance of the measuring set-up, the transverse modulus E11, and the critical line pressure Fcrit could be determined from the force-compression curve. The critical line pressure is the point on the force-compression curve where elastic deformation turns into plastic deformation. The transverse modulus was determined on the basis of the relation between the force (F) and the compression (u), the selected preconditions being the same as those given in Jawad and Ward in Journal of Material Science, 13, 1978, pp.1381-1387. The envisaged relation is:
u=-4F/πE11 {In2-0.5+arcsin (R/b)}, with b=√{4FR/πE11 }.
The results (statistically significant with 95% reliability) are listed in Table 3. It is very clear from this table that there is no significant difference between the known yarns 3a and 3b statistically speaking (this despite the smaller filament linear density of 3b). The maximum shear stress of the yarns according to the invention, 3c, is significantly different from, and substantially superior to, that of the known yarns.
TABLE 3______________________________________Ex. LD fil. (aver.) in dtex τmax in MPa______________________________________3a 1.72-1.76 (1.75) 67.4 � 5.83b 0.96-1.24 (1.11) 70.9 � 9.73c 0.42-0.81 (0.59) 95.4 � 10.2______________________________________
To make PPTA filament yarns having a filament linear density ranging from standard to ultra-low, in all cases a PPTA solution in concentrated sulfuric acid (polymer concentration 19.4%) was subjected to an air gap-wet spinning process. In this process spinnerets with different orifice diameters were employed, as were different draw ratios in the air gap. The yarns were washed and dried in the conventional manner. The spinning rate in all cases was 300 m/min, the spinning bath temperature was 5� C. and 2� C., respectively, the acid concentration in the bath was 5 and 10%, respectively. The data and the results of these spinning experiments are listed in Table 4.
TABLE 4______________________________________ L air LD D gap filament # fila- LD yarn BT EAB CMEx. μm (mm) (dtex) ment (dtex) (mN/tex) (%) (GPa)______________________________________5a 65 6.5 1.74 1000 1736 2259 4.09 655b 65 7.7 1.47 1000 1471 2292 4.05 675c 65 9.4 1.21 1000 1210 2290 3.85 735d 65 10.5 1.08 1000 1080 2317 3.84 755e 65 11.9 0.95 1000 953 2298 3.7 805f 65 13.7 0.83 1000 828 1420 2.71 735g 55 4.7 1.72 1000 1719 2340 3.91 72.95h 55 6.9 1.17 1000 1172 2430 3.71 83.55i 55 9.0 0.90 1000 900 2450 3.51 91.35j 55 9.4 0.86 1000 861 2470 3.51 93.55k 50 4.0 1.68 1000 1681 2240 4.17 635l 50 5.7 1.05 1000 1045 2370 3.97 755m 50 8.5 0.79 1000 792 2396 3.79 835n 45 7.0 0.77 1500 1162 2520 3.67 91.35o 45 9.7 0.56 1500 944 2590 3.57 98.25p 45 11.1 0.49 1500 735 2600 3.48 101.85q 45 12.9 0.42 1500 631 2350 3.43 91.15r 40 11.9 0.36 1500 534 2605 3.4 102.3______________________________________
The table shows, int. al., that when use is made of a spinneret with a capillary diameter of 65 μm, it is not possible to manufacture a yarn having a filament linear density of less than 0.93 dtex while retaining favorable properties--cf. Example 5f, where the yarn's strength, elongation, and modulus have decreased significantly as compared with Example 5e. Such a yarn can be made when use is made of a 55 μm spinneret and a draw ratio in the air gap of 9.4 (Example 5j), and the same holds for spinnerets having a diameter of less than 50 μm. Very good yarns are made using 45 μm and 40 μm spinnerets (Examples 5n to 5r).
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 30, 1972
|Oct 23, 1973
|Du Pont
|Dry jet wet spinning process
|Nov 15, 1979
|Dec 29, 1981
|Akzo N.V.
|Process for the preparation of poly-p-phenyleneterephthalamide
|Jul 14, 1988
|Jul 25, 1989
|Akzo N.V.
|Body armor
|Jun 3, 1980
|Jan 7, 1981
|Akzo N.V.
|Process for the manufacture of fibres from poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide
|Feb 25, 1987
|Oct 21, 1987
|Akzo N.V.
|Bullet-resistant vest
|Feb 1, 1994
|Aug 10, 1994
|Akzo Nobel N.V.
|Product comprising reinforcing fibres of aromatic polyamide
|Mar 21, 1994
|Sep 28, 1994
|Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.
|Process for preparing cyclopentadienyl group-containing silicon compound or cyclopentadienyl group-containing germanium compound
|Mar 6, 1992
|Sep 17, 1992
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Method for spinning para-aramid fibers of high tenacity and high elongation at break
|Feb 9, 1995
|Aug 17, 1995
|Akzo Nobel N.V.
|Process for the batchwise preparation of poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide
|Apr 25, 1996
|Nov 7, 1996
|Akzo Nobel N.V.
|Process for making fibres from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)
|Baltussen, "Delft Technical University", Tensile deformation of polymer fibers, p. 8 (1996).
|Baltussen, Delft Technical University , Tensile deformation of polymer fibers, p. 8 (1996).
|International Search Report dated Aug. 9, 1996.
|Jawad, et al., "Journal of Materials Science", The transverse compression of oriented nylon and polyethylene extrudates, 13, pp. 1381-1387 (1978).
|Jawad, et al., Journal of Materials Science , The transverse compression of oriented nylon and polyethylene extrudates, 13, pp. 1381 1387 (1978).
|Kiya Oglu, et al., VNIIPV, Mytishchi, Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna , Effect of Spinning Conditions on the Stationary Regime Region in Stretching a Jet of a Solution of Poly P Phenyleneterephthalamide in an Air Gap, 2, pp. 86 89 (1993).
|Kiya-Oglu, et al., "VNIIPV, Mytishchi, Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna", Effect of Spinning Conditions on the Stationary Regime Region in Stretching a Jet of a Solution of Poly-P-Phenyleneterephthalamide in an Air Gap, 2, pp. 86-89 (1993).
|Northolt, et al., "Polymer", Elastic extensiosn of an oriented crystalline fibre, 26, pp. 310-316 (1985).
|Northolt, et al., Polymer , Elastic extensiosn of an oriented crystalline fibre, 26, pp. 310 316 (1985).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 23, 2000
|Jan 6, 2004
|Teijin Twaron B.V.
|Process for determining the polymer concentration in a spinning dope solution
|Jun 7, 1999
|Dec 14, 2004
|Teijin Twaron Gmbh
|Cut-resistant articles of aramid microfilaments
|Jul 5, 2006
|Dec 14, 2010
|Kolon Industries, Inc.
|Aromatic polyamide filament and method of manufacturing the same
|Jan 21, 2003
|Dec 6, 2011
|Pbi Performance Products, Inc.
|Textile fabric for the outer shell of a firefighter's garment
|Jan 30, 2008
|Nov 13, 2012
|Teijin Aramid B.V.
|Method for dissolving aramid polymer in sulfuric acid using a double shaft kneader
|Oct 18, 2011
|Dec 24, 2013
|Pbi Performance Products, Inc.
|Textile fabric for the outer shell of a firefighter's garment
|Apr 28, 2009
|Aug 18, 2015
|Kolon Industries, Inc.
|Aramid tire cord and manufacturing method thereof
|Jan 21, 2003
|Oct 30, 2003
|Celanese Advanced Materials, Inc.
|Textile fabric for the outer shell of a firefighter's garment
|Feb 3, 2005
|Aug 25, 2005
|Norfab Corporation
|Firefighter garment outer shell fabric utilizing core-spun dref yarn
|Jul 5, 2006
|Aug 21, 2008
|Han In-Sik
|Aromatic Polyamide Filament And Method Of Manufacturing The Same
|Jan 30, 2008
|Mar 11, 2010
|Teijin Aramid B.V.
|Method for dissolving aramid polymer in sulfuric acid using a double shaft kneader
|Sep 13, 2004
|Aug 19, 2009
|Wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and process for producing the same
|U.S. Classification
|428/364, 428/395
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 2, 1998
Owner name: AKZO NOBEL NV, NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VAN DER WERFF, HARM;BALTUSSEN, JOZEF JOHANNES MARIA;HOFMAN, MATTHEUS HARMANNES;REEL/FRAME:008953/0666;SIGNING DATES FROM 19970731 TO 19970805
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text:
This is a fantastic blog that goes to show that riding bikes doesn't have to interfere with looking fabulously stylish. Copenhagen Cycle Chic is dedicated to showcasing the real-life fashions worn by eco-commuters in Denmark's stylish capital.
The blog about bicycle culture totally makes sense in a city where "35% of the population - 550,000 people - ride their bike to work or school each day," the blog says. "Bicycles are such an integral part of our culture and there are many aesthetic aspects on the streets at any given moment."
"By providing a portrait of a city that lives and breathes bicycles," their hope is to inspire other cities to choose bicycles over cars, lobby for better bicycle routes in their own cities, but above all, this site could work to remind the fashion-conscious that they need not sacrifice looking pretty to reduce their carbon foot print.
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By: Bianca Bartz - Published: Nov 26, 2007 • References: copenhagengirlsonbikes.blogspot

subset: commoncrawl


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Shin Bet apparently tracked the package after wondering at an enormous quantity of salt ordered by a Gaza importer with Hamas ties.18:10 03.05.16 | 0 comments
Judea and Samaria IS the so called West Bank. The Arabs have the East Bank.
from the article: Palestinian refugees are a threat to Israel's existence


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Johara is a big, pretty STRAIGHT EGYPTIAN black-producing mare. She has a pretty face with a long elegant neck; she has a nice topline with wonderful motion…$6,500
This lovely young mare has wonderful motion, and good conformation & attitude to make a great country english/endurance performer. She is 'homozygous'…$14,500
Alisha is a lovely black mare. She has always been very gentle to work with, and an excellent mother. One of the last daughters of our Crabbet bred stallion…$2,500
Khaleed is a lovely STRAIGHT EGYPTIAN black colt that should mature into a wonderful future breeding stallion and western pleasure performer. He has big…$10,500
Granddaughter of Dash for Cash, 'Cash' is 19 years old and has been used as our primary lesson horse the past two years. Will w/t/c for beginners on lunge…$1,500
12 year old finished barrel/pole horse! Light mouthed and very responsive! Will lope circles for days! Currently was running 2D locally without being…No Price Listed
Whisper is a GREAT mini...She had a beautiful colt last year..She is a great producer is you're looking to bred. No issues foaling. She could be taught…$750
Belle is a doll baby! She is going to be a red roan. Great personality, sweet, and lovable! Her parents are Registered.$600
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Mercedes S Class Hybrid 2012 Specifications
Joy2day: Cars » Mercedes S Class Hybrid 2012 Specifications
Model Detail Submit Your Reviews
Mercedes S Class Hybrid 2012 Specifications
This hybrid car is such a masterpiece of elegance that the only suitable word for it is awesome. These single variant Mercedes S Class Hybrid 2012 specifications add all the most demanded features of the age. This hybrid Gas/Electric car includes; 3.5L V6 Engine, 24valves, 7-speed automatic transmission, standard sun/moon roof, front/rear fog lamps, standard LCD Monitor, safety features as crumple zone, anti-theft alarm and much more as compared to other bodies of the same categories.
Engine Specification
- Engine 3.5L V6
- Number Of Cylinders6
- Number Of Valves24
- Bore X Stroke3.66x3.39
- Displacement3498/213
- Compression Ratio11.7:1
- Fuel SystemElectronic Fuel Injected
Transmission Specification
- Transmission Type7 Speed Automatic
Interior Specification
- Seats TypeLeather
- Height Adjustable Driver SeatStandard
- Tinted Window GlassStandard
- Sunroof Or MoonroofStandard
- Leather Wrapped Steering Or Gear KnobStandard
Exterior Specification
- Front Fog LampsStandard
- Rear Fog LampsStandard
- Rear SpoilerNot Available
- Rear DefoggerNot Available
- Rain-sensing Front WipersStandard
- Rear WiperNot Available
- Body Colored BumpersStandard
- Tubeless TyresStandard
- Wheel CoversNot Available
- Roof AntennaStandard
- Electrically Adjustable Outside MirrorsStandard
- Alloy WheelsStandard
Comfort And Convenience Specification
- Power WindowsStandard
- Power SteeringStandard
- Air ConditionerStandard
- Cd PlayerStandard
- Climate ControlStandard
- MP3 PlayerStandard
- AM Or FM RadioStandard
- Cruise ControlStandard
- LCD MonitorStandard
- Power Door LocksStandard
- Reverse Parking SensorsNot Available
- Cup HolderStandard
Safety Specification
- Central LockingStandard
- ABS Brake SystemStandard
- AirbagsStandard
- Engine ImmobilizerStandard
- Remote Keyless EntryStandard
- Front Or Rear SeatbeltsStandard
- Child Safety Door LocksStandard
- Anti-theft AlarmStandard
- Crumple ZonesStandard
Dimensions Or Weight Specification
- Overall Length206.5
- Overall Height58.0
- Overall Width73.7
- Wheelbase124.6
- Ground Clearance5.8
- Kerb Weight4474
Capacity Or Volume Specification
- Fuel Tank Capacity23.8
- Seating Capacity5
Brakes Specification
- Rear BrakesDisc
- Front BrakesDisc
- Antilock Braking SystemStandard
Suspension Specification
- Front SuspensionIndependent
- Rear SuspensionIndependent
- Shock AbsorbersStandard
Wheels Or Tyres Specification
- Wheel TypeAlloy Wheel
- Wheel Size18 inches
- TyresAll Season
Fuel Economy Specification
- City19 MPG
- Highway25 MPG
- Overall21 MPG
- Fuel TypeHybrid Gas / Electric
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9 Innings: Pro Baseball 2013 Answers for iPhone - iPadHome / iPhone - iPad /
Game Questions & Answers (Q&A) service lets you ask questions about video games for game consoles or PC games. So ask your 9 Innings: Pro Baseball 2013 question for iPhone - iPad and get answers from real gamers or answer questions and share your insights and experience with the rest of the gaming community.
Boxshot & Details
- Developer: Com2us
- Publisher: Com2us
- Genre: Simulation
- Release: Jul 26, 2012
- ESRB: Not Set
Question & Answers
How Do I Change Difficulty?
I have a pretty good team an I easily win a majority of my games. Is there any way I can change the difficulty to a harder level?
Answer from: leafers
Sell your players
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9 Innings: Pro Baseball 2013 - Gameplay Trailer
- Nov 13, 2013, Views: 440
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Wage Determination and Incomes Policy in Open EconomiesInternational Monetary Fund 1986; US$ 9.25
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DEFINITION of 'Calgary Dollar'
A local currency used in Calgary, Canada. Calgary dollars are part of an initiative to encourage consumers to shop locally, to personalize economic transactions, to foster a sense of community and to increase local self-sufficiency/bioregionalism. Because it is not intended to replace the Canadian dollar, but rather to function alongside it, the Calgary dollar is considered a complementary currency. It is not possible to earn interest by saving Calgary dollars; they are meant to be spent.
Formerly known as a Bow Chinook Hour.
BREAKING DOWN 'Calgary Dollar'
A nonprofit group called the Arusha Centre founded the Calgary Dollars program in 1996 and has operated it ever since. Consumers and merchants must sign up to participate. Calgary dollars are plastic bills that come in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 dollars. They can be used to buy all the basics, like food, clothing and transportation as well as arts and leisure items. Calgary dollars are essentially a barter system. The system is legal and businesses pay taxes on the Calgary dollars they earn.
Participating local merchants can choose to accept Calgary dollars for 25% to 100% of the price of their goods and services. A customer might pay for a $20 purchase with $5 in Calgary dollars and $15 in Canadian dollars at a business that accepts 25% Calgary dollars.
Community CurrencyA form of paper scrip issued at the county, town or community ...
CAD (Canadian Dollar)The currency abbreviation or currency symbol for the Canadian ...
Fiscal LocalismInstitutionalized monetary exchange focused upon local and regional ...
Toronto DollarA local currency used in Toronto, Canada, primarily in the St. ...
CADWhat currency is CAD? CAD is the currency abbreviation or currency ...
Complementary Currency - CCA currency used in combination with other currencies, such as ...
Stock Analysis
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text:
Short Cuts
Author and Publisher - Catholic Online
Martyr. A priest in Carthage, he was apparently martyred with a layman named Felicissimus. He is revered as a martyr on the basis of St. Cyprian's observation that they had "witnessed a good confession for Christ," traditionally one of the euphemisms for martyrdom.
Gianna Francesca Beretta was born in Magenta in Italy. She was the tenth of thirteen children in her family, only nine of whom survived to adulthood. When she was three, her family moved to ... continue reading
St. Dominic Savio was born in Italy in 1842. One day when he was just four, he disappeared and his good mother went looking for him. She found the little fellow in a corner praying with his ... continue reading
Also called Euphemianus, a widow, born in Constantinople. From a good family, Anne was forced to marry. When widowed, she assumed a male disguise and the name of Euphemianus. As this male, ... continue reading
Marculf is also known as Marcoul. He was born at Bayeux, Gaul, at noble parents. He was ordained when he was thirty, and did missionary work at Coutances. Desirous of living as a hermit, he was ... continue readingMore Saint of the Day
Saint Monica, also known as Monica of Hippo, is St. Augustine of Hippo's mother. She was born in 331 A.D. in Tagaste, which is present-day Algeria. When she was very young, she was married off to the Roman pagan Patricius, who shared his mother's violent temper. ... continue readingMore Female Saints
Saint Michael the Archangel isn't a saint, but rather he is an angel, and the leader of all angels and of the army of God. This is what the title "Archangel" means, that he is above all the others in rank. St. Michael has four main responsibilities or offices, as we ... continue reading
Casimir grew up in a world where his life was not his own. As a prince of Poland, the second son of King Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Austria, his life was scheduled to cement his father's authority and increase Poland's power. Casimir realized from an early age ... continue reading
Although we have evidence that Agatha was venerated at least as far back as the sixth century, the only facts we have about her are that she was born in Sicily and died there a martyr. In the legend of her life, we are told that she belonged to a rich, important ... continue reading
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text:
BEGBIES TRAYNOR ADMINISTRATORS have managed to save regional solicitor firm Eastleys Solicitors through a pre-pack sale.
Anthony Fanshawe and Francis Savage were appointed on 3 August when the firm ran into financial difficulties.
The administrators managed to sell the solicitor firm to limited liability company Recompense, which will save the entire workforce consisting of 33 employees and two partners.
Eastleys Solicitors, which has offices in Paignton and Brixham, had a turnover of about £1.2m in 2011 and specialises in private client work as well as property conveyancing and commercial litigation.
Fanshawe said: "While the business had run into financial difficulties, we wanted to ensure we secured the jobs of staff and put arrangements in place to enable what is a long-standing practice to continue to undertake its work.
"A sale-out of administration was the best solution for the business and for those working within the firm."
A pre-pack sale is where a business is marketed prior to entering an insolvency process and sold immediately after administrators' appointment. However, some institutes that regulate practitioners determine a pre-pack is any sale of a collapsed company that takes place within 7 days of it entering administration.
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R3 calls for creditor 'breathing space' to help turn companies around
A short moratorium will give struggling companies a chance to be open with their creditors and negotiate a way out of their problems transparently, says Sykes


text:
Various Cheats and Hints for Madden NFL 2001Home / Nintendo 64 /
This page contains Madden NFL 2001 Hints for Nintendo 64 called "Various Cheats and Hints" and has been posted or updated on Aug 21, 2008 by codstar18.
- Developer: Ea Tiburon
- Publisher: Ea Sports
- Genre: Sports
- Release: Aug 28, 2000
- ESRB: Everyone
Various Cheats and Hints
Always receive:
Press Start at the coin toss screen before anything appears when playing against the CPU.
Final Madden Card:
Buy all Gold, Silver, And bronze Madden Cards in each set of fourteen. After all 296 cards have been obtained, a 297th card (number 000) with the All-Time Madden team will be unlocked. You can use the Madden Cards to put players on rosters, cheats within the game, use legendary players, and unlock old teams, stadiums, or legendary teams.
Unlimited Madden Card use:
Unlock a Madden Card and save your profile before adding the card to the game that is currently loaded. Then, select the "Add Player To Roster" option, and reset the Nintendo 64. Load your saved profile and the card will still be available.
Easy Madden Cards:
Note: This trick requires a controller pak to save your user profile. Go to "Custom Options" and highlight "Load". Load the user profile until there are four of the same profile. Go to Madden Cards and trade a Bronze Card for three Gold Cards. Repeat, then save your user profile and reset he game. Keep repeating this to get tokens to buy Madden Cards.
Easier Juking in a kick off return:
When receiving the ball on a kick off return, follow closely behind your lead blocker (the second recipient of the ball). Just as the secondary line of men make contact to block the rushers, press the L/Z or R to juke out your opponents. If timed correctly, this will throw all of the rushers out of synch, and allow your blockers to pick each one of them up. As you pass this line of rushers, there will be a few solo ones in the backfield. Just juke them out and you should have a touchdown return.
Bust through line:
When you are running the ball, frequently press A and your player will charge through and at least try to get through the hole.
First down:
Select special teams, and choose "Fake punt". The CPU will call an audible, and either L or R will be open for a pass for the first down.
Jersey numbers:
When the sideline is shown, the team that is standing there all have the same numbers (usually 88 or 89).
Knock down referee:
When on defense get up to a referee and get on him. When the play starts you will knock him down. You have to get right on the referee for this to happen.
Tackle while sliding on the ground:
When on defense close to your defending endzone, run into the goal post. Make sure you are still on the ground when the other team hikes the ball. If done correctly, your player will slide on the ground able to tackle as normal. This is best done when playing two or more players on different teams.
Please submit a problem for any incomplete, non-working or fake cheat listed above.Back to all Cheats
Stuck in this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let other gamers answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an expert then please try to help others with their questions.
From: blocker
Posted on: 07-20-2012
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2016-04-19 My Spokane Garden
Spring came early this year, and put on quite a show.Lilacs and tulips start the year's performance.
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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|April 17, 2012 10:41 AM EDT
BURLINGAME, Calif., April 17, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- MotionDSP, a Silicon Valley-based company that develops advanced, real-time image processing software for video enhancement and analytics, enabling full motion video (FMV) analysts to see better and deliver better real-time intelligence to the warfighter, will be presenting and exhibiting at the Full Motion Video for Defense Summit.
The three-day conference, sponsored by the Institute for Defense and Government Advancement (IDGA), will focus on the latest FMV advancements, overcoming challenges in data shortage, retrieval and analysis, and improving FMV footage in real-time to protect our troops.
Who: Dr. Sean Varah, Chief Executive Officer, MotionDSP
What: Dr. Varah will deliver a speech entitled "Real-time FMV/WAMI image processing." The address will focus on the following topics:
- How high-performance image processing software can address critical DoD challenges with video quality and operator productivity
- What computational challenges are coming with the move to HD FMV and WAMI sources
- How inexpensive graphics processors (GPUs) are a viable solution for scalable, real-time FMV and WAMI processing and
- What DoD systems architects should be considering in next-generation "cloud" architectures.
Where: Hilton Alexandria Mark Center, 5000 Seminary Road, Alexandria, VA 22311, Virginia
When: Dr. Varah will deliver his speech on Tuesday, April 24, 2012, 1:30 pm.
Exhibitor: MotionDSP will also exhibit at the event and release their latest solution, Ikena ISR 3, with endless mosaicing, VMTI, and super-resolution detail capabilities.
Register: Please go to http://www.fullmotionvideoevent.com/Event.aspx?id=678806, discount code "FMVM"
About MotionDSP
Headquartered in Burlingame, California, MotionDSP is a leading innovator in advanced, GPU-accelerated image processing software. MotionDSP's "Ikena" (Ee-Kehn-Ah) family of products dramatically improve the quality of video captured by a wide range of sources--from surveillance cameras to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in law enforcement, commercial security, and military applications. MotionDSP's solutions support operational deployments within the US Department of Defense and National Intelligence agencies, and its customers also include the US Air Force, Navy, US Intelligence, and the world's leading video forensic labs such as the US Secret Service, NCIS, and the London Metropolitan Police (Scotland Yard).
SOURCE MotionDSP
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text:
Straight man in coma after gang thought he was gay
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Reader comments
This article is correct, we have bigots who live around us, we don't speak to anyone in our neighbourhood, we were told to list all the comments made to us over a period of time but the police weren't interested. There is no Gay Police surgery where we live it appears that these only happen in the Cities.
Against advice from the government and the courts, who have ruled that the human rights of the victims should take president over those of the perpetrators, Southwark Council refuses to publicise the identities of those it issues with ASBOs for hate crime and other anti-social behaviour.Offenders are free to continue in their ways without fear of being reported by the community for breach of ASBO conditions.A campaign has just started in Southwark to change this policy. Please support victims of homophobic hate crime in Southwark by signing the online petition :
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text:
RSE Remake Speculation Thread
View Single Post
December 6th, 2012 (6:49 PM).
OmegaRuby and AlphaSapphire
10000 year Emperor of Hoenn
Silver Tier
Join Date: Apr 2010
Location: Oregon
Age: 21
Gender: Male
Nature: Careful
Posts: 16,288
Originally Posted by
I'm not expecting anything exciting after what we got from Masuda last time. Maybe CoroCoro could hint at something to give us a sign.
Well it suppose to have some info on the new movie so maybe it'll show a new pokemon (maybe in a question mark) or perhaps a Hoenn Pokemon like Jiranchi or Deoxys like how Mew and Celebi appeared in two movies (in the case of Celebi for it's remake promotion movie)
Crimson Ruby, Indigo Sapphire, Green Emerald.
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text:
Meatballs With Buttermilk Gravy
Total Time
Prep 25 mins
Cook 40 mins
Posted for ZWT II - Germany This can be served over cooked noodles or Spaetzle. Found in Avons International Cookbook.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 egg, beaten
- 1⁄4 cup milk
- 1⁄4 cup fine dry breadcrumb
- 3⁄4 cup onion, finely chopped
- 1 1⁄2 teaspoons prepared mustard
- 1 1⁄4 teaspoons salt
- 1 dash pepper
- 1 1⁄2 lbs ground beef
- 1 tablespoon cooking oil
- 1 medium onion, sliced
- 1⁄4 cup all-purpose flour
- 2 cups buttermilk
- Combine egg and milk; stir in bread crumbs, chopped onion, mustard, salt, and pepper. Add meat; mix well. Shape into 30 1 1/2 inch meatballs (I make my meatballs smaller).
- In large skillet cook meatballs in hot oil, turning often, 25 minutes or until done. Remove Meatballs,reserving 2 tbls dripping.
- Add to drippings sliced onion; cook till tender. Stir together flour, 1/4 tsp salt, and buttermilk; add to skillet. Cook and stir till thickened and bubbly.
- Reduce heat. Return meatballs to skillet. Cook 2 minutes.
- Serve over hot cooked noodles or spaetzle.
Most Helpful
This was delicous and so easy too!! I was out of onions so I used onion powder instead. Also for the gravy, I used skim milk with lemon juice in it (instead of storebought buttermilk) and it was quite thick!(Just how I like it!!) Thanks for another great recipe Chabear01!
I can't really give stars to this recipe as I misread the instructions and had a bit of a boo boo :( You see I put in the meatballs the 2 cups of butter milk, and the result was a a bit strange. Good, but strange... I'll try to make this recipe later with the correct instructions.


text:
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We have an amazing and talented staff that can assist in finding the perfect dress or accessories for your next event. Please visit us at our full service boutique so we can better serve you!
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Relevant offers
The call is out to residents to report sightings of a rare and potentially invasive pest plant.
Biosecurity officer Deryn Dromgoole says Auckland Council's biosecurity team is treating the control of scrambling lily as a high priority and is calling on the public to help.
Seedling and adult scrambling lily plants, known as Geitonomplesium cymosum, were found in Rocky Bay in August.
The plant is a vigorous climber that forms dense infestations, smothering host plants with wiry green stems up to 12 metres long. The flowers, visible in spring and summer, are white to purplish-green with bright yellow anthers, appearing in small clusters. They later form green pea-like fruit that turns black.
"We need to ensure that we eradicate this pest plant and we are asking people, especially in the Omiha/Rocky Bay area to help. Please check your properties thoroughly and contact us if you suspect scrambling lily is present," Ms Dromgoole says.
Displays of this and other pest plants are being held to show islanders what to look out for. Check out the display at Auckland Council Service Centre, from November 5 to 9, the Weedbusters' stand at Rangihoua during the SeaLink Jassy Dean Trust Garden Safari on November 10 and 11 and at key events during the Waiheke Walking Festival which ends this Sunday.
Scrambling lily was first found in New Zealand in 2000 on the North Shore, then again in 2001 at Rocky Bay. The recent discovery indicates there may be further undiscovered mature plants elsewhere in or near Rocky Bay.
Contact Ms Dromgoole on 366 2000 x 8873, or 021 948 756 or email her at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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In Wiesel's uncensored Hebrew 'Night' manuscript, unveiled here for the first time, the author expresses desire to take revenge on the Hungarians, lashes out at fellow Jews and describes sexual scenes from the train to Auschwitz.03:47 01.05.16 | 5 comments
In 1967 there was a agreement (armistice) between Israel & Jordan not to cross the so called Green Line. That is all! All further negotiations are up to these countries. By the way it is disgusting if people like 'Sam' and other compare Israel with the apartheid regime in South Africa. It is plainly wrong and they mischievously denounce the only democracy among in the region.


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The Honda Classic
Saturday, March 02, 2013 08:00 am
Palm Beach Gardens , FL
PGA National Resort & Spa
400 Avenue Of The Champions
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Comedian Willie Barcena (The Tonight Show, Comedy Central) at Rooster T. Feathers
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
The last date listed for Comedian Willie Barcena was Sunday October 12, 2014 / 8:00pm.
Most Popular Comp Train Event Nearby
The Three Musketeers: Hilarious New Adaptation From Ken Ludwig
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With tongues as sharp as their rapiers (and hearts as enormous as their feather-plumed hats), the… More
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Featured review from Richard
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We were given an excellent table, front and center (party of 4). We all had a great time. Wille Barcena was great, and the first guy, the MC, was really good too. I liked the facility, but the crowd could've been better. If you can't take jokes about Sunnyvale, maybe a comedy club's not the right place for you.
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Rooster T Feathers is a small club with good priced drinks. But this is Sunnyvale and the acts that come here need not to be put off by the more conservative aspects of Sunnyvale. Each act mentioned "conservative" but then proceeded to denounce...continued
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This was my second time to Rooster T Feather's comedy club, and I'll probably go back. On this occasion the "warm up acts" were actually better than the headliner. The headliner seemed obsessed with talking about how some people "didn't get him"...continued
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I had never heard of Willie Barcena and while looking for something to do on a Saturday night I took a gamble and decided to check him out. Let me also state that I saw a clip of his material on youtube, BEFORE purchasing tickets for me and my...continued