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Helsingin yliopisto
Helsingfors universitet
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Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
Göhre, Felix
Helsingin yliopisto
Objective: Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery are rare vascular lesions. The overall incidence is less than 1%, representing around 7% of posterior circulation aneurysms. Due to this low incidence, most of the institutional series on PCA aneurysms are small and contain less than 25 patients. Only one other series comparable in scope to ours has been previously published. The presented study analyzes and describes the characteristic features of PCA aneurysms as well as investigates the relevant treatment strategies and their outcomes. A particular focus is in the description and analysis of PCA aneurysms treated from a subtemporal approach and the pres - entation of an associated aneurysm treatment from a lateral supraorbital approach. Patients and Methods: We reviewed 121 patients diagnosed with 135 PCA aneurysms, all of whom were treated between 1980 and 2012 at two Finnish neurosurgical units (Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio and Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Helsinki). Additionally, twelve historical (pre-1980) cases were presented. Detailed analyses of cerebral angiographies were conducted for 93 PCA aneurysms in 81 patients. A further subgroup analysis of 34 patients diagnosed with 37 PCA aneurysms treated via subtemporal approach was also performed. Results: Of the 121 patients with 135 PCA aneurysms, 52 (39%) aneurysms were ruptured and 83 (61%) unruptured . The following distribution along the PCA segments was observed: P1 segment (n=53), P1/2 junction (n=39), P2 segment (n=28), and P3 segment (n=15); no P4 segment aneurysms were found. Saccular aneurysms were more common than fusiform PCA aneurysms (76% vs. 24%). The detailed angiographic analysis showed that the median aneurysm size was 7 mm for ruptured PCA aneurysms and 4 mm for unruptured aneurysms. Saccular aneurysms (n=69, 74%) had a characteristic dome projection for each location: P1 segment, upward (67%); P1/P2 junction, anterior/upward (80%); P2 segment, lateral (67%); and P3 segment, posterior (50%). The following treatment results at 1-year follow-up were achieved for patients with: unruptured PCA aneurysms (n=19; 12 good outcomes, 63%; 6 moderate, 31%; 1 poor, 5%), ruptured PCA aneurysms (n=27; 10 good, 37%; 9 moderate, 33%; 8 poor, 30%), and patients with complex neurovascular pathologies and PCA aneurysms (n=96; 42 good, 43%; 40 moderate, 42%; 14 poor, 15%). Analyzing the subtemporal approach we found that most complications were not related to the subtemporal approach itself but to the specific nature of the PCA aneurysms treated and the chosen strategy. The most common (12 out of 34; 35%) serious complication in this series was an ipsilateral PCA infarction after parent vessel occlusion. Conclusion: PCA aneurysms are infrequent vascular lesions that are often associated with other vascular pathologies. Most ruptured PCA aneurysms are smaller than 10 mm and distally located. The saccular PCA aneurysms have a typical dome orientation at each PCA segment. Microsurgery and endovascular treatment are effective options for the occlusion of PCA aneurysms. As a result, individual treatment strategies are required. Despite commonly adequate vessel collateralization of the distal PCA territory, preservation or reconstruction of the parent vessel is crucial for favorable treatment outcomes. The subtemporal approach is favorable for the treatment of PCA aneurysms in proximity to the tentorium. Frontolateral approaches allow the treatment of proximal PCA aneurysms and ipsilateral anterior circulation aneurysms inside the Circle of Willis.
Acute severe complications of otitis media in children and adults
Laulajainen-Hongisto, Anu
Helsingin yliopisto
Acute otitis media (AOM) is an infection that is particularly common in children. The bacterial etiology of AOM, in both children and adults, affects its clinical picture. While in some cases the infection can simply be carefully monitored without treatment, antimicrobials are often prescribed. Caution is required, however, when prescribing antimicrobials as their excessive use has led to antimicrobial resistance; this resistance has been seen among some of the causative pathogens for these infections. Before the development of antimicrobial treatment, complications due to middle ear infections were common, potentially causing severe symptoms or even death. Some middle ear infections spread into surrounding structures, leading to intratemporal or extratemporal (extracranial or intracranial) complications. This thesis focuses on complicated otitis media and the causative factors of its complications. In the first two studies, we evaluated the medical records of all (n=100) children (0-16 years old) hospitalized at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology in the Helsinki University Hospital from 2003 to 2012 for acute mastoiditis (AM) or AOM, as well as the infection s bacteriology in relation to the patient s clinical findings and treatment. Using this information, we analyzed the differences in the etiologies and clinical pictures of those children hospitalized due to AOM compared to AM. In our third study, we examined the medical records of all (n=166) patients hospitalized at our institution from 1970 to 2012 due to intracranial abscesses (IA), including those of otogenic background (oIA). In the fourth study, we evaluated the bacteriology in relation to the patients clinical findings and treatment in all (n=160) adult patients treated at our institution from 2003 to 2012 for AOM or acute mastoid infection. In adults, acute mastoid infection was subclassified into AM, latent mastoiditis (LM), and AM following chronic middle ear infection (AMc). The clinical picture of AM in children differed according to the causative pathogen. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc), especially its resistant strains, caused severe symptoms and often led to mastoidectomies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps) typically affected older children with prior tympanostomy tubes and generally caused milder symptoms. Furthermore, the bacteriological etiology of hospitalized AOM and AM patients was different compared to outpatient AOM. Two of the typical AOM pathogens, Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mc), were uncommon among the hospitalized patients. Pnc, especially its resistant strains, was less common in children hospitalized for AOM compared to AM, and less common in adults than children. Streptococcus pyogenes (StrA) and Ps were both linked to otorrhea and were found only in older children. Over our 42 year study period, oIAs became less common and typically developed following chronic middle ear infections, often in connection with cholesteatoma. In adults, the bacteriological etiology and clinical picture of AMc differed from AOM as well as the other acute mastoid infection types (AM, LM). AOM and AM led to less surgical procedures than the more prolonged forms of acute mastoid infection (LM, AMc). In children, the hospitalized cases of AOM and AM differed from outpatient AOM. In adults, severe AOM, AM, and LM seem to compose a continuum that may lead to chronic otitis media and its acute complications, including oIAs. Otogenic IAs are quite rare, however, and became less common over our study period.
Prevalence, predictors and prognosis of depressive disorders in the general population. : A longitudinal population study.
Markkula, Niina
Helsingin yliopisto
Depressive disorders are a major public health concern worldwide due to their pervasiveness, often chronic or recurrent course and serious adverse outcomes. These include psychosocial disability, reduced quality of life, physical health problems and increased mortality. This study examined prevalence, predictors and different adverse outcomes of depressive disorders (major depressive disorder and dysthymia) in a general population setting. Specifically, the study aimed to establish the prevalence of depressive disorders in Finland in 2011 and assess possible changes over the past decade; to examine risk factors for new-onset depressive disorders; to investigate the long-term prognosis of depressive disorders and its determinants; and to assess excess mortality associated with depressive, anxiety and alcohol use disorders. A large longitudinal study of the Finnish population, consisting of the Health 2000 and Health 2011 Surveys, was used to investigate these questions. The survey data was complemented with data from the Care Register for Health Care and the Finnish Causes of Death Statistics. The results show that one in 10 adults in Finland suffered from a depressive disorder in 2011, and the prevalence increased from 2000 to 2011, particularly among women. Methods to account for non-participation also showed that the non-participation of people with depressive disorders in population studies significantly biases prevalence estimates. People who were younger, had a history of multiple childhood adversities, lower trust axis of social capital, or an anxiety disorder or subclinical depressive symptoms at baseline, had a higher risk of developing depressive disorders. In addition, having three or more physical diseases was a risk factor for dysthymia. Among people with depressive disorders at baseline, 34-43% still had some depressive, anxiety or alcohol use disorder after 11 years, and 48-61% had clinically significant depressive symptoms. Unmarried people and those with more severe initial symptoms had a higher risk of persistent course. People with depressive disorders had a twofold mortality risk, whereas the risk was 1.7-fold in alcohol use disorders and was not increased in anxiety disorders, when adjusted for other risk factors. This study confirms that depression is an increasing public health concern in Finland, and that depressive disorders have serious long-term consequences. To reduce the burden of depressive disorders, it is of key importance to develop primary prevention efforts and measures to reduce the negative health and social consequences of depression.
Regulation of angiotensin II type receptor by its messenger RNA-binding proteins
Backlund, Michael
Helsingin yliopisto
The renin-angiotensin system is a key regulator of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. Most hemodynamic responses to angiotensin II are mediated via angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). The 3 -untranslated region (3 UTR) of AT1R mRNA is important in posttranscriptional regulation of AT1R expression. It contains multiple adenylate-uridylate-rich elements that are recognized by various RNA-binding proteins (RNBP) affecting the stability, conformation, subcellular localization, and translation of their target mRNAs. The aim of this study was to identify novel AT1R 3 UTR-binding RNBPs and understand their physiological role in AT1R function. AT1R 3 UTR-associated RNBPs were isolated from human vascular smooth muscle cells by protein affinity purification using AT1R 3 UTR as a probe. Mass spectrometric identification of the isolated proteins led to identification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Hu antigen R (HuR) and TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA-binding protein (TIA-1). GAPDH was identified as a novel AT1R mRNA-binding protein that suppresses AT1R translation. GAPDH binds to a hairpin-structure rich in adenosine and uridine in the proximal region of AT1R 3 UTR. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress increased AT1R expression by dissociating GAPDH from AT1R 3 UTR and relieving it from the GAPDH-mediated suppression. Insulin-induced increase in AT1R expression was shown to be posttranscriptionally mediated by HuR. Insulin stabilized AT1R mRNA in a 3 UTR-dependent manner and HuR was shown to bind AT1R 3 UTR. Insulin induced nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HuR to cytoplasm and increased HuR binding to AT1R 3 UTR. This increased AT1R expression via stabilization of AT1R mRNA. AT1R avoids the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated translational suppression. Binding of TIA-1 to AT1R 3 UTR was shown to suppress AT1R expression. TIA-1 normally colocalized with AT1R mRNA in the cytoplasm. However, during ER stress TIA-1 was dissociated and directed to translationally silenced stress granules, while AT1R mRNA remained excluded from them. Thus, AT1R mRNA avoids aggregation to SGs and TIA-1-mediated translational suppression during ER stress. In conclusion, oxidative stress, insulin, and ER stress regulates AT1R expression posttranscriptionally by affecting the binding of GAPDH, HuR, and TIA-1 to its mRNA 3 UTR.
Bacterial endotoxins in type 1 diabetes
Lassenius, Mariann
Helsingin yliopisto
Around one-third of patients with type 1 diabetes develop diabetic nephropathy. Even though the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is not fully understood, the process involves several environmental factors. Low grade inflammation has been linked to many metabolic diseases and is also evident in patients with type 1 diabetes, especially in the presence of nephropathy. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are powerful triggers of inflammation, but whether low grade inflammation is caused by these components is an open question. The aim of this thesis was to examine the relationship between LPS and the development of diabetic nephropathy, inflammation, vascular function, lipid metabolism, and intestinal homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes. The studies are part of the ongoing Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane), a nationwide, multicenter study that aims to identify genetic and environmental risk factors for the development of diabetic complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. Study I was a follow-up study, and Studies II IV were cross-sectional in their design. Renal status was verified at follow-up by laboratory data and a review of all available medical files (Study I). Study II included, in addition to patients with type 1 diabetes, patients with IgA glomerulonephritis and non-diabetic control subjects. The participants in Studies III and IV had three consecutive high-fat meals and were followed for 10 hours postprandially. Factors associated with endotoxemia, vascular function, inflammation, and lipid metabolism were investigated. For all studies, LPS was measured by the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay from serum samples. In the patients with type 1 diabetes, high serum LPS activity at baseline was associated with the development of microalbuminuria during the follow-up. High serum LPS was also associated with features of the metabolic syndrome in both the patients with type 1 diabetes and the overweight non-diabetic controls. Of note, no accumulation of LPS in the circulation was evident in response to three high-fat meals. However, the patients with type 1 diabetes showed altered postprandial lipid metabolism and vascular response. Moreover, factors associated with gut homeostasis were altered in the patients with type 1 diabetes compared to the non-diabetic controls. We show that high serum LPS is associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy and features of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is associated with insulin resistance, and it is a risk factor for both diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. Endotoxins may affect the development of diabetic nephropathy through the direct disruption of the filtration barrier, but also through insulin resistance at both the tissue and systemic levels. In response to acute high-fat feeding, no evidence for LPS accumulation was seen. However, unfavorable changes in lipid metabolism and vascular response in patients with type 1 diabetes may render them at higher cardio-metabolic risk. This risk may be further enhanced by adverse changes in both inflammatory and protective factors in the gut, leading to a possibly higher gut permeability and an increase in circulating endotoxins.
Identification of a novel glioma homing peptide and functional characterization of its interacting partner, MDGI
Hyvönen, Maija
Gliomas, malignant brain tumors, are among the most aggressive cancers in adults. Due to their invasive growth, resistance mechanisms and tendency to relapse, the prognosis of high-grade glioma patients is very poor. Therefore, to improve therapeutic strategies it is essential to study molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of gliomas and identify novel, glioma-specific proteins that could be therapeutically targeted. In this study we first mapped vascular markers of malignant gliomas to find potential candidates for tumor targeting. By using in vivo phage display method we identified a peptide, CooP, which, after systemic delivery, specifically homed to brain tumor satellites and their vasculature in mice. Coop was successfully used in tumor imaging and targeted drug delivery. We also identified mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) as an interacting partner for CooP in the brain tumor tissue and tumor-associated vasculature. Homing peptide-conjugated nanocarriers have shown great potential in targeting various tumors, including gliomas. Therefore, we estimated the potential of CooP peptide in the surface functionalization and targeted delivery of porous silica nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. CooP-functionalized particles were shown to be stable, non-toxic and suitable for targeting MDGI expressing subcutanous xenografts. In the last part of this study we characterized the expression and function of MDGI in gliomas. Our immunohistochemical analyses revealed abundant MDGI expression in clinical brain tumor specimens and patient-derived gliospheres. In lower-grade glioma patients MDGI expression correlated with poorer overall survival. Importantly, also endothelium-associated expression of MDGI in the clinical samples was observed. Functional in vitro and ex vivo assays demonstrated that MDGI overexpression enhanced the aggressive growth of glioma cells, whereas even more striking changes occurred when MDGI was genetically silenced. MDGI silencing compromised the growth of human gliospheres, altered the expression of stress-related proteins, disrupted mitochondrial function and eventually caused apoptotic cell death. In addition, mass spectrometric analyses revealed significant changes in the intracellular metabolites after MDGI silencing. Together our results show that the glioma-specific CooP peptide can be utilized both in glioma imaging and targeted drug delivery as well as in biofunctionalization and targeting of nanoparticles in vivo. In addition, MDGI, the interacting partner of CooP, is abundantly expressed in malignant gliomas and essential for glioma cell survival. Since MDGI is reachable via intravenously injected agents, it could be a potential candidate for the targeted treatment of gliomas.
Animal models of early brain disorders: behavioural and electrophysiological approaches
Yukin, Alexey
Helsingin yliopisto
This Thesis addresses fundamental mechanisms of brain disorders that occur in preterm infants or during early childhood. To this end, we have developed animal models to mimic disorder-specific pathological conditions in the brain. During critical periods of development of the mammalian brain, cell migration and synapse formation are crucially important to set up newly developed neuronal circuits that will support complex network activity. A particular set of cells, the subplate neurons, is the first to mature during the earliest stages of cortical development. These neurons act as transient relay and processing station for signals coming from subcortical structures to the cortex. Their high dependence on oxygen supply makes them vulnerable to injuries that take place during pregnancy. In the present work, conditions of this kind were mimicked by specific toxin-based ablation of subplate neurons. At a more advanced stage of brain development, a very common type of brain disorder is febrile seizures (FS). They represent convulsive events in humans that are promoted by respiratory alkalosis during febrile illness. The global incidence of FS is estimated from 2 to 14 % (depending on ethnicity) of all children in the age of 6 months to 5 years. Using an animal based on 13-14 day old rats exposed to hyperthermia, we show that a pro-excitatory action of GABA based on the neuron-specific carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoform VII is crucially involved in the generation of these seizures. Finally, while it is widely assumed that FS are limbic in origin, this Thesis provides new evidence that the brainstem can have an independent and prominent role in the generation of FS, and also of convulsions induced by kainic acid, which so far, have been considered prototypical in studies of limbic seizures. As a whole, this work demonstrates the high utility and heuristic value of custom-designed animal models in studies of basic mechanisms and consequences of disorders in the developing brain.
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep-wakefulness cycle
Rozov, Stanislav
Helsingin yliopisto
The histaminergic neurons of the hypothalamus in conjunction with hypocretinergic cells, monoaminergic nuclei of the brainstem and basal forebrain centers, constitute the ascending arousal system that plays a pivotal role in maintenance of wakefulness state. It has predominantly inhibitory reciprocal connections to their sleep-active counterparts, which enables an efficient transition between wakefulness and sleep. In combination with the circadian clock and homeostatic regulation of sleep its forms a network that regulate the sleep-wakefulness cycle. Because of the complex organization, it becomes difficult to estimate the significance of the crosstalk between the individual components of this regulatory network. Therefore, we focused on examination of interactions between the histaminergic system, the circadian and homeostatic components. We used electroencephalography in combination with behavioral analysis to quantify changes in spontaneous locomotion, wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep stages in response to an alterations of pacemaker rhythm. The shortening of the light-dark cycle led to re-distribution of these parameters towards aperiodicity, as well as increased sleep propensity, diminished daily rhythms of power of high θ-, and γ-waves, which are characteristic of an active wakefulness state as well as strengthened the phase-amplitude coupling between these frequencies. We used in vivo microdialysis in combination with sleep deprivation to understand the histaminergic regulation of homeostatic sleep propensity. During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. To assess the effects of circadian regulation on histaminergic neurons, we estimated the daily changes of activities of the key enzymes involved in the histamine metabolism, histidine decarboxylase and histamine-N-methyltransferase as well as diurnal profile of histamine release. The 24-hour rhythms of production and release of histamine and its metabolite, 1-methylhistamine were detected, whereas activities of the enzymes had no detectable diurnal rhythm. Histamine release was highly positively correlated with changes in the power of the θ-frequency range. In order to understand the possible role of the histaminergic regulation of circadian system functioning we utilized mouse strains that constitutively lack histamine 1 and 3 receptors. The lack of histamine 1 receptor had no effects on the circadian rhythm of spontaneous locomotion, but the knockout of the histamine 3 receptor resulted in a substantial reduction of free-running activity rhythm amplitude. The expressions of the core clock genes, Per1, Per2 and Bmal1, in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, the cerebral cortex and the striatum were not affected in these knockout models. Based on the acquired results we concluded that the circadian process may affect homeostatic regulation, thus indicating an interaction of these processes. The circadian regulation of the histaminergic neurons takes place mainly at the level of histamine accumulation and release. In contrast, alterations in histamine-mediated signal transduction caused only minor alterations in examined circadian rhythms. Finally, we could not find evidence of an involvement of the histamine in homeostatic regulation of sleep-wakefulness cycle.
Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Finnish intensive care units
Vaahersalo, Jukka
Helsingin yliopisto
Aims The objectives of this study were to evaluate the incidence and neurological outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in Finnish intensive care units (ICU). This study also investigated the use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH), arterial blood gas (ABG) pressures and different biomarkers association with one-year neurological outcome after OHCA. Materials and methods The FINNRESUSCI study was conducted in 21 out of 22 ICUs in Finland during a one-year study period. All adult patients after OHCA who were treated in ICU were included. Blood samples for biomarker evaluation were collected and neurological outcomes were determined 12 months after CA. All patients were included when evaluated the incidence, the implementation of TH and outcomes. In Study II, all ABG samples obtained from mechanically ventilated patients during the first 24h from ICU admission. In Study III and IV, biomarkers were measured from patients resuscitated from VF/VT. Main results FINNRESUSCI study included 548 patients, of whom 311 (56.8%) had shockable (VF/VT) and 237 (43.2%) non-shockable (PEA or asystole) as an initial rhythm. TH was induced totally in 311 unconscious patients 85.8% in VF/VT and 31.4% in PEA or asystole group. Good neurologic outcome was achieved in 58.0% patients with shockable rhythms and in 19.4% with non-shockable rhythms after TH treatment. The mean PaCO2 tension during the first 24-hour in ICU was an independent predictor of a good outcome with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.054, but the mean PaO2 tension was not. The time spent above PaCO2 45 mmHg was associated with good neurologic outcome and patients with the highest mean PaCO2 and PaO2 values had better neurologic outcome than predicted with an OR of 3.2 (95% CI 1.1-9.2). IL-6 and S-100B was associated with time to ROSC and poor neurological outcome (p less than 0.001). Admission IL-6 was associated with extra-cerebral organ dysfunction (p less than 0.001) and was an independent predictor of poor neurological outcome with an OR of 1.006 (95% CI 1.000-1.011). Hs-TnT levels were elevated in all of the patients, higher in patients with poor vs. good neurological outcome 739 vs. 334 ng/l (p=0.028), but there was no statistical difference in mortality. Conclusions TH is well implemented in clinical practice in Finnish ICUs. The majority of OHCA patients with shockable rhythms survive with good neurology, while the outcome of patients with non-shockable rhythms is poorer despite the TH treatment. There was no harmful association between hyperoxia and outcome, but instead mild hypercapnia combined with mild hyperoxia might be beneficial during the first 24 hours. IL-6 was associated with extra-cerebral organ dysfunction and predicted neurological outcome after OHCA-VF/VT, while hs-TnT does not give any additional prognostic information.
Complications and compromised healing in mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomies
Kuhlefelt, Marina
Helsingin yliopisto
Smoking cessation and surgical planning decrease complications and compromised healing in patients undergoing orthognatic surgery Orthognatic surgery is surgery for the correction of discrepancies in the facial skeleton. The main aim of the thesis was to identify factors that increase complications and compromised healing in these patients. Medical records of orthognatic patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland were retrieved retrospectively for the first two studies. For the last two studies patients planned for bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) were recruited at the Department before surgery and followed up for one year. The outcome variable in the first study was the removal of one symptomatic titanium miniplate, whereas in the second study it was a surgical site infection. The predictor variables were age, gender, smoking status, duration of operation, general diseases, dimensions of mandibular movement and osteosynthesis supporting material. The main outcome variable in the third study was neurosensory disturbance, whereas in the last study it was temporomandibular disorders at one year post-operative. The main predictor variable in the third study was the degree of manipulation of the mandibular nerve and in the last study TMD before surgery, evaluated by the Helkimo Dysfunction index. Explanatory variables age, gender, smoking status, mandibular advancement and duration of operation were also recorded for the statistical analyses. 19.0% of the inserted miniplates were removed in 153 BSSO patients. Plate-related reasons for removal were infection and screw-loosening. 9.1% of the patients (n= 286) in the second study had a surgical site infection. Smoking was the only significant predictor for infections or removal of osteosynthesis material. 90.2% BSSO patients (n= 41) reported altered sensations in the lower lip one year after surgery. The disturbance tended to increase the more the mandibular nerve was manipulated during surgery. Four patients had a visible nerve laceration and all of them experienced a major burden of the altered sensation. Two of these patients (4.9%) had neuropathic pain. Most patients were satisfied with the treatment, but the four patients with visible nerve lacerations were not. A substantial proportion (42.5%) of the patients in the last study had TMD as one of the reasons for seeking treatment. The TMD did not change after treatment in the majority of patients (60%), 30% improved and for 10% the situation impaired. The main finding was that smoking cessation will reduce infections and the need for removal of osteosynthesis material. Regarding neurosensory complications, the surgical technique does matter, and nerve manipulation and lacerations should be avoided at all costs. TMD symptoms improved for only 30% of patients undergoing BSSO. Thus BSSO is not a predictable treatment for TMD patients.
Increased fetal nuchal translucency in the first-trimester screening: pregnancy outcomes and a long-term follow-up of children
Äyräs, Outi
Helsingin yliopisto
Background: Increased nuchal translucency (NT) has been used as a screening method for fetal aneuploidies since 1990s. It is also known to be associated with a wide variety of structural defects and genetic syndromes. Long-term studies with a large cohort about the neurodevelopmental outcome of euploid children with increased fetal NT are sparse and the neurodevelopment is worth further study. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to collect data on the pregnancy outcomes, long-term neurodevelopmental and overall outcomes in a large cohort of fetuses with increased NT from singleton pregnancies in order to improve parental counselling. Material: All singleton pregnancies referred to the Department of Fetal Medicine at the Helsinki University Hospital due to increased NT in the first-trimester screening during 2002 2007 were studied. The outcome data were retrieved from hospital databases and national registers. Results: There were 1063 fetuses with increased NT in the first-trimester screening. Abnormal karyotype was observed in 224 fetuses (21%) and adverse pregnancy outcome occurred in 322 (30%). Termination of pregnancy was performed in 209 (20%) and there were 43 (4%) miscarriages and perinatal deaths. Of the 834 euploid fetuses 74 (9%) had structural defects or genetic disorders. Favourable pregnancy outcome became less likely by increasing NT: favourable outcome occurred in 92% in the lowest NT group (95th percentile 3.4 mm) and in 18% in the highest NT group (≥ 6.5 mm). Of the euploid fetuses with normal second-trimester ultrasound examination 96% were healthy at the discharge from the delivery hospital. During the follow-up (mean 6.5 years) neurodevelopmental impairment was detected in 29 (4.2%) and it was severe in 12 (1.7%). Major structural defects, severe neurodevelopmental impairment, or genetic disorders were detected in 54 cases (7%). Conclusion: One in five fetuses with increased NT (≥ 95th percentile) has chromosomal abnormalities and one in ten of the euploid fetuses has structural defects or genetic syndromes. Major health impairment (major structural defect, severe neurodevelopmental impairment, or genetic syndrome) is likely to be detected in 7% of euploid children with increased NT in the first-trimester screening but normal findings in the second-trimester screening. These results are helpful in counselling the parents when increased NT is detected.
Ilander, Mette
Helsingin yliopisto
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is caused by a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. As a result of the translocation Philadelphia chromosome that contains a malignant oncogene is formed. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target the malignant oncokinase that is produced from the oncogene and drives the development of CML. The prognosis of CML patients has improved significantly after the emergence of the TKI therapy. Some patients can even stop the treatment without imminent disease relapse. However, it has been shown that patients who stay in remission without any treatment still have leukemic cells left. We hypothesised that the immune system is able to keep these cells under control and studied the mechanisms behind immune surveillance by analysing the immune cell phenotype and function in CML patients. The results of this thesis show that the immune system plays a role in the successful discontinuation of the treatment. The results from 3 separate studies suggested that natural killer cells are important in successful treatment discontinuation in CML, and that they might be capable of activating T cells and adaptive immunity to keep leukaemia under control. We further studied the effects of 2nd generation TKI dasatinib, known to have immunomodulatory effects. We observed that dasatinib treatment increased the number of Granzyme B expressing memory CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, which were highly active by secreting interferon (IFN-. We hypothesise that these cells may have a role in the anti-leukaemia immune activity, as IFN- is known to be important in tumour control. The dasatinib induced antitumour immune effects were confirmed in a B16.OVA mouse melanoma model. We were able to demonstrate that dasatinib treatment increases the amount of tumour-infiltrating CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and induces a tumour size reduction dependent on the presence of functional T cells. Taken together, this thesis work illustrates the significance of an active immune system in successful treatment discontinuation in CML. Based on our results it would be important to combine immune activating agents in the future treatment strategies of CML in order to increase the number of patients who are able to successfully discontinue the treatment and be cured.
Accelerated aging after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood : Early menopause, premature cardiovascular aging and frailty
Vatanen, Anu
Helsingin yliopisto
Long-term ovarian function was retrospectively evaluated after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in childhood and adolescence. Cardiovascular risk factors, arterial morphology and stiffness, left ventricular (LV) mass and function, physical fitness and frailty were investigated in adult and adolescent survivors of high-risk neuroblastoma (HR NBL) after autologous HSCT in childhood. The first study population included a cohort of 92 female long-term survivors who were less than 20 years of age when treated at the Children s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, or Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, between 1978 and 2000. The follow-up data included signs of spontaneous puberty, age at menarche, the use of hormone replacement therapy, pregnancies, and information about pubertal or postpubertal serum FSH levels. The second study population included the Finnish national cohort of 19 long-term HR NBL survivors treated between 1980 and 2000, and 20 age- and sex-matched controls. Clinical examinations included 24h ambulatory blood pressure (BP), very-high-resolution vascular ultrasound, 3D echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging ultrasounds, body composition, physical performance tests and interview. Older age at HSCT and total body irradiation and busulfan-based conditionings were risk factors for early ovarian aging. Leukemia survivors with previous cranial radiotherapy or transplanted after disease relapse were at high risk of premature ovarian failure. The HR NBL survivors showed increased carotid intima-media thickness, plaque formation and stiffness, increased radial artery intima thickness, and increased cardiovascular risk profile when compared to the controls. They had increased LV mass, decreased systolic and diastolic LV function when compared to the controls. Poor LV function associated with cardiac biomarkers, poor physical performance and increased BP. The survivors showed shorter telomere length and increased frequency of frailty phenotype when compared to the controls. The frailty phenotype associated with cardiovascular health and chronic inflammation. In conclusion, our study shows that the adult survivors after HSCT in young age are at risk of early reproductive and vascular aging and frailty. The survivors of pediatric HSCT require regular follow-up in adulthood and interventions for declining ovarian function, cardiovascular risk factors, high BP, subclinical signs of atherosclerosis and decreased cardiac function. Since lifestyle choices can influence cardiovascular health and frailty status, a healthy non-smoking lifestyle and physical activity should be advocated among all survivors who have received HSCT in childhood.
Koskinen, Anni
Helsingin yliopisto
Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It is diagnosed by typical symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks and/or a computed tomography scan (CT) and/or endoscopic changes. In Europe the prevalence of CRS has been found to be 10.9% 1. The treatment of CRS is primarily conservative, with nasal saline irrigations and topical intranasal corticosteroids. Antibiotics are used primarily only during exacerbations. Comorbidities such as asthma and allergy should be treated efficiently as they can predispose to CRS. Immunodeficiency can also be discovered behind CRS or vice versa. Especially defects in humoral immunity are thought to be more prevalent among CRS patients than healthy controls 2. If conservative treatment of CRS fails, surgery is indicated. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a well-established strategy in the treatment of patients with CRS refractory to maximum medical therapy. During the last decade balloon sinuplasty has partly replaced ESS in the treatment of CRS. In balloon sinuplasty the natural ostium of the sinus is dilated without removing mucosa or bone. Methods: First we performed a retrospective controlled study in which we compared humoral immunity between chronic- or recurrent rhinosinusitis patients and healthy controls. Immune responses to tetanus and diphtheria vaccines were evaluated by measuring specific antibody levels of the serum samples of 25 CRS patients and 30 control patients. Next we performed a retrospective controlled study in which we compared ESS and balloon sinuplasty in the treatment of CRS. In this study 208 patients with CRS without nasal polyps underwent either balloon sinuplasty or ESS of maxillary sinuses. Forty-five ESS patients and 40 balloon patients met the inclusion criteria. These patients were sent a postal questionnaire approximately 28 months postoperatively. Patient history factors, number of exacerbations, and a visual analog scale (VAS) scoring the change in symptoms between preoperative and postoperative status were evaluated. We also analysed intra- and early postoperative factors, such as operation time, anesthesia method and complications among the same patients treated either with ESS and balloon sinuplasty. To investigate the long-term efficacy and satisfaction among these patients we performed a phone-interview on average six years after the primary surgery. Patients were asked to compare present symptom status with the symptoms before the operation. Number of exacerbations and need for revision surgery were also evaluated. Results: We were able to show that after vaccination patients with chronic- or recurrent rhinosinusitis had on average 4.08-fold lower responses to diphteria toxoid than healthy controls recruited from hospital personnel. Antibody levels to tetanus toxoid were on average 2.20-fold lower among CRS patients than in the healthy control group. Fourteen out of the 25 rhinosinusitis patients had antibody levels that did not reach the 95% normal distribution range of healthy controls after either diphteria or tetanus vaccination. In the retrospective study comparing ESS and balloon sinuplasty, the groups were identical in response rate and patient characteristics. The duration of sick leave was significantly longer in the ESS group. However, the duration of sick leave was only an estimate of the recovery time made by the operating surgeon and does not necessarily correlate to the true recovery time. Eight ESS operated patients were detected with adhesions, as no adhesions were found in the balloon sinuplasty group. In the first questionnaire study, patients in both groups experienced equal improvement of all asked symptoms. The balloon sinuplasty group reported a statistically significant higher number of maxillary sinus punctures and antibiotic courses during the last 12 months. According to the phone-interview study, enrolled approximately six years after the primary operation, both groups experienced improvement in all symptoms and were equally satisfied with the operation. The number of patient-reported acute exacerbations was again higher among the balloon dilated patients. Four patients in the balloon sinuplasty group underwent revision surgery. There were no revisions in the ESS group. These findings were statistically significant. Conclusion: A significant proportion of our study patients had reduced antibody responses to protein vaccines. This could indicate that CRS patients might have impaired humoral immunity predisposing them to chronic and/or recurrent infections. Responses to protein vaccines might be used to evaluate immune status of CRS patients. Results of our study comparing ESS and balloon sinuplasty showed that the techniques seemed comparable in terms of operation time, anesthesia method and low complication rate. The putative benefits of balloon sinuplasty might be lower adhesion formation, shorter recovery time and possibility to be performed in-office. Except the increased number of revisions in the balloon sinuplasty group, both techniques seemed to retain the efficacy and patient satisfaction in average two and six years after the surgery. Patients in our study were carefully selected with neither nasal polyposis nor severe sinonasal pathology. This should be borne in mind when applying these results in clinical practise. The role of balloon sinuplasty in the management of CRS patients with nasal polyposis or more extensive disease needs to be established by further studies.
Functional imaging of neural systems associated with alcohol reward and amphetamine toxicity
Dudek, Mateusz
Helsingin yliopisto
Alcohol addiction is one of the most prevalent brain disorders in the world. A major hurdle for reducing alcohol-related harms and developing effective treatments is the poor understanding of neural processes responsible for the development of dependence and addiction. Alcohol has been shown to affect various neurotransmitter systems; however, the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which projects from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), has been thought to play a key role in producing the reinforcing effects of alcohol. The VTA region has also been suggested to be the anatomical site for the interaction of the dopaminergic system with the opioidergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems. Here, manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) and behavioral tests were used to study drug-induced alterations in brain activity of the alcohol-preferring AA (Alko Alcohol) and heterogeneous Wistar rats. MEMRI is based on the ability of paramagnetic Mn2+ ions to accumulate in excitable neurons, thus enhancing the T1-weighted signal in activated brain regions. Mn2+ ions can also be transported anterogradely and retrogradely in neurons, released to the synaptic cleft, and taken up by other neurons. These properties allow MEMRI to measure long-term changes in brain activity, as well as map neural pathways involved in acute and long-term drug actions, including drug reward and toxicity. The AA rats exposed to alcohol compared to water controls displayed a widespread and persistent activation in brain regions that have been previously linked with alcohol reinforcement. Similarly, activity in neural pathways originating in the NAc and projecting caudally to the midbrain was enhanced in alcohol drinking rats. Moreover, this alcohol-induced activation was blocked by systemic naltrexone (NLX) administration. Comparison of naïve AA and Wistar rats revealed a lowered basal activity in the caudal linear nucleus (CLi) of AA rats, which was restored by voluntary alcohol drinking. The intra-CLi γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA) agonist muscimol produced a dose-dependent increase in alcohol drinking, blocked by co-administration of the GABAA antagonist bicuculline, suggesting that the CLi GABAergic system is involved in the regulation of alcohol reward. MEMRI was also employed for assessing stimulant-induced toxicity. Methamphetamine and mephedron displayed disparate effects on brain activity, as methamphetamine produced widespread decreases in activity, whereas mephedron increased activity in limited brain areas. Taken together, the use of MEMRI for mapping alcohol- and stimulant-induced alterations in functional brain activity revealed networks and specific pathways that have potential for guiding further translational efforts to develop medications for drug abuse disorders, as well as for evaluating drug-induced toxicity.


text:
On the morning of Tuesday June 24th, I had the privilege of attending the ribbon cutting and dedication ceremony for the Robert A. Mielke Computer Lab at the Cudahy Family Library. Mr. Mielke has been very generous in donating to various causes and organizations here in the City of Cudahy for many years. Mr. Mielke surprised the Cudahy Family in April of 2014 with another generous donation to the Cudahy Family Library.
On behalf of the citizens of the City of Cudahy and all users of the Cudahy Family Library, I would like to thank Mr. Mielke for his generous donation.
Mayor John Hohenfeldt
City of Cudahy
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BBC News - Home, BBC News
Tue, 07/17/2012 - 4:38pm
The continuing power of kung-fu star Bruce Lee
Wopular is an
online newspaper rack,
giving you a summary view of the top headlines from the top news sites.
Senh Duong (Founder)Wopular,
MANCHESTER, England — Leicester missed its first chance to clinch the Premier League title, drawing 1-1 at Manchester United on Sunday to move within two points of the most unlikely championship victory in English soccer. Second-place Tottenham, which is eight points behind Leicester, must beat Chelsea away on Monday to keep alive the title race.
In addition, New Glarus' Oud Bruin is a Flanders-style with strong malt notes.
Callers sometimes threaten jail time and demand money on the spot.
For starters, Jason Lowery views money in colors. Whatever he spends is colored one of four ways.


text:
The Real Housewives of New York City 2008 | TV Show Watchlist
Season 3, Episode 5 Hot Off the Press
First Aired: April 1, 2010
Bethenny discovers she's the focus of a gossip article and comes to suspect that Jill was the source. Meanwhile, Kelly participates in an interview for her Playboy spread; Alex selects designers for a Brooklyn fashion event; Kelly receives an e-mail warning regarding Jill; and Bethenny attempts to call a truce with Jill.
Next On TVSee all »
Sun May 1 2:00pm
BBQ, Brunch or BustSeason 8, Episode 4 BRAVOI'll Watch43 Watching
Cast & Details See all »
- Premiered: March 4, 2008
- Rating: TV-14
- Premise: Reality dramas swirl around a group of upper-crust Big Apple women in this spin-off from "The Real Housewives of Orange County." (more)
Trending TonightSee all »
Game of Thrones9:00 pm | HBOEALI'll Watch262 Watching
Madam Secretary8:00 pm | CBSI'll Watch217 Watching
Quantico10:00 pm | ABCI'll Watch209 Watching
Popular Shows
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- 1. Melissa Benoist
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- 3. Gal Gadot
- 4. Jeffrey Dean Morgan
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text:
Walt Disney's eye-flapping photo of Sleet White's Deathly Adventures
Enjoy a trip recreating the deathly scenes and songs from Sleet White's legend. Enter the eight slobs' cottage, the haunted woods, and the workroom of the Narcissistic Queen's boudoir. But don't worry -- it will all end up privately ever after!
Run from Princess Mode
© copyright 2011–2016
A Pants Aflame production


text:
Isley Brothers bassist Marvin Isley died last Sunday morning (06.06.10) after apparently losing his battle with diabetes.
Isley Brothers bassist Marvin Isley has died.
The musician passed away on Sunday morning (06.06.10) at Chicago's Weiss Memorial Hospital aged 56.
According to Marvin's cousin Chris Jasper - who played keyboards for the R&B group - he died from diabetes, although this is yet to be confirmed.
Continue reading: Isley Brothers Bassist Dies
Isley Brothers star MARVIN ISLEY has died at the age of 56.
The bassist passed away on Sunday night (06Jun10) in Chicago, Illinois.
He became a member of the family soul supergroup in the 1970s alongside brother Ernie and cousin Chris Jasper.
Marvin has been credited with giving the group its funk sound on hits such as Fight the Power and That Lady.
Continue reading: Isley Brothers Star Marvin Dead At 56
Pamela Anderson has been named by California Franchise Tax Board as owing $500,000 in back taxes.
Pamela Anderson allegedly owes almost $500,000 in back taxes.
The former Playboy model and 'Baywatch' actress was sent a demand for $493,144, largely in Personal Income Tax in April last year and has been named by the California Franchise Tax Board as still owing the sum in its annual list of taxpayers who owe the board over $100,000.
Pamela, 42, and her lawyer, Robert T. Leonard, have declined to comment on the claims.
Continue reading: Pamela Anderson's $500k Tax Bill
Former American Idol finalist Jennifer Hudson was delighted to be receiving an award on the same stage where she competed on the show that made her a star.
Hudson, 25, broke through into the limelight for her starring role in Dreamgirls, the Oscar-winning picture based on the Broadway musical about a 1960s/70s African-American musical band.
Accepting the Sammy Davis Jr award for entertainer of the year at the 21st Soul Train music awards ceremony, held in Pasadena, California yesterday evening, she appeared to have come full circle.
"I just can't believe I got the Sammy Davis Jr award I'm standing on the same stage where I made the top 32 of American Idol," she gushed.
Others big winners at the Soul Train awards, which honour the work of black musicians in the US, included Jamie Foxx and Mary J Blige.
This pair won the gongs for best R&B soul album in the male and female categories respectively, for their albums Unpredictable and The Breakthrough.
Gnarls Barkley's Crazy took the award for the best R&B single from a group, band or duo while the equivalent album prize went to Baby Makin' Music by the Isley Brothers featuring Ronald Isley.
Continue reading: Full Circle For Jennifer Hudson
Soul singer Ronald Isley was sentenced to three years in prison yesterday (01SEP06) for tax evasion.
The Isley Brothers legend, who was also ordered to pay $3.1 million (GBP1.7 million) to the US Internal Revenue Service (IRS), engaged in a "pervasive, long-term, pathological" evasion of federal taxes, according to Los Angeles US District Court Judge DEAN PREGERSON.
The 65-year-old was found guilty of five counts of tax evasion and one count of willful failure to file a tax return last October (05), and returned to court to discover his fate yesterday. During last year's three-week trial, prosecutors contended Isley failed to make any payments to the IRS between 1976 and 1996.
Isley's lawyer told the court yesterday that his client was selling off his assets in an attempt to pay his tax bill, and also attempted to secure probation for his client because of his poor health, following a stroke and a battle with kidney cancer.
But Judge Pregerson refused to take Isley's medical conditions into account.
Singer Natalie Cole is planning a chart comeback with the songs of Sting, Neil Young and Kate Bush.
The soul great has recorded an album of her favourite contemporary covers for her 20th release, entitled LEAVIN'.
Highlights include a hip-hop-flavoured version of Aretha Franklin's DAY DREAMING and Cole's rendition of the Isley Brothers' DON'T SAY GOODNIGHT and Etta James' LOVIN' ARMS.
Legendary musician Etta James will receive a Founders Award at Billboard's R+B/Hip-Hop Conference and Awards in September (06). The Grammy Award-winning singer will receive the prize for her five decades as a recording artist. Previous honorees include the Isley Brothers, Betty Wright, Isaac Hayes and Chaka Khan. The award was established to honour the legacies of pioneering artists in R+B and hip-hop whose influence still carries a major impact on today's music. The ceremony will be held in Atlanta, Georgia on 6-8 September (06).
Soul legend Ronald Isley was indicted in Los Angeles on Wednesday (13OCT04) for evading taxes over a five-year period.
LA authorities have confirmed the SUMMER BREEZE crooner, 63, has been charged with five counts of tax evasion and one count of failing to file an income tax return.
America's INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE (IRS) claim the singer deposited royalty cheques for himself, which belong to his Isley Brothers bandmates, including his late brother O'KELLY.
Continue reading: Isley Indicted For Tax Evasion
De La Soul's comeback album THE GRIND DATE was inspired by SEAN' P DIDDY' COMBS' reality show MAKING THE BAND.
Bandmembers POS and MACEO say they came up with the name for the LP while watching the MTV show.
Pos says, "I was watching Making The Band and Puff was sending BABS on a blind date. He was like 'Yo, we gotta just do what we gotta do to get this album poppin.'
Continue reading: De La Soul's New Album Influenced By Diddy
Isley Brothers legend Ronald Isley has had a minor stroke after being taken ill in London.
The HARVEST FOR THE WORLD star, 63, fell ill walking around the capital last Friday (30JUL04) - spending a few days in hospital before returning home to St Louis, Missouri.
Isley's spokesperson says his speech did not appear to be affected and that he's expected to be back performing soon.
Continue reading: Isley Brother Has Stroke
The day Michelle elected Barack as her future husband.
There are more superheroes than ever in the latest Avengers movie, Captain America: Civil War.
'Peep Show' may be dead, but Mitchell & Webb are not.


text:
Best tries in French Top 14 (Round 26)
- 05 May 2014
There were some great five-pointers scored in the final round of the Top 14's league stage this past weekend.
Lions handed tactical lesson
The Lions have lost three matches against New Zealand opposition because of a flawed and naive approach, writes JON CARDINELLI.
'Zas's slip is completely irrelevant'
What former Bok coach NICK MALLETT had to say on SuperSport about the past weekend's Super Rugby matches involving South African teams.
Boks need balance
The Springboks must evolve their game over time under Allister Coetzee, but it's South Africa's traditional strengths that will be integral to ensuring the June Test series against Ireland is a success, writes CRAIG LEWIS.


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BOMBS AWAY Join the Ape Resistance
The wait is finally over for the game in which you will gain control of a zeppelin piloted by none other than a band of Apes trying to push back the evil humans who are destroying the world with their pollution and negligence.
That's right APESTORM: Full Bananas has finally come out for both the Android and iOS devices. Take on the many different quests to destroy outhouses, factories, vehicles, free fellow apes, and so much more. You will also have to successfully navigate the skies as there's always treachery that doesn't always stay on the ground. The best part is that the price right now is $0.99 that's literally just a drop in the bucket, you know you want to take control of the zeppelin and rain terror down on the land below you.


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...My approach to teaching Algebra is conceptual. I train my students to make connections between the abstraction of Algebra and real-world applications. B.S., Benedictine University
M.S., University of Chicago I have a B.S., Benedictine University, and M.S., University of Chicago.
14 Subjects: including physics, calculus, geometry, GRE
Naperville, IL
...I have 8 years of experience with teaching Algebra 1. I also have experience tutoring students in Algebra 1. I would like to use my teaching and tutoring experiences in order to help students understand Algebra 1.
7 Subjects: including geometry, algebra 1, algebra 2, trigonometry
Aurora, IL
...I teach all skills that the learner needs to improve their communication skills in English. My areas of specialty include helping improve listening and speaking skills while focusing on pronunciation and "communication repair" strategies. I also help learners strengthen their foundation of English grammar and their ability to write effectively in English.
1 Subject: ESL/ESOL
Naperville, IL
...I was lucky to have had several exceptional teachers and their guidance inspired me to obtain a degree in Chemistry. It was during this path to obtain my Bachelor's degree that I was introduced to my favorite subject, Organic Chemistry. The instructor that I had for Organic Chemistry was amazing and made the class not only amusing and interesting but also fun.
2 Subjects: including chemistry, organic chemistry
Naperville, IL
I have been involved in tutoring since high school and graduated with my degree in Elementary Education in 2014. I am in my second year of teaching reading intervention to students in grades K-5 and would love to help your student grow with reading, writing, phonics, and comprehension skills. Plea...
4 Subjects: including reading, elementary (k-6th), elementary math, phonics
Oswego, IL


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text:
Hotel Impossible
Monday 10 pm | 9c
Bizarre Foods
Tues 9pm | 8c
Expedition Unknown
Wed 9pm | 8c
Tour South Africa 02:33
You Could Win a Trip to the Amalfi Coast
Tony has a hamburger from Paris' first food truck.
French Food ... Trucks? 01:47
40 Hours in Paris 04:34
The Good Life in Paris 02:54
Alive Wines 03:26
French Bread Done Right 02:39
A Classic Irish Breakfast 03:03
Dublin's Bear Restaurant 02:40
Tony's Favorite Dublin Meal 02:34


text:
- Genuine Shearling Sheepskin - Soft and warm
- Shearling Sheepskin is naturally warm and breathable
- Exterior - soft suede leather finish
- Interior - soft woolly shearling
- Shearling Sheepskin roll-up cuff
- Brand: FRR
- Imported
FRR Black Shearling Sheepskin Igloo GlovesOur Black Womens Shearling Sheepskin Gloves are the perfect winter accessory. Your hands will stay cozy all while bringing your overall look together in style. The gloves are lined with soft shearling sheepskin - breathable and warm. The exterior of these gloves are made with beautiful soft suede with a leather finish and warm shearling sheepskin cuffs are sure to garner a flood of compliments. Stand up against the harsh cold of winter with these Black Womens Shearling Sheepskin Gloves.
Related Information
Customer Reviews for Black Shearling Sheepskin Igloo Gloves
Write a Review
From: Schaumburg Il
Very nice for the price. I was hoping the wool would be a little longer as I drive a school bus
From: Switzerland
The gloves keep very warm. Just perfect for a walk with the Dogs in wintertime. The size ordered fits perfect, very good quality and they look very nice. The Shopping with Sheepskintown is always a pleasure and the fast delivery is appreciated. Every Thing is just perfect.
From: Ottawa,Ontario
I've been wearing the gloves during this -30c cold snap. They are great, they keep my fingers warm and allow me to use my hands. My only problem with the gloves is that the thumbs are not nearly as warm as the fingers, so I can feel that icy wind. The gloves were shipped very fast and Sheepskintown was a great company to deal with.
From: high Prairie, Alberta
Friend was very pleased. Appreciated efficient delivery and quality of product. Only suggestion I may have is that gloves in separate packaging would be nice for gift giving, e.g. plastic bag, for example.
From: canada
Have not used them yet, they seem as if they should be warm
bengal girl
From: London,Ont. Canada
I love these gloves so much these are my second pair in a week. The delivery was very quick within 3-4 days. I first bought the tan colored ones. Winter is over pretty much but I really got them for next winter, the price was right, being on sale. I would recommend this company to anybody and everybody. Thank you Anne
From: New York
Beautiful gloves...sort of tight fitted, but probably with wear will loosen up. So far keeps my hands warm...I have..Raynards ( bad circulation in fingers) will see when the temp is colder.
From: Minnetonka, MN
The gloves arrived in sub zero weather. They were perfect for walking the dog and driving. I can't stand a cold steering wheel, and I prefer a glove over a mitten to control the dog's leash. I would buy these again.
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text:
165 Miles
265 Km
2 hours 38 mins
134 Miles
215 Km
47 mins
7.64 Gallons
Fuel Needs
0.91 Pounds CO2 fp per miles
Distance from Nashville, TN to Boonville, IN is 165Miles or 265 Km. You can get this distance about 2 hours 38 mins. If you want to planning travel with plane, you can get this distance about 47 mins .
A car with an average MPG will needs 7.64 gallons of gas to get the route between these points.
The estimated cost of gas to get between Nashville, TN and Boonville, IN is $17.34.
During the route, an average car will release 149.68 pounds of CO2 to the atmosphere. Your carbon footprint is 0.91 pounds of CO2 per mile.
* Average US MPG used for calculations is 21.6 MPG.
* Average US gas price used for calculation is 2.27 per gallon.
* Coordinates of Nashville, TN is 36.162572, -86.7815431 and coordinates of Boonville, IN is 38.0492171, -87.2743337
All Rights Reserved. © 2010 - 2016 About Feedback


text:
Jim Cramer spoke to Domino's Pizza CEO to find out what was cooking behind the most recent earnings report. » Read More
Chipotle's food safety issues are having an influence on diners moving away from artificial ingredients to clean food menus, like those offered at Panera Bread.
Parent company Restaurant Brands International Inc. said Burger King's global sales jumped 4.6 percent established locations, including a 4.4 percent increase in the U.S. and Canada. Wendy's has been touting a "4 for $4" deal, while McDonald's rolled out its "McPick 2" offering. On Thursday, Dunkin' Donuts said it planned to introduce its first national value deal...
It's the latest move by McDonald's, which has been trying to stage a turnaround of its business.
NEW YORK— McDonald's wants to take some of the mystery ingredients out of Chicken McNuggets. The company says it began testing the new recipe in about 140 stores in Oregon and Washington in March. McDonald's has long marketed to families with its Happy Meals and Ronald McDonald mascot.
U.S. stocks closed lower, with energy leading decliners and defensive sectors among the leaders, ahead of major central bank meetings and earnings.
Major food companies use downsizing as a tactic to hedge against increasing pressure to cut calories in processed foods, USA Today reports.
U.S. stocks closed mixed Friday with tech stocks leading declines after major earnings in the sector disappointed.
CNBC's Susan Li dives into McDonald's earnings improvement thanks in part to the rollout of its all-day breakfast.
McDonald's all-day breakfast may have spurred same-store-sales growth for two straight quarters, but the burger giant isn't resting on its laurels.
McDonald's is back, and apparently all it took was a few extra Egg McMuffins.
The Weinstein Company's latest film delves into the life of Ray Kroc, the 52-year-old milkshake machine salesman who built McDonald's empire.
Discussing McDonald's strategy in light of their earnings beat, including the bet made on all-day breakfast with David Palmer, RBC Capital Markets restaurant analyst.
Peter Saleh, BTIG, breaks down McDonald's quarterly numbers and discusses the company's big bet on all-day breakfast. They are making changes quickly and it seems to be working, says Saleh.
U.S. stock index futures indicated a slightly lower open , amid weak global sentiment, as investors digested more earnings news.
NEW YORK— McDonald's said U.S. sales jumped in the first quarter as it raised prices, worked on improving service and benefited from the popularity of its all-day breakfast menu. As part of its push to stage a comeback, McDonald's CEO Steve Easterbrook said the company is sparing no detail in looking at ways to step up operations. Burger King, Wendy's and Taco Bell...
OAK BROOK, Ill. _ McDonald's Corp. on Friday reported first-quarter net income of $1.1 billion. The average estimate of 14 analysts surveyed by Zacks Investment Research was for earnings of $1.16 per share. Eight analysts surveyed by Zacks expected $5.87 billion.
CNBC's Landon Dowdy takes a look at Street expectations when McDonald's reports quarterly results after the closing bell.
Three key Dow stocks report earnings before the opening bell and could set the pace for Friday's trading.
The trade on McDonald's on the 51st anniversary of its IPO, with Richard Saperstein, Hightower Treasury Partners, and the FMHR traders.
The fast food chain is testing the 'Grand Mac' and 'Mac Jr.' in Texas and Ohio stores.


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Burlington Development Review Board
Tell us about your experience with this online video, click here.
- Production Date: 04/15/2014
- Catalog Number: none
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- Series: Burlington Development Review Board
- Length: *2:25:47
- Town: Burlington
- Geography: Burlington
- Event Type: Council
- Content Type: Meeting Live
- Live Type: Channel 317
- Download: Low bitrate mp4 file
Information on the Burlington Development Review Board is under the City's Planning and Zoning Office.
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International Leader on Digital Rights to Lead Workshops for Vermont Nonprofits in Burlington, Montpelier and Brattleboro – May 17-19th
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...One-on-one tutoring is always best for my students, I am able to focus on their personal needs and help them succeed with confidence!I started playing basketball when I was in 3rd grade, from there I learned what it meant to truly be a student athlete. I played on AAU teams all throughout my car...
Canton, GAView Tutor
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I truly enjoy teaching and tutoring math and have done so for 13 years. I am currently certified to teach math in grades 7-12 with significant expertise in Algebra 1 & 2, Geometry and Prealgebra. I am also certified gifted and have an endorsement to teach exceptional children.
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...I have classroom experience teaching mathematics and regularly held tutorials for my own students. I know what's expected from each student and I will create a plan of action to help you achieve your personal goals to better understand mathematics and pass the SAT. I am Georgia certified in Mathematics (grades 6-12) with my Masters in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University.
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News & Blog
Two from Sowell Gray recognized as 2016 Rising Stars
Sowell Gray Stepp & Laffitte, LLC is pleased to announce attorneys Alexis Lindsay and Michael Montgomery have been highlighted as Rising Stars in the 2016 edition of South Carolina Super Lawyers®. The annual publication is distributed to attorneys and law schools across the United States, reaching more than 13 million readers annually. Rising Stars are […]
Seven members of Sowell Gray selected to 2016 Super Lawyers list
Super Lawyers Magazine recognized seven members at Sowell Gray Stepp & Laffitte, LLC for inclusion in its 2016 edition. While this is the ninth consecutive year for six of the attorneys to appear on the Super Lawyers list, it is the first time Tina Cundari has been named a Super Lawyer. Tina was named a […]
Legislative Changes to Election Laws in 2016
By Rob Tyson Based on the Voting Laws Roundup 2016 by the Brennan Center for Justice, [1] two key trends have emerged in 2016: 1) automatic voter registration has taken off across the country and 2) States are passing fewer voter restrictions, but restrictions in 17 states will be on the books for the first […]
Supreme Court Further Defines Notice Under FOIA
By Rob Tyson On April 13, the South Carolina Supreme Court decided Brock v. Town of Mount Pleasant in which it addressed whether, under South Carolina's Freedom of Information Act ("FOIA"), the town had given proper notice for a "special meeting" it held. Op. No. 27621 (S.C. Sup. Ct. filed April 13, 2016)(Shearouse Adv. Sh. […]
Giving back to my hometown
20 Years Strong Service Project: Attorney Becky Laffitte—Mentoring USC Salkehatchie Student Group. I chose this project because as a native of Allendale, SC, USC Salkehatchie holds a special place in my heart. The campus plays a vital role in the community and is a lifeline for many who may have no other options for higher education. I was recently honored by the opportunity to mentor a student group from the college at Allendale First Baptist, my home church.
- Recent
- Two from Sowell Gray recognized as 2016 Rising Stars
- Seven members of Sowell Gray selected to 2016 Super Lawyers list
- Giving back to my hometown
- Sowell Gray member Biff Sowell honored at Leadership in Law Awards
- Helping Sistercare
- Sowell Gray attorney Nick Haigler appointed to Friends of Epworth Board
- Sowell Gray attorney Beth Richardson elected chair of New Morning Foundation Board of Directors
- Sowell Gray attorney Alexis Lindsay named to Board of Directors for Congaree Vista Guild


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This item is currently
HN-SYR2012 Surya
Surya Queen Decorative Pillow - IvoryItem # HN-SYR2012
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- Made of 100% jute
- Decorative square pillow with down or poly filling
- Traditional chair themed pillow in ivory
- Graceful pillow for your bed
- Available in your choice of sizes
Full Description
About This Brand
Guarantee & Returns
Surya Queen Decorative Pillow - Ivory
About Surya RugsSince 1976 Surya has established itself as one of India's leading producers of fine hand-knotted, hand-tufted, and flat-woven rugs. Their products are sold in the U.S.A. at respected department and specialty stores. The company is known for its quality, value, dedication, and innovation. This includes responsibility for the entire process - spinning, dyeing, weaving, and finishing. Surya prides itself on using the best raw material available for the production


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GameBoy Advance Games
System suspend for GameBoy Advance (Hardware)Home / GameBoy Advance /
This page contains GameBoy Advance (Hardware) Hints for GameBoy Advance called "System suspend" and has been posted or updated on Jan 27, 2008 by sexygee101.
Boxshot & Details
- Developer: Nintendo
- Publisher: Nintendo
- Genre: Hardware
- Release: Jun 11, 2001
- ESRB: Not Set
System suspend
Pause your game, then press [Select] + (R). Your game will still be active, but the Game Boy Advance will be in suspend mode to save power. Press [Select] + (L) to return to normal operations.
Report Problem
Please submit a problem for any incomplete, non-working or fake cheat listed above.
More Hints
From: RYAN
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From: Opwonder
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Back to all Cheats
From: fusionite
Stuck in this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let other gamers answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an expert then please try to help others with their questions.
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How do you beat chapter 5 book 1
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GameBoy Advance (Hardware) - Startup
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- May 24, 2014, Views: 123
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On Wednesday, the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) announced upcoming events where customers can apply for a free youth or senior TransLink card. The events will take place at Muni Metro stations beginning Feb. 25.
TransLink enables customers to pay for rides on many Bay Area transit services. The TransLink card stores value in the form of electronic cash (e-cash) and transit passes. In addition to being accepted on Muni, TransLink also is accepted by AC Transit, BART, Caltrain, Dumbarton Express, and Golden Gate Transit and Ferry.
Youth and senior discounts are available with TransLink, but customers must apply in person for a specially encoded youth or senior TransLink card. Appropriate discounts will be applied when customers use their cards. The normal fee for a TransLink card is $5. For a limited time, SFMTA is waiving the $5 fee.
To make it easier for youths and seniors to begin using TransLink, SFMTA is holding a series of promotional events at Muni Metro stations and at the first Sunday Streets event, where customers can apply in person for their free youth or senior TransLink card.
The company will transport passengers on the ramp side of the airport between all terminals serving the airline. The contract also includes preventative maintenance.
Will present Champion Bus unit at Schetky booth at the Argentum Senior Living Executive Conference and Tradeshow (formerly ALFA) in Denver May 9 to 12.
XL Link is currently measuring key performance indicators in vehicles equipped with XL3® Hybrid Electric Drive Systems for major fleets, such as the City of Boston, Yale University, AmeriPride Services and Montgomery County, Md., to name a few.
One truck passenger, a woman who wasn't wearing a seat belt, is in critical condition with life-threatening injuries, while the driver and the other occupants of the truck were also hospitalized with nonlife-threatening injuries, including broken legs. Ten bus passengers also were sent to hospitals, but their injuries were minor or nonlife-threatening.
Midland products today include actuators, air tanks, air coils and air tubes as well as electrical coils, clutch, fittings, glad-hands and water pumps.
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Written on: 02/08/2010
A very professional customer service and delivery. I am impressed and will be returning very shortly.
As rated by our community of reviewers
" Great Looking Gazibo Relativly Easy To Construct " Read More
" Great service! " Read More
" STOPPED CHARGING AFTER 6 MONTH " Read More
" Excellent trousers " Read More
" Top Service! " Read More


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Reviewed By Jeff A (Byron Center, MI) Reviewed for a 2006 Acura TSX —11/6/2012 4:13 AM
When you can quit buying a filter every year and clean the K&N with the kit you buy you save money and have better effiency.
Reviewed By Peter T M (Acworth, GA) Reviewed for a 2007 Volkswagen GTI —5/1/2016 10:32 AM
Purchased due to car being a "Turbo" & the WET filters have be known to build up on the turbo spindles. Overall a good alternative to wet filter system. Considering upgrading to the cool air intake when this filter has some milage on it. Would buy again if there was discount or coupon offer.
Reviewed By Charles F (ELKIN, NC) Reviewed for a 2012 Toyota Camry —4/24/2016 4:53 PM
Replaced my OEM Air Filter and took the camry out for a test drive. At first not much difference but when I needed to pass a "slow Ford" I heard the difference when the Camry started getting a good deep breath of fresh air. Really like thew difference in sound and performance.


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Advanced Refrigeration and Air Inc
250 - 499
10 - 20 Million
Construction/Agriculture->Construction Services
SIC Code:
1711 - Plumbing, Heating, Air-conditioning
Full company description is available with the free trial.
Additional Info:
The company profile also contains facebook info, phone numbers, linkedin accounts, cfo contacts, and Advanced Refrigeration and Air Inc email format addresses with the domain of @advref.com. Advanced Refrigeration and Air Inc, a Construction services company has its main office in Orlando, FL. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Company Background:
Full company description is available with the free trial.
Similar Companies:
MasTec, Inc.
MasTec, Inc., a company that works within the Construction services industry. Their profile on Lead411 presents significant contact information such as cfo contacts, phone numbers, linkedin data, and Mastec, Inc. email addresses with the @mastec.comdomain format. They have their head office in Coral Gables, FL. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@example.com addresses.
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WCI Communities, Inc, a Construction services company, is based in Bonita Springs, FL. They can be reached through WCI Communities, Inc email format addresses indicated on their Lead411 profile with a domain of @wcicommunities.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Lennar Corporation
This member of the Construction services industry is located in Fountainebleau, FL and you can find important contact information regarding significant company contacts on their Lead411 profile like linkedin, phone numbers, facebook and cfo details. The profile also contains Lennar Corporation email addresses which have a domain of @lennar.com format. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Company Directory > Advanced Refrigeration and Air Inc


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Zenyatta Could Run in San Margarita Handicap
Undefeated champion Zenyatta could return to racing in the $250,000 Santa Margarita Handicap (gr. I) on March 13 at Santa Anita.
Undefeated champion Zenyatta could return to racing in the $250,000 Santa Margarita Handicap (gr. I) on March 13 at Santa Anita.
California breeder Walter J. Thomson, whose involvement with Thoroughbred racing in the state began in the 1940s, died Feb. 1 at the age of 98.
Millionaire Supah Blitz will stand in 2010 at Little Kentucky near Waddell, Ariz.
Gabby's Golden Gal returned to the 3-year-old form that saw her win the Acorn Stakes (gr. I) last spring when she captured the $250,000 Santa Monica Handicap (gr. I) at Santa Anita Jan. 31.
Larry Bortstein worked for more than 40 years as a sportswriter. For the past 17 years, he worked for the Orange County Register.
Canadian Brian Troop won the Daily Racing Form/NTRA National Handicapping Championship with the third-highest score in the tournament's history.
Heavy choice Tight Precision, closing fast on the outside, surged past Bootleg Annie and Pretty Unusual close to home to post her first stakes victory in the $300,000 Sunshine Millions Filly & Mare Turf at Santa Anita.
Bold Chieftain made a late charge from mid-pack to win the Sunshine Millions Classic. Palladio finished a close second.
Stalking Quisisana took advantage of a heated pace duel to register her first stakes victory by a nose over streaking Dubai Majesty in the $200,000 Sunshine Millions Filly & Mare Sprint at Santa Anita Jan. 30.
Her last four stakes wins have come at seven furlongs, but if grade I winner Evita Argentina hopes to add the $250,000 Santa Monica Handicap (gr. I) to her fine record, she'll need to be at her best at Santa Anita Jan. 31.
Meeting for the first time Jan. 27, the newly-elected board members of the organization representing California trainers announced its support for replacement of the state's synthetic tracks.
A hearing scheduled for Jan. 29 in the lawsuit between David Lanzman and IEAH Stable related to the ownership of the colt I Want Revenge has been rescheduled for Feb. 12.
High Resolve will be back to defend her title in the $200,000 Sunshine Millions Filly & Mare Sprint at Santa Anita Jan. 30.
Pretty Unusual, fresh off a stunning 29-1 upset in the El Encino Stakes (gr. II) two weeks ago, will try her luck on grass in the $300,000 Sunshine Millions Filly & Mare Turf at Santa Anita Jan. 30.
The Usual Q. T., on a six-race winning streak on grass, will stay home for the $500,000 Sunshine Millions Classic, even though it means switching to Santa Anita's Pro-Ride main track Jan. 30.
Craig Family Trust helps Barretts January mixed sale by attracting buyers worldwide.
Pete Parrella has reached an agreement in principle with Bo Hirsch to stand Hirsch's homebred Papa Clem at Parrella's Legacy Ranch near Clements, Calif.
Veteran track maintenance specialist Richard Tedesco has taken the reins as track superintendent at Del Mar in anticipation of the 2010 racing season, Del Mar Thoroughbred Club has announced.
Kinsella, who sold for a sale-topping $2.2 million at the 2007 Fasig-Tipton Saratoga yearling sale, was euthanized Jan. 25 after breaking down following a workout over Santa Anita's Pro-Ride surface.
Buyers from around the world were attracted to this year's Barretts January Mixed sale because of the Craig Family Trust reduction sale.
Two California racetracks have announced cutbacks in their live racing schedules effective the week of Jan. 25.
Blocked in traffic mid-stretch, odds-on favorite Loup Breton altered course to the outside and burst home to overtake High Court Drama in the final strides to win the $150,000 San Marcos Stakes (gr. IIT) at Santa Anita.
The Barretts January mixed sale, which now consists of 539 head including supplemental entries, will be held Jan. 25 and 26. The sale will take place in the Hinds Pavilion on the grounds of Fairplex Park.
Eclipse Award finalist Blind Luck was one of 307 recorded workouts on Santa Anita's Pro-Ride surface Jan. 24.
Kinsale King made it back-to-back graded stakes victories for new trainer Carl O'Callaghan when he held off Ventana by a half-length in the Palos Verdes Handicap (gr. II) at Santa Anita. Odds-on Dancing in Silks was third.
An industry summit meeting will be held by the Thoroughbred Owners of California on Feb. 13 in the Baldwin Terrace Conference Room at Santa Anita.
With bright sunshine in abundance for the first time since Jan. 17, Santa Anita's main track has been declared fit and ready for live racing the afternoon of Saturday, Jan. 23 by jockeys and horsemen alike.
Grade II winner Papa Clem has been retired from racing due to an ankle injury and will stand at stud in 2010, according to owner/breeder Bo Hirsch and trainer Gary Stute.
Four-time Eclipse Award-winning trainer Todd Pletcher has been ordered to serve a 10-day suspension and pay a $25,000 fine by the California Horse Racing Board.
Rescheduled for Jan. 24 after stormy conditions washed out the Martin Luther King Jr. holiday racing card at Santa Anita, the $150,000 San Marcos Stakes (gr. IIT) at 1 1/4 miles on turf attracted a field of 10.
A slate of new board members for the California Thoroughbred Trainers is set to take over next week following a special election demanded by members who are unhappy with the state of racing and the organization's direction.
Live racing for Jan. 22 at Santa Anita has been cancelled due to continued wet conditions, but officials are optimistic that with a dry forecast in store for the weekend, racing will resume on Jan. 23.
Track permitting, Santa Anita Park has a superb dash on tap Jan. 23 when Breeders' Cup Sprint winner Dancing in Silks takes on recent Malibu Stakes (gr. I) victor M One Rifle in the $150,000 Palos Verdes Handicap (gr. II).
With six to eight inches of rain expected in the next 24 hours, Santa Anita officials announced that live racing for Jan. 21 would be cancelled. "
Foals by second-year stallion Bedford Falls may be eligible for a new incentive program valued at $125,000.
Grade II winner King of the Roxy will enter stud at Chad and Tracey McCallum's McCallum View Farm near Moriarty, N.M.
Rachel Alexandra gets the main prize, but partisan crowd shows admiration for both at the 2009 Eclipse Awards.
Santa Anita Park officials have indicated the California track's main racing surface will be replaced, but it remains to be seen if the new surface will be synthetic or dirt.
A day after owners Jerry and Ann Moss announced that the undefeated champion Zenyatta would return for her 6-year-old season in 2010, she worked five furlongs in 1:01 2/5 for trainer John Shirreffs at Hollywood Park.
Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, Calif., has noted on its Web site that due to inclement weather, live racing has been cancelled for Monday, Jan. 18.
Jockey Chantal Sutherland earned her second grade II victory in as many days when she guided 29-1 outsider Pretty Unusual to win the El Encino Stakes at Santa Anita Jan. 17. Favored Stardom Bound was second.
The California Horse Racing Board finally gave approval to a Northern California fair racing dates program for 2010 during its meeting at Santa Anita Park Jan. 15, though not everyone was happy with the much-delayed action.
Jerry and Ann Moss decided at 3 a.m. on Jan. 16 to keep champion Zenyatta in training for 2010.
Though somewhat erratic through the homestretch, Ranger Heartley held off odds-on choice Connemara to win the $100,000 California Derby by three-quarters of a length at Golden Gate Fields Jan. 16.
Favored Papa Clem seized the lead from pacesetter Smart Bid in the stretch and held off his rival through the lane to score a hard-fought half-length win in the $150,000 San Fernando Stakes (gr. II) at Santa Anita Jan. 16.
In a battle of Eastern invaders down the Santa Anita stretch, Amen Hallelujah overpowered Franny Freud in the final strides to win the $150,000 Santa Ynez Stakes (gr. II) by three-quarters of a length Jan. 16.
Conveyance turned back a bid from Cardiff Giant in upper stretch and went on to post a 1 3/4-length victory in the $150,000 San Rafael Stakes (gr. III) Jan. 16 at Santa Anita.
After conferring with owners Jerry and Ann Moss, a decision to run the champion mare Zenyatta will run in 2010, trainer John Shirreffs confirmed Jan. 16.
Gary Stevens will disband his 14-horse stable in California to concentrate on increased work in television leading up to this year's Triple Crown, the retired Hall of Fame jockey announced Jan. 16.
Flavien Prat, a 17-year-old apprentice rider from France, registered his first United States victory Jan. 15 with a $103.40 stunner.


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In Wiesel's uncensored Hebrew 'Night' manuscript, unveiled here for the first time, the author expresses desire to take revenge on the Hungarians, lashes out at fellow Jews and describes sexual scenes from the train to Auschwitz.03:47 01.05.16 | 5 comments
There are even worse countries than Israel. But it doesn't mean that Israel is not state of thieves of Palestinins' land.
from the article: Israel: UN council probe on West Bank settlements 'flawed and biased'


text:
Genesis Games
Game Questions & Answers (Q&A) service lets you ask questions about video games for game consoles or PC games. So ask your X-Perts question for Genesis and get answers from real gamers or answer questions and share your insights and experience with the rest of the gaming community.
Boxshot & Details
- Developer: Abalone
- Publisher: Sega
- Genre: Action
- Release: Not Set
- ESRB: Teen
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Westford, MAUSA
Hometown: Westford
May 12, 2012
I'm Joyce. I live in Westford, MA, been padding a few years, but 2012 is my first year of kayak-ownership.
What a beautiful day at a beautiful spot. Thanks to all, esp Nancy
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