text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|7 Jul 2009
|Filing date
|29 Dec 2006
|Priority date
|29 Dec 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|William J. Cummings
|Original Assignee
|Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (47), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (4), Classifications (7), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) include micro mechanical elements, actuators, and electronics. Micromechanical elements may be created using deposition, etching, and or other micromachining processes that etch away parts of substrates and/or deposited material layers or that add layers to form electrical and electromechanical devices. One type of MEMS device is called an interferometric modulator. As used herein, the term interferometric modulator or interferometric light modulator refers to a device that selectively absorbs and/or reflects light using the principles of optical interference. In certain embodiments, an interferometric modulator may comprise a pair of conductive plates, one or both of which may be transparent and/or reflective in whole or part and capable of relative motion upon application of an appropriate electrical signal. In a particular embodiment, one plate may comprise a stationary layer deposited on a substrate and the other plate may comprise a metallic membrane separated from the stationary layer by an air gap. As described herein in more detail, the position of one plate in relation to another can change the optical interference of light incident on the interferometric modulator. Such devices have a wide range of applications, and it would be beneficial in the art to utilize and/or modify the characteristics of these types of devices so that their features can be exploited in improving existing products and creating new products that have not yet been developed.
2. Description of the Related Technology
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) include micro mechanical elements, actuators, and electronics. Micromechanical elements may be created using deposition, etching, and or other micromachining processes that etch away parts of substrates and/or deposited material layers or that add layers to form electrical and electromechanical devices. One type of MEMS device is called an interferometric modulator. As used herein, the term interferometric modulator or interferometric light modulator refers to a device that selectively absorbs and/or reflects light using the principles of optical interference. In certain embodiments, an interferometric modulator may comprise a pair of conductive plates, one or both of which may be transparent and/or reflective in whole or part and capable of relative motion upon application of an appropriate electrical signal. In a particular embodiment, one plate may comprise a stationary layer deposited on a substrate and the other plate may comprise a metallic membrane separated from the stationary layer by an air gap. As described herein in more detail, the position of one plate in relation to another can change the optical interference of light incident on the interferometric modulator. Such devices have a wide range of applications, and it would be beneficial in the art to utilize and/or modify the characteristics of these types of devices so that their features can be exploited in improving existing products and creating new products that have not yet been developed.
The system, method, and devices of the invention each have several aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of this invention, its more prominent features will now be discussed briefly. After considering this discussion, and particularly after reading the section entitled "Detailed Description of Certain Embodiments" one will understand how the features of this invention provide advantages over other display devices.
One embodiment is a method of manufacturing a MEMS (microelectromechanical system) device. The method includes forming a first layer on a substrate, forming a sacrificial layer on or over the first layer, the sacrificial layer configured to be removed in a removal procedure, forming a second layer on or over the first sacrificial layer, where the second layer is spaced apart from the first layer, and forming a shorting element electrically connecting the first and second layers, where at least a portion of the shorting element is removable in the removal procedure.
Another embodiment is a MEMS (Microelectromechanical system) device including a first layer on a substrate, and a sacrificial layer on or over the first layer, the first sacrificial layer configured to be removed in a removal procedure. The device also includes a second layer on or over the first sacrificial layer, where the second layer is spaced apart from the first layer, and a shorting element electrically connecting the first and second layers, where at least a portion of the shorting element is removable in the removal procedure.
Another embodiment is a MEMS (Microelectromechanical system) device including an array of MEMS elements including first and second conductive layers, and means for electrically connecting and disconnecting the first and second layers during an etching process.
The following detailed description is directed to certain specific embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be embodied in a multitude of different ways. In this description, reference is made to the drawings wherein like parts are designated with like numerals throughout. As will be apparent from the following description, the embodiments may be implemented in any device that is configured to display an image, whether in motion (e.g., video) or stationary (e.g., still image), and whether textual or pictorial. More particularly, it is contemplated that the embodiments may be implemented in or associated with a variety of electronic devices such as, but not limited to, mobile telephones, wireless devices, personal data assistants (PDAs), hand-held or portable computers, GPS receivers/navigators, cameras, MP3 players, camcorders, game consoles, wrist watches, clocks, calculators, television monitors, flat panel displays, computer monitors, auto displays (e.g., odometer display, etc.), cockpit controls and/or displays, display of camera views (e.g., display of a rear view camera in a vehicle), electronic photographs, electronic billboards or signs, projectors, architectural structures, packaging, and aesthetic structures (e.g., display of images on a piece of jewelry). MEMS devices of similar structure to those described herein can also be used in non-display applications such as in electronic switching devices.
Interferometric modulators described below sometimes suffer manufacturing yield loss because of large electric fields which occur during removal of a sacrificial layer during fabrication. Embodiments discussed below include switches which temporarily electrically short sensitive layers so as to prevent the electric fields from developing. The switches are configured to short the sensitive layers during the fabrication steps during which the damaging electric fields develop, and to remain open thereafter. Similarly, testing of an array of interferometric modulators with many row lines and column lines requires many input signals. Embodiments discussed below include switches which temporarily electrically short subsets of rows and/or columns so that fewer input signals may be used. The switches are configured to short the subsets during the testing operation, and to remain open thereafter.
One interferometric modulator display embodiment comprising an interferometric MEMS display element is illustrated in
The depicted portion of the pixel array in
The optical stacks 16 a and 16 b (collectively referred to as optical stack 16), as referenced herein, typically comprise of several fused layers, which can include an electrode layer, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), a partially reflective layer, such as chromium, and a transparent dielectric. The optical stack 16 is thus electrically conductive, partially transparent and partially reflective, and may be fabricated, for example, by depositing one or more of the above layers onto a transparent substrate 20. The partially reflective layer can be formed from a variety of materials that are partially reflective such as various metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics. The partially reflective layer can be formed of one or more layers of materials, and each of the layers can be formed of a single material or a combination of materials.
In some embodiments, the layers of the optical stack are patterned into parallel strips, and may form row electrodes in a display device as described further below. The movable reflective layers 14 a, 14 b may be formed as a series of parallel strips of a deposited metal layer or layers (orthogonal to the row electrodes of 16 a, 16 b) deposited on top of posts 18 and an intervening sacrificial material deposited between the posts 18. When the sacrificial material is etched away, the movable reflective layers 14 a, 14 b are separated from the optical stacks 16 a, 16 b by a defined gap 19. A highly conductive and reflective material such as aluminum may be used for the reflective layers 14, and these strips may form column electrodes in a display device.
With no applied voltage, the cavity 19 remains between the movable reflective layer 14 a and optical stack 16 a, with the movable reflective layer 14 a in a mechanically relaxed state, as illustrated by the pixel 12 a in
In one embodiment, the processor 21 is also configured to communicate with an array driver 22. In one embodiment, the array driver 22 includes a row driver circuit 24 and a column driver circuit 26 that provide signals to a display array or panel 30. The cross section of the array illustrated in
In typical applications, a display frame may be created by asserting the set of column electrodes in accordance with the desired set of actuated pixels in the first row. A row pulse is then applied to the row 1 electrode, actuating the pixels corresponding to the asserted column lines. The asserted set of column electrodes is then changed to correspond to the desired set of actuated pixels in the second row. A pulse is then applied to the row 2 electrode, actuating the appropriate pixels in row 2 in accordance with the asserted column electrodes. The row 1 pixels are unaffected by the row 2 pulse, and remain in the state they were set to during the row 1 pulse. This may be repeated for the entire series of rows in a sequential fashion to produce the frame. Generally, the frames are refreshed and/or updated with new display data by continually repeating this process at some desired number of frames per second. A wide variety of protocols for driving row and column electrodes of pixel arrays to produce display frames are also well known and may be used in conjunction with the present invention.
In the
The display device 40 includes a housing 41, a display 30, an antenna 43, a speaker 44, an input device 48, and a microphone 46. The housing 41 is generally formed from any of a variety of manufacturing processes as are well known to those of skill in the art, including injection molding, and vacuum forming. In addition, the housing 41 may be made from any of a variety of materials, including but not limited to plastic, metal, glass, rubber, and ceramic, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment the housing 41 includes removable portions (not shown) that may be interchanged with other removable portions of different color, or containing different logos, pictures, or symbols.
The display 30 of exemplary display device 40 may be any of a variety of displays, including a bi-stable display, as described herein. In other embodiments, the display 30 includes a flat-panel display, such as plasma, EL, OLED, STN LCD, or TFT LCD as described above, or a non-flat-panel display, such as a CRT or other tube device, as is well known to those of skill in the art. However, for purposes of describing the present embodiment, the display 30 includes an interferometric modulator display, as described herein.
The components of one embodiment of exemplary display device 40 are schematically illustrated in
The network interface 27 includes the antenna 43 and the transceiver 47 so that the exemplary display device 40 can communicate with one or more devices over a network. In one embodiment the network interface 27 may also have some processing capabilities to relieve requirements of the processor 21. The antenna 43 is any antenna known to those of skill in the art for transmitting and receiving signals. In one embodiment, the antenna transmits and receives RF signals according to the IEEE 802.11 standard, including IEEE 802.11(a), (b), or (g). In another embodiment, the antenna transmits and receives RF signals according to the BLUETOOTH standard. In the case of a cellular telephone, the antenna is designed to receive CDMA, GSM, AMPS or other known signals that are used to communicate within a wireless cell phone network. The transceiver 47 pre-processes the signals received from the antenna 43 so that they may be received by and further manipulated by the processor 21. The transceiver 47 also processes signals received from the processor 21 so that they may be transmitted from the exemplary display device 40 via the antenna 43.
In an alternative embodiment, the transceiver 47 can be replaced by a receiver. In yet another alternative embodiment, network interface 27 can be replaced by an image source, which can store or generate image data to be sent to the processor 21. For example, the image source can be a digital video disc (DVD) or a hard-disc drive that contains image data, or a software module that generates image data.
Processor 21 generally controls the overall operation of the exemplary display device 40. The processor 21 receives data, such as compressed image data from the network interface 27 or an image source, and processes the data into raw image data or into a format that is readily processed into raw image data. The processor 21 then sends the processed data to the driver controller 29 or to frame buffer 28 for storage. Raw data typically refers to the information that identifies the image characteristics at each location within an image. For example, such image characteristics can include color, saturation, and gray-scale level.
In one embodiment, the processor 21 includes a microcontroller, CPU, or logic unit to control operation of the exemplary display device 40. Conditioning hardware 52 generally includes amplifiers and filters for transmitting signals to the speaker 45, and for receiving signals from the microphone 46. Conditioning hardware 52 may be discrete components within the exemplary display device 40, or may be incorporated within the processor 21 or other components.
The driver controller 29 takes the raw image data generated by the processor 21 either directly from the processor 21 or from the frame buffer 28 and reformats the raw image data appropriately for high speed transmission to the array driver 22. Specifically, the driver controller 29 reformats the raw image data into a data flow having a raster-like format, such that it has a time order suitable for scanning across the display array 30. Then the driver controller 29 sends the formatted information to the array driver 22. Although a driver controller 29, such as a LCD controller, is often associated with the system processor 21 as a stand-alone Integrated Circuit (IC), such controllers may be implemented in many ways. They may be embedded in the processor 21 as hardware, embedded in the processor 21 as software, or fully integrated in hardware with the array driver 22.
Typically, the array driver 22 receives the formatted information from the driver controller 29 and reformats the video data into a parallel set of waveforms that are applied many times per second to the hundreds and sometimes thousands of leads coming from the display's x-y matrix of pixels.
In one embodiment, the driver controller 29, array driver 22, and display array 30 are appropriate for any of the types of displays described herein. For example, in one embodiment, driver controller 29 is a conventional display controller or a bi-stable display controller (e.g., an interferometric modulator controller). In another embodiment, array driver 22 is a conventional driver or a bi-stable display driver (e.g., an interferometric modulator display). In one embodiment, a driver controller 29 is integrated with the array driver 22. Such an embodiment is common in highly integrated systems such as cellular phones, watches, and other small area displays. In yet another embodiment, display array 30 is a typical display array or a bi-stable display array (e.g., a display including an array of interferometric modulators).
The input device 48 allows a user to control the operation of the exemplary display device 40. In one embodiment, input device 48 includes a keypad, such as a QWERTY keyboard or a telephone keypad, a button, a switch, a touch-sensitive screen, a pressure- or heat-sensitive membrane. In one embodiment, the microphone 46 is an input device for the exemplary display device 40. When the microphone 46 is used to input data to the device, voice commands may be provided by a user for controlling operations of the exemplary display device 40.
Power supply 50 can include a variety of energy storage devices as are well known in the art. For example, in one embodiment, power supply 50 is a rechargeable battery, such as a nickel-cadmium battery or a lithium ion battery. In another embodiment, power supply 50 is a renewable energy source, a capacitor, or a solar cell, including a plastic solar cell, and solar-cell paint. In another embodiment, power supply 50 is configured to receive power from a wall outlet.
In some implementations control programmability resides, as described above, in a driver controller which can be located in several places in the electronic display system. In some cases control programmability resides in the array driver 22. Those of skill in the art will recognize that the above-described optimization may be implemented in any number of hardware and/or software components and in various configurations.
The details of the structure of interferometric modulators that operate in accordance with the principles set forth above may vary widely. For example,
In embodiments such as those shown in
As indicated in
This problem has been mitigated in the past by shorting all the rows and columns of the array together with metal traces deposited on or over the substrate. A trace is connected to each row and column, and the traces are routed to a peripheral area of the substrate where they are shorted together. After the sacrificial material is removed in the etch process, the peripheral area of the substrate where the shorts are located is cut away to remove the shorts.
In one embodiment of the invention, this extra manufacturing step of cutting away the short circuits is avoided by using sacrificial material to create the shorts. The sacrificial material is etched away during the same etch process that is applied to the display array, resulting in a short circuit while the display array sacrificial material is being etched, and an open circuit at the end of the etch process. As described further below, the switch may be fabricated along with the display elements, and it's features controlled to produce a switch that opens at the desired time during the device fabrication process.
MEMS switch 900 can be used to protect MEMS structures susceptible to damage caused by etch-induced charge build-up. While not limited thereto, switch embodiments will now be described which protect interferometric modulators, such as interferometric modulator 800 of
MEMS switch 1000 has various features which ensure that MEMS switch 1000 is configured to open during a sacrificial layer removal procedure only after the sacrificial layers of the protected interferometric modulator are removed. The overall dimensions of MEMS switch 1000 can be arranged so as to be large enough that the removal procedure will remove the sacrificial layers of the protected interferometric modulator before the material is completely removed from the MEMS switch 1000. Another feature configured to affect the etching rate of the MEMS switch 1000 may the size of the hole(s) 1040. The etching agent gains access to the sacrificial layer 1020 through the hole(s) 1040, and the etched material is removed through hole(s) 1040. Accordingly, a smaller hole 1040 will result in slower etching. Some embodiments may have multiple holes 1040, each with a size configured to influence the etching of the sacrificial layer 1020.
In some embodiments the protecting switch can have features similar to the interferometric modulator being protected. The features can be modified so as to assure that the switch opens after the interferometric modulator sacrificial layers are fully removed.
In the embodiments shown as switch 1150 and 1250 of
As described above regarding the switches and interferometric modulators of
While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features as applied to various embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the device or process illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. As will be recognized, the present invention may be embodied within a form that does not provide all of the features and benefits set forth herein, as some features may be used or practiced separately from others.
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|27 Jul 2010
|24 Mar 2015
|Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc.
|Encapsulated electromechanical devices
|15 Apr 2011
|18 Aug 2015
|Flex Lighting Ii, Llc
|Illumination device comprising a film-based lightguide
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|29 Dec 2006
Owner name: QUALCOMM MEMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CUMMINGS, WILLIAM J.;REEL/FRAME:018750/0429
Effective date: 20061221
|27 Jun 2007
Owner name: QUALCOMM INCORPORATED,CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:QUALCOMM MEMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019493/0860
Effective date: 20070523
|27 Feb 2008
Owner name: QUALCOMM MEMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.,CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:QUALCOMM INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:020571/0253
Effective date: 20080222
|2 Jan 2013
|Fee payment
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Ana Patricia
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About CEPRODELThis loan is administered by Centro de Promocion del Desarrollo Local (CEPRODEL), one of Kiva's larger partners in Central America. Founded in 1991 and based in Managua, Nicaragua, CEPRODEL specializes in the development and funding of housing cooperatives for traditionally marginalized communities, the provision of microfinance services to small businesses, and the promotion of innovative renewable energy projects. In addition, unlike many microfinance institutions in the area that have chosen to avoid the rural areas of the country due to the increased financial risk, CEPRODEL provides financial services to numerous clients in the agriculture and livestock industry. Supporting a borrower through CEPRODEL means contributing to the promotion and sustainability of this important work in Nicaragua.
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Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
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You may have seen the folowing comment left on onlinefocus today by a Rawreth Lane Resident. We thought it was important enough to highlight it here:
On picking up the ASDA rubbish from my front garden I picked up a Licensing Notification re ASDA applying to be able to supply alcohol twenty four hours a day, seven days a week & to include the provision of late night refreshment from 2300 hours to 0500 hours the following morning seven days a week.
I'm not sure how many local residents are aware of this application. Any representations by interested parties must be received in writing by the Licensing Authority no later than 8th January 2009"
It accordance with the law on licensing, we are not making any comments of our own right now – though everyone else is free to do so.
Asda did try to apply once before, and at that stage an Onlinefocus reader provided the following information:
'Shops, stores and supermarkets should normally be free to provide sales of alcohol for consumption off the premises at any times when the retail outlet is open for shopping unless there are good reasons based on the licensing objectives for restricting those hours. For example a limitation may be appropriate following police representations in the case of some shops known to be a focus of disorder and disturbance because youths gather there'
The application number is 08/00741/LAPREV and you can view it here
You can comment online.
The expiry date for consultations is indeed 08/01/2009.
This post has already been read 940 times since Aug 2nd 2015
38 Comments
If anyone wants to use my comment from last year, and want to quote it, it is an extract from the Revised guidance made under Section 182 of the Licensing Act 2003.
Obviously the problem with youths congretating outside ASDA has not been solved, and from what I have seen not even tackled by ASDA.↓
I have submitted my objection to this application on the grounds of public nuisance. I have said..
"Last year, ASDA made a similiar application, and that was rejected. At that time last year, I objected, and the grounds for my objections this year remain this same.
An extract from the Revised guidance made under Section 182 of the Licensing Act 2003 quotes 'Shops, stores and supermarkets should normally be free to provide sales of alcohol for consumption off the premises at any times when the retail outlet is open for shopping unless there are good reasons based on the licensing objectives for restricting those hours. For example a limitation may be appropriate following police representations in the case of some shops known to be a focus of disorder and disturbance because youths gather there'
I personally have complained to the police numerous times concerning the gathering of youths outside ASDA and the public nuisance caused by them. ASDA show little consideration with regard to this and allow the youths to congregate outside of their shop and within its smoking hut.
In view of this continual problem, ASDAs inability or desire to solve the problem and in light of the comments made under section 182 of the Licensing Act 2003, the licensing committee should refuse this application."↓
yet again, important information like this is only made available through this website. It would be interesting to know how many local residents actually received something formally asking them to comment.
A few scattered posters around Asda (mostly on the floor with all the other rubbish) and asking for a response by 8th January says to me they don't really want to hear our views!!↓
Deanne, as I understand it, if a person has submitted earlier comments, RDC Planning Dept. will include that person in any future correspondence.
I currently have Application 08/00887/FUL Lords Golf & Country Club, received a couple of days ago.
The proposal is: Retrospective Application to Construct Earth Bund 1.5m High to Part of Driving Range and Construct 5m High Pole and Netting to Raised Bund Top.
Having said this I have had no notification of the ASDA submission so it works in some cases and not in others.
Perhaps another case for Admin to follow up.↓
I have submitted previous comments regarding Asda – over the months related to their initial application and also about opening times. However we didin't receive any correspondence on this one.
Does anyone know any more about Asda's plans for "late night refreshments" from 2300 to 0500, is this fast food or does this simply mean the shop will be open? 24hrs license for alcohol plus a fast food "light refreshments"….. that sounds like a nightmare for the neighbourhood to me!!↓
I walk past ASDA daily – there has not been anything on lamp posts outside ASDA. I thought the law stated that these kind of applications had to be opened to the public forum for their opinion, and suitable notification given. Every other application made by ASDA has resulted in notification being posted to me, but not so in this case, which makes me wonder if this is an unlawful application in so much that the council are not giving formal notification to the public?↓
I have today received an email from Kevin Doyland, which I thought I would share, especially as we can not object electronically!
Dear Mr Vost,
Thank you for your representation. There are, however, some matters
that I have to address with you: – 1. You refer to incidents that you
have complained to the police about. Having checked with my police
licensing colleagues, there are none that have come to their attention
although they are checking with the police at Rayleigh to see if they
have any knowledge. Perhaps I could ask you to be more specific in the
types of incident you are talking about and the dates upon which they
happened, which might help the police licensing unit to identify them.
2.As a result of a recent case, the question of public nuisance has now
to be seen in light of whether or not it affects a 'class' of people,
i.e. a proportionately large number, or an individual or individuals.
If a nuisance affects only a small number of individuals, it is unlikely
to meet the legal test of being 'public' and any representation based
upon that objective will almost certainly fail.
3.In order for your representation to be considered, the law requires
that you make it in writing in addition to any electronic format. Can I
therefore request that you write setting out your objections, with
evidence/reasons against the appropriate licensing objective/s of (a)
prevention of crime and disorder; (b) public safety; (c) prevention of
public nuisance; (d) protection of children from harm.
Please make your written response to arrive with us by 8th January 2009
at the latest.
In the meantime, if I can be of further assistance please contact me at
the address below.
Yours sincerely,
Kevin Doyland
Licensing Manager
Rochford District Council
3 – 19 South Street
Rochford, SS4 1BW
tel. 01702 318036 (direct line)
My Response to the email
Mr Doyland,
I read your email with interest, and qould like to know when the law changed requiring that objections be put in writing? It certainly was not the case last year and my objection was accepted.
I live directly opposite ASDA and have consistently inconvenienced since they opened. I have had to make numerous calls to the police with regard to noise pollution caused by youths, unfortunately I have not kept a written record of times and dates of when these calls had been made. Had I have known I would need them to enable my quality of life to be assured now, I would have kept them.
Perhaps the council needs to realise the proximity of the store to a residential area. By allowing the store this licence you will be allowing a group of people to utitlise the store during early hours, when people will be sleeping.
In the year that ASDA has been open, they have consistently failed to evidence their ability to be a "good neighbour", the evidence of which is already held with Rochford Council, we have logged complaint after complaint with planning and environmental health departments as well as having CCTV equipment set up in our property for a 5 week period.
I await your response to my initial enquiry at the top of this email.
Corey Vost↓
yes I had a similar one Corey.
So they don't write to ask the local residents they rely on the small possibility of us seeing a dropped sheet of paper regarding the application.
Then they give only a couple of weeks over the busiest time of you for anyone who gets a spare moment to be able to respond.
Then to top it all, we can't object by email it has to be in writing!!!
I am prettty sure they are relying on the fact that no one will bother and they can quickly get this one through!!!!↓
My thoughts exactly! We have less than a month to respond and over Christmas! ASDA certainly are not daft when it comes to planning this!
Why is there though, the ability to respond electronically, if we we're not supposed too, and there is no mention, anywhere, that you have to respond in writing?↓
I have the exact same reply, minus the police info.
Whats the point of this Portal if it does not accept comments!!
This definately needs to be highlighted more to the local community, as i am sure not many need or want a 24 hour supermarket selling Alcohol to the crowds of youths who nightly congregate in Sweyne Park and then litter the surrounding street.↓
I have now been told that as my location is not close enough to ASDA my comments are not valid.
Speaking from someone that is regularly has to clean up smashed bottles and empty drinks cans from outside my property, and has regularly had drunken youths outside my house late at night, i find this incredible.
Ok so i am not directly affected, but surely as a local resident my views should be represented?
Sounds very much like the planning department want this to go through to me.↓
I think if you are local enough to pick up the rubbish from Asda and be affected by it then your views should be considrered.
Funny how they won't accept emails, despite there being a direct link on the website. Only formal written objections will be accepted.
Did anyone receive any formal written notification of this application from RDC?↓
Obviously Asda have got to the council. If the housing goes ahead then ASDA will be in a prime position to profit from the extra housing and a 24 hour licence will be of benefit, to them not the residents!↓
This is a useful document when making licensing representations:
There are two copies of the application posted in the windows of the foyer of Asda for all to see. They both face outwards.
………….. and some rather large trees have just arrived (3.30 p.m.) and look as if they are being planted on the gravel parking area.↓
CCR, they were posted yesterday morning.↓
I am extremely concerned about this application as I do not understand the concept. If Asda trade under a condition that only allows them to be open from 7:00am to 11:00pm, what will the consequences be if the application to provide "Late Night Refreshments Everyday" from 23:00pm to 5:00am?
Will it mean a)That Asda can trade for 22 hours per day.
b)If they can will it automatically mean that as the store is open they can continue normal trade throughout the night.
c)If not would they have strong grounds to make an application for such trading.
d)Is the application for the Asda building or for the whole of the site.
e)If it is the whole site could the license be for one of the proposed shops, a bar or an eatery which could then be transferred to a new occupant.
I think there is a hidden agenda here. Why is the application as posted on the Licensing Authorities site so vague?
Can someone please answer these questions!↓
Unfortunately the government inspector allowed Asda UNLIMITED opening hours…↓
It seems to me that whatever is in the best interests of local residents, Government Inspectors come along and reverse decisions. It does not matter if it is development, licensing or anything else, these faceless individuals work for big business and not what is in the best interest of residents and most importantly not for the best interests of our children. Do they ever come into the vicinity of an area that they are are empowered to make decisions on or do they play god from the safety of their airconditioned offices?
How can this person make such a decision on allowing an uncaring giant like ASDA the right to a 24 hour license without taking the environment and public safety into consideration?
If anyone knows a government inspector I would be very interested in hearing their side of the story.↓
I think it is a disgrace this application is even being considered for 24 hours trading for any reason. Asda should never have been allowed on this site to start with now they think they can do what they like with scant regard for any one who lives in the area.↓
Is it possible that a judicial review over the inspectors decision can be made ?
As in the case of an appeal on land in watery lane which went against the landowner so she took the case for review . I suspect there is a time limit though . This seems so loaded against the residents interests and infringes on human rights .There is a thought anyone got funds to take it to european court of human rights .It should be the licencing authorities function to protect your rights .Priory chase should not have to put up with this .↓
I think the decision of the inspector was atrocious. But perhaps it was the District Council's lack of interest in the site that let him do it – remember, as part of the original deal between the District Council and the County Council, the District Council were supposed to have been involved in the marketing of the site. That didn't happen.
At last night's planning meeting there was an application for some two-storey flats in Bull Lane. I voted against it, but was a little bit exasperated when one of the ward councillors went over the top said it would 'totally destroy the quality of life' of residents there. My response was that I had seen applications that did totally destroy the quality of life, but that last night's application wasn't one of them….↓
Perhaps I could answer some of the comments made above: –
1. Under the Licensing Act 2003 there is no provision for the council as the licensing authority to canvas public opinion about an application or even to advertise the fact that one has been made. The law relies on the applicant placing notices at the premises for 28 days and in a local newspaper on at least 1 occasion during the first two weeks. Having visited the site, we have told Asda's to put up notices at each door, on each of the main signboards alongside Rawreth Lane and at each footway off Priory Chase – there is already one notice on the car park entrance.
2. We do maintain a website where applications received are automatically shown through the electronic database. That portal also allows comments to be sent to us. However, and without commenting on the logic of the law, it is a fact that regulation 21 of the Licensing Act 2003 (Premises licences and club premises certificates) Regulations 2005 requires that representations that are made electronically must also be made in writing – that isn't the council's decision, it's the legislators.
3. Asda have applied for a variation to allow the sale of alcohol for consumption off the premises for 24 hours each day (Sunday trading laws will restrict those hours on Sundays, currently) and to allow the sale of hot food and drink between the hours of 11pm and 5am daily, to coincide with their current permitted opening of 24 hours a day. I have no indication of what the 'hot food' provision will be but, generally, for premises to be able to sell even coffee between those hours, a licence is needed. If they intend opening after 11pm and want to provide customers with hot refreshment they need a licence; if they only wanted to provide cold food and drinks, they don't.
4. The Licensing Act 2003 is specific on who can make representations. For members of the public, they have to be 'interested parties' – generally those that live or are involved in a business in the vicinity. The question of 'vicinity' is not defined and we look at each case on its own merits. In this case it was felt that properties in Downhall Park Way were too far from the premises to be classed as in the vicinity, especially as there is an industrial area in between. There is no appeal against the decision concerning interested parties, other than through judicial review or complaint to the ombudsman.
5. Finally, the licensing process is quite distinct from the planning process. Speaking as manager of the licensing section I can assure you that I have absolutely no interference or influence from any councillors or officers of the council. In simple terms, the law is so tight on how these applications are dealt with that there is no discretion on our part in how they are made, processed and determined – the only time that there is any discretion is when representations have been properly made and are heard by a licensing committee and even they are restricted by the law and regulations.
You can obtain detailed guidance and other information concerning the Licensing Act 2003 on the Department of Culture Media & Sport website at: http://www.culture.gov.uk
We are always prepared to listen to people's views and answer questions they might have. If anyone wishes to discuss any issues around licensing, please contact either Peter Nellies or myself on 01702 318058/318036 or via email@example.com.
Kevin Doyland
Licensing Manager
Rochford District Council↓
Admin, the question of the government inspectors reports and decisions, be they development or licensing, are these reports in the public domain. Can we look them up and analyse how they come to their decisions? These people have such a profound impact on our lives they must surely be accountable for decisions. I have heard from reliable sources that many of these inspectors are not even suitably qualified to make such decisions, this came from a firm of surveyors. Does anyone know if inspectors have to gain a suitable qualification and have enough experiance to carry out the duties that are their remit? Is their a website which will give this information? Do they have a code of ethics, their positions are open to attempted bribery etc. Not that I would accuse any government inspector of buckling under such pressure.
What they do have in their hands is the power to make many peoples lives a misery. Maybe it was time we found out a bit more about these people.↓
It is encouraging to see that Kevin Doyland as a manager of the licensing section also looks at this website to note local people's views. Thank you for taking the time to comment and clarify some issues.
In response to your comments:
1 – I feel that there is a significant difference between fulfilling the minimum required by the law in notifying the public with a few posters and an advert in a local paper, as opposed to genuinely trying to find out what the residents of Rawreth and Rayleigh need and want in their community.
It would be good to know the aims and objectives of the RDC licensing Dept, I guess it should be about meeting the needs of the community, not about ensuring the minimum standards of the law are fulfilled in a tick box fashion. If this were done then although the law may state "there is no provision to canvas public opinion" maybe the department would be striving to find out what is needed and what impact this would have on local residents.
2 – in reference to having things in writing, perhaps the council could print off the electronic correspondence and send it to people asking them to sign it?
3 – I would hope that a vague reference to "late night refreshments" from a store that currently has no cafe or take away facility may trigger some further investigation as to quite what Asda's plans are. Instead we hear that the licensing department have "no indication" of what this would be that they are being asked to approve
4 – Although in point 5 it is stated that the licensing department have no discretion to make decisions, they then appear to contradict this by stating they have already made a decision that the Downhall estate is too far away to be considered an "interested party", and what's more there is no way this can be appealed against. I would have thought an estate within walking distance of the store and an area where the teenagers with the alcohol will congegrate, is certainly classified as "interested parties"
5 – good to hear that the licensing department are not being influenced by any other party. It would be nice to feel they are however being strongly influenced primarily by the needs and concerns of the local residents and community living very close to this large store. Most of these residents with busy lives over Christmas will not have the time or expertise to work out how and what they are allowed to appeal against in legal terms. All they will know is how this will almost certainly negatively affect their quality of life. Gathering evidence from police and searching websites for licensing Acts will I guess put most people off expressing any view at all!
I cannot see any benefit to the local community for this store being open all night selling alcohol. I feel all that will happen is further disturbance to local residents, more litter and more antisocial behaviour associated with alcohol use. At a time when government departments are investing money to reduce the health and social impact of teenage binge drinking this seems to be going against all those objectives.↓
What a good statement of facts Deanne.
I agree that it is encouraging that the Licensing Department have seen our concerns and have felt it necessary to reply, but i still feel that unless the local community know and respond to this, the application will pass without comment.
To quote a line from the document linked by Mark Hooper :"If no relevant representations are made, the licence or variation must be granted (subject to the mandatory conditions)". This worries me, does the Law not even consider local residents quality of life ?
I was very bemused by the statement made declaring that the Downhall estate is considered `not in the vicinity`, because a industrial park is in between the two sites. This is an industrial estate which is 90% closed after 6.00pm, has no shops selling anything after hours and has no problem with youths congregating there. So why that influences the decision is beyond me.
As for the requirement to display notices.. i have been to ASDA with the view of reading the notices and if it was not for the fact i was looking i would have missed them. Yes they are posted on the Entrance Barrier, and in the window next to the doors, but if you were not looking they are easily missed.
Maybe a statement from ASDA would be good so that we can hear what they are proposing.. 24hour coffee shop??↓
Yes, thank you Mr Doyland for leaving your comments – its very helpful for residents to get this kind of information.
So. essentially, residents have to provide reasons for refusing the application that relate to one of the following:
(a) prevention of crime and disorder;
(b) public safety;
(c) prevention of public nuisance;
(d) protection of children from harm.
"Quality of Life" issues that don't come under one of the 4 categories AREN'T considered.
Ron is a member of the licencing committtee. It's possible, though not likley, that he could be involved in the proceedings.
I'm not on the licensing committee, so I can be a bit more active in advance and will be making my own represenations. To get anywhere in objecting to this , though, residents need to accumulate a list of problems that have arisen so far in connection with of the four issues and the sale of alcohol.
Perhaps it would be best if everyone who has any items for this list emailed them to one person, rather than publishing them in public here.
Do we have any volunteers to use their email address as a collecting point ?- if not I'm happy to be the person.
Also I suggest a newsletter needs to go out in the next week to advise local residents …any volunteers to help deliver it?↓
I am appalled by ASDA's sheer arrogance at even attempting to make this application. Again ASDA demonstrate that they are NOT good neighbours. I am also very disappointed in this abhorrent attempt to get this application through the back door which frankly has only been supported by the attitude of RDC's lax interpretation of the law and application of minimum standards.
They must take into consideration the close proximity to homes, this is not an out of town supermarket on a retail park and should not be considered as such. This over developed site is in the middle of a residential settlement.
Local residents have recently fought hard against the sale of alcohol and hot food take-aways in the proposed six units to be built on this site by CORAL (Rayleigh) Ltd. Have these considerations simply been ignored? Do ASDA think in all honesty that these considerations do not affect them too?
RDC placed opening hours restrictions on the CORAL application – 07:00 hrs to 23:00 hrs I believe. These opening hours MUST also be imposed on ASDA -retrospectively if necessary.
I note that ASDA are already planning to open for 24 hours over Christmas. This must never have been allowed and must NEVER be allowed again even if retrospective restrictions need to be imposed.
RDC have made several grave errors over the last few years in relation to this ASDA development and for their own sake if nothing else should not compound these errors any further by allowing this application which will cause further erosion of local residents enjoyment to family life – Article 8 ECHR.
This ASDA already attracts gangs of youngsters and teenagers to congregate in the area. These youths also congregate and intimidate shoppers in the foyer – typically abusing the motorbility scooters that are kept there and hanging around outside the cashpoints. They also habitually use the ASDA staff smoking shelter. What do ASDA do about these issues? ABSOLUTELY NOTHING! What do Rayleigh Police do about this? ABSOLUTELY NOTHING!
These problems will only be exacerbated by the extension of licensing hours to sell alcohol and hot food? Who else are ASDA hoping to attract if not youngsters and teenagers? They are surely not trying to market this as a public service?
Sadly youngsters & teenagers congregating together = under age drinking and substance abuse, increased litter, graffiti, vandalism, noise and disturbance of the peace. Vandalism is already an issue is Sweyne Park this is directly associated to alcohol abuse by teenagers buying and shoplifting cheap booze from ASDA. How does and extension to ASDA's licence reflect Government Policy in thier attempts to reduce harm and reduce binge drinking?
The store will also attract so called joy riders at night who will use ASDA carpark to meet and cause added noise disturbance. Are Rayleigh Police prepared for this? How will this help local families? This will have a detrimental effect on house prices.
Please see some common sense and restore levels of common decency and SAY NO TO ASDA.↓
In addition I would like to add that I visited ASDA this afternoon with the express purpose of trying to find a notice advising local residents of this application. At first I couldn't find one, the elderly
"meet and greet" ASDA employee on the door simply shrugged and said the notices must have been removed. I also spoke to the Trainee Manager who at first didn't appear to know what I was asking about.
The Meet and Greet Man and the Trainee Manager eventually found ONE A4 typed black and white notice on "display" hidden away in a dark corner behind a sliding door. Hardly a prominent position?
NB I was trying to find a notice that I knew should be in existence. How on earth are other local residents who are in blissful ignorance of ASDA's plans supposed to "find" these notices so that they are informed?
ASDA are also assuming that all local residents actually shop at ASDA? I know of quiet a few residents who boycott ASDA and therfore would never see these notices.
I think that this amply demonstrates ASDA's contempt for the law and it's "neighbourly" antisocial intentions towards local residents. Again I reiterate that I am utterly appalled and dismayed by ASDA's cynical attempt to sneak through this licensing application.
The council would have us believe that their hands are tied. This is nonsense. How any competent authority or government inspector would allow ASDA a 24 hour license to sell alcoholic drinks beggers belief. Thankfully I do not live in the vicinity of ASDA in Rawreth but I have noticed and been told how much anti-social behaviour has increased since ASDA has been built, even their own staff will not clear the youths who are causing the trouble. I would not for one moment suggest that the instore staff should do this, however that is what the management of ASDA believe should be part of their staffs' duties! The district is going downhill fast at the hands of the current authority. for once, this week I actually saw the councillors back the residents, at the development control meeting when they turned down the application to build flats in Bull Lane. The council know that the government inspector will allow this application to be passed but did back the residents. The only way sense will prevail is if some way the National Government is put on the spot. They have no respect for our way or quality of life.
Weir Gardens is an example of how peoples quality of life is being seriously eroded by some 'yes sir' government official who's remit is only to help developers at the expense of residents. To build flats in this small area is an affront to the people who live in the gardens. As Chris Black has said it was an atrocious decision, some might say a devastating decision to the residents who will see their properties worth fall even further by this indefensible decision to build flats here. The remit of the government official has to change, to consider all factors not just if the development would fit into the proposed site.
I would suggest we should all write to our local MP Mark Francois and see if he, as our MP, has the appetite to take our concerns to Parliament. There will be an election in the not too distant future and it will be interesting to see if Mr Francois takes our concerns seriously. The Tories also know that there are County Council elections coming up!↓
When I deliver our leaflets I will make sure I put a couple through Mark Francois door. As a local "resident" he will be personally affected by this too!↓
Whilst I will try to continue to monitoring this website during the current application, I can't respond to each and every comment. However, I will try to address some of the comments raised: –
1. The role of the licensing section in dealing with an application is fairly prescriptive – we check it for compliance with the law and then process it in accordance with the requirements of the Licensing Act 2003. That means, if there are no relevant representations objections, granting it as requested; if there are relevant representations, of arranging for it to be heard before a committee. The only discretion we have is in the matter of whether or not a representation is relevant (as prescribed under the Act) and who is an 'interested party' which is decided on a case by case basis.
2. We do not have a remit to take positive steps to find out what the community wants – we have to take an impartial position and can only deal with those matters prescribed under the Act.
3. So far as what is requested in an application goes – we can only check that the activities requested fall under the Act. We have no powers to make representations ourselves – that has to be done by the other authorities, such as police, environmental priotection, etc. and the public who qualify as interested parties.
4. The Licensing Act 2003 does not allow the council to take into account any question of planning consent in deciding whether or not to grant a licence or the times that a licence can be granted until. Just to explain further – the planning department can't object to a licence solely because there's no planning consent or where the licence times will exceed those allowed under the planning consent. You may think this irrational but it is a fact.
5. In this case Asda's have planning consent to open 24 hours a day – not granted by this council but by the government inspectors. This does impact on the licensing application because government guidance says that a licence should be granted to coincide with the opening hours, if so requested, unless there are, for example, objections from the police on the grounds of crime and disorder. This does not mean that others cannot object nor that an application has to be granted where it can be shown that factors exist that undermine the licensing objectives.
6. As part of our role in ensuring the application is properly made, we do periodically check that the public notices are properly displayed and we will be following up the comment that there are few/none.↓
For anyone worried about either the licensing issues or the role of the Government Inspectors and their role of overturning decisions made by elected councillors and would like to share their concerns with Mark Francois MP, can contact him via the local Conservative email as follows. email@example.com If Mr. Francois receives enough emails from worried residents he will have to take our concerns on board.↓
We visited the site yesterday (22/12/08); there 5 displayed and another was being put in the foyer area.↓
Just a reminder to those people who wish to submit representations in connection with this application – the closing date is 8 January after which none will be accepted. For guidance on how to make representations go to http://www.culture.gov.uk/what_we_do/alcohol_and_entertainment/4038.aspx
Please also remember to make them in writing, to include details of name and address and to sign them.↓
Also for those people who have not written to Mark Francois MP, the email address is email@example.com As our MP he has to look at all issues concerning his constituents and we are coming to the time he will need to take all our concerns onboard, if he is to survive the next election! This will not be lost on him or his team.↓
The council has received 15 valid representations to this application, which will result in a hearing no later than the first week in February. All those who made valid representations will receive a notice informing them of the time, date and place and of their rights to attend and give evidence to the Licensing Sub Committee. Those whose representations were rejected may attend but not take part in the proceedings.↓


text:
Dial-Up: I'm into taking pop and smudging it up a bit
Photo by Andrew Jansen
A whole lot has changed for Andrew O'Laughlin Jansen over the past few years. He's transformed from the loveably blissed-out frontman of the basement folk-punk troupe A Paper Cup Band to a father and family man, but his freewheeling charm is still wonderfully intact. Now the primary songwriter for two awesome local groups, a brooding avant-surf band called Crimes, and his tippier solo/family project known as Dial-Up. After last year's stint as full-on rock band featuring his wife Aila O'Laughlin Jansen and Elliot Snyder of Part Mammal, Dial-Up has been dialed-back to fit its mastermind's new schedule.
Ahead of Sunday's release show for Cold Rinse at Icehouse, Gimme Noise caught up with Andrew to discuss balancing fatherhood, his new synth toys, and Nudes.
Gimme Noise: Your band has always had a really unique chemistry, being as you're a husband-and-wife group. Now that you've got a baby in the picture, has that changed how you write songs?
Andrew O'Laughlin Jansen: Yeah, this whole project, Cold Rinse, I would work on basically by myself after 9 p.m. For some stints I would be going downstairs into the basement every night after 9 or 10 p.m. when she's asleep until 2 or until I had to go to sleep, then wake up and go to work. So this one was mostly me, on the record. I played most of the instruments. We're going to have a full band at Icehouse, and it will be slightly re-interpreted, just because it's a different dynamic when you get a full band. I don't necessarily think it has to sound exactly like the record when we do it live, because this record was definitely not a full-band writing process. I needed Elliot to play drums on "Wooden Silo" because it's kind of more of a live drum sound, but other than that, I don't know if anyone really did anything else. I hope! I don't want to offend anyone [laughs].
It's a different approach. I'm moving to California in two weeks because Aila's doing grad school, and I'll be there until the summer, then I'll come back. But I'll probably end up having to do something similar, where it's mostly just me writing stuff out and getting the band together to play it.
So with all the new responsibilities in your life, including the record you put out with your other group Crimes this year, is it tough to find time to for Dial-Up?
I think that's why it's becoming more of a bedroom project. I kind of call it "bedroom pop" because I think out of necessity it's becoming that. Also because it's more synthesizers and more experimentation. If I'm gonna get a bunch of musicians together, I can't really fool around. With Crimes we'll kind of jam and get noisey, but we still know what we're doing. It's fun in Dial-Up to not know and really really go outside of the box. Even though it's still pop, for each song there's about five different versions, each mixed in weird ways with different aspects coming in and out, and what is on the record now is almost a remix of what it was before.
That makes a lot of sense to me, because Dial-Up songs, especially on this record, have always been this really vulnerable but melodic pop material, washed with all sorts of textures and noise. Do you like the idea of obscuring the inherent catchiness of what you write?
Yeah, even like the last four songs or five songs on the record kind of drone in to together, even the beat. Pieces of song five are on song six, so they kind of go into each other. But yeah, I'm really into taking pop, and smudging it up a little bit. Sure, they could be really clean, but I just didn't like they way that sounded. But they could be done really bubblegum-y if you wanted to, or super twee-pop, or they could be done more they way they are, which is a little droney-er and fuzzy.
What's been influencing your process? I've been hearing some more Trip-Hop type sounds on this record. Was there any new gear you were playing with that you got a lot of inspiration from?
Oh totally! I got this analog synthesizer, it's a remake from Korg's first big commercial synthesizer, the MS-20. Basically, I had these songs written, and they were really really trip-hoppy, and the drum machine was the main thing at first. Then I got that MS-20 and I put it literally over everything. I started getting rid of guitars, and getting rid of other things, maybe I'd have like 5 tracks that I could get rid of because I'd add like, one synth line that really poked out a lot more. The MS-20 was the quintessential thing. That came out in February, and I got it in March, and that was when I started working like, every night for a couple of months until it was done.
Some of these songs were written during Landline, so some of these are actually 2 years old, which to me means a lot because it's really hard to be into something that's old that you wrote. Usually musicians just want to move on to the next thing, but what was nice was the structures were all there for me, and technology kind of changed with the MS-20 being available for not back-breaking prices.
I remember you saying when Landline was released that Dial-Up was more of a demo-reel project for you, and during that recording and subsequent shows it became much more about the live-band. Which do feel is kind of truer to the idea of Dial-Up that you have in your head?
I really think the solo, kind of bedroom pop thing is more what I'm going for. I think when we try and play it live, you let some things go, and the you really enjoy those parts that other people write. But it is a different process, and I'm not going to be a control freak, because I actually really like the way other people do things. I really like having it be different live, but I think the core of it is more of a solo, bedroom project.
As a music journalist, I spend a lot of time on Bandcamp, and one of the things that always tickles me is when people use funny "tags" to highlight their record for searching. I really loved your tags for Cold Rinse, so I'd like you to give me a sentence or two about why you chose each one. First up is "Cult."
I dunno, I like to kind of think of this as weird scripture [laughs]. That's what's cool about tags, I'm hoping the kind of person that types in "cult" would be into the record.
What about "Gray?"
Oh, well Gray is the name of our child! But that's what's interesting, is people wouldn't know that, because it's a color, and I feel like the record does have this weird in-between vibe.
Broadcast is a really awesome band! They're like my favorite band.
Finally, "Nudes." Why "Nudes?"
Because I'm hoping whoever is searching for nudes in Bandcamp, I want them to come to our site, you know? [Laughs] I want weirdos looking at it!
So why a release Cold Rinse on Cassette this time, instead of Vinyl like Landline?
I wish it could be on vinyl, but I can't really front that money right now. Also, I really like vinyl, and that's how I listen to music very often, in addition to digital. But I do also listen to a lot of cassettes, and it's not like I drive a new car, the car I drive is from '98 so it definitely has a cassette player.
Actually, Side B of this record is a mixtape of really awesome stuff. So I really feel like it's going to be a really strong cassette . Side B is gonna be like J. Dilla and a lot of swung instrumental hip-hop, to kind of go on that Trip-Hop vibe, even though it's more of the American version of trip-hop. But it's that same cadence. Not R&B, but kind of bob-your-head.
Dial-Up Cold Rinse Release. With Carroll. $5, 9:30 p.m., Sunday, December 15 at Icehouse. Tickets here.
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Bok is very grateful to the Kiva lenders for the loan help they have offered; through this, she can build a bathroom in her house. This will allow her to have a better quality of life and be able to be in good health. She believes that health is the most important for everyone, and the first step she should take to achieve other businesses and improve her living conditions.
Additional Information
More information about this loan
This loan is part of HKL's new water and sanitation loan program designed to help improve living standards of poor and low-income people living in Cambodia. Loans under the program are directed at various products that help improve access to clean water and improved sanitation facilities including loans for water tanks, filters, wells, distribution, and latrines. These loans help to reduce rates of waterborne disease, improve health, and increase economic outcomes for poor families. HKL has designed this social loan product to feature a lower rate than typical.
About HKLHattha Kaksekar Limited is one of the largest and most successful microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Cambodia. The organization provides microfinance services to the poor, particularly women, in urban and rural areas. Kiva lenders' funds will be used to expand the outreach of HKL's financial services to a greater number of clients in rural areas of Cambodia.
About Housing Loans
Many poor families cannot afford housing that meets their needs. When you make a housing loan on Kiva, you give people access to flexible capital to obtain or improve their homes. Better housing means better health, sanitation, and even educational outcomes for children. A house can also be much more for entrepreneurs who run businesses out of their homes. In this way, housing and small business loans on Kiva share a common purpose: to alleviate poverty and enable families to enjoy more stable lives.
About Cambodia
144View loans »
US Dollars
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 14 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Jul 17, 2013
- Listed
- Aug 4, 2013
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Ended:
- Aug 17, 2014


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Advanced Search
Learning Platforms | News
Social learning platform Edmodo has received a facelift. The K-12 platform sports a simpler interface, according to the company, which announced enhancements during a free virtual conference it held this week. At the same event, Edmodo also demoed an update to its iPad app to reflect the new changes on the Web version of the application for more cross-platform consistency.
Edmodo is a free learning management environment that allows teachers and students to communicate online.
The redesign of the interface includes changes for more accessibility and usability. For example, icons in the library are larger and easier to read. Also, the user interface now has two columns instead of three. A floating toolbar for apps allows users to drag any app from the program's app launcher and drop it into the toolbar; from there the users can access the apps from anywhere within the application. Users can also manage apps from anywhere within Edmodo, including installing, deleting, and transferring licenses between groups with a single click.
Group pages--collections of people--now allow for simpler management of small groups (subsets of those people), posts, folders, and group members.
The company has also made its free apps available to international users.
The new release of the iPad app for Edmodo, version 4.1 lets the teacher perform all classroom management from the device, including creating new accounts. Another new feature enables shuttling of files such as files, photos, and videos from other apps into Edmodo. For example, a user could create a file in an iPad app, such as mobileword processor Pages, follow the steps to open the file in another app (Edmodo), and attach the file to a post, assignment, or library. An Edmodo file could also be exported elsewhere via the same functionality.
The new version of the app is 30.3 MB in size and requires iOS 6.0 or later.
Edmodo is in use by teachers at Lakeview High School in Michigan, Hilton Head Island Elementary School in South Carolina, and Bryan Independent School District in Texas.
About the Author
Dian Schaffhauser is a writer who covers technology and business for a number of publications. Contact her at email@example.com.
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Find out why over 900 educators in 48 states say they could be better equipped for emergencies – and what stands in their way. Plus, learn how your school can improve safety, emergency preparedness and everyday efficiency in this just-released report. Download the results and see how your school communications compare.
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Angelina Jolie Doesn't Rule Out Haiti Adoption (VIDEO)
Angelina Jolie is back from a three-day trip to Haiti, where she visited an SOS Villages camp for orphans among other good deeds.
While she was there Angelina spoke via satellite with CNN's Christiane Amanpour, who asked if she wanted to adopt a Haitian child.
"I'm always open to children around the world. We're that kind of a family; Brad and I talk about that," she said. "But that's not what we're focusing on at this time, by any means. We're not here for that."


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At Region 3 in Union, Roselle Park, No. 13 in The Star-Ledger Top 20, advanced two of its three wrestlers to send a total of nine to the quarterfinals.
Chris Gural (106 pounds) earned a fall in 4:35 over Whippany Park's Nick Wilson while Micheal Figuerdo recorded a 10-2 major decision over Linden's Diego Ataca. Andy Santamaria (120) was eliminated after dropping an 11-1 major decision to Whippany Mark's Matthew Mastrobuono.
Cranford also had three wrestlers in action and sent two through to the quarterfinals. Anthony Capiece (106) recorded a first-period fall and Corey Birch (152) pinned his opponent in 3:21 while Andrew Tompkins (145) fell, 3-1, in overtime.
A total of nine Cranford wrestlers will take the mats Friday for the quarterfinals.
on February 26, 2014 8:57 PM, updated February 26, 2014 9:43 PM
02/26 - 12:00 AM Wrestling Team FinalNJSIAA Regionals, Region 3 - First RoundBarringer 0Boonton 0Brearley 0Chatham 0Colonia 0Columbia 0Cranford 0Delbarton 0Elizabeth 0Gov. Livingston 0Hanover Park 0Irvington 0Johnson 0Linden 0Madison 0Middlesex 0Millburn 0Morristown 0Mountain Lakes 0New Providence 0Newark Central 0North Plainfield 0Parsippany 0Parsippany Hills 0Plainfield 0Rahway 0Roselle Park 0Rutgers Prep 0Scotch Plains-Fanwood 0Seton Hall Prep 0Shabazz 0South Plainfield 0Summit 0Union 0Union Catholic 0Watchung Hills 0Weequahic 0Westfield 0Whippany Park 0view all teams
At Region 3 in Union, Roselle Park, No. 13 in The Star-Ledger Top 20, advanced two of its three wrestlers to send a total of nine to the quarterfinals.


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Hello. We adults are supposed to be protecting our kids, not serving them up. But we are hyper-sexualizing them at ever younger ages in a way that does just that.
I have four children, a son and three daughters. And the oldest are bumping up against the teen years. Look, I love the Internet, and there's a lot I like about community Web sites, used rightly. I'm already encouraging my kids to find their own clothing style even when it's different than mine.
More to the point, I also encourage them to find value in who they are, and to enjoy their minds, and their accomplishments, and to appreciate and respect their bodies. So I hate the gratuitous sexualization of our kids. It's not because I'm a prude. Just the opposite. I hate it because that's not good enough for our kids in any sense. They were designed for so much more.
I'm actually all allowing kids to discover themselves. But that should come within our guidance and protection. And that means the adults in our children's lives need to behave like, well, grown-ups.


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Belle threatens to leave Mr. Gold if he doesn't change his ways; the dwarves try to find fairy dust in the Storybrooke mine; Rumplestiltskin tries to save his wife from a band of pirates.
Emma and Mary Margaret try to find a portal that would bring them back to Storybrooke; Henry tries to talk Jefferson into reuniting with his daughter; on the eve of meeting Prince Charming's mother, King George poisons Snow White.
As Regina tries to refrain from using her magic in order to regain Henry's trust, she starts seeing a ghost from her past; Mary Margaret and Emma find a survivor from an Ogre massacre; Regina struggles to learn the dark arts.
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Kings will be tyrants from policy, when subjects are rebels from principle.
Edmund Burke (1729 - 1797)
Source: Reflections on the Revolution in France. Vol. iii. P. 334.
Contributed by: Zaady
The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse.
Source: Speech on the Middlesex Election, 1771
To execute laws is a royal office; to execute orders is not to be a king. However, a political executive magistracy, though merely such, is a great trust.
Source: Reflections on the Revolution in France. Vol. iii. P. 497.
Because half a dozen grasshoppers under a fern make the field ring with their importunate chink, whilst thousands of great cattle, reposed beneath the shadow of the British oak, chew the cud and are silent, pray, to not imagine that those who make the noise are the only inhabitants of the field; that, of course, they are many in number; or that, after all, they are other than the little, shriveled, meagre, hopping, though loud and troublesome insects of the hour.
Source: Reflections on the Revolution in France.Vol. iii. P. 344.
Whenever a separation is made between liberty and justice, neither, in my opinion, is safe.
Justice is itself the great standing policy of civil society; and any eminent departure from it, under any circumstances, lies under the suspicion of being no policy at all.
There is but one law for all, namely, that law which governs all law, the law of our Creator, the law of humanity, justice, equity-the law of nature, and of nations.
Source: Impeachment of W. Hastings, 28 May 1794
Bad laws are the worst sort of tyranny.
Source: Speech, Bristol previous to the Election, 1780
It is not, what a lawyer tells me I may do; but what humanity, reason, and justice, tell me I ought to do.
Source: Speech, Conciliation w America, 22 Mar. 1775
Those who attempt to level never equalize. In all societies some description must be uppermost. The levellers, therefore, only change and pervert the natural order of things; they load the edifice of society by setting up in the air what the solidity of the structure requires to be on the ground.
Copyright © 2016 Gaiam, Inc.


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- GuatemalaServicesFunding via ADICLA
Grupo Secto...GuatemalaClothingFunding via ADICLA
ManuelGuatemalaAgricultureFunding via ADICLA
Dúo Santa Fe Ocaña Group
The leader of this group is Ricardo, 29, who cultivates roses. He lives in the rural community of Santa Fe Ocaña which is a place of natural beauty. He has been in business for nine years and owns several rose plantations. He is grateful to his parents for the education they gave him and for teaching him to be a man of good will.
He is in need of buying insecticide to treat plant disease, as well as fertilizer for the roses. He does not have enough money to buy the quanity he should, so he is requesting a loan to be able to give the crops the attention they need. He hopes to be an important businessman like his father, who he admires very much.
El encargado de este grupo es el señor Ricardo quien tiene 29 años de edad y se dedica a la siembra de rosas, el vive en caserío Santa Fe Ocaña un lugar donde la naturaleza es hermosa. El tiene 9 años de iniciar su propio negocio y ya cuenta con varias plantaciones de rosas la cual está muy agradecido con sus padres por sus enseñanzas y así poder ser un hombre de bien. El necesita comprar muchos insecticida, líquidos para matar las plagas de la siembra, también necesita abonar las rosas y debe comprar quintales de ellos, el dinero que tiene no le alcanza por tal motivo hace una solicitud de crédito para poder sacar adelante la cosecha con lo que necesita. Desea ser un gran empresario como su padre la cual el admira mucho.
Additional Information
About FAPEFAPE, the Foundation for the Assistance of Small Businesses, is a nonprofit, socially-minded institution that provides loans to micro-entrepreneurs across Guatemala.
This is a Group Loan
In a group loan, each member of the group receives an individual loan but is part of a larger group of individuals. The group is there to provide support to the members and to provide a system of peer pressure, but groups may or may not be formally bound by a group guarantee. In cases where there is a group guarantee, members of the group are responsible for paying back the loans of their fellow group members in the case of delinquency or default.
Kiva's Field Partners typically feature one borrower from a group. The loan description, sector, and other attributes for a group loan profile are determined by the featured borrower's loan. The other members of the group are not required to use their loans for the same purpose.
About Guatemala
118View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 8 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Apr 12, 2013
- Listed
- Apr 16, 2013
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Possible
- Ended:
- Nov 17, 2013


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Gorgui Dieng talks about his experience at UofLUPDATED 4:13 PM EST Mar 08, 2013
University of Louisville men's basketball's Gorgui Dieng talks about his experience as a UofL college student compared to his time in Senegal and his future plans.
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Ashlynne McGhee is an award-winning reporter in the ABC's Melbourne newsroom. Since joining the ABC in 2010, Ashlynne has covered elections, natural disasters, crime and world news for the broadcaster. Ashlynne has a strong interest in data journalism.
Gold Coast Tourism and a skydiving business on Queensland's Sunshine Coast will share the slogan "famous for fun".
Topics: tourism, business-economics-and-finance, industry, information-and-communication, copyright, law-crime-and-justice, lifestyle-and-leisure, travel-and-tourism, rural, rural-tourism, maroochydore-4558, australia, qld, nambour-4560, woombye-4559
Posted| Updated
A man will spend eight-and-a-half years in prison for attacking his boss with a hammer on Queensland's Gold Coast in 2007.
Topics: assault, law-crime-and-justice, courts-and-trials, crime, southport-4215, australia, qld
Posted| Updated
The federal Member for Moncrieff, Steven Ciobo, has joined calls for the Queensland Government to temporarily switch off the Tugun water desalination plant on the Gold Coast.
Topics: water-management, environment, water, water-supply, government-and-politics, public-sector, tugun-4224
A man from Queensland's Gold Coast has made a brief appearance in the Southport Magistrates Court charged with the murder of his wife.
Topics: murder-and-manslaughter, law-crime-and-justice, courts-and-trials, crime, southport-4215, australia, qld
Posted| Updated
A Queensland construction union is calling for the Gold Coast Mayor Ron Clarke to resign.
Topics: local-government, business-economics-and-finance, industry, building-and-construction, activism-and-lobbying, government-and-politics, unions, southport-4215, australia, qld
Farmers and small business owners will gather on Queensland's Gold Coast next month to trade the secrets of Australia's new rural industries.
Topics: agribusiness, rural, southport-4215
The Queensland Police Union (QPU) says it is opposed to a Gold Coast City Council plan for the region's officers to hand out tickets for 'good behaviour'.
Topics: police, southport-4215
Police on Queensland's Gold Coast have charged 13 people with prostitution related offences after raids during last weekend's Gold Coast 600 motor racing carnival.
Topics: sexual-offences, law-crime-and-justice, courts-and-trials, crime, surfers-paradise-4217, australia, qld, southport-4215
Posted| Updated
Two women, believed to be an 85yo mother and her 65yo daughter, have been found dead in a unit block on Qld's Gold Coast.
Topics: emergency-incidents, disasters-and-accidents, southport-4215, qld, surfers-paradise-4217
Posted| Updated
Investigations are continuing into an overnight fire at an industrial block on Queensland's Gold Coast.
Topics: industrial-fires, accidents, workplace, disasters-and-accidents, emergency-incidents, fires, arundel-4214, australia, qld, southport-4215
The Queensland Opposition Leader and Member for Surfers Paradise, John-Paul Langbroek, has urged people to check on their neighbours after the bodies of two Gold Coast women lay in their unit, undiscovered, for more than a week.
Topics: emergency-incidents, emergency-planning, states-and-territories, surfers-paradise-4217
Posted| Updated
A business leader says the latest increase in official interest rates could make for a bleak Christmas on Queensland's Gold Coast.
Topics: economic-trends, banking, housing-industry, southport-4215
Lifesavers say dangerous beach conditions on Queensland's Gold Coast may worsen over the weekend.
Topics: emergency-planning, emergency-incidents, southport-4215
Posted| Updated
A magistrate has granted bail to a 33-year-old Brisbane man charged over a fatal car crash on Queensland's Gold Coast.
Topics: courts-and-trials, accidents, road, disasters-and-accidents, law-crime-and-justice, burleigh-heads-4220, australia, qld, sherwood-4075, southport-4215
Drugs and guns have been seized during a police raid on a business on Queensland's Gold Coast.
Topics: drug-offences, law-crime-and-justice, biggera-waters-4216, southport-4215
Three police officers on Queensland's Gold Coast have been injured while trying to break up a fight in Surfers Paradise.
Topics: courts-and-trials, law-crime-and-justice, crime, antisocial-behaviour, assault, police, surfers-paradise-4217
Posted| Updated
A nurse on the Gold Coast who claims she was the victim of workplace bullying says a senior Queensland Health (QH) staff member told her to "let it go" and find a new job.
Topics: health-administration, education, bullying, health, doctors-and-medical-professionals, health-policy, healthcare-facilities, southport-4215, australia, qld, logan-city-dc-4114, robina-4226
The Gold Coast City Council is welcoming back two major music festivals to the south-east Queensland region.
Topics: community-and-multicultural-festivals, local-government, lifestyle-and-leisure, southport-4215
Posted| Updated
A 16-year-old boy from Logan, south of Brisbane, has been killed in a hit-and-run road accident on Queensland's Gold Coast.
Topics: accidents, law-crime-and-justice, traffic-offences, bundall-4217, surfers-paradise-4217
Lifesavers on Queensland's Gold Coast say swimmers are getting injured in rough surf conditions.
Topics: accidents, erosion, southport-4215
The Fair Work Ombudsman has recovered $83,000 in unpaid wages for workers on Queensland's Gold Coast.
Topics: work, business-economics-and-finance, industry, building-and-construction, regulation, law-crime-and-justice, gaven-4211, southport-4215
Posted| Updated
Gold Coast police say they have received information from the public about a van involved in a fatal hit-and-run but they need more help.
Topics: traffic-offences, crime, bundall-4217
Five families on Queensland's Gold Coast are asking for a little help to make this Christmas special.
Topics: family, family-and-children, welfare, broadbeach-4218
Police say two men used a stolen excavator to try and break into an ATM on Queensland's Gold Coast overnight.
Topics: crime, nerang-4211
Energex is sending out resumption notices for a planned high-voltage power line south of Brisbane, even though the Queensland Government is yet to approve the project.
Topics: electricity-energy-and-utilities, business-economics-and-finance, industry, government-and-politics, public-sector, states-and-territories, logan-city-dc-4114, australia, qld, brisbane-4000