text:
How accurate can genetic predictions be?
© Dreyfuss et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012
Received: 4 November 2011
Accepted: 1 July 2012
Published: 24 July 2012
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© Dreyfuss et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012
Received: 4 November 2011
Accepted: 1 July 2012
Published: 24 July 2012
Pre-symptomatic prediction of disease and drug response based on genetic testing is a critical component of personalized medicine. Previous work has demonstrated that the predictive capacity of genetic testing is constrained by the heritability and prevalence of the tested trait, although these constraints have only been approximated under the assumption of a normally distributed genetic risk distribution.
Here, we mathematically derive the absolute limits that these factors impose on test accuracy in the absence of any distributional assumptions on risk. We present these limits in terms of the best-case receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, consisting of the best-case test sensitivities and specificities, and the AUC (area under the curve) measure of accuracy. We apply our method to genetic prediction of type 2 diabetes and breast cancer, and we additionally show the best possible accuracy that can be obtained from integrated predictors, which can incorporate non-genetic features.
Knowledge of such limits is valuable in understanding the implications of genetic testing even before additional associations are identified.
Accurate pre-symptomatic prediction of disease and drug response is a vital component of personalized medicine, which could allow for improved clinical decision-making and targeted prevention strategies, easing both the burden and costs of disease [1]. Already, several companies offer consumers personalized risk assessments, lifestyle recommendations, and 'nutraceuticals' based on their genetic profiles [2]. Unfortunately, most genetic factors associated with common traits explain only a small portion of the phenotypic variance (the "missing heritability" problem [3]), making genetic prediction currently difficult [4]. Investment into studies that assay rare variants [5] and the use of informative polymorphisms that do not individually pass stringent statistical tests of association [6] can improve the accuracy of predictions, but the extent to which predictions can be improved is unclear. Thus, identifying the bounds on the accuracy of predictive genetic testing based on readily-known disease parameters (such as prevalence and heritability) can be an invaluable planning tool.
Although the accuracy of a medical test can be measured in many ways, the concepts of sensitivity and specificity are paramount [7]. Frequently, the test result is continuous (e.g. the individual's predicted risk), while the clinical decision and true outcome are binary (e.g. either the person will get sick or not), so that different thresholds of the test result yield different pairs of sensitivity and specificity. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve depicts this tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity across all possible thresholds, and the area under this curve (AUC) is the most widely used metric to summarize the accuracy of a test. An AUC of 1 indicates perfect prediction while an AUC of 0.5 represents random guessing.
Evidence that a bound on maximum predictive accuracy exists can be found in heritability. The heritability of a trait (in the broad-sense) is the proportion of phenotypic variation in the population that can be attributed to genetic variation; that is, it reflects the contribution of genetic factors relative to environmental ones. Narrow-sense heritability measures the corresponding quantity for additive genetic variance only, which excludes genetic effects such as dominance and epistasis. The heritability of binary phenotypes can be computed directly on the observed binary scale. However, it may also be calculated on a liability scale, where it is assumed that an individual has the binary trait if their risk exceeds a threshold. Both types of heritability can be estimated using family-based studies, such as twin studies [8], and the two scales can be mapped to each other [9].
The impact of heritability on genetic test accuracy can be seen by examining its two extremes: a trait that has 100% heritability, such as a Mendelian trait, can be predicted with certainty from the genotype; in contrast, a trait with 0% heritability is not influenced by genetic factors, and thus genetic tests cannot produce any useful information. Previous ground-breaking works have investigated the bounds prevalence and heritability impose on predictive accuracy using simulations [10], analytical results utilizing genotype relative risks and their frequencies [11], and analytical approximations under the assumption of a normally distributed liability [12, 13]. Here, we mathematically elucidate the absolute bounds on the specificities, sensitivities, and AUC for genetic testing given any values of heritability and prevalence of the tested trait, without making any assumptions about the risk distribution.
Common complex traits are typically the combined effect of genetic and environmental factors. Since no practical predictor can account for all factors and their interactions, clinical prediction can at best assign probabilistic risks rather than deterministic outcomes. Viewed on the population level, these risk assignments can be seen as comprising a risk distribution, which is an estimate of the population's true risk distribution. Maximal predictive accuracy occurs when the estimated risk matches the true risk.
where i = 1,…,n indexes people, n is the sample size, risk i is individual i's genetic risk (i.e. the conditional probability of the trait given genes), and is the average genetic risk, which equals the average population risk (see Methods). The meaning of risk depends on the context: for instance, when the phenotype is current disease status, the average risk in the population is its prevalence, whereas in prediction of lifetime illness, risk is the lifetime risk of disease. (When possible, we nonetheless opt for the term prevalence.) Equation 1 mathematically expresses that heritability is the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the genetic risk distribution.
Breast cancer has the same maximal AUC as T2D, albeit with a distinct ROC curve from T2D. Breast cancer was found to have a prevalence of 4% [19], and we calculated its heritability on the binary scale to be 11% (see Methods), which yields a maximum AUC of 89%. Although this is the same maximum AUC as for T2D, the sensitivity/specificity pairs for breast cancer (Figure 3) are not identical to those for T2D, owing to the different disease parameters. For example, to reach a specificity of 99%, sensitivity cannot exceed 24%, which is substantially lower than the corresponding maximal sensitivity of T2D when specificity is 99%. The divergence of these two ROC curves as specificity approaches 100% illustrates the importance of identifying the maximal ROC curve, rather than relying on the maximal AUC alone.
Heritability is the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by all genetic factors, but our analytic approach can treat the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by any particular set of factors. If the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by a particular set of genes is known, that proportion of variance explained could be substituted for heritability in our model. For instance, if a subset of genes could explain 50% of the genetic variance of T2D (i.e. explain 13% of phenotypic variance), then the maximum achievable AUC of this subset would be 80%.
Our method can also be applied in elucidating the maximum accuracy of predictors that integrate features such as gene expression, de novo mutation, body mass index, and lifestyle (which are not fully inherited). The proportion of variance explained by such an integrated predictor can then be greater than heritability. When there are no gene-environment interactions, this difference is the proportion of phenotypic variation that these features explain independently of genes. For example, weekly physical activity can explain 4% of phenotypic variance of T2D (see Methods), is moderately heritable [20], and was found to not interact with well-known gene variants in T2D [21]. Accordingly, the proportion of variance explained by the integrated predictor comprised of genomic profile and physical activity does not increment by the full 4% beyond the heritability of T2D. If the proportion of T2D variance that physical activity explains independently of genes was known to be only 3%, say, then the integrated predictor's maximum AUC would be calculated based on a proportion of variance explained of 29% (sum of 26% and 3%), which yields a maximum AUC of 90%. If, however, we did not have an estimate for the proportion of T2D variance that physical activity explains independently of genes, then we could conservatively use 4% in the previous calculation, yielding a similar AUC. This analysis applies to predictors based on non-genetic features that are supplemented by genetics. In general, the estimation of the proportion of variance explained by integrated predictors is complicated by the interaction of genetic and non-genetic features; our method can nonetheless be applied when the interaction can be estimated or bounded. Note that genetic testing alone can still accurately predict outcome for some small, extreme risk groups (such as those with highly penetrant variants), but such a test will not benefit the general population without both a high sensitivity and specificity [22].
Our results are general and apply to any binary trait, and they rely on only two commonly estimated parameters. Although the quality of the results is only as good as the estimates of prevalence and heritability for the population in question, our method allows for ranges of prevalences and heritabilities to be considered, which can provide important insight into predictive accuracies. Nonetheless, care must be taken when applying these statistics, as different estimates apply in different situations. For example, in assessing limits to the prediction of lifelong risk, lifelong risk estimates should be used in place of prevalence estimates. In particular, the ballooning lifelong risk of T2D in the USA [23] implies genetic prediction of lifetime T2D will become more difficult.
Using this approach, one may evaluate a proposed GWAS based on parameters such as sample size and the number of loci sampled.
Heritability estimates for any binary trait can be used by our method. Broad-sense heritability estimates are needed to cap predictive accuracy, since genetic predictors can exploit dominance and epistatic interactions not measured by narrow-sense heritability estimates. However, if a genetic predictor is constructed as an additive model in line with the assumptions of narrow-sense heritability, then its maximum accuracy can be calculated using narrow-sense heritability; thus, these estimates can also be used, albeit with a slightly different interpretation. Heritability estimates on the normal liability scale can be used after they are transformed to the observed binary scale, e.g. using the method proposed by Dempster and Lerner [8, 9]. Heritability on the binary scale can be sensitive to prevalence [26], but its use avoids the assumption of normally-distributed liability, which requires that the trait be affected by many genes, all with small effect (normally-distributed liability effectively requires a purely unimodal genetic risk distribution). In fact, when variants with particularly large effects do exist—such as APOE in Alzheimer's disease [27], BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast and ovarian cancer [28], and LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease [29]—previous authors have suggested simulations in lieu of their analytical approximation [13]. Moreover, because liability cannot be measured, the distributional assumptions on liability are virtually untestable [30].
Our maximal ROC curves (Figure 3) can be substantially higher than those given by the beta distribution, which is an accurate proxy for multiple previous reports [10, 12, 13], indicating that the maximal accuracies of genetic prediction may be substantially higher than previously thought. This difference highlights the importance that the risk distribution can have in the power of genetic prediction. Furthermore, as we are only now beginning to uncover the risk distributions of common complex diseases, it seems important to understand the absolute, distribution-independent limits on genetic-test accuracy, which we present here.
We have given exact limits on genetic prediction for any binary trait imposed by the epidemiological parameters of prevalence and heritability. Knowledge of these limits can help delineate the maximal benefits associated with genetic testing, which can allow for cost-benefit analyses, regulation, and clinical guidelines regarding genetic testing even before additional associations are identified. We have also illustrated how these limits can help us prioritize the allocation of research resources, by showing how they can assist in the prioritization and design of future association studies. The calculations presented in this paper could further be used to mitigate the possibility of investing in the development of a genetic test which could never be accurate enough to be of clinical relevance.
To optimize over the set of risk distributions subject to the disease parameters of average risk and proportion of variance explained (PVE), we modeled a categorical distribution (which resembles a histogram) with b + 1 bins located at 0, 1/b, 2/b, … , 1 representing risk groups, so i/b represents the conditional probability of disease given a set of factors for individuals in risk group i (e.g. people in the 1/b group have risk 1/b). An example of such a distribution is depicted in Figure 1. The probability that someone falls into bin i is p i , where the p i 's (for i = 0,…,b) sum to one. We restrict the average risk (e.g. prevalence) and PVE (e.g. heritability) using two observations. (1) By the law of total probability, the unconditional probability of disease is simply the mean of the conditional risk distribution, i.e. it is equal to the average risk. (2) The PVE relates to the risk distribution through Equation 1. (Equation 1 can be understood as the R2 from the regression: binary phenotype = risk + error, where risk is a probability.)
Here, n j individuals have risk j/b, i.e. they are assigned to risk group (histogram bin) j, and p j = n j /n is the probability that a random individual is assigned to risk group j.
With this model of the risk distribution and constraints, we can identify the best-case AUC and optimal sensitivity/specificity pairs using the procedures detailed below. Because these procedures associate a single genetic risk distribution with the best-case AUC and a potentially different risk distribution with each optimal sensitivity/specificity pair, it is possible that only some of these sensitivity/specificity pairs may be realizable for a single trait in practice. Consequently, these sensitivity/specificity pairs cannot be used directly to derive the maximal AUC.
The numerator of this expression can be conveniently represented as p T Qp + b 2 k, where Q is a symmetric matrix whose entry at row i and column j is -j(b + i)/2 for i ≥ j.
where the sum of the p i 's (for i = 1,…,b) must not exceed 1, and each p i is bounded between 0 and 1.
The parameters k PVE, and b are predefined constants. Note that for b = 100, as well as for all the values of b we examined, Q is negative definite, so that this is a convex program. Hence, there are efficient solution methods to identify the global maximum. Using the quadprog package [32] in the R software [14], we solved this program for values of k and PVE with b = 100. When b = 1000, all maximal AUCs shown in Figure 2 change by less than 0.01%. In fact, using b = 10 does not change any of these maximal AUCs more than 1% from that calculated with b = 1000. Note also that given an estimated risk distribution vector p, a researcher can directly calculate the AUC from the objective function. To calculate the AUC of the beta distribution for given levels of k and PVE, we discretized the beta distribution with parameters a = k(1/PVE-1) and b = (1-k)(1/PVE-1), which uniquely satisfy the constraints.
We optimized sensitivity for any given value of specificity, average risk, proportion of variance explained, and threshold using a linear programming model. This was implemented in the lpSolve package in R [14] using 1000 bins. We then optimized the sensitivities over the thresholds to obtain the maximal sensitivity for every specificity, average risk, and proportion of variance explained.
To calculate the proportion of T2D variance explained by physical activity we used Equation 1, where the risk distribution was defined by the prevalence and the relative risks of exercise [33]. To calculate the heritability of breast cancer on the binary scale we used twice the difference in correlation between monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, where correlations were computed on binary outcomes from 44,788 pairs of Nordic twins [34].
receiver-operating characteristic
area under ROC curve
type 2 diabetes
genomewide association study
proportion of variance explained.
We dedicate this to Marco Ramoni, who tragically passed away in June 2010.
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Though guidelines suggest screening starts at 50, researcher says it's premature to change them
by Julie50 on Tue Dec 22, 2009 09:07 PM
I'm new to this messge board. Am interested in anyone with rectal cancer that has metastsized. I was diagnosed in Feb 2007. Surgery removed tumor. Then had 6 weeks radiation and chemo. Then more chemo. I was clear from about Sept. 2007 til May 2008 when spot on liver was detected. I had liver resection Dec. 08. Again, clear of cancer. In Aug. of 2009 CEA started climbing, CAT scan revealed spot on liver and lung. Chemo suggested but would only lengthen life span by a couple of months. Otherwise 6 mos. to 12 months life expectancy. After much thought I decided to have the chemo. Ironitecan. However. after 2 doses am thinking about stopping the chemo altogether. I have had very serious diarrhea this time. Any comments would be appreciated.
by davidbeaham on Sun Dec 27, 2009 04:06 PM
Hi Julie, I was diagnosed Stage III CRC in 3/2006 and Stage IV CRC of the Liver 11/2008. I had a liver resection followed by 6 months of chemo. My oncologist suggested CPT- 11 along with leucovorin, Avastin and 5FU for dessert. The side effects were bad but with some dietary adjustments it was tolerable. I found cinnamon gum to help with metal mouth and PREVENTION mouth rinse stopped the mouth sores. Ask your doctor about the drugs he's using and about what I was given.
Good Luck,
by cecgrove on Sun Dec 27, 2009 10:11 PM
Hi Julie,
I am sorry to hear about your diagnosis. My husband was diagnosed the same at the same time. He has gone through all kinds of treatments and but was either responding in a life-threatening way or not responsive at all. There were however a lot of different protocols that might help you, if irinotecan does not work. Xeloda (5FUs) normally is the recommended protocol, combined with the biological ones like Avastin seems to produce some good results for some people. I think I've come across the treatment protocols and paths in American Cancer Society. Don't give up at this point because you have only tried one, and don't let the technical statistics frighten you. The only caution I would say is do not rely completely on traditional treatment, use alternative and diet to strengthen your immune system as well. My husband refuses to listen and participates in support group. He suffers a lot from the side effects and becomes very depressed. I wish you good luck.
by Norfolk_girl on Mon Mar 15, 2010 10:02 PM
Could you have another resection for the new liver and lung tumor? My husband was diagnosed in April of 09 with stage IV. He has had six rounds of Folfox, a portal vein embolization to grow up the 'remnant' liver, disease progression in the liver, four more rounds of Folfox, and a liver surgery to remove the three tumors from the left lobe. He will have surgery to remove the entire right side of his liver in three weeks, assuming things are ok to proceed.
Just seems like if there is a spot on the liver and lung, they could perhaps remove those? Or perhaps ablation?
by livingbyfaith on Wed Mar 17, 2010 03:40 AM
Research Avemar, it is good with or without chemo, also check into other natural things such as Essiac tea, flax oil and cottage cheese. Good book Cancer and the Lords Prayer, also Knockout.
by nolalady on Fri Mar 19, 2010 03:37 AM
Reading your history was like reading my own. I have had almost exactly same problems as you. My doctor put me on ironitecan and Erbitux early this year. I had 4 weeks of diarrhea, severe rash on face as well as loss of all hair on my head, which had never happend thru other treatments. I have just stopped chemo. I have made plans to enjoy my summer. Doctor said okay. I keep asking why would I go thru all of this to add 2 months. I would rather have 12 good months. My original diagnosis was in July, 2007, chemo with 5Fu andradiation, then surgery. Told all of tumor gone, as well as 2 spots on liver. In 10/08 had liver resection as spots returned, then Avastin, which I culd not tolerate as i was going into renal failure. Had good months from March, 2009 to January, 2010. Now Erbitux and Ironitecan for only one treatment as reactions were so bad. Unless something else comes along, I am finished.
by mimi3535 on Fri Mar 19, 2010 03:56 AM
god bless you, you will be in my prayers.
by newperson on Sat Mar 20, 2010 07:43 PM
My husband has the same story. He was dx. in Dec. 2006 with rectal cancer. He had chemo/radiation, surgery, chemo(folfox). But in Sept. 2008 his cancer came back. 6 months chemo(forfolri) cleared them out. But his CEA started climbing up right away from 2.8 to 10 within 5 months and PET scan confirmed that the cancer came back again to several places last Aug. So he started the same chemo(forfolri) last Sept. The first three chemo cycles dropped the CEA to 7.8 and PET scan showed some responses except one place at his neck with a little growth. We were hoping the chemo continue working, but after that, his CEA took turn to climb up every cycle instead. Yesterday we got the result of CEA 15.3 and PET scan showing the place at his neck has more growth. The doctor still thinks the chemo is working and wanted my husband to continue on this chemo. He said it would be worse without the chemo. We kind of don't think the chemo is working for him. At this point, what should we do? Should we stay on this chemo, or change the chemo regiman, or do something else? My husband wants to quit the chemo. but I'm scared of that. I'm thinking of changing chemo regiman but wondering what if this chemo is still working, it's better not to use all of the available chemo so soon. He has used folfox, forfolri. I really like to know how you are doing right now, Julie, Dave, cecgrove's husband, Norfolk girl's husband and nolalady? You all are in my prayers. I pray for God's help and healing.
by newperson on Mon Mar 22, 2010 05:42 PM
How are you doing so far, Julie, Dave, cecgrove's husband, Norfolk girl's husband and nolalady? Could you give some updates please? I appreciate it a lot.
Also, anyone with any successful expericene in dealing with colorectal cancer recurrence, please give some advice. Thanks a lot.
by Unknown_Member on Wed Mar 24, 2010 01:03 PM
I've never posted before so this is new to me. This is what's going on with us right now. I hope it helps someone and me too.
Jimmy "my husband" was diagnosed with Cancer in December of 1999. It all started with a very rare form of skin cancer called extra mammary pagets disease "perianal". This caused a tumor in the rectum. Since then it has spread to the lymph nodes then spread on to lungs."Mestatic Rectal Cancer" He has had three surgeries. All done in Birmingham, Al. at UAB. The first in 2000. This resulted in a permanent colostomy and an apligraft. In 2002 he had the second surgery because they missed getting all of the EMPD. In 2005 it had spread to his lymph nodes in the left groin. This surgery left him with lymphodema in his leg as they had to remove all the lymph nodes and the vein that carries the fluid up the leg. He also has a huge scar on his thigh because they had to do a flap over the surgery site so he could have radiation. Another scar where they harvested skin from his thigh for a skin graft. He also had chemo with a groshon catherer and pump. In October of 2009 a CT scan showed spots on his lungs, a biopsy was done in January and now the cancer is in his lungs. They can't do surgery this time or radiation. They had to implant an infusion pump in his chest in order to give the chemo. He has to be admitted to the hospital every two weeks for two nights to recieve chemo. He will have to do this the rest of his life. His chemo treatments are Avastin, it takes an hour to drip, then he has Oxaliplatin and Leucovorin given together which takes over two hours, then he has 5-FU, this drug is given in two one liter bags that takes sixteen hours each to drip. So far the side effects have been weakness and nausea. The Oxaliplatin makes him very sensitive to cold, all his drinks and food has to be room temperature and it is painful to touch cold items and breath cold air, this usually last for fourty eight hours after recieving the drug. I noticed the side effects seemed to be greater after the second round. He has to have his blood checked before each trip to the hospital, as long as his count is good he can take the treatment. After four rounds he will be given a CT scan to see if the tumors are shrinking. If not they will stop the chemo. We are grateful for the treatment and a hospital stay no longer is a pain, it's a blessing. Please pray for Jimmy. He is so brave and courageous but at times it does get the best of him. I try to always keep in mind that all things are possible through Christ who strengthens me.
He has finished his fourth round and the after the first of the month he will have another scan to see how it's working. They ran the last round a little faster this time. The diarrhea is starting to get worse with each round but still bearable.
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text:
My Newest Listing
Nichols Farm Acct.
Bayard , NE
Listing Agent :
Dale Nerud
10 tower 2012 Zimmatic Pivot
Price :
Great location Newer pivot along with all new pit, electrical and pumps in 2012.
Nebraska Farm and Ranch Real Estate ~ 615 W Beltline S ~ Scottsbluff, Nebraska 69361 ~ (308) 633-4663
Information & measurements contained on this website has not been independently verified nor warranted by the listing company. Any party interested in purchasing this property is advised to conduct their own investigation of the property through personal & professional inspections. The data is for general information purposes only & may contain estimates and/or inaccuracies. Information has been obtained from public records.
Nebraska Farm and Ranch specializes in farm and ranch land in and around Western Nebraska.
Dale has been actively involved in real estate and ag business for many years. He'd be happy to set up a time to show you around the properties you are interested in.
l i s t e n n o w
Morning Report
Afternoon Report


text: Welcome to the Hampton Inn and Suites Santa Ana/Orange County Airport California hotel. This deluxe ALL SUITE hotel offers a free hot breakfast buffet daily free parking free WIFI and free airport shuttle to John Wayne Airport and free shuttle within 5mi of hotel. Too busy for hot breakfast. Try our On The Run Breakfast bags and fresh baked cookies in the afternoon. The hotel is conveniently located in the heart of the business district as well as the entertainment district with easy access to freeways and just a few minutes from Disneyland Newport Beach Southcoast Plaza and The District at Tustin and UCI. Whether you are traveling on business or leisure a stay at this southern California hotel will make your trip more enjoyable and pleasurable. This Hampton Inn and Suites hotel features 122 beautifully appointed suites equipped with an iron and full ironing board microwave and refrigerator coffee maker hairdryer two televisions with remote control in-room movies and complimentary high speed wireless internet and many more great amenities such as heated out door pool and hot tub and fitness center. The Hampton Inn and Suites Santa Ana/Orange County Airport hotel features the acclaimed comfort of the Cloud Nine bedding providing you with a great night*s sleep. The hotel also offers complimentary newspaper delivery to the rooms from Monday to Friday The Hampton Inn and Suites is the ideal southern California business hub surrounded by local companies such as Textron T Mobile Powerwave Ingram Micro Corinthian College University of California Irvine /UCI/ Mitsubishi Alcoa and many more. The hotel is the ideal vacation destination located near local attractions such as Disneyland Newport Beach South Coast Plaza with its eclectic shops Knott*s Berry Farm Santa Ana Zoo Anaheim Angels Stadium Fashion Island and many more. When visiting Orange County/Santa Ana and its surrounding areas be sure our Hampton Inn and Suites Santa Ana/ Orange County Airport hotel is your


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Angelina Valentine
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Gus Ruelas/UCLANation, World + Society
David Simon's two Americas
The creator of 'The Wire' delivered a wide-ranging Luskin Lecture, moving from the war on drugs to activism to democracy.
UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research CenterHealth + Behavior
Stem cell promise for Duchenne
New gene therapy platform could lead to help for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Ernie Tyler/FlickrEnvironment + Climate
Battle ahead for California's native plants
In this Q&A, researchers discuss their study of how climate change affects plant species' shifting in California.
pixdeluxe/iStockHealth + Behavior
Researchers pinpoint origin of the sigh reflex
Two tiny clusters of neurons in the brain stem are responsible for transforming normal breaths into sighs.
iStockHealth + Behavior
Body mass index ≠ health, study finds
Close to half of Americans who are considered overweight by their BMIs — 34.4 million people — are actually healthy.
- Nation, World + Society College students' commitment to activism, political and civic engagement reach all-time highs
- Health + Behavior Doctors' reminders help keep people more engaged in their health care
- Health + Behavior 'Parent coach' helps improve the well-child checkup experience
- Science + Technology UCLA researchers release open source code for powerful image detection algorithm
- Science + Technology UCLA researchers create exceptionally strong and lightweight new metal
- University News School of Dentistry alumnus honored as miracle worker at sea
- Health + Behavior Memory loss associated with Alzheimer's reversed for first time
- University News Kiplinger reports UCLA is No. 6 'best value' public college in 2016 ranking


text:
Someone Stop Albert Pujols Before He Kills Again
Quoth Mitch Hedberg: "I played golf, I'm not good at golf, I never got good at it. I never got a hole in one, but I did hit a guy in one. And that's way more satisfying." Albert Pujols is good at baseball, but while he didn't hit a home run against the San Diego Padres, he did hit Chris Young. And that might be satisfying if he didn't result in him bleeding profusely between the eyes.
(If only the Base Wars video games series caught on, Albert Pujols could be on the cover. Perhaps with a more realistic-looking scimitar, even.)
Later in the inning Pujols rounded the bases and eventually slid through the plant foot of catcher Josh Bard. He, too, was injured and had to be helped off the field. Read more…
Tags: Albert Pujols, Chris Young, Injuries, Josh Bard


text: A mass m=1 kg can slide without friction on a plane, and is attached to a spring of elastic constant k= 1N/m. The x axis is oriented along the direction of stretch. The origin of the reference frame coincides with the equilibrium position of the mass. At time t=0, the mass is at the equilibrium position, and is truck with velocity of 10 cm/s to the left, so the spring is compressed. Determine the position and velocity of the mass after 5 seconds. Specify whether it is moving left or right at t=5 s.


text:
It has been quite a while since the phrase "deep state" entered the political lexicon. What we mean by "deep state" is structures -- and groups -- within the state that, while invisible, are very effective at shaping society and changing the course of certain events.
There are two specific characteristics of these "deep" structures and groups of which we speak: 1- They do not fear acting illegally at all, and in fact they see operating outside the law as their right. 2- They have ties with official institutions and circles. And this is where things get serious; how is it that the state, which by its very definition should be implementing laws (via the constitution) that it then ensures society is following, has become the main source of various illegal structures and actions?
Let me answer this question with another question: What can be expected from a state organization that does not see offering development, basic rights, freedoms and prosperity to its citizens as its main task? What can be expected is that this sort of state organization will work first to ensure its own existence. Secondly, it can be expected that this state will jealously protect all the many aspects of authority it has gathered and maintained for itself within the state and work to prevent any civilian actors from taking over these authorities. In other words, it will work as hard as possible to put up barriers for a society to become strong and more democratic.
The history of our republic is almost like a thesis written to prove the above two suppositions. Here is the real balance sheet: a) The political and legal order that has been created is not shaped by the widely accepted principles of society, but rather by the central authority and the wills of those wielding this authority. b) Society is seen not for all its historical and cultural richness and variety, but rather as a fake political construct; attempts to direct it are based on the latter rather than the former vision of society. c) There has been more of an instinct to herd and dominate society, rather than to try and serve it. d) The mentality of leadership that takes as its basis the concept of sovereignty has developed the habit of both irresponsibility and lack of accountability over the years. e) All public order and security organizations in the country have been based on the vision of an "inner enemy," and thus the state has always been in conflict with one faction of society. f) The fact that the founding ideology of the republic -- as well as the general ideology of leadership -- has been "nationalism" and that nationalism has been reduced to the idea of ethnic purity (born of a Turkish mother, born of a Turkish father, a Turkish son of sons and the Sunni Muslim identity) means that society, which is thus being constantly polarized and divided, is never able to find results in its searches for solidarity and continuity. g) The assertions of "strong state" and "revolution from above" have never allowed for separation of powers, and thus the regime could never achieve the balance it needed, and with the insistence on consolidating the power of the court into the state, neither a true state of justice nor a developed democracy were ever able to come about.
So how are we meant to escape from these dead ends? We find ourselves so divided in our own ranks and devoid of common denominators that we are worried we won't even be able to agree on the foundations and basis for our new constitution This is turn reduces excitement and breaks down our ambitions on this front.
So what needs to change? I am now very certain that if we do not solve the above-mentioned two problems in our hearts and our heads, we will be able to neither protect the national unity that we have constructed nor build a modern democracy based on a shared platform of equality and plurality.
1- Will we be able to rid ourselves of the mentality that worships the state and gathers as subjects people in exchange for the protection and guidance of the state? If we are not able to do this, what will happen is that the uncontrolled powerful state will be the sole actor and will become the stronghold of "officials" who behave irresponsibly and without having to account for themselves. As the state gets dirtied, so does society. For as long as politics is shaped by the state rather than individuals, neither the supremacy of justice nor democracy itself will be able to properly develop in Turkey.
2- Will we be able to redefine citizenship and what it is that a nation of people means by basing these definitions on the shared ownership of what we call "these lands" as well as on the equal membership in the political-legal entity we call the state? The truth is, I really do not know. Because all the research done so far shows that there is deep mistrust and suspicion of the Kurds, the Alevis and non-Muslims as well as conservative-religious congregations and groups in secular circles. It is no coincidence that this country is mentally and spiritually divided. This much hatred and suspicion were actually planted by the working state system in order to ensure its own continuity. And now we are reaping the poisonous harvests of all this. What we need to do is burn this harvest and plant some new seeds. Unfortunately, this will take time. But even just being aware of the mistakes made is in itself a kind of victory.


text:
softwater Sep 30, 2012 3:27 AM
in response to Sandovalmp
Try this link
and click the large blue 'Manage your Apple ID' button on the right.
MK Coolum Beach Oct 6, 2012 9:40 PM
in response to softwater
This wont allow you to remove, edit or change the alternate ID.
Another time wasting effort by Apple to confuse everything. I want 1 ID only, which was set up years ago. I'll tell you if I want an alternative. Don't just create it & not let me manage it.
Clow Reed Oct 9, 2012 1:21 PM
in response to Sandovalmp
Has anyone figured this out yet? I absolutely need to change my alternate Apple ID. I changed my Apple ID because it was my original E-mail address, except hosted in another domain.
I changed my ID because I think someone is after my private info. If people can log in using my Alternate Apple ID (which is the original E-mail also, in another domain), then this completely defeats the purpose of changing my main ID.
I set up all this when I was young and stupid. Please someone tell me there IS a way to change the Alternate Apple ID.
Mr. Luigi Nov 17, 2012 9:25 PM
in response to Clow Reed
Hi Clow Reed,
There are several Apple Forum Discussion on this very topic. All end the same...no one has found a way to change the Alternate Apple ID.
This is simply nasty.
Loxx Dec 18, 2012 6:11 PM
in response to Sandovalmp
My EX WIFE somehow managed to set her email address as MY alternate ID, and I want to delete it!
If someone can PLEASE post on here from APPLE & allow me to change the alternate ID - because this is REDICULOUS!
markwmsn Dec 20, 2012 2:55 PM
in response to Loxx
We're all just users here trying to help each other. If you want an answer from Apple, contact Apple.
sfrav Feb 13, 2013 5:50 PM
in response to markwmsn
Just got off with tech support on this alternate ID thing. It gets created by their system (they never warn you or alert you that you are even getting one) and is created with an @me.com or @icloud.com ending, and starts with what ever email it finds attached to your account other than your primary email that it is using for your primary id. NO you cannot change it, whats more, even tech support cannot change it. You are stuck with it for life under that account unless Apple changes it software. It uses the same password as your primary ID, so can be used as a different logon if for some strange reason using your main ID doesnt seem to be working. Thats the official word from tech support.
Diane Huntress Feb 24, 2013 7:17 AM
in response to sfrav
Thank you so much. Been trying to correct my iclould email address/alternate Apple ID since June 2012 when I purchased the iphone 4s. I'm on the road out of the country and unable to call Apple.
I too am sorry for the fact that Apple has no way of helping customers with this.
Joseph1113 Feb 24, 2013 8:11 AM
in response to Sandovalmp
When you create yoyr icloud email adrress (or your Alternate Apple ID) you have a message telling you that you can't change this adress... I also wanted to change my icloud adress and I contacted Apple Support and they gave me the same answer...
VishwanathJ Feb 27, 2013 6:19 AM
in response to sfrav
Why can't Apple allow us to remove that alternate _me.com address when it can calmly go ahead & shut down the service? I request Apple to put in some effort to relieve us of this alternate pain.
Rod Christiansen Feb 28, 2013 12:20 PM
in response to sfrav
I actually want to link an Alternate Apple ID with my current Apple ID.
Here is the scenario, I have 2 Apple IDs:
- iTunes Media purchases (apps, music, movies..) with Apple ID 'email@example.com'
- Personal iCloud (email, contacts, calendar) with Apple ID 'email@example.com'
I have tried before to merge these two and I know its not possible but maybe by linking them as an Alternative Apple ID, it will solve my issues and I can have one Apple ID for everything.
I have a friend who has been able to do this. Look at his account:
He can sign in with either emails and its one iCloud account!
See the caption? "You can use your Apple ID or your Alternate Apple ID to access everything you do with Apple" Sounds to me like a merging of the accounts?
Any ideas?
Bora56 Apr 5, 2013 9:19 AM
in response to sfrav
Thanks so much for clueing me into the fact that this "generated" alternate ID has the same password as the primary. Phew! I've been struggling with this for days to get that pop-up to stop!! Thanks for sharing your experience!!
tigersfan317 Oct 12, 2013 8:53 PM
in response to Clow Reed
according to other answers on the forums, there STILL isn't a way to change your alternate apple id. It's ridiculous that they have yet to address this issue since it's obviously a concern to so many people!
Jslusar41 Nov 3, 2013 8:30 AM
in response to Sandovalmp
This makes no sense to me. How is it I can change my Primary ID (or edit), but no options for a Secondary ID. Please Apple, please explain this to me why this is such a dilemma??


text:
MacPorts Portfiles
The MacPorts Project currently distributes 20486 ports, organized across 85 different categories and available below for viewing. This form allows you to search the MacPorts software index, last updated on 2016-02-09 at 22:00:32 America/Los_Angeles.
Or view the complete ports list (20486 ports).
Query Results
1 Portfile Selected
- php54-midgard2 12.09.1
- A content management system
Licenses: GPL-2
Maintained by: jwa
Categories: php
Platforms: darwin
Dependencies: autoconf midgard2-core php54 pkgconfig
Variants: debug


text:
Your vendor page has unsaved changes. To ensure your changes aren't lost, you must Save your updates.
Odd Fellows Cemetery
Address: 2001 Bethel Avenue Knoxville, TN 37915
Established in the early 1800s, Odd Fellows Cemetery serves as the resting place for some of Knoxville's most prominent early African Americans, including Cal Johnson, Knoxville's first African American millionaire.
Tennessee Vacation eGuide
The 2016 eGuide gives you instant access to Tennessee's irresistible attractions and destinations. Peruse venues online, then put in your order to get a free guide delivered to your doorstep.
View on map
City: Knoxville, TN
City: Knoxville, TN
Region: East Tennessee
Subregion: Knoxville & Middle East


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Re: Final Fantasy XIV Online vs Playstatio
n Home
al2009man wrote:
LightningEmotion wrote:
Just found another PS3 user, in-world ..who was also ,ironically.. a Home-user as well. We had a light chat in Western Thanalan about how PS Home "died" in 2011.
Very interesting world , indeed.
*still sees PSHome Icon on XMB*
Why are you posting in this thread, al?
Re: Final Fantasy XIV Online vs Playstatio
[ Edited ]
n Home
Shadow-Runner wrote:
LOL true.
When they pulled Life With Playstation...at least they removed the LWP Icon on the XMB, indicating that it was indeed...indisputably dead.
Home isnt dead....in ANY way. People who say this, are just brain dead. LOL
When I said died in regards to how PS Home "died" in 2011; I used quotation marks to indicate that it was a figure of speech and not literal. IMO, PS Home died when it shifted its focus away from PS3 Games and Gaming culture/community and redirected its focus on Pay-To-Win games and strange "virtual life" aspects (Getting married, virtual bars/nightclubs, modeling etc.).
I thought everybody here would be keen enough to pick up on that subtle inflection. But alas,.. I stand corrected.
Re: Final Fantasy XIV Online vs Playstatio
n Home
So far, I've been enjoying what the beta has to offer.
I didn't get into FFXI, so this is a pretty interesting territory for me. Though, I'm no strangers to mmos. I'm fond of others, such as the Guild Wars series.
I've yet to experience any lag, but there was a bug where my chat started randomly typing Japanese, and I couldn't change it.
Though, it seems to be fixed now.
I'm currently level 7, and I believe this is just a weekend beta.
So with grinding, I might be able to reach level 15 or 20 by the end of Sunday.
I also find it strange they don't allow teleporting to friends, if you have them added.
Re: Final Fantasy XIV Online vs Playstatio
n Home
JulianMatisse wrote:
Just the weekend!? Are you sure??
I heard it from PinkJulia, but I can't be a 100% sure.
Though, this is a beta, and they tend to do them in phases.
So I'd say if we're in, that means we're the first phase for the PS3.
But I'm not worried about a specific timeframe, I'm just enjoying the game.
Re: Final Fantasy XIV Online vs Playstatio
n Home
Re: Final Fantasy XIV Online vs Playstatio
[ Edited ]
n Home
According to this...phase 3 is supposed to run 1-3 weeks. (Subject to change tho) Unless I misunderstand? I've never known ANY Beta to only run for 3 days. Wish someone could give us an exact end date for phase 3 tho. Before I get too addicted to it. LOL


text:
Good quality, reasonable prices advantages of vintage pieces
Beth Wood
Special to the U-T
Cordelia Mendoza operated Cottages Antiques in Point Loma for more than 20 years until recently transforming it from a shop into an online business. With her husband, Bob, she also runs Estate Sales by Cordelia and has a blog, antiquecottage.blogspot.com, so she's well-suited to provide tips on buying vintage and antique pieces for the home.
Q: What are the advantages of shopping for vintage and antique pieces?
A: You can get quality items for less. You can get a lot for your money. It's usually a wise investment. And I love the thrill of the hunt.
Q: Word's out antiques are popular again.
A: The high-end always sells, but when big box stores like Ikea and Pottery Barn came in, it kind of hurt the antique business. Now things are going better. TV shows like "Antiques Roadshow" have helped people become more knowledgeable. Everything is changing. You don't see as many antique malls or antique shows, but outdoor markets seem to be popular. They are great places to get good items at fairly reasonable prices. And it's a fun way to shop.
Q: What are the environmental advantages to buying antique furniture?
A: It may sound ridiculous, but it does save forests. You're not putting a furniture piece into a landfill, but dusting it up and taking it home. You're saving on production, transportation –all the things that go into retail. It helps save the earth.
Q: What are some examples of repurposing items?
A: You can fix up antique windows for wall art. It's a great repurpose and lends warmth to a home. Old toolboxes make fabulous jewelry boxes. A utilitarian shelf in your grandfather's garage can make a beautiful baker's rack.
Q: How can you be sure what you're buying is a good piece?
A: Say you're buying a dresser; make sure it's constructed well. If it's a vintage piece, make sure it isn't fiberboard. Look for dove-tailing construction on the drawers, rather than nail construction. You don't want to see nails. Regular screws should be flat. A Phillips screw is a giveaway that it's not an old piece. For cast iron pieces – a garden table or bench -- if it's not really heavy, it's not old.
Q: Why do people say antique furniture is better for kids?
A: Maybe it's because older furniture can take more of a beating. If it is high quality, it's more durable. Unless it's a very high-end brand, furniture was better made in the past. Throw a fresh coat of paint on it, and it'll last the duration. Then they could take it to college and put it in their dorm.
Q: Do you have recent stories about the perfect find?
A: I have a friend who wanted flatware – silver plate. Instead of going to Home Depot to buy a set, she accumulated different patterns of silverware, all vintage. It was inexpensive, looks pretty and is a topic of conversation. These old pieces are no longer orphans and are being reused. My friend isn't a big collector; she just wanted something unique. It was fun to do it with her.
Another friend found a mirror by a well-known designer at Karen's Consignment Gallery. It was to accent a demilune (half-moon-shaped) entry table. She wanted an Italian tray to go above the mirror, which I was able to find for her.
I was looking for a harvest table for our dining room for quite a while. I wanted a deal. I found one in Los Angeles with French Windsor chairs. I ended up buying both. My husband had to make a second trip to bring back the chairs.
Q: How should you start looking for a particular piece?
A: You can look on Craigslist for something specific. There are many ways to hunt for antiques: garage sales, Craigslist and other online swap meets, flea markets, thrift shops, antiques stores. Estate sales are great because they have a short amount of time to empty a house, so you can get things at a fraction of the price.
Call around or go to one of the antique malls. That's retail, but most people are willing to work with you on price at their stores. There really are deals everywhere. Sometimes you're not looking and the perfect item pops up.
Q: Is Craigslist the best online place to look?
A: It's good to look there, but it's like a flea market online. I Google something specific and look at all the hits. Antique sites describe items more accurately. Rubylane.com is a great source. Or look at estatesales.net. If you find something on eBay, check the positive feedback. Research what you're buying.
Q: Anything to add?
A: I think if you research a little and hunt around, you get better deals. I think bargain shoppers are savvy anyway. People have become very resourceful. They maybe can't afford top dollar but want quality. So they go out and search for what they want.
Where to shop
Here are a few of the brick-and-mortar places that Cordelia Mendoza recommends. Online, you can find her at etsy.com/shop/cottageantiques, estatesalesbycordelia.com and antiquecottage.blogspot.com.
• The Del Mar Antique Show, which is three times a year, is a great source, especially for early sterling flatware. The next show is Nov. 21-23.
• Good deals can be found at antique districts in La Mesa and Ocean Beach, as well as on India Street and on South Cedros in Solana Beach.
• Rainbow/Fallbrook's Vintage Marketplace and Matilda's Mouse in Valley Center are great sales. The next Vintage Marketplace is scheduled Sept. 5-7.
• The Long Beach Antique Market, held the third Sunday of the month at the Long Beach Veteran's Stadium, is a great place to find stuff for pretty good prices.
Beth Wood is a San Diego freelance writer.


text:
It was a really nice hotel, it was cheap, the staff of the hotel is very polite, the rooms are pretty clean and also the breakfast was really good. Such a good place to stay in. I came form NYC and I was kinda worried of not finding a good place to stay in but I was lucky I guess.... More
We are searching for
the best rooms at the best prices,
so you don't have to.


text:
FarmVille Valentine's Day Theme Showcase 2 Video
Posted on January 27, 2011 2:03 pm by FarmVille Freak FarmGoddess
FarmVille released a new Valentine's Day theme Showcase video number 2 today! You can check out the showcase video for a sneak peek at some upcoming Limited Edition FarmVille items. Not only are they featuring Limited Edition Valentine's Day items, but we also get to see a possible Lunar (Chinese) New Year Limited Edition Dragon for the first time.
What showcased item has you excited?


text:
BEN vs Percy by LordGreyjoyWatch
©2013-2016 LordGreyjoy
se me antoja para que percy le diga tipo:
"you came to the wrong neighborhood Motherfucker"
seria epico JAJAJAJA XD
"you came to the wrong neighborhood Motherfucker"
seria epico JAJAJAJA XD
Honestly TR, I just looked back at this and the first thing to come to mind was an epic rap battle. XD
lol xD i get ya'
I'd love to see that tho. Like, what kind of insults could they come up with that rhyme enough to go into a rap. XD
GB is going to win hands down Percy just can't compete let alone win a fight against GB.
I bet my whole life, that Percy will win!
I bet ALL my monehz on BEN :3 BENNEH
thank you sweetie♥
GB: you'll get free bitches for it.
GB: you'll get free bitches for it.
hawt. * thumbs up*
I wanna bet my kidneys on percy
GB: tu que?
Mew: HELLO EVERYONE!!! Oh is now not the time?
1971 vs. 2010. Who shall win?
good question my friend.
I love it! X3
Star: STOP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Star: Because you'll tear each other apart, Percy I know you told me to hide and your a very a trustworthy friend... but... you know I told you I work for Lord Zalgo and GB, I have to face the punishment... I'm sorry Percy *turns around to GB* your right GB we did talk about loyalty *tears welling up in eyes, but manages to hold them back* I'll face whatever punishment you give me for breaking that loylty
GB: you'll learn about true loyalty. and i'll leave the Lord decide to forgive you or not.
Star: because Lord Zalgo has an important assignment for you GB
I hope you dont mind, but im drawing an alternitive outfit for my ben, and his name in that form is GB or General Ben. I hope you dont mid if i base his looks of your GB.
Well i think they would look almost the same :S maybe i can help you make another outfit or something uwu
I vote for BEN or Percy I dunno who will win? 0___0
BEN: "You shouldn't have done thaaat~"
Percy: "You've been sayin' that for th' last ten bloody minutes. Shut it."
BEN: "tee hee"
Percy: "..."
Percy: "You've been sayin' that for th' last ten bloody minutes. Shut it."
BEN: "tee hee"
Percy: "..."


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Originally posted on Down with Goldy | Last updated 5/2/13
- Can anyone explain this Derrick Rose thing? So with the Bulls up 3-2 they have a chance to close out New Jersey in Chicago, knowing a loss sends this back to a game 7 in Jersey so this is basically a do or die game. Both Kirk Hinrich, who started at PG in place of Rose all year, and Luol Deng, probably the team's best perimeter defender, are out and in case you forget New Jersey has Derrick Williams. In Game 5 in a similar situation (no Hinrich) Williams abused Nate Robinson for 23 and 10 assists, and as I write this mid-way through the second quarter he already has seven assists. All this could potentially be handled by Rose, you know the former MVP and all, coming back and playing which, by the way, his doctor's have cleared him to do. It's just weird. - I'm all over Revolutionary for the Derby on Saturday (10/1 right now I believe). He's got good results, he's ridden by Calvin Borel (the pimp daddy of all jockeys) and he drew a position near the rail but not on it (#3) which is where Borel loves to be. There's also a good possibility of rain and Revolutionary rates as the 2nd best wet track horse in the field (behind Oxbow) and Borel likes sloppy tracks as well. Everything sets up well for Revolutionary, which actually kind of scares me a bit, but I put a good amount on him to win and boxed him up with Normandy Invasion and Orb in a trifecta. I also let the wife pick a horse (Goldensoul because she's a hippy at heart) and let the daughter pick one as well (Charming Kitten because she's five) while throwing a bit on Will Take Charge as my longshot and still hold a WIN ticket on itsmyluckyday that I put down on a couple of months ago. I hit the winner 3 years ago (Super Saver) and wife hit it last year (I'll Have Another) so I think we're due for another win. - I made the decision not to get HBO this year in order to save money and I knew Game of Thrones was going to be the biggest test. They tried to suck me in with the free preview that let me watch episode 1 but I held strong. Then I spent the night at Snacks' place and he's got HBO and has all the episodes and we watched two over there and I thought I was screwed, but luckily I remember that all HBO subscribers get access to HBOGO so I can used Snacks' ID and stuff and watched the last couple to get all caught up and my god this show is just so amazingly good. I am a huge fan of the books and I never, ever imagined they could have done it this well. All the cool **** from the books was done right and all the stuff they changed, added, or eliminated has been done exceptionally well to the point where I honestly don't have any complaints. There's tons of hot chicks and boobs and butts and stuff which is of course welcome, but honestly the story and the drama completely sucks me in even though I know what's going to happen already. Daenarys with the unsullied, Jamie's hand, the fight at Craster's, even something with no action like Sansa discussing Joffrey with Margaery (hot as fire) and Lady Tyrell are all good enough to be the biggest moment of the season in pretty much any other show, and we ain't seen nothing yet. If I had to pick the best 3 non-comedic tv shows in history I'd go with Lost (the first 3 seasons or so), Walking Dead, and Game of Thrones, and GoT is so far beyond those other two it'd be like if Jim Thome raced a horse. A good horse. Also no, I have never seen The Wire or Breaking Bad (although I plan to eventually) so shut it. - So Kahn out, Flip in, eh? Tough to fault it, and I'm sure Glen Taylor pours himself a drink every time he watches Steph Curry score 16 points in a quarter and then thinks about Jonny Flynn is probably on the And 1 Tour at this point. Really, outside of Darko over Melo and Wade and Oden over Durant that might end up the worst draft pick of this generation. Unfortunately, because otherwise Dawger will rake me over the coals in the comments, I have to admit that I thought Steph Curry was on the fast train to bustville. I was convinced his big numbers at Davidson were because he played sub-par competition and his team was so dependent on him that he was going to score big no matter what, but I though his absolute upside was a spot up shooter like Steve Novak or Craig Hodges. My oh my was I ever wrong. The guy is a completely dynamic scorer and one of the best shooters I've ever seen. If he ever figures out how to drive to the rim he's going to be unstoppable, and he kind of is already. It takes a strong man with a great character to admit when he's wrong, and that man is me. - So Byron Buxton hit another home run tonight. That's his fifth for Cedar Rapids and coming into the night he was hitting .383/.510/.667 with 5 doubles, 3 triples, 4 HRs, and 10 steals in 14 attempts. Simply put - he's killing low A ball in just his second year and he's just 19 years old. I know you don't want to rush a teenager, but it's just silly. He's walking more than he's striking out, hitting for a huge average and showing massive power while stealing bases like crazy. He leads the Midwest league in slugging, OPS, runs, and walks, is #2 in average and OBP, and is top 5 in homers, total bases, steals, RBI, and triples. Between him and Miguel Sano (.368/.435/.747 with 9 homers) the Twins might end up with two top 10 prospects when the mid-year Baseball America prospect ratings come out. Pretty cool ****. - I still can't believe Joe Johnson was ever a max deal player.
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Top Definition
Short for "Don't drink the Kool-Aid".
Bill: I'm going to Promise Keepers this weekend.
John: DDTKA
John: DDTKA
by DDTKA September 22, 2006
dont drink the kool aid. Concept mixtape by trey palmz released in 2014.
"yall just drink the kool aid, i took a sip it was tasteless i spit it back in their faces. i never ddtka"
by woody mcalister September 06, 2014


text:
Sen. Orrin Hatch joins in John Forte's daring jailbreak
"Puss and dog, they get together," sang Bob Marley in headier days. "What's wrong with loving one another?"
It can only be assumed that Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah), who is nationally recognized as an old white guy of some note, has been giving Marley's So Jah Seh some healthy spins on his Victrola. Sen. Hatch has not only endorsed George W. Bush's pardon of rapper and producer John Forte, but has done so on the strength of Forte's musical genius.
Quoth old man Hatch:"He was no risk to society because he was not a drug user. And, frankly, he's a genius."
Utahns (yep, it's a word) are predictably fussing over the endorsement. And the quote is rife with implications. If Forte wasn't using the drugs, what did he have planned for all that yayo he was holding on that fateful day in 2000? All the same, the hub bub surrounding this uncommonly high profile drug arrest has gathered some pretty odd alleigances.
Forte, who was busted in Newark International airport with $1.4 million dollars in liquid cocaine (that's 31 pounds, or, for those in the know, one hell of a weekend), has been serving a 14 year sentence (the mandatory minimum). But thanks to a growing league of extraordinary gentlemen (read: old people), which includes Bush, Hatch, and James Taylor's old squeeze Carly Simon, Forte is going to get sprung out of the clink eight years ahead of schedule.
Hey, we're not looking gift horses in the mouths. It's a good thing that the Grammy award winning producer will soon be out and about. We're just saying that if Bush and Hatch can list three songs on which Forte has a production credit without the aid of wikipedia, we'll eat our sweaty old stocking caps with a splash of mustard.
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I'm Giving Up
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Friday, March 08, 2013
I'm giving up. My motivation is gone. I quit all spark teams cause it seemed like I didn't exist, like I didn't matter to anyone. All I want to do is cry. I have no help no nothing. I know that I have to do this but it's hard to do it alone. I have no one to walk with or anything. No one to help me or motivate me when I need it. I tried to be there for people when they need support. I have no faith in my self & my self confidence is gone. Well going to go now.
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Member Comments About This Blog Post:
Please don't give up! There really are great people here that will help you! You can contact me any time you want! I have been fighting this battle all of my adult life and I know how hard it is! I don't have many close friends and my mom is my only real support outside of Spark People! Please try to hold out a while longer! I am disabled and I have a horrible time with exercise! I know that I just have to do a little each day and that keeps me going!
We will be here to listen and encourage you along the way!
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I found that most of the teams were not very active. I am still a member of some - and ask questions when I can - however, I look for motivation elsewhere. The best place I have found is on people's blogs. I try to find people more like me - or going through what I am going through. Hopefully you will find what you are looking for - but don't give up.
If you can't find bread at King Soopers you don't give up and refuse to eat bread again! You go to another store - and then another. You can't find motivation on the groups - that's fine - look in other places. It is waiting to be found!
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Please do not give up! It is so hard. I know I have tried and failed so many times. I would be glad to help you. I am sending you a spark mail with my phone number. Call me. I will be more then happy to talk to you. We can do this journey together!
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Please don't quit! I see all the responses you received and it shows you that people do care and will reach out a hand. I exercise at home with Walk away the Pounds, I have the videos also they are here on sparkpages. If you use them you can do them when you want and by yourself or with your hubby. Just try to hang in there and look for small goals instead of the long term goal, sometimes that 50 pounds sounds impossible but 5 pounds sounds doable.
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I'm am so sorry to hear your pain. I'm sorry you feel so alone. Is there anything I can do to help you ? like keep in touch through emails ? This is the time when you need this the most.. when the struggle is hard and you get through it .. WOW the other side feels great..
I am willing to help you ... I am adding you as a spark friend.. Let me know .. THE decision is yours.. YOUR WORTH IT !! please don't give up.
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Audrey ,
Please "DO NOT" GIVE UP !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
You are so worth this , we all get flusterated , but we must never give up . I find that talking with one or even two sparkfriends that you can depend on daily really helps . I do it moslty though spark mail . Maybe you could try that rather then teams , I know some teams that i have been on are like you say it is like we do not exist . But I do not let that stop me from pushing forward and setting myself up some mini monthly goals and then set out to meet them . I really hope you will not give up , please don't , we / you are worth it ! and our health depends on it . So lets take one day at a time and eventually we will see the results we are looking for : )
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I'm here. Plantar faciitis team! maybe you've missed my reaching out to you? I know I miss replies on Spark becasue I AM scouting and looking for people to connect with. I could "feel" your need for support! We've all been there, as in NEEDING to feel support, at some point or another! Hang toug, sister! We're here! We're here! We're here!
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Don't give up, keep sparking! YOU are definitely worth it! I don't get a lot out of the teams i have joined, but i do get a lot from the friends i have added, especially when i blog. I was just reading through the motivational quotes on Sparkpeople.com today and found one that is very appropriate: "if you have the courage to begin, you have the courage to succeed!"
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Don't give up, keep sparking! YOU are definitely worth it! I don't get a lot out of the teams i have joined, but i do get a lot from the friends i have added, especially when i blog. I was just reading through the motivational quotes on sparkpeople.com today and found one that is very appropriate: "if uou have the courage to begin, you have the courage to succeed!"
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Don't give up! I do it all alone too but I've never given up and I reached all my goals!! You just need to keep pushing yourself. You can do it!!
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I just went to your sparkpage, it looks like you've lost over 20 pounds based on your progress ticker at the bottom of your page. The progress may feel slow, but it looks like something is working. I often do not have anyone to work out with either, but I have to keep my chin up and know that I'm doing what is best for my body. You mention in your page that you are married, maybe you could get your hubby to walk with you. Even 10 minutes each day will help. Good luck.
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Please don't give up. Are there other spark teams that interest you? Sometimes you need to try a few out to find the ones that fit you.
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I'm really sorry to hear that. Please don't give up. Giving up is never the answer. Spark is a big place, it's easy to get lost here, but you can surely find some support here. Have you tried posting on the message boards too? Some groups are super big and super busy and that's why they don't always respond. Please remember why you are doing this -for yourself and your own good health. One day at a time! We all get frustrated, tired and want to quit - but even when you feel that way, one tiny step, one tiny victory, will start to move you down the road again. ((( HUGS )))
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Other Entries by ODDIEPORTER
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Boats In-Stock / Used
Welcome to the in-stock section of our website. Here you will find boats that are available for immediate purchase. These models range from brand new stock models, factory demonstration boats and the occasional used gem! Each photo below represents the actual boat available in-stock. Please click on the image of the boat for further information, pricing and additional images. If you need assistance or have questions about our available boats please do not hesitate to contact our sales office at (800) 359-7915.
2015 Splendor 220 Odyssey OB - Jungle Teal
This all new 220 Odyssey OB is ready for the water. Complete with an over motor ski tote and a DF225 Suzuki you won't miss another day on the water! Click here to read more...
2015 Splendor 220 Odyssey I/O - Bright Blue
The I/O configuration of our newest model, Tubing and skiing will be no problem for this cat! Powered by MerCruiser's finest, 260 HP 5.0 Liter, this package is complete with the Bravo III outdrive and our flex seating option! Click here to read more...
2015 Splendor 220 Odyssey I/O - Red
All of your friends will be seeing red and we don't just mean in color! Powered by Volvo Penta's powerful V8-270, this cat wastes no time in showing its true colors and comes standard with a 5 year power train warranty. Click here to read more...
2015 Splendor 239 SunStar - Purple
Purple has always been the color for royalty and that's exactly what you will feel like on our flagship model! This boat is powered by a Suzuki DF225 and will easily reach speeds in excess of 40 MPH. Keeping in mind the private built in head, you're set for a day away on the water. Click here to read more...


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Applications may include chronic pain conditions located at or relating to the upper or lower limbs, entrapment syndromes, intercostal neuralgias, and other peripheral injuries or diseases.
Precautions, Warning and Contraindications can be found by clicking here.
StimRouter™, Bioness, the Bioness Logo® and LiveOn® are trademarks of Bioness Inc. | www.bioness.com | Rx only
©2015 Bioness Inc.


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The Second Time Around by retrodiva88Watch
©2007-2016 retrodiva88
Carien @NAME Models
Love that pose
Actually I'more into colour, but then: own Taste has to Step back to give Way for beautiful Things.
Very wonderful. Was this part of an editorial? Because I can easily see this in Harper's or something alike.
love the first shot, but as a pair, i feel as if the second should have the model's face in a bit less shadow. just a thought...
Everything joins up perfectly
Very nice work. Yes the lines in the photos are greatly symmetric, like it. And there is enough contrast for a commercial use if u have meant it that way.. Very nice filters also and angels.
really great. like the angle from the one on the left.
I love her dress. XD
nicely lit.
So pro...
is good colour
your submissions are never a disappointment. they're consistantly awesome. keep up the good work. love it.
left one is pretty powerfull
What a beauty..Real nice image..Cheers
Marvelous !
There is never any real critique for your work. Just pure inspiration
Amazing dress!!!
Great model, very nice shot!
Great model, very nice shot!
ooh lovley portraits. I love her poses


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Friday, February 12, 2016
New Animated Series and Specials Coming to Adult Swim
Adult Swim has announced its programming plans for 2015-16, which includes 30 new original series, specials and pilots joining its slate of returning hits. "Adult Swim has always ... Continue Reading →
Adult Swim Announces Comic-Con Invasion Plans
Adult Swim has unveiled its packed schedule for this year's Comic-Con event in San Diego. Show panels run from Thursday to Saturday, featuring creators, producers and actors from ... Continue Reading →


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Data Protection Technologies
Survey of CIOs also suggests that budgets for security-related products and services will continue to increase, or at least remain flat.
Cisco Delivers New Data Center Security SolutionsCisco rolls out new data center security products and enhancements, also supporting virtual environments and cloud computing.
Tripwire Product Enhancements Target Security, Business NeedsTightly integrated product portfolio helps to gather multiple levels of information intended to help drive good business decisions.
Microsoft Patch Tuesday: Light September, Prep For October's Certificate Policy ChangeSeptember features only two bulletins, both of which are listed as important, but not critical. Nonetheless, immediate patching is advised.
Trustwave Introduces New Global Channel Partner ProgramNew program combines 'the best of both worlds' between the legacy program and the program of M86 Security, which was acquired last March.
Sophos Introduces Hosted Version Of Its MDM PlatformSophos adds a hosted service component to its MDM suite, specifically aimed at smaller, resource constrained customers with limited IT support.
HP Rolls Out New Security Offerings, EnhancementsHP's new security management system supports monitoring and compliance, and the company's got a new IPS systems on the horizon.
CRN Looks Back At 9/11: There Are No WordsEleven years later, CRN recalls the agonizing personal and financial toll the 9/11 terrorist attacks took on the solution provider industry and the country as a whole.
8 Surprising Disaster Recovery StatsSurveys showing the importance of new technology to SMB disaster recovery planning, the poor state of U.S. companies' disaster recovery and business continuity planning, and remote office disaster recovery needs mean nothing but opportunities for solution providers.
FireEye Study: Evasive Malware Rises Nearly 400 PercentA study conducted by FireEye, a Milpitas, Calif.-based security company, says malware that can evade signature-based detection is up nearly 400 percent in the past year and is far more verticalized.
The 30 Hottest Tech Releases In AugustCRN looks back at the hottest products and potential sales opportunities arising for solution providers in August.
VMworld: SafeNet Enters Virtual Security MarketNew product offers full encryption capabilities to protect data and virtual machine instances. The company also claims high-security in encryption key control, as well as reporting features to support compliance.
VMworld: Trend Micro Upgrades Server Security Platform; Launches Cloud Compatibility ProgramAt VMworld, Trend Micro adds new support for VMware products and launches new initiative to validate interoperability with key cloud service providers.
VMworld: Kaspersky Lab Previews New Security Solution For VMware Ready ProgramSaying that more than half of virtualized networks are under-protected, Kaspersky Lab intends to roll out an agentless solution that will deliver intrusion detection and prevention while being managed from a single pane of glass.
Lessons Learned: VARs Ready Should Isaac Head Their WayThe hype around an approaching hurricane gives VARs something to talk about, but at this point, most companies likely have strong business continuity strategies in place.
Unisys Rolls Out Updated Private Cloud SolutionUnisys' announcement at VMworld is intended to increase efficiency of multitenant environments by compartmentalizing user communities in the cloud while at the same time enhancing security capabilities.
Amazon Glacier: Low-Cost Cloud Archiving, But Not If Data Needs Occasional AccessThe new Amazon Glacier cloud archiving service from Amazon Web Services (AWS) promises low-cost archiving to the Amazon storage cloud, but the price goes up quickly if that data is accessed for things like e-discovery or searches.
XChange 2012: ForeScout Adds Mobile Security To Its NAC-as-a-Service PlatformProduct enhancement viewed as a solid security enhancement to the company's CounterACT platform, in support of the BYOD phenomenon.
XChange 2012: Symantec Puts Team Communication FirstSymantec's channel chief meets with CRN editors and describes a plan to drive collaboration among field teams, technical teams and channel partners.
Symantec Asks XChange Audience: How Long Can You Afford To Be Offline?Company evangelist tells gathering that if they don't know the answer to this question, they're already vulnerable.


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Verification Process
Each year a portion of students' financial aid applications nationwide are chosen for random "verification": a process of confirming certain information supplied by you and/or your parents on the FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid). Some students are selected for verification by the US Department of Education, while the institution could select other students. Students must submit the required documentation and be verified before receiving a financial aid award.
NEW: Starting with the 2015-2016 academic year, the Financial Aid Office is moving the verification process to an online site designed to guide students and families in completing the requirements electronically.
IMPORTANT: As a first-time user of this site, students will need to click create account and establish an account using their preferred email (required for email notifications regarding documents) and cell phone number (optional for text alerts regarding documents).
Common Documents that must be submitted for Verification
The verification process can be different for each student. Common documents that must be supplied for verification include:
- A copy of student's Federal 1040 tax transcripts, if filed, for the preceding year
- A copy of parent's Federal 1040 tax transcripts, if filed, for the preceding year (Not required for independent students)
- Verification Worksheet- Avaliable online
- Verification of SNAP(Food Stamps) benefits recieved (If applicable)
- Verification of Child support paid (If applicable)
What Can I Do to Improve My Chances of Not Being Selected for Verification?
- Complete the IRS Data Retrieval
- List the correct Social Security Number and Driver's License Number
- Enter the correct federal income tax paid for preceding year
- List your correct adjusted gross income, this is not equal to your total income
- List your and your parents marital status correctly
- Make sure you list Central State as a college you would like to have your FAFSA sent
- Do not leave tax fields blank
- Make sure you and your parent (if dependent) sign the FAFSA using your pin number
2015-2016 Forms can only be completed online.
Please login to MYCSU to access the verification site.
Special Circumstances Form 2015-2016
2014-2015 Dependent Student V1 Verification
2014-2015 Independent Student V1 Verification Worksheet
2014-2015 Dependent Student V3 Child Support Verification
2014-2015 Independent Student V3 Child Support Verification
2014-2015 Dependent Student V4 Custom Verification
2014-2015 Independent Student V4 Custom Verification
2014-2015 Dependent Student V5 Aggregate Verification
2014-2015 Independent Student V5 Aggregate Verification
2014-2015 Dependent Student V6 Household Resources Verification
2014-2015 Independent Student V6 Household Resource Verification
2014-2015 Ward of the court, Foster Care, Legal Guardianship, Orphan Verification
2014-2015 Low Income Form
Central State University Next Steps 1415


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Hey, I'm Amy!
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We are a young family with heart and home to spare. We love to host travelers when we can't travel ourselves. I work in the academic publishing industry and my husband is a university professor. We have 3 young daughters, and we try to get away without the kids when we can : )
My husband and I both studied abroad (me in Chile and Spain; my husband in Spain) and we love to visit new places. I look for exceptional coffee, and my husband looks for exceptional craft beer.
As guests, we're quiet and responsible, likely to be found reading the newspaper or exploring neighborhoods on foot. Our children are happy, curious, and creative. We look forward to meeting you!