text:
Kunta Kinte
|Kunta Kinte
LeVar Burton as Kunta Kinte in the TV miniseries Roots
Juffure, The Gambia, West Africa
|c.1822 (aged c.71–72)
Spotsylvania County, Virginia
|Bell (wife)
Kizzy (daughter)
George (grandson)
Tom (great-grandson)
Alex Haley (descendant)
Kunta Kinte (also known as Toby Waller) (c.1750-c.1822) is a character in the novel Roots: The Saga of an American Family by American author Alex Haley. Haley claimed that Kunta Kinte was based on one of his ancestors: a Gambian man who was born in 1750, enslaved and taken to America and who died in 1822. Haley said that his account of Kunta Kinte's life in Roots was a mixture of fact and fiction. However, doubts on the claimed factual aspects arose when it was discovered that Haley had plagiarized Kunta Kinte's story from another author's work.
Kunta Kinte's life story also figured in Roots,[1] a TV miniseries based on the book. The character in the miniseries was portrayed as a teenager by LeVar Burton and as an adult by John Amos.
Historical accuracy[edit]
Haley claimed that his sources for the origins of Kinte were oral family tradition and a man he found in The Gambia named Kebba Kanga Fofana, who claimed knowledge of the Kintes. He described them as a family in which the men were blacksmiths, descended from a marabout named Kairaba Kunta Kinte, originally from Mauritania. Haley quoted Fofana as telling him: "About the time the king's soldiers came, the eldest of these four sons, Kunta, went away from this village to chop wood and was never seen again."[2]
However, Haley described his book as faction: a mixture of fact and fiction.[3] After Haley's book became nationally famous, American author Harold Courlander noted that the section describing Kinte's life was apparently taken from Courlander's book The African. Haley at first dismissed the charge, but later issued a public statement affirming that Courlander's book had been the source, and Haley attributed the error to a mistake of one of his assistant researchers.[4] Courlander sued Haley for breach of copyright, which Haley settled out of court. In a later interview with BBC Television, the trial judge stated, "Alex Haley perpetrated a hoax on the public."[5] During the trial, Alex Haley had maintained that he had not read The African before writing Roots. Shortly after the trial, however, a minority studies teacher at Skidmore College, Joseph Bruchac, came forward and swore in an affidavit that he had discussed The African with Haley in 1970 or 1971 and had given his own personal copy of The African to Haley, events that took place well before publication of Roots.[6]
Life as told in Roots[edit]
According to Roots, Kinte was born circa 1750 in the Mandinka village of Juffure, The Gambia.
One day in 1767, while Kunta was searching for wood to make a drum for his younger brother, four men chased him, surrounded him, and took him captive. Kunta awoke to find himself blindfolded, gagged, bound, and a prisoner. He and others were put on the slave ship the Lord Ligonier for a four-month Middle Passage voyage to North America.
Kunta survived the trip to Maryland and was sold to a Virginia plantation owner in Spotsylvania County, Master Waller, who renamed him Toby. He rejected the name imposed by his owners and refused to speak to others. After being recaptured during the last of his four escape attempts, the slave catchers gave him a choice: he would be castrated or have his right foot cut off. He chose to have his foot cut off, and the men cut off the front half of his right foot. As the years passed, Kunta resigned himself to his fate and became more open and sociable with his fellow slaves, while never forgetting who he was or where he came from.
Kunta married a fellow slave named Bell Waller and they had a daughter who they named Kizzy (Keisa, in Mandinka), which in Kunta's native tongue means "to stay put" (he named her this to protect her from being sold away). When Kizzy was in her late teens, she was sold away to North Carolina when her master discovered that she had written a fake traveling pass for a young slave boy with whom she was in love (she had been taught to read and write secretly by Missy Anne, the niece of the plantation owner). Her new owner immediately raped her and fathered her only child, George, who spends his life with the tag "Chicken George", because of his assigned duties of tending to his master's cockfighting birds.
In the novel, Kizzy never learns her parents' fate. She spends the remainder of her life as a field hand on the Lea plantation in North Carolina. In the miniseries, she is taken back to visit the Reynolds plantation later in life. She discovers that her mother was sold off to another plantation and that her father died of a broken heart two years later, in 1822. She finds his grave, where she crosses out his slave name Toby from the tombstone and writes his original name Kunta Kinte instead.
The rest of the book tells of the generations between Kizzy and Alex Haley, describing their suffering, losses and eventual triumphs in America. Alex Haley claimed to be a seventh-generation descendant of Kunta Kinte.[7]
There is an annual Kunta Kinte Heritage Festival held in Maryland.[8] Kunta Kinte also inspired a reggae rhythm of the same name, performed by artists including The Revolutionaries,[9] and Mad Professor, and an album, Kunta Kinte Roots by Ranking Dread.[10]
In the Fresh Prince of Bel Air, Will Smith's character says, in regard to being punished, "Why don't you just do me like Kunta Kinte and chop off my foot?"[11]
On the January 19, 2002 broadcast of Saturday Night Live's Weekend Update sketch, host Jimmy Fallon, while reporting on ABC's refusal to show the Roots 25th anniversary special, gave a quick recap on the Roots story, stating: "For those of you who don't remember Roots, it follows a saga of Kunta Kinte from young African tribesman, to slavery, to becoming literate, and eventually being the top of his class at The Academy",[12] in reference to LeVar Burton's acting roles as Kunta Kinte, the host of Reading Rainbow, and Geordi La Forge.
Rapper and songwriter Kendrick Lamar references Kunta Kinte in his 2015 single release, "King Kunta".[13]
Kunta is mentioned in the Ludacris song "Coming 2 America" from his 2001 album Word Of Mouf.[14]
Ice Cube mentions Kunta Kinte, as well as Kunta's slave name, Toby, in his controversial diss track No Vaseline.[15] Ice Cube also makes a Kunta Kinte reference in his self-scripted movie Friday. Kinte is also mentioned by the young version of Ice Cube's character, Doughboy in the 1991 film Boyz N The Hood. Kunta is also mentioned in the movie Do The Right Thing in 1989.
Kunta is also briefly referenced in Missy Elliott's hit entitled "Work It".[16]
Reference in song 'Never Let You Down' by Kanye West
See also[edit]
- ^ Bird, J.B. "ROOTS". Retrieved 2007-11-21.
- ^ Alex Haley, "Black history, oral history, and genealogy", pp. 9–19, at p. 18.
- ^ Wynn, Linda T. "ALEX HALEY (1921–1992)". Archived from the original on 2004-08-03. Retrieved 2013-10-07.
- ^ "Saying sorry for slavery", The Times Literary Supplement, 28 March 2007.
- ^ "The Roots of Alex Haley". BBC Television Documentary. 1997.".
- ^ Stanford, Phil (April 8, 1979). ""Roots and Grafts on the Haley Story".". The Washington Star: p. F.4.
- ^ "The Kunta Kinte – Alex Haley Foundation". Retrieved 2007-11-11.
- ^ "Kunta Kinte Heritage Festival". Retrieved 2007-12-12.
- ^ "The Revolutionaries – Kunta Kinte". Pressure Sounds. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
- ^ "Kunta Kinte Roots". Roots Archives. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
- ^ "Will Gets a Job". Fresh Prince of Bel Air. Season 2. September 23, 1991. NBC.
- ^ "Jack Black/The Strokes". Saturday Night Live. Season 28. January 19, 2002. NBC.
- ^ "Kendrick Lamar – King Kunta". Genius.
- ^ "Work that track, whip 'em like Kunta". Genius.
- ^ "Ice Cube – No Vaseline". Genius.
- ^ "Missy Elliott – Work It". Genius.


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While they were hunting, he was walking rapidly through the cross-paths of the spider-web.
But what beats me is this: why did the fly walk into the spider-web?
Its network is either like that of the inner, or it is very delicate and irregular, spider-web like.
It takes pretty sharp eyes to make out a single strand of a spider-web, even a very little way off.
Put on several layers, each almost as thin as a spider-web, extending it out widely and smoothly each time.
He descended from the sky on a rope of spider-web and commenced to work for his object with the aid of magic arts.
She knew every mousehole in the cellar, every spider-web and cracked window-pane in the fascinating attic.
Her voice vibrated and shuddered at her white lips as a caught moth vibrates and shudders in a spider-web.
The most curious effect is given by these blue and brown nets swinging masthead high, as if they were spider-web sails.
Their way led out on one of the spider-web bridges which tied building and tower into the complicated web which was the city.


text:
Mil Milagros Inc
Rating: 4.95 stars 38 38 reviews
Nonprofit Issues:
Education, Food
400 Atlantic Ave Boston MA 02110 USA
Mil Milagros/A Thousand Miracles partners with mothers, grandmothers, and teachers in Guatemala to prevent child malnutrition and hunger and to improve health and education in Guatemala. The Ministry of Education reports that just 66% of children in Guatemala complete sixth grade, yet the rates are estimated to be 40% in rural communities like those where Mil Milagros works. According to UNICEF, 50% of the children in Guatemala are malnourished - the highest rate in the western hemisphere . However, the rates of child malnutrition rates in rural indigenous communities like those where Mil Milagros works can exceed 70%.
• Since 2010, 96% of 6th graders in Mil Milagros partner schools have graduated. • Rates of child malnutrition and stunting have been reduced by 50% among those children who regularly participate in Mil Milagros' early childhood nutrition program. • More than 600 mothers and grandmothers have been trained in nutrition, hygiene, presentation skills, and leadership. • Children have developed and practice healthy hygiene habits including: tooth brushing, hand washing, and using soap. • Successful strategic partnerships have been formed with other NGOs to address other community needs including clean water, school and home construction, and healthcare services.
Target demographics:
More than 1,500 children (ages six months to 15 years) and their families
Direct beneficiaries per year:
1,500+ children, 600+ mothers and grandmothers, and 95 teachers
Geographic areas served:
nutrition, health/hygiene, literacy, and training for mothers and grandmothers
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Reviews for Mil Milagros Inc
2 people found this review helpful
Our family, which includes a child adopted from Guatemala, has been working with, supporting, and serving on the board of Mil Milagros for years. We are consistently impressed, delighted, and moved by the extraordinary success of the "teach and feed" approach developed and applied by Mil Milagros in villages around Lake Atitlan. Their operation is lean, and wastes not a penny of donors dollars on unnecessary expenses. All funds go directly into supporting the important work of preventing malnutrition while educating children in ways that enable them to improve their future. Even the way Mil Milagros structures its fund-raisers is indicative of their approach; rather than offering donated "weekends in the islands" or other items for donors to bid on, their auctions offer up needed services (kitchen construction, furnishing kitchens with utensils,building sanitary facilities, etc) to bidders. There is no way to overstate the dedication, professionalism, and accomplishments of the Mil Milagros team.
2 people found this review helpful
I have supported many non profits over the years, but rarely one where every dollar has had so much impact on so many. With a very low overhead, Mil Milagros has allowed young children an opportunity to develop intellectually and physically as well. THey have eliminated absenteeism at school by providing nutritional lunches to children who were badly undernourished and whose growth had been stunted by extreme poverty. Many of these children of Mayan families who've been discriminated against for centuries will now reach their full potential.
In addition all of the children have been introduced to pure drinking water and the habits of hygiene e.g. they have been provided with toothbrushes for the first time and many have been seen by volunteer doctors and dentists. Over 500 mothers of the children have been taught to shop for healthy food and how to prepare it.
Mil Milagros has also been responsible for engaging the interest of a Dutch nonprofit who built houses for 25 families whose village had been destroyed by a mudslide several years ago . In addition they built a new school a well.
The lives of thousands of children over the last 5 years have benefitted from Margaret Blood and the organization, Mil Milagros, A Thousand Miracles. And all for the unbelievable sum of 50cents a day.
A donor's dream
2 people found this review helpful
I have been both a donor and volunteer with Mil Milagros. I have helped with the library project, reading tests, and health/hygiene activities such as weighing and measuring children. As a Guatemalan, I wish resources, training, and support such as that provided by Mil Milagros had been available for my generation because it makes such a huge impact on the lives of these children and their families. Lives are being transformed by the work of this organization!
5 people found this review helpful
Mil Milagros is doing critical work to support the children and families in Guatemala. It has been amazing to see the organization strategically grow and have greater impact without losing its laser focus on results. I have been inspired to hear about all the programs and services that are making a difference - especially the work with the moms. I am proud to support Mil Milagros.
5 people found this review helpful
As the adoptive parents of a child born in Guatemala, my husband and I had been looking for a meaningful way to "give back" and improve life for all children in that country. When we became involved in Mil Milagros, we had no idea we would find an organization that would also change our lives. From the start, we were impressed with founder Margaret Blood's vision, commitment and passion for improving health, hygiene and educational outcomes for the children of Guatemala. While I have served as a volunteer, my husband serves on the Board, and we have devoted a significant share of our charitable giving to Mil Milagros. We have just returned from our first trip with our daughter to Guatemala and could not be more impressed or inspired by the work that Margaret and her staff are doing in the beautiful but achingly poor Mayan Highlands. We visited all of the schools, met with mother leaders, observed classes, meal preparation and cultural presentations. Best of all were the warm welcomes, smiles and expressions of deep gratitude and appreciation from the children, parents and teachers. Outcomes have improved dramatically in the communities served by Mil Milagros, but there are so many more in dire need of our program and support (as I write, there is a waiting list of some 14 other schools). I cannot recommend this organization highly enough. Please consider lending your support to Mil Milagros!
7 people found this review helpful
After deciding I was financially able to donate a fair amount of money to help the less fortunate I made Guatemala my focus. I spent a year or so researching non-profits and the whole realm of charitable organizations- the good they do and the problems and pitfalls. I spent many weeks visiting and evaluating 10-12 organizations working in Guatemala and have now ended up working with and donating to 3 or 4 on a regular basis.
Mil Milagros is an inspiring organization. It is small (and growing) non-profit with a clear, well-reasoned and attainable mission. To achieve their goals Margaret and her wonderful employees and volunteers focus on what I and many others know are the key problems in combating relentless poverty- lack of access to healthcare and education. They don't just dump food and money on the doorstep of needy families and walk away, rather, they require the involvement of the parents, teachers, administrators and the kids themselves to realize and carryout the mission of MM- success in school via meal programs, nutrition, hygiene, classroom/teacher support, women's health education and so much more. I also admire that they cooperate with other non-profits that work in other areas (medical, dental, building construction, etc.) rather than possibly spreading themselves to thin.
Donating to MM does a great deal of good and benefits so many people, including myself. I am inspired and buoyed in my daily life by being involved with them and what they are able to accomplish! A better organization I haven't found! Thanks to MM for all their good work.
6 people found this review helpful
Mil Milagros is doing amazing work in Guatemala by partnering with schools, teachers and mothers, to make sure that children have a healthy meal at school each day. In August 2014, my wife, son, and I visited four of the five schools where Mil Milagros is engaged and saw first-hand the close connections and many consequences of the remarkable work by this group. The school-lunch program provides an entry point for Mil Milagros to explore broader development efforts, which vary depending on the needs of each community and school. We were deeply impressed by the passion and the results of Mil Milagros, and by the dedication of the mothers who cook the food each day. We hope that the organization will expand its miracles to other schools and communities.
4 people found this review helpful
I was able to see the work provided by Mil Milagros last year first hand. I visited the schools on two occasions with my teenage children, both adopted from Guatemala. The experience was moving and inspirational. The changes that occur as a result of this program impact not only the children, thier families, the community but also those that get involved. My children were inspired to do more for this program and the children serviced. They look forward to their next visit and they hope to inspire their friends and schools to get involved.
2 people found this review helpful
Mil Milagros, one thousand miracles. Well it's way more than that; way more than a thousand!
The initial miracle was that a forty-somethingish Boston woman should have found herself on a fun vacation in Guatemala and be quickly overcome, indeed stricken, by the kids which, as if magnetized, flocked to her ready smile, Spanish words of encouragement and blondest of blonde complexions. That was four or five years ago when Margaret Blood came to recognize in these arresting school-age kids a sense of need: these children showed signs of being among the very most malnourished in the world; their primary school completion rate was abysmal; the country's child pregnancy rate alarming; their poor families in need of help, too. "What to do? There must be a way?"
The next of many miracles to come was Margaret's success in the formation and evolution of the school feeding program, a not-for-profit, known and celebrated in the Guatemalan state of Solola, and here in the US, as Mil Milagros. Nearly a hundred people in the Boston area have contributed thousands of dollars to guarantee a hot meal for every kid in the many schools which have been fortunate enough to benefit from this endeavor. There are now over one thousand kids participating: not only is the benefit that of reducing the likelihood of progressive malnutrition in these kids, the hot meals have a major effect on kids and their families such that kids stay in school and dropout rate is markedly reduced. As an adjunct, kids are taught basics of health and hygiene. Every kid brings in his/her toothbrush and is expected to use it; hands are washed after going to the bathroom; sinks and showers have been installed with Mil Milagros help in certain schools. Whole families participate and are integrated into the program: the kids must bring in fire wood for the wood stoves to cook the meals which the mothers prepare in organized rotation. Clearly there is leveraged benefit, miracle upon miracle: the hope and enthusiasm radiating from the families and schools where Mil Milagros is working.
The next miracles Mil Milagros is rolling out will come with implementation of supplemental feedings for the younger siblings of the families whose children are in the school age program because, it has now been recognized by Mil Milagros and health experts, some aspects of malnutrition develop at a very young age and school feeding programs cannot be expected to help with all those early deficits.
It's easy to understand the enthusiasm and clamor of neighbors, schools and towns to bring Mil Milagros to thousands more in Guatemala. The next miracles: get to ten thousand kids within a couple of years, each child, each family another miracle in the evolution of humanity.
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2 people found this review helpful
Mil Milagros provides me the opportunity to give back in such a way that I know I am not just providing a fish, but a fishing pole. It allows me, as a donor, to play a small role in building capacity and hope among some of the poorest people in the world. It provides children with the foundation they need to be successful, and their parents with the skills and resources to help their children achieve greater success than they could have dreamed. It is a wonderful organization which benefits both the families and guatemala and donors such as myself.
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Cross Country
Liberty alumni Sam Chelanga (Class of 2011) and Carol (Jefferson) Smith (Class of 2008) will both compete for an Olympic berth live on NBC, beginning Saturday at 1 p.m. > Read More
LibertyFlames.com continues to count down the top moments of 2015 by looking at Moment No. 6, freshman Ednah Kurgat finishing 12th at the NCAA Women's Cross Country Championships. > Read More
Alan York of the Liberty Flames Sports Network recently caught up with Liberty Men's and Women's Cross Country Head Coach Brant Tolsma and freshman All-American Ednah Kurgat. > Read More
Tanner Ealum, Jaiden Mulder, Brittany Small and Valerie Wierenga have signed national letters of intent to attend Liberty University for the 2016-17 academic year. > Read More
Liberty freshman Ednah Kurgat made program history with her 12th-place finish in the women's 6K at Saturday afternoon's 2015 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships. > Read More
Ednah Kurgat will become the first Lady Flames freshman ever to represent Liberty at the NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships, Saturday afternoon in Louisville, Ky. > Read More
The Liberty men's and women's cross country teams will now turn their attention to Friday's 2014 NCAA Division I Southeast Regional Championships in Louisville, Ky. > Read More
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SMPTE Toronto June 2013 Meeting - BBQ and Facility Tour, CTV
Event Type:
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Event Date:
Tuesday, June 11, 2013 - 18:00 to 20:00
Event Details:
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There are many scenarios where the need to generate source code arises. The MVC helpers I introduced in my last post is one such example. Note that I am focusing on generating source code here, and not on scenarios where you may want to generate IL directly (which certainly do exist as well, but it's a difference discussion).
To perform the code generation, there are several different approaches that can be used. The most simplistic one is to use a plain StringBuilder and write whatever code you want to it. It's rather primitive, but for simple scenarios, it just might be good enough.
For more complex scenarios there are two widely different approaches that I will be discussing here: CodeDom and T4 templates. Let's start by introducing our two competitors.
CodeDom: this has been around since the Framework 2.0 days, and is used heavily by ASP.NET. Its main focus is on language independence. That is, you can create a single CodeDom tree and have it generate source code in C#, VB, or any other language that has a C# provider. The price to pay for this power is that creating a CodeDom tree is not for the faint of heart!
T4 Templates: it's a feature that's actually part of Visual Studio rather than the framework. The basic idea here is that you directly write the source code you want to generate, using <#= #> blocks to generate dynamic chunks. Writing a T4 template is very similar to writing an aspx file. It's much more approachable than CodeDom, but provides no language abstraction. Funny thing about T4 is that it's been around for a long time, but has only been 'discovered' in the last year or so. Now everyone wants to use it!
Let's say that you're trying to generate a class that has a method that calls Console.WriteLine("Hello 1") 10 times (with the number incrementing). It's a bit artificial, since you could just as well generate a loop which makes the call 10 times, but bear with me for the sake of illustration, and assume that we want to generate 10 distinct statements.
First, let's tackle this with CodeDom. In CodeDom, you don't actually write code, but you instead build a data structure which later gets translated into code. We could say that you write metacode. Here is what it would look like:
using System;
using System.CodeDom;
using Microsoft.CSharp;
using Microsoft.VisualBasic;
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
var codeCompileUnit = new CodeCompileUnit();
var codeNamespace = new CodeNamespace("Acme");
var someType = new CodeTypeDeclaration("SomeType");
someType.Attributes = MemberAttributes.Public;
// Create a public method
var method = new CodeMemberMethod() {
Name = "SayHello",
Attributes = MemberAttributes.Public
// Add this statement 10 times to the method
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
// Create a statement that calls Console.WriteLine("Hello [i]")
var invokeExpr = new CodeMethodInvokeExpression(
new CodeTypeReferenceExpression(typeof(Console)),
new CodePrimitiveExpression("Hello " + i));
method.Statements.Add(new CodeExpressionStatement(invokeExpr));
// Spit out the code in both C# and VB
(new CSharpCodeProvider()).GenerateCodeFromCompileUnit(codeCompileUnit, Console.Out, null);
(new VBCodeProvider()).GenerateCodeFromCompileUnit(codeCompileUnit, Console.Out, null);
You will either find this beautiful or atrocious depending on your mind set :) Basically, writing CodeDom code is analogous to describing the code you want. Here, you are saying:
Build me a public class named SomeType in the namespace Acme. In there, create a public method named SayHello. In there, add 10 statements that call Console.Write(…).
Build me a public class named SomeType in the namespace Acme. In there, create a public method named SayHello. In there, add 10 statements that call Console.Write(…).
It certainly takes a fair amount of work to do something so simple. But note that you're not doing anything that ties you to C# or VB or any other language. To illustrate this language abstraction power, this test app outputs the code in both C# and VB, with no additional effort. That is one of the strongest points of CodeDom, and should not be discounted.
Now, let's look at the T4 way of doing the same things. You'd write something like this (just create a test.tt file in VS and paste this in to see the magic happen):
<#@ template language="C#v3.5" #>
namespace Acme {
public class SomeType {
public virtual void SayHello() {
<# for (int i=1; i<=10; i++) { #>
System.Console.WriteLine("Hello <#= i #>");
<# } #>
As you can see, for the most part you're just writing out the code that you want to generate, in the specific language that you want. So for 'fixed' parts of the code, it's completely trivial. And when you want parts of the generation to be dynamic, you use a mix of <# #> and <#= #> blocks, which work the same way as <% %> and <%= %> blocks in ASP.NET. Even though it's much simpler than CodeDom, it can get confusing at times because you're both generating C# and writing C# to generate it. But once you get used to that, it's not so hard.
And of course, if you want to output VB, you'll need to write the VB equivalent. To be clear, only the 'gray' code would become VB. The code in the <# #> blocks can stay in C#. If you want the <# #> blocks to be in VB, you'd change the language directive at the top. The generator code and the generated code are two very distinct things!
Now that we've looked at samples using both techniques, let's take a look at their Pros and Cons, to help you make on informed decision on which one is best for your scenario.
Hopefully, this gave you good overview of the two technologies. Clearly, T4 is the more popular one lately, and I certainly try to use it over CodeDom when I can. With proper framework support, it would become an even easier choice.


text:
Thank You
Advanced anti-aging serum offers a daily-dose of anti-aging defense.
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If you are at all interested in keeping your face looking good then you must get this product. You can feel the goodness of this the minute you put it on. I always get compliments on my skin after shaving and putting this on. Buy it in the set with the eye cream and you have all you need. It's quick to apply and you will notice the days you forget to, but I am pretty sure you won't after you see how good it is.
I use this every day - regardless of whether or not I shaved. 1 pump will cover your whole face and the bottle lasts a few months. The bang is worth the buck.
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Badisch Brauhaus: Beer, Karlsruhe and a cool brewery restaurant
I would like to apologize to the VT folks who live in Karlsruhe but I didn't find the city that interesting, except for their art museum (Staatliche Kunsthalle) which contains some paintings from some well-known artists ("well-known" means that I even know who they are). The palace looked rundown and since the city was founded in 1715 there was a lack of historical/interesting buildings to take pictures of. My wife, who is an avid picture taker, took more pictures of the brewery restaurant than of the city.
That being said, if you are visiting the city I highly recommend the Badisch Brauhaus restaurant located on Stephanienstrasse street and fairly close to the art museum. The food was good and plentiful, the prices were extremely reasonable but the layout of the building makes it a key stop in your tour of the city. There were three levels to the restaurant all below ground and the place even included a tube slide that went for the first level down to the third. Too bad it was closed up when we were there.
They brew two beers year-round: Badisch Hell and Badisch Dunkel. The Hell was okay with a slight aftertaste that I usually notice with smaller breweries but their Dunkel was very nice, went down smooth and just the right amount of malt taste. They also brew seasonal beers and they were serving a black beer which I didn't get a chance to taste. So if you are in area give the place a try. I think you will be pleasantly surprised.
Favorite Dish: Try the Hell beer while you wait for your food but switch over to the Dunkel when your food arrives especially if you get the goulash meat dish.
- Beer Tasting
Badisch Brauhaus: A restaurant with it's own brewery
The Badisch Brauhaus is a restaurant that brews its own beer. This kind of restaurants become very popular here.
The ambience matches the fantasy-hotel ALLVITALIS where it is located in the ground-floor and the basement.
You have the choice between a cove in the cellar, a winter garden or an open beer garden in summer.
Favorite Dish: Try their local specialities from Baden and Alsace.
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Featured news
Debugging SSL communications
The SSL and TLS protocols have become the de facto standard for securing network communications. These protocols provide confidentiality, authentication and message integrity, but add additional complexity to client server communications. This situation is most evident when application maintainers and system administrators need to debug application-layer protocols protected by SSL. This article will discuss two utilities (ssldump and openssl) that can help debug applications utilizing SSL.
At Prefetch.net
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LinkedIn | FaceBook | Twitter
If you have to deal with any kind of compliance regulattions, you should check out this whitepaper, authored by my good friend JC Cannon. It's a "keeper bookmark": Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Compliance Guide Whitepaper
It covers almost as much as the compliance training I've had at other companies!
PingBack from http://bestwebhostingservices.com/carpe-datum-compliance-whitepaper-for-sql-server/


text: Inspiring young people through creative and active involvement in songwriting and music-makingTake a look and see Loading Quotes... Interactive Assembly Be Creative presents a range of musical styles with live instrument demonstrations. Expect the whole school to be involved! Find out more Songwriting Workshop Create, play and record an original class song in two hours. Recommended for first-timers to Be Creative. Find out more Songwriting Project Half or full-term residency exploring popular music styles and the nitty-gritty of songwriting. Plus an exclusive tour of a professional recording studio. Find out more


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Taylor Lautner and Taylor Swift Make Out Pictures!
- 2009/08/05 23:03:46
- Read all 124 opinions
Here are the pictures to prove it!
Top Opinion
- OrEo 2009/08/09 23:09:29... okay
- grr_rawr_bite_bang 2009/08/09 04:37:52+1i decided to make a little story to these pics
swift- " oh no no dont kiss me yet...lets just laugh together like a couple."
lautner- "come on we have to kiss already and my smile hurts now"
swift" cant believe i have to kiss him to promote myself"
lautner- " cant believe selena is ok with this but i guess shes a very understanding girl for her age...muahahaha"
swift "ima try to place my lips on urs as less as possible"
lautner" this girl does not know how to kiss...where's selena?"
- grr_rawr_bite_bang 2009/08/09 04:33:12wow it doesnt even look like real kisses i think its all fixed to promote themselves better...sux cuz both of them are so talented. oh well...and i also thought he was with selena gomez but then again all of them need promotion so dont believe all these teen relationships among celebrities
- meangirl907 2009/08/09 04:23:10wtf she gets around doesnt she and she gets the hot 1s
- ♥MissPunk♥ 2009/08/09 04:16:44
- anaserrao 2009/08/09 02:02:23WTF,I thought he was going out with selena gomez?
- jennababe468 2009/08/09 01:39:20agh short shorts
- Ashley 2009/08/09 01:05:35that doesnt really look like taylor swift...
- rubyus5 2009/08/08 20:49:03wow...really? they look like they're petrified to kiss each other.
- StephyShadows 2009/08/08 19:18:04I DO NOT LIKE THIS...LIKE AT ALL!!
I prefer selena to her
- JennyTH♥ 2009/08/08 01:08:24Oh that's why they're wearing matching outfits. For that movie Valentine's Day.
- JennyTH♥ 2009/08/08 01:05:48Are u sure these are real? I don't think they're going out...And that'd be awkward, there are so many people watching.
- zoey 2009/08/07 22:32:20get off my man i all ready had a problem with selena gomez i use 2 like u as a singer but u cross the line get off my man
- bitch that is not ur man get over it
- Brooque 2009/08/07 14:56:35I think they just look awkward in those pictures. XD I mean, I like Swift's music, and I like Lautner as an actor, but I think together they're kinda' odd.
- Untitled 2009/08/07 14:15:26Wow...
- ryan0014 2009/08/07 09:02:27Why did you kiss him?
- roflstephy 2009/08/07 05:44:59LOL. This looks really weird..
- SoulGlowActivatur 2009/08/06 22:50:43ewwwwww
- Caylee 2009/08/06 20:10:50
About Me
United States
2007/03/27 00:00:00
Recent Posts
- View more slideshows »
'The Purge' Exceeds Box Office Expectations: Are You Interested in The Film?
Ethan Hawke's new film has been panned by critics, but moviegoers clearly approve.
Judy Blume's Family Turns 'Tiger Eyes' Into a Movie: Do You Want to See It?
Despite the popularity and longevity of her work, none of Judy Blume's books have been successfully translated to film. Until now.
Do You Prefer Attending Large or Small Music Festivals?
If you prefer seeing artists up close rather than on the jumbotron, you should look into attending a small music festival this summer.
Kayne West's New Album Cover Revealed: Do You Like His Music?
It's easy to get sick of Kanye West, but at the end of the day, all that matters is his music.
Do You Plan to Tune in to 'Gotham'?
Holy amazing new show, Batman! Before Penguin, Catwoman, Riddler and -- yes -- even Batman, there was the place they all grew up: Gotham.


text:
Police and Sheriff ReportsPublished 8:04am Tuesday, January 28, 2014
Click here to subscribe and skip the survey.
The Brookhaven Police Department's report for Friday and Saturday was not available.
The Lincoln County Sheriff's Department report for Friday, Saturday and Sunday was as follows:
• Complaint at 84 Chevron.
• Burglary of a residence on Zetus Road.
• Burglary alarm on Hwy. 51 SE.
• Complaint on West Congress St.
• Burglary alarm on Bogue Chitto Road SW.
• Direct Traffic at West Lincoln School.
• Direct traffic at Loyd Star School.
• Direct traffic at Brookhaven Academy.
• Complaint on Crooked Lane NE.
• Complaint on Hwy. 550 NW.
• Complaint on Rainbow Lane SE.
• Burglary alarm Greenwood Lane SE.
• Lost or stolen item on Beard Road NE.
• Complaint on Clark Travis Lane NE.
• Theft on Katie Trail NE.
• Complaint on Yellow Pine St. NE.
• Improper parking on Zetus Road NE.
• Complaint on Venice Trail
• Complaint on Herrington Lane SE.
• Alarm on Mt. Zion Road NW.
• Alarm on Mallalieu Drive SE.
• Alarm on Clayton Trial SE.
• Complaint in the county.
• Complaint on Boral Lane.
• Complaint on Nalco Lane.
• Alarm on Mallalieu Drive.
• Complaint on Upton Trail SE.
• Complaint on Shell Oil Lane.
• Suspicious vehicle on McCall Creek Road NW.
• Complaint on Denton Trail.
• Fire on Oil Field Lane NW.
• Disturbance on Sidney Trail SE.
• Prowler on New Sight Drive NE.
• Complaint at Case Grocery.
• Complaint on Mallalieu Drive SE.
• Complaint at Dollar General on Caleb Drive.
• Complaint on Breckenridge Lane NW.
• Stranded motorist on Old St. John Road NE.
• Complaint on McCaffery Trail SW.
• Complaint on James Drive NW.
• Vandalism of a vehicle on Oakwood Lane.
• Complaint on Maple Lane SW.
• Complaint on Bogue Chitto Road SW.
• Complaint on Steve Loop SE.
• Complaint on Ballard Lane NW.
• Complaint on Oakwood Lane NW.
• Complaint on Caseyville Road NW.
• Suspicious person on California Road.
• Complaint on Oakwood Lane NW.
• Disturbance on Clyde Trail.
• Shoplifter at Dollar General on Caleb Drive.
• Complaint on Mickle Smith Trail SW.
• Suspicious vehicle on Allen Road SE.
• Complaint on Crump Lane NW.


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With IPhone 5, Apple Has Chiseled The Smartphone To Near Perfection
You pick it up and it almost feels fake. That's not to say it feels cheap; because it doesn't -- quite the opposite, actually. It just doesn't seem real. Certainly not to someone who has been holding the iPhone 4/4S for the past two years. It feels like someone took one of those devices and hollowed it out.
The iPhone 5 is here.


text:
STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, Colo.—Cyclists are racing up Vail Pass in the latest stage of the USA Pro Challenge.
They're riding the 10-mile time trial route individually Friday in reverse order of the overall standings.
The right lane on westbound Interstate 70 from Vail to the top of Vail Pass is closed for the race and isn't expected to reopen until 5 p.m. In addition, no oversized and overweight vehicles are allowed to travel westbound from Copper Mountain to U.S. Highway 24 while the race is under way.


text: good afternoon; On 2010-02-11, at 17:54 , Christophe Rhodes wrote: > james anderson <james.anderson@...> writes: > >> the build was a straight, sudo'd make&install, on ppc darwin, from a >> downloaded tar. >> >> debugger invoked on a SB-INT:SIMPLE-FILE-ERROR: >> error opening #P"/usr/local/lib/sbcl/sb-grovel/defpackage.sbcfsl": >> Permission denied > > You have some configuration in your environment that makes the fasl > extension for sbcl contrib files not be "fasl". That will cause > asdf to > attempt to recompile, as you observed, files which do not need > recompilation, because asdf can no longer find the compiled files. > > Remove that configuration or customization, and you should be able to > continue. yes, i had failed to recognize, that the output paths were not retained. thank you.


text:
Definitions for jack-in-the-box
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word jack-in-the-box
Princeton's WordNet
plaything consisting of a toy clown that jumps out of a box when the lid is opened
Childu2019s toy where a figure pops out of a small box.
Translations for jack-in-the-box
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
Get even more translations for jack-in-the-box »
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Discuss these jack-in-the-box definitions with the community:
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Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
"jack-in-the-box." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2016. Web. 9 Feb. 2016. <http://www.definitions.net/definition/jack-in-the-box>.


text:
Below are poems written by poet
Sejal M. Click the Next or Previous links below the poem to navigate between poems. Remember, Poetrysoup is an environment of encouragement and growth. Thank you.
List of ALL
M poems
Sejal M
The silence says....
Quietness in nature
is a voice on its own,
Discipline is in nature is a constitution as a whole,
The sunshine says to be cheerful and gay
the moonlight reminds us to keep the calmness
always in the way....
Fear is soul's mirage
and heart 's cage..
but bravery is the medicine to break your wings
and shows you a way.
Rain is the tears for pain
but rainbow is the color of courage...
So truly said....
quietness is nature is a voice on its own.......
Copyright © Sejal M


text:
Fifty Six Jobs
Looking for jobs in Fifty Six? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Fifty Six jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.
Fifty Six, AR Job Openings
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How to say a lot in Twi
Would you like to know how to translate a lot to Twi? This page provides all possible translations of the word a lot in the Twi language.
Discuss this a lot Chinese (Trad.) translation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
"a lot." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2016. Web. 6 Feb. 2016. <http://translate.definitions.net/a lot/TW>.


text:
Telescope by vladstudioWatch
©2007-2016 vladstudio
So whimsical...love it!
Love it, now it is my new wallpaper!!!
Great !
will feature this artwork in one of my article. hope you like it.
Another one of my favorites. The moon is really cute. Brilliant!
the moon is cute
Funny! And cool!
cute .
i guess she's seeing the moon's ginormous eyes staring straight at her.
thats awsome ^^
i love it... reminds me a little bit of shaun tan
brilliant stuff | simplicity wins hands down
Thanks all
Very cute! I really like it.
i love it!
очень теплое и приятное настроение
very lovely!!
I love it! Simply wonderful
the moon or the man???


text:
Car Nation CanadaShared publicly -
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Rick Paletta, President of Car Nation Canada has enjoyed over 30 years in the automotive industry starting off as a lot attendant washing cars and then at a young age started his own wholesale business. He now owns one of the largest automotive dealership groups in Ontario.Car Nation Canada is one of the fastest growing groups of automotive dealerships in Canada. Rick strives for excellence in customer service and employee satisfaction. Only the best work here!


text:
originally posted by: raedar
a reply to: skunkape23
I graduated High School in Angleton, still have family there! I lived in Houston for a few years and now am in Austin.
Love Texas!
Houston is crowded and there's plenty of crime, but the museums and restaurants are amazing! Also, the local music scene is easy to break in to. I'm not active in music now, but when I was, I loved Houston. Austin is a bit flooded with talent, which is good unless you are an unknown musician.
Welcome to ATS, Op!
originally posted by: raedar
a reply to: skunkape23
1991! Ha. My last name rhymes with gay and my first name rhymes with tristy, hahaha. And I'm a girl.


text:
Thursday, May 14, 2015
you can imagine moonscapes,
endless hot dry emptiness
but the ants commute even on this hot sand
lizards patrol their freeways with quick tongues
improbable silvergrey leaves stand isolated
sand and sticks collecting under the windward edge of any plant.
at dusk the restless kangaroos cross the landscape
in the evenings there are yowls of dingoes
dense clouds of insects orbit the lights
dawn is patterned with tracks
and if it rains
a magician's bouquet
life explodes, instant spring packetmix
just add water.
Wednesday, May 06, 2015
to match your fancy and quench your envy
setting a trap for your immediate attention.
a market to engage you
with the unlikely imagery of a commercial imagination
seeding questions and farming responses,
enhance your success, open your purse,
quench your need with our original, natural, blue pill
clinching a sale, a steal! closing a deal.
trusted partners reach into your address book,
praying for support, preying on conscience
any answer is bound to please.
just sometimes,
a paragraph of detractor text, ragged pieces
from vintage novels, snuppets of wholesome language,
a block of literary noise to confuse the filters
these hold unexpected charm.
tissue of soft dust
despite eternal sweeping
chaos replenished
a fragrant creeper
behind the red dahlia
stealing attention
bees searching pinwheels,
eyes with yellow lashes,
flowering gum tree
squeezed by distance
fence posts diminish, shadows
contrast, long and sharp
finely inked tattoos
spill piquant winding stories
cheap creamy cotton
striped with afternoon sunlight
warming my window
a dream of travel
not quenching my restlessness
just honing its point
cracked earth and dry thistles
the swamp is still thirsty
an ibis steps formally
her beak curves, deep
into the crevasses
the egret too is walking,
soft bluegrey elegance
collecting caterpillars
as they taste their green hosts
in the garden a storm
of butterflies rises,
matching her slate colours,
but no longer hungry
Monday, May 04, 2015
a gradual taming of the red earth for zucchinis and beans.
she keeps close to my side
a honey coloured dark eyed shadow
we share the quiet society of insects, lizards and garden life
until evening when he returns.
catching the sun
close, like people huddled on a train platform
hailing the morning sun with relief and green vitality
a small distance above the chill
night air still lurks in the shadows
finding the lowest ground with the lowest temperature
not quite frozen this time.
Tuesday, February 25, 2014
Tuesday, August 10, 2010
AHARS Symposium September 19
Topics; Amateur radio, Construction
Speakers; Drew Diamond VK3XU, Phil Harman VK6APH and more
Venue; Belair Community Centre, Corner of Sheoak Road and Burnell Drive, Belair
Cost; $20 at the door for morning tea, lunch and afternoon tea.
Date; 19 September, 2010
Time; 930am - 5pm
Monday, January 04, 2010
Friday, May 01, 2009
Horse trading
<email@example.com> wrote:
> Jeremy and all,
> Americans interests in this instance
> should come first but in a fair way
> with our Trading partners around the world.
It has become clear through the previous discussions that the DMCA, especially in regards to DRM/TPM, runs at odds to civil rights and accessibility. Incongruent law is generated because the trade process sidesteps or bulldozes public interests.
Since the printing press copyright has been used as a means to find a balance between the social function of information, our peace with our possessions, and the business of making and distributing ideas.
We now use methods of publishing and distribution which do match the printing press' single point of investment model. We could do with rethinking the social/business balance around ways to multiple points of contribution and where publishing is trivial, and creation is living and participatory.
A single point of value with a distributed social cost is no longer a good value mapping for the ways that we can express information.
A trade negotiation is not a suitable context for negotiating that kind of civil infrastructure. The public interest is not effectively represented in the mechanics of trades processes. It leads to the kind of gaming and hypocrisy which Consumers International have pointed out.
Repeal of DMCA would be a useful first step.
The crucial aspects of the social functions of information need to be able to flow in the interests of world health, ecology, community. Our means for valuing innovation should not effect obstacles to world health, our means for innovating with agriculture should not cause risk to ecologies or encourage the development of nonviable species for commercial interest. As a species we need to look at our methods for valuing to see if they are responsible to our biodiverse context, as a community of people we need to value in ways which do not cause inhumanity.
A tragedy of the commons is a choice, it is a prisoner's dilemma kind of choice. There is no tragedy in contexts where the participants choose to act for the common good.
If our systems for generating law are engineered through trade processes the underlying precepts are grounded in individual advantage. If they are developed in piecemeal increments with global agreements we get a uniform obfuscated law because the process is only practical in small pieces at a global scale. The result is that copyright is not a comprehensible model of valuing for public use.
If a child cannot confidently wield the fabric of their cultural context because it is damn near impossible to figure out what is legal and what is not then the method for valuing is costing society both in the right to participate for new generations, and in their ability to see legal frameworks as viable and reasonable systems. ie It erodes lawfulness to have incomprehensible law which results in more people choosing for their own interests rather than any common good.
DMCA is a problem. DRM/TPM technologies are not a workable solution to a social question.
If we did not have the Statute of Anne heritage, and we were looking at our current means of production/distribution and social function with information what kinds of models for valuing could we make? How would we ensure that they always kept strong ecological and humanist values and also helped value to accrue to effort and investment?
[Janet XYL]
Consumers International: Call for end to USA hypocrisy on Fair Use
Jeremy Malcolm, CI IP Programme Coordinator says:
"Fair use in US copyright law has contributed an estimated $4.5 trillion to the US economy, by allowing the use of copyrighted material by educational institutions, Internet innovators, and sellers of devices like the iPod and TiVo. Yet the US government is actively stopping other countries from having the same opportunities. CI wants to see an end to this hypocrisy."
[Janet XYL]
Wednesday, April 29, 2009
Comments on proposed WIPO treaty to permit blind users to circumvent DRM
This post is a summary of my thoughts on a thread in the Access to Knowledge email list. The A2K is generally an announce flavoured list but this particular issue has generated some dialogue.
The initial post is titled:
[A2k] DRM and the World Blind Union's Proposed Treaty for Reading Disabled Persons
There are some title changes through the discussion.
The following is a post I contributed:
OK so if we have a blind person and a DRM media item
to effect access we need:
- a copyright law which includes a useful limitation and exception for the intended use and user
- a treaty which permits circumvention of the DRM for that type of user and use
- the right to delegate that exemption to a possibly sighted engineer/organisation
- the right to delegate the permission to develop a tool/means of circumvention to a possibly sighted engineer organisation
- the right to delegate a permission to distribute or share the tool and/or the resulting accessible media back to the user.
- there may be cost issues associated with sourcing this kind of expertise which might be difficult to afford for individual users and so it is likely that some wider sharing of either the media or the tools would still be needed to make the material accessible in a cost effective and a timely manner.
[snipped a bit about education and library uses]
- What kind of approach should be taken to make it possible for these acts of engineering, distribution and use to occur on behalf of the blind user by a third party?
- Similar question for engineering, distribution on behalf of other accessibility purposes.
- Similar question for engineering, distribution on behalf of education, library, health and other civic uses which could easily impact a blind user as well.
In Australia there are existing laws about providing goods and services in an accessible manner. A user successfully sued the Olympic Games for a website which did not make it possible to purchase tickets in an accessible manner.
Is it possible to use that kind of approach to ensure that media is provided in an accessible way and that circumvention and distribution for any legal use or on behalf of users who require access to means of circumvention is a safe thing to participate in for all those in the supply chain.
Tonight Paul Lehto posted a comment drawing parallels between his experience in contesting civil rights with digital voting technologies and the legality of purveying information using inaccessible technology.
"Both with DRM (Digital Reformatory Mandates) contracts and with elections, governments and corporations are increasingly using contracts/compacts/treaties or licensing contracts as an improper method of "opting out" of constitutional limitations or core human rights enforcement, instead of using the only proper method available: actually amending the constitution. Just hours ago, Washington state become the 5th state to pass the "National Popular Vote Compact" which is en end-around the relatively unpopular Electoral College method of electing U.S. Presidents.
Now, I myself don't particularly like the Electoral College, but it's even more fundamental that contracts can't be used to modify core rights at all, in most cases, and in any case they certainly don't modify the rights of those who haven't even signed the bloody contract, digitally or otherwise.
With Digital Reformatory Mandates it seems to me that, among other things, big corporate providers have no intention of following constitutional and legal schemes of copyright that require that knowledge always (eventually) make it into the public domain. There doesn't appear to be any real intention of making available an unrestricted public domain version of the work seventy or more years later (or whatever the applicable copyright period happens to be). As such, these contracts also go above and beyond what fundamental law allows. The UDHR "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" recently cited on this list aptly points out that "IP" "rights" are not on a par with core human rights, they are privileges handed out at the discretion of governments.
In contrast, inalienable rights consist of things (in the USA at least) as simple as the right to file bankruptcy (no contract is valid that purports to waive that right) or the right to seek a divorce. Similarly, one may not waive one's right to vote by contract or other core rights.
If the list agrees that knowledge and access thereto is a core human right, and if the list agrees that licensing contracts or technological structures that put freedom and knowledge in a kind of private prison via Digital Reformatory Mandates, then what is called a "facial attack" on the DRM regime is clearly available in various forms."
Australia does not have fair use, it does not have the same Constitutional liberties which exist in the USA, however we do have laws ensuring people should have access to goods and services in an accessible manner.
I don't know which way this debate will proceed but in either direction the debate about facilitating accessible technologies should raise some interesting issues for those who may need to unpick DRM/TPM issues from either a technical or a legal perspective.
/me hopes that what this means is that DRM effects disfunction that we already have legal recourse to outlaw.
Janet (XYL)
Podcasts I've been listening to recently
I have been hanging out for the next podcast from Bill N2CQR. Bill posts usually once a fortnight and keeps an interesting blog called SolderSmoke. Homebrew amateur radio, some travel log, some amateur astronomy and other related geeky things.
A couple of weeks back I found Linux in the HAM Shack, which is self explanatory really. Russ K5TUX and Richard KB5JBV, aim to walk you through all the popular things you's likely do with computers in HAM radio. Assume radio experience, but not Linux experience.
I have at least a hour bus trip to work and then another hour home again, so these podcasts help fill the voids in my head with useful radio thoughts =)
Kim VK5FNET
Wednesday, April 22, 2009
Progress on NE602 based direct conversion receiver
The cool thing about that was I found a couple of little paper bags with parts that I had bought months back and promptly filed for safe keeping in boxes! Anyhow, that list of parts contained an SA602, 3.579MHz crystals, a variable poly-cap, a large breadboard and some zeners.
This was all the missing parts for the NE602 based direct conversion receiver I've been wanting to build. So late this afternoon I sorted out all the other parts, put them in a box and setup on the kitchen table to assemble. My soldering iron and other tools are currently at a friends, so I pretty much had to assemble everything up on the breadboard.
Made dinner, a tasty curry with shallot pancakes. Then assembled it as per the circuit from W1AW. I am not sure where I first found it, google has a few references to it about. There are also a few variations on the NE602 direct conversion receiver, like the MRX-40_Mini_Receiver and another that I like using LC tank circuits for both the RF input filter and the oscillator side.
I fired it up but heard absolutely nothing. Much comparing with the diagram led to adding the vcc and ground rail for the LM386, after which I could hear familiar hash with the speaker held very close to my ear. I dug out the Pixie2 hoping to create some kind of signal. However the oscillator from the Pixie2 did not create the expected signal or inteference on the DC receiver. So this needs looking at another day when I can focus for more than ten minutes at a time. Hopefully this coming weekend wont involve any more headaches.
Kim VK5FNET
Monday, April 13, 2009
2 Meter Portable Ops
HAM radio operators work under the banner of WICEN. WICEN is an organisation for emergency radio communications to help in message passing for the emergency organisations like the Country Fire Services, Police, Ambulances, etc. The aim here is for radio operators to work well under pressure to get messages through under tricky conditions. I've been told that despite the technical problems I had at the rallies, I did a good job and should continue working in this field. So once I am confident I have useful portable kit I will join WICEN and do more formal activities with them. Here is a summary from the de-brief of the last rallies.
Anyway, so yesterday we made a list of things we are missing and working to narrow that down. Along with places to find said missing items. Things like; good rope, large non-black tent pegs, tubing for another mast, extra RF patch cables, another dummy load, a good box on wheels that can be pulled or pushed like a sack truck and fix my SWR meter.
So later in the day we put together a couple more patch leads and a 7.5watt dummy load for Karl. I have also spent a fair bit of time working on the SWR meter. I looks good to me, but I think I'll follow up with some of the local HAMs to confirm that its accurate as I had to repair the input connector. Which meant disassembling the whole thing and rebuilding it again, which means it will need re-calibration.
Was planning some more study for the next exam today, but a long list of around the house jobs are yet to be done. You know the ones, mowing, digging, weeding, tidying... Maybe tonight =)
The main reason I need to push to get these exams out of the way is that I really want to work packet at the next rally. This is where my radio/linux/networking/computing interests all meet. There is so much stuff to explore in this space, thankfully it doesn't seem to change very fast, so I will have a chance to catch up =) Then I can start work into the areas of HF and 2 meter packet radio with some of the local guys. Not sure where that will end yet =)
Kim VK5FNET
Monday, March 09, 2009
dreams of arduinos
I've been following the SolderSmoke blog and podcast, Bill mentioned that he put in a submission to Hack A Day about QRSS. Hack A Day is one of those sites that just gets the juices in the brain a pumping and thinking about building various things.
The first thing I found this morning was pluggable modules on an arduino shield, like lego blocks to enable fast prototyping of hardware and software.
The second was a two servo, four legged robot powered by four AA batteries and an Arduino.
The third was a tiny parallel supercomputer; the non-von1-supercomputer. There was another project a while back implementing a basic stamp supercomputer.
From a link somewhere I found one of the things that I keep crossing paths with, a home made Arduino board project. I found one today that set my mind racing off down the path of pluggable modules; the cheapduino.
So while not specifically parallel, but pluggable architectures of embedded systems. It could simplify the design of the individual board if a backplane had all the power, clock and a MPI interface for each CPU.
Perhaps a single USB connected backplane with a serial interface for each pluggable daughter board, in a simple frame that lets each daughter board have an edge connected I/O space. Something like the cards in a QBUS VAX. Smaller obviously, about five centimeters or two inches a side.
On that you could build a service per CPU, say, temperature logging, writing to a SD card, inrfa red comms., two wheeled robot platform built with servos, xigbee Tx/Rx, bluetooth...
I'm sure that there are loads of other ideas in this space. Its all about context and filling a need, its just strange some days where ones mind wanders... parallel pluggable embedded systems, which I'm sure one call call a mini-frame. Hmmmm ... theres an LCA talk in that I'm sure.
Kim VK5FNET
Monday, February 23, 2009
Band Pass Filters
I found a page on the band pass filters; http://blog.makezine.com/archive/2009/02/maker_channel_ep_8_uber_tuber_freel.html
So the original Pixie 2 circuit - a direct conversion receiver I'd like to use for QRSS - has a low pass filter. Firstly, the reason the BPF project was started, is to remove all the spurious noise from other bands. Mainly the huge signal from the commercial AM broadcasters around 1.8MHz. Secondly, I want to make pretty sure that I'm not spraying harmonics across higher bands.
Some testing with the original LPF from the crystal oscillator shows a nice sine wave like signal with some noise on the peak of the upper cycle. However the Chebyshev BFP has lots of harmonics and looks like its attenuating a lot. I need to get some advice on reading the output of my CRO. Also a spectrum analyzer would be a very hand tool. But I'm not real happy with the output of the Chebyshev, it actually looks worse than the input side from the oscillator.
It seems, on advice from VK5TR / VK5JST, that many of the generic toroids from Altronics, DSE & Jaycar, may not have a suitable Q factor. Jim suggested the FT68-41 toroid cores. The suggested core is the T94-6. Will have to find a source of toroids specifically for the purpose. Not found any local suppliers, but will keep looking.
BPF == band pass filter
LPF == low pass filter
HPF == high pass filter
CRO == cathode ray oscilloscope
harmonics == multiples of the frequency that you are generating
Kim VK5FNET
Tuesday, February 17, 2009
LinuxSA Talk: Hacking the chumby, by Chris Iona
More interesting stuff at Bunnies blog of chumby hacks.
Monday, February 16, 2009
More on toroids
The L4534 seems to be the same dimensions as the T130-2.
OD = 1.30 / 33.0 mm +/- 0.02 in
ID = .780 in / 19.8 mm +/- 0.02 in
Ht = .437 in / 11.1 mm +/- 0.025 in
Also I've found a useful site on the standard sizes.
The T130-2 has a AL of 11 +/-5%. So then to calculate the inductance like so; uH=(AL*Turns2)/1000
The L4517 does not match up to any of the standard sizes. Its just a bit bigger than the T50-2. So I'll use that as a model and obviously subtract some turns ...
I have three of the L4517's would with 36 turns of 0.5mm enabled wire for an inductance of 12uH. Now to pick out the capacitors for the BPF. Then find the smallest way to build it all up on copper clad board for the Pixie2 in the Haighs tin.
kim vk5fnet
Sunday, February 15, 2009
How to capture output from a CW beacon with an Arduino?
Now where does the Arduino fit into this? Ideally we need to monitor the incoming signals. We can do this with programs like glfer or baudline in Linux. In windows land there is Spectran and Argo. This requires the operator to sit and watch the waterfall screen scroll by and wait to see whats out there. Often what happens is that the operator will do a screen capture of the window with the waterfall to share what they saw. Often there will have to be a series of screen captures to get the entire message. I'm aiming to find a way to use the Arduino to monitor the audio from a Pixie2. Once an interesting signal is detected it either records the audio stream or attempts to decode it.
I'm sure there are useful SDRAM devices that you can store an audio stream to, not sure of the bandwidth, but expect that 10-44KHz audio wouldn't be that much of a challenge. Once you have the data then you manually need to view or listen to all the recorded streams and see of any of them are indeed useful. Perhaps its a little ambitious, but what I'd like to do is to decode the CW audio into text and record on the fly. Perhaps also logging to a serial port. We're talking about 25 words per minute, tops, for manually sent CW from a good operator. With QRSS we are talking about 0.3 baud, so much, much less. The hard part is actually processing the data and making clever descisions about what is real signal and what is noise.
If you've ever watched the waterfall scroll by, you'll see that there is a lot of noise out there. Much more than you'd expect. Every plasma TV, every AM radio station, every computer, etc adds to electrical and magnetic junk flying around. The power supply on my laptop is amazingly bad. So much so that I've added extra filtering so that I can use it near my Pixie2 to record the audio coming from it. Actually I don't use the PSU when recording any more, luckily the laptop has a 5 hour battery life. The laptop itself isn't too bad. I have added RF filtering on the audio input cable, which solved a bunch of things, but has reduced the sensitivity a bit. Its hard to measure.
Measuring seems to be the black art of HAM radio. Yes a DMM, a digital multi-meter will do a lot of things, but doesn't do everything. A while back I found a LCR meter, which has been really handy. L is inductance, C is capacitance, R is resistance. It does the job ok, but I'd like to compare it to another meter see see if its accurate.
Building radio gear is easy if you know all your components are right. I had a battle with measuring inductance before. Calculating coils it easy but you don't know if your theoretical model actually matches your hand wound inductor in the low pass filter. Is it really 2.2uF? Am I really getting RF above 4MHz filtered out? Is it actually 3MHz? I suppose thats where a spectrum analyser comes in. Good radio practice is all about measuring things. Things that measure things are not cheap as I've discovered.
My ongoing reading leads me down the path of buying some existing kits. Why? Other people measured things and made a kit with all the part supplied. You don't have to think too much about measuring the details, because the kit is supposed to work =) Not casting nasturtiums at all. However if I've any change to understand how all this stuff works, you need to cut the code yourself, wind the toroids yourself, put the transistors in backward the first time and mess with it and measure until you've got what you expected. I mean, who'd have thought that the 2N2222's that I baught from Dick Smith have a different pin out to the data sheet?!?!
Where was I going... oh yes, there is a point at which you don't want to have to build everything. There are nice kits out there and there are building blocks that you just want to slot in that just work. I am finding that I need to actually build some anyway as its the only way to learn about this stuff. Electronics isn't as easy as it first looks. Just like code, you have APIs, you have to muck around with the input/output matching, buffers and sometimes you need to add a few bypass capacitors, just because! I don't know why yet, but it makes a difference. One of these days I'm sure I'll understand RFC's too, people put them in funny places.
RF propagation is at a low right now. Sun spots are also at a low. Yes these are related. While propagation is bad, folks are playing with MEPT beacons that use QRSS, its a really slow form of CW. Why? Because when you slow down the data rate, you can decrease the bandwidth needed to send the signal. If you are narrowing the bandwidth you can use less power too. When receiving a QRSS signal, you only need to look at a very narrow chunk of RF spectrum. As little as 10Hz. Folks are using tiny amounts of power to get their signals around, as little as 100uW. 10mW will travel from the USA to Australia.
Stability becomes a problem when we are talking about a band 100Hz wide. You also need an oscillator that is very temperature insensitive. Which is where something simple like the Pixie2 comes in, it listens to a much wider chunk of RF spectrum. A peecee sound card has an input bandwidth around 44KHz. That is plenty wide enough to allow for a beacon and receiver to drift around. The main battle is find the signal in the first place.
As you make the radio hardware simpler, you may need to make the software a little more complex. A peecee has more then enough capacity to process this amount of information, but does an Arduino? I'm hoping that it does. To record a QRSS MEPT transmission and play back the message. Also I'd really like the Arduino to be independent from a peecee, so it can be remote.
The other option is a full SDR, software defined radio, but these are very expensive. Also a lot more flexible than a little direct conversion (DC) receiver like the Pixie2. The way the Australian dollar is compared to the US dollar theres no chance an SDR will land in my radio shack this year.
kim vk5fnet
Fun with toroids
Anyhow, some time back I picked up all the 15.2X8.53X5.94 toroid cores, L4517 the local Aztronics. They sell from the Altronics catalog. So these cores are not standard sizes or models that are used in HAM radio, so far that I can make out. They are pretty close to a T50-2, as they are supposed to be iron core, but are a bit larger diameter. Using 0.5mm/24bs enameled copper wire, WW4016, from Jaycar, I've spread the turns out over at least 80% of the toroid, values as follows;
- 10 turns gives 0.001mH
- 20 turns gives 0.003mH
- 25 turns gives 0.005mH
- 36 turns gives 0.012mH - for 3.5MHz BPF
I could probably squeeze on another 5 turns, but 10-36 turns covers the inductance that I need right now. Perhaps other gauges of wire will yield other usable values. These toroids as they are setup are intended for low pass filters or band pass filters. The Pixie 2 needs just one in its current configuration. I intend to build up a better filter as there is lots of AM broadcast signal there when down on the flat in Adelaide.
kim vk5fnet
Sunday, February 01, 2009
of tech and hands full of Tasmanian treasure.
He also brought home a
Community Recognition Award certificate for me.
Thankyou very much!
Congratulations to Alli Russell and
Hugh Blemings who were also recognised. =)
The conference sounds like it was a ripper.
Looking forward to checking out the recordings.
Good luck to the Wellington team with LCA2010,
the incoming Linux Australia committee,
and all the best to the LA mob for 2009.
Monday, January 12, 2009
olsrd ported to android
I've been looking for a replacement for mine as its just getting old and falling to bits.
This morning I found another incentive to look at the android;
olsrd ported to the google phone
OLSR on a phone, sounds like the kind of networking for me =)
kim vk5fnet
Sunday, January 11, 2009
Fun with radio - part 2
I commented in Bills blog, SolderSmoke News, about the how the two pixie 2's David Rowe and I built were not on the same frequency despite being the same circuit. They are about 2KHz apart, which we put down to the tolerances in the components.
My HF rig has a 'digial readout' that measures down to 1KHz increments. QRSS uses a 'band' of 100Hz wide. Thats right, a tenth of what my smallest increment on the HF rig. So how to I measure that?
I'm looking to build a frequency counter or meter. Are there homebrew designs out there?
kim vk5fnet
Thursday, January 08, 2009
Fun with radio - part 1
The Pixie 2 a tiny direct conversion radio intended for training new HAMs in under standing radio and building electronics. The initial build was a little bit troublesome as the oscillator wasn't. This makes it quite hard to build the rest of the radio, as it can be built in stages; the oscillator, the PA/detector, the audio amplifier.
Well the afternoon turned out to be quite productive and with a working radio picking up Davids Pixie transmitting from a foot away on the work bench. It puts out a whopping 200milliWatts and the output waveform on the oscilloscope was very sinusoidal.
David has a full amateur radio license and is a very cluey electronics engineer. I have my foundation license, so while I'm not worried about building a transmitter yet, I am quite interested in software defined radio(SDR) and QRSS. Which is what this project/journey is all about.
Whats next? Well as I now have a DC radio with audio output, SDR being the end goal, the next thing to build is the audio interface to the laptop so I can get the Linux QRSS client running...
kim vk5fnet
Wednesday, December 03, 2008
A2K from FSF Europe's Georg Greve
The article just went online at http://fsfeurope.org/
Tuesday, December 02, 2008
Join the UN open letter - action to protect the public-ness and the egalitarian nature of the Internet.
Most of us tend to take the commons and the public nature of the Internet for granted. However, increasing corporatisation and control of the Internet are strongly threatening these fundamental characteristics of the Internet as we know it. Therefore, six civil society organisations in India have proposed an open letter to the UN Internet Governance Forum which meets for its third annual meeting between 3rd and 6th December in Hyderabad. The letter exhorts urgent global action to ensure that the public-ness and the egalitarian nature of the Internet are preserved as its essential features. The possibilities of democracy, equity and social justice in our societies will be significantly impacted by the extent to which we can achieve this objective.
For the current endorsement list click here
Sign the open letter
Monday, December 01, 2008
Tuesday, November 11, 2008
pwned by the pipes
EFF and a diverse group of public interest NGOs, libraries and major U.S. tech industry players continue to oppose the current treaty draft because it's not limited to signal protection, but would instead create a new layer of exclusive intellectual property rights for broadcasters and cablecasters that would harm access to knowledge and consumers' existing rights under national copyright law, endanger citizen broadcasting on the Internet, raise competition policy concerns and stifle technological innovation.
Sunday, November 09, 2008
Why I copyfight by Cory Doctorow
An extract :
Indeed, copyists are busily building an elaborate ethos of what can and can't be shared, and with whom, and under what circumstances. They join private sharing circles, argue norms among themselves, and in word and deed create a plethora of "para-copyrights" that reflect a cultural understanding of what they're meant to be doing.
The tragedy is that these para-copyrights have almost nothing in common with actual copyright law. No matter how hard you adhere to them, you're probably breaking the law — so if you're in making anime music videos (videos for pop music made by cleverly splicing together clips of anime movies — google for "amv" to see examples), you can abide by all the rules of your group about not showing them to outsiders and only using certain sources for music and video, but you're still committing millions of dollars' worth of infringement every time you sit down to your keyboard.
It's not surprising that para-copyright and copyright don't have much to say to one another. After all, copyright regulates what giant companies do with each other. Para-copyright regulates what individuals do with each other in a cultural settings. Why be surprised that these rulesets are so disjointed?
It's entirely possible that there's a detente to be reached between the copyists and the copyright holders: a set of rules that only try to encompass "culture" and not "industry." But the only way to bring copyists to the table is to stop insisting that all unauthorized copying is theft and a
crime and wrong. People who know that copying is simple, good, and beneficial hear that and assume that you're either talking nonsense or that you're talking about someone else.
Friday, November 07, 2008
KEI on Copyright and accessibility at WIPO
KEI supports work on copyright limitations and exceptions. Like many others, we think that access for disabled persons should be given priority. The World Blind Union (WBU) has petitioned WIPO consistently on this topic since 2002, at SCCR 7. It is time to address the human rights of disabled persons.
asks the SCCR to remove the broadcasting treaty from the agenda until such time as there is greater consensus over the purpose of the treaty.
Piracy of broadcasts is already illegal under numerous treaties, including those that deal with copyright, or regulatory policy. If new economic rights are created for cable and satellite television channels, there will be a huge concentration of rights in a handful of corporations, at the expense of consumers and creative communities.
KEI suggests the SCCR broaden its program on the issue of performers. The SCCR might gather data and statistics on the distribution of income from performances, or ask the Secretariat to commission a study on the factors that influence the distribution of revenues to performers. This should also fruitfully consider the types of alternative remuneration schemes referred to by the IMMF, considering the possibility that there are limits to the enforcement of exclusive rights.
The orphan works element of the EU proposal could be included in the agenda item for limitations and exceptions.
Saturday, November 01, 2008
No filter tshirt
Action needed to expand exceptions and limitations to copyright law,
These discussions flowed from three proposals to give access to the most vulnerable or socially submitted to WIPO by the government of Chile at prioritized sectors.
A paper looking at international negotiations for exemptions and limitations:
1. Identification, from the national intellectual property systems of WIPO Member States, of national models and practices concerning exceptions and limitations.
2. Analysis of the exceptions and limitations needed to promote creation and innovation and the dissemination of developments stemming therefrom.
3. Establishment of agreement on exceptions and limitations for purposes of public interest that must be envisaged as a minimum in all national legislations for the benefit of the community.
Tuesday, June 10, 2008
ACTA proposed copyright treaty
Friday, April 11, 2008
Michael Geist notes exemptions for circumvention in NZ
Monday, March 31, 2008
Australia abstains on OOXML
It does seem a lot of work to go to in order to have no opinion.
As I understand it many committee members were quietly hopeful of a No vote. Australia is not the only nation where people have invested a lot of time and expressed their perspectives thoroughly and carefully through this process only to find that the final vote bears no connection to their work.
There have certainly been no shortage of concerns, published openly, expressed to Standards Australia, or to ISO directly.
Sadly given the other irregularities in the process I am not surprised about Australia's abstension. It has been an amazing process to watch.
So the abstension is likely to mean a win. That brings Australia a pre-stamped commitment to a format which:
* needs yet to be completely written and implemented,
* in its current and intended state conflicts with other standards and
* is only drafted in terms of its relationship with closed Microsoft formats
* is not considered legally safe for interoperability work.
Quoting Jan Wildeboer Red Hat EMEA Evangelist Open Source Affairs
"OOXML was created solely for use in Microsoft applications. It is not currently suitable as an international standard, because it cannot be completely implemented by anyone without access to inside information. Although it is more than 6,000 pages long, it contains various references to things that are defined only in Microsoft's software, not in the specification itself."
Needless to say the ISO stamp does not change any of the realities described below, and so the inability to express the fact that the proposal is broken through the ISO process will likely result in a change in what the ISO brand means rather than resulting in an acceptance of the proposal as something which can be relied upon as a useful tool in making interoperable data.
It will be interesting to see where nations will look to in the future in order to find whether a format can effectively serve a public function without causing vendor lockin and anti-trust concerns.
From: Peter Drummond in an Open Letter to ISO.
To: ua.gro.sdradnats|tcestni#ua.gro.sdradnats|tcestni
Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 08:47:55 +1000
Subject: OOXML ISO proposal
Dear ISO Standards Committee -
As Australia's IUPAP representative for computational physics, and Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, I would like to make the strongest possible objection to the proposal that the OOXML specification be adopted by the ISO. Australia should vote to reject this proposal.
This proposal is along the lines that 'We wish to propose an alternative standard for measurement called the Microsoft metre, which equals 3.14159 standard metres, except on leap years, when it equals 2.71828 standard metres'. Such a ridiculous proposal is unacceptable.
The simple point here is that there is an existing international standard called the ODF, just as we have an existing international standard for length (the meter), time (the second) and weight (the kilogram). The entire point of having a standard is the uniqueness of the standard!
To have two completely incompatible standards is not necessary, and would lead to the destruction of the standardization process. In the long run, this is less efficient, increases costs, and greatly reduces the chances of archival documents being readable in the distant future.
If a corporation or individual wishes to make technical improvements to a standard like ODF, there are channels and procedures for this. It is totally counterproductive and foolish to try and create a second incompatible standard, purely to afford competitive advantages to one company.
Finally, I haven't even mentioned the numerous technical problems to the OOXML proposal. This is so complex and poorly specified that there appears to be no fully compliant implementation in existence now, nor any means to verify compliance. To avoid embarrassment, please vote NO.
Yours sincerely,
Peter D Drummond, FAA,
Professor of Theoretical Physics,
University of Queensland.
Wednesday, March 26, 2008
Happy document freedom day
Open Document Format (ODF) is the first and only *Open* Standard standardised in ISO. It is supported by many applications, some of them proprietary, some of them Free Software. If you are currently using any of the applications below, your software already supports Open Document Format:
* AbiWord
* Google Docs
* IBM Lotus Symphony
* KOffice
* NeoOffice
* OpenOffice.org
* StarOffice
If you are not already using any of these applications, the following applications are Free Software and available for public download. Try ODF today:
* AbiWord
* KOffice
* NeoOffice
* OpenOffice.org
Wikipedia on OpenDocument
Microsoft's promise covers only fully-compliant implementations.
But Microsoft Office isn't fully compliant with the OOXML (OfficeOpen XML) specification, therefore those who seek interoperability with Microsoft's software won't be covered by its promise.
Correction: It also doesn't cover the optional or not fully detailed parts of the specification. Almost everything is optional and far from complete in the specification.


text:
Posts Tagged: white
New England Garden Wedding
Happy fall everyone! With October being just days away, I'm giddy over the arrival of my favorite season. To start off this exciting week, I've got an adorable New England wedding to share with you. You may have seen a few of the detail shots over at Frolic, but if not, you are in for… Read more »
Wave Hill Garden Wedding
Isn't there something so enchanting about a garden wedding? When photographer, Robert Sukrachand sent me the images of this soft, delicate and whimsical affair, I knew that I had to share it with you. I hope this sweet garden celebration brings you as much joy as it has for me today. As for the brief… Read more »


text:
I love photographing weddings. Having the chance to share nearly every minute of a couple's most important day of their lives is nothing short of an amazing experience. I don't aggressively promote myself as a wedding photographer due to the fact that I normally can't ever make my crazy schedule work, but my buddy Reed Carringer has […]
Randy…great stuff! Might have to join you guys sometime. After I get out of this crazy business…I have thought about shooting some weddings and other stuff to supplement my retirement. Always fun to hang out with great guys and talented photographers like you and Reed! Plus, not bad value for Bride and Groom…heck if you get one good shot…its FREE! Only 17 weeks til the home opener at Neyland! Can't wait!
Did you see the stuff I did with Mallory and Courtney with caps and gowns and then with Faymie and Andrea the following week? Would love feedback and suggestions! All were VERY pleased. All shots were done with an on-camera flash…trying to keep these free jobs simple! (Plus, I don't even own an off camera flash!)
Hope you guys are great! Talk to you soon!


text: 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data I was a asked a question from an experiment: What happens if the light shone into the diffraction grating or a double slit is not perpendicular to the diffraction grating or double slit? What will happen? 3. The attempt at a solution Straight away i can tell that the light might not arrive coherently to the slits because of this. But i don't know how incoherent light coming out of the slits will effect anything. All i can imagine happening is that the interference pattern will just shift, so lines of reinforcement will not appear where they were before, but the fringe separation (for double slit) will not be effected at all? Am i right? Or wrong?


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Charmeleon by darkheroicWatch
©2012-2016 darkheroic
Charmeleon is a tailed bipedal, reptilian creature similar to Charmander. It has crimson scales that are much darker than that of the bright orange Charmander. It has a tail with the tip burning with fire, a trait seen in many Fire-type Pokémon, especially the Charmander evolutionary line. If its tail is extinguished, it will also die like its prior evolution, though this has never happened in the anime or in game. Its skull has developed a horn-like protrusion to the rear and its mouth has elongated into a snout. It has a cream underside and an expansive cream coloration on the sole of its foot. Its front and back claws are far sharper and longer than Charmander.


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