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Publications (31)80.87 Total impact
Article: Anticancer potency of small linear and cyclic tetrapeptides and pharmacokinetic investigations of peptide binding to human serum albumin[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have in the present study explored the anticancer activity against human Burkitt's lymphoma cells (Ramos) of a series of small linear and cyclic tetrapeptides containing a β(2,2) -amino acid with either two 2-naphthyl-methylene or two para-CF3 -benzyl side chains, along with their interaction with the main plasma protein human serum albumin (HSA). The cyclic and more amphipathic tetrapeptides revealed a notably higher anticancer potency against Ramos cells [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) 11-70 μM] compared to the linear tetrapeptide counterparts (IC50 18.7 to >413 μM). The most potent cyclic tetrapeptide c3 had a 16.5-fold preference for Ramos cells compared to human red blood cells, whereas the cyclic tetrapeptide c1 both showed low hemolytic activity and displayed the overall highest (2.9-fold) preference for Ramos cells (IC50 23 μM) compared to healthy human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Investigating the interaction of selected tetrapeptides and recently reported hexapeptides with HSA revealed that the peptides bind to drug site II of HSA in the 22-28 μM range, disregarding size and overall structure. NMR and in silico molecular docking experiments identified the lipophilic residues as responsible for the interaction, but in vitro studies showed that the anticancer potency of the peptides varied in the presence of HSA and that c3 remained the most potent peptide. Based on our findings, we call for implementing serum albumin binding in development of anticancer peptides, as it may have implications for future administration and systemic distribution of peptide-based cancer drugs. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Article: Staphylococcus aureus biofilm susceptibility to small and potent β 2,2 -amino acid derivatives[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Small antimicrobial β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives (Mw < 500 Da) are reported to display high antibacterial activity against suspended Gram-positive strains combined with low hemolytic activity. In the present study, the anti-biofilm activity of six β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives (A1-A6) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) was investigated. The derivatives displayed IC50 values between 5.4 and 42.8 μM for inhibition of biofilm formation, and concentrations between 22.4 and 38.4 μM had substantial effects on preformed biofilms. The lead derivative A2 showed high killing capacity (log R), and it caused distinct ultrastructural changes in the biofilms as shown by electron and atomic force microscopy. The anti-biofilm properties of A2 was preserved under high salinity conditions. Extended screening showed also high activity of A2 against Escherichia coli (XL1 Blue) biofilms. These advantageous features together with high activity against preformed biofilms make β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives a promising class of compounds for further development of anti-biofilm agents.
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ABSTRACT: We report the anticancer activity from screening of a series of synthetic β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives that were prepared to confirm the pharmacophore model of short cationic antimicrobial peptides with high anti-Staphylococcal activity. The most potent derivatives against human Burkitt's lymphoma (Ramos) cells displayed IC(50) values below 8 μM, and low toxicity against human red blood cells (EC(50) > 200 μM). A more than 5-fold preference for Ramos cancer cells compared to human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells) was also obtained for the most promising β(2,2)-amino acid derivative 3-amino-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2,2-bis(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)propanamide (5c). Screening of 5c at the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA) confirmed its anticancer potency and revealed a very broad range of anticancer activity with IC(50) values of 0.32-3.89 μM against 59 different cancer cell lines. Highest potency was obtained against the colon cancer cell lines, a non-small cell lung cancer, a melanoma, and three leukemia cell lines included in the NCI screening panel. The reported β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives constitute a promising new class of anticancer agents based on their high anticancer potency, ease of synthesis, mode-of-action, and optimized pharmacokinetic properties compared to much larger antimicrobial peptides.
Article: Improved anticancer potency by head-to-tail cyclization of short cationic anticancer peptides containing a lipophilic β 2,2 -amino acid[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have recently reported a series of synthetic anticancer heptapeptides (H-KKWβ(2,2) WKK-NH(2) ) containing a central achiral and lipophilic β(2,2) -amino acid that display low toxicity against non-malignant cells and high proteolytic stability. In the present study, we have further investigated the effects of increasing the rigidity and amphipathicity of two of our lead heptapeptides by preparing a series of seven to five residue cyclic peptides containing the two most promising β(2,2) -amino acid derivatives as part of the central lipophilic core. The peptides were tested for anticancer activity against human Burkitt's lymphoma (Ramos cells), haemolytic activity against human red blood cells (RBC) and cytotoxicity against healthy human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). The results demonstrated a considerable increase in anticancer potency following head-to-tail peptide cyclization, especially for the shortest derivatives lacking a tryptophan residue. High-resolution NMR studies and molecular dynamics simulations together with an annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide fluorescent assay showed that the peptides had a membrane disruptive mode of action and that the more potent peptides penetrated deeper into the lipid bilayer. The need for new anticancer drugs with novel modes of action is demanding, and development of short cyclic anticancer peptides with an overall rigidified and amphipathic structure is a promising approach to new anticancer agents. Copyright © 2012 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Article: Anticancer mechanisms of action of two small amphipathic β2,2-amino acid derivatives derived from antimicrobial peptides[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have recently discovered that small antimicrobial β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives (Mw<500) also display activity against cancer cells. To explore their drug potential, we have presently investigated the mechanisms of action of two derivatives BAA-1 (IC(50) 8.1μg/ml) and BAA-2 (IC(50) 3.8μg/ml) on Ramos human Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Studies using annexin-V-FITC/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry revealed essential mechanistic differences, which was confirmed by screening for active caspases, investigation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and electron microscopy studies. Our results indicated that BAA-1 killed Ramos cells by destabilizing the cell membrane, whereas BAA-2 caused apoptosis by the mitochondrial-mediated pathway.
Article: Synthesis of anticancer heptapeptides containing a unique lipophilic β2,2-amino acid building block[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We report a series of synthetic anticancer heptapeptides (H-KKWβ(2,2) WKK-NH(2)) containing eight different central lipophilic β(2,2) -amino acid building blocks, which have demonstrated high efficiency when used as scaffolds in small cationic antimicrobial peptides and peptidomimetics. The most potent peptides in the present study had IC(50) values of 9-23 µm against human Burkitt's lymphoma and murine B-cell lymphoma and were all nonhaemolytic (EC(50) > 200 µm). The most promising peptide 10e also demonstrated low toxicity against human embryonic lung fibroblast cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells and exceptional proteolytic stability.
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ABSTRACT: We have investigated the in vitro metabolism of three small antimicrobial β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives (M (w) < 500) that are highly potent against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and are among the first compounds designed from small cationic antimicrobial peptides with potential for oral administration. The β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives are virtually completely resistant against degradation by proteases, and to further explore their drug potential, we have investigated the hepatic Phase I metabolism of this class of antimicrobial compounds. The β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives were incubated with murine liver microsomes and the metabolites analyzed semi-quantitatively by HPLC-MS and qualitatively by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer which enabled identification of the metabolites by careful interpretation of the collision activated dissociation spectra. The study shows that sterically hindered β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives that otherwise are stable against proteolytic degradation underwent Phase I metabolism and were oxidized to a number of different metabolites depending on the structure of the β(2,2)-amino acid side-chains.
Patent: Bioactive alkaloids
Article: ChemInform Abstract: Synoxazolidinone C: A Bicyclic Member of the Synoxazolidinone Family with Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Synoxazolidinone C is a new member of the synoxazolidinone family of compounds which are dibrominated guanidinium 4-oxazolidinones isolated from the sub-Arctic ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria. The compound was isolated along with synoxazolidinones A and B from the same ascidian extract. Spectroscopic methods revealed that the synoxazolidinone C differed from the other synoxazolidinones by an unprecedented bicyclic partial structure, containing an additional pyrrolidine ring. Synoxazolidinone C exhibited both antibacterial and anticancer activities.
Article: The Antibacterial ent-Eusynstyelamide B and Eusynstyelamides D, E, and F from the Arctic Bryozoan Tegella cf. spitzbergensis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The brominated tryptophan-derived ent-eusynstyelamide B (1) and three new derivatives, eusynstyelamides D, E, and F (2-4), were isolated from the Arctic bryozoan Tegella cf. spitzbergensis. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and analysis of mass spectrometric data. The enantiomer of 1, eusynstyelamide B, has previously been isolated from the Australian ascidian Eusynstyela latericius. Antimicrobial activities are here reported for 1-4, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as low as 6.25 μg/mL for 1 and 4 against Staphylococcus aureus. Eusynstyelamides 2 and 3 showed weak cytotoxic activity against the human melanoma A 2058 cell line.
Article: Synthesis of Cationic Antimicrobial β 2,2 -Amino Acid Derivatives with Potential for Oral Administration[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have prepared a series of highly potent achiral cationic β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives that fulfill the Lipinski's rule of five and that contain the basic structural requirements of short cationic antimicrobial peptides. Highest antimicrobial potency was observed for one of the smallest β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives (M(w) 423.6) exhibiting a MIC of 3.8 μM against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), and Staphylococcus aureus, and 7.7 μM against Escherichia coli. The β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives were shown to have similar absorption properties as several commercially available drugs, and the results implied a resembling membrane disrupting mechanism of action as reported for much larger cationic antimicrobial peptides. By their high potency, nontoxicity, absorption properties, and ease of synthesis, the β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives demonstrate a way to modify a vastly investigated class of cationic antimicrobial peptides into small drug-like molecules with high commercial potential.
Article: ChemInform Abstract: Synoxazolidinones A and B: Novel Bioactive Alkaloids from the Ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the sub-Arctic ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria collected off the Norwegian coast led to the isolation of a novel family of brominated guanidinium oxazolidinones named synoxazolidinones A and B (1 and 2). The backbone of the compounds contains a 4-oxazolidinone ring rarely seen in natural products. The structure of the compounds was determined by spectroscopic methods. The synoxazolidinones exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Article: Isolation and biological activity of (E)-1-(4-hydroxystyryl)guanidine from the sub-Arctic ascidian, Dendrodoa aggregata
Article: Antimicrobial Activity of Small β-Peptidomimetics Based on the Pharmacophore Model of Short Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have synthesized a series of small beta-peptidomimetics (M(w) <650) that were based on the minimal pharmacophore model for anti-Staphylococcal activity of short cationic antimicrobial peptides. All beta-peptidomimetics had a net charge of +2 and formed an amphipathic scaffold consisting of an achiral lipophilic beta(2,2)-amino acid coupled to a C-terminal l-arginine amide residue. By varying the lipophilic side-chains of the beta(2,2)-amino acids, we obtained a series of highly potent beta-peptidomimetics with high enzymatic stability against alpha-chymotrypsin and a general low toxicity against human erythrocytes. The most potent beta-peptidomimetics displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations of 2.1-7.2 muM against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), and Escherichia coli. Small amphipathic beta-peptidomimetics may be a promising class of antimicrobial agents by means of having a similar range of potency and selectivity as larger cationic antimicrobial peptides in addition to improved enzymatic stability and lower costs of production.
Article: Screening for antibacterial and antifungal activities in marine benthic invertebrates from northern Norway[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Benthic marine invertebrates collected from sub-Arctic regions of northern Norway, were found to be a promising source of novel bioactive compounds against human and fish pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Lyophilized material from seven species of ascidians, six sponges and one soft alcyonid coral were extracted with 60% acidified acetonitrile (ACN). After separation into an ACN-rich phase (ACN-extract) and an aqueous phase, and subsequent solid-phase extraction of the aqueous phase, fractions differing in polarity were obtained and screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities, along with the more lipophilic ACN-extracts. Antimicrobial activity was determined against two gram-negative, two gram-positive bacteria, and two strains of fungi. Notably, all the invertebrate species in the study showed activity against all four strains of bacteria and the two strains of fungi. In general, the aqueous fractions displayed highest antimicrobial activity, and the most potent extracts were obtained from the colonial ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria which displayed activity against bacteria and fungi at a concentration of 0.02 mg/ml; the lowest concentration tested.
Article: Quantitative analysis of TEGDMA and HEMA eluted into saliva from two dental composites by use of GC/MS and tailor-made internal standards[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The use of resin-based dental restorative materials is rapidly increasing, concurrently the biocompatibility of the materials is under investigation. Attention has been placed on studies addressing the cytotoxic, genotoxic and estrogenic potential of these materials. Therefore, the degree of exposure to eluted compounds from the dental materials is of high interest. The aim of this study was to assess the amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), released from two composites, eluting into human saliva. To improve the method of quantification, three tailor-made internal standards were synthesized. Specimens made from two composites (Tetric EvoCeram and Filtek Z250) were polymerized and immersed in human saliva for 24h. Eluted TEGDMA and HEMA were identified and quantified. The quantitative analyses were performed by use of combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with tailor-made internal standards synthesized by dissolving HEMA or TEGDMA in methanol and reducing the double bond of the methacrylate group by hydrogenation with 1H2 and 2H2 (D2) gas. HEMA was released from both materials, whereas TEGDMA eluted from Filtek Z250 only. Full scan GC-MS analysis of each tailor-made internal standard demonstrated one peak only, which was well separated from the corresponding analyte's peak and with no traces of HEMA or TEGDMA. The quantification method seems well suited for in vivo analysis, and the three standards synthesized represent an improved tool for quantification of the eluted monomers. The synthesis may be applied to other methacrylate monomers to produce tailor-made standards for quantification.
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ABSTRACT: This review discusses antibacterial peptides from the perspective of development into clinically useful chemotherapeutic drugs using short lactoferricin based peptides as examples. The review shows how important features for antibacterial activity can be identified and explored using the molecular properties of a range of natural and non-natural amino acids. The results have been further refined quantitatively using a "soft-modelling" approach where important structural parameters that influence the antibacterial activity of 15-residue model peptides were identified. The review describes how this knowledge is utilised to generate pharmacophores for antibacterial efficacy. These pharmacophores turn out to be surprisingly small and relatively consistent between typical Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria leading to the discovery of a novel class of short synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptides. These compounds are found to have high antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains that are resistant to commercial antibiotics, and are promising as future clinical candidates for treatment of infections caused by several clinically relevant pathogens.
Article: Total structure characterization of unsaturated acidic phospholipids provided by vicinal di-hydroxylation of fatty acid double bonds and negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In the present work, the unsaturated fatty acid substituents of some phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol species were converted to their 1,2-di-hydroxy derivatives by OsO(4). The subsequent electrospray ionization tandem low-energy mass spectrometry analysis of the deprotonated species allowed positional determination of the double bonds by the production of specific product-ions. The product-ions are formed by charge-remote and charge-proximate homolytic cleavages as well as charge-directed heterolytic cleavages and rearrangements. The commercial availability of pure species of the phospholipids in question was limited, and a number of species were therefore synthesized. The developed method was used to fully characterize the two isobaric phosphatidylglycerol species 16:0/16:1Delta(9) and 16:0/16:1Delta(10) extracted from the bacteria Methylococcus capsulatus. The presence of these fatty acids was supported by a gas-chromatography mass spectrometry investigation of the dimethyloxazoline derivatives of the species of the lipid extract. The present work demonstrates that a total structure characterization of acidic unsaturated phospholipids in isolate or in mixtures is accomplished by vicinal di-hydroxylation of olefinic sites and subsequent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the derivatized phospholipids.
Article: Vicinal hydroxylation of unsaturated fatty acids for structural characterization of intact neutral phospholipids by negative electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We report a novel method allowing the complete structural characterization of intact species of the phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine by utilizing negative electrospray ionization quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Information on the molecular weight of the intact phospholipid species, the class to which it belongs, the molecular mass of the fatty acid substituents and their regioisomerism, is easily revealed by MS/MS. Throughout our investigations the R2COO- ions were more abundant than the R1COO- ions, and this observation is used for regioisomeric assignment of the two fatty acids. However, for phospholipid species containing an unsaturated fatty acid, information on the position of the double bond is not achieved in this way. By converting the olefinic sites to their 1,2-dihydroxylated derivatives, information on the position of the hydroxyl groups (and hence of the double bond) is obtained by performing a second MS/MS experiment. Thus, a complete structural characterization of intact phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine species is obtained by performing these two MS/MS experiments. In order to ensure structural distinction of isobaric species, a number of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine species were synthesized from lyso-phosphatidylcholine and analyzed by the present method. The applicability of the method to real samples is also demonstrated by the complete structural elucidation of the two phosphatidylcholine species 16:0/18:1Delta9 and 16:0/18:1Delta11 from egg yolk.
Article: Negative electrospray ionization low-energy tandem mass spectrometry of hydroxylated fatty acids: A mechanistic study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Recently, we reported that by converting olefinic fatty acids to their saturated vicinally 1,2-di-hydroxylated derivatives, abundant ions indicative for hydroxyl group locations are produced by negative electrospray ionization low-energy tandem mass spectrometry, allowing the assignment of the olefinic site in the native fatty acid. In this report the mechanisms whereby the characteristic ions are produced are investigated. The mono-hydroxylated fatty acid, 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, served as a model for the more complex 12,13-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid, and fragmentation mechanisms accounting for the most abundant product ions generated from their deprotonated molecules are proposed. In general, three different mechanisms are proposed to operate in the formation of the observed product ions: (i) step-wise charge-remote homolytic cleavages, (ii) step-wise charge-proximate homolytic cleavages, and (iii) concerted charge-directed rearrangement reactions involving bond formation(s) and heterolytic cleavages. Support for the proposed mechanisms was achieved by investigating the deuterium- and oxygen-18-labeled isotopomers of both compounds.
Top Journals
Universitetet i Tromsø
Tromsø, Troms, Norway
- • Department of Pharmacy (IFA)
- • Faculty of Health Sciences
- • Department of Chemistry


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The shutdown means that a lot of Liberian who have traditionally thronged the beaches will be staying home a shift from the norms of the past year when many crowd the beaches and other entertainment places to celebrate
Monrovia – For the first time in years Liberians will have to do without the beaches on what is unarguably the biggest holiday in the Ebola-hit post-war nation. November 29 is the birth anniversary of Liberia's18th and longest serving president, William V.S. Tubman, which is observed as a national holiday. But this year, the Liberian government ordered all beaches operating across the country closed on November 29.
The shutdown means that a lot of Liberian who have traditionally thronged the beaches will be staying home a shift from the norms of the past year when many crowd the beaches and other entertainment places to celebrate.
Ironically, the biggest holiday of the year is set aside for Tubman, who led Liberia from his election in 1944 until his death in 1971. Tubman is regarded as the "father of modern Liberia"; his presidency was marked by attracting sufficient foreign investment to modernize the economy and infrastructure. During his tenure, Liberia experienced a period of prosperity.
He also led a policy of national unity in order to reduce the social and political differences between his fellow Americo-Liberians and the indigenous Liberians. However, during his tenure, he became increasingly authoritarian in his exercise of power. This year, according to Information Minister Isaac Jackson, the day is being contained because of the deadly Ebola outbreak as authorities look to curb the further spread of the Ebola virus.
This year, the Liberia National Police to keep surveillance at beaches across the country to apprehend violators as the government has warned against gathering at beaches in violation of the pronouncement by President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf few months ago halts large gatherings at beaches and amusement centers due to the Ebola outbreak.
The government on Wednesday by Proclamation declared Saturday, November 29, 2014, as the 119th birth Anniversary of the late President William V.S. Tubman, and is to be observed throughout Liberia as a *National Holiday. The Proclamation further orders and directs all government offices, business houses and market places to be closed during the observance from Six O'clock ante meridian to Six O'clock post meridian.
The Proclamation is in consonance with an Act of Legislature enacted at the 3rd Session of the 42nd National Legislature of Liberia, declaring the birth anniversary of Liberia's 18th President William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman (November 29, 2014) of each year as a National Holiday in keeping with the will of the Liberian people.
According to a Foreign Ministry release, the Proclamation is in recognition of his productive and meaningful services and policies, including the Open Door Policy, the National Unification and Integration Policy, the granting of suffrages to Liberian women as well as the policies on all social, economic development nationwide and his contributions to the emancipation of African colonial territories into self-governing statehood.
The Proclamation further declared that the celebration is in consideration of the numerous contribution, profound changes and lasting compliments made by President Tubman during his administration as the 18th President of the Republic of Liberia, the people, desirous of showing their deep appreciation, esteem and approval for his outstanding, noble and remarkable leadership, did petition and request the National Legislature of the Nation to issue permanent record of their sentiments in honor of his birth for posterity.

subset: commoncrawl


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This week I had a doctor visit at the HealthPartner Clinic for the annual physical exam. And I learned something new.
At the check-in, I was given a brochure by the receptionist. I didn't pay attention to it because I found some more interesting materials to read in the waiting room.
After I was called in by the nurse and after she was finished with the initial exam, I was left alone in the room to change and to wait for my doctor.
It was a long wait. I had finished reading the whole magazine and the doctor still didn't show up. Not knowing what's going on, I got inpatient.
Dressed in my hospital gown, I opened the door, stuck my head out and asked the nurse standing in the hallway where the doctor was.
A few minutes later, my doctor finally came. She apologized for the delay because she had to do something for the other patient. That's OK with me as long as I was told what's going on.
The doctor did a few manual exams here and there on my body. She asked if I had any concerns. I did.
I have had shoulder, neck and back pain on and off. They come and go. So I asked the doctor about it. She advised me to take Ibuprofen whenever I have the pain. I said I was not interested in the pain medication. I was not concerned about the pain, but I was concerned about the cause of the pain. I didn't want to take pain medication to not feel the pain. Pain medication doesn't solve the problem for me, it only covers it up. Then my doctor said I should do physical therapy. She didn't say anything about what I could do to prevent shoulder, neck and back pain.
I also asked the doctor about any effective treatment for nail fungus that doesn't have any side effects like the oral medication has. She mentioned laser treatment. Then she left the room to let me change.
After I finished changing and while I was waiting for the doctor to come up, I picked up the brochure to read because I had nothing else to do. I was glad I did.
The brochure was about preventive care visits and billing. It says when patients come in for the annual preventive care visit, if they also discuss with their physician a medical issue unrelated to their annual exam and the physician spends extra time to talk about and assess other concerns, it is considered as two distinct services in one visit and as the result the physician will bill twice, one for the routine preventive care visit and one for the illness related office visit. The process is known as split billing. In this situation, the patient is responsible for paying a copay and/or deductible related to the "non-preventive" portion of the visit.
Immediately, this raised a red flag in my mind. Because I did ask my doctor about two concerns unrelated to the preventive care, I could be billed for it and have to pay copay and deductible.
When my doctor came back, I asked her about the billing. She hesitated a little bit and said she won't do split billing because she didn't spend a lot of extra time.
I wondered whether the result would be different if I had not asked her about the billing and if I had not waited for her for a long time. The time I spent waiting for her was a lot longer than the time she spent with me for the visit.
So here is the new thing I learned.
During the annual physical visit, when the doctor asks what concerns I have. I am supposed to keep my mouth shut and not discuss any concerns I might have.
My question is, why do physicians ask patients about their concerns? They should stop asking: "Do you have any concerns?" It feels like a set up now.
I have been thinking about changing my doctor since this last doctor visit. I wanted to find someone who
- doesn't rush in and out the room,
- is interested in dealing with the causes of any issues I have than just prescribing medications to deal with the symptoms,
- is more knowledgeable about alternative medicine,
- does a better job caring for the patients.
Today I paid a visit to Weili Shen's Acupuncture Woodbury. I had always wanted to try acupuncture, but never did before.
My first acupuncture visit was great. I will definitely go back and intend to continue in the years to come.
I believe acupuncture will do a better job in preventing and healing a lot of medical concerns. Even if you don't have any concerns, acupuncture can still be good for your overall health and well-being. Any it doesn't have any side effects.
BTW, if anyone has a recommendation for any good family doctor in Woodbury, please let me know.
If anyone needs a recommendation for an acupuncturist or orthodontist, I would recommend the following:
Weili Shen – Acupuncture Woodbury
She started practice in Woodbury only four years ago, but has already gained loyalty of patients some of whom have to pay out of their own pockets to visit her.
Read a related article about her and acupuncture.
Dr. Robert E. Eng – Mendota Heights Orthodontics
He is my son's orthodontist with offices in Mendota Heights and St. Paul. He has the honesty, integrity and trustworthiness that I often don't feel in other doctors.
Last week I visited Dr. Eng with my son who the dentist said needed braces. After the visual exam, Dr. Eng told me, my son could benefit from braces, but he doesn't necessarily have to have braces. It was up to me to decide. I like him for putting patient's interest first instead of his own interest.
I mentioned Dr. Eng in a previous article.


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20 St Stephens Avenue - Open Garden for NGS
The front of number 20 is planted in the St Albans colours of yellow and blue. Wildlife pond and colour themed borders divide up the back garden. Architectural plants, specimen trees and clematis frame succulents on the round lawn. Through the arch are new beds of shade loving perennials, late summer display, and burgundy border.
Open for charity.
20 St Stephens Avenue, Hertfordshire AL3 4AD
Sunday 1 Jul 2012


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Prison Pipeline on 07/29/13
Veterans for Peace Vigil - Stop the Force-Feeding, Close Guantánamo
Join the Veterans for Peace Vigil Monday-Friday, 4:00-6:00 pm at Portland City Hall, 1221 SW 4th Avenue
Karen James interviews Viet Nam veteran S. Brian Willson, Tom Hastings, Jenika, Tom Horner and other Veterans For Peace at their vigil in solidarity with the uncharged Guantánamo prisoners. In February some prisoners began a hunger strike to protest conditions and indefinite confinement at the U.S. base in Cuba and some are being force-fed by tubes forced into their nostrils and then down into their stomachs. Eighty-six of the 166 men held at Guantánamo have been cleared for release. People around the country are participating in hunger strikes to bring attention to the plight of the prisoners at Guantánamo who have been illegally detained for over ten years with little recourse. Veterans for Peace demand President Obama take immediate action to release the prisoners and close the prison.
The Grotesque Injustice of Guantánamo: An Insiders' Account
August 1st, 7:00 PM, First Unitarian Church of Portland
Speakers include Steven T. Wax, Laura Sandow, S. Brian Willson.
Sponsored by by the Veterans For Peace Portland Chapter 72 and the First Unitarian Church Economic Justice Action Group and others.


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17 December 2012
Photo: Giampiero SpositoAndreas Seppi (ITA)
The Davis Cup by BNP Paribas World Group first round tie between Italy and Croatia has been moved to a bigger venue in Turin.
The Federazione Italiana Tennis has decided to move its clash with the 2005 Davis Cup champions to the Palavela, which holds 2,500 more spectators than the previous location – the Palaruffini.
Originally built for the Italia '61 Exposition, the Palavela was given a facelift for the figure skating and short track speed skating events at the 2006 Winter Olympic Games. The venue tends to host more winter sports but has held various basketball events, including the 2008-09 Eurocup.
The Palavela also has iconic film status, after three Minis drove over its distinctive roof in the 1969 movie The Italian Job.
Italy and Croatia have met on two previous occasions, with the latter coming out on top both times despite the encounters being close-fought affairs. The most recent match-up came in 2008 when Mario Ancic defeated Simone Bolelli in the decisive fifth rubber.
Italy kept their place in the World Group after Andreas Seppi led them to victory over Chile in September's play-offs with a little help from Fabio Fognini. The Italians might have a proud history in the competition but they have not won a World Group tie since 1998 when they went all the way to the final.
Croatia will be competing in the World Group for the fifth straight year and looking to build on their run to the quarterfinals in 2012, when they were defeated by Argentina at Parque Roca. The tie in Italy will mark their fourth consecutive away trip having won on the road against South Africa and Japan before the loss in Buenos Aires.
1 Feb 2013 - 3 Feb 2013
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John Isner is looking forward to returning to Melbourne when
The Davis Cup by BNP Paribas Asia/Oceania Zone Group I first
Fans on social media vote for their favourite shot in both
Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club, the former home of the Australian
The ITF has confirmed all the venues for the 2016 Davis Cup by
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The article analyses crisis communication and media relations of the Department of Information of the President of Russia for years 2000-2004 during the counterterrorist operation in Chechen Republic. The findings are based on official documents and media messages.
Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later.


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10 Steps to Pick the Right Doctor
Whether you need a primary care doctor or a specialist, these 10 steps will ensure you find the right doctor for you. View Slideshow
Dr. Burnette Jr.'s Experience
- Neuroradiology
Board Certifications
- Diagnostic Radiology
- Neuroradiology
Procedures Dr. Burnette Jr. Performs
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Background Check for Dr. Burnette Jr.
0 Malpractice Claims
- No malpractice history found for California.
- No sanctions history found for the years that Healthgrades collects data.
0 Board Actions
- No board actions found for the years that Healthgrades collects data.
Awards & Recognitions
Education & Training
Medical School
- Vanderbilt University
- Graduated in 1987
Internship Hospital
- Vanderbilt U
Residency Hospital
- Naval Medical Center
Fellowship Hospital
- U Oreg/Hlth Scis U, Portland
Languages Spoken by Dr. Burnette Jr. & Staff
- English


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Do you guess I have some intricate purpose?
Well I have, for the Fourth-month showers have, and the mica
On the side of a rock has.
Going back and forth with his egotism and humbleness, Whitman wants to express that he is, in fact, important. He is important in the way that rain is important and in the way that minerals on the surface on a rock are important.We are all important because we all serve some smaller purpose which creates and connects our universe.
Improve the quality of Song of Myself by leaving a suggestion at the bottom of the page


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Stayed at the Greenbrier 1/6-1/8/12 for the wife's birthday weekend along with her parents and our 2 daughters. Just like last year, once you enter the parking lot of the Greenbrier you experience 1st class service! We were given a 2br suite on the 3rd floor that was second to none...thanks Casino host!
We ate the first night at Draper's and I would definatley recommend the shrimp w/ grits.
Second night was at Prime 44 and everything there is top notch. Breakfast each morning in the main dining room, excellent variety.
Golf course was beautiful as we were lucky to have a 55 degree day.
Casino was gracious at times as I only play a table game...been to alot of casinos thru out and the slots here are tight as tight. Please visit Tammy on Roulette as she is one of the nicest dealers you can come across.
Thanks Greenbrier for the 1st class weekend!


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Op-Eds & Articles
Better Living through Government Mandate?
Smith Article from the Journal of the American Mining Congress
Full article available in pdf format.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
Technology—or rather government-favored technology—has gained favor among <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Washington politicos and activists. Technology, these activists seem to believe, makes it possible to mandate almost anything—recycling, energy efficiency, sustainable development, pollution prevention, industrial safety, mine site restoration, reduced pesticide residues—without worrying about economic or technical feasibility.


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Economy & Business
Economy & Business
In a way this China slowdown may turn out to be a positive step for world economy since China by virtue of running huge trade surpluses with most major economies was no contributing to growth of most economies. But was rather indirectly responsible for recent slowdown in many economies. This slowdown in Chinese economy might temporarily impact growth in commodities exporting countries which may be later picked by other growth regions (lets be realistic China is a mere 12% of world economy and still much smaller than the size of US or Euro-zone economy) but will also help re-balance global economy in a more equitable way by shifting manufacturing and consumption (artificially depressed for Chinese consumers for last few decades) according to fair economic principles. In the end all economies stand to gain from China slowdown except for China itself and who knows this may help on more broader issues such as belligerent China trying to grab whatever land, sea or sky it can lay its claim on by intimidating other peace loving world citizens.
Indonesia Real Time provides analysis and insight into the region, which includes Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Brunei. Contact the editors at firstname.lastname@example.com.
The good, the bad and the so-so policy moves and economic swings that impacted Indonesia this week.
The head of one of Indonesia's largest investment companies, Peter Sondakh says he's selling off stakes in his palm oil plantation in the hope of moving toward processing, refining and trading.
E-commerce sites and mobile apps are drawing on data they've collected from users to better understand how and when people shop during the Islamic holy month. Here's a look at some of what they've discovered.
All that burning rubbish in Indonesia may be taking its toll, with nearly a quarter of people surveyed in a recent poll saying waste management was the most prominent environmental issue in the country.
Indonesia needs to build up its power and transportation capacity to create jobs and grow the economy in the coming years – and it's relying on a lot of foreign investment to do so.


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The Masahiro Tanaka saga is over.
The prized Japanese pitcher signed with the New York Yankees on Wednesday morning, as first reported by Fox Sports' Ken Rosenthal.
BREAKING: Tanaka to #Yankees, seven years, $155M, opt-out after fourth year.
— Ken Rosenthal (@Ken_Rosenthal) January 22, 2014
According to Rosenthal, Tanaka's contract with the Yankees is the fifth-highest for a pitcher.
[RELATED: White Sox GM Rick Hahn on Tanaka: We're being aggressive]
The Cubs and White Sox were in the mix for Tanaka until the pitcher ultimately decided on the Yankees.
Stay with CSNChicago.com for more on this developing story.


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Cambrian Insurance is an independent general insurance brokerage that offers a full range of property and casualty insurance products. If you are looking for automobile, property or business insurance, we provide complete service and competitive rates from numerous national and international insurers. As we are privately owned, our only interest is you!
We have posted a link below with information on GM vehicles that are involved in a recall.
... Read More
She will be participating in the Bridges to Community volunteer program. In January, Kimberley w... Read More
"Helpful, Professional, Efficient. At Cambrian Insurance, the brokers make all the difference. They handle my business and personal needs. I've used others in the past, but prefer Cambrian because I have received exceptional service and attention."


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Princess Cadence Phone Case by PrinceOfRageWatch
©2013-2016 PrinceOfRage
I take one, and a backpack to hold it too...
It's designed to fit comfortable in your hand. It can also fit easily into most purses.
Okay, maybe but it just looks so bulky... I mean it looks nice. But if I'm to but a cover for my phone i don't want it to make it double the thickness of it. I can see it as something cool to have on the shelf but in my eyes it's just too impractical.
Really Nice!
Wow, this is so Lavish!
So pretty <3
If I had something so extravagant on my phone I would be afraid of hurting the case HAHAHA!!!
If I had something so extravagant on my phone I would be afraid of hurting the case HAHAHA!!!
<_< I ask too many questions, BUT THIS IS JUST GORGEOUS, my best friends looking to make a pair of glasses like this to go with her lolita junk, is there a specific place that you get your gaudy bling?
That would never fit in my pocket.
Why would you put it there? This wants to be shown off! XD Nevermind inconveniences!
oh my god that so beautiful
want xD
Thanks! I'm hoping to offer custom decoden in commissions would I improve my skills and get more practice.
I would love to take a commission from you but I don't either have enough money nor points :c
and I guess you won't take trades since I can only draw
for now B)
Holy sweet mother of... That is a LOT of pink. I pity the poor person it pokes through the pants.
That is really cute!


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Beyoncé, one of the biggest female artists of all time, is set to light up the North East in the summer following the announcement of her hotly-anticipated world tour.
There is now an annual £25 charge for the fortnightly collections of garden waste which start in March 2016.
Something for everyone in Arts Centre Washington's spring season.
"Our Journey" sets out how the Combined Authority intends to deliver its ambition "to provide affordable, attractive, reliable, safe, healthy transport choices for businesses, residents and visitors while enhancing the environment".
Sunderland City Council recognises the need to improve the look and feel of the city centre.
A fascinating display of oil paintings, watercolours, drawings and prints from the city's collection illustrating how Sunderland has developed from the 1700s up to the present day.
Click 'Go ›' below to find a range of local services and facilities
Read the Leader of the Council's latest blogs
through fostering or adoption
We're transforming Sunderland. Find out more
Find out more (and tell us what you think) about the website


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OTM Louie's Shorts
The shorts have a small pocket on the hip good for your mouth guard and some cash. OTM Fight Shorts are made for hard-core training. Every angle has been covered to make a long lasting great looking short. The fabric is made out of a mechanical stretch material that will not tear. Every seam is double or triple stitched with reinforcements on all the important spots. The shorts tie shut with an inner draw string a double Velcro closure keep the pants on at all times and secure a great fit.
OTM Shorts - Blank / Sm Logo
Featuring the OTM logo.
Built to Fight Republic of MMA T-Shirt
Sublimated logo on 100% Premium White, or Grey Vapor Tee
Built to Fight - Kaos Fight Shorts
On Sale!!
Built to Fight - Leather Speed Bag
The speed bag is a very important piece of boxing equipment and in order to work properly it must be balanced, so it will rebound properly allowing you to develop your skills of timing, speed, and endurance. We have taken extra measures to improve the bag's balance. Polished rivets, laser cut panels, and high quality latex balder make this a pro quality speed bag that is designed to last.


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Simona de Silvestro makes Formula 1 debut with Sauber
|By Pablo Elizalde
|Saturday, April 26th 2014, 16:55 GMT
Simona de Silvestro made her Formula 1 debut on Saturday, testing a Sauber at Ferrari's Fiorano circuit
You have viewed over 15 free stories this month. Why stop there? Click here to find out how to continue reading.


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MiniMedia Hotels Russia
by: Appy Hotel | 0
by: Appy Hotel | 0
Russian Hotels app. Get all you hotel information before you arrive, check out their services, promotions as well as local attractions and events. During your stay use the application for room service as well as interactive map with geopositioning to plan your movement around the city.
Free - V4.2.0 - 6M


text: The Complete Shorter Fiction of Virginia Woolf : Second Edition by Virginia Woolf ISBN-13/ EAN: 9780156212502 ISBN-10: 0156212501 Pages: 360 Publication Date: 06/01/1989 Carton Quantity: 44 About the Book About the Author Woolf continually used stories and sketches to experiment with narrative models and themes for her novels. This collection of nearly fifty pieces brings together the contents of two published volumes, A Haunted House and Mrs. Dalloway's Party; a number of uncollected stories; and several previously unpublished pieces. Edited and with an Introduction by Susan Dick. Subjects Classics Short Stories (single author) Related Subjects Classics Virginia Woolf VIRGINIA WOOLF (1882–1941) was one of the major literary figures of the twentieth century. An admired literary critic, she authored many essays, letters, journals, and short stories in addition to her groundbreaking novels. Read More Other Books By The Author Essays of Virginia Woolf, Vol. 4, 1925-1928 Buy Now The Waves Buy Now Virginia Woolf Reader Buy Now To the Lighthouse Buy Now Three Guineas Buy Now A Room of One's Own Buy Now Roger Fry Buy Now Passionate Apprentice Buy Now Orlando Buy Now Mrs. Dalloway Buy Now You May Also Enjoy The Things They Carried Tim O'Brien Buy Now The Color Purple Alice Walker Buy Now Mrs. Dalloway Virginia Woolf Buy Now


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Any suggestions on where to start looking for a set of fenders for a 2008 Trek 7300 hybrid? I want to put a set on Monica's Trek so she can ride this winter without all the slop all over her and the bike. Thanks for any advise in advance.
Any suggestions on where to start looking for a set of fenders for a 2008 Trek 7300 hybrid? I want to put a set on Monica's Trek so she can ride this winter without all the slop all over her and the bike. Thanks for any advise in advance.
"I can do all things through Christ, who strengthens me"
Hi Bill,
I'm happy with the Planet Bike Cascadia Hybrid: http://ecom1.planetbike.com/7056.html
They installed Without any challenges, look good and cover well.
When I ride my bike I feel free and happy and strong. I'm liberated from the usual nonsense of day to day life. Solid, dependable, silent, my bike is my horse, my fighter jet, my island, my friend. Together we will conquer that hill and thereafter the world.
Thanks much for the lead, I will look at these closer, seem to be what she is wanting, to me.
"I can do all things through Christ, who strengthens me"
Sorry, I can't offer suggestions on brands... But: When I bought my 2012 Trek DS I told the LBS I wanted it to have fenders. So, he took over and ordered them and installed them (which was far more difficult that Trek had advertised ("Fender Ready" -- yeh, right!) -- he even had to replace the FD with a side-pull to get them on...
But, I can attest to their efficacy: Riding my road bike on limestone Rails-to-Trails meant I have to give the bike a complete bath every 50 - 75 miles. And, when it was wet, I had to give myself one as well because the limestone sand made a trail up my back and into my hair. Me and the bike were just filthy dirty.
But, the DS with its fenders stays incredibly clean -- and so do I!
The manager of the LBS is an avid cyclist who rides every weekend and often commutes to work. As he was installing them he asked:
"Do you know what they call fenders?"
... "No?"
........ Common Sense!
I know that they add weight and are not terribly practical for MTB -- but for non-racing style cycling, they are great! I do not understand the bias against them.
bikes: 1992 Cannondale R500, 2012 Trek DS 8.5, 2008 LeMond Poprad
I've got a set of 45mm Planet Bike fenders that I'd be willing to trade for pretty much anything cool. Did I mention they are YELLOW?
I put the 38mm Planet Bike fenders on my '07 Giant Cypress. They should fit the Trek 7300. I almost got that bike, I really liked it, but I settled for the Cypress because I had two other Giants. I needed fenders for my commuter ride and they do a really good job.
REI.com has a large selection and everything is 20% off right now. The $20 lifetime membership is the world's best deal.
Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving. Albert Einstein
2016 Additions: 1981 Miyata 1000, 1981 Schwinn Voyageur 11.8 chrome
I think some of the best fenders made right now can be found at VeloOrange. http://store.velo-orange.com/index.p...ender_width=71
Be it the Honjo smooth or the VO hammered fenders, they are very cool looking.
A conclusion is the place where you got tired of thinking. - S. Wright
Favorite rides in the stable: Indy Fab CJ Ti - Colnago MXL - S-Works Roubaix - Habanero Team Issue - Jamis Eclipse carbon/831
I installed a set of SKS Plastichrome P45 fenders on my hybrid. I added an SKS rubber mudflap thingie to the front fender, to increase the protection for my feet. These were one of the best accessories I have ever purchased for the bike. This was after I had ridden the GAP trail in the rain and got completely coated in limestone grit. It helped kill my chain, too.
I had them on for the New Year's Day Icicle Bicycle Tour around the city. The roads were wet from earlier rainfall. The only people without skunk stripes were the folks with fenders. I love 'em - they look Freddy, but that's part of the charm.
If I were doing it again, I'd buy SKS Longboards.
I have a set of these http://www.wallbike.com/berthoud/fen...-steel-fenders for my Trek 520 tourer when I run 32 or 28 tires for over the road. I consider these to be the finest fenders you can buy off the rack, bar none. They may, or may not, take a bit of custom drilling to fit.
I also have a set of these,http://www.jensonusa.com/SKS-P45-Fenders with which I rode the C&O/GAP a few years ago, also the Trek 520, but with 37mm Continental Top Contact tires. We had three days of rain on the seven day Adventure Cycling trip. I never looked like a skunk.
Last edited by Monoborracho; 10-03-12 at 07:54 PM.
I should have stated in the OP her 7300 has the damnable front suspension RST forks and it has V-brakes. I am adding these variables into the equation while I look so I don't order and receive a set of fenders I cannot use. if it were me I would put a regular CX fork on the Trek and be done with things. She likes this bike a lot, she knows bikes well, has ridden a century and would cut my cajones off if I did the fork transplant. Not much in that dept but I would like to keep what I have, never wanted to sing soprano as a castrati.
"I can do all things through Christ, who strengthens me"
Does your fork have an arch above the tire with a mounting point for the fender? This allows the use of regular full length fenders.
Last edited by Barrettscv; 10-05-12 at 02:17 PM.
When I ride my bike I feel free and happy and strong. I'm liberated from the usual nonsense of day to day life. Solid, dependable, silent, my bike is my horse, my fighter jet, my island, my friend. Together we will conquer that hill and thereafter the world.
I rode yesterday with a guy who was riding a Trek 7500 (just different components from the 7300), with suspension fork, etc.
His bike was equipped with the Bontrager Interchange Nebula fenders.
My two favorite things in life are libraries and bicycles. They both move people forward without wasting anything.
The perfect day: Riding a bike to the library.Peter Golkin
Lucky for me, I work at a library and bike to work.
I bought "hybrid" fenders from a bike shop. they also sell "mountain bike" fenders.
cycling is like baseball ~ it doesn't take much to make it interesting
Her Trek has the arch I just need to consider all the variables when I order something. Thanks for the input, all.
"I can do all things through Christ, who strengthens me"
I really like my SKS fenders. I got them in silver (with the black stripes) and they match up nicely with my silver frame with black trim (handlebar, fork and rims). I'll post a photo tomorrow.
Thanks for the gouge on the RST fork set and fender mounting Altair, Her fork is as you described for your set. I have several boxes of various grade and material bolts and screws from our MX racing days as well as a Dremel tool and bits. Sounds like something I might consider. Going to let her pick form several types this weekend and order some for her. Appreciate everyone's help and input, very much.
"I can do all things through Christ, who strengthens me"
I hope this helps: here is a shop drawing I got from an RST catalog and a photo of the front fender installation:
Last edited by Altair 4; 10-06-12 at 03:31 PM.
(Almost) final product; the mudflap isn't installed on the front fender in this shot:


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|http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/ A service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine®
Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome is a rare condition characterized by severe thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) and eye abnormalities that lead to vision loss. In people with this condition, osteoporosis is usually recognized in early childhood. It is caused by a shortage of minerals, such as calcium, in bones (decreased bone mineral density), which makes the bones brittle and prone to fracture. Affected individuals often have multiple bone fractures, including in the bones that form the spine (vertebrae). Multiple fractures can cause collapse of the affected vertebrae (compressed vertebrae), abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine (scoliosis), short stature, and limb deformities. Decreased bone mineral density can also cause softening or thinning of the skull (craniotabes).
Most affected individuals have impaired vision at birth or by early infancy and are blind by young adulthood. Vision problems are usually caused by one of several eye conditions, grouped together as pseudoglioma, that affect the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (the retina), although other eye conditions have been identified in affected individuals. Pseudogliomas are so named because, on examination, the conditions resemble an eye tumor known as a retinal glioma.
Rarely, people with osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome have additional signs or symptoms such as mild intellectual disability, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), abnormally flexible joints, or seizures.
Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome is a rare disorder that occurs in approximately 1 in 2 million people.
Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome is caused by mutations in the LRP5 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that participates in a chemical signaling pathway that affects the way cells and tissues develop. In particular, the LRP5 protein helps regulate bone mineral density and plays a critical role in development of the retina.
LRP5 gene mutations that cause osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome prevent cells from making any LRP5 protein or lead to a protein that cannot function. Loss of this protein's function disrupts the chemical signaling pathways that are needed for the formation of bone and for normal retinal development, leading to the bone and eye abnormalities characteristic of osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome.
Changes in this gene are associated with osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome.
Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the LRP5 gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. However, some carriers may have decreased bone mineral density.
These resources address the diagnosis or management of osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome and may include treatment providers.
You might also find information on the diagnosis or management of osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome in Educational resources and Patient support.
General information about the diagnosis (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/diagnosis) and management (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/treatment) of genetic conditions is available in the Handbook. Read more about genetic testing (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/testing), particularly the difference between clinical tests and research tests (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/testing/researchtesting).
To locate a healthcare provider, see How can I find a genetics professional in my area? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/findingprofessional) in the Handbook.
You may find the following resources about osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome helpful. These materials are written for the general public.
You may also be interested in these resources, which are designed for healthcare professionals and researchers.
For more information about naming genetic conditions, see the Genetics Home Reference Condition Naming Guidelines (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/ConditionNameGuide) and How are genetic conditions and genes named? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/mutationsanddisorders/naming) in the Handbook.
Ask the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard).
autosomal ; autosomal recessive ; bone mineral density ; calcium ; cell ; disability ; gene ; glioma ; hypotonia ; inherited ; juvenile ; mineral ; muscle tone ; osteogenesis ; osteoporosis ; protein ; pseudoglioma ; recessive ; retina ; scoliosis ; short stature ; stature ; syndrome ; tissue ; tumor
You may find definitions for these and many other terms in the Genetics Home Reference Glossary.
The resources on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Users seeking information about a personal genetic disease, syndrome, or condition should consult with a qualified healthcare professional. See How can I find a genetics professional in my area? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/findingprofessional) in the Handbook.


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Pack of 5 Cream Flocked Hangers
Item Added to Basket
Pack of 5 Cream Flocked Hangers is rated out of 5 by 2.
Rated 4 out of 5 by Manda from Lightweight hangers These hangers are lightweight and do exactly what you would want a hanger to do. The flocking ensures the clothes stay where you put them, even silks stay on the hanger. I have now replaced all my bulky plastic hangers with these flocked one and I have a lot more space in my wardrobe. The hangers are a little thin and therefore very bendy so be careful when purchasing as some may be broken in transit, however once they are hung with clothes they hold their shape very well.
Date published: 2014-07-23
Rated 5 out of 5 by Seaside nana from I have replaced all my wardrobe ! These are fantastic for saving space in your wardrobe. I got rid of all my other hangers, and at last I have a tidy closet with plenty of room.
Date published: 2014-06-27


text:
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Director of Fundraising, Athens, GA
How I want to make a difference:
Making a difference one dog at a time!
"Rescues Rock" a team...
Donations in support of designated Charitable Causes are received and receipted by Razoo Foundation, a registered 501(c)(3) charity that operates a donor advised fund to fulfill donor advisements.


text:
Spider-mans by RenneeWatch
©2009-2016 Rennee
Is this going to be as official art? It needs to be featured somewhere, this is amazing.
This is amazing!!
Wow this is amazing!
Excellent match up!
WOW this is crazy good. Amazing job, spectacular even.
love this!!!
Dude, your skills are AMAZING, SPECTACULAR, SENSATIONAL...you get my drift! What prog did you use to paint this?? How long did it take? Would love to hear your artistic method as it would give a novice as I into the inner workings of a true genius!! Thanks!
Thanks friend! Really appreciate the link to The Round Tablet - look forward to your next pieces and your tutorials - keep up the exceptional work! It's really benchmark work by which to measure own own aspirations!!
Spider men
very nice!!!
great work.
i got traditional spidey winning. nice colors!!
omg xD awsome man
Ben Reilly's officially back. Marvel has a new series going on
Yay! Scarlett Spider! They need to bring him back....
Great work!
Great work!
yeah, they cant let it go
If I had my way, I'd bring the comeback for him! Make a storyline that this new Scarlet Spider was a previous clone to the one we know and love.
ja actually it's SPIDERMEN
Wow! Stunning work,I love it.
Cara, esse desenho ficou legal pra caramba, hein!!! Faz tempo que não vejo o Aranha Escarlate(os anos 90 foram melhores para os quadrinhos).
nice work! great lighting and background too!
I think Spidey's left shoulder could use some visual of the muscle from his neck/back that leads to the shoulder to make it less odd, but otherwise.... wow
Spectacular!! Amazing and sensational work!! LOL
Cool; I loved Ben Reilly!
Simply wow.
Please tell us you're sending a portfolio to Marvel, please.
I would love to see your stuff as covers.
Please tell us you're sending a portfolio to Marvel, please.
I would love to see your stuff as covers.
Since my young age, I'm always been a Spiderman fans, and believe me, this is from far the most incredible fanart I have ever seen! D8
Hate to nitpick a great picture, but should it not be Spider-men or at least Spider-mans?
Ahh, who cares? Great work.
Ahh, who cares? Great work.
Oh, yes! Original Spiderman versus scrlet Spiderman...
wow very cool. spider man is so muscular!!!
Muito bom véi!!
Woah! This is awesome.
Ben is Back!!!!!
Wow! Good to see ol' Ben Reilly again! (Granted, I hated the original Clone Saga; the "Ultimate Spider-Man" version made much more sense).
Very nice work!
Very nice work!
Wow!0_0 incredible work !
good job!
looks awesome mate
This is excellent! I always liked the Scarlet Spider.


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Fox's Funny Farm
Chiquian 8988 IMPZ98
True Black, 809556, Full Bolivian
Are you looking for true black? If so, Chiquian is your girl. Not only is she true black, as her photos show, Chiquian also has great conformation. Chiquian has a very strong personality. She is the queen of the pasture.Chiquian has thrown silver grey when bred to silver grey and twice thrown true black when bred to true black. Her 2006 cria is a Dark Silver female, Snowy Mae, is just fabulous with fiber soft as butter and a sweet disposition. Chiquian is scheduled to be bred to NWA, LTD Accoyo's Goldsmith for a 2008 cria.
Revelation will be standing stud at S&L Alpacas in Ohio beginning June 1, 2009! Don't miss your chance to get a Revelation cria on the ground in 2010.Revelation's first cria is on the ground! SHE is a traditional rose grey out of a medium brown dam. His second cria is another GIRL and is silver grey to boot out of a black dam.Revelation's skin biopsy is in and we couldn't be happier.Ian Watt did a biopsy on Revelation and he had this to say: "You will find the results quite satisfactory!" and also "These figures represent a SUPERIOR silver grey male in todays grey population!" Follicle Density: 54.01 follicles/mm S/P 9.5:1 Revelation received the highest fleece score of all greys at '08 Nationals, composite class where he took a blue ribbon.Revelation is a stunning full Peruvian light silver grey herd sire. A judge commented that Revelation is one of only a couple "true" silver grey alpacas he had ever seen.
Listed by Christine Fox & Michael Sydello of Bernie, MO
We are so excited about this little girl. She is medium silver grey with a gorgeous white face. Her fleece is so crimpy and dense we can't wait for it to grow out some and to show her. Her legs are straight as an arrow and dental bite is right on the mark. She is feisty too.Her mother is a full Bolivian import and her sire is full Peruvian. Her sire is Legend's Peruvian Revelation of KPR. Revelation received the highest fleece score of all greys at '08 Nationals, composite class where he took a blue ribbon. His fleece is amazing in crimp and color.So we have great hopes for Calamity.If you would like a cria kiss from Calamity............Here is a link to a video of Calamity! (you will have to copy & paste into your browser address bar)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v....*Not for sale at this time
Make An Offer
Click to Enlarge
I love my sister!!


text:
This is an attachment for the post Cascade Brewing Introduces "Apple Pie" Beer
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Find a show or venue
Order by phone
Your independent guide to the best shows in Omaha
409 South 16th Street, Omaha, NE 68101
Ended 11 Mar 2012 after 5 days
Deliriously entertaining!
Take a look here to see if Rock of Ages is showing somewhere nearby
Becca Kotte - Sherrie
Justin Mortelliti - Drew
Jon Robert Hall - Stacee Jaxx
Mark Shunock - Lonny
Troy Burgess - Dennis
Dane Biren - Franz
Markesha McCoy - Justice/Mother
Tiffany Engen - Regina/Candi/Dance Captain
Robert Torti - Hertz
Please note that casting is subject to change.
Director - Kristin Hanggi
Choreography - Kelly Devine
Scenic Design - Beowulf Boritt
Costume Design - Gregory Gale
Lighting Design - Jason Lyons
Sound Design - Walter Trarbach
Projection Design - Zachary Borovay
Music Supervision, Arrangements and Orchestrations - Ethan Popp
Original Arrangements - David Gibbs
Book - Chris D'Arienzo
48 reviews, average rating: (3.4 Stars)
What a great show last night! The cast was excellent, production was great... more
Fun Funny Lighthearted Loved the music! (I sang along on every song)... more
Rumor: "Rock Of Ages Is THE BEST"
I have been watching musical theater my whole life, seen all the classics a... more
Please note: The term Orpheum Theatre and/or Rock of Ages as well as all associated graphics, logos, and/or other tradermarks, tradenames or copyrights are the property of the Orpheum Theatre and/or Rock of Ages and are used herein for factual descriptive purposes only. We are in no way associated with or authorized by the Orpheum Theatre and/or Rock of Ages and neither that entity nor any of its affiliates have licensed or endorsed us to sell tickets, goods and or services in conjunction with their events.


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There was a person that I used to be. That person was a cheater, liar, mean and hateful, spiteful and vengeful, and all kinds of other things. I was not a good anything. I was going through life selfishly worrying about what I needed.
Enter Christ, stage left.
I came to Christ at a very low point in my life. And since getting a new start by becoming a Christian and putting all my faith into Jesus, I have been able to walk a new path.
Yet, some still doubt my change. They believe that who I am is still who I was. I was made new in Christ. I am not that girl who hurt people. I am not that girl who intentionally is bad. I still make mistakes. I still trip up and falter on the path I'm on. I'm human. I'm allowed to. By God's good grace and mercy I am able to repent and truly try to walk faithfully again.
There are times when the devil will approach me in human form, trying to bring my past back up. Trying to say, God remembers all your mistakes, all your dirt, and all you've ever done.
Devil, you may try to use people to remind me of who I was, but God will let them see who I am now. The devil is a liar and will try to confuse your thoughts to make you think you're not worthy. He will use people to make you think that the dark spots in your life are there permanently, or hidden underneath a certain false facade. But you better know, like I know, we are made clean in the blood of Christ. He didn't die for us that we may be depressed about our circumstances. We are not to dwell on who we were. Sure, we don't forget where we came from, but rejoice in the new person you are in Christ.
When the world wants to remind you of a past that isn't perfect, remember this:
God made you perfect. Perfect for your purpose. He is still molding you. He is the potter. You are the clay. Remember that you don't live for the world. You live for God. You don't live for the people who want to trip you up on what you once were. Be reminded and comforted that the Lord has cast your sins as far from the east is from the west. Your sins are forgotten and you are forgiven by God. People may not forgive you, but are they the ones who are blessing you abundantly? Are they pouring out blessings from the Windows of heaven for all you do for God's kingdom? No, right?
So pick your head up, child. You are loved by an awesome, merciful God. He's the one you need to please. You can talk to people about how you've changed but nothing speaks louder than actions. Don't waste your breath trying to convince unbelievers of who you are in Christ. Just live right, live for God and glorify Him in all you do.
I'm glad you knew the person I was back then and all that I was. You can and will see the difference in who I am now. And even if you don't, I know who I am in Christ who strengthens me, and I don't need your approval. I am a kings daughter. His approval is all I need ever again… the rest will follow accordingly.
So if you think it hurts to tell me who I was, well, it just reminds how far I've come in my walk… and I laugh and smile because I'm truly filled with joy.
Don't let anyone steal your joy. You are blessed and fearfully and wonderfully made by God. That's enough to know that the opinion of men is the least of your worries.
God bless you all, and be encouraged that God is amazing and can do great things with even the least of us.
Athena ❤


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The Supreme Council Website Award is judged by ALGIM and is a non-nomination award. The results for this award are based on an evaluation of participating New Zealand council websites against New Zealand Government Web Standards (self assessment), ALGIM's Self Assessment Council Website Survey (snapshot of the sector select functionality questions), the Blind Foundation testing of an accessibility feature on each Council website, Enquiry Response testing (conducted by ALGIM) and Best Practice Review including mobile responsive design (conducted by ALGIM). The New Zealand Government Web Standards are sourced from documentation supplied from the Department of Internal Affairs (DIA).
To be eligible for consideration for the Supreme Council Website Award your Council is required to participate in the following:
Links to the WCAG 2.0 and Web Snapshot surveys inviting all local authorities to participate will be distributed via email, and completion closing date for the 2016 ALGIM Web & Digital Awards to be advised.
Overall rankings published by ALGIM will highlight all Councils, including those that did not complete the 'Self Assessment Surveys'.
Contact Jenny Cullinan-Nevell, Survey Administrator on +64 (06) 351 6334 or email email@example.com to request the survey link or to be advised who within your organisation has received the link.
Association of Local Government Information Management Inc
PO Box 849
Palmerston North 4440
New Zealand
E: firstname.lastname@example.com
The Association of Local Government Information Management (ALGIM) represents the national and international interests of the Information, Communication and
Technology (ICT) sector within New Zealand's city, district and regional councils.


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Rachele Kanigel's "10 Tips for Training the Next Generation of Foreign Correspondents" immediately drew my attention but her headline didn't quite mat...
For the United States and many other foreign leaders around the world, from Great Britain to Australia, this sentence was a vivid reminder of Egypt's grotesque reality: that of a country dominated by the military, where the right to a fair trial, a free press, and free expression are blatantly crushed.
Cairo is a common entry point to exploring the vast treasures of Egypt and one would need weeks to fully discover what the country has to offer.
For decades, computer adventure games have been a dead art, but thanks in part to Kickstarter, we may be witnessing a revival. In 2012, renowned adven...
A refusal by both Egypt and the international community to change course in the fight against terrorism is to play right into the hands of jihadists, who seek to prolong the insurgency and prevent the government from focusing on rebuilding a country battered by three years of political upheaval.
Mapping people, places, and characteristics of urban spaces is essential for understanding cities and their residents in the Global South, and data visualization is crucial for development interventions.
Literacy is a fundamental human right, one that opens doors to other rights, to empowerment and to integration.
Egypt continues to be in a holding pattern while it waits for General Sisi, the Minister of Defense who is widely viewed as the solution to all that ails Egypt, to announce that he will run for president. There are few who doubt that he will.
Slums in the Global South are often used as "laboratories of urbanism," where initiatives are experimentally "tried out." While this approach encourages self-invention in slums, it can also be highly controversial to use informal communities as experimental territory.
He felt classical Arabic should be the object of modernization, not spoken colloquial Arabic in all its permutations, and was instrumental in the establishment of "Al Majma' Al Loghawi" (The Arabic Language Academy) to attain that goal.
As faculty members of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, we write to protest the continuing detention of, and criminal proceedings directed against, reporters, producers and other news professionals of Al Jazeera and Al Jazeera English.
The IRA set off bombs in pubs, department stores, shopping centers, and subway stations and on busy roadways. There was no way to know what their target might be and when they might choose to strike. Yes, Egypt could still deteriorate that far, but it hasn't yet.
The previous week I was with my family in Cairo, and now here I was performing at a Grammy event in Los Angeles with Carole King -- a music legend.
While I thoroughly enjoy blogging, tweeting and using all manner of light digital mobile devices, there was something endearing about the bulky equipment we had for turning out hard-hitting, solid journalism.
Have you ever gone out with someone and then a few years later, started seeing each other again? It's kind of neat. There's a level of familiarity; yo...
Like American public diplomacy efforts in the Arab world, the Confucius Institute--the franchise of Chinese educational facilities that was promoted in the Arabic CRI broadcast--also encounters opposition in some countries where it maintains a presence.


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So after a few month I have finished my Chevrolet Camaro now. I takes me a lot hours to model it (ca. 40hours). I use 3Ds Max and vRay. The render takes about 4 hours.
I hope you like it!
Jakob B.
I hope you like it!
Jakob B.
I can see the title 'MIAMI VICE' on the left.
Very nice render. Congrats!
nice and clean! gratz!
nice one dude
can u make a wireframe one ?
This is very good work
Amazing, very realistic
That looks awesome! It really does. I just got 3Ds Max 2012 a few days ago and started learning the basics. Seems like a great program once you know how to use it.
thats amazing, and nice render!


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Drug efficiency of a novel anti-proliferative conjugate: Periodate-oxidized chitosan-g-mitomycin C. BMEI 2011: 1209-1212
data released under the ODC-BY 1.0 license; see also our legal information page
last updated on 2015-02-03 17:34 CET by the dblp team


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[learn.german.nsO] Warum Nicht - German Language Course [series 01] Chapter 24 - Would you like another cup of coffee.pdf
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Mark Morris
Started climbing properly when I became a PGCE student after a few years in the real world. Met loads of fantastic people then and since - where are they now? Been to some incredible places, seen some fantastic sights, etc.
S. Wales
Best Climbing Experience
Too numerous to mention - belaying 2nds of my first E1 at wintours leap as dusk fell, sunset at Sennen, top roping Flying Buttress Direct as a flash (I KNOW!), same with Hairless Heart, leading Valkerie at Froggatt, having a lunch at the Chalet de Loria, Auguile Rouge, watching the total eclipse of the sun from the Auguile de Midi in 2000. Loads of stars and E points in a single weekend climbing as a 3 in Pembroke. Font, the orange cicuit at L'Elephant.
The two days doing supposedly easy mountain routes in north wales recently have been the amongst the best climbing days in my life. Tennis Shoe after driving up and Longlands/redwall etc; on Lliwedd the next. Been climbing a long time to get two consecutive days in N. Wales. Thank you Chris - and sorry for feeling a 3rd day would too much!
Recent Postings
Personal Webpage
Interests Outside Climbing
Mountain walking, cycling, photography, ukulele and guitar.
About My Photography
Recent convert to digital, have some Ricoh with 28mm equivalent lens that have taken these pictures. One of which packed up in the minus 10 temps of winter in Scotland. Never mind, had to buy a newer one!
Photo Gallery
Click to view Mark Morris's gallery. (7 photos)
Click to search for photos of climbers called Mark Morris.
Click to list photo comments written by me. (2 comments)
I've voted for 47 photos, average vote 4.9.
(85% superb - 14% good - 0% average - 0% poor - 0% rubbish)
|no mugshot supplied!
User Profileregistered 06/May/03
updated 06/May/15
Been Climbing For
11 to 20 years
Best Onsights
Trad - E2
Sport - 6a
Bouldering - V3
Worked Grades
Indoor - 6b+
Main Sport/Activity
Trad Rock Climbing
I Climb...
Most weekends
In the UK & Europe
Favourite Climbs
Commando Ridge (Bosigran)
Coronation Street (Cheddar)
King Kong (Wintours Leap)
Laughing Cavaliers (Shorn Cliff)
Malbogies (Avon)
Square Chimney/Whiskey Crack (Almscliff)
Tennis Shoe
Longlands/Red Wall
Right Angle
Lots in Sardinia
Lots in France
for now at least
Latest Climbs
... hidden
Ticklists BETA
Orange Spot Gower 24%
Avon VSes 12%
Rockfax SW select - Avon gorge routes 28%
Littlejohn South West Climbs 1%
The 100 Best UK VS routes? 11%
100 best limestone climbs in Britain 20%
Classic Rock Climbs of Great Britain by Bill Birkett 21%
Classic Rock 13%
... list all 8 ticklists
Climbs Wishlist
Wreckers' Slab VS 4b
... list all 1 climb


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An Arkansas resident is dead after crashing his car Monday morning in Rockbridge County.
Investigators say Darren J. Harman, age 46, of Fort Smith, Arkansas was traveling on Interstate 81 South in a 2006 Chevrolet 2500 truck. He was at mile marker 177 when the crash occurred.
Police say Harman ran off the left side of the road, overcorrected, ran off the right side of the road, struck a guardrail and flipped several times. Harman was ejected from the vehicle. He was not wearing a seatbelt.
The Virginia State Police are still investigating the incident.
Here's the news release from the Virginia State Police:
The Virginia State Police are continuing their investigation into a fatal crash that killed an Arkansas resident this morning around 6:20 am on Interstate 81 southbound at the 177 mile post in Rockbridge County. The preliminary investigation revealed that a 2006 Chevrolet 2500 pick up that was being operated by Darrin J. Harman, age 46 of Fort Smith, Arkansas ran off the left side of the roadway, overcorrected then ran off the right side of the roadway striking a guardrail before it flipped over several times and ejecting the driver.


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Tissue Engineered Recellularized Laryngotracheal Implants
The goal is to bring a safe and effective therapy to adult patients with critical narrowing of the upper windpipe (trachea) and lower voicebox (larynx). Our intent is to implement all of the necessary steps for a successful new stem/progenitor cell-derived airway transplant for later stage clinical trials and/or commercialization within 4 years. Our team builds on first-in-human surgical successes with stem cell-based tissue engineered airway implants in compassionate use cases in adults and children. To this end, we will perform the necessary preclinical studies to support a successful IND application within 2 years, followed by a Phase I trial in 10 patients with 1 year of follow-up. We propose to use stem/progenitor cells from the patients themselves to treat an extraordinarily difficult to manage health problem, namely large airway stenosis. This causes severe airway obstruction, which severely limits quality of life, exercise tolerance, communication, and social and employment opportunities. Occasionally, the stenosis may also be life threatening. It occurs in approximately 200 individuals in California each year. Treatment costs for these patients are very high, and the personal and societal investments are substantially higher, although outcomes are consistently poor. The endpoint desired is normal airway and lung function and an improved quality of life. Our team aims to eliminate the need for repeated surgical interventions and/or the use of stents (metal or plastic tube implants), which are not necessarily successful, yet presently the standard of care for such patients.
In 2008/2010, we used stem cell-based, engineered tracheal implants to successfully save a young woman's and a child's life. Both are very well at 5 and 3 years post-implantation. These first-in-human studies emphasize that our goal is realistic, but also highlighted the gaps in our knowledge. Specifically, there is a need for preclinical studies to address questions of safety and long-term maintenance of airway, as well as to determine the fate of the implanted cells; secondly, if supported by these preclinical safety studies, there is a need for a formal clinical trial in patients of our candidate airway implant. Stem/progenitor cell-derived airway transplants that use the patients' own cells have the clinical advantage of not requiring anti-rejection medications. Our experience, to date, indicates such medication is not needed and this finding represents a scientific and clinical breakthrough in organ transplantation. While medical benefit was demonstrated in these two preliminary patients, there is substantial work to be done before such transplants can be considered routine for patients. We address this challenge with our team approach and emphasize the synergism that occurs when linking team members from California and a partner institution, with expertise in a variety of scientific and medical disciplines to address this critical need.
The citizens of California have generously invested in stem cell research and a return on their investment will include breakthroughs in medical treatments for diseases where there are currently limited options. Tissue-engineered stem/progenitor cell-derived airway transplantation is a leading example of translational research in regenerative medicine that can be used for a host of diseases. Through this team effort scientists and physicians will lead the early promise of airway transplantation to clinical trials in California and beyond.
This research team proposes to use tissue-engineered airway scaffolds with stem and progenitor cells to cure an extraordinarily difficult to manage and life-threatening health problem. Severe airway obstruction occurs in approximately 200 adults in California each year. The morbidity associated with this disease is very high, and it can be fatal for some. The knowledge gained from the tissue engineering and preclinical studies proposed will provide a new technology that can be applied to these and other disorders in California. We foresee that our stem cell-derived airway transplant could also be extended to treat an important subpopulation of children with severe subglottic and tracheal stenosis, malacia, or agenesis that have proven refractory to standard surgical interventions, and adult patients with debilitating laryngeal scarring. A further exciting possibility is that stem cell-derived airway transplants or bioengineered stents could also be applied to treat an important subpopulation of adults with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Given that the prevalence rate of COPD for California citizens greater than 65 years of age approaches 10%, if even 0.1% of COPD patients in California were candidates, specifically those with associated tracheobronchomalacia, then greater than 3,000 patients might benefit from this treatment. The methods and technology developed from this project can also be used as the basis for other similar health needs including esophageal, bladder, and bowel replacements for disorders where present treatments are very limited and impair quality of life.
This project focuses on a developmental candidate that is an airway construct, composed of a customized tissue engineered biologic scaffold, populated with cells from the recipient (mesenchymal and epithelial). The construct is a decellularized donor section of trachea, based on implants used in humans in compassionate use cases (adults and children). The studies, to date, have focused on optimized techniques for collecting and characterizing cells, tracheal decellularization techniques, and tracheal recellularization strategies. A summary of achievements includes the following: (1) Cells: comparable marker expression and tri-lineage differentiation potential shown, and no differences in phenotypic or functional properties with transduction to express reporter genes for imaging confirmed; (2) Decellularization: decellularization standard operating procedures (SOP) identified, decellularized trachea shown to meet all success criteria, and biomechanical testing optimized; (3) Recellularization: compared bioreactor designs and identified a recellularization SOP, and optimized conditions for external and intraluminal seeding. In Year 1 we have made significant progress with new and innovative approaches to meet our milestones and goals.


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Quotes & Info
|MAA > SEC Filings for MAA > Form 8-K on 29-Dec-2011
|All Recent SEC Filings
Change in Directors or Principal Officers, Financial Statem
Effective December 27, 2011, the Compensation Committee of the registrant's Board of Directors and the full Board of Directors, in respect to the Chief Executive Officer, adopted the 2012 Long Term Incentive Program, or 2012 LTIP, for 57 employees including Eric H. Bolton, Jr., Chief Executive Officer, Albert M. Campbell, III, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Thomas L. Grimes, Jr., Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer whom are all named executive officers. The 2012 LTIP allows for the award of shares of restricted stock based on a percentage of the participant's salary. The plan provides for the opportunity to earn shares of restricted stock based on three performance criteria: absolute total shareholder return, relative total shareholder return and time-based shares. The relative performance metrics will compare the registrant's performance against the NAREIT Apartment REIT Index. Any earned shares of restricted stock will be issued on January 10, 2013 and will vest 25% on January 10, 2014, 25% on January 9, 2015, 25% on January 8, 2016 and 25% on January 10, 2017. All vestings are dependent upon continued employment in good standing through the vest date. Earned and issued shares of restricted stock will earn dividends during their vesting period.
A copy of the 2012 LTIP is set forth on Exhibit 10.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.
(c) Exhibits Exhibit Number Description 4.1 Form of Restricted Stock Agreement 10.1 2012 Long Term Incentive Program