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SUPER GT 300 Champion Mr. Taniguchi drifts Tesla Model S (probably P85) in Tokyo!
SUPER GT 300 Champion Mr. Taniguchi drifts Tesla Model S (probably P85) in Tokyo!
April 29 (Reuters) - U.S. electric carmaker Tesla Motors(TSLA) plans to make a big investment in charging infrastructure throughout Japan, the company's CEO
Elon Musk told the Nikkei in an interview.All the charging stations will be either directly or indirectly solar powered, Musk told the daily.
"We'll buy utility power that's coming from solar panels, or we'll have solar panels on the charge station itself. There will be no impact to the electrical grid in Japan," Musk said in the interview. (Reporting By
Manya Venkatesh in Bengaluru; Editing by Sriraj Kalluvila)
85kWh | Red | Black Leather | Tech | Pano | 19" T Sportline Grey | VIN 15XXX |
While Mr. Abe, the PM of Japan visiting the States and meeting with Elon at Tesla today, there were some nice information coming out of these EM interviews. Haven't heard of any real plans though.
Especially it sounds extremely difficult to use solar panels as Tesla seems to be struggling to have the landowners to agree on Supercharger stations... (Land cost at rural places too high here)
2014 Model S P85 Signature (Japan) 19/Blue/Carbon/UHFS
Aftermarket: DR650GW-2CH, Radar Yupiteru A500
Tires: Michelin PS3 (Summer), Bridgestone Blizzak VRX (Winter)
S 85 Silver & Grey w/Tech, Coils, Hi-Fi Sound, Parking Sensors, Fog Lamps, Lacewood, HPWC, took delivery 12/21/13, 37K miles
1.5 Roadster #425, "Very Orange", HPC, second owner, acquired 10/07/14, 27K miles
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text:
My Nonprofit Reviews
124 profile views
1 reviews
Review for Lanco Soccer League Inc, Lancaster, PA, USA
Glad someone finally spoke up! Someone needed to point out that this League is not managed well and the leadership only cares about themselves and the money. In my experience, organizations like this do not last very long once the leadership fails.
More Feedback
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Role: Professional with expertise in this field

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Definitions for halloa
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word halloa
A loud exclamation; a call to invite attention to something or to incite; a shout.
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see Halloo
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text:
Technical Support
ZVOX Warranty Terms and Return/Exchange Info
ZVOX Audio provides personalized technical support by email or by phone.
Our call center is open from 9 am to 8 pm EST Monday through Friday, with limited hours on the weekends. We usually have one or two people manning the phones. If you have trouble reaching us on the phone then e-mail would be the best way to contact us.
Meet the Call Center Staff at this link: ZVOX Call Center Staff.
Hookup Made Easy - Video Tutorial
customer installation from ZVOX Video on Vimeo.
Teaching remotes to control the ZVOX speaker
Learn Your Remote Live from ZVOX Video on Vimeo.
Product Manuals
SoundBase Products
SoundBase® 350
Quick Setup Guide
SoundBase® 450
Quick Setup Guide
SoundBase® V Series (220/320/420)
Product Brochures
- ZVOX V-Series Brochure
- ZVOX SoundBase 580 Brochure
- ZVOX SoundBase 555 Brochure
- ZVOX 430 Brochure
- ZVOX Speaker Comparison Chart
- Infrared Command Set for ZVOX Audio SoundBase models
- ZVOX Platinum Series Brochure


text:
During his regular work week, Turlock Police Officer Joe Dusel can be seen patrolling the streets of town atop his motorcycle. On Friday, however, Dusel traded in his usual two-wheeled motorized vehicle for a three-wheeler. Dusel wasn't off-roading, instead the traffic safety officer was patrolling the parking lots around Monte Vista Crossings shopping center atop one of the police department's Trikke Carving Vehicles, an electric powered personal transportation device.
A Grinch has stolen the Christmas cheer from a Turlock child with special needs by stealing the boy's beloved decorations.
The Turlock Police Department is investigating a woman's report that she was sexually assaulted by two men she met outside a Lander Avenue business.
A 23-year-old man is facing domestic abuse charges after allegedly putting a knife to the throat of woman.
A woman and two men were cited by the Turlock Police Department after they were caught trying to skip out on their bill after eating at a Turlock restaurant.
A dispute between two men led to the arrest of one after he threatened to use a Taser on the other.
A man was beaten and robbed by a couple while visiting a friend at a Turlock motel.
A woman suspected of shoplifting from a Turlock department store was found in possession of narcotics and counterfeit money.
An armed suspect robbed a Quik Stop in Turlock, pointing his firearm at both a customer and the store's clerk, the Turlock Police Department reported.
The Turlock Police Department is investigating a shooting that left one man with a bullet wound to his leg and three suspects on the run.
For the second time in three weeks the Turlock Police Department is investigating a kidnapping and sexual assault that reportedly began at a Turlock park.
Two Delhi men arrested as part of a federal investigation into methamphetamine trafficking to Hawaii are now prison bound.
A Turlock man is facing robbery charges after using a pellet gun to steal a bicycle from an 18-year-old woman.
A Turlock man was hospitalized with injuries he sustained in a crash in an attempt to avoid arrest for stalking his ex-girlfriend.
Early on the morning of Nov. 6, Turlock Police officers on patrol found 24-year-old David Yakow allegedly in illegal possession of oxycodone. It turns out it was Yakow's lucky day.
Page 25 of 126
There's been no justice for Lauren Grace London.
The Turlock Police Department is seeking the public's assistance in identifying a man who robbed an ATM customer by gunpoint.
The body of a man found in Morro Bay Estuary on Sunday has been confirmed as that of a former Turlock resident.
A Hilmar man accused of bilking thousands of dollars from Foster Farms while working as a maintenance manager pled guilty Monday to mail fraud.
The Turlock man who was behind the wheel in a fatal collision that struck two people out for a walk, claiming the life of one ...
The Stanislaus County Sheriff's Department is reminding residents to have a game plan in place for Super Bowl Sunday if their plans involve alcohol.
The Turlock Police Department is investigating a carjacking that occurred in downtown Turlock Thursday night.
A Turlock father was arrested Wednesday when he was caught allegedly using his son to shoplift a bottle of cologne.
A Turlock man working as a high school teacher in Los Banos was taken into custody Wednesday on allegations he had sexual relations with two ...
The Turlock Irrigation District is warning consumers that scammers are attempting to collect money or access people's personal information by posing as TID representatives.
The Turlock Police department is seeking the public's help in identifying a suspect who stole more than a thousand dollars worth of merchandise from ...
Page 1 of 1
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text: ICPSR Metadata record for Consumer Durables and Installment Debt: A Study of American Households, 1967-1970 ICPSR ICPSR metadata records are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/). Consumer Durables and Installment Debt: A Study of American Households, 1967-1970 Hendricks, Gary Youmans, Kenwood C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research ICPSR 2006-01-18 7497 doi://10.3886/ICPSR07497.v1 This four-year panel study investigated two interrelated aspects of consumer behavior: expenditures on major consumer durable goods and the use of installment credit. Over the course of four years, the study examined trends in these two important characteristics of households, factors underlying these trends, and elements that could alter their relationships. In each of the four panel interviews, detailed questions were asked regarding the family income, purchases of durables, and level of financial debt. The extent of the family's holdings of financial assets including houses, amounts in savings and checking accounts, value of stocks and bonds, etc., was also ascertained. Information was collected on stocks of consumer durables owned at the time of the first interview, and initial stocks of automobiles and subsequent changes in them. Extensive data were gathered on attitudes toward the use of various financial instruments (particularly installment debt), the level of the family's satisfaction with its current assets, and the family's subjective analysis of its past financial progress and future prospects. A total of 1,434 families completed all four interviews. The four-year merged data are available in two versions: Part 1 contains all the family data including information on the first car, usually the newest, owned at the time of each interview. Part 2 comprises all of the variables in Part 1, as well as approximately 400 additional variables that provide information about each car (up to three) owned by panel families at the time of each interview during the four-year period. UniverseScheme07497 Organization07497_1 ICPSR.IV.B consumer attitudes consumer behavior consumer expenditures credit credit card debt durable goods economic behavior economic trends family relations financial assets financial management financial policy household budgets household expenditures household income investments optimism personal debt satisfaction savings social attitudes United States 1967 1970 survey data Households in the United States. National probability sample. personal interviews 1967 1970 ICPSR AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Rearch ICPSR Ann Arbor MI http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/ email@example.com Ford Foundation 2006-01-18 ICPSR 2006-01-18 File CB7497.PDF was removed from any previous datasets and flagged as a study-level file, so that it will accompany all downloads.


text:
Are You Over-posting on Your Facebook Page?
Old school marketing books will tell you that repetition is the best way to engrave a message to the public and although this works with other means of communication the internet doesn't respond well with repetition of a message.Think about it, when you are scrolling down your news feed and you see that family member post every few hours what she is eating, you might eventually just start to hide her posts. The same goes for business pages, no one wants to see your mother's day special posted all day everyday.
Nonprofits and Social Media
With so much hype surrounding non-profits using social media to increase funds, I can show you how you can too.
It's a Team Effort
It is easy to hire someone to "take care" of your business' social media but easy isn't always right. There is a saying in Spanish that goes "lo barato sale caro" which translates roughly to "cheap things are more expensive in the long run". The same goes with social media and online content. You can't […]


text:
Reimagining the Refugee Camp
The world's refugee camps are a mess, and they've long outlived their intended lifespans. It's time for a change.
The world's refugee camps are a mess, and they've long outlived their intended lifespans. It's time for a change.
Somalia has banned all Christmas celebrations this year, citing the holiday's Christian roots alongside security concerns.
A new U.N. report demonstrates how global displacement rose in the first half of 2015 and how it is expected to exceed records by the end of the year.
NAIROBI — A new report says Kenya's military has done a brisk business in sugar and charcoal in Kismayo, Somalia, but the trade has become a key financial lifeline for al-Shabab, the terrorist group it is there to fight.
Sadly, that will never happen under the Obama administration's watch.
Days after a motion for his impeachment was dismissed, FP sat down with Somalia's president for an exclusive conversation about terrorism, democracy, and whether his parliament has the right to ask him to step down.
British troops to answer Obama's call for more troops to help stabilize the crescent of conflict. About 50 countries are expected to announce Monday bigger contingents to help UN blue helmets around the world.
What really happened two years ago in the bloody attack on Nairobi's Westgate Mall.
The United Kingdom and Pakistan announced deaths by drone strike this week, joining a growing group of countries that use armed UAVs to strike.
Meet Adam Szubin, Obama's point man to sell the Iran deal to Israel.
You have read of 5 free articles


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Hungarian girl gets champagne poured on her and her ass fucked


text:
281-521-3329- Did this number call you? If yes, leave your comment/complaint below.
Phone number: 281-521-3329 is located in Kemah, Texas.
Its exchange 521 is managed by GTE-SW DBA VERIZON SW INC. - T.
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You are the 2nd person to search for it here.The number has a total of 1 complaints filed against it.
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text:
In case anyone has forgotten, Southwest Airlines made a profit once again — they have never lost money — so did Lufthansa and subsidiary Swiss International Air Lines.
Delta CEO, $11.3 million pay … in four months!!?
The CEO of Delta received total compensation valued at nearly $11.3 million for the four months he ran the nation's third-largest carrier in 2007!!!
BA adds fuel surcharge
The fuel surcharge merry-go-round continues. Next up, British Airways which announced today that fares on long-haul flights, those to destinations outside of Europe, will increase by $40 to $60 per round trip.
Hotels testing new features
Where can you find a waterproof mattress and wireless electricity? In the X-room, a test guest room at the Courtyard by Marriott in Newark, Del.
All-business-class still alive
Even though Eos Airlines and MaxJet Airways have gone under, the all-business-class model still has legs as Silverjet, l'Avion and Lufthansa are out to prove.
San Diego beaches reopen
Beaches in San Diego have reopened after authorities suspended shark warnings following a fatal attack 150 yards offshore.
United talks with US Airways
United Airlines, apparently desperate for a merger partner, is now talking with US Airways.
Delta raises fares
Delta Air Lines announced Monday that it would increase domestic fares between $10 and $40 per round trip.
McDonald's curious math
Why does a sausage and egg McMuffin and a small coffee cost 20¢ more than the "combo" version with the same sandwich, larger coffee and fried potatoes?
Stop the plane, I'm having a baby
While having a baby in flight is not exactly an everyday occurrence, it happens more often than you might think. How does the crew handle it? And what are the citizenship ramifications? James Wysong explores the laborious issues of "Baby on Board."


text:
Best Geekfest (2012)
Phoenix Comicon
For most locals, Memorial Day weekend is a time to bust out bikinis and board shorts, fire up the grill, and dive into the nearest pool. For geeks of the Valley, however, it's a time to dust off costumes inspired by superheroes and dive headfirst into the pop culture extravaganza known as Phoenix Comicon. For four days, the Phoenix Convention Center becomes ground zero for diehard devotees seeking to celebrate any and all aspects of geekdom, be it anime, science fiction, horror flicks, fantasy worlds, or video games. Oh, and there's also enough comic book-related content to satisfy any follower of the sequential art form. Phoenix Comicon's popularity keeps growing each year, blowing up faster than Apache Chief after chanting his magic phrase, as evidenced by the record-setting crowd of 32,127 who attended this year. The cavernous exhibition hall, which featured more than 800 vendors and artists, doubled in size. And there were twice as many geek-oriented panels, seminars, workshops, and discussions devoted to topics ranging from cosplay to getting into the sci-fi writing game. Then there were the special guests, who included some of the biggest nerd icons ever. For instance, this year's edition offered an appearance by William "Captain Kirk" Shatner, DC illustration god George Perez, and Preacher creator Garth Ennis. And that was just on Saturday. We can't wait to see what they come up with next year.
More People & Places Awards
Best Sci-Fi ConventionLepreCon
Best Science Fiction Movie Filmed in ArizonaBill & Ted's Excellent Adventure
Best Record LabelAcetic House
Best Performance by an Actor Depicting a Differently Abled Person with CompassionTie: Will Hightower in Body Image and Travis Russell in The Pillowman
Best Surprise from a Local TroupePhoenix Theatre's co-production with Nearly Naked Theatre
Best Holiday Show We Didn't See Last YeariTheatre's Christmas Cabaret with Jeff Kennedy
Best Didn't-See-That-Coming PerformanceD. Scott Withers in Gypsy
Best Original Play by a Local PlaywrightDwayne Hartford's The Color of Stars
Best Actorly HomecomingKathy Fitzgerald in Gypsy
Best Risk-Taking Artistic DirectorMatthew Wiener, Actors Theatre


text: A 2.0 {\rm kg}, 20-cm-diameter turntable rotates at 100 {\rm rpm} on frictionless bearings. Two 500 {\rm g} blocks fall from above, hit the turntable simultaneously at opposite ends of a diagonal, and stick. What is the turntable's angular velocity, in rpm, just after this event? I'm not quite sure on how to set this one up or what equation to use, can anyone give me a push in the right direction?


text:
Say you have
n GPS coordinates how could you work out the central GPS point between them?
In case it helps anyone now or in the future, here's an algorithm that's valid even for points near the poles (if it's valid at all, i.e. if I haven't made a silly math mistake ;-):
Depends on what you mean by the central GPS point. You could simply take the average of all the points, as suggested by Stephen - but keep in mind that GPS coordinates are not continuous - this will fail spectacularly around discontinuities such as the poles.
In most cases you'll need to convert to a coordinate system that doesn't have this issue.
You could also look at all the points bounded by it, calculated all the distances to each GPS point, and minimize the sum of the distances to all the GPS points. You'll need to look into great circle calculations for this.
Further, each GPS might have a higher or lower degree of uncertainty, you should take that into account and weight them accordingly.
What exactly are you trying to find out?


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 4, 2000
|Filing date
|Jun 23, 1997
|Priority date
|Jun 23, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Samuel Victor Bristol, Mary Beth Young, David Ross Summers
|Original Assignee
|Delco Electronics Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (15), Classifications (7), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a soldering flux adaptable to several different types of electronic soldering applications, including microelectronic applications. More particularly, the flux of this invention contains borneol, an agent that acts to reduce residues and/or increase allowable activator concentration, and to impart tackiness to the flux when used in larger proportions. The soldering applications include the soldering of microelectronic chip components to metal films on composite material circuit boards and to cermet conductor films on ceramic substrates, and the reflowing of solder on contact bumps of semiconductor wafers.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Commercially used fluxes are often tailored in composition for given soldering applications, depending on the needs of those particular applications. For example, active and passive microelectronic chip components are wave soldered to a metal pattern on a composite circuit board. Such chip components can be resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits. By composite circuit board, we mean a paper-reinforced epoxy or phenolic supporting substrate material having a foil and/or plated metal, usually copper, pattern thereon. In wave soldering chip components to such circuit boards, the chip components are usually temporarily bonded to the metal pattern side of the circuit board with a small amount of binder. The circuit board is then inverted for wave soldering, so that the metal pattern and the chip components are then disposed on the underside of the board. Typically, flux is applied to the underside of the board by horizontally moving the circuit board over a standing wave, or a spray, of flux. Next, the fluxed board is horizontally moved over a standing wave of molten solder. The flux preferably wets all surfaces it contacts, including the chip binder as well as conductor surfaces, to insure that the flux reaches all the parts of the chip electrodes and metal pattern where soldering is desired. If the flux has significant tackiness, it can help retain the chips affixed to the circuit board during the thermal shock and fluid flow of the solder wave. If the metal is relatively clean to start with, the oxide-cleaning requirements of the flux may not be particularly demanding. On the other hand, in many applications, flux residue, and its cleanability can be an important issue, as will hereinafter be discussed.
The soldering of active and passive microelectronic chip components to ceramic substrates have their own distinctive soldering issues to consider. Hybrid integrated circuit modules are made from such substrates. Microelectronic chip components are soldered to a cermet conductor pattern on the ceramic substrate, while the substrate is face up. The demand for tackiness in this application is significantly less. However, the oxide-cleaning demands are significantly higher. Hence, the flux may have to include a higher proportion of activator, which can lead to higher ionic residues from the flux after soldering. Moreover, in these applications wettability and cleanability are usually quite important. In addition, it is usually preferred that our flux leave little or no organic residue. Flux residue, if any, should be readily cleanable at the very least. However, it is most preferred that the flux leave little or no ionic or organic residue that has to be removed by cleaning.
Still another soldering application involves a semiconductor wafer having contact bumps thereon for each integrated circuit chip incorporated in the wafer. The wafer, such as of silicon, has a dielectric coating of silicon nitride or the like on its surface with a plurality of contact windows in the dielectric coating for each integrated circuit chip incorporated in the wafer. A contact bump is disposed in each window. Solder is deposited on each contact bump. The bump solder is melted at least once and preferably twice, to re-flow the solder to obtain a uniform bump height, geometry and appearance. The wafer is fluxed during such re-flow. In such an application, it is important that the flux used in this particular application have good wettability on the dielectric surface, good spinability for application to the dielectric surface, and have good cleanability. As to cleanability, it is much preferred if the flux leaves little or no ionic or organic residue after solder reflow, so that the wafer surface does not have to be cleaned at all.
In recent years, commercial interest in "no-clean" and low residue fluxes has significantly increased. The interest has moved from the simple desire to leave no visible residue to the unaided eye, to actually measuring the extent of ionic residue, even if it cannot be seen with the unaided eye. Initially, "no-clean" fluxes simply did not require post-soldering cleaning with environmentally unfriendly cleaners, as for example chlorofluorocarbon solvents or chlorinated solvents, which rosin-based fluxes normally required. However, such "no-clean" fluxes may or may not have left a residue that was visible or not to the unaided eye. However, if any residue was left, it could be readily removed by rinsing with water or some other environmentally friendly solvent. Most recently, cleanliness requirements have increased. A truly low residue flux, by current standards, leaves little or no measurable ionic or organic residue, even when no residue can be seen with the unaided eye. By way of example, truly low residue fluxes are described in each of U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,509 Bristol and U.S. Pat. No. 5,507,882 Bristol, Hanaway and Walls, and also described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/559,543, filed Jul. 11, 1995 in the names of S. V. Bristol, E. H. Hanaway, T. R. Mueller, and M. J. Barnaby. The teaching of theses prior patents and applications are incorporated herein by reference. We have found that if even small amounts of borneol are included in a soldering flux, along with a low residue activator, ionic residues can be reduced. In the alternative, such small amounts of borneol in the flux can allow higher activator proportions to be used without significantly increasing ionic residue.
For soldering chip type components to circuit boards, it is also known that camphor provides enhanced tackiness benefits to fluxes during soldering. As indicated above, the tackiness helps retain the electronic chip components in place during soldering operations.
We have found that borneol has additional characteristics. When used in relatively high concentrations, it can also provide enhanced tackiness to a flux. In addition, borneol helps form a flux of enhanced wettability and spreadability, for the formation of spin-on flux coatings on wafers. The borneol content of the flux is specifically formulated for each of a variety of applications, depending on the needs of the application. However, borneol is an essential component of each formulation. A borneol-containing flux can thus be formulated in accordance with this invention to have enhanced fluxing action and/or low residue and/or tackiness and/or wettability and/or spinability, as desired for a given application.
It is an object of this invention to provide improved soldering fluxes for electronic components.
It is another object of this invention to provide improved methods of soldering electronic components that include improved fluxing methods using our improved flux.
These and other objects of this invention are obtained with a flux containing borneol and an acid activator. In a preferred embodiment all components of the flux substantially volatilize and/or sublime during soldering, so that only a low ionic or organic residue is left, if any residue is left at all. Even when the borneol is used in relatively large proportions, it evaporates and/or sublimes substantially entirely during soldering, which leaves no visible residue. Borneol can thus be used to form a "no-clean" flux.
The activator, which ordinarily is one or more organic acids, preferably is one that substantially completely volatilizes during soldering. Use of such an activator with borneol can form more than just a "no-clean" flux. It can form a flux with ionic residue, whether the residue can be seen with the unaided eye or not. On the other hand, it is recognized that in some applications, low ionic residue may not be a requirement. If so, higher concentrations of activators and/or activators with higher fluxing activity, could be combined with borneol.
The weight ratio of borneol to activator can vary quite significantly, depending on the soldering application, and the residue requirements. For example for composite circuit board applications, the preferred borneol to activator weight ratio might be 25:1 or higher, if IC flip chips soldered to the circuit board are not to be underfilled with epoxy resin. If the IC chips are to be underfilled, a borneol to organic acid activator weight ratio of about 8:1 to 12:1 might be more desirable. For ceramic substrate soldering applications the preferred borneol to activator ratio might be 0.07:1. For solder bump re-flow applications the preferred borneol to activator ratio might be 0.25:1.
We prefer an activator that volatilizes and/or sublimes during soldering, like the borneol does. One activator that works especially well with borneol is the three acid mixture (TAM) described in each of U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,509 Bristol, U.S. Pat. No. 5,507,882 Bristol, Hanaway and Walls, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/500,543 filed Jul. 11, 1995 in the names of Bristol, Hanaway, Mueller, and Barnaby. The TAM activator consists essentially of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid and substantially completely volatilizes at soldering temperatures.
To apply a borneol-containing flux composition to a surface for fluxing, the flux components are preferably dissolved in a solvent to form a flux solution. The solvent is ordinarily one that will evaporate without leaving an ionic residue, as for example alcohols, ethers, and hydrocarbons such as petroleum ethers. Depending on the particular fluxing application mentioned above, the preferred borneol concentration in such a flux solution might be as low as about 0.25% by weight, or as high as about 25% by weight. Analogously, depending on the application described above, the preferred activator concentration in such a flux solution might be as low as about 2% by weight, or as high as about 10% by weight.
One or more wetting agents and/or surfactants can also be included in the flux solution to enhance its wettability, spinability, and/or other properties of the flux solution or flux composition. We have found that if some of these agents are used in higher concentrations, they can also be used as activators that provide low ionic flux residue.
As indicated above, this invention involves flux compositions containing borneol and an activator. For application to a surface, the flux composition is usually dissolved in a volatile solvent, to form a flux solution. The solvent evaporates after application to the surface, leaving a coating of the flux composition on the surface. The following discussion is first directed to the flux composition itself, i.e., the solids content in the flux solution, and to its borneol to activator ratios for various soldering applications.
As indicated, the borneol-containing flux compositions of this invention are specifically formulated for various soldering applications. The soldering applications include soldering microelectronic chip components to metal films on composite circuit boards, soldering microelectronic chip components to cermet films on ceramic substrates, and re-flowing solder on flip chip bumps of semiconductor wafers. In all applications, borneol can help reduce ionic content in flux residue, even when the borneol is used in small proportions. For composite circuit board soldering applications, larger proportions of borneol can be used. This imparts a tackiness to the flux composition after the flux solvent evaporates, making borneol especially useful as a "no-clean" flux for composite circuit board soldering applications. The tackiness characteristic can be useful even if low residue is not a requirement. On the other hand, an integrated circuit chip is sometimes given an epoxy underfill after being soldered to a circuit board. In such instances, a lesser proportion of borneol may be desirable in the flux. The reason for this is that higher proportions of borneol can leave surfaces that the epoxy resin does not readily wet and/or adhere to. If so, then lesser proportions of borneol should be used until satisfactory wetting and/or adherence is obtained, as for example about 5%-10% by weight, borneol in the flux solution. It is uncertain if the lesser wettability and/or adherence is due to residual organics from the borneol, or not. However, we presume that it is, even though we have not been able to detect a residue. For analogous reasons, we also prefer to use lower borneol concentrations in flux solutions used for wafer bump solder re-flow. Accordingly, by low residual organics, we mean that an epoxy underfill resin will wet and adhere to the facing surfaces of the soldered IC flip chip and the circuit board. The facing surface of the IC flip chip is the surface under the flip chip after it is soldered to the circuit board.
Borneol is an alcohol with the chemical formula C10 H17 OH. Borneol is an alcohol derivative of camphane, and has the chemical name 2-hydroxycamphane. Camphane, also bornane, is a bridged ring of 1-methyl cyclohexane, in which the bridge is a fully methylated carbon atom extending between positions 1 and 4 of the cyclohexane ring. Borneol is also identified as bornyl alcohol.
One important characteristic of borneol is that it substantially evaporates and/or sublimes during soldering. In hereinafter using the expression "volatilize" or "volatilization", we mean to include both evaporation and sublimation. Because borneol volatilizes substantially completely during soldering, it contributes little, if any, to ionic flux residue on the soldered part. Borneol, itself, therefore has a "no-clean" characteristic when used in a soldering flux. The reason for this is that borneol boils at 212� C., which is considerably below conventional commercial soldering temperatures. Thus, borneol will substantially completely volatilize while the parts being soldered are heated to soldering temperatures. This includes soldering of a composite circuit board, where the board and its chip components are heated by a molten solder wave or by re-flow soldering. Borneol will substantially completely volatilize when the board and chips are in contact with the molten solder, or shortly thereafter from latent heat in the soldered assembly. The result is that the borneol essentially vanishes from the soldered composite circuit board assembly, and leaves no measurable residue. Thus, borneol contributes nothing of significance to ionic flux residue that needs to be cleaned off the soldered surface. Hence, adding borneol to a flux does not necessitate any significant cleaning of the soldered product. Very importantly, adding borneol to a flux composition does not require that the circuit board be cleaned with an environmentally unfriendly cleaner. Accordingly, borneol does not require cleaning by chlorofluorocarbon solvents, such as freon, or chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents such as trichloroethane, tricloroethylene, or the like. On the other hand, as indicated above, in some instances, such as epoxy underfill of IC flip chips, one may want to use a lesser proportion of borneol, to enhance wetting and/or adherence of the underfill.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that if borneol is combined with a "no-clean" flux activator, the borneol can form a "no-clean" flux. By "no clean", we mean that the activator, or the flux, does not leave any significant residue visible to the unaided eye, and if any residue is left at all, it can be removed without using environmentally unfriendly solvents or cleaners such as CFC-type or chlorinated organic solvents. Moreover, we have found that borneol can be used to form even cleaner fluxes. It can be used to form "low ionic residue" fluxes when combined with suitable activators. By "low ionic residue", we mean that a flux residue, whether visible to the unaided eye or not, has an ionic content, expressed as micrograms per square centimeter equivalent of NaCl (per Omega Meter measurement), that is very low, i.e., below about 5 μg/cm2, and preferably below about 1.2 μg/cm2.
It was mentioned above that borneol boils at about 212� C. For comparison, conventional soldering temperatures are about 250-260� C., but could be up to 350� C., and even up to about 450� C. for some special soldering applications. In some applications, circuit board components may be soldered to the circuit board at the lower end of the temperature range, and other connections made at the higher end of the temperature range. Flip chip bumps may be reflowed at the low end of the range, or even lower, but higher than 212� C. A typical solder for microelectronic applications is a tin-lead solder. Examples are by weight, 60% tin and 40% lead (mp 191�-193� C.) or eutectic tin-lead solder of, by weight, 63% tin and 37% lead (mp 183� C.).
Borneol exhibits a second and a third characteristic that are important to this invention, in addition to the first characteristic of low boiling point described above. The second important characteristic is that borneol functions in some way to reduce ionic content in the flux residue. We believe that borneol reduces ionic content in the flux residue by forming esters with the activator and/or the activator residue. This can occur, of course, even when the residue cannot be seen with the unaided eye. A flux can thus become an even cleaner "no-clean" flux. Fluxes with low ionic residue are especially important in applications where the soldered surfaces cannot be cleaned well or at all, or where the soldered product is subjected to particularly corrosive conditions of operation. In the alternative, use of borneol in the flux can allow use of a higher proportion of activator while substantially maintaining a given level of ionic residue. In such instances, the flux can become more active from a fluxing standpoint without adversely deteriorating its "no-clean" or "low ionic residue" features. This can be an asset when soldering surfaces requiring more active fluxing, as for example cermet surfaces, re-flowing solder on flip chip bumps, and more oxidized copper metal surfaces. In some instances, even small amounts of borneol in the flux allows one to double or even triple the activator concentration in a flux solution, without significantly increasing ionic residue. This effect is especially true for the three acid mixture (TAM) activator referred to above.
This second characteristic of borneol is important in the soldering of microelectronic chip components to ceramic substrates. In some instances, exceptionally low ionic residue may be required for the flux. In others, the cermet surfaces can require more active fluxing while maintaining low ionic residues. Inclusion of borneol in the flux can permit higher concentrations of activator in the flux solution without producing an objectionable increase in ionic residue. On the other hand, such substrates are normally wire bonded after soldering, and cleaning after soldering is not usually desirable. Too high a concentration of borneol in a flux solution can adversely affect the wire bond surfaces in such an application even if a residue is not detected. However, only a little proportion of borneol is needed to lower ionic residue, or to allow a greater activator proportion to be used. Accordingly, we would normally prefer that only a small proportion of borneol be used in the flux for such applications.
In view of the above, in soldering microelectronic chips to ceramic substrates, we would normally prefer that our flux composition have a weight ratio of borneol to activator from about 0.04:1 to 0.1:1. A flux solution of such a flux composition would have an activator concentration of about 2%-6% by weight, and still provide low ionic residue. For such a low activator concentration in the flux solution, we might prefer to use less than 1% by weight borneol, as for example about 0.1%-0.5% by weight. In our currently preferred flux solution for this application, we include wetting agents and other surfactants in the flux solution as well. They are mentioned here because in our preferred flux solution, we also use selected wetting agents and surfactants as activators. We can do this because we know they can function as activators when used in higher concentrations, and they can perform this function alone and in combination with other such agents and activators. We also know that selected ones of these can each be used in concentrations of about 0.5%-2.5% by weight, without producing a significant ionic residue. Accordingly, in our preferred fluxes, we include higher concentrations of certain wetting agents and surfactants along with the TAM to also serve an activator function, and yet still retain low ionic residue. In the flux example immediately below for this application, the borneol to total activator ratio is about 0.05:1, while the borneol to TAM activator ratio is about 0.07:1. An example of a flux solution for soldering chips onto ceramic substrates is as follows:
______________________________________Ceramic Substrate Flux______________________________________Borneol 0.25% by weightTriacid Mixture (TAM) 3.65% by weightHamposyl L by weight.9%Hamposyl M by weight.9%Monoethanolamine by weightIsopropyl Alcohol by weight______________________________________
The first and second important characteristics of borneol are also important to re-flowing contact bumps on a silicon wafer, which is another soldering application referred to above. Contact bumps may be given two re-flows to obtain an acceptable appearance and uniform bump height, geometry and appearance. For this application, borneol serves the function of enhancing the attainment of low ionic residues while allowing higher loadings of activator in a flux solution. It also helps the flux have good wettability and spinability on the wafer surface. As mentioned above, we prefer to use a mixture of activators that works with the borneol to achieve the low ionic residue. The mixture includes a known activator, along with wetting agents and surfactants that can also serve as activators when used in higher concentrations. They are preferably used in the same concentration ranges as indicated above. For a bump solder re-flow application, the weight ratio of borneol to activator in our flux can vary from about 0.1:1 to 0.5:1. We would prefer it to be about 0.2:1 to 0.3:1. As indicated above, a solution of borneol and activator in isopropyl alcohol provides good wettability, spinability and cleanability in this latter application. If a rosin-based flux were used for this application, it might work from a fluxing standpoint but could leave a significant residue that required cleaning in environmentally unfriendly solvents. In addition, extensive cleaning of wafer surfaces is usually not desirable. In the flux example immediately below, the weight ratio of borneol to total activator is about 0.2:1, while the weight ratio of borneol to TAM activator is about 0.25:1. In this application, there may be residual organics on the surface of the wafer. If so, hydrogen peroxide can be included in the flux solution to clean them. If residual organics are not present on the wafer surface, no hydrogen peroxide need be included in the flux solution. Removal of organic residues is necessary as organic residues could have a deleterious effect on the wetting and/or adhesion characteristics of subsequent underfill applications or processes. To insure cleanliness of the wafer surface, we would normally prefer that the flux solution include at least about 5% by weight, of a 30 wt. % aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. In many instances, we prefer that the flux solution include about 10%-20% by weight, of the 30 wt. % aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, and perhaps even up to 25% by weight.
The activator concentration in flux solutions for this application can be higher, as for example about 8%-14% by weight. The borneol concentration is correspondingly higher than mentioned above for soldering ceramic substrates, such as about 1%-3% by weight. This helps maintain low ionic residue and "no-clean" characteristics. An example of a flux solution for re-flowing solder on flip chip bumps could be as follows:
______________________________________Wafer Re-Flow Flux______________________________________Borneol 2.5% by weightTriacid Mixture (TAM) 10.0% by weightHamposyl C by weight.0%Hamposyl O by weight.0%Hydrogen Peroxide (30%) 20% by weightMonoethanolamine by weightIsopropyl Alcohol by weight______________________________________
A third important characteristic of borneol is that it can impart tackiness to a flux if the borneol is present in higher proportions, as compared to the activator proportion. This characteristic, along with its "no-clean" properties, makes borneol especially useful in soldering active and passive microelectronic chip components to a metal pattern on a composite circuit board. The metal film on such a composite circuit board frequently is of copper, or of a plurality of metal films that include copper or a copper alloy. However, the metal film could be of other metals. The chip components can occasionally fall from, or disorient on, the board during soldering, depending on whether one is performing wave soldering or reflow soldering. The result is a reject that must be fixed or discarded. Using a flux that has significant tackiness can reduce such rejects. Tackiness in the flux helps retain the chip components in place until molten solder can wet the pattern and the chip electrodes, whereupon solder surface tension holds the chips in place until the solder hardens.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,508 Mace et al. discloses that camphor can impart tackiness to a flux, and can provide a thermally dissipated flux. Camphor is a ketone, that is also identified as 2-ketocamphane. Borneol is an alcohol. Borneol has a higher boiling point (212� C.) than camphor, which boils at 204� C. Accordingly, borneol remains slightly longer on the surface of the part being soldered before it volatilizes. Our borneol-containing flux can thus flux better and slightly longer, and retain its tackiness slightly longer. It is also to be noted that borneol is an alcohol. As an alcohol, it can esterify organic acids, to reduce measurable ionic residue, or to allow use of increased activator concentration in a flux solution without correspondingly increasing the measurable amount of ionic residue.
For composite circuit board applications, the weight ratio of borneol to total activator in our flux composition can vary from about 2:1 to about 25:1, or even higher. We would prefer the borneol weight to be about 8 to 12 times the TAM activator weight in the flux. In general, we prefer to use flux solutions containing about 10%-25% by weight, borneol for composite circuit board applications. The TAM activator concentration in such a flux solution might only be about 1%-5% by weight, but the total activator concentration can be up to about 8%-10% by weight, as is later explained in this paragraph. Similar to fluxes for the foregoing soldering applications, we prefer to include wetting agents and other surfactants in solutions of our flux, along with a known activator and borneol. As mentioned above, certain wetting agents and surfactants can also serve an activator function and produce a low ionic residue, if used in higher concentrations along with the TAM. As mentioned, TAM is a mixture of three dibasic organic acids. One example of a flux for composite circuit board applications is as follows:
______________________________________Composite Circuit Board Flux______________________________________Borneol 20% by weightTriacid Mixture (TAM) 2.0% by weightHamposyl L by weightHamposyl M by weightHamposyl S by weightIsopropyl Alcohol 72% by weight______________________________________
Reference is now made to activators that can be used in a flux of our invention. In some composite circuit board or ceramic substrate applications, flux ionic residue is not of special concern. In such applications, any one of many known activators could be used, usually one or more organic acids. However, in most applications, "no-clean" and low ionic residue are desired. In such instances, an activator should be selected that leaves little or no ionic residue. Many prior patents describe activators as leaving little or no residue, even though the activators they use appear to have boiling points higher than the soldering temperature. Popular activators are often one or more monocarboxcylic organic acids and/or dicarboxcylic organic acids. However care should be taken to use an organic acid activator that has a boiling point lower than the soldering temperature at which it is to be used. Otherwise, one runs the risk of having significant ionic residue on the soldered surface. We prefer to include a known mixture of three organic acids in our flux as a principle activator, to maintain low ionic residues. The three acid mixture (TAM) is used in the normal range of about 2%-5% by weight, in flux solutions for soldering chip components to a surface, and about 2-3 times that amount in flux solutions for wafer re-flow applications. The three acid mixture (TAM) is disclosed in each of U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,509 Bristol, U.S. Pat. No. 5,507,882 Bristol, Hanaway and Walls, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/500,543 filed Jul. 11, 1995 in the names of Bristol, Hanaway, Mueller, and Barnaby. As indicated above, we prefer a "no-clean" flux.
The Three-acid mixture (TAM) consists essentially about 15%-30% by weight, succinic acid, 40%-63% by weight, glutaric acid and 10%-30% by weight, adipic acid. It preferably includes about 18%-30% succinic acid, 51%-61% glutaric acid and 11%-30% adipic acid. The percentages of succinic, glutaric and adipic acid are based on the total weight of the dibasic acid mixture. The TAM has a melting point (mp) of about 90�-130� C. and a boiling point (bp) of about 150�-210� C., especially 170�-195� C. It thus has a boiling point comparable to or less than borneol, and is capable of essentially completely volatilizing during heat soldering to leave the soldering site essentially free from ionic residue. The constituents of the TAM volatilize during the heat soldering operation, remain volatilized and do not recondense and/or redeposit at the soldering site as ionic residue. Thus, the TAM is an essentially non-recondensing and non-redepositing volatilizable dibasic acid mixture. A commercial mixture of the TAM is available from DuPont Canada, Inc. (DuPont Canada). It is also available from DuPont Co., Wilmington, Del. (DuPont) as DBA, and from BASF Corp., Parsippany, N.J.
In many instances, one may prefer to include a wetting agent and/or surfactant in the flux solution, as is frequently done with previously known other fluxes. The amount that is employed in the flux solution is enough to result in achieving the desired surface tension characteristics for wettability and/or spreadability of the flux solution, while not resulting in excessive foaming and/or in substantially increased ionic residue after soldering. Such agents are typically used in flux solution concentrations preferably below about 0.02% by weight, more preferably below about 0.01 by weight, and still most preferably about 0.003%-0.004% by weight. We consider such concentrations negligible.
On the other hand, as indicated above, we have found selected wetting agents, antistatic agents, surfactants and the like can also serve as activators in combination with the TAM activator. However, when used in moderate concentration, none of them provides a significant contribution to ionic residue. This allows one to use them together and with the TAM, along with borneol, resulting in the use of a higher total activator concentration but without the penalty of correspondingly higher ionic residue. Examples of commercially available wetting agents and surfactants include those available under the trademark Cyastat�, which is manufactured by the American Cyanimid Company, P.O. Box 6885, Bridgewater N.J. 08807-6885. Specific examples include, without limitation, Cyastat� 609, Cyastat� SP, Cyastat� SN, and Cyastat� LS. Cyastat� 609 Antistatic Agent is also called N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl)-N-3'-dodecyloxy-2'-hydroxypropyl) methylammonium methosulfate. Cyastat� SP Antistatic Agent is also called stearamidopropyldimethyl-beta-hydroxyethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate. Cyastat� SN Antistatic Agent is also called stearamidopropyldimethyl-beta-hydroxyethylammonium nitrate. Cyastat� LS Antistatic Agent is also called (3-lauramidopropyl) trimethylammonium methylsulfate. There are preferred wetting agents that can concurrently serve a second function, which is as flux activator. Such wetting agents include the fatty acyl sarcosines, which are commercially marketed as Hamposyl� agents. Those Hamposyl� agents of particular interest are N-cocoyl sarcosine, N-lauroyl sarcosine, N-myristoyl sarcosine, N-oleoyl sarcosine, and N-stearoyl sarcosine. Such materials are commercially available as Hamposyl� surfactants from Hampshire Chemical Corporation, Lexington, Mass. 02173. Of course, other commercially available wetting agents may be advantageously employed in the soldering flux of the present invention, preferably if they are also antistatic agents too.
Reference is now made to solvents in which the flux composition can be dissolved to form a flux solution. As usual, to avoid bubbling or blistering during soldering, the solvent should be substantially evaporated from the flux composition by the time soldering occurs. For rapid manufacturing, the solvent should have high volatility, as for example lower molecular weight organic solvents, which are not only highly volatile but which inherently provide low residue upon evaporation. It should be recognized that the flux solvent should have a low evaporation residue, if low flux residue after soldering is desired. Borneol can be dissolved in low molecular weight alcohols, as for example methyl, ethyl and isopropyl alcohols, and ethers, which are inherently low residue solvents, preferably isopropyl alcohol. Borneol is also soluble in low residue and volatile hydrocarbons such as petroleum ethers, and the like. Other low residue solvents for borneol include benzene, toluene and acetone. Such solvents can also be used to dissolve most organic acid activators and flux solution additives.
It should also be mentioned that no particular heating is needed to vaporize the flux solvent. Accordingly, no special mention of heating has been made. On the other hand, we see no particular objection to warming the solution and/or the product being coated, so long as proper safety precautions are used. However, it is known that at the time of soldering, a flux solvent should be substantially completely evaporated. Otherwise one runs the risk that the remaining solvent will volatilize abruptly, causing bubbling, blistering, and/or solder balling during soldering, which is obviously objectionable.
The foregoing discussion discloses and describes several exemplary embodiments of the present invention. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from such discussion, and from the accompanying claims, that various changes, modifications and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 12, 1989
|Apr 2, 1991
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Thermally dissipated soldering flux
|May 4, 1990
|Apr 2, 1991
|Delco Electronics Corporation
|Low residue soldering flux
|Jul 31, 1990
|Jul 7, 1992
|Yuho Chemicals Inc.
|Additive for fluxes and soldering pastes
|Feb 28, 1994
|Apr 16, 1996
|Delco Electronics Corporation
|Low residue water-based soldering flux and process for soldering with same
|Apr 3, 1996
|May 5, 1998
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Laser-induced mass transfer imaging materials and methods utilizing colorless sublimable compounds
|Pengelly, M I et al Ann OccupHyg vol.38 No. 5 pp. 753 763, Mar. 8, 1994.
|Pengelly, M I et al Ann OccupHyg vol.38 No. 5 pp. 753-763, Mar. 8, 1994.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 8, 2001
|Oct 1, 2002
|Henkel Loctite Corporation
|Fluxing underfill compositions
|Sep 28, 2000
|Nov 5, 2002
|Peter Kukanskis
|Flux composition and corresponding soldering method
|Mar 18, 2003
|Jul 12, 2005
|Delphi Technologies, Inc.
|Wafer-applied underfill process
|Jun 23, 2005
|Jul 29, 2008
|Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
|Cure system, adhesive system, electronic device
|Jun 23, 2005
|Nov 4, 2008
|Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
|Method for producing cure system, adhesive system, and electronic device
|Jun 24, 2011
|Jun 24, 2014
|Ayumi Industry Co., Ltd.
|Bonding structure manufacturing method, heating and melting treatment method, and system therefor
|Sep 22, 2011
|Jan 27, 2015
|Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd.
|Conductive adhesive, and circuit board and electronic component module using the same
|May 12, 2014
|Aug 25, 2015
|Ayumi Industry Co., Ltd.
|Bonding structure manufacturing method, heating and melting treatment method, and system therefor
|Mar 18, 2003
|Sep 23, 2004
|Frank Stepniak
|Wafer-applied underfill process
|Jun 23, 2005
|Oct 5, 2006
|General Electric Company
|Method for producing cure system, adhesive system, and electronic device
|Jun 23, 2005
|Oct 5, 2006
|General Electric Company
|Cure system, adhesive system, electronic device
|Jan 28, 2008
|Aug 14, 2008
|Kazunori Sawa
|Conductive ball-or pin-mounted semiconductor packaging substrate, method for manufacturing the same and conductive bonding material
|Sep 22, 2011
|Mar 29, 2012
|Panasonic Corporation
|Conductive adhesive, and circuit board and electronic component module using the same
|Jun 24, 2011
|May 2, 2013
|Ayumi Industry Co., Ltd.
|Bonding Structure Manufacturing Method, Heating And Melting Treatment Method, And System Therefor
|Sep 28, 2011
|Apr 1, 2015
|Conductive adhesive, and circuit board and electronic component module using the same
|U.S. Classification
|148/23, 148/25
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 23, 1997
Owner name: DELCO ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BRISTOL, SAMUEL VICTOR;YOUNG, MARY BETH;SUMMERS, DAVID ROSS;REEL/FRAME:008645/0108
Effective date: 19970610
|Jun 30, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 23, 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jul 16, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 4, 2008
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Feb 26, 2008
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20080104


text:
I see that the overall dimensions are 22 inches high x 60 inches wide x 16 inches deep. May I have the specific dimensions of the top shelf? Also, what is the maximum load (weight that can be carried) this cabinet is rated for?
Love this tv stand, looks great,modern style and space saver..It is a pain to put together, took about 5 hours..instructions are horrible but overall great product...
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ITEM#: 13878444This sleek and stylish black entertainment cabinet from Furniture of America is designed to fit all models of flat screen televisions up to 60 inches. This unit's six individual sections and three large drawers offer plenty of storage for electronic devices. The modern design and black finish of this TV entertainment cabinet make it a strong accent piece for any living room.
- Materials: Wood, veneer, MDF, glass
- Finish: Black
- Three (3) drawers
- Spacious drawers run on solid metal glides
- Spacious top panel can solidly hold most flat screens TV up to 60 inches
- Three thick, clear glass shelves divides center portion of unit into six spacious compartments for electronics storage
- Curved legs
- Mid-century open back design
- Clean with a damp cloth
- Dimensions: 22 inches high x 60 inches wide x 16 inches deep
Assembly required
|Glass, MDF, Metal, Veneer, Wood
|Black Finish
|Assembly Required
|Furniture Frame Material
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Love this tv stand, looks great,modern style and space saver..It is a pain to put together, took about 5 hours..instructions are horrible but overall great productRead More
might as well be in russian instructions
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Most Helpful
Great entertainment cabinet
I looked at a lot of entertainment cabinets and this one just looked good on line and looks as good if not better in person. I picked this one too because it is open. I saw a few reviews where guys would adjust there enclosed cabinets because of the heat from their equipment. This one is open so I don't have to worry about the components heating up. Two of my components are a little high so I am only using one of the glass shelfs in the middle where the DVD and cable box is on the top and the middle speaker is on the bottom shelf. I have the CD and the turner on each of the side shelf. The unit looks great. The height is perfect too because I have it in front of two windows and it really doesn't block them at all. Yes I would recommend this entertainment cabinet.Read More
Looks like on the picture
I was reading a lot of reviews about the quality from other costumers, but each of them said its a high quality entertainment center so I dont have to worry. The price was excellent so I decided to give a try. After all, I can tell I am also a very happy owner. It looks great, and is just what I wanted. It came in two packages less than a week and I was a little worried about the glass shelves. But they were packed very tight in the middle of the box. The booklet was very clear what the steps are and the numbers on the pieces are big and very easy to see. Overall, it was easy to install. It took about two hours for me to put it together without help. Its pretty heavy and sturdy and has a good, contemporary look. Awesome entertainment centerRead More
Good product but check the specification
The product looks great and shipment arrived on time. Bought this stand for Samsung 60 inch TV. The TV base is 12" in Depth whereas this stand's top shelf depth is 11.5". So portion of the TV base is outside. Having spent good amount of money and time to setup this stand, I don't want to return. Thought of sharing this info so others can make decision before purchasing the product.Read More
Love this cabinet!
We were FINALLY updating our old TVs to flat screens, and needed a new media stand. This one was perfect-- not too large (it's about 2'x5'), cool curved sides, plenty of storage space (the 3 drawers at bottom hold SOOOO much!) 6 shelves for components, etc. It is just perfect!! It was delivered very quickly-- within a few days-- and was in perfect shape. It was a little hard to assemble-- but isn't everything?! They did include all the hardware, and the hardware needed for each step was in it's own little marked baggie-- so that made it easier. It took about 3-4 hours to assemble. Once it was done-- we LOVED it! I would def. recommend!!!Read More
In the end a very very nice Tv stand
I didn't think it would come in a million pieces but it did so it took a while to build and some of the directions confused my husband and I but in the end it looks wonderful. it also says that you can fit up to a 60 inch tv i doubt that we have a 55 it takes up most of the space.Read More
Questions & Answers
Hello OnlineShopper, the top shelf is approximately 12 inches deep. We do not currently weight test items. We apologize for any inconvenience. Thank you for shopping with us.
One of the questions asks about the drawer dimensions and they are noted as "approximate". A standard DVD is 5.5 inches on it's side. The dimension provided is 5 inches high. Is there anyway to determine how approximate that is? I need it for DVD's as well and cannot purchase unless it is 5.5 inches high. Also, what are the dimensions of the shelves?
Hello NC Mom, the drawers are the drawer dimensions are approximately 5 inches high x 17 inches wide x 13 inches deep.and will not accommodate a 5.5 inch high DVD. The top shelves are approximately 5 inches high x 18 inches wide x 12 inches deep. The bottom shelves are approximately 5 inches high x 18 inches wide x 14 inches deep. Thanks for shopping with us!
Why did you choose this product?
I really love the look!
Because it looks good and has great reviews
hi, can you please provide the width, depth and height of the drawers ? I want to make sure a DVD case will fit in them on their side edge, not stacking
Hello 827hmr, the drawer dimensions are approximately 17 inches wide x 13 inches deep x 5 inches high. Thanks for shopping with us!
Does it come in brown/espresso?
Hi unajd, unfortunately this item does not come in espresso. We apologize for the inconvenience.
Are the glass shelves adjustable in height?
Thank you for your question poppyseedtoast. The glass shelves are not adjustable in height. Have a great day.
Unfortunately, the glass shelves are not adjustable in height.
do I need to buy a bracket separately.?? I have a 52 inch Samsung that I don't have a base for. If I do can I purchase a swivel mount??
Hello chrissyo1, you would need to buy a bracket to mount this tv. I hope this helps you. Thank you for shopping with us.
Items are restocked as they become available, however we cannot guarantee an item will be restocked. Please feel free to check back with us periodically to see if the item has returned.
Can a TV mount be fitted with this unit?
Unit is designed to be against a wall, if customer has a wall mount to place T.V. above the console one may always do so. If customer is asking if possible to mount T.V. to back of the TV console it is not advised or encouraged.
What is the inside dimension of the drawers?
Thank you for your interest. We are currently looking into this. Your answer will be posted in 1 to 2 business days.
The dimension of the drawers are approximately 17 inches wide x 13 inches deep x 5 inches high.
do you have a video of how to put this together? I'm having a hard time putting this together. please help. Thank you
Unfortunately, we do not have a video that shows how to assemble this product. We apologize for the inconvenience.
What is the exact color of this unit? Please confirm with the wharehouse as it appears to be a wenge brown on my screen. Thanks.
It is black.
Is the Grove Black 60" TV Entertainment Cabinet actually Black? Is the finish a woodgrain? Thanks
The item is black. The item''s finish is black.
Are the glass shelves removable?
Yes, the glass shelves are removable.
what is the height from the floor to the top shelf. I am wondering at what height my television will be siting at. The product details say the height is 21 1/2 inches high.
The product detail may have been updated recently, but the height from the floor to the top shelf states 22 inches.
are the glass shelves removable?
Yes, they rest on little suction cups
Hi i was wondering if the top shelf was 16 inch's deep or was that the bottem shelfs. i have a TV thats base is 15 inch's front to back so i want make sure it will fit on the top of the stand thank you.
The dimensions are 55.25 inches wide by 11.5 inches deep by 1.25 inches high.
What is the exact finish of this item? When I zoom in, it appears to be a "wenge" or dark walnut finish? I would like to make sure it will match the rest of my living items before purchasing. Please and thank you.
The item is actually black.
What is the exact width and depth of each shelf?
The top shelves are 18 inches wide, 12 inches deep, and 5 inches high. The bottom shelves are 18 inches wide, 14 inches deep, and 5 inches high.
What is the weight limit on this stand?
The weight limit for this stand is 150 pounds.
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Spirit of the Southwest
Capture the enchanting aura cast by red rock and turquise stone in home furnishings and decorative accessories inspired by the American Southwest.
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Standard Return Policy:
Items must be returned in new or unused condition and contain all original materials included with the shipment. More Details
FINAL SALE EXCLUSION: Items marked as FINAL SALE are not returnable unless the problem you experience is the result of our error.
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** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.
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text:
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Chuck Berry - My Ding-A-Ling
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text:
Quiet Shore by AniaMohrbacherWatch
©2011-2016 AniaMohrbacher
Your artwork is simply lovely!
You have such talent. GORGEOUS!
This is some awesome character design there!
Love it.
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This is amazing. It's like my brain's being simultaneously eaten by Lewis Carrol and Madeline L'Engle. I definitely will check out the series.
Wow this is fantastical and awesome!! =] I love the fish creature thing =]
I love your surreal style! Gorgeous!!
Beautiful work!
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Love your work! It's like fantasy reborn Very refreshing to see artists like you
VERY VERY COOL! Always great to see something new of yours. Glad to see you have been able to ind some time to make art!
I'm glad I was able to find time for that too! I guess the less time I have the more inclined I am to use it in productive manner
Yeah! I bet! You know a a little bundle of motivation to make the most of your free time Hope to see more
Eager to see all of them... amazing ideas and amazing works
I'm already working on the next one, and I'm pretty excited about it so far I'm glad that you like them!
This is awesome Ania, and congratulations on the baby.
lovely work!
this little series is turning out great so far! Can't wait to see more. Love the way you painted the fish-like creature.
Oh wow! Love this!
I like it!! very imaginative!!
Flying fish and water watchers. Delightful, Ania. I'm looking forward to hearing the story.
This is totally surreal! I love the little koala-like guy she's holding.


text: McLarenP February 23, 2012 8:10 AM Last Edited 1443 days ago I can't see the point in racing if Eugene's hand isn't healed enough. As he says himself, he needs to be 100% fit to get where he needs to be in the race, so it's a bit daft to go out there with a knackered hand isn't it! Look how hard Jonathan Rea tried to carry on with a damaged wrist before admitting defeat and staying away to sort himself out good and proper. Rome wasn't built in a day and the season has a long way to go so I would wait if I was Eugene, but we will see what the outcome is soon!! Reply Report abuse 3 agree 7 disagree


text:
Unfriendly AI cannot be the Great Filter
Summary: The fact we do not observe (and have not been wiped out by) an UFAI suggests the main component of the 'great filter' cannot be civilizations like ours being wiped out by UFAI. Gentle introduction (assuming no knowledge) and links to much better discussion below. Introduction The Great Filter is the idea that although […]Continue reading →


text:
Lay me down Softly – Tricycle Theatre – until 6 August
This production of Billy Roche's play, presented by the Wexford Arts Centre in association with Mosshouse, transports you to the shady world of Delaney's Travelling Roadshow and 1960's rural Ireland. Step inside the boxing ring, and somewhere between the fights and the fortune tellers, the bookies and the bloodshed, rub shoulders with its wayward wards. A mythic tale of love, loss and pain, which follows on from the success of Roche's acclaimed productions 'The Wexford Trilogy' and 'The Calvalcaders. Find out more here.


text:
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|General Specifications
|Internet Keys
|Total Keys
|Feather Touch
|Keyboard & Mouse Combo
|2 x AAA (Keyboard) and 1 x AA (Mouse) Batteries
|Switch Life
|10 Million Life Cycles
|OS Supported
|Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7
|Multimedia Keys
|2.4 GHz Wireless transmission, Hassle free performance, Water resistant design, Nano USB Receiver, Multimedia keyboard, Long battery life, Universal Back button, Forward button
|Warranty Summary
|3 Years
Please Note: All products sold on Flipkart are brand new and 100% genuine
Have you used this product?
Rate it now.Write a Review
Sudheer M
Jul 3, 2013
Good offer, value for money
May 21, 2013
worth a buy !!
Abhijeet N Kavita
Mar 25, 2013
Mouse disconnects freaquently
Venkat Ragavan
Feb 15, 2013
Worth the money, But there are better products out there!
Girish Ahir
Jan 5, 2013
Best Power Saving Wireless Combo
'Top Reviews' lists the most relevant product reviews only. Show ALL instead?Expand all Reviews
Apr 4, 2012
for limitations please see PS in my review.I also purchased iball wireless keyboard set with mouse which cost me 1150 in local market.
Dhaval Jariwala
Feb 17, 2012
Good Product but not excellentGood things
Venkat Ragavan
Feb 15, 2013
Worth the money, But there are better products out there!The product is cheap to begin with. I got this as an interim replacement for my old Microsoft combo until i saved more to get a better model again(curve or something like that). But things have been hectic and I have been using it for more than six months now.
Oct 26, 2012
Disapointed with MouseThis is a good combo in 1150/- market price .i am using it for last few months The key board is very good but at that time Mouse using after a few hours behaves like you are the wrong person using it ,you try to take the crusher somewhere & it goes some where else .But the CPI button is very good with it u can increase or decrease the speed, at first time the button was mystery for me .The key down to your fore finger is nice with it u can go back or forward in your web Browser,picture viewer & windows explorer.Over all its a 3.5 out of 5
Nitin Verma
Jun 24, 2012
an okay productI received the defective keyboard on first instance but got the replacement within 2 weeks.
Biswajit Roy
Mar 8, 2012
A Good Product In This Price RangeI am using this product for more than a month and is working well. Especially the key functions a really feather touch - true to its name. Earlier I used TVS Gold but this is good too as compared to its price tag.
Sudheer M
Jul 3, 2013
Good offer, value for moneyBought this product sometime back from flipkart. I am using it for my laptop as well as my desktop. Battery lasts quite long and also the keys are quite smooth. Mouse is also working well and I am very happy with my purchase.
May 21, 2013
worth a buy !!have been using this product from one year and continues to work fine....
Abhijeet N Kavita
Mar 25, 2013
Mouse disconnects freaquentlyKeybd is very good but the mouse is 2 bad n gets disconnected frequently. Anybody has solution? Please Help. Thanks! Logitech, Microsoft are better. The Keyboard consumes lesser power than the logitech one.
Girish Ahir
Jan 5, 2013
Best Power Saving Wireless ComboIt just a common wireless receiver for both keyboard and mouse.


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text:
Villa de Tacvnga Hotel
Welcome to VILLA Tacvnga, the only hotel in the world built on pumice Cotopaxi volcano.
Located in the historic center of the city of Latacunga, those staying in this house become part of a story that began in 1742 when the written Cotopaxi volcano became active and then that pumice was used to lift these walls knew accommodate illustrious figures in the history of Ecuador.
Availability & RatesTo view availability and prices please select dates and click 'Update Dates'
Hotel Facilities & Policies
- 24 hour reception
- Airport transfers
- Bar
- Breakfast Included
- Cafeteria
- Cots available
- Credit Cards Accepted
- Currency exchange
- DVDs
- Fax Service
- Free City Maps
- Free Internet Access
- Free Parking
- Hair Dryers
- House Keeping
- Internet Access
- Laundry Facilities
- Luggage Storage
- Parking
- Postal Service
- Restaurant
- Safety Deposit Box
- Tours/Travel Desk
Cancellation PolicyThis property has a 3 day cancellation policy. Failure to cancel within this time will result in a cancellation charge equal to the first night of your stay.
DirectionsShow MapHide Map
You can take a taxi from the airport in Quito, south on the Panamerican 135 km
Interprovincial Bus from the Bus Terminal Quitumbe, take a bus to Latacunga berry and from there take unTaxi up to the Hotel in front of the Church of Santo Domingo