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A multiple-scale simulation of variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide using a coupled biosphere-atmospheric model
Collett Jr., Jeffrey L.
A multiple-scale simulation of variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide using a coupled biosphere, carbon dioxide, biosphere, regional-scale modeling, missing sink, carbon dioxide fluxes Citation), A multiple-scale simulation of variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide using a coupled biosphere
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
try on their large scale applications on Hopper for better performance. Try different compilers and compiler options The available compilers on Hopper are PGI, Cray, Intel, GNU,...
Large scale tracking algorithms.
Hansen, Ross L.; Love, Joshua Alan; Melgaard, David Kennett; Karelitz, David B.; Pitts, Todd Alan; Zollweg, Joshua David; Anderson, Dylan Z.; Nandy, Prabal; Whitlow, Gary L.; Bender, Daniel A.; Byrne, Raymond Harry
Low signal-to-noise data processing algorithms for improved detection, tracking, discrimination and situational threat assessment are a key research challenge. As sensor technologies progress, the number of pixels will increase signi cantly. This will result in increased resolution, which could improve object discrimination, but unfortunately, will also result in a significant increase in the number of potential targets to track. Many tracking techniques, like multi-hypothesis trackers, suffer from a combinatorial explosion as the number of potential targets increase. As the resolution increases, the phenomenology applied towards detection algorithms also changes. For low resolution sensors, "blob" tracking is the norm. For higher resolution data, additional information may be employed in the detection and classfication steps. The most challenging scenarios are those where the targets cannot be fully resolved, yet must be tracked and distinguished for neighboring closely spaced objects. Tracking vehicles in an urban environment is an example of such a challenging scenario. This report evaluates several potential tracking algorithms for large-scale tracking in an urban environment.
Conundrum of the Large Scale Streaming
T. M. Malm
The etiology of the large scale peculiar velocity (large scale streaming motion) of clusters would increasingly seem more tenuous, within the context of the gravitational instability hypothesis. Are there any alternative testable models possibly accounting for such large scale streaming of clusters?
Large-Scale Information Systems
D. M. Nicol; H. R. Ammerlahn; M. E. Goldsby; M. M. Johnson; D. E. Rhodes; A. S. Yoshimura
Large enterprises are ever more dependent on their Large-Scale Information Systems (LSLS), computer systems that are distinguished architecturally by distributed components--data sources, networks, computing engines, simulations, human-in-the-loop control and remote access stations. These systems provide such capabilities as workflow, data fusion and distributed database access. The Nuclear Weapons Complex (NWC) contains many examples of LSIS components, a fact that motivates this research. However, most LSIS in use grew up from collections of separate subsystems that were not designed to be components of an integrated system. For this reason, they are often difficult to analyze and control. The problem is made more difficult by the size of a typical system, its diversity of information sources, and the institutional complexities associated with its geographic distribution across the enterprise. Moreover, there is no integrated approach for analyzing or managing such systems. Indeed, integrated development of LSIS is an active area of academic research. This work developed such an approach by simulating the various components of the LSIS and allowing the simulated components to interact with real LSIS subsystems. This research demonstrated two benefits. First, applying it to a particular LSIS provided a thorough understanding of the interfaces between the system's components. Second, it demonstrated how more rapid and detailed answers could be obtained to questions significant to the enterprise by interacting with the relevant LSIS subsystems through simulated components designed with those questions in mind. In a final, added phase of the project, investigations were made on extending this research to wireless communication networks in support of telemetry applications.
Large Scale Energy Storage: From Nanomaterials to Large Systems
Fisher, Frank
Large Scale Energy Storage: From Nanomaterials to Large Systems Wednesday October 26, 2011, Babbio energy storage devices. Specifically, this talk discusses 1) the challenges for grid scale of emergent technologies with ultralow costs on new energy storage materials and mechanisms. Dr. Jun Liu
High Performance Electronic Structure Engineering: Large Scale...
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High Performance Electronic Structure Engineering: Large Scale GW Calculations Event Sponsor: Argonne Leadership Computing Facility Seminar Start Date: Aug 7 2015 - 10:00am...
Steinhaus, Thomas; Welch, Stephen; Carvel, Ricky O; Torero, Jose L
A review of research into the burning behaviour of large pool fires and fuel spill fires is presented. The features which distinguish such fires from smaller pool fires are mainly associated with the fire dynamics at low ...
Microfluidic Large-Scale Integration: The Evolution
Quake, Stephen R.
Microfluidic Large-Scale Integration: The Evolution of Design Rules for Biological Automation, polydimethylsiloxane Abstract Microfluidic large-scale integration (mLSI) refers to the develop- ment of microfluidic, are discussed. Several microfluidic components used as building blocks to create effective, complex, and highly
Management of Large-Scale International
Management of Large- Scale International Science Projects Dr. Benjamin J. Cross, P.E. Savannah of Government Commerce) #12;Extending Project Management to New, Complex Challenges Ę Emergence of large-scale-of-the-art R&D and technologies Ł Exceedingly high energies, temperatures, radiological conditions, special
DLFM library tools for large scale dynamic applications.
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DLFM library tools for large scale dynamic applications DLFM library tools for large scale dynamic applications Large scale Python and other dynamic applications may spend huge...
Program Management for Large Scale Engineering Programs
Oehmen, Josef
The goal of this whitepaper is to summarize the LAI research that applies to program management. The context of most of the research discussed in this whitepaper are large-scale engineering programs, particularly in the ...
Large-scale gyrokinetic particle simulation of
Oliker, Leonid
areas of research including plasma astrophysics and fusion energy science. Fusion is the power source that are still needed to make fusion energy a practical realization. Research in plasma science requiresLarge-scale gyrokinetic particle simulation of microturbulence in magnetically confined fusion
learn invent impact Design of Large Scale
McCalley, James D.
learn invent impact Design of Large Scale Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Wind Turbines.iastate.edu Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) Source: http://www.digikey.com/en-US/articles/techzone/2012of% 20PM_Generator_RPI_Qu_v8.pdf Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators Rotor PMDD Generator Full
The Effective Field Theory of Cosmological Large Scale Structures...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
The Effective Field Theory of Cosmological Large Scale Structures Citation Details In-Document Search Title: The Effective Field Theory of Cosmological Large Scale Structures...
The Effective Field Theory of Cosmological Large Scale Structures...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
The Effective Field Theory of Cosmological Large Scale Structures Citation Details In-Document Search Title: The Effective Field Theory of Cosmological Large Scale Structures ...
ACCOLADES: A Scalable Workflow Framework for Large-Scale Simulation...
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ACCOLADES: A Scalable Workflow Framework for Large-Scale Simulation and Analyses of Automotive Engines Title ACCOLADES: A Scalable Workflow Framework for Large-Scale Simulation and...
Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for Advanced Scientific...
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Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for Advanced Scientific Computing Research: Target 2014 ASCRFrontcover.png Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for...
Overcoming the Barrier to Achieving Large-Scale Production -...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Overcoming the Barrier to Achieving Large-Scale Production - A Case Study Overcoming the Barrier to Achieving Large-Scale Production - A Case Study This presentation summarizes the...
Large-Scale PV Integration Study
Lu, Shuai; Etingov, Pavel V.; Diao, Ruisheng; Ma, Jian; Samaan, Nader A.; Makarov, Yuri V.; Guo, Xinxin; Hafen, Ryan P.; Jin, Chunlian; Kirkham, Harold; Shlatz, Eugene; Frantzis, Lisa; McClive, Timothy; Karlson, Gregory; Acharya, Dhruv; Ellis, Abraham; Stein, Joshua; Hansen, Clifford; Chadliev, Vladimir; Smart, Michael; Salgo, Richard; Sorensen, Rahn; Allen, Barbara; Idelchik, Boris
This research effort evaluates the impact of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) and distributed generation (DG) output on NV EnergyÆs electric grid system in southern Nevada. It analyzes the ability of NV EnergyÆs generation to accommodate increasing amounts of utility-scale PV and DG, and the resulting cost of integrating variable renewable resources. The study was jointly funded by the United States Department of Energy and NV Energy, and conducted by a project team comprised of industry experts and research scientists from Navigant Consulting Inc., Sandia National Laboratories, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and NV Energy.
1 National Roadmap Committee for Large-Scale Research Facilities the netherlands' roadmap for large-scale research facilities
Horn, David
#12;1 National Roadmap Committee for Large-Scale Research Facilities the netherlands' roadmap for large-scale research facilities #12;2 National Roadmap Committee for Large-Scale Research Facilities1 by Roselinde Supheert) #12;3 National Roadmap Committee for Large-Scale Research Facilities The Netherlands
Batteries for Large Scale Energy Storage
Soloveichik, Grigorii L.
In recent years, with the deployment of renewable energy sources, advances in electrified transportation, and development in smart grids, the markets for large-scale stationary energy storage have grown rapidly. Electrochemical energy storage methods are strong candidate solutions due to their high energy density, flexibility, and scalability. This review provides an overview of mature and emerging technologies for secondary and redox flow batteries. New developments in the chemistry of secondary and flow batteries as well as regenerative fuel cells are also considered. Advantages and disadvantages of current and prospective electrochemical energy storage options are discussed. The most promising technologies in the short term are high-temperature sodium batteries with ?ö-alumina electrolyte, lithium-ion batteries, and flow batteries. Regenerative fuel cells and lithium metal batteries with high energy density require further research to become practical.
Theoretical Tools for Large Scale Structure
J. R. Bond; L. Kofman; D. Pogosyan; J. Wadsley
We review the main theoretical aspects of the structure formation paradigm which impinge upon wide angle surveys: the early universe generation of gravitational metric fluctuations from quantum noise in scalar inflaton fields; the well understood and computed linear regime of CMB anisotropy and large scale structure (LSS) generation; the weakly nonlinear regime, where higher order perturbation theory works well, and where the cosmic web picture operates, describing an interconnected LSS of clusters bridged by filaments, with membranes as the intrafilament webbing. Current CMB+LSS data favour the simplest inflation-based $\\Lambda$CDM models, with a primordial spectral index within about 5% of scale invariant and $\\Omega_\\Lambda \\approx 2/3$, similar to that inferred from SNIa observations, and with open CDM models strongly disfavoured. The attack on the nonlinear regime with a variety of N-body and gas codes is described, as are the excursion set and peak-patch semianalytic approaches to object collapse. The ingredients are mixed together in an illustrative gasdynamical simulation of dense supercluster formation.
Locations of Smart Grid Demonstration and Large-Scale Energy...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Locations of Smart Grid Demonstration and Large-Scale Energy Storage Projects Locations of Smart Grid Demonstration and Large-Scale Energy Storage Projects Map of the United States...
FEMP Helps Federal Facilities Develop Large-Scale Renewable Energy...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
FEMP Helps Federal Facilities Develop Large-Scale Renewable Energy Projects FEMP Helps Federal Facilities Develop Large-Scale Renewable Energy Projects August 21, 2013 - 12:00am...
Energy Department Loan Guarantee Would Support Large-Scale Rooftop...
Loan Guarantee Would Support Large-Scale Rooftop Solar Power for U.S. Military Housing Energy Department Loan Guarantee Would Support Large-Scale Rooftop Solar Power for U.S....
Sensitivity technologies for large scale simulation.
Collis, Samuel Scott; Bartlett, Roscoe Ainsworth; Smith, Thomas Michael; Heinkenschloss, Matthias; Wilcox, Lucas C.; Hill, Judith C.; Ghattas, Omar; Berggren, Martin Olof; Akcelik, Volkan; Ober, Curtis Curry; van Bloemen Waanders, Bart Gustaaf; Keiter, Eric Richard
Sensitivity analysis is critically important to numerous analysis algorithms, including large scale optimization, uncertainty quantification,reduced order modeling, and error estimation. Our research focused on developing tools, algorithms and standard interfaces to facilitate the implementation of sensitivity type analysis into existing code and equally important, the work was focused on ways to increase the visibility of sensitivity analysis. We attempt to accomplish the first objective through the development of hybrid automatic differentiation tools, standard linear algebra interfaces for numerical algorithms, time domain decomposition algorithms and two level Newton methods. We attempt to accomplish the second goal by presenting the results of several case studies in which direct sensitivities and adjoint methods have been effectively applied, in addition to an investigation of h-p adaptivity using adjoint based a posteriori error estimation. A mathematical overview is provided of direct sensitivities and adjoint methods for both steady state and transient simulations. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the utility of these methods. A direct sensitivity method is implemented to solve a source inversion problem for steady state internal flows subject to convection diffusion. Real time performance is achieved using novel decomposition into offline and online calculations. Adjoint methods are used to reconstruct initial conditions of a contamination event in an external flow. We demonstrate an adjoint based transient solution. In addition, we investigated time domain decomposition algorithms in an attempt to improve the efficiency of transient simulations. Because derivative calculations are at the root of sensitivity calculations, we have developed hybrid automatic differentiation methods and implemented this approach for shape optimization for gas dynamics using the Euler equations. The hybrid automatic differentiation method was applied to a first order approximation of the Euler equations and used as a preconditioner. In comparison to other methods, the AD preconditioner showed better convergence behavior. Our ultimate target is to perform shape optimization and hp adaptivity using adjoint formulations in the Premo compressible fluid flow simulator. A mathematical formulation for mixed-level simulation algorithms has been developed where different physics interact at potentially different spatial resolutions in a single domain. To minimize the implementation effort, explicit solution methods can be considered, however, implicit methods are preferred if computational efficiency is of high priority. We present the use of a partial elimination nonlinear solver technique to solve these mixed level problems and show how these formulation are closely coupled to intrusive optimization approaches and sensitivity analyses. Production codes are typically not designed for sensitivity analysis or large scale optimization. The implementation of our optimization libraries into multiple production simulation codes in which each code has their own linear algebra interface becomes an intractable problem. In an attempt to streamline this task, we have developed a standard interface between the numerical algorithm (such as optimization) and the underlying linear algebra. These interfaces (TSFCore and TSFCoreNonlin) have been adopted by the Trilinos framework and the goal is to promote the use of these interfaces especially with new developments. Finally, an adjoint based a posteriori error estimator has been developed for discontinuous Galerkin discretization of Poisson's equation. The goal is to investigate other ways to leverage the adjoint calculations and we show how the convergence of the forward problem can be improved by adapting the grid using adjoint-based error estimates. Error estimation is usually conducted with continuous adjoints but if discrete adjoints are available it may be possible to reuse the discrete version for error estimation. We investigate the advantages and disadvantages of continuous and discre
Language Requirements for Large-Scale Generic Libraries
Lumsdaine, Andrew
Language Requirements for Large-Scale Generic Libraries Jeremy Siek and Andrew Lumsdaine {jsiek-scale software libraries. The fundamental principle of generic pro- gramming is the realization of interfaces programming and large-scale libraries. In this paper, we present an overview of G and analyze
Detection and Classification of Ash Dieback on Large-Scale
Detection and Classification of Ash Dieback on Large-Scale Color Aerial Photographs Ralph J of Agriculture 1966 #12;Croxton, Ralph J. 1966. Detection and classification of ash dieback on large- scale. Forest Serv. Res. Paper PSW-35) Aerial color photographs were taken at two scales over ash stands in New
Large scale prediction models and algorithms
Monsch, Matthieu (Matthieu Frederic)
Over 90% of the data available across the world has been produced over the last two years, and the trend is increasing. It has therefore become paramount to develop algorithms which are able to scale to very high dimensions. ...
Optimizing Cluster Heads for Energy Efficiency in Large-Scale...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Optimizing Cluster Heads for Energy Efficiency in Large-Scale Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Gu, Yi; Wu, Qishi; Rao, Nageswara S. V. Hindawi Publishing Corporation None...
Energy Department Applauds Nation's First Large-Scale Industrial...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Large-Scale Industrial Carbon Capture, Storage Plant Begins Construction The 15,000 square-foot sustainably designed National Sequestration Education Center, located at Richland...
Optimizing Cluster Heads for Energy Efficiency in Large-Scale...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
clustering is generally considered as an efficient and scalable way to facilitate the management and operation of such large-scale networks and minimize the total energy...
ORNL demonstrates first large-scale graphene fabrication | ornl...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
ORNL demonstrates first large-scale graphene composite fabrication ORNL's ultrastrong graphene features layers of graphene and polymers and is an effective conductor of...
A Model for Turbulent Combustion Simulation of Large Scale Hydrogen...
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A Model for Turbulent Combustion Simulation of Large Scale Hydrogen Explosions Event Sponsor: Argonne Leadership Computing Facility Seminar Start Date: Oct 6 2015 - 10:00am...
Energy Department Applauds Nation's First Large-Scale Industrial...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
today's groundbreaking for construction of the nation's first large-scale industrial carbon capture and storage (ICCS) facility in Decatur, Illinois. Supported by the 2009...
Effects of Volcanism, Crustal Thickness, and Large Scale Faulting...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Effects of Volcanism, Crustal Thickness, and Large Scale Faulting on the Development and Evolution of Geothermal Systems: Collaborative Project in Chile Effects of Volcanism,...
Large Scale GSHP as Alternative Energy for American Farmers Geothermal...
technologies, and remove the farming business risk associated with fluctuating fuel prices. PI Xu has many years experience in large scale GSHP for commercial and industrial...
Optimization Online - A fictitious play approach to large-scale ...
Theodore Lambert
Aug 1, 2004 ... A fictitious play approach to large-scale optimization. Theodore Lambert (tlambert ***at*** tmcc.edu) Marina A. Epelman (mepelman ***at***Ā...
Advancing Cellulosic Ethanol for Large Scale Sustainable Transportation
Wyman, C
Advancing Cellulosic Ethanol for Large Scale SustainableHydrogen Batteries Nuclear By Lee Lynd, Dartmouth Ethanol ĢEthanol, ethyl alcohol, fermentation ethanol, or just ō
Towards a Large-Scale Recording System: Demonstration of Polymer...
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Towards a Large-Scale Recording System: Demonstration of Polymer-Based Penetrating Array for Chronic Neural Recording Citation Details In-Document Search Title: Towards a...
An Occupied Subspace Optimization for Linear Scaling in LargeScale Ab Initio Electronic
Raczkowski, David
1 CONTENTS An Occupied Subspace Optimization for Linear Scaling in LargeŁScale Ab Initio Electronic 2000 Physics An Occupied Subspace Optimization for Linear Scaling in Large Scale Ab Initio Electronic Structure Calculations Abstract We present an approach to electronic structure calcuŁ lations that replaces
Large-Scale Wind Training Program
Porter, Richard L. [Hudson Valley Community College
Project objective is to develop a credit-bearing wind technician program and a non-credit safety training program, train faculty, and purchase/install large wind training equipment.
Engineering Large scale separation and purification processes
glassy polymers, polymer-selective nanoparticle hybrids and carbon molecular sieve (CMS) materials cover a heavy burden on available energy resources and lead to large increases in carbon dioxide emissions under a "business as usual" scenario. Advanced membrane and sorbent approaches that minimize energy intensive phase
Bak-Jensen, Birgitte
of offshore wind farms, wind power fluctuations may introduce several challenges to reliable power system behaviour due to natural wind fluctuations. The rapid power fluctuations from the large scale wind farms Generation Control (AGC) system which includes large- scale wind farms for long-term stability simulation
Climate impacts of a large-scale biofuels expansion*
Climate impacts of a large-scale biofuels expansion* Willow Hallgren, C. Adam Schlosser, Erwan impacts of a large-scale biofuels expansion Willow Hallgren,1 C. Adam Schlosser,1 Erwan Monier,1 David March 2013. [1] A global biofuels program will potentially lead to intense pressures on land supply
Large-Scale Eucalyptus Energy Farms and Power Cogeneration1
Large-Scale Eucalyptus Energy Farms and Power Cogeneration1 Robert C. Noronla2 The initiation of a large-scale cogeneration project, especially one that combines construction of the power generation supplemental fuel source must be sought if the cogeneration facility will consume more fuel than
Markov Chain Analysis for Large-Scale Grid Systems
Markov Chain Analysis for Large-Scale Grid Systems Christopher Dabrowski Fern Hunt NISTIR 7566 #12;2 #12;3 NISTIR 7566 Markov Chain Analysis for Large-Scale Grid Systems Christopher Dabrowski Software and Systems Division Information Technology Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology
Large Scale Weather Control Using Nuclear Reactors
Moninder Singh Modgil
It is pointed out that controlled release of thermal energy from fission type nuclear reactors can be used to alter weather patterns over significantly large geographical regions. (1) Nuclear heat creates a low pressure region, which can be used to draw moist air from oceans, onto deserts. (2) Creation of low pressure zones over oceans using Nuclear heat can lead to Controlled Cyclone Creation (CCC).(3) Nuclear heat can also be used to melt glaciers and control water flow in rivers.
Large Scale Weather Control Using Nuclear Reactors
Singh-Modgil, M
It is pointed out that controlled release of thermal energy from fission type nuclear reactors can be used to alter weather patterns over significantly large geographical regions. (1) Nuclear heat creates a low pressure region, which can be used to draw moist air from oceans, onto deserts. (2) Creation of low pressure zones over oceans using Nuclear heat can lead to Controlled Cyclone Creation (CCC).(3) Nuclear heat can also be used to melt glaciers and control water flow in rivers.
Autonomie Large Scale Deployment | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:FinancingPetroleum Based Fuels Research atDepartmentAuditsDepartment of(TEG)of Energy1Large
Goethite Bench-scale and Large-scale Preparation Tests
Josephson, Gary B.; Westsik, Joseph H.
The Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) is the keystone for cleanup of high-level radioactive waste from our nation's nuclear defense program. The WTP will process high-level waste from the Hanford tanks and produce immobilized high-level waste glass for disposal at a national repository, low activity waste (LAW) glass, and liquid effluent from the vitrification off-gas scrubbers. The liquid effluent will be stabilized into a secondary waste form (e.g. grout-like material) and disposed on the Hanford site in the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) along with the low-activity waste glass. The major long-term environmental impact at Hanford results from technetium that volatilizes from the WTP melters and finally resides in the secondary waste. Laboratory studies have indicated that pertechnetate ({sup 99}TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) can be reduced and captured into a solid solution of {alpha}-FeOOH, goethite (Um 2010). Goethite is a stable mineral and can significantly retard the release of technetium to the environment from the IDF. The laboratory studies were conducted using reaction times of many days, which is typical of environmental subsurface reactions that were the genesis of this new process. This study was the first step in considering adaptation of the slow laboratory steps to a larger-scale and faster process that could be conducted either within the WTP or within the effluent treatment facility (ETF). Two levels of scale-up tests were conducted (25x and 400x). The largest scale-up produced slurries of Fe-rich precipitates that contained rhenium as a nonradioactive surrogate for {sup 99}Tc. The slurries were used in melter tests at Vitreous State Laboratory (VSL) to determine whether captured rhenium was less volatile in the vitrification process than rhenium in an unmodified feed. A critical step in the technetium immobilization process is to chemically reduce Tc(VII) in the pertechnetate (TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) to Tc(Iv)by reaction with the ferrous ion, Fe{sup 2+}-Fe{sup 2+} is oxidized to Fe{sup 3+} - in the presence of goethite seed particles. Rhenium does not mimic that process; it is not a strong enough reducing agent to duplicate the TcO{sub 4}{sup -}/Fe{sup 2+} redox reactions. Laboratory tests conducted in parallel with these scaled tests identified modifications to the liquid chemistry necessary to reduce ReO{sub 4}{sup -} and capture rhenium in the solids at levels similar to those achieved by Um (2010) for inclusion of Tc into goethite. By implementing these changes, Re was incorporated into Fe-rich solids for testing at VSL. The changes also changed the phase of iron that was in the slurry product: rather than forming goethite ({alpha}-FeOOH), the process produced magnetite (Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}). Magnetite was considered by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and VSL to probably be a better product to improve Re retention in the melter because it decomposes at a higher temperature than goethite (1538 C vs. 136 C). The feasibility tests at VSL were conducted using Re-rich magnetite. The tests did not indicate an improved retention of Re in the glass during vitrification, but they did indicate an improved melting rate (+60%), which could have significant impact on HLW processing. It is still to be shown whether the Re is a solid solution in the magnetite as {sup 99}Tc was determined to be in goethite.
Superconducting materials for large scale applications
Scanlan, Ronald M.; Malozemoff, Alexis P.; Larbalestier, David C.
Significant improvements in the properties ofsuperconducting materials have occurred recently. These improvements arebeing incorporated into the latest generation of wires, cables, and tapesthat are being used in a broad range of prototype devices. These devicesinclude new, high field accelerator and NMR magnets, magnets for fusionpower experiments, motors, generators, and power transmission lines.These prototype magnets are joining a wide array of existing applicationsthat utilize the unique capabilities of superconducting magnets:accelerators such as the Large Hadron Collider, fusion experiments suchas ITER, 930 MHz NMR, and 4 Tesla MRI. In addition, promising newmaterials such as MgB2 have been discovered and are being studied inorder to assess their potential for new applications. In this paper, wewill review the key developments that are leading to these newapplications for superconducting materials. In some cases, the key factoris improved understanding or development of materials with significantlyimproved properties. An example of the former is the development of Nb3Snfor use in high field magnets for accelerators. In other cases, thedevelopment is being driven by the application. The aggressive effort todevelop HTS tapes is being driven primarily by the need for materialsthat can operate at temperatures of 50 K and higher. The implications ofthese two drivers for further developments will be discussed. Finally, wewill discuss the areas where further improvements are needed in order fornew applications to be realized.
Stabilization of Large Scale Structure by Adhesive Gravitational Clustering
Thomas Buchert
The interplay between gravitational and dispersive forces in a multi-streamed medium leads to an effect which is exposed in the present note as the genuine driving force of stabilization of large-scale structure. The conception of `adhesive gravitational clustering' is advanced to interlock the fairly well-understood epoch of formation of large-scale structure and the onset of virialization into objects that are dynamically in equilibrium with their large-scale structure environment. The classical `adhesion model' is opposed to a class of more general models traced from the physical origin of adhesion in kinetic theory.
How Three Retail Buyers Source Large-Scale Solar Electricity
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Large-scale, non-utility solar power purchase agreements (PPAs) are still a rarity despite the growing popularity of PPAs across the country. In this webinar, participants will learn more about how...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
LARGE-SCALE CORONAL PROPAGATING FRONTS IN SOLAR ERUPTIONS AS OBSERVED BY THE ATMOSPHERIC IMAGING ASSEMBLY ON BOARD THE SOLAR DYNAMICS OBSERVATORY-AN ENSEMBLE STUDY Re-direct...
Surrogate modeling for large-scale black-box systems
Liem, Rhea Patricia
This research introduces a systematic method to reduce the complexity of large-scale blackbox systems for which the governing equations are unavailable. For such systems, surrogate models are critical for many applications, ...
Exploration of large scale manufacturing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices
Hum, Philip W. (Philip Wing-Jung)
Discussion of the current manufacturing process of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) parts and the emergence of PDMS use in biomedical microfluidic devices addresses the need to develop large scale manufacturing processes for ...
Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for High Energy Physics
Gerber, Richard A.
Journal of Computational Physics, Large Scale Computing andRequirements for High Energy Physics [3] A. S. Almgren, J.Journal of Computational Physics, 87:171¢200, 1990. [7] G.
Infrastructure for large-scale tests in marine autonomy
Hummel, Robert A. (Robert Andrew)
This thesis focuses on the development of infrastructure for research with large-scale autonomous marine vehicle fleets and the design of sampling trajectories for compressive sensing (CS). The newly developed infrastructure ...
Platforms and real options in large-scale engineering systems
Kalligeros, Konstantinos C., 1976-
This thesis introduces a framework and two methodologies that enable engineering management teams to assess the value of real options in programs of large-scale, partially standardized systems implemented a few times over ...
The Promise Of Data Grouping In Large Scale Storage Systems
Wildani, Avani
Martin. Why traditional storage systems donŌ??t help us saveB. Dufrasne et al. IBM XIV Storage System Gen3 Architecture,in large scale storage systems. In Proceedings of the 11th
Interference management techniques in large-scale wireless networksĀ
Luo, Yi
In this thesis, advanced interference management techniques are designed and evaluated for large-scale wireless networks with realistic assumptions, such as signal propagation loss, random node distribution and ...
Channel Meander Migration in Large-Scale Physical Model StudyĀ
Yeh, Po Hung
A set of large-scale laboratory experiments were conducted to study channel meander migration. Factors affecting the migration of banklines, including the ratio of curvature to channel width, bend angle, and the Froude number were tested...
Data mining techniques for large-scale gene expression analysis
Palmer, Nathan Patrick
Modern computational biology is awash in large-scale data mining problems. Several high-throughput technologies have been developed that enable us, with relative ease and little expense, to evaluate the coordinated expression ...
Modeling emergent large-scale structures of barchan dune fields
Claudin, Philippe
Modeling emergent large-scale structures of barchan dune fields S. Worman , A.B. Murray , R, barchan dunes typically exist as members of larger fields that display strik- ing, enigmatic structures that cannot be readily explained by examining the dynamics at the scale of single dunes, or by appealing
Materials Availability Expands the Opportunity for Large-Scale
Kammen, Daniel M.
, 2009. Accepted January 22, 2009. Solar photovoltaics have great promise for a low-carbon futureŁ3). Solar photovoltaics (PV) are frequently cited as a promising but an economically unre- alistic largeMaterials Availability Expands the Opportunity for Large-Scale Photovoltaics Deployment C Y R U S W
Hi-LION: Hierarchical Large-Scale Interconnection Optical Network
Yoo, S. J. Ben
Hi-LION: Hierarchical Large-Scale Interconnection Optical Network With AWGRs [Invited] Zheng Cao, Roberto Proietti, and S. J. B. Yoo Abstract--This paper proposes Hi-LION, a hierarchical large wavelength routing property of AWGRs together with electrical switching inside the processors, Hi-LION can
Scaling relations for molecular gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Hardcastle, Martin
Scaling relations for molecular gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud By A r t o H e i kk i l ┬©a e (virial mass versus CO luminosity, luminosity versus size, linewidth versus size) for molecular clouds in the 30 Dor and N 159 regions in the Large Magel┬Ł lanic Cloud. The analysis is based on CO J = 1 ! 0
Lessons from Large-Scale Renewable Energy Integration Studies: Preprint
Bird, L.; Milligan, M.
In general, large-scale integration studies in Europe and the United States find that high penetrations of renewable generation are technically feasible with operational changes and increased access to transmission. This paper describes other key findings such as the need for fast markets, large balancing areas, system flexibility, and the use of advanced forecasting.
Bruni, Marco; Hidalgo, Juan Carlos; Wands, David
We show how the nonlinearity of general relativity generates a characteristic nonGaussian signal in cosmological large-scale structure that we calculate at all perturbative orders in a large-scale limit. Newtonian gravity and general relativity provide complementary theoretical frameworks for modeling large-scale structure in ?CDM cosmology; a relativistic approach is essential to determine initial conditions, which can then be used in Newtonian simulations studying the nonlinear evolution of the matter density. Most inflationary models in the very early universe predict an almost Gaussian distribution for the primordial metric perturbation, ?. However, we argue that it is the Ricci curvature of comoving-orthogonal spatial hypersurfaces, R, that drives structure formation at large scales. We show how the nonlinear relation between the spatial curvature, R, and the metric perturbation, ?, translates into a specific nonGaussian contribution to the initial comoving matter density that we calculate for the simple case of an initially Gaussian ?. Our analysis shows the nonlinear signature of Einstein's gravity in large-scale structure.
The Phoenix series large scale LNG pool fire experiments.
Simpson, Richard B.; Jensen, Richard Pearson; Demosthenous, Byron; Luketa, Anay Josephine; Ricks, Allen Joseph; Hightower, Marion Michael; Blanchat, Thomas K.; Helmick, Paul H.; Tieszen, Sheldon Robert; Deola, Regina Anne; Mercier, Jeffrey Alan; Suo-Anttila, Jill Marie; Miller, Timothy J.
The increasing demand for natural gas could increase the number and frequency of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tanker deliveries to ports across the United States. Because of the increasing number of shipments and the number of possible new facilities, concerns about the potential safety of the public and property from an accidental, and even more importantly intentional spills, have increased. While improvements have been made over the past decade in assessing hazards from LNG spills, the existing experimental data is much smaller in size and scale than many postulated large accidental and intentional spills. Since the physics and hazards from a fire change with fire size, there are concerns about the adequacy of current hazard prediction techniques for large LNG spills and fires. To address these concerns, Congress funded the Department of Energy (DOE) in 2008 to conduct a series of laboratory and large-scale LNG pool fire experiments at Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) in Albuquerque, New Mexico. This report presents the test data and results of both sets of fire experiments. A series of five reduced-scale (gas burner) tests (yielding 27 sets of data) were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Sandia's Thermal Test Complex (TTC) to assess flame height to fire diameter ratios as a function of nondimensional heat release rates for extrapolation to large-scale LNG fires. The large-scale LNG pool fire experiments were conducted in a 120 m diameter pond specially designed and constructed in Sandia's Area III large-scale test complex. Two fire tests of LNG spills of 21 and 81 m in diameter were conducted in 2009 to improve the understanding of flame height, smoke production, and burn rate and therefore the physics and hazards of large LNG spills and fires.
Large Scale Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies and Dark Energy
J. Weller; A. M. Lewis
In this note we investigate the effects of perturbations in a dark energy component with a constant equation of state on large scale cosmic microwave background anisotropies. The inclusion of perturbations increases the large scale power. We investigate more speculative dark energy models with w<-1 and find the opposite behaviour. Overall the inclusion of perturbations in the dark energy component increases the degeneracies. We generalise the parameterization of the dark energy fluctuations to allow for an arbitrary const ant sound speeds and show how constraints from cosmic microwave background experiments change if this is included. Combining cosmic microwave background with large scale structure, Hubble parameter and Supernovae observations we obtain w=-1.02+-0.16 (1 sigma) as a constraint on the equation of state, which is almost independent of the sound speed chosen. With the presented analysis we find no significant constraint on the constant speed of sound of the dark energy component.
A Model of Plasma Heating by Large-Scale Flow
Pongkitiwanichakul, P; Boldyrev, S; Mason, J; Perez, J C
In this work we study the process of energy dissipation triggered by a slow large scale motion of a magnetized conducting fluid. Our consideration is motivated by the problem of heating the solar corona, which is believed to be governed by fast reconnection events set off by the slow motion of magnetic field lines anchored in the photospheric plasma. To elucidate the physics governing the disruption of the imposed laminar motion and the energy transfer to small scales, we propose a simplified model where the large-scale motion of magnetic field lines is prescribed not at the footpoints but rather imposed volumetrically. As a result, the problem can be treated numerically with an efficient, highly-accurate spectral method, allowing us to use a resolution and statistical ensemble exceeding those of the previous work. We find that, even though the large-scale deformations are slow, they eventually lead to reconnection events that drive a turbulent state at smaller scales. The small-scale turbulence displays many...
Large-scale cosmic flows and moving dark energy
Jose Beltran Jimenez; Antonio L. Maroto
Large-scale matter bulk flows with respect to the cosmic microwave background have very recently been detected on scales 100 Mpc/h and 300 Mpc/h by using two different techniques showing an excellent agreement in the motion direction. However, the unexpectedly large measured amplitudes are difficult to understand within the context of standard LCDM cosmology. In this work we show that the existence of such a flow could be signaling the presence of moving dark energy at the time when photons decoupled from matter. We also comment on the relation between the direction of the CMB dipole and the preferred axis observed in the quadrupole in this scenario.
PERSPECTIVES This large-scale variation in base compo-
Eyre-Walker, Adam
,000 kb kb 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 b Class II Class III Class I Figure 1 | Large-scale variation in G+C, according to its G+C content, by ultracentrifugation, and found that there was substantial variation in its mammals and birds, and that the G+C content of large (>300-kb) blocks of DNA varied from ~35 to 55
Harmonic influence in large-scale networks Daron Acemoglu
Como, Giacomo
Harmonic influence in large-scale networks Daron Acemoglu , Giacomo Como , Fabio Fagnani , and Asuman Ozdaglar¦ 1. INTRODUCTION Harmonic influence has been recently introduced as a measure = 0 and xs1 = 1, respectively, the harmonic influence vector x measures the relative influence of s1
A Reconfigurable Fabric for Accelerating Large-Scale Datacenter Services
Hauck, Scott
A Reconfigurable Fabric for Accelerating Large-Scale Datacenter Services Andrew Putnam, Adrian M, Doug Burger Abstract To advance datacenter capabilities beyond what commodity server designs can,632 servers and FPGAs in a production datacenter and successfully used to accelerate the ranking portion
Evolving Large Scale UAV Communication System Adrian Agogino
Tumer, Kagan
Evolving Large Scale UAV Communication System Adrian Agogino UCSC at NASA Ames Mail Stop 269 Corvallis, OR 97331 Kagan.Tumer@ oregonstate.edu ABSTRACT Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have traditionally powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to fly long term missions at high altitudes. This will revo
Characterizing Google Hacking: A First Large-Scale Quantitative Study
Gu, Guofei
Characterizing Google Hacking: A First Large-Scale Quantitative Study Jialong Zhang, Jayant Notani.com Abstract. Google Hacking continues to be abused by attackers to find vulnerable websites on current the characteristics of vulnerabilities targeted by Google Hacking (e.g., what kind of vulnerabilities are typically
A Robust Data Delivery Protocol for Large Scale Sensor Networks
California at Los Angeles, University of
by the sender. GRAB design harnesses the advantage of large scale and relies on the col- lective e#11;orts simulation exper- iments, GRAB can successfully deliver above 90% of data with relatively low energy cost the small, power-limited sensor nodes are prone to errors. Severe operational conditions (e.g. strong wind
Optimal Transmission Radius for Flooding in Large Scale Sensor Networks
Krishnamachari, Bhaskar
1 Optimal Transmission Radius for Flooding in Large Scale Sensor Networks Marco Z┤u~niga Z and bandwidth resources, the flooded packet may keep the transmission medium within the network busy for too long, reducing overall network throughput. We analyze the impact of the transmission radius
Optimal Transmission Radius for Flooding in Large Scale Sensor Networks
Krishnamachari, Bhaskar
1 Optimal Transmission Radius for Flooding in Large Scale Sensor Networks Marco Z┤u~niga Z. If the transmission radius is not set optimally, the flooded packet may be holding the transmission medium for longer periods than are necessary, reducing overall network throughput. We analyze the impact of the transmission
IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration
Pierre, Laurence
-Signal IC Design Ę 3-D Integration Ę Physical Design Ę SoC Design for Variability, Reliability, Fault22nd IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration VLSI-SoC 2014 October 6-8, 2014 Playa del Carmen, Mexico Iberostar Tucßn and Quetzal Hotel General Chairs: Arturo Sarmiento Reyes
Gent, Universiteit
PERSPECTIVE SPECIAL SERIES IN LARGE-SCALE BIOLOGY PLAZA: a comparative genomics resource to study gene and genome evolution in plants Sebastian Proost1,2+ , Michiel Van Bel1,2+ , Lieven Sterck1: comparative genomics, evolution, colinearity, gene family, plants Running title: Comparative genomics
Feasibility Study of Large Scale Photosynthetic Biohydrogen Greg Burgess1
Feasibility Study of Large Scale Photosynthetic Biohydrogen Production Greg Burgess1 , Joel firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com A method of industrial production, the same as in some non-biological systems of H2 production. In normal conditions in algae and all plants
Large-scale Scene Understanding Challenge: Eye Tracking Saliency Estimation
Xiao, Jianxiong
Large-scale Scene Understanding Challenge: Eye Tracking Saliency Estimation Yinda Zhang, Fisher Yu of eye tracking saliency challenge is to generate a saliency map (Fig. 1(c)), which can predict map and unzip them in to a same folder, e.g. Root. The raw images are collected from SUN database [2
Supplementary Material: Large Scale Read Classification for Next Generation Sequencing
Liang, Huizhi "Elly"
genomics. 1 Introduction This document provides a list of sequences used in the study Large Scale Read.3 Bordetella bronchiseptica RB50 chromosome, complete genome 2 Negative NC_009495.1 Clostridium botulinum A str. ATCC 3502 chromosome, complete genome 2 Negative NC_022121.1 Chlamydia trachomatis strain J/31
Large-Scale Streamwise Turbulent Structures in Hypersonic Boundary LayersĀ
English, Benjamin L.
Prior research in the field of boundary layer turbulence has identified streamwise-elongated large-scale turbulence structures in both low speed compressible and high speed (M=2.0) flow. No experimental work has been done in any flow of M> or =3...
Simionescu, A.; Werner, N.; Urban, O.; Allen, S. W.; Fabian, A. C.; Sanders, J. S.; Mantz, A.; Nulsen, P. E. J.; Takei, Y.
By combining large-scale mosaics of ROSAT PSPC, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku X-ray observations, we present evidence for large-scale motions in the intracluster medium of the nearby, X-ray bright Perseus Cluster. These motions are suggested by several alternating and interleaved X-ray bright, low-temperature, low-entropy arcs located along the east-west axis, at radii ranging from {approx}10 kpc to over a Mpc. Thermodynamic features qualitatively similar to these have previously been observed in the centers of cool-core clusters, and were successfully modeled as a consequence of the gas sloshing/swirling motions induced by minor mergers. Our observations indicate that such sloshing/swirling can extend out to larger radii than previously thought, on scales approaching the virial radius.
Performance Health Monitoring of Large-Scale Systems
Rajamony, Ram
This report details the progress made on the ASCR funded project Performance Health Monitoring for Large Scale Systems. A large-Ł?scale application may not achieve its full performance potential due to degraded performance of even a single subsystem. Detecting performance faults, isolating them, and taking remedial action is critical for the scale of systems on the horizon. PHM aims to develop techniques and tools that can be used to identify and mitigate such performance problems. We accomplish this through two main aspects. The PHM framework encompasses diagnostics, system monitoring, fault isolation, and performance evaluation capabilities that indicates when a performance fault has been detected, either due to an anomaly present in the system itself or due to contention for shared resources between concurrently executing jobs. Software components called the PHM Control system then build upon the capabilities provided by the PHM framework to mitigate degradation caused by performance problems.
A steady-state L-mode tokamak fusion reactor : large scale and minimum scale
Reed, Mark W. (Mark Wilbert)
We perform extensive analysis on the physics of L-mode tokamak fusion reactors to identify (1) a favorable parameter space for a large scale steady-state reactor and (2) an operating point for a minimum scale steady-state ...
Linear Scaling 3D Fragment Method for Large-scale Electronic Structure Calculations
Linear Scaling 3D Fragment Method for Large-scale Electronic Structure Calculations Lin-Wang Wang devices or optical devices like solar cells. Understanding the electronic structures of such systems structure, the charge density, the total energy and the atomic forces of a material system
Small-scale thin film experiments provide models for large-scale engineering applications
Reis, Pedro Miguel
Small-scale thin film experiments provide models for large-scale engineering applicationsMIT's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering ┬Ę http://cee.mit.edu Delamination occurs in a thin film blisters occur in a predictable manner. Photo / Donna Coveney, MIT PROBLEM Thin films are omnipresent
Primordial quantum nonequilibrium and large-scale cosmic anomalies
Samuel Colin; Antony Valentini
We study incomplete relaxation to quantum equilibrium at long wavelengths, during a pre-inflationary phase, as a possible explanation for the reported large-scale anomalies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Our scenario makes use of the de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave formulation of quantum theory, in which the Born probability rule has a dynamical origin. The large-scale power deficit could arise from incomplete relaxation for the amplitudes of the primordial perturbations. We show, by numerical simulations for a spectator scalar field, that if the pre-inflationary era is radiation dominated then the deficit in the emerging power spectrum will have a characteristic shape (an inverse-tangent dependence on wavenumber k, with oscillations). It is found that our scenario is able to produce a power deficit in the observed region and of the observed (approximate) magnitude for an appropriate choice of cosmological parameters. We also discuss the large-scale anisotropy, which might arise from incomplete relaxation for the phases of the primordial perturbations. We present numerical simulations for phase relaxation, and we show how to define characteristic scales for amplitude and phase nonequilibrium. The extent to which the data might support our scenario is left as a question for future work. Our results suggest that we have a potentially viable model that might explain two apparently independent cosmic anomalies by means of a single mechanism.
Geospatial Optimization of Siting Large-Scale Solar Projects
Macknick, J.; Quinby, T.; Caulfield, E.; Gerritsen, M.; Diffendorfer, J.; Haines, S.
Recent policy and economic conditions have encouraged a renewed interest in developing large-scale solar projects in the U.S. Southwest. However, siting large-scale solar projects is complex. In addition to the quality of the solar resource, solar developers must take into consideration many environmental, social, and economic factors when evaluating a potential site. This report describes a proof-of-concept, Web-based Geographical Information Systems (GIS) tool that evaluates multiple user-defined criteria in an optimization algorithm to inform discussions and decisions regarding the locations of utility-scale solar projects. Existing siting recommendations for large-scale solar projects from governmental and non-governmental organizations are not consistent with each other, are often not transparent in methods, and do not take into consideration the differing priorities of stakeholders. The siting assistance GIS tool we have developed improves upon the existing siting guidelines by being user-driven, transparent, interactive, capable of incorporating multiple criteria, and flexible. This work provides the foundation for a dynamic siting assistance tool that can greatly facilitate siting decisions among multiple stakeholders.
Stochastic Ordering of Interferences in Large-scale Wireless Networks
Lee, Junghoon
Stochastic orders are binary relations defined on probability distributions which capture intuitive notions like being larger or being more variable. This paper introduces stochastic ordering of interference distributions in large-scale networks modeled as point process. Interference is the main performance-limiting factor in most wireless networks, thus it is important to understand its statistics. Since closed-form results for the distribution of interference for such networks are only available in limited cases, interference of networks are compared using stochastic orders, even when closed form expressions for interferences are not tractable. We show that the interference from a large-scale network depends on the fading distributions with respect to the stochastic Laplace transform order. The condition for path-loss models is also established to have stochastic ordering between interferences. The stochastic ordering of interferences between different networks are also shown. Monte-Carlo simulations are us...
Large-scale flow generation by inhomogeneous helicity
Yokoi, Nobumitsu
The effect of kinetic helicity (velocity--vorticity correlation) on turbulent momentum transport is investigated. The turbulent kinetic helicity (pseudoscalar) enters into the Reynolds stress (mirrorsymmetric tensor) expression in the form of a helicity gradient as the coupling coefficient for the mean vorticity and/or the angular velocity (axial vector), which suggests the possibility of mean-flow generation in the presence of inhomogeneous helicity. This inhomogeneous helicity effect, which was previously confirmed at the level of a turbulence- or closure-model simulation, is examined with the aid of direct numerical simulations of rotating turbulence with non-uniform helicity sustained by an external forcing. The numerical simulations show that the spatial distribution of the Reynolds stress is in agreement with the helicity-related term coupled with the angular velocity, and that a large-scale flow is generated in the direction of angular velocity. Such a large-scale flow is not induced in the case of hom...
Simulating the Large-Scale Structure of HI Intensity Maps
Seehars, Sebastian; Witzemann, Amadeus; Refregier, Alexandre; Amara, Adam; Akeret, Joel
Intensity mapping of neutral hydrogen (HI) is a promising observational probe of cosmology and large-scale structure. We present wide field simulations of HI intensity maps based on N-body simulations, the halo model, and a phenomenological prescription for assigning HI mass to halos. The simulations span a redshift range of 0.35 HI. We apply and compare several estimators for the angular power spectrum and its covariance. We verify that they agree with analytic predictions on large scales and study the validity of approximations based on Gaussian random fields, particularly in the context of the covariance. We discuss how our results and the simulated maps can be useful for planning and interpreting future HI intensity mapping surveys.
Clusters and Large-Scale Structure: the Synchrotron Keys
Rudnick, L; Andernach, H; Battaglia, N; Brown, S; Brunetti, Gf; Burns, J; Clarke, T; Dolag, K; Farnsworth, D; Giovannini, G; Hallman, E; Johnston-Hollit, M; Jones, T W; Kang, H; Kassim, N; Kravtsov, A; Lazio, J; Lonsdale, C; McNamara, B; Myers, S; Owen, F; Pfrommer, C; Ryu, D; Sarazin, C; Subrahmanyan, R; Taylor, G; Taylor, R
For over four decades, synchrotron-radiating sources have played a series of pathfinding roles in the study of galaxy clusters and large scale structure. Such sources are uniquely sensitive to the turbulence and shock structures of large-scale environments, and their cosmic rays and magnetic fields often play important dynamic and thermodynamic roles. They provide essential complements to studies at other wavebands. Over the next decade, they will fill essential gaps in both cluster astrophysics and the cosmological growth of structure in the universe, especially where the signatures of shocks and turbulence, or even the underlying thermal plasma itself, are otherwise undetectable. Simultaneously, synchrotron studies offer a unique tool for exploring the fundamental question of the origins of cosmic magnetic fields. This work will be based on the new generation of m/cm-wave radio telescopes now in construction, as well as major advances in the sophistication of 3-D MHD simulations.
Electrochemical cells for medium- and large-scale energy storage
Wang, Wei; Wei, Xiaoliang; Choi, Daiwon; Lu, Xiaochuan; Yang, G.; Sun, C.
This is one of the chapters in the book titled ōAdvances in batteries for large- and medium-scale energy storage: Applications in power systems and electric vehiclesö that will be published by the Woodhead Publishing Limited. The chapter discusses the basic electrochemical fundamentals of electrochemical energy storage devices with a focus on the rechargeable batteries. Several practical secondary battery systems are also discussed as examples
Greening the Networks of Large-Scale Distributed Systems
LefĶvre, Laurent
-tier fat-tree architecture Energy savings of Green compared to No off : - 73% for a 20% workload - 68Greening the Networks of Large-Scale Distributed Systems ENS de Lyon Ł INRIA RESO Ł UCBL Ł LIP://perso.ens-lyon.fr/annececile.orgerie/networks.html HERMES : High-level Energy-awaRe Model for bandwidth reservation in End-to-end NetworkS Ę Unused network
Large scale structure simulations of inhomogeneous LTB void models
David Alonso; Juan Garcia-Bellido; Troels Haugboelle; Julian Vicente
We perform numerical simulations of large scale structure evolution in an inhomogeneous Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) model of the Universe. We follow the gravitational collapse of a large underdense region (a void) in an otherwise flat matter-dominated Einstein-deSitter model. We observe how the (background) density contrast at the centre of the void grows to be of order one, and show that the density and velocity profiles follow the exact non-linear LTB solution to the full Einstein equations for all but the most extreme voids. This result seems to contradict previous claims that fully relativistic codes are needed to properly handle the non-linear evolution of large scale structures, and that local Newtonian dynamics with an explicit expansion term is not adequate. We also find that the (local) matter density contrast grows with the scale factor in a way analogous to that of an open universe with a value of the matter density OmegaM(r) corresponding to the appropriate location within the void.
Large scale CMB anomalies from thawing cosmic strings
Christophe Ringeval; Daisuke Yamauchi; Jun'ichi Yokoyama; Francois R. Bouchet
Cosmic strings formed during inflation are expected to be either diluted over super-Hubble distances, i.e., invisible today, or to have crossed our past light cone very recently. We discuss the latter situation in which a few strings imprint their signature in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Anisotropies after recombination. Being almost frozen in the Hubble flow, these strings are quasi static and evade almost all of the previously derived constraints on their tension while being able to source large scale anisotropies in the CMB sky. Using a local variance estimator on thousand of numerically simulated Nambu-Goto all sky maps, we compute the expected signal and show that it can mimic a dipole modulation at large angular scales while being negligible at small angles. Interestingly, such a scenario generically produces one cold spot from the thawing of a cosmic string loop. Mixed with anisotropies of inflationary origin, we find that a few strings of tension GU = O(1) x 10^(-6) match the amplitude of the dipole modulation reported in the Planck satellite measurements and could be at the origin of other large scale anomalies.
Nuclear-pumped lasers for large-scale applications
Anderson, R.E.; Leonard, E.M.; Shea, R.F.; Berggren, R.R.
Efficient initiation of large-volume chemical lasers may be achieved by neutron induced reactions which produce charged particles in the final state. When a burst mode nuclear reactor is used as the neutron source, both a sufficiently intense neutron flux and a sufficiently short initiation pulse may be possible. Proof-of-principle experiments are planned to demonstrate lasing in a direct nuclear-pumped large-volume system; to study the effects of various neutron absorbing materials on laser performance; to study the effects of long initiation pulse lengths; to demonstrate the performance of large-scale optics and the beam quality that may be obtained; and to assess the performance of alternative designs of burst systems that increase the neutron output and burst repetition rate. 21 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs.
Nuclear-pumped lasers for large-scale applications
Anderson, R.E.; Leonard, E.M.; Shea, R.E.; Berggren, R.R.
Efficient initiation of large-volume chemical lasers may be achieved by neutron induced reactions which produce charged particles in the final state. When a burst mode nuclear reactor is used as the neutron source, both a sufficiently intense neutron flux and a sufficient short initiation pulse may be possible. Proof-of-principle experiments are planned to demonstrate lasing in a direct nuclear-pumped large-volume system: to study the effects of various neutron absorbing materials on laser performance; to study the effects of long initiation pulse lengths; to determine the performance of large-scale optics and the beam quality that may bo obtained; and to assess the performance of alternative designs of burst systems that increase the neutron output and burst repetition rate. 21 refs., 7 figs., 5 tabs.
Just enough inflation: power spectrum modifications at large scales
Cicoli, Michele [Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, UniversitÓ di Bologna, via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna (Italy); Downes, Sean [Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (China); Dutta, Bhaskar [Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242 (United States); Pedro, Francisco G.; Westphal, Alexander, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Theory Group, D-22603 Hamburg (Germany)
We show that models of 'just enough' inflation, where the slow-roll evolution lasted only 50- 60 e-foldings, feature modifications of the CMB power spectrum at large angular scales. We perform a systematic analytic analysis in the limit of a sudden transition between any possible non-slow-roll background evolution and the final stage of slow-roll inflation. We find a high degree of universality since most common backgrounds like fast-roll evolution, matter or radiation-dominance give rise to a power loss at large angular scales and a peak together with an oscillatory behaviour at scales around the value of the Hubble parameter at the beginning of slow-roll inflation. Depending on the value of the equation of state parameter, different pre-inflationary epochs lead instead to an enhancement of power at low ?, and so seem disfavoured by recent observational hints for a lack of CMB power at ??<Ā40. We also comment on the importance of initial conditions and the possibility to have multiple pre-inflationary stages.
Large scale structures in gas-liquid mixture flows
Davis, M.R.; Fungtamasan, B.
Relatively slow variations in mixture void fraction in gas-liquid mixture flows are indicated by low pass filter averaging. The slow void fluctuations are found to have a regular characteristic frequency or scale in the churn flow regime or near the boundary with the dispersed bubble flow regime. These regular disturbances develop inherently in a vertical pipe flow in strength and in size and are not due to the method of flow mixing. There was no evidence of distinctive gas slugs in the flow, and the structures were identified as large clouds of bubbles which moved faster than the average velocity, growing in size and strength as they moved with the flow. The magnitude of the voidage fluctuations in the churn flow regime was on average 57% of the value for a slug flow. The large scale bubble clouds convect coherently over relatively long distances a up to 1.45 times the mean mixture flow velocity at a gas volume flow fraction of 0.4. In the bubbl flow regime, the slow voidage variations were more random in scale and were only approx. 10% of the slug flow (maximum possible) value. However, even in the bubble flow regime, the disturbances convected coherently over relatively long distances at a velocity of approx. 1.1 time the mean mixture velocity.
Robust Morphological Measures for Large-Scale Structure
T. Buchert
A complete family of statistical descriptors for the morphology of large--scale structure based on Minkowski--Functionals is presented. These robust and significant measures can be used to characterize the local and global morphology of spatial patterns formed by a coverage of point sets which represent galaxy samples. Basic properties of these measures are highlighted and their relation to the `genus statistics' is discussed. Test models like a Poissonian point process and samples generated from a Voronoi--model are put into perspective.
Large scale obscuration and related climate effects open literature bibliography
Russell, N.A.; Geitgey, J.; Behl, Y.K.; Zak, B.D.
Large scale obscuration and related climate effects of nuclear detonations first became a matter of concern in connection with the so-called ``Nuclear Winter Controversy`` in the early 1980`s. Since then, the world has changed. Nevertheless, concern remains about the atmospheric effects of nuclear detonations, but the source of concern has shifted. Now it focuses less on global, and more on regional effects and their resulting impacts on the performance of electro-optical and other defense-related systems. This bibliography reflects the modified interest.
Large-Scale Anisotropy of EGRET Gamma Ray Sources
Luis Anchordoqui; Thomas McCauley; Thomas Paul; Olaf Reimer; Diego F. Torres
In the course of its operation, the EGRET experiment detected high-energy gamma ray sources at energies above 100 MeV over the whole sky. In this communication, we search for large-scale anisotropy patterns among the catalogued EGRET sources using an expansion in spherical harmonics, accounting for EGRET's highly non-uniform exposure. We find significant excess in the quadrupole and octopole moments. This is consistent with the hypothesis that, in addition to the galactic plane, a second mid-latitude (5^{\\circ} < |b| < 30^{\\circ}) population, perhaps associated with the Gould belt, contributes to the gamma ray flux above 100 MeV.
Future large-scale water-Cherenkov detector
L. Agostino; M. Buizza-Avanzini; M. Marafini; T. Patzak; A. Tonazzo; M. Dracos; N. Vassilopoulos; D. Duchesneau; M. Mezzetto; L. Mosca
MEMPHYS (MEgaton Mass PHYSics) is a proposed large-scale water-Cherenkov experiment to be performed deep underground. It is dedicated to nucleon decay searches and the detection of neutrinos from supernovae, solar, and atmospheric neutrinos, as well as neutrinos from a future beam to measure the CP violating phase in the leptonic sector and the mass hierarchy. This paper provides an overview of the latest studies on the expected performance of MEMPHYS in view of detailed estimates of its physics reach, mainly concerning neutrino beams.
Streamflow forecasting for large-scale hydrologic systemsĀ
Awwad, Haitham Munir
Farland (Member) J esTR ao (Head of Department) May 1991 ABSTRACT Streamflow Forecasting for Large-Scale Hydrologic Systems. (May 1991) Haitham Munir Awwad, B. S. , University of Jordan Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Juan B. Valdes An on-line streamflow... thankful to Dr. Ralph A. Wurbs and Dr. Marshall J. McFarland for their assistance on my advisory committee. Support for this thesis by the Department of Civil Engineering through the Engineering Excellence Fund, and by the U, S. Army Corps of Engineers...
Large Scale GSHP as Alternative Energy for American Farmers Geothermal
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on QA:QAsource History View NewTexas:Montezuma, Arizona: Energy ResourcesProject | Open Energy Information Large Scale
Large-Scale Spray Releases: Additional Aerosol Test Results
Daniel, Richard C.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Fountain, Matthew S.; Shimskey, Rick W.; Billing, Justin M.; Bontha, Jagannadha R.; Kurath, Dean E.; Jenks, Jeromy WJ; MacFarlan, Paul J.; Mahoney, Lenna A.
One of the events postulated in the hazard analysis for the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities is a breach in process piping that produces aerosols with droplet sizes in the respirable range. The current approach for predicting the size and concentration of aerosols produced in a spray leak event involves extrapolating from correlations reported in the literature. These correlations are based on results obtained from small engineered spray nozzles using pure liquids that behave as a Newtonian fluid. The narrow ranges of physical properties on which the correlations are based do not cover the wide range of slurries and viscous materials that will be processed in the WTP and in processing facilities across the DOE complex. To expand the data set upon which the WTP accident and safety analyses were based, an aerosol spray leak testing program was conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNLÆs test program addressed two key technical areas to improve the WTP methodology (Larson and Allen 2010). The first technical area was to quantify the role of slurry particles in small breaches where slurry particles may plug the hole and prevent high-pressure sprays. The results from an effort to address this first technical area can be found in Mahoney et al. (2012a). The second technical area was to determine aerosol droplet size distribution and total droplet volume from prototypic breaches and fluids, including sprays from larger breaches and sprays of slurries for which literature data are mostly absent. To address the second technical area, the testing program collected aerosol generation data at two scales, commonly referred to as small-scale and large-scale testing. The small-scale testing and resultant data are described in Mahoney et al. (2012b), and the large-scale testing and resultant data are presented in Schonewill et al. (2012). In tests at both scales, simulants were used to mimic the relevant physical properties projected for actual WTP process streams.
Planning under uncertainty solving large-scale stochastic linear programs
Infanger, G. . Dept. of Operations Research Technische Univ., Vienna . Inst. fuer Energiewirtschaft)
For many practical problems, solutions obtained from deterministic models are unsatisfactory because they fail to hedge against certain contingencies that may occur in the future. Stochastic models address this shortcoming, but up to recently seemed to be intractable due to their size. Recent advances both in solution algorithms and in computer technology now allow us to solve important and general classes of practical stochastic problems. We show how large-scale stochastic linear programs can be efficiently solved by combining classical decomposition and Monte Carlo (importance) sampling techniques. We discuss the methodology for solving two-stage stochastic linear programs with recourse, present numerical results of large problems with numerous stochastic parameters, show how to efficiently implement the methodology on a parallel multi-computer and derive the theory for solving a general class of multi-stage problems with dependency of the stochastic parameters within a stage and between different stages.
Large scale CMB anomalies from thawing cosmic strings
Ringeval, Christophe; Yokoyama, Jun'ichi; Bouchet, Francois R
Cosmic strings formed during inflation are expected to be either diluted over super-Hubble distances, i.e., invisible today, or to have crossed our past light cone very recently. We discuss the latter situation in which a few strings imprint their signature in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Anisotropies after recombination. Being almost frozen in the Hubble flow, these strings are quasi static and evade almost all of the previously derived constraints on their tension while being able to source large scale anisotropies in the CMB sky. Using a local variance estimator on thousand of numerically simulated Nambu-Goto all sky maps, we compute the expected signal and show that it can mimic a dipole modulation at large angular scales while being negligible at small angles. Interestingly, such a scenario generically produces one cold spot from the thawing of a cosmic string loop. Mixed with anisotropies of inflationary origin, we find that a few strings of tension GU = O(1) x 10^(-6) match the amplitude of th...
Large scale steam valve test: Performance testing of large butterfly valves and full scale high flowrate steam testing
Meadows, J.B.; Robbins, G.E.; Roselius, D.G. [and others
This report presents the results of the design testing of large (36-inch diameter) butterfly valves under high flow conditions. The two butterfly valves were pneumatically operated air-open, air-shut valves (termed valves 1 and 2). These butterfly valves were redesigned to improve their ability to function under high flow conditions. Concern was raised regarding the ability of the butterfly valves to function as required with high flow-induced torque imposed on the valve discs during high steam flow conditions. High flow testing was required to address the flow-induced torque concerns. The valve testing was done using a heavily instrumented piping system. This test program was called the Large Scale Steam Valve Test (LSSVT). The LSSVT program demonstrated that the redesigned valves operated satisfactorily under high flow conditions.
Large-scale chromosome fluctuations are driven by chromatin folding organization at small scales
Ana Maria Florescu; Pierre Therizols; Angelo Rosa
Characterizing the link between small-scale chromatin structure and large-scale chromosome conformation is a prerequisite for understanding transcription. Yet, it remains poorly characterized. We present a simple biophysical model, where chromosomes are described in terms of folding of a chromatin sequence with alternating blocks of fibers with different thickness. We demonstrate that chromosomes undergo prominent conformational changes when the two fibers form separate domains. Conversely, when small stretches of the thinner fiber are randomly distributed, they act as impurities and conformational changes can be observed only at small length and time scales. Our results bring a limit to the possibility of detecting variations in the behavior of chromosomes due to chromatin modifications, and suggest that the debate whether chromosomes expand upon transcription, which is fueled by conflicting experimental observations, can be reconciled by examining how transcribed loci are distributed. Finally, to validate our conclusions, we compare our results to experimental FISH data.
The XMM/Megacam-VST/VIRMOS Large Scale Structure Survey
M. Pierre
The objective of the XMM-LSS Survey is to map the large scale structure of the universe, as highlighted by clusters and groups of galaxies, out to a redshift of about 1, over a single 8x8 sq.deg. area. For the first time, this will reveal the topology of the distribution of the deep potential wells and provide statistical measurements at truly cosmological distances. In addition, clusters identified via their X-ray properties will form the basis for the first uniformly-selected, multi-wavelength survey of the evolution of clusters and individual cluster galaxies as a function of redshift. The survey will also address the very important question of the QSO distribution within the cosmic web.
Unfolding large-scale online collaborative human dynamics
Zha, Yilong; Zhou, Changsong
Large-scale interacting human activities underlie all social and economic phenomena, but quantitative understanding of regular patterns and mechanism is very challenging and still rare. Self-organized online collaborative activities with precise record of event timing provide unprecedented opportunity. Our empirical analysis of the history of millions of updates in Wikipedia shows a universal double power-law distribution of time intervals between consecutive updates of an article. We then propose a generic model to unfold collaborative human activities into three modules: (i) individual behavior characterized by Poissonian initiation of an action, (ii) human interaction captured by a cascading response to others with a power-law waiting time, and (iii) population growth due to increasing number of interacting individuals. This unfolding allows us to obtain analytical formula that is fully supported by the universal patterns in empirical data. Our modeling approaches reveal "simplicity" beyond complex interac...
Kahniashvili, Tina; Natarajan, Aravind; Battaglia, Nicholas [McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (United States); Maravin, Yurii [Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 (United States); Tevzadze, Alexander G., E-mail: email@example.com [Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 3 Chavchavadze Avenue, Tbilisi 0128 (Georgia)
We study primordial magnetic field effects on the matter perturbations in the universe. We assume magnetic field generation prior to the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), i.e., during the radiation-dominated epoch of the universe expansion, but do not limit analysis by considering a particular magnetogenesis scenario. Contrary to previous studies, we limit the total magnetic field energy density and not the smoothed amplitude of the magnetic field at large (of the order of 1 Mpc) scales. We review several cosmological signatures, such as halo abundance, thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, and Ly{alpha} data. For a cross-check, we compare our limits with that obtained through the cosmic microwave background faraday rotation effect and BBN. The limits range between 1.5 nG and 4.5 nG for n{sub B} in (- 3; -1.5).
Recovery Act - Large Scale SWNT Purification and Solubilization
Michael Gemano; Dr. Linda B. McGown
The goal of this Phase I project was to establish a quantitative foundation for development of binary G-gels for large-scale, commercial processing of SWNTs and to develop scientific insight into the underlying mechanisms of solubilization, selectivity and alignment. In order to accomplish this, we performed systematic studies to determine the effects of G-gel composition and experimental conditions that will enable us to achieve our goals that include (1) preparation of ultra-high purity SWNTs from low-quality, commercial SWNT starting materials, (2) separation of MWNTs from SWNTs, (3) bulk, non-destructive solubilization of individual SWNTs in aqueous solution at high concentrations (10-100 mg/mL) without sonication or centrifugation, (4) tunable enrichment of subpopulations of the SWNTs based on metallic vs. semiconductor properties, diameter, or chirality and (5) alignment of individual SWNTs.
Training a Large Scale Classifier with the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm
Hartmut Neven; Vasil S. Denchev; Geordie Rose; William G. Macready
In a previous publication we proposed discrete global optimization as a method to train a strong binary classifier constructed as a thresholded sum over weak classifiers. Our motivation was to cast the training of a classifier into a format amenable to solution by the quantum adiabatic algorithm. Applying adiabatic quantum computing (AQC) promises to yield solutions that are superior to those which can be achieved with classical heuristic solvers. Interestingly we found that by using heuristic solvers to obtain approximate solutions we could already gain an advantage over the standard method AdaBoost. In this communication we generalize the baseline method to large scale classifier training. By large scale we mean that either the cardinality of the dictionary of candidate weak classifiers or the number of weak learners used in the strong classifier exceed the number of variables that can be handled effectively in a single global optimization. For such situations we propose an iterative and piecewise approach in which a subset of weak classifiers is selected in each iteration via global optimization. The strong classifier is then constructed by concatenating the subsets of weak classifiers. We show in numerical studies that the generalized method again successfully competes with AdaBoost. We also provide theoretical arguments as to why the proposed optimization method, which does not only minimize the empirical loss but also adds L0-norm regularization, is superior to versions of boosting that only minimize the empirical loss. By conducting a Quantum Monte Carlo simulation we gather evidence that the quantum adiabatic algorithm is able to handle a generic training problem efficiently.
Bias in the Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures
Leonardo Senatore
We study how to describe collapsed objects, such as galaxies, in the context of the Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures. The overdensity of galaxies at a given location and time is determined by the initial tidal tensor, velocity gradients and spatial derivatives of the regions of dark matter that, during the evolution of the universe, ended up at that given location. Similarly to what recently done for dark matter, we show how this Lagrangian space description can be recovered by upgrading simpler Eulerian calculations. We describe the Eulerian theory. We show that it is perturbatively local in space, but non-local in time, and we explain the observational consequences of this fact. We give an argument for why to a certain degree of accuracy the theory can be considered as quasi time-local and explain what the operator structure is in this case. We describe renormalization of the bias coefficients so that, after this and after upgrading the Eulerian calculation to a Lagrangian one, the perturbative series for galaxies correlation functions results in a manifestly convergent expansion in powers of $k/k_{\\rm NL}$ and $k/k_{\\rm M}$, where $k$ is the wavenumber of interest, $k_{\\rm NL}$ is the wavenumber associated to the non-linear scale, and $k_{\\rm M}$ is the comoving wavenumber enclosing the mass of a galaxy.
Large-Scale Magnetic Fields, Dark Energy and QCD
Federico R. Urban; Ariel R. Zhitnitsky
Cosmological magnetic fields are being observed with ever increasing correlation lengths, possibly reaching the size of superclusters, therefore disfavouring the conventional picture of generation through primordial seeds later amplified by galaxy-bound dynamo mechanisms. In this paper we put forward a fundamentally different approach that links such large-scale magnetic fields to the cosmological vacuum energy. In our scenario the dark energy is due to the Veneziano ghost (which solves the $U(1)_A$ problem in QCD). The Veneziano ghost couples through the triangle anomaly to the electromagnetic field with a constant which is unambiguously fixed in the standard model. While this interaction does not produce any physical effects in Minkowski space, it triggers the generation of a magnetic field in an expanding universe at every epoch. The induced energy of the magnetic field is thus proportional to cosmological vacuum energy: $\\rho_{EM}\\simeq B^2 \\simeq (\\frac{\\alpha}{4\\pi})^2 \\rho_{DE}$, $\\rho_{DE}$ hence acting as a source for the magnetic energy $\\rho_{EM}$. The corresponding numerical estimate leads to a magnitude in the nG range. There are two unique and distinctive predictions of our proposal: an uninterrupted active generation of Hubble size correlated magnetic fields throughout the evolution of the universe; the presence of parity violation on the enormous scales $1/H$, which apparently has been already observed in CMB. These predictions are entirely rooted into the standard model of particle physics.
Cosmological implications of the CMB large-scale structure
Melia, Fulvio
The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and Planck may have uncovered several anomalies in the full cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky that could indicate possible new physics driving the growth of density fluctuations in the early universe. These include an unusually low power at the largest scales and an apparent alignment of the quadrupole and octopole moments. In a ?CDM model where the CMB is described by a Gaussian Random Field, the quadrupole and octopole moments should be statistically independent. The emergence of these low probability features may simply be due to posterior selections from many such possible effects, whose occurrence would therefore not be as unlikely as one might naively infer. If this is not the case, however, and if these features are not due to effects such as foreground contamination, their combined statistical significance would be equal to the product of their individual significances. In the absence of such extraneous factors, and ignoring the biasing due to posterior selection, the missing large-angle correlations would have a probability as low as ?0.1% and the low-l multipole alignment would be unlikely at the ?4.9% level; under the least favorable conditions, their simultaneous observation in the context of the standard model could then be likely at only the ?0.005% level. In this paper, we explore the possibility that these features are indeed anomalous, and show that the corresponding probability of CMB multipole alignment in the R{sub h}=ct universe would then be ?7¢10%, depending on the number of large-scale Sachs¢Wolfe induced fluctuations. Since the low power at the largest spatial scales is reproduced in this cosmology without the need to invoke cosmic variance, the overall likelihood of observing both of these features in the CMB is ?7%, much more likely than in ?CDM, if the anomalies are real. The key physical ingredient responsible for this difference is the existence in the former of a maximum fluctuation size at the time of recombination, which is absent in the latter because of inflation.
Large Scale Obscuration and Related Climate Effects Workshop: Proceedings
Zak, B.D.; Russell, N.A.; Church, H.W.; Einfeld, W.; Yoon, D.; Behl, Y.K.
A Workshop on Large Scale Obsurcation and Related Climate Effects was held 29--31 January, 1992, in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The objectives of the workshop were: to determine through the use of expert judgement the current state of understanding of regional and global obscuration and related climate effects associated with nuclear weapons detonations; to estimate how large the uncertainties are in the parameters associated with these phenomena (given specific scenarios); to evaluate the impact of these uncertainties on obscuration predictions; and to develop an approach for the prioritization of further work on newly-available data sets to reduce the uncertainties. The workshop consisted of formal presentations by the 35 participants, and subsequent topical working sessions on: the source term; aerosol optical properties; atmospheric processes; and electro-optical systems performance and climatic impacts. Summaries of the conclusions reached in the working sessions are presented in the body of the report. Copies of the transparencies shown as part of each formal presentation are contained in the appendices (microfiche).
Large scale electromechanical transistor with application in mass sensing
Jin, Leisheng; Li, Lijie
Nanomechanical transistor (NMT) has evolved from the single electron transistor, a device that operates by shuttling electrons with a self-excited central conductor. The unfavoured aspects of the NMT are the complexity of the fabrication process and its signal processing unit, which could potentially be overcome by designing much larger devices. This paper reports a new design of large scale electromechanical transistor (LSEMT), still taking advantage of the principle of shuttling electrons. However, because of the large size, nonlinear electrostatic forces induced by the transistor itself are not sufficient to drive the mechanical member into vibrationŚan external force has to be used. In this paper, a LSEMT device is modelled, and its new application in mass sensing is postulated using two coupled mechanical cantilevers, with one of them being embedded in the transistor. The sensor is capable of detecting added mass using the eigenstate shifts method by reading the change of electrical current from the transistor, which has much higher sensitivity than conventional eigenfrequency shift approach used in classical cantilever based mass sensors. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the performance of the mass sensor.
Design advanced for large-scale, economic, floating LNG plant
Naklie, M.M.
A floating LNG plant design has been developed which is technically feasible, economical, safe, and reliable. This technology will allow monetization of small marginal fields and improve the economics of large fields. Mobil`s world-scale plant design has a capacity of 6 million tons/year of LNG and up to 55,000 b/d condensate produced from 1 bcfd of feed gas. The plant would be located on a large, secure, concrete barge with a central moonpool. LNG storage is provided for 250,000 cu m and condensate storage for 650,000 bbl. And both products are off-loaded from the barge. Model tests have verified the stability of the barge structure: barge motions are low enough to permit the plant to continue operation in a 100-year storm in the Pacific Rim. Moreover, the barge is spread-moored, eliminating the need for a turret and swivel. Because the design is generic, the plant can process a wide variety of feed gases and operate in different environments, should the plant be relocated. This capability potentially gives the plant investment a much longer project life because its use is not limited to the life of only one producing area.
Large-Scale Data Challenges in Future Power Grids
Yin, Jian; Sharma, Poorva; Gorton, Ian; Akyol, Bora A.
This paper describes technical challenges in supporting large-scale real-time data analysis for future power grid systems and discusses various design options to address these challenges. Even though the existing U.S. power grid has served the nation remarkably well over the last 120 years, big changes are in the horizon. The widespread deployment of renewable generation, smart grid controls, energy storage, plug-in hybrids, and new conducting materials will require fundamental changes in the operational concepts and principal components. The whole system becomes highly dynamic and needs constant adjustments based on real time data. Even though millions of sensors such as phase measurement units (PMUs) and smart meters are being widely deployed, a data layer that can support this amount of data in real time is needed. Unlike the data fabric in cloud services, the data layer for smart grids must address some unique challenges. This layer must be scalable to support millions of sensors and a large number of diverse applications and still provide real time guarantees. Moreover, the system needs to be highly reliable and highly secure because the power grid is a critical piece of infrastructure. No existing systems can satisfy all the requirements at the same time. We examine various design options. In particular, we explore the special characteristics of power grid data to meet both scalability and quality of service requirements. Our initial prototype can improve performance by orders of magnitude over existing general-purpose systems. The prototype was demonstrated with several use cases from PNNLÆs FPGI and was shown to be able to integrate huge amount of data from a large number of sensors and a diverse set of applications.
Reducing Data Center Loads for a Large-Scale, Net Zero Office...
Reducing Data Center Loads for a Large-Scale, Net Zero Office Building Reducing Data Center Loads for a Large-Scale, Net Zero Office Building Document describes the design,...
The IR-resummed Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
The IR-resummed Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures Citation Details In-Document Search Title: The IR-resummed Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures We...
HyLights -- Tools to Prepare the Large-Scale European Demonstration...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
HyLights -- Tools to Prepare the Large-Scale European Demonstration Projects on Hydrogen for Transport HyLights -- Tools to Prepare the Large-Scale European Demonstration Projects...
Koopman, D.; Martino, C.; Poirier, M.
Large Scale Integrated Testing (LSIT) is being planned by Bechtel National, Inc. to address uncertainties in the full scale mixing performance of the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Testing will use simulated waste rather than actual Hanford waste. Therefore, the use of suitable simulants is critical to achieving the goals of the test program. External review boards have raised questions regarding the overall representativeness of simulants used in previous mixing tests. Accordingly, WTP requested the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to assist with development of simulants for use in LSIT. Among the first tasks assigned to SRNL was to develop a list of waste properties that matter to pulse-jet mixer (PJM) mixing of WTP tanks. This report satisfies Commitment 18.104.22.168 of the Department of Energy Implementation Plan for Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board Recommendation 2010-2: physical properties important to mixing and scaling. In support of waste simulant development, the following two objectives are the focus of this report: (1) Assess physical and chemical properties important to the testing and development of mixing scaling relationships; (2) Identify the governing properties and associated ranges for LSIT to achieve the Newtonian and non-Newtonian test objectives. This includes the properties to support testing of sampling and heel management systems. The test objectives for LSIT relate to transfer and pump out of solid particles, prototypic integrated operations, sparger operation, PJM controllability, vessel level/density measurement accuracy, sampling, heel management, PJM restart, design and safety margin, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Verification and Validation (V and V) and comparison, performance testing and scaling, and high temperature operation. The slurry properties that are most important to Performance Testing and Scaling depend on the test objective and rheological classification of the slurry (i.e., Newtonian or non-Newtonian). The most important properties for testing with Newtonian slurries are the Archimedes number distribution and the particle concentration. For some test objectives, the shear strength is important. In the testing to collect data for CFD V and V and CFD comparison, the liquid density and liquid viscosity are important. In the high temperature testing, the liquid density and liquid viscosity are important. The Archimedes number distribution combines effects of particle size distribution, solid-liquid density difference, and kinematic viscosity. The most important properties for testing with non-Newtonian slurries are the slurry yield stress, the slurry consistency, and the shear strength. The solid-liquid density difference and the particle size are also important. It is also important to match multiple properties within the same simulant to achieve behavior representative of the waste. Other properties such as particle shape, concentration, surface charge, and size distribution breadth, as well as slurry cohesiveness and adhesiveness, liquid pH and ionic strength also influence the simulant properties either directly or through other physical properties such as yield stress.
Large-Scale Spray Releases: Initial Aerosol Test Results
Schonewill, Philip P.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Bontha, Jagannadha R.; Daniel, Richard C.; Kurath, Dean E.; Adkins, Harold E.; Billing, Justin M.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Davis, James M.; Enderlin, Carl W.; Fischer, Christopher M.; Jenks, Jeromy WJ; Lukins, Craig D.; MacFarlan, Paul J.; Shutthanandan, Janani I.; Smith, Dennese M.
One of the events postulated in the hazard analysis at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities is a breach in process piping that produces aerosols with droplet sizes in the respirable range. The current approach for predicting the size and concentration of aerosols produced in a spray leak involves extrapolating from correlations reported in the literature. These correlations are based on results obtained from small engineered spray nozzles using pure liquids with Newtonian fluid behavior. The narrow ranges of physical properties on which the correlations are based do not cover the wide range of slurries and viscous materials that will be processed in the WTP and across processing facilities in the DOE complex. Two key technical areas were identified where testing results were needed to improve the technical basis by reducing the uncertainty due to extrapolating existing literature results. The first technical need was to quantify the role of slurry particles in small breaches where the slurry particles may plug and result in substantially reduced, or even negligible, respirable fraction formed by high-pressure sprays. The second technical need was to determine the aerosol droplet size distribution and volume from prototypic breaches and fluids, specifically including sprays from larger breaches with slurries where data from the literature are scarce. To address these technical areas, small- and large-scale test stands were constructed and operated with simulants to determine aerosol release fractions and generation rates from a range of breach sizes and geometries. The properties of the simulants represented the range of properties expected in the WTP process streams and included water, sodium salt solutions, slurries containing boehmite or gibbsite, and a hazardous chemical simulant. The effect of anti-foam agents was assessed with most of the simulants. Orifices included round holes and rectangular slots. The round holes ranged in size from 0.2 to 4.46 mm. The slots ranged from (width ū length) 0.3 ū 5 to 2.74 ū 76.2 mm. Most slots were oriented longitudinally along the pipe, but some were oriented circumferentially. In addition, a limited number of multi-hole test pieces were tested in an attempt to assess the impact of a more complex breach. Much of the testing was conducted at pressures of 200 and 380 psi, but some tests were conducted at 100 psi. Testing the largest postulated breaches was deemed impractical because of the large size of some of the WTP equipment. The purpose of this report is to present the experimental results and analyses for the aerosol measurements obtained in the large-scale test stand. The report includes a description of the simulants used and their properties, equipment and operations, data analysis methodology, and test results. The results of tests investigating the role of slurry particles in plugging of small breaches are reported in Mahoney et al. 2012a. The results of the aerosol measurements in the small-scale test stand are reported in Mahoney et al. (2012b).
Aalborg Universitet Optimal Selection of AC Cables for Large Scale Offshore Wind Farms
Hu, Weihao
Aalborg Universitet Optimal Selection of AC Cables for Large Scale Offshore Wind Farms Hou, Peng Cables for Large Scale Offshore Wind Farms. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of IEEE of AC Cables for Large Scale Offshore Wind Farms Peng Hou, Weihao Hu, Zhe Chen Department of Energy
Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage
Wang, Wei Hua
Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage Huilin Pan attention particularly in large- scale electric energy storage applications for renewable energy and smart, such as the wind and the sun, large-scale electric energy storage systems are becoming extremely important
ABSTRACT SMALL AND LARGE-SCALE MAGNETIC FIELDS INVOLVED WITH SOLAR FLARES by Chang Liu Solar flares of an EUV sigmoid. #12;SMALL AND LARGE-SCALE MAGNETIC FIELDS INVOLVED WITH SOLAR FLARES by Chang Liu RESERVED #12;APPROVAL PAGE SMALL AND LARGE-SCALE MAGNETIC FIELDS INVOLVED WITH SOLAR FLARES Chang Liu Dr
Microwave Mapping As a Possible New Diagnostic Tool for LargeScale Solar Magnetic Fields
Petrovay, Krist¾f
Microwave Mapping As a Possible New Diagnostic Tool for LargeŁScale Solar Magnetic Fields M of microwave maps in the study of weak largeŁscale solar magnetic fields is discussed. Our knowledge of the largeŁscale solar background magnetic fields is limited by the circumstance that magnetograph
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Large-Scale Active Middleware (LSAM) September 3, 1997 1 of 27
Touch, Joe
transport UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Large-Scale Active Middleware (LSAM) September 3, 1997 8 of 27UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Large-Scale Active Middleware (LSAM) September 3, 1997 1 of 27 Middleware Project USC/ISI Computer Networks Division UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Large-Scale Active
Development of a Large-Scale Ubiquitous Computing Interface We propose the development of a unique experimental facility for the exploration of large-scale ubiquitous computing
Haro, Antonio
Development of a Large-Scale Ubiquitous Computing Interface 1 Summary We propose the development of a unique experimental facility for the exploration of large-scale ubiquitous computing interfaces reveal how it will be used and the scientific issues raised. Current ubiquitous computing experiments
Lee, S; Richard Dimenna, R; Robert Leishear, R; David Stefanko, D
Flow evolution models were developed to evaluate the performance of the new advanced design mixer pump for sludge mixing and removal operations with high-velocity liquid jets in one of the large-scale Savannah River Site waste tanks, Tank 18. This paper describes the computational model, the flow measurements used to provide validation data in the region far from the jet nozzle, the extension of the computational results to real tank conditions through the use of existing sludge suspension data, and finally, the sludge removal results from actual Tank 18 operations. A computational fluid dynamics approach was used to simulate the sludge removal operations. The models employed a three-dimensional representation of the tank with a two-equation turbulence model. Both the computational approach and the models were validated with onsite test data reported here and literature data. The model was then extended to actual conditions in Tank 18 through a velocity criterion to predict the ability of the new pump design to suspend settled sludge. A qualitative comparison with sludge removal operations in Tank 18 showed a reasonably good comparison with final results subject to significant uncertainties in actual sludge properties.
Importance-Truncated Large-Scale Shell Model
Stumpf, Christina; Roth, Robert
We propose an importance-truncation scheme for the large-scale nuclear shell model that extends its range of applicability to larger valence spaces and mid-shell nuclei. It is based on a perturbative measure for the importance of individual basis states that acts as an additional truncation for the many-body model space in which the eigenvalue problem of the Hamiltonian is solved numerically. Through a posteriori extrapolations of all observables to vanishing importance threshold, the full shell-model results can be recovered. In addition to simple threshold extrapolations, we explore extrapolations based on the energy variance. We apply the importance-truncated shell model for the study of 56-Ni in the pf valence space and of 60-Zn and 64-Ge in the pfg9/2 space. We demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the approach, which pave the way for future shell-model calculations in larger valence spaces with valence-space interactions derived in ab initio approaches.
Development of explosive event scale model testing capability at Sandia`s large scale centrifuge facility
Blanchat, T.K.; Davie, N.T.; Calderone, J.J.
Geotechnical structures such as underground bunkers, tunnels, and building foundations are subjected to stress fields produced by the gravity load on the structure and/or any overlying strata. These stress fields may be reproduced on a scaled model of the structure by proportionally increasing the gravity field through the use of a centrifuge. This technology can then be used to assess the vulnerability of various geotechnical structures to explosive loading. Applications of this technology include assessing the effectiveness of earth penetrating weapons, evaluating the vulnerability of various structures, counter-terrorism, and model validation. This document describes the development of expertise in scale model explosive testing on geotechnical structures using Sandia`s large scale centrifuge facility. This study focused on buried structures such as hardened storage bunkers or tunnels. Data from this study was used to evaluate the predictive capabilities of existing hydrocodes and structural dynamics codes developed at Sandia National Laboratories (such as Pronto/SPH, Pronto/CTH, and ALEGRA). 7 refs., 50 figs., 8 tabs.
Advanced I/O for large-scale scientific applications.
Klasky, Scott (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN); Schwan, Karsten (Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA); Oldfield, Ron A.; Lofstead, Gerald F., II (Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA)
As scientific simulations scale to use petascale machines and beyond, the data volumes generated pose a dual problem. First, with increasing machine sizes, the careful tuning of IO routines becomes more and more important to keep the time spent in IO acceptable. It is not uncommon, for instance, to have 20% of an application's runtime spent performing IO in a 'tuned' system. Careful management of the IO routines can move that to 5% or even less in some cases. Second, the data volumes are so large, on the order of 10s to 100s of TB, that trying to discover the scientifically valid contributions requires assistance at runtime to both organize and annotate the data. Waiting for offline processing is not feasible due both to the impact on the IO system and the time required. To reduce this load and improve the ability of scientists to use the large amounts of data being produced, new techniques for data management are required. First, there is a need for techniques for efficient movement of data from the compute space to storage. These techniques should understand the underlying system infrastructure and adapt to changing system conditions. Technologies include aggregation networks, data staging nodes for a closer parity to the IO subsystem, and autonomic IO routines that can detect system bottlenecks and choose different approaches, such as splitting the output into multiple targets, staggering output processes. Such methods must be end-to-end, meaning that even with properly managed asynchronous techniques, it is still essential to properly manage the later synchronous interaction with the storage system to maintain acceptable performance. Second, for the data being generated, annotations and other metadata must be incorporated to help the scientist understand output data for the simulation run as a whole, to select data and data features without concern for what files or other storage technologies were employed. All of these features should be attained while maintaining a simple deployment for the science code and eliminating the need for allocation of additional computational resources.
Large-Scale Sequencing: The Future of Genomic Sciences Colloquium
Margaret Riley; Merry Buckley
Genetic sequencing and the various molecular techniques it has enabled have revolutionized the field of microbiology. Examining and comparing the genetic sequences borne by microbes - including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and microbial eukaryotes - provides researchers insights into the processes microbes carry out, their pathogenic traits, and new ways to use microorganisms in medicine and manufacturing. Until recently, sequencing entire microbial genomes has been laborious and expensive, and the decision to sequence the genome of an organism was made on a case-by-case basis by individual researchers and funding agencies. Now, thanks to new technologies, the cost and effort of sequencing is within reach for even the smallest facilities, and the ability to sequence the genomes of a significant fraction of microbial life may be possible. The availability of numerous microbial genomes will enable unprecedented insights into microbial evolution, function, and physiology. However, the current ad hoc approach to gathering sequence data has resulted in an unbalanced and highly biased sampling of microbial diversity. A well-coordinated, large-scale effort to target the breadth and depth of microbial diversity would result in the greatest impact. The American Academy of Microbiology convened a colloquium to discuss the scientific benefits of engaging in a large-scale, taxonomically-based sequencing project. A group of individuals with expertise in microbiology, genomics, informatics, ecology, and evolution deliberated on the issues inherent in such an effort and generated a set of specific recommendations for how best to proceed. The vast majority of microbes are presently uncultured and, thus, pose significant challenges to such a taxonomically-based approach to sampling genome diversity. However, we have yet to even scratch the surface of the genomic diversity among cultured microbes. A coordinated sequencing effort of cultured organisms is an appropriate place to begin, since not only are their genomes available, but they are also accompanied by data on environment and physiology that can be used to understand the resulting data. As single cell isolation methods improve, there should be a shift toward incorporating uncultured organisms and communities into this effort. Efforts to sequence cultivated isolates should target characterized isolates from culture collections for which biochemical data are available, as well as other cultures of lasting value from personal collections. The genomes of type strains should be among the first targets for sequencing, but creative culture methods, novel cell isolation, and sorting methods would all be helpful in obtaining organisms we have not yet been able to cultivate for sequencing. The data that should be provided for strains targeted for sequencing will depend on the phylogenetic context of the organism and the amount of information available about its nearest relatives. Annotation is an important part of transforming genome sequences into useful resources, but it represents the most significant bottleneck to the field of comparative genomics right now and must be addressed. Furthermore, there is a need for more consistency in both annotation and achieving annotation data. As new annotation tools become available over time, re-annotation of genomes should be implemented, taking advantage of advancements in annotation techniques in order to capitalize on the genome sequences and increase both the societal and scientific benefit of genomics work. Given the proper resources, the knowledge and ability exist to be able to select model systems, some simple, some less so, and dissect them so that we may understand the processes and interactions at work in them. Colloquium participants suggest a five-pronged, coordinated initiative to exhaustively describe six different microbial ecosystems, designed to describe all the gene diversity, across genomes. In this effort, sequencing should be complemented by other experimental data, particularly transcriptomics and metabolomics data, all of which
Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for Nuclear Physics Research
Gerber, Richard A.; Wasserman, Harvey J.
IThe National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) is the primary computing center for the DOE Office of Science, serving approximately 4,000 users and hosting some 550 projects that involve nearly 700 codes for a wide variety of scientific disciplines. In addition to large-scale computing resources NERSC provides critical staff support and expertise to help scientists make the most efficient use of these resources to advance the scientific mission of the Office of Science. In May 2011, NERSC, DOEÆs Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) and DOEÆs Office of Nuclear Physics (NP) held a workshop to characterize HPC requirements for NP research over the next three to five years. The effort is part of NERSCÆs continuing involvement in anticipating future user needs and deploying necessary resources to meet these demands. The workshop revealed several key requirements, in addition to achieving its goal of characterizing NP computing. The key requirements include: 1. Larger allocations of computational resources at NERSC; 2. Visualization and analytics support; and 3. Support at NERSC for the unique needs of experimental nuclear physicists. This report expands upon these key points and adds others. The results are based upon representative samples, called ōcase studies,ö of the needs of science teams within NP. The case studies were prepared by NP workshop participants and contain a summary of science goals, methods of solution, current and future computing requirements, and special software and support needs. Participants were also asked to describe their strategy for computing in the highly parallel, ōmulti-coreö environment that is expected to dominate HPC architectures over the next few years. The report also includes a section with NERSC responses to the workshop findings. NERSC has many initiatives already underway that address key workshop findings and all of the action items are aligned with NERSC strategic plans.
Large-Scale Manufacturing of Nanoparticulate-Based Lubrication Additives
This factsheet describes a research project whose goal is to design, develop, manufacture, and scale up boron-based nanoparticulate lubrication additives.
Large-Scale Federal Renewable Energy Projects | Department of...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Renewable energy projects larger than 10 megawatts (MW), also known as utility-scale projects, are complex and typically require private-sector financing. The Federal Energy...
The influence of large-scale wind power on global climate
Barlaz, Morton A.
The influence of large-scale wind power on global climate David W. Keith* , Joseph F. De, CA, September 19, 2004 (received for review April 16, 2004) Large-scale use of wind power can alter of wind power at regional to global scales by using two general circulation models and several
An Energy-Efficient Framework for Large-Scale Parallel Storage Systems
Qin, Xiao
An Energy-Efficient Framework for Large-Scale Parallel Storage Systems Ziliang Zong, Matt Briggs-scale and energy-efficient parallel storage systems. To validate the efficiency of the proposed framework, a buffer that this new framework can significantly improves the energy efficiency of large-scale parallel storage systems
Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for High Energy Physics
Gerber, Richard A.; Wasserman, Harvey
The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) is the leading scientific computing facility for the Department of Energy's Office of Science, providing high-performance computing (HPC) resources to more than 3,000 researchers working on about 400 projects. NERSC provides large-scale computing resources and, crucially, the support and expertise needed for scientists to make effective use of them. In November 2009, NERSC, DOE's Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR), and DOE's Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) held a workshop to characterize the HPC resources needed at NERSC to support HEP research through the next three to five years. The effort is part of NERSC's legacy of anticipating users needs and deploying resources to meet those demands. The workshop revealed several key points, in addition to achieving its goal of collecting and characterizing computing requirements. The chief findings: (1) Science teams need access to a significant increase in computational resources to meet their research goals; (2) Research teams need to be able to read, write, transfer, store online, archive, analyze, and share huge volumes of data; (3) Science teams need guidance and support to implement their codes on future architectures; and (4) Projects need predictable, rapid turnaround of their computational jobs to meet mission-critical time constraints. This report expands upon these key points and includes others. It also presents a number of case studies as representative of the research conducted within HEP. Workshop participants were asked to codify their requirements in this case study format, summarizing their science goals, methods of solution, current and three-to-five year computing requirements, and software and support needs. Participants were also asked to describe their strategy for computing in the highly parallel, multi-core environment that is expected to dominate HPC architectures over the next few years. The report includes a section that describes efforts already underway or planned at NERSC that address requirements collected at the workshop. NERSC has many initiatives in progress that address key workshop findings and are aligned with NERSC's strategic plans.
Large-scale structure of the fast solar wind
Bisi, M. M.; Fallows, R. A.; Breen, A. R.; Habbal, S. Rifai; Jones, R. A.
to detect small variations in the fast solar wind struc-small-scale (?100 km) density variations in the solar wind.small step in density seen in the Ulysses data indicated the presence of two modes of fast wind,
Issues in strategic management of large-scale software product line development
Nivoit, Jean-Baptiste (Jean-Baptiste Henri)
This thesis reflects on the issues and challenges large software product engineering managers face. Software is hard to engineer on a small scale, but at a larger scale, engineering and management tasks are even more ...
Large-Scale Manufacturing of Nanoparticle-Based Lubrication Additives
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
component failure. Poor lubricant performance can cause significant energy and material losses. The already large global demand for lubricants is expected to continue growing in...
Large-Scale Production of Marine Microalgae for Fuel and Feeds
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Review Large-Scale Production of Marine Microalgae for Fuel and Feeds March 24, 2015 Algae Platform Review Mark Huntley Cornell Marine Algal Biofuels Consortium This...
Large-scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States. Assessment of Opportunities and Barriers
Musial, Walter; Ram, Bonnie
This report describes the benefits of and barriers to large-scale deployment of offshore wind energy systems in U.S. waters.
A Tractable Approach to Understanding the Results from Large-Scale 3D Transient
Peraire, Jaime
) problems or NASA's HPCC (High Performance Computing & Communication) grand challenges, can easily. Introduction Large-scale simulations of physical phenomena on high performance computing systems (often on mas
Asymmetry in In-Degree and Out-Degree Distributions of Large-Scale Industrial Networks
Luo, Jianxi; Whitney, Daniel E.
Network structures in industrial pricing: the effect ofrecession? ranking U.S. industrial sectors by the Power-of-distributions of large-scale industrial networks Jianxi Luo
Best Practices and Tools for Large-scale Deployment of Renewable...
Best Practices and Tools for Large-scale Deployment of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Techniques Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Best Practices...
A Topological Framework for the Interactive Exploration of Large Scale Turbulent Combustion
Bremer, Peer-Timo
comparison of terascale combustion simulation data. Mathe-premixed hydrogen ?ames. Combustion and Flame, [7] J. L.of Large Scale Turbulent Combustion Peer-Timo Bremer 1 ,
Parallel I/O Software Infrastructure for Large-Scale Systems
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Systems Parallel IO Software Infrastructure for Large-Scale Systems | Tags: Math & Computer Science Choudhary.png An illustration of how MPI---IO file domain alignment...
In-situ sampling of a large-scale particle simulation for interactive...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
random sampling of data from large scale particle simulations, such as the Roadrunner Universe MCsup 3 cosmological simulation, to be used for interactive post-analysis and...
On scale and magnitude of pressure build-up induced by large-scale geologic storage of CO2
Zhou, Q.
activities, such as oil production. Large-scale pressureannual volume of world oil production and the pore volumem 3 . In 2006, the world oil production was 4.3 km 3 (73.46
A framework for delay emulation of large-scale internetworksĀ
Venkata, Shravan Rangaraju
Several network applications require access to a large number of geographically distributed machines for testing and debugging purposes. Typically, it is the case that either access is not available for so many machines, ...
RICE UNIVERSITY Argos: Practical Base Stations for Large-scale
Zhong, Lin
, Thesis Committee: Lin Zhong, Chair Associate Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering Ashutosh Sabharwal Associate Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering Edward Knightly Professor Electrical-scale Beamforming by Clayton W. Shepard MU-MIMO theory predicts manyfold capacity gains by leveraging many antennas
Multilevel method for modeling large-scale networks.
Safro, I. M. (Mathematics and Computer Science)
Understanding the behavior of real complex networks is of great theoretical and practical significance. It includes developing accurate artificial models whose topological properties are similar to the real networks, generating the artificial networks at different scales under special conditions, investigating a network dynamics, reconstructing missing data, predicting network response, detecting anomalies and other tasks. Network generation, reconstruction, and prediction of its future topology are central issues of this field. In this project, we address the questions related to the understanding of the network modeling, investigating its structure and properties, and generating artificial networks. Most of the modern network generation methods are based either on various random graph models (reinforced by a set of properties such as power law distribution of node degrees, graph diameter, and number of triangles) or on the principle of replicating an existing model with elements of randomization such as R-MAT generator and Kronecker product modeling. Hierarchical models operate at different levels of network hierarchy but with the same finest elements of the network. However, in many cases the methods that include randomization and replication elements on the finest relationships between network nodes and modeling that addresses the problem of preserving a set of simplified properties do not fit accurately enough the real networks. Among the unsatisfactory features are numerically inadequate results, non-stability of algorithms on real (artificial) data, that have been tested on artificial (real) data, and incorrect behavior at different scales. One reason is that randomization and replication of existing structures can create conflicts between fine and coarse scales of the real network geometry. Moreover, the randomization and satisfying of some attribute at the same time can abolish those topological attributes that have been undefined or hidden from researchers. We propose to develop multilevel methods to model complex networks. The key point of the proposed strategy is that it will help to preserve part of the unknown structural attributes by guaranteeing the similar behavior of the real and artificial model on different scales.
On the Evolution of Thermonuclear Flames on Large Scales
Ju Zhang; O. E. Bronson Messer; Alexei M. Khokhlov; Tomasz Plewa
The thermonuclear explosion of a massive white dwarf in a Type Ia supernova explosion is characterized by vastly disparate spatial and temporal scales. The extreme dynamic range inherent to the problem prevents the use of direct numerical simulation and forces modelers to resort to subgrid models to describe physical processes taking place on unresolved scales. We consider the evolution of a model thermonuclear flame in a constant gravitational field on a periodic domain. The gravitational acceleration is aligned with the overall direction of the flame propagation, making the flame surface subject to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The flame evolution is followed through an extended initial transient phase well into the steady-state regime. The properties of the evolution of flame surface are examined. We confirm the form of the governing equation of the evolution suggested by Khokhlov (1995). The mechanism of vorticity production and the interaction between vortices and the flame surface are discussed. The results of our investigation provide the bases for revising and extending previous subgrid-scale model.
Autonomous Science during Large-Scale Robotic David R. Thompson
of geologic phenomena with a visible near-infrared spectrometer. We develop an approach to "sci- ence). Scientists can use these over-the-horizon modes to quickly characterize large areas and visit multiple geologic units between communications opportunities (Wettergreen et al., 2005; Cabrol et al., 2007
Energy Modeling of Supercomputers and Large-Scale Scientific Applications
Pakin, Scott
include 1) the presentation of a practical, regression model that expresses energy consumption consumption, 2) a validation of the model's ability to describe the energy consumption of a few large needed for an application to reduce its energy consumption and an identification of the CPU frequency
Large Scale Test of Sensor Fingerprint Camera Identification Miroslav Goljan, Jessica Fridrich, and Toms Filler
Fridrich, Jessica
Large Scale Test of Sensor Fingerprint Camera Identification Miroslav Goljan, Jessica Fridrich This paper presents a large scale test of camera identification from sensor fingerprints. To overcome-line image sharing site. In our experiment, we tested over one million images spanning 6896 individual
Harvesting Clean Energy How California Can Deploy Large-Scale Renewable
Kammen, Daniel M.
Harvesting Clean Energy How California Can Deploy Large-Scale Renewable Energy Projects Harvesting Clean Energy: How California Can Deploy Large-Scale Renewable Energy Projects on Appropriate acres of impaired lands in the Westlands Water District in the Central Valley may soon have
Large-Scale Trends in the Evolution of Gene Structures within 11 Animal Genomes
Yandell, Mark
Large-Scale Trends in the Evolution of Gene Structures within 11 Animal Genomes Mark Yandell1,2,3ża-source software library called CGL (for ``Comparative Genomics Library''). Our results demonstrate that change. Citation: Yandell M, Mungall CJ, Smith C, Prochnik S, Kaminker J, et al (2006) Large-scale trends
Scheduling of large scale crude oil blending Felipe Diaz-Alvarado1, Francisco Trespalacios2,
Grossmann, Ignacio E.
Scheduling of large scale crude oil blending Felipe D┤iaz-Alvarado1, Francisco Trespalacios2, 30 (4): 614-634. D┤iaz-Alvarado, Trespalacios, Grossmann Scheduling of large scale crude oil blending, P. A Novel Priority-Slot Based Continuous-Time Formulation for Crude-Oil Scheduling Problems
Towards Automatic Incorporation of Search engines into a Large-Scale Metasearch Engine
Meng, Weiyi
Towards Automatic Incorporation of Search engines into a Large-Scale Metasearch Engine Zonghuan Wu. of Computer Science Univ. of Illinois at Chicago email@example.com Abstract A metasearch engine supports unified access to multiple component search engines. To build a very large-scale metasearch engine that can
2D MHD MODELS OF THE LARGE SCALE SOLAR Eirik Endeve
California at Berkeley, University of
by the ideal gas law, P 2nkT. In order to study the acceleration of high- and low- speed solar wind one must2D MHD MODELS OF THE LARGE SCALE SOLAR CORONA Eirik EndeveŻ , Thomas E. Holzer and Egil Leer to determine the structure of the large scale solar corona. When our numerical calculations are initiated
Reconfiguration-Assisted Charging in Large-Scale Lithium-ion Battery Systems
Reconfiguration-Assisted Charging in Large-Scale Lithium-ion Battery Systems Liang He1 , Linghe, TX, USA ABSTRACT Large-scale Lithium-ion batteries are widely adopted in many systems and heterogeneous discharging con- ditions, cells in the battery system may have differ- ent statuses
Electronic Properties of Large-scale Graphene Films Chemical Vapor Synthesized on Nickel and on Copper
Chen, Yong P.
transport properties of graphene films grown on Ni and Cu. Sample Preparation The synthesis of graphene film1 Electronic Properties of Large-scale Graphene Films Chemical Vapor Synthesized on Nickel of large scale graphene films grown by chemical vapor synthesis on Ni and Cu, and then transferred to SiO2
U.S. Energy Infrastructure Investment: Large-Scale Integrated Smart Grid
U.S. Energy Infrastructure Investment: Large-Scale Integrated Smart Grid Solutions with High: LargeScale Integrated Smart Grid Solutions with High Penetration of Renewable Resources, Dispersed- ing electricity grid. Much attention is being given to smart grid development in the U.S. and around
Monte Carlo Adaptive Technique for Sensitivity Analysis of a Large-scale Air Pollution Model
Dimov, Ivan
Monte Carlo Adaptive Technique for Sensitivity Analysis of a Large-scale Air Pollution Model Ivan of input parameters contribution into output variability of a large- scale air pollution model]. This model simulates the transport of air pollutants and has been developed by Dr. Z. Zlatev and his
QA-Pagelet: Data Preparation Techniques for Large Scale Data Analysis of the Deep Web
Liu, Ling
1 QA-Pagelet: Data Preparation Techniques for Large Scale Data Analysis of the Deep Web James data preparation technique for large scale data analysis of the Deep Web. To support QA the Deep Web. Two unique features of the Thor framework are (1) the novel page clustering for grouping
QA-Pagelet: Data Preparation Techniques for Large-Scale Data Analysis of the Deep Web
Caverlee, James
QA-Pagelet: Data Preparation Techniques for Large-Scale Data Analysis of the Deep Web James the QA-Pagelet as a fundamental data preparation technique for large-scale data analysis of the Deep Web-Pagelets from the Deep Web. Two unique features of the Thor framework are 1) the novel page clustering
Experimental Investigation on Rapid Filling of a Large-Scale Pipeline
Tijsseling, A.S.
; Unsteady flow; Two-phase flow; AirŁwater interface; Flow-regime transition. Introduction Rapid pipe filling experiments of the two-phase pressurized flow behavior during the rapid filling of a large-scale pipelineExperimental Investigation on Rapid Filling of a Large-Scale Pipeline Qingzhi Hou1 ; Arris S
LETTER doi:10.1038/nature11727 Large-scale nanophotonic phased array
Reif, Rafael
and astronomy1 . The ability to generate arbi- trary radiation patterns with large-scale phased arrays has long been pursued. Although it is extremely expensive and cumbersome to deploy large-scale radiofrequency of the nanoantennas pre- cisely balanced in power and aligned in phase to generate a designed, sophisticated radiation
Parallel domain decomposition for simulation of large-scale power grids
Mohanram, Kartik
of large-scale linear circuits such as power grids. DD techniques that use non-overlapping and overlap that with the proposed parallel DD framework, existing linear circuit simulators can be extended to handle large- scale can be solved independently in parallel using standard techniques for linear system analysis
Passive scalar in a large-scale velocity field I. Kolokolov
Lebedev, Vladimir
Passive scalar in a large-scale velocity field I. Kolokolov Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics advection of a passive scalar (t,r) by an incompressible large-scale turbulent flow. In the framework of and for the passive scalar difference (r1) (r2) for separations r1 r2 lying in the convective interval are found
Linear Algebraic Calculation of Green's function for Large-Scale Electronic Structure Theory
Hoshi, Takeo
Linear Algebraic Calculation of Green's function for Large-Scale Electronic Structure Theory R (Dated: March 2, 2006) A linear algebraic method named the shifted conjugate-orthogonal-conjugate-gradient method is introduced for large-scale electronic structure calculation. The method gives an iterative
Type-Preserving Compilation for Large-Scale Optimizing Object-Oriented Compilers
California at Berkeley, University of
Type-Preserving Compilation for Large-Scale Optimizing Object-Oriented Compilers Juan Chen Chris firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Type-preserving compilers translate well-typed source code, such as Java or C- mentation of type-preserving compilation in a complex, large-scale optimizing compiler. Compared to prior
Platforms and Real Options in Large-Scale Engineering Konstantinos Kalligeros
de Weck, Olivier L.
Platforms and Real Options in Large-Scale Engineering Systems by Konstantinos Kalligeros Dipl teams to assess the value of real options in programs of large-scale, partially stan- dardized systems. A novel valuation process is introduced to value the developer's real options to choose among
AMP: An Affinity-based Metadata Prefetching Scheme in Large-Scale Distributed Storage Systems
Zhu, Yifeng
1 AMP: An Affinity-based Metadata Prefetching Scheme in Large-Scale Distributed Storage Systems Lin significantly reduce access latency for I/O systems. In distributed storage systems, prefetching for metadata Prefetching (AMP) scheme is proposed for metadata servers in large-scale distributed storage systems
Role of large-scale soil structure in organic carbon turnover: Evidence from California grassland soils
Role of large-scale soil structure in organic carbon turnover: Evidence from California grassland soils Stephanie A. Ewing,1 Jonathan Sanderman,1 W. Troy Baisden,2 Yang Wang,3 and Ronald Amundson1 characterized the effect of large-scale (>20 mm) soil physical structure on the age and recalcitrance of soil
Automated Data Verification in a Large-scale Citizen Science Project: a Case Study
Wong, Weng-Keen
Automated Data Verification in a Large-scale Citizen Science Project: a Case Study Jun Yu1 , Steve,email@example.com Abstract-- Although citizen science projects can engage a very large number with eBird, which is a broad-scale citizen science project to collect bird observations, has shown
Phoenix Rebirth: Scalable MapReduce on a Large-Scale Shared-Memory System
Kozyrakis, Christos
Phoenix Rebirth: Scalable MapReduce on a Large-Scale Shared-Memory System Richard M. Yoo, Anthony for large-scale, shared-memory systems can be challenging. This work optimizes Phoenix, a MapReduce runtime for clusters and CMP systems [5]Ł[8]. This work focuses on Phoenix [5], a MapReduce imple- mentation for shared
Disentangling the Multiple Sources of Large-Scale Variability in Australian Wintertime Precipitation
Sherwood, Steven
Precipitation PENELOPE MAHER AND STEVEN C. SHERWOOD Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence received 25 October 2013, in final form 4 March 2014) ABSTRACT Precipitation is influenced by multiple large-scale natural processes. Many of these large-scale precipitation ``drivers'' are not independent
Hurricane Activity and the Large-Scale Pattern of Spread of an Invasive Plant Species
Cronin, James T.
Hurricane Activity and the Large-Scale Pattern of Spread of an Invasive Plant Species Ganesh P of invasive species. However, the effects of large-scale disturbances, such as hurricanes and tropical storms. australis stands expanded in size by 6Ł35% per year. Based on tropical storm and hurricane activity over
Large Scale Geothermal Exchange System for Residential, Office and Retail
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on QA:QAsource History View NewTexas:Montezuma, Arizona: Energy ResourcesProject | Open Energy Information Large
Large Scale Comparative Visualisation of Regulatory Networks with TRNDiff
Chua, Xin-Yi [QFAB Bioinformatics, Inst. for Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane (Austrialia); Buckingham, Lawrence [School of EECS, QUT, Brisbane (Australia); Hogan, James M. [School of EECS, QUT, Brisbane (Australia); Novichkov, Pavel [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States)
The advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies has seen explosive growth in genomic datasets, and dense coverage of related organisms, supporting study of subtle, strain-specific variations as a determinant of function. Such data collections present fresh and complex challenges for bioinformatics, those of comparing models of complex relationships across hundreds and even thousands of sequences. Transcriptional Regulatory Network (TRN) structures document the influence of regulatory proteins called Transcription Factors (TFs) on associated Target Genes (TGs). TRNs are routinely inferred from model systems or iterative search, and analysis at these scales requires simultaneous displays of multiple networks well beyond those of existing network visualisation tools [1]. In this paper we describe TRNDiff, an open source system supporting the comparative analysis and visualization of TRNs (and similarly structured data) from many genomes, allowing rapid identification of functional variations within species. The approach is demonstrated through a small scale multiple TRN analysis of the Fur iron-uptake system of Yersinia, suggesting a number of candidate virulence factors; and through a larger study exploiting integration with the RegPrecise database (http://regprecise.lbl.gov; [2]) - a collection of hundreds of manually curated and predicted transcription factor regulons drawn from across the entire spectrum of prokaryotic organisms.
Large Scale Comparative Visualisation of Regulatory Networks with TRNDiff
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Chua, Xin-Yi; Buckingham, Lawrence; Hogan, James M.; Novichkov, Pavel
The advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies has seen explosive growth in genomic datasets, and dense coverage of related organisms, supporting study of subtle, strain-specific variations as a determinant of function. Such data collections present fresh and complex challenges for bioinformatics, those of comparing models of complex relationships across hundreds and even thousands of sequences. Transcriptional Regulatory Network (TRN) structures document the influence of regulatory proteins called Transcription Factors (TFs) on associated Target Genes (TGs). TRNs are routinely inferred from model systems or iterative search, and analysis at these scales requires simultaneous displays of multiple networks well beyond thosemoreĀ╗of existing network visualisation tools [1]. In this paper we describe TRNDiff, an open source system supporting the comparative analysis and visualization of TRNs (and similarly structured data) from many genomes, allowing rapid identification of functional variations within species. The approach is demonstrated through a small scale multiple TRN analysis of the Fur iron-uptake system of Yersinia, suggesting a number of candidate virulence factors; and through a larger study exploiting integration with the RegPrecise database (http://regprecise.lbl.gov; [2]) - a collection of hundreds of manually curated and predicted transcription factor regulons drawn from across the entire spectrum of prokaryotic organisms.½Āless
On the self-sustained nature of large-scale motions in turbulent Couette flow
Rawat, Subhandu; Hwang, Yongyun; Rincon, Franńois
Large-scale motions in wall-bounded turbulent flows are frequently interpreted as resulting from an aggregation process of smaller-scale structures. Here, we explore the alternative possibility that such large-scale motions are themselves self-sustained and do not draw their energy from smaller-scale turbulent motions activated in buffer layers. To this end, it is first shown that large-scale motions in turbulent Couette flow at Re=2150 self-sustain even when active processes at smaller scales are artificially quenched by increasing the Smagorinsky constant Cs in large eddy simulations. These results are in agreement with earlier results on pressure driven turbulent channels. We further investigate the nature of the large-scale coherent motions by computing upper and lower-branch nonlinear steady solutions of the filtered (LES) equations with a Newton-Krylov solver,and find that they are connected by a saddle-node bifurcation at large values of Cs. Upper branch solutions for the filtered large scale motions a...
Large Scale Power Suppression in a Multifield Landscape
Blanco-Pillado, Jose J; Frazer, Jonathan; Sousa, Kepa
Power suppression of the cosmic microwave background on the largest observable scales could provide valuable clues about the particle physics underlying inflation. Here we consider the prospect of power suppression in the context of the multifield landscape. Based on the assumption that our observable universe emerges from a tunnelling event and that the relevant features originate purely from inflationary dynamics, we find that the power spectrum not only contains information on single-field dynamics, but also places strong con- straints on all scalar fields present in the theory. We find that the simplest single-field models giving rise to power suppression do not generalise to multifield models in a straightforward way, as the resulting superhorizon evolution of the curvature perturbation tends to erase any power suppression present at horizon crossing. On the other hand, multifield effects do present a means of generating power suppression which to our knowledge has so far not been considered. We propose ...
Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Highly Parallel Infrastructures
Paz·rikovß, Jana
Computational chemistry allows researchers to experiment in sillico: by running a computer simulations of a biological or chemical processes of interest. Molecular dynamics with molecular mechanics model of interactions simulates N-body problem of atoms$-$it computes movements of atoms according to Newtonian physics and empirical descriptions of atomic electrostatic interactions. These simulations require high performance computing resources, as evaluations within each step are computationally demanding and billions of steps are needed to reach interesting timescales. Current methods decompose the spatial domain of the problem and calculate on parallel/distributed infrastructures. Even the methods with the highest strong scaling hit the limit at half a million cores: they are not able to cut the time to result if provided with more processors. At the dawn of exascale computing with massively parallel computational resources, we want to increase the level of parallelism by incorporating parallel-in-time comput...
DLFM library tools for large scale dynamic applications
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Homesum_a_epg0_fpd_mmcf_m.xls" ,"Available from WebQuantity ofkandz-cm11 Outreach Home Room NewsInformation Current HAB Packet Hanford Advisory Board6/23/2014DLFM library tools for large
Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for Basic Energy Sciences:
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Homesum_a_epg0_fpd_mmcf_m.xls" ,"Available from WebQuantity ofkandz-cm11 Outreach Home Room NewsInformationJesse Bergkamp Graduate studentScienceLaboratory programTarget 2014 Large
Sandia Energy - Large-Scale Computational Fluid Dynamics
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Homesum_a_epg0_fpd_mmcf_m.xls" ,"Available from WebQuantity ofkandz-cm11 Outreach Home RoomPreservation of Fe(II)Geothermal Energy &Water Power ProgramLarge Eddy Simulation
Feasibility of Large-Scale Ocean CO2 Sequestration
Peter Brewer
Scientific knowledge of natural clathrate hydrates has grown enormously over the past decade, with spectacular new findings of large exposures of complex hydrates on the sea floor, the development of new tools for examining the solid phase in situ, significant progress in modeling natural hydrate systems, and the discovery of exotic hydrates associated with sea floor venting of liquid CO{sub 2}. Major unresolved questions remain about the role of hydrates in response to climate change today, and correlations between the hydrate reservoir of Earth and the stable isotopic evidence of massive hydrate dissociation in the geologic past. The examination of hydrates as a possible energy resource is proceeding apace for the subpermafrost accumulations in the Arctic, but serious questions remain about the viability of marine hydrates as an economic resource. New and energetic explorations by nations such as India and China are quickly uncovering large hydrate findings on their continental shelves. In this report we detail research carried out in the period October 1, 2007 through September 30, 2008. The primary body of work is contained in a formal publication attached as Appendix 1 to this report. In brief we have surveyed the recent literature with respect to the natural occurrence of clathrate hydrates (with a special emphasis on methane hydrates), the tools used to investigate them and their potential as a new source of natural gas for energy production.
Large-scale seismic signal analysis with Hadoop
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Addair, T. G.; Dodge, D. A.; Walter, W. R.; Ruppert, S. D.
In seismology, waveform cross correlation has been used for years to produce high-precision hypocenter locations and for sensitive detectors. Because correlated seismograms generally are found only at small hypocenter separation distances, correlation detectors have historically been reserved for spotlight purposes. However, many regions have been found to produce large numbers of correlated seismograms, and there is growing interest in building next-generation pipelines that employ correlation as a core part of their operation. In an effort to better understand the distribution and behavior of correlated seismic events, we have cross correlated a global dataset consisting of over 300 million seismograms. ThismoreĀ╗was done using a conventional distributed cluster, and required 42 days. In anticipation of processing much larger datasets, we have re-architected the system to run as a series of MapReduce jobs on a Hadoop cluster. In doing so we achieved a factor of 19 performance increase on a test dataset. We found that fundamental algorithmic transformations were required to achieve the maximum performance increase. Whereas in the original IO-bound implementation, we went to great lengths to minimize IO, in the Hadoop implementation where IO is cheap, we were able to greatly increase the parallelism of our algorithms by performing a tiered series of very fine-grained (highly parallelizable) transformations on the data. Each of these MapReduce jobs required reading and writing large amounts of data.½Āless
Edit paper Methods for Large Scale Hydraulic Fracture Monitoring
Ely, Gregory
In this paper we propose computationally efficient and robust methods for estimating the moment tensor and location of micro-seismic event(s) for large search volumes. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we propose a novel joint-complexity measure, namely the sum of nuclear norms which while imposing sparsity on the number of fractures (locations) over a large spatial volume, also captures the rank-1 nature of the induced wavefield pattern. This wavefield pattern is modeled as the outer-product of the source signature with the amplitude pattern across the receivers from a seismic source. A rank-1 factorization of the estimated wavefield pattern at each location can therefore be used to estimate the seismic moment tensor using the knowledge of the array geometry. In contrast to existing work this approach allows us to drop any other assumption on the source signature. Second, we exploit the recently proposed first-order incremental projection algorithms for a fast and efficient implementation of the resulting...
Large-Scale Hybrid Dynamic Simulation Employing Field Measurements
Huang, Zhenyu; Guttromson, Ross T.; Hauer, John F.
Simulation and measurements are two primary ways for power engineers to gain understanding of system behaviors and thus accomplish tasks in system planning and operation. Many well-developed simulation tools are available in today's market. On the other hand, large amount of measured data can be obtained from traditional SCADA systems and currently fast growing phasor networks. However, simulation and measurement are still two separate worlds. There is a need to combine the advantages of simulation and measurements. In view of this, this paper proposes the concept of hybrid dynamic simulation which opens up traditional simulation by providing entries for measurements. A method is presented to implement hybrid simulation with PSLF/PSDS. Test studies show the validity of the proposed hybrid simulation method. Applications of such hybrid simulation include system event playback, model validation, and software validation.
Nonlinear modulation of the HI power spectrum on ultra-large scales. I
Umeh, Obinna; Santos, Mario
Intensity mapping of the neutral hydrogen brightness temperature promises to provide a three-dimensional view of the universe on very large scales. Nonlinear effects are typically thought to alter only the small-scale power, but we show how they can bias the extraction of cosmological information contained in the power spectrum on ultra-large scales. For linear perturbations to remain valid on large scales, we need to renormalize perturbations at higher order. In the case of intensity mapping, the second-order contribution to clustering from weak lensing dominates nonlinear contribution at high redshift. Renormalization modifies the mean brightness temperature and therefore the evolution bias. It also introduces a term that mimics white noise. These effects can influence forecasting analysis on ultra-large scales.
Large Scale Power Suppression in a Multifield Landscape
Jose J. Blanco-Pillado; Mafalda Dias; Jonathan Frazer; Kepa Sousa
Power suppression of the cosmic microwave background on the largest observable scales could provide valuable clues about the particle physics underlying inflation. Here we consider the prospect of power suppression in the context of the multifield landscape. Based on the assumption that our observable universe emerges from a tunnelling event and that the relevant features originate purely from inflationary dynamics, we find that the power spectrum not only contains information on single-field dynamics, but also places strong con- straints on all scalar fields present in the theory. We find that the simplest single-field models giving rise to power suppression do not generalise to multifield models in a straightforward way, as the resulting superhorizon evolution of the curvature perturbation tends to erase any power suppression present at horizon crossing. On the other hand, multifield effects do present a means of generating power suppression which to our knowledge has so far not been considered. We propose a mechanism to illustrate this, which we dub flume inflation.
On Soft Limits of Large-Scale Structure Correlation Functions
Ido Ben-Dayan; Thomas Konstandin; Rafael A. Porto; Laura Sagunski
We study soft limits of correlation functions for the density and velocity fields in the theory of structure formation. First, we re-derive the (resummed) consistency conditions at unequal times using the eikonal approximation. These are solely based on symmetry arguments and are therefore universal. Then, we explore the existence of equal-time relations in the soft limit which, on the other hand, depend on the interplay between soft and hard modes. We scrutinize two approaches in the literature: The time-flow formalism, and a background method where the soft mode is absorbed into a locally curved cosmology. The latter has been recently used to set up (angular averaged) `equal-time consistency relations'. We explicitly demonstrate that the time-flow relations and `equal-time consistency conditions' are only fulfilled at the linear level, and fail at next-to-leading order for an Einstein de-Sitter universe. While applied to the velocities both proposals break down beyond leading order, we find that the `equal-time consistency conditions' quantitatively approximates the perturbative results for the density contrast. Thus, we generalize the background method to properly incorporate the effect of curvature in the density and velocity fluctuations on short scales, and discuss the reasons behind this discrepancy. We conclude with a few comments on practical implementations and future directions.
Single-field consistency relations of large scale structure
Creminelli, Paolo; Nore±a, Jorge; Simonovi?, Marko; Vernizzi, Filippo E-mail: email@example.com E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
We derive consistency relations for the late universe (CDM and ?CDM): relations between an n-point function of the density contrast ? and an (n+1)-point function in the limit in which one of the (n+1) momenta becomes much smaller than the others. These are based on the observation that a long mode, in single-field models of inflation, reduces to a diffeomorphism since its freezing during inflation all the way until the late universe, even when the long mode is inside the horizon (but out of the sound horizon). These results are derived in Newtonian gauge, at first and second order in the small momentum q of the long mode and they are valid non-perturbatively in the short-scale ?. In the non-relativistic limit our results match with [1]. These relations are a consequence of diffeomorphism invariance; they are not satisfied in the presence of extra degrees of freedom during inflation or violation of the Equivalence Principle (extra forces) in the late universe.
Compression, Segmentation, and Modeling of Large-Scale Filamentary Volumetric Data
Keyser, John
Compression, Segmentation, and Modeling of Large-Scale Filamentary Volumetric Data Bruce H. Mc Department ABSTRACT We describe a method for processing large amounts of volumetric data collected from struc- tures extending over very large regions that prior volumetric rep- resentations have difficulty
Aquifer sensitivity assessment modeling at a large scale
Berg, R.C.; Abert, C.C. (Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL (United States))
A 480 square-mile region within Will County, northeastern Illinois was used as a test region for an evaluation of the sensitivity of aquifers to contamination. An aquifer sensitivity model was developed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) with ARC/INFO software to overlay and combine several data layers. Many of the input data layers were developed using 2-dimensional surface modeling (Interactive Surface Modeling (ISM)) and 3-dimensional volume modeling (Geologic Modeling Program (GMP)) computer software. Most of the input data layers (drift thickness, thickness of sand and gravel, depth to first aquifer) were derived from interpolation of descriptive logs for water wells and engineering borings from their study area. A total of 2,984 logs were used to produce these maps. The components used for the authors' model are (1) depth to sand and gravel or bedrock, (2) thickness of the uppermost sand and gravel aquifer, (3) drift thickness, and (4) absence or presence of uppermost bedrock aquifer. The model is an improvement over many aquifer sensitivity models because it combines specific information on depth to the uppermost sand and gravel aquifer with information on the thickness of the uppermost sand and gravel aquifer. The manipulation of the source maps according to rules-based assumptions results in a colored aquifer sensitivity map for the Will County study area. This colored map differentiates 42 aquifer sensitivity map areas by using line patterns within colors. The county-scale model results in an aquifer sensitivity map that can be a useful tool for making land-use planning decisions regarding aquifer protection and management of groundwater resources.
Testing coupled dark energy with large scale structure observation
Yang, Weiqiang; Xu, Lixin, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institute of Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 (China)
The coupling between the dark components provides a new approach to mitigate the coincidence problem of cosmological standard model. In this paper, dark energy is treated as a fluid with a constant equation of state, whose coupling with dark matter is Q-bar =3H?{sub x}?-bar {sub x}. In the frame of dark energy, we derive the evolution equations for the density and velocity perturbations. According to the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we constrain the model by currently available cosmic observations which include cosmic microwave background radiation, baryon acoustic oscillation, type Ia supernovae, and f?{sub 8}(z) data points from redshift-space distortion. The results show the interaction rate in ? regions: ?{sub x}Ā=Ā0.00328{sub -0.00328-0.00328-0.00328}{sup +0.000736+0.00549+0.00816}, which means that the recently cosmic observations favor a small interaction rate which is up to the order of 10{sup -2}, meanwhile, the measurement of redshift-space distortion could rule out the large interaction rate in the ? region.
A Large Scale Double Beta and Dark Matter Experiment: GENIUS
J. Hellmig; H. V. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus
The recent results from the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment have demonstrated the large potential of double beta decay to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. To increase by a major step the present sensitivity for double beta decay and dark matter search much bigger source strengths and much lower backgrounds are needed than used in experiments under operation at present or under construction. We present here a study of a project proposed recently, which would operate one ton of 'naked' enriched GErmanium-detectors in liquid NItrogen as shielding in an Underground Setup (GENIUS). It improves the sensitivity to neutrino masses to 0.01 eV. A ten ton version would probe neutrino masses even down to 10^-3 eV. The first version would allow to test the atmospheric neutrino problem, the second at least part of the solar neutrino problem. Both versions would allow in addition significant contributions to testing several classes of GUT models. These are especially tests of R-parity breaking supersymmetry models, leptoquark masses and mechanism and right-handed W-boson masses comparable to LHC. The second issue of the experiment is the search for dark matter in the universe. The entire MSSM parameter space for prediction of neutralinos as dark matter particles could be covered already in a first step of the full experiment - with the same purity requirements but using only 100 kg of 76Ge or even of natural Ge - making the experiment competitive to LHC in the search for supersymmetry. The layout of the proposed experiment is discussed and the shielding and purity requirements are studied using GEANT Monte Carlo simulations. As a demonstration of the feasibility of the experiment first results of operating a 'naked' Ge detector in liquid nitrogen are presented.
Method for large-scale fabrication of atomic-scale structures on material surfaces using surface vacancies
Lim, Chong Wee (Urbana, IL); Ohmori, Kenji (Urbana, IL); Petrov, Ivan Georgiev (Champaign, IL); Greene, Joseph E. (Champaign, IL)
A method for forming atomic-scale structures on a surface of a substrate on a large-scale includes creating a predetermined amount of surface vacancies on the surface of the substrate by removing an amount of atoms on the surface of the material corresponding to the predetermined amount of the surface vacancies. Once the surface vacancies have been created, atoms of a desired structure material are deposited on the surface of the substrate to enable the surface vacancies and the atoms of the structure material to interact. The interaction causes the atoms of the structure material to form the atomic-scale structures.
The role of large-scale, extratropical dynamics in climate change
Shepherd, T.G. [ed.
The climate modeling community has focused recently on improving our understanding of certain processes, such as cloud feedbacks and ocean circulation, that are deemed critical to climate-change prediction. Although attention to such processes is warranted, emphasis on these areas has diminished a general appreciation of the role played by the large-scale dynamics of the extratropical atmosphere. Lack of interest in extratropical dynamics may reflect the assumption that these dynamical processes are a non-problem as far as climate modeling is concerned, since general circulation models (GCMs) calculate motions on this scale from first principles. Nevertheless, serious shortcomings in our ability to understand and simulate large-scale dynamics exist. Partly due to a paucity of standard GCM diagnostic calculations of large-scale motions and their transports of heat, momentum, potential vorticity, and moisture, a comprehensive understanding of the role of large-scale dynamics in GCM climate simulations has not been developed. Uncertainties remain in our understanding and simulation of large-scale extratropical dynamics and their interaction with other climatic processes, such as cloud feedbacks, large-scale ocean circulation, moist convection, air-sea interaction and land-surface processes. To address some of these issues, the 17th Stanstead Seminar was convened at Bishop`s University in Lennoxville, Quebec. The purpose of the Seminar was to promote discussion of the role of large-scale extratropical dynamics in global climate change. Abstracts of the talks are included in this volume. On the basis of these talks, several key issues emerged concerning large-scale extratropical dynamics and their climatic role. Individual records are indexed separately for the database.
Fixed Low-Order Controller Design and H Optimization for Large-Scale
Overton, Michael L.
fuel cell system (Wang and Fixed Low-Order Controller Design and H Optimization for Large-Scale Dynamical Systems Tim Mitchell maximizer of the associated transfer function. Our controller design code uses nonsmooth optimization
Metal Catalyzed sp2 Bonded Carbon - Large-scale Graphene Synthesis...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Metal Catalyzed sp2 Bonded Carbon - Large-scale Graphene Synthesis and Beyond December 1, 2009 at 3pm36-428 Peter Sutter Center for Functional Nanomaterials sutter abstract:...
Lundstrom, L.
No.2 LARGE SCALE PERMEABILITY TEST OF THE GRANITE' IN THEMINE AND, THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY TEST Lars Lundstrom and HakanSUMMARY REPORT Background TEST SITE Layout of test places
Modeling and Analysis of Large-Scale On-Chip InterconnectsĀ
Feng, Zhuo
dimensional process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations demand much more modeling and analysis efforts than ever before, while the analysis of large scale on-chip interconnects that requires solving tens of millions of unknowns imposes great challenges...
Partition-of-unity finite-element method for large scale quantum...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
can be investigated by such accurate, quantum mechanical means. The current state of the art for large-scale quantum simulations is the planewave (PW) method, as implemented in now...
Potential Climatic Impacts and Reliability of Very Large-Scale Wind Farms
Wang, Chien
Meeting future world energy needs while addressing climate change requires large-scale deployment of low or zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission technologies such as wind energy. The widespread availability of wind power has ...
Programmable window : a large-scale transparent electronic display using SPD film
Ramos, Martin (Ramos Rizo-Patron)
This research demonstrates that Suspended Particle Device (SPD) film is a viable option for the development of large-scale transparent display systems. The thesis analyzes the SPD film from an architectural display application ...
Large-Scale CAD Model Visualization on a Scalable Shared-Memory Architecture
Wald, Ingo
Boeing 777 air- liner. 1 Introduction Computer Aided Design (CAD) has practically be- come ubiquitous in large-scale manufacturing are potential overlaps of assembly parts, as well as the difficulty in prop
Large-Scale Simulation of Neural Networks with Biophysically Accurate Models on Graphics ProcessorsĀ
Wang, Mingchao
Efficient simulation of large-scale mammalian brain models provides a crucial computational means for understanding complex brain functions and neuronal dynamics. However, such tasks are hindered by significant computational complexities...
Statistical and Directable Methods for Large-Scale Rigid Body SimulationĀ
Hsu, Shu-Wei
This dissertation describes several techniques to improve performance and controllability of large-scale rigid body simulations. We first describe a statistical simulation method that replaces certain stages of rigid body simulation with a...
Model-constrained optimization methods for reduction of parameterized large-scale systems
Bui-Thanh, Tan
Most model reduction techniques employ a projection framework that utilizes a reduced-space basis. The basis is usually formed as the span of a set of solutions of the large-scale system, which are computed for selected ...
Model-Constrained Optimization Methods for Reduction of Parameterized Large-Scale Systems
Tan, Bui-Thanh
Most model reduction techniques employ a projection framework that utilizes a reduced-space basis. The basis is usually formed as the span of a set of solutions of the large-scale system, which are computed for selected ...
Membraneless hydrogen bromine laminar flow battery for large-scale energy storage
Braff, William Allan
Electrochemical energy storage systems have been considered for a range of potential large-scale energy storage applications. These applications vary widely, both in the order of magnitude of energy storage that is required ...
Large Scale Performance Measurement of Content-Based Automated Image-Orientation Detection
Tomkins, Andrew
Large Scale Performance Measurement of Content-Based Automated Image-Orientation Detection Abstract (sepia toned), contains reflections in water, and contains few markers. Row 4: If deeper information
Fast kernel spectral clustering based on incomplete Cholesky factorization for large scale data analysis
Arenberg 10, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium Abstract A fast spectral clustering algorithm, suitable for large scale┤ak) #12;1. Introduction1 Clustering algorithms comprise unsupervised, explanatory data mining tech-2
Colonius, Tim
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 ABSTRACT We develop a reduced order model for large-scale unsteadiness mass injection can pinch off vortices with a smaller size; accordingly, their convective velocity
Comparison of the effects in the rock mass of large-scale chemical...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Comparison of the effects in the rock mass of large-scale chemical and nuclear explosions. Final technical report, June 9, 1994--October 9, 1994 Citation Details In-Document Search...
Efficient Nonlinear Optimization with Rigorous Models for Large Scale Industrial Chemical ProcessesĀ
Zhu, Yu
of Department, Michael Pishko May 2011 Major Subject: Chemical Engineering iii ABSTRACT Efficient Nonlinear Optimization with Rigorous Models for Large Scale Industrial Chemical Processes. (May 2011) Yu Zhu, B.S., Zhejiang University; M.S., Zhejiang... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 A. Nonlinear Optimization with Rigorous Large Scale Models 1 B. Chemical Applications of Nonlinear Optimization . . . . . 2 1. Design under Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Optimal Operations with Steady State Models . . . . 4...
Large-Scale Software Unit Testing on the Grid Yaohang Li, 2
Li, Yaohang
Large-Scale Software Unit Testing on the Grid 1 Yaohang Li, 2 Tao Dong, 3 Xinyu Zhang, 4 Yongduan-scale and cost-efficient computational grid resources as a software testing test bed to support automated software unit test in a complicated system. Within this test framework, a dynamic bag-of-tasks model
Distinct large-scale turbulent-laminar states in transitional pipe flow
Barkley, Dwight
) When fluid flows through a channel, pipe, or duct, there are two basic forms of motion: smooth laminarDistinct large-scale turbulent-laminar states in transitional pipe flow David Moxey1 and Dwight alternat- ing turbulent-laminar flow states on long length scales in subcri- tical shear flows (12
Environmental impacts of large-scale grid-connected ground-mounted PV installations
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
Environmental impacts of large-scale grid-connected ground-mounted PV installations Antoine Beylota-scale ground-mounted PV installations by considering a life-cycle approach. The methodology is based. Mobile PV installations with dual-axis trackers show the largest impact potential on ecosystem quality
Lin, C.-Y. Cynthia
counter-intuitive dynamic: high energy prices can discourage wide scale adoption of alternative fueled 1 A NEW APPROACH TO MODELING LARGE-SCALE ALTERNATIVE FUEL AND VEHICLE TRANSITIONS by Joel to alternative fuels and vehicles will be challenging. New modeling approaches are necessary to supplement
Domain Controlled Architecture A New Approach for Large Scale Software Integrated Automotive Systems
K³hnhauser, Winfried
Domain Controlled Architecture A New Approach for Large Scale Software Integrated Automotive Scale Software Integration, LSSI, Automotive Real Time, Multi-core, Many-core, Embedded Automo- tive mobility domain. The automotive in- dustry is confronted with a rising system complexity and several
Nuclear EMP simulation for large-scale urban environments. FDTD for electrically large problems.
Smith, William S.; Bull, Jeffrey S.; Wilcox, Trevor; Bos, Randall J.; Shao, Xuan-Min; Goorley, John T.; Costigan, Keeley R.
In case of a terrorist nuclear attack in a metropolitan area, EMP measurement could provide: (1) a prompt confirmation of the nature of the explosion (chemical or nuclear) for emergency response; and (2) and characterization parameters of the device (reaction history, yield) for technical forensics. However, urban environment could affect the fidelity of the prompt EMP measurement (as well as all other types of prompt measurement): (1) Nuclear EMP wavefront would no longer be coherent, due to incoherent production, attenuation, and propagation of gamma and electrons; and (2) EMP propagation from source region outward would undergo complicated transmission, reflection, and diffraction processes. EMP simulation for electrically-large urban environment: (1) Coupled MCNP/FDTD (Finite-difference time domain Maxwell solver) approach; and (2) FDTD tends to be limited to problems that are not 'too' large compared to the wavelengths of interest because of numerical dispersion and anisotropy. We use a higher-order low-dispersion, isotropic FDTD algorithm for EMP propagation.
Architecture for a large-scale ion-trap quantum computer
Monroe, Christopher
Architecture for a large-scale ion-trap quantum computer D. Kielpinski*, C. Monroe & D. J. Wineland ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Among the numerous types of architecture being explored for quantum computers are systems utilizing ion proposed a `quantum charge-coupled device' (QCCD) architecture consisting of a large number
Copyright 2014 IEEE. Reprinted, with permission from: CERTS Microgrid Demonstration With Large-Scale Energy
Copyright ® 2014 IEEE. Reprinted, with permission from: CERTS Microgrid Demonstration With Large GRID, VOL. 5, NO. 2, MARCH 2014 937 CERTS Microgrid Demonstration With Large-Scale Energy Storage (CERTS) Microgrid concept captures the emerging po- tential of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) using
Development of Large Scale High Performance Applications with a Parallelizing Compiler
Vlad, Gregorio
Development of Large Scale High Performance Applications with a Parallelizing Compiler B. DI parallel computations, and lack of robustness of parallelizing HPF compilers in handling large sized codes directives, into explicitly parallel code, by means of parallelizing compilers. This method is not only
PARAFAC algorithms for large-scale problems Anh Huy Phan a,, Andrzej Cichocki b
Cichocki, Andrzej
PARAFAC algorithms for large-scale problems Anh Huy Phan a,├, Andrzej Cichocki b a Lab for Advanced a multidimensional data. Most of the existing algorithms for the PARAFAC, especially the alternating least squares (ALS) algorithm need to compute KhatriŁRao products of tall factors and multiplication of large
Application and Mode Establishment of Asset-backed Securitization in Existing Large-scale Public Building Retrofit Financing in ChinaĀ
Sun, J.; Wu, Y.; Dai, Z.; Hao, Y.
to reconstruct existing large-scale public buildings for large-scale public buildings having the characteristics of high-energy consumption and low-energy efficiency. Existing building retrofit is a system engineering involving technology, policy and management...
Large-Scale Renewable Energy Guide: Developing Renewable Energy Projects Larger Than 10 MWs at Federal Facilities
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The Large-Scale Renewable Energy Guide: Developing Renewable Energy Projects Larger Than 10 MWs at Federal Facilities provides best practices and other helpful guidance for federal agencies developing large-scale renewable energy projects.
Simultaneous effect of modified gravity and primordial non-Gaussianity in large scale structure observations
Mirzatuny, Nareg; Khosravi, Shahram; Baghram, Shant; Moshafi, Hossein E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com E-mail: email@example.com
In this work we study the simultaneous effect of primordial non-Gaussianity and the modification of the gravity in f(R) framework on large scale structure observations. We show that non-Gaussianity and modified gravity introduce a scale dependent bias and growth rate functions. The deviation from ?CDM in the case of primordial non-Gaussian models is in large scales, while the growth rate deviates from ?CDM in small scales for modified gravity theories. We show that the redshift space distortion can be used to distinguish positive and negative f{sub NL} in standard background, while in f(R) theories they are not easily distinguishable. The galaxy power spectrum is generally enhanced in presence of non-Gaussianity and modified gravity. We also obtain the scale dependence of this enhancement. Finally we define galaxy growth rate and galaxy growth rate bias as new observational parameters to constrain cosmology.
Measuring and tuning energy efficiency on large scale high performance computing platforms.
Laros, James H., III
Recognition of the importance of power in the field of High Performance Computing, whether it be as an obstacle, expense or design consideration, has never been greater and more pervasive. While research has been conducted on many related aspects, there is a stark absence of work focused on large scale High Performance Computing. Part of the reason is the lack of measurement capability currently available on small or large platforms. Typically, research is conducted using coarse methods of measurement such as inserting a power meter between the power source and the platform, or fine grained measurements using custom instrumented boards (with obvious limitations in scale). To collect the measurements necessary to analyze real scientific computing applications at large scale, an in-situ measurement capability must exist on a large scale capability class platform. In response to this challenge, we exploit the unique power measurement capabilities of the Cray XT architecture to gain an understanding of power use and the effects of tuning. We apply these capabilities at the operating system level by deterministically halting cores when idle. At the application level, we gain an understanding of the power requirements of a range of important DOE/NNSA production scientific computing applications running at large scale (thousands of nodes), while simultaneously collecting current and voltage measurements on the hosting nodes. We examine the effects of both CPU and network bandwidth tuning and demonstrate energy savings opportunities of up to 39% with little or no impact on run-time performance. Capturing scale effects in our experimental results was key. Our results provide strong evidence that next generation large-scale platforms should not only approach CPU frequency scaling differently, but could also benefit from the capability to tune other platform components, such as the network, to achieve energy efficient performance.
Constraining ultra large-scale cosmology with multiple tracers in optical and radio surveys
Alonso, David
Multiple tracers of the cosmic density field, with different bias, number and luminosity evolution, can be used to measure the large-scale properties of the Universe. We show how an optimal combination of tracers can be used to detect general-relativistic effects in the observed density of sources. We forecast for the detectability of these effects, as well as measurements of primordial non-Gaussianity and large-scale lensing magnification with current and upcoming large-scale structure experiments. In particular we quantify the significance of these detections in the short term with experiments such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES), and in the long term with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We review the main observational challenges that must be overcome to carry out these measurements.
A Minimal Model for Large-scale Epitaxial Growth Kinetics of Graphene
Jiang, Huijun
Epitaxial growth via chemical vapor deposition is considered to be the most promising way towards synthesizing large area graphene with high quality. However, it remains a big theoretical challenge to reveal growth kinetics with atomically energetic and large-scale spatial information included. Here, we propose a minimal kinetic Monte Carlo model to address such an issue on an active catalyst surface with graphene/substrate lattice mismatch, which facilitates us to perform large scale simulations of the growth kinetics over two dimensional surface with growth fronts of complex shapes. A geometry-determined large-scale growth mechanism is revealed, where the rate-dominating event is found to be $C_{1}$-attachment for concave growth front segments and $C_{5}$-attachment for others. This growth mechanism leads to an interesting time-resolved growth behavior which is well consistent with that observed in a recent scanning tunneling microscopy experiment.
A Systematic Approach to the Design of a Large Scale Detritiation System for Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion Experiments
A Systematic Approach to the Design of a Large Scale Detritiation System for Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion Experiments
A membrane-free lithium/polysulfide semi-liquid battery for large-scale energy storage
Cui, Yi
A membrane-free lithium/polysulfide semi-liquid battery for large-scale energy storage Yuan Yang,a Guangyuan Zhengb and Yi Cui*ac Large-scale energy storage represents a key challenge for renewable energy develop a new lithium/ polysulfide (Li/PS) semi-liquid battery for large-scale energy storage
Large-scale eddies and their role in entrainment in turbulent jets and wakes Jimmy Philip and Ivan Marusic
Marusic, Ivan
Large-scale eddies and their role in entrainment in turbulent jets and wakes Jimmy Philip and Ivan. Fluids 24, 086101 (2012) The influence of large-scale structures on entrainment in a decelerating://pof.aip.org/about/rights_and_permissions #12;PHYSICS OF FLUIDS 24, 055108 (2012) Large-scale eddies and their role in entrainment in turbulent
Frozen-in Fractals All Around: Inferring the Large Scale Effects of Small-Scale Magnetic Structure
McAteer, R T James
The large-scale structure of the magnetic field in the solar corona provides the energy to power large-scale solar eruptive events. Our physical understanding of this structure, and hence our ability to predict these events, is limited by the type of data currently available. It is shown that the multifractal spectrum is a powerful tool to study this structure, by providing a physical connection between the details of photospheric magnetic gradients and current density at all size scales. This uses concepts associated with geometric measure theory and the theory of weakly differentiable functions to compare Amp\\`{e}re's law to the wavelet-transform modulus maximum method. The H\\"{o}lder exponent provides a direct measure of the rate of change of current density across spatial size scales. As this measure is independent of many features of the data (pixel resolution, data size, data type, presence of quiet-Sun data), it provides a unique approach to studying magnetic-field complexity and hence a potentially po...
Magnetic Fields and Large Scale Structure in a hot Universe. I. General Equations
E. Battaner; E. Florido; J. Jimenez-Vicente
We consider that no mean magnetic field exists during this epoch, but that there is a mean magnetic energy associated with large-scale magnetic inhomogeneities. We study the evolution of these inhomogeneities and their influence on the large scale density structure, by introducing linear perturbations in Maxwell equations, the conservation of momentum-energy equation, and in Einstein field equations. The primordial magnetic field structure is time independent in the linear approximation, only being diluted by the general expansion, so that $\\vec{B}R^2$ is conserved in comoving coordinates. Magnetic fields have a strong influence on the formation of large-scale structure. Firstly, relatively low fields are able to generate density structures even if they were inexistent at earlier times. Second, magnetic fields act anisotropically more recently, modifying the evolution of individual density clouds. Magnetic flux tubes have a tendency to concentrate photons in filamentary patterns.
What Will the Neighbors Think? Building Large-Scale Science Projects Around the World
Jones, Craig; Mrotzek, Christian; Toge, Nobu; Sarno, Doug
Public participation is an essential ingredient for turning the International Linear Collider into a reality. Wherever the proposed particle accelerator is sited in the world, its neighbors -- in any country -- will have something to say about hosting a 35-kilometer-long collider in their backyards. When it comes to building large-scale physics projects, almost every laboratory has a story to tell. Three case studies from Japan, Germany and the US will be presented to examine how community relations are handled in different parts of the world. How do particle physics laboratories interact with their local communities? How do neighbors react to building large-scale projects in each region? How can the lessons learned from past experiences help in building the next big project? These and other questions will be discussed to engage the audience in an active dialogue about how a large-scale project like the ILC can be a good neighbor.
Copy of Using Emulation and Simulation to Understand the Large-Scale Behavior of the Internet.
Adalsteinsson, Helgi; Armstrong, Robert C.; Chiang, Ken; Gentile, Ann C.; Lloyd, Levi; Minnich, Ronald G.; Vanderveen, Keith; Van Randwyk, Jamie A; Rudish, Don W.
We report on the work done in the late-start LDRDUsing Emulation and Simulation toUnderstand the Large-Scale Behavior of the Internet. We describe the creation of a researchplatform that emulates many thousands of machines to be used for the study of large-scale inter-net behavior. We describe a proof-of-concept simple attack we performed in this environment.We describe the successful capture of a Storm bot and, from the study of the bot and furtherliterature search, establish large-scale aspects we seek to understand via emulation of Storm onour research platform in possible follow-on work. Finally, we discuss possible future work.3
Towards a model of large scale dynamics in transitional wall-bounded flows
Manneville, Paul
A system of simplified equations is proposed to govern the feedback interactions of large-scale flows present in laminar-turbulent patterns of transitional wall-bounded flows, with small-scale Reynolds stresses generated by the self-sustainment process of turbulence itself modeled using an extension of Waleffe's approach (Phys. Fluids 9 (1997) 883-900), the detailed expression of which is displayed as an annex to the main text.
Large-Angular-Scale Clustering as a Clue to the Source of UHECRs
Andreas A. Berlind; Glennys R. Farrar
We show that future Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray samples should be able to distinguish whether the sources of UHECRs are hosted by galaxy clusters or ordinary galaxies, or whether the sources are uncorrelated with the large-scale structure of the universe. Moreover, this is true independently of arrival direction uncertainty due to magnetic deflection or measurement error. The reason for this is the simple property that the strength of large-scale clustering for extragalactic sources depends on their mass, with more massive objects, such as galaxy clusters, clustering more strongly than lower mass objects, such as ordinary galaxies.
Large scale magnetic field of the Milky Way from WMAP3 data
Ronnie Jansson; Glennys R. Farrar; Andre Waelkens; Torsten A. Ensslin
We report on initial results from a project to constrain the large-scale and turbulent magnetic fields of the Milky Way galaxy, which eventually will incorporate all of the relevant observational data. In this paper we fit popular large scale magnetic field models to WMAP3 polarization maps. We find that the polarization data can constrain certain model parameters but does not uniquely determine the best-fit parameters. We also find that the polarization data alone cannot distinguish between model symmetries, e.g., the existence of field reversals. We show how future UHECR data can break this degeneracy.
Large scale magnetic fields and coherent structures in nonuniform unmagnetized plasma
Jucker, Martin; Andrushchenko, Zhanna N.; Pavlenko, Vladimir P.
The properties of streamers and zonal magnetic structures in magnetic electron drift mode turbulence are investigated. The stability of such large scale structures is investigated in the kinetic and the hydrodynamic regime, for which an instability criterion similar to the Lighthill criterion for modulational instability is found. Furthermore, these large scale flows can undergo further nonlinear evolution after initial linear growth, which can lead to the formation of long-lived coherent structures consisting of self-bound wave packets between the surfaces of two different flow velocities with an expected modification of the anomalous electron transport properties.
Coverage and large scale anisotropies estimation methods for the Pierre Auger Observatory
Hamilton, Jean-Christophe; /Paris, IN2P3
When searching for anisotropies in the arrival directions of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, one must estimate the number of events expected in each direction of the sky in the case of a perfect isotropy. We present in this article a new method, developed for the Auger Observatory, based on a smooth estimate of the zenith angle distribution obtained from the data itself (which is essentially unchanged in the case of the presence of a large scale anisotropy pattern). We also study the sensitivity of several methods to detect large-scale anisotropies in the cosmic ray arrival direction distribution : Rayleigh analysis, dipole fitting and angular power spectrum estimation.
Two-scale large deviations for chemical reaction kinetics through second quantization path integral
Tiejun Li; Feng Lin
Motivated by the study of the rare event for a typical genetic switching model in systems biology, we aim to establish the general two-scale large deviations for chemical reaction kinetic systems in this paper. We build a formal approach to explicitly obtain the large deviation rate functionals of the considered two-scale processes based upon the second-quantization path integral technique. This approach is shown to be superior than the well-known WKB asymptotics in giving the correct large deviation rate functionals rather than a non-unique Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the quasi-potential. We get three important types of large deviation results when the underlying two times scales are in three different regimes. This is realized by singular perturbation analysis to the rate functionals obtained by path integral. We find that the three regimes correspond to the same mean-field deterministic limit but completely different chemical Langevin approximations. The obtained results are natural extensions of the classical large volume limit in chemical reaction kinetics. Our framework and results can be applied to understand general multi-scale systems including diffusion processes.
Page Digest for Large-Scale Web Services Daniel Rocco, David Buttler, Ling Liu
Liu, Ling
Page Digest for Large-Scale Web Services Daniel Rocco, David Buttler, Ling Liu Georgia Institute, 2003 Abstract The rapid growth of the World Wide Web and the Internet has fueled interest in Web services and the Semantic Web, which are quickly becoming important parts of modern electronic commerce
A fast, large-scale learning method for protein sequence classification
Pavlovic, Vladimir
A fast, large-scale learning method for protein sequence classification Pavel Kuksa, Pai-Hsi Huang spatial sample kernels (SSSK). The approach offers state-of-the-art accuracy for sequence classification]: Applications; I.5.2. [Pattern Recognition]: De- corresponding author Permission to make digital or hard copies
YouTubeEvent: on Large-Scale Video Event Classification Bingbing Ni
Cortes, Corinna
YouTubeEvent: on Large-Scale Video Event Classification Bingbing Ni Advanced Digital Sciences the problem of general event classification from uncontrolled YouTube videos. It is a challenging task due from YouTube to represent these categories. To improve classification per- formance, video content
Day-Ahead and Real-Time Models for Large-Scale Energy Storage
Engineering Research Center Empowering Minds to Engineer the Future Electric Energy System #12;DayDay-Ahead and Real-Time Models for Large-Scale Energy Storage Final Project Report Power Systems of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering P.O. BOX 875706 Tempe, AZ 85287-5706 Phone: 480 965-1276 Fax
Aalborg Universitet Impact of Wind Shear and Tower Shadow Effects on Power System with Large Scale
Hu, Weihao
@et.aau.dk, email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Ł Grid connected wind turbines are fluctuating power sources due and the power flow situation of the original power system especially when the integration of wind powerAalborg Universitet Impact of Wind Shear and Tower Shadow Effects on Power System with Large Scale
Analysis of Large-Scale Social Surveys1 Elaine Zanutto2
Gelman, Andrew
Large-scale social surveys are an important source of information for a wide range of topics an inexpensive and easily accessible source of information on a wide range of topics including education, health, economics, demography, politics, and criminal justice. These surveys may serve as a primary data source
Funding for Large-Scale Sustainable Energy Projects Combining Expert Opinions to Support Decisions
Mountziaris, T. J.
Funding for Large-Scale Sustainable Energy Projects Combining Expert Opinions to Support Decisions technologies: solar, carbon capture, nuclear, biofuels, and electricity from biomass. The challenge a probability distribution over outcomes dependent on R&D funding amounts. This probability distribution
A Large-scale Study on Predicting and Contextualizing Building Energy Usage J. Zico Kolter
Kolter, J. Zico
Joseph Ferreira Jr. Department of Urban Studies and Planning Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyA Large-scale Study on Predicting and Contextualizing Building Energy Usage J. Zico Kolter Computer Cambridge, MA 02139 Abstract In this paper we present a data-driven approach to mod- eling end user energy
Large-Scale Fabrication, 3D Tomography, and Lithium-Ion Battery Application of Porous Silicon
Zhou, Chongwu
Large-Scale Fabrication, 3D Tomography, and Lithium-Ion Battery Application of Porous Silicon, United States *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Recently, silicon-based lithium-ion battery anodes have for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries with enhanced capacity and energy density. KEYWORDS: Cost
Solving Large Scale Binary Quadratic Problems: Spectral Methods vs. Semidefinite Programming
Lunds Universitet
with good performance. 1 1. Introduction Spectral relaxation methods can be applied to a wide variety]. In partic- ular, large scale problems that can be formulated with a binary quadratic objective function. The two methods are based on a sub- gradient optimization scheme. We show good performance on a number
Simulation-based optimization of communication protocols for large-scale wireless sensor networks1
Mar¾ti, Mikl¾s
everyday life more comfortable, e.g. Intelligent Spaces [3]. These sensor networks often use distributed of the wireless sensors may vary greatly, but invariably each of the intelligent sensors is a compact device1 Simulation-based optimization of communication protocols for large-scale wireless sensor networks
Energy Policy 34 (2006) 395410 The economics of large-scale wind power in a carbon
Barlaz, Morton A.
Energy Policy 34 (2006) 395Ł410 The economics of large-scale wind power in a carbon constrained to supplement variable wind power output to meet a time-varying load. We find that, with somewhat optimistic cost of delivered wind power. Due to residual CO2 emissions, compressed air storage is surprisingly
Large-scale simulations of fluctuating biological membranes Andrea Pasqua,1,a
Oster, George
in their computational demands, these approaches are still limited in the scope of fluctuations and response they can's response to a prodding nanorod. ® 2010 American Institute of Physics. doi:10.1063/1.3382349 I. INTRODUCTION feasibly capture. Extending computer simulations to examine large scale behaviors such as aggregation
A Climatology of Tropical Anvil and Its Relationship to the Large-Scale CirculationĀ
Li, Wei
of anvil formation, and to provide a more realistic assessment of the radiative impact of tropical anvil on the large-scale circulation. Based on 10 years (1998-2007) of observations, anvil observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM...
Oren, Shmuel S.
A COMBINED VARIABLE METRIC - CONJUGATE GRADIENT ALGORITHM FOR A CLASS OF LARGE SCALE UNCONSTRAINED, California Abstract An algorithm is being presented for a special class of unconstrained minimization that is updated by the Rank One update, using gradients obtained in the preceeding steps. Two classes of problems
Fast Solver for Large Scale Eddy Current Non-Destructive Evaluation Problems
Fast Solver for Large Scale Eddy Current Non-Destructive Evaluation Problems Naiguang Lei Advisor: Lalita Udpa Thursday, July 31st, 2014 9:00-11:00am, EB2219 Abstract Eddy current testing plays a very, an alternating magnetic field source generates induced currents, called eddy currents, in an electrically
Assessing the Economic Impacts of Large Scale Environmental Regulations in California
Berck, Peter
Assessing the Economic Impacts of Large Scale Environmental Regulations in California By Peter Berck and H. Peter Hess Abstract California is a leader in the use of environmental regulation environmental) costs and benefits. The method of analysis is to use a computable general equilibrium model
A Scalable Mark-Sweep Garbage Collector on Large-Scale Shared-Memory Machines
A Scalable Mark-Sweep Garbage Collector on Large-Scale Shared-Memory Machines Toshio ENDO Kenjiro (Ultra SPARC compare&swap R10000 load- linked, store-conditional) 4 Sun Ultra Enterprise 10000 64 Ultra- erational garbage collector for a multithreaded imple- mentation of ML. In Proceedings of ACM SIGPLAN
Oksanen, Lauri
, the increased meat price and demand for furs lead to overhunting of wild reindeer, which in turn allowed-based sheep and cattle husbandry or large-scale reindeer nomadism, which now extended even to the marine populations of reindeer, sheep and cattle, and the use of wood as fuel by herdsmen, vast expanses of mountain
Self-consistency tests of large-scale dynamics parameterizations for single-column modeling
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Edman, Jacob P.; Romps, David M.
Large-scale dynamics parameterizations are tested numerically in cloud-resolving simulations, including a new version of the weak-pressure-gradient approximation (WPG) introduced by Edman and Romps (2014), the weak-temperature-gradient approximation (WTG), and a prior implementation of WPG. We perform a series of self-consistency tests with each large-scale dynamics parameterization, in which we compare the result of a cloud-resolving simulation coupled to WTG or WPG with an otherwise identical simulation with prescribed large-scale convergence. In self-consistency tests based on radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE; i.e., no large-scale convergence), we find that simulations either weakly coupled or strongly coupled to either WPG or WTG are self-consistent, butmoreĀ╗WPG-coupled simulations exhibit a nonmonotonic behavior as the strength of the coupling to WPG is varied. We also perform self-consistency tests based on observed forcings from two observational campaigns: the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) and the ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) Summer 1995 IOP. In these tests, we show that the new version of WPG improves upon prior versions of WPG by eliminating a potentially troublesome gravity-wave resonance.½Āless
Performance Enhancement with Speculative Execution Based Parallelism for Processing Large-scale XML-based
Govindaraju, Madhusudhan
@cs.binghamton.edu Grid Computing Research Laboratory Computer Science Department Binghamton University Binghamton, NY format for many distributed/grid ap- plications, with the size of these documents ranging from tens processing library for large-scale XML datasets. The parallelization approach is to build a DFA-based parser
"Biomaterials for Use in Large Scale Wind Turbine Blades" Malia Charter
Mountziaris, T. J.
"Biomaterials for Use in Large Scale Wind Turbine Blades" Malia Charter Advising: Rachel Koh, Dr into the feasibility of using biocomposites for wind turbine blades. While bast fiber composites are also being Peggi Clouston Wind energy is growing rapidly to address concerns of non-renewable energy resources. One
Linguistically Motivated Large-Scale NLP with C&C and Boxer James R. Curran
Curran, James R.
Linguistically Motivated Large-Scale NLP with C&C and Boxer James R. Curran School of Information- binatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) parser (Clark and Curran, 2004b). The parser not only recovers the local lexical categories with high accuracy and low ambiguity (Curran et al., 2006). The combination of finite
Linguistically Motivated LargeScale NLP with C&C and Boxer James R. Curran
Curran, James R.
Linguistically Motivated LargeŁScale NLP with C&C and Boxer James R. Curran School of InformationŁ binatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) parser (Clark and Curran, 2004b). The parser not only recovers the local lexical categories with high accuracy and low ambiguity (Curran et al., 2006). The combination of finite
Grossman, Robert
LARGE-SCALE LINKED DATA PROCESSING: CLOUD COMPUTING TO THE RESCUE? Michael Hausenblas1 , Robert. Cloud computing offerings such as SimpleDB or BigQuery, and cloud-enabled NoSQL systems including- specific requirements and review existing cloud computing offerings as well as NoSQL systems that may
the detection of failure sce- narios in distributed grid computing, cloud computing and other large scale performance deteriorates and fails. KEY WORDS grid computing, cloud computing, failure, spectral expan- sion systems such as computing grids and commercial cloud systems has made mass computing services available
Large-Scale Flow Response to the Breaking of Mountain Gravity Waves
Lott, Francois
Large-Scale Flow Response to the Breaking of Mountain Gravity Waves Franńois Lott, LMD, Ecole and synoptic impacts of mountain gravity waves breaking observations Some diagnostics tools Parameterization in weather prediction and climate models 3) Interaction between a front and an idealised mountain massive
Harnessing the Cloud for Securely Outsourcing Large-scale Systems of Linear Equations
Wang, Jia
1 Harnessing the Cloud for Securely Outsourcing Large-scale Systems of Linear Equations Cong Wang and cloud are not necessarily in the same trusted domain brings many security concerns and chal- lenges the quality of the computed results. Thus, we argue that the cloud is intrinsically not secure from
Large-Scale Oceanographic Constraints on the Distribution of Melting and Freezing under Ice Shelves
Gnanadesikan, Anand
Large-Scale Oceanographic Constraints on the Distribution of Melting and Freezing under Ice Shelves experience asymmetric melting and freezing. Topography may constrain oceanic circulation (and thus basal meltŁfreeze patterns) through its influence on the potential vorticity (PV) field. However, melting and freezing induce
Parallel Implementation of a Large-Scale 3-D Air Pollution Model
Ostromsky, Tzvetan
Parallel Implementation of a Large-Scale 3-D Air Pollution Model Tzvetan Ostromsky1 and Zahari-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, firstname.lastname@example.com; http://www.dmu.dk/AtmosphericEnvironment Abstract. Air pollution component of the environment, where the pollutants can be transported over very long distances. Therefore
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 1 Large-Scale Integration of Deferrable
Oren, Shmuel S.
. Index Terms--Load management, power generation scheduling, wind power generation. I. INTRODUCTION on power system operations it is necessary to represent the balancing oper- ations of the remaining gridIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 1 Large-Scale Integration of Deferrable Demand and Renewable
Parameter identification in large-scale models for oil and gas production
Van den Hof, Paul
Parameter identification in large-scale models for oil and gas production Jorn F.M. Van Doren: Models used for model-based (long-term) operations as monitoring, control and optimization of oil and gas information to the identification problem. These options are illustrated with examples taken from oil and gas
Effects of large-scale distribution of wind energy in and around Europe
Effects of large-scale distribution of wind energy in and around Europe Gregor Giebel Niels Gylling Mortensen Ris° National Laboratory Gregor Czisch ISET #12;Outline Ę How to achieve high penetrations of wind energy in Europe? Ę Distribution of wind energy all over Europe leads to smoothing of the wind power
The Association of Large-Scale Climate Variability and Teleconnections on Wind Energy Resource
The Association of Large-Scale Climate Variability and Teleconnections on Wind Energy Resource over on Wind Energy Resource over Europe and its Intermittency Pascal Kriesche* and Adam Schlosser* Abstract In times of increasing importance of wind power in the world's energy mix, this study focuses on a better
Combining Multiple, Large-Scale Resources in a Reusable Lexicon for Natural Language Generation
Combining Multiple, Large-Scale Resources in a Reusable Lexicon for Natural Language Generation for different generation applications. In this paper, we describe our work to build such a lexicon by combining transforma- tion and integration of resources is required to reuse them for generation. We also applied
Combining Multiple, LargeScale Resources in a Reusable Lexicon for Natural Language Generation
Schiffman, Barry
Combining Multiple, LargeŁScale Resources in a Reusable Lexicon for Natural Language Generation#erent generation applications. In this paper, we describe our work to build such a lexicon by combining multiple and integration of resources is required to reuse them for generation. We also applied the lexicon to the lexical
Energy Efficiency for Large-Scale MapReduce Workloads with Significant Interactive Analysis
California at Irvine, University of
Energy Efficiency for Large-Scale MapReduce Workloads with Significant Interactive Analysis Yanpei make energy efficiency a critical concern. Prior works on MapReduce energy efficiency have not yet con to achieve for MIA workloads. These concerns lead us to develop BEEMR (Berkeley Energy Efficient Map
Control and data channels allocation for Large-Scale UWB-based WSNs
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
- nications (GSM) [3]. In GSM networks, channel allocation is a function of network sizing (taking in accountControl and data channels allocation for Large-Scale UWB-based WSNs Jamila Ben Slimane, Ye: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, email@example.com Abstract--Resource allocation is a critical
An Efficient Method for Large-Scale Slack Allocation Siddharth Joshi Stephen Boyd
]. For slack allocation problems with other utility objective functions, see [SKT97, YCS02]. A timing graph canAn Efficient Method for Large-Scale Slack Allocation Siddharth Joshi Stephen Boyd May 20, 2008; to choose one we maximize a separable concave utility function, such as the sum of the logarithms
Identification of Market Power in Large-Scale Electric Energy Markets Bernard C. Lesieutre
Identification of Market Power in Large-Scale Electric Energy Markets Bernard C. Lesieutre Hyung and competitive operation of centrally- dispatched electricity markets. Traditional measures for market power demand and reserve requirements, a centrally-dispatched electricity market provides a transparent
Microfluidic very large scale integration (mVLSI) with integrated micromechanical valves{
Quake, Stephen R.
Microfluidic very large scale integration (mVLSI) with integrated micromechanical valves{ Ismail40258k Microfluidic chips with a high density of control elements are required to improve device and accessible high-density microfluidic chips, we have fabricated a monolithic PDMS valve architecture
Large-Scale Patent Classification with Min-Max Modular Support Vector Machines
Lu, Bao-Liang
Large-Scale Patent Classification with Min-Max Modular Support Vector Machines Xiao-Lei Chu, Chao Ma, Jing Li, Bao-Liang Lu Senior Member, IEEE, Masao Utiyama, and Hitoshi Isahara Abstract-- Patent-world patent classification typically exceeds one million, and this number increases every year. An effective
Comparative Analysis of Balanced Winnow and SVM in Large Scale Patent Categorization
Steels, Luc
Comparative Analysis of Balanced Winnow and SVM in Large Scale Patent Categorization Katrien Beuls techniques, a collection of 1.2 million patent applications is used to build a classifier that is able). Contrary to SVM, Balanced Winnow is frequently applied in today's patent categorization systems. Results
The SAL Interpreter for Large-Scale Optimization in Distributed Control Systems
Bailey-Kellogg, Chris
The SAL Interpreter for Large-Scale Optimization in Distributed Control Systems Christopher Bailey sensor-rich control systems interact with spa- tially distributed physical environments. This paper interpretation and control tasks for distributed physical systems. SAL provides a set of powerful, abstract com
Investigating Quality in Large-Scale Open Source Software Uzma Raja, Evelyn Barry
Scacchi, Walt
43 Investigating Quality in Large-Scale Open Source Software Uzma Raja, Evelyn Barry Texas A and understand these projects. Software quality is an important characteristic effecting overall system lifecycle cost, performance and useful life. The existing models for software quality are based on empirical
A Large-scale Benchmark Study of Existing Algorithms for Taxonomy-Independent
Slatton, Clint
A Large-scale Benchmark Study of Existing Algorithms for Taxonomy-Independent Microbial Community sequencing technology have created new op- portunities to probe the hidden world of microbes. Taxonomy: pyrosequencing, 16S rRNA, taxonomy independent analysis, massive data, clustering, microbial diversity estimation
Imprinted large-scale high density polymer nanopillars for organic solar cells
Gao, Jinming
Imprinted large-scale high density polymer nanopillars for organic solar cells Mukti Aryal used to make bulk heterojunction solar cells by depositing PCBM on top of the pillars. Imprinting provides a way to precisely control the interdigitized heterojunction morphology, leading to improved solar
Computational Strategies for Large-Scale MILP Transshipment Models for Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis
Grossmann, Ignacio E.
1 Computational Strategies for Large-Scale MILP Transshipment Models for Heat Exchanger Network Determining the minimum number of units is an important step in heat exchanger network synthesis (HENS Words heat exchanger network synthesis (HENS), transshipment model, mixed-integer linear programming
Deep-Sea Research II 52 (2005) 26982714 Mechanisms regulating large-scale seasonal fluctuations in
McGillicuddy Jr., Dennis J.
Deep-Sea Research II 52 (2005) 2698Ł2714 Mechanisms regulating large-scale seasonal fluctuations Hole, MA 02543, USA b Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA c School by ocean currents. Third, the organism is capable of directed motion through the water by virtue of its
MAP-Inference on Large Scale Higher-Order Discrete Graphical Models by Fusion Moves
Schn÷rr, Christoph
MAP-Inference on Large Scale Higher-Order Discrete Graphical Models by Fusion Moves J©org Hendrik reconsider the work of Lempitsky et al. 2010 on fusion moves and apply it to general discrete graphical models. We propose two alternatives for calculating fusion moves that outperform the standard in several
Analytics over Large-Scale Multidimensional Data: The Big Data Revolution!
Song, Il-Yeol
Analytics over Large-Scale Multidimensional Data: The Big Data Revolution! Alfredo Cuzzocrea ICAR in the field of analytics over big data, and we extend the discussion to analytics over big multidimensional, Management, Performance, Theory Keywords Analytics over Big Data, Analytics over Big Multidimensional Data
1. INTRODUCTION The large-scale production of single-walled nanotubes
Resasco, Daniel
is a synthesis method that could be amenable to the development of continuous processes under relatively mild1. INTRODUCTION The large-scale production of single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) at low cost is a goal operating conditions and therefore lower costs than those of the current production methods.1 However
A Unique Large-Scale, Multidirectional Basin for Collaborative Tsunami and Coastal Research
Pancake, Cherri M.
-wave runup behavior is critical if we are to develop appropriate warning systems and evacuation strategiesA Unique Large-Scale, Multidirectional Basin for Collaborative Tsunami and Coastal Research Solomon a unique laboratory for the tsunami and coastal engineering communities. Under the Network for Earthquake
An Empirical Relation Between The Large-Scale Magnetic Field And The Dynamical Mass In Galaxies
Tabatabaei, F S; Knapen, J H; Beckman, J E; Koribalski, B; Elmegreen, B G
The origin and evolution of cosmic magnetic fields as well as the influence of the magnetic fields on the evolution of galaxies are unknown. Though not without challenges, the dynamo theory can explain the large-scale coherent magnetic fields which govern galaxies, but observational evidence for the theory is so far very scarce. Putting together the available data of non-interacting, non-cluster galaxies with known large-scale magnetic fields, we find a tight correlation between the integrated polarized flux density and the rotation speed, v(rot), of galaxies. This leads to an almost linear correlation between the large-scale magnetic field B and v(rot), assuming that the number of cosmic ray electrons is proportional to the star formation rate. This correlation cannot be attributed to an active linear dynamo processes, as no correlation holds with shear or angular speed. It indicates instead a coupling between the large-scale magnetic field and the dynamical mass of the galaxies, B~M(dyn)^{0.2-0.3}. Hence, f...
Polymeric Electro-optic Modulators: From Chromophore Design to Integration with Semiconductor Very Large Scale Integration
Polymeric Electro-optic Modulators: From Chromophore Design to Integration with Semiconductor Very Large Scale Integration Electronics and Silica Fiber Optics L. Dalton, A. Harper, A. Ren, F. Wang, G California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661 Chromophores with optimized second-order optical nonlinearity
1 BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT AND LARGE-SCALE LAND DEALS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA GIORGIA GIOVANNETTI email@example.com ELISA TICCI University of Siena, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Africa's biofuel potential over the last ten specifications. Key words: biofuels, land acquisitions, Poisson regression, Africa. JEL Codes: O13, F21, N57, Q24
Reduction of Ion Heating During Magnetic Reconnection by Large-Scale Effective C. C. Haggerty,
Shay, Michael
Reduction of Ion Heating During Magnetic Reconnection by Large-Scale Effective Potentials C. C heating due to magnetic reconnection is an important process with applications to diverse plasmas, but previous simulations and observations have measured heating less than half of theo- retical predictions
Design Considerations for a Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Network for Substation Monitoring
Nasipuri, Asis
effective monitoring applications for the substation using low-cost wireless sensor nodes that can sustainDesign Considerations for a Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Network for Substation Monitoring Asis University City Blvd. Charlotte, NC 28223 Luke Van der Zel and Bienvenido Rodriguez Substations Group EPRI
Design of a large-scale vertical open-structure cylindrical shield employing magnetic shaking
Paperno, Eugene
Design of a large-scale vertical open-structure cylindrical shield employing magnetic shaking and Materials, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga-Shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan The shield developed in length, consist of 26 and 30 layers, respectively. A thin polyethylene film is tightly wound on each
A Scalable Model for Energy Load Balancing in Large-scale Sensor Networks
de Veciana, Gustavo
A Scalable Model for Energy Load Balancing in Large-scale Sensor Networks Seung Jun Baek we consider how one might achieve more balanced energy burdens across the network by spreading sinks change their locations to balance the energy burdens incurred accross the network nodes [1
License Usage and Changes: A Large-Scale Study of Java Projects on GitHub
Poshyvanyk, Denys
License Usage and Changes: A Large-Scale Study of Java Projects on GitHub Christopher Vendome1 -- 4 University of Victoria, BC, Canada Abstract--Software licenses determine, from a legal point of view, under which conditions software can be integrated, used, and above all, redistributed. Licenses
A Programming Model for Context-Aware Applications in Large-Scale Pervasive Systems
Dustdar, Schahram
.g. pervasive health-care, city traffic monitoring, environmental monitoring, smart grids). These large- scale. Examples of such trends are pervasive health-care, city traffic scheduling, environmental monitoring, and smart grids. These systems differ significantly from conventional context-aware systems, which focus
The emergence of zonal ocean jets under large-scale stochastic wind forcing
LaCasce, Joseph H.
. But we will show how such forcing can in fact generate zonal jet-like structures. [5] Wind forcingThe emergence of zonal ocean jets under large-scale stochastic wind forcing Christopher H. O stochastic wind forcing is investigated. As found in many previous studies, long Rossby waves are excited
Exploring Adaptive Reconfiguration to Optimize Energy Efficiency in Large-Scale Battery Systems
with hundreds or thousands of batteries are now widely used in electric vehicles [33], [36], energy storageExploring Adaptive Reconfiguration to Optimize Energy Efficiency in Large-Scale Battery Systems systems such as electric vehicles and smart micro-grids. For many applications, the load requirements
ASH: Tackling Node Mobility in Large-Scale Andrei Pruteanu, Stefan Dulman, Koen Langendoen
Langendoen, Koen
ASH: Tackling Node Mobility in Large-Scale Networks Andrei Pruteanu, Stefan Dulman, Koen Langendoen of a novel mechanism (called ASH) for the creation of a quasi-static overlay on top of a mobile topology. A preliminary evaluation by means of simulation shows that ASH succeeds in tackling node mobility, while
Self-Optimizing Control of a Large-Scale Plant: The Tennessee Eastman Process
Skogestad, Sigurd
Self-Optimizing Control of a Large-Scale Plant: The Tennessee Eastman Process Truls Larsson of freedom reoptimized). The following controlled variables are recommended for this process: optimally Eastman process. We base the variable selection on the concept of self- optimizing control using steady
Kronos: A Java-Based Software System for the Processing and Retrieval of Large Scale
Bader, David A.
Kronos: A Java-Based Software System for the Processing and Retrieval of Large Scale AVHRR Data and preprocessing, indexing and storage, search and processing engine, and a Java interface. We illustrate the power of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 March 4, 1999 1UMIACS and Department of Electrical Engineering 2Department
Large Scale Analysis of BitTorrent Proxy for Green Internet File Sharing
ųzkasap, ųznur
-based approach. Keywords: BitTorrent, Energy Efficiency, Green Internet 1 Introduction With energy efficiencyLarge Scale Analysis of BitTorrent Proxy for Green Internet File Sharing Sena Cebeci1 , Oznur,email@example.com,email@example.com Abstract. Addressing energy efficiency in P2P services has the poten- tial to make the Internet greener
Modeling of Large Scale RF-MEMS Circuits Using Efficient Time-Domain Techniques
Tentzeris, Manos
Modeling of Large Scale RF-MEMS Circuits Using Efficient Time-Domain Techniques N. Bushyager, E Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0250, USA Abstract RF-MEMS design is made difficult due to the lack of tools capable of simulating both MEMS devices and their surrounding circuits
ORNL/TM-2011/455 Large Scale Duty Cycle (LSDC) Project
and Results from Long-Haul Truck Drive Cycle Evaluations May 2011 Prepared by Tim LaClair #12;#12;ORNL/TM-2011 ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS FROM LONG-HAUL TRUCK DRIVE CYCLE EVALUATIONS Tim LaClair Date PublishedORNL/TM-2011/455 Large Scale Duty Cycle (LSDC) Project: Tractive Energy Analysis Methodology
Large Scale Distribution of Stochastic Control Algorithms for Gas Storage Constantinos Makassikis, Stephane Vialle
Vialle, Stķphane
Large Scale Distribution of Stochastic Control Algorithms for Gas Storage Valuation Constantinos algorithm which is applied to gas storage valuation, and presents its experimental performances on two PC distribution allows to run gas storage val- uation models which require considerable amounts of com- putational
Membraneless Hydrogen Bromine Laminar Flow Battery for Large-Scale Energy Storage
Poonen, Bjorn
Membraneless Hydrogen Bromine Laminar Flow Battery for Large-Scale Energy Storage by William Allan and examined for its potential to provide low cost energy storage using the rapid reaction kinetics of hydrogen by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . David E. Hardt Chairman, Department Committee on Graduate Theses #12;2 #12;Membraneless Hydrogen Bromine
A Performance Oriented Design Methodology for Large-Scale Distributed Data Intensive Information Systems
Kerschberg, Larry
-4444, USA Abstract The Earth Observing System (EOS) Data and In- formation System (EOSDIS) is perhaps one to the design of the EOSDIS Core System (ECS). Performance results, based on queuing network models of ECS-scale, geographically distributed, and handle very large volumes of data is the Earth Ob- serving System (EOS) Data
Impacts of Shortwave Penetration Depth on Large-Scale Ocean Circulation and Heat Transport
Gnanadesikan, Anand
Impacts of Shortwave Penetration Depth on Large-Scale Ocean Circulation and Heat Transport COLM independent parameter- izations that use ocean color to estimate the penetration depth of shortwave radiation. This study offers a way to evaluate the changes in irradiance penetration depths in coupled ocean
Towards Large-Scale Collaborative Planning: Answering High-Level Search Queries Using Human Computation
Chen, Yiling
Towards Large-Scale Collaborative Planning: Answering High-Level Search Queries Using Human of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University email@example.com Abstract Behind every search query is a high-level mission that the user wants to accomplish. While current search en- gines can often provide
Self-Adaptive Power Management of Idle Nodes in Large Scale Systems
Zhu, Hong
Self-Adaptive Power Management of Idle Nodes in Large Scale Systems YONGPENG LIU(1) , HONG ZHU(2 with multiple level dynamic sleep mechanisms to reduce power consumption. However, awaking sleeping nodes takes to balance between the systems energy consumption and the response time is a key problem in the power
Balan, Radu V.
against a classical beamformer which maximizes SNR. Since switching from a subset of D microphones pattern design, sensor location selection, very large scale arrays, convex op- timization, simulated area. Using all sensors simultaneously may be unrea- sonable in terms of power consumption and data
Smart Home in a Box: A Large Scale Smart Home Deployment
Cook, Diane J.
B) Project. The upcoming SHiB Project targets building 100 smart homes in several kinds of living spacesSmart Home in a Box: A Large Scale Smart Home Deployment Aaron S. CRANDALL a and Diane J. COOK a,1 a School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, USA Abstract. Smart
ChurnDetect: A Gossip-based Churn Estimator for Large-Scale Dynamic Networks
Langendoen, Koen
ChurnDetect: A Gossip-based Churn Estimator for Large-Scale Dynamic Networks Andrei Pruteanu1 computations, such as online detection of network churn, via distributed, robust and scalable algorithms. In this paper we introduce the ChurnDetect algorithm, a novel solution to the distributed churn estimation
People Search within an Online Social Network: Large Scale Analysis of Facebook Graph Search Query Logs
Karahalios, Karrie G.
People Search within an Online Social Network: Large Scale Analysis of Facebook Graph Search Query and Facebook2 , Menlo Park, CA 94025 {spirin2,email@example.com and {jfh,miked,email@example.com ABSTRACT Facebook in- troduced its innovative Graph Search product with the goal to take the OSN search experience
Large scale simulations of lattice gauge theory: key NSF project of China and recent developments
Xiang-Qian Luo
In a recent funded Key Project of National Science Foundation of China, we have planned to do large scale simulations of lattice Quantum Chromodynamics, using the parallel supercomputing facilities in mainland China. Here I briefly review our plan and progress in recent years.
The impact of large scale biomass production on ozone air pollution in Joost B. Beltman a
Utrecht, Universiteit
The impact of large scale biomass production on ozone air pollution in Europe Joost B. Beltman by up to 25% and 40%. Air pollution mitigation strategies should consider land use management. a r t i Poplar a b s t r a c t Tropospheric ozone contributes to the removal of air pollutants from
Energy, water and large-scale patterns of reptile and amphibian species richness in Europe
RodrĒguez, Miguel ┴ngel
Energy, water and large-scale patterns of reptile and amphibian species richness in Europe Miguel ┴ energy, that proposes that richness will be best described by energy inputs into an area (e.g., Turner et and amphibian species richness in Europe and 11 environmental variables related to five hypotheses
Large-scale hybrid poplar production economics: 1995 Alexandria, Minnesota establishment cost and management
Downing, M. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Langseth, D. [WesMinn Resource Conservation and Development District, Alexandria, MN (United States); Stoffel, R. [Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources, Alexandria, MN (United States); Kroll, T. [Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources, St. Paul, MN (United States). Forestry Div.
The purpose of this project was to track and monitor costs of planting, maintaining, and monitoring large scale commercial plantings of hybrid poplar in Minnesota. These costs assists potential growers and purchasers of this resource to determine the ways in which supply and demand may be secured through developing markets.
Mining for Statistical Models of Availability in Large-Scale Distributed Systems
Kondo, Derrick
Mining for Statistical Models of Availability in Large-Scale Distributed Systems: An Empirical and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS 2009) B. Javadi (INRIA) Statistical Models of Availability MASCOTS 2009 1 / 34) Statistical Models of Availability MASCOTS 2009 2 / 34 #12;Introduction and Motivation P2P, Grid, Cloud
Zyda, Michael
MACEDONIA, PRATT, ZYDA A NETWORK ARCHITECTURE FOR LARGE SCALE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS *Major Michael R. Macedonia, U.S. Army Computer Science Department U.S. Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93943-5118 email@example.com David R. Pratt Computer Science Department U.S. Naval Postgraduate School Monterey
LARGE-SCALE BIOLOGY ARTICLE The Potential of Text Mining in Data Integration and Network
Gent, Universiteit
LARGE-SCALE BIOLOGY ARTICLE The Potential of Text Mining in Data Integration and Network Biology Ghent, Belgium b Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Despite the availability of various data repositories for plant research, a wealth of information
Weighted Hybrid Clustering by Combining Text Mining and Bibliometrics on a Large-Scale Journal Database
Weighted Hybrid Clustering by Combining Text Mining and Bibliometrics on a Large-Scale Journal, Belgium, and Wuhan University of Science and Technology (WUST), College of Information Science and Frizo Janssens Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ESAT-SCD, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B3001, Leuven, Belgium
Large-scale Probabilistic Forecasting in Energy Systems using Sparse Gaussian Conditional Random Fields
Kolter, J. Zico
in a wide range of energy systems, including forecasting demand, renewable generation, and electricityLarge-scale Probabilistic Forecasting in Energy Systems using Sparse Gaussian Conditional Random demonstrated that in the context of electrical demand and wind power, probabilistic forecasts can offer
Distributed Sampling-Based Roadmap of Trees for Large-Scale Motion Planning
Kavraki, Lydia E.
Distributed Sampling-Based Roadmap of Trees for Large-Scale Motion Planning Erion Plaku and Lydia E of the Sampling-based Roadmap of Trees (SRT) algorithm using a decentralized master-client scheme. The distributed that similar speedups can be obtained with several hundred processors. Index Terms-- motion planning, roadmap
On the role of large-scale structures in wall turbulence Ivan Marusic
Marusic, Ivan
On the role of large-scale structures in wall turbulence Ivan Marusic Citation: Phys. Fluids 13. Related Articles Lagrangian evolution of the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor in a turbulent in a turbulent boundary layer: Non-local closures for particle dispersion tensors accounting for particle
Energy-Efficient Antenna Selection and Power Allocation for Large-Scale Multiple Antenna
) sector has been estimated to represent about 2 percent of the global CO2 emissions [1], and 1.8 percent reduce CO2 emissions [5]. On the other hand, large-scale multiple antenna systems which employ hundreds of the total world electricity consumption [2]. The mobile network operational expenditure (OPEX
Parabolized stability equation models for predicting large-scale mixing noise of turbulent round jets
Colonius, Tim
jets D. Rodr┤iguez1 , A. Samanta1 , A. V. G. Cavalieri2 , T. Colonius1¦ and P. Jordan2Č 1 Department-frequency, large-scale wavepacket structures and their radiated sound in high- speed turbulent round jets. Linear envelope and phase measured using a microphone array placed just outside the jet shear layer.1,2 Here we
Large-scale hydrocarbon-driven sand injection in the Paleogene of the North Sea
Mazzini, Adriano
of a large-scale sandstone injection complex, which are preserved in a cored early Eocene section recovered cement isotopic signature (d13 C as low as └27x) and petrographic observations of the injected sandstones sandstones carbonate cements. We suggest that gas influx in the Eocene deep-water sandstones increased pore
An Integrated Docking Pipeline for the Prediction of Large-Scale Protein-Protein Interactions
An Integrated Docking Pipeline for the Prediction of Large-Scale Protein-Protein Interactions Xin. In this study, we developed a protein-protein docking pipeline (PPDP) that integrates a variety of state studies. In this study, we developed a protein-protein docking pipeline by integrat
An analysis and validation pipeline for large-scale RNAi-based screens
de MagalhŃes, JoŃo Pedro
An analysis and validation pipeline for large-scale RNAi-based screens Michael Plank1 , Guang Hu2 pipeline to prioritize these candidates incorporating effect sizes, functional enrichment analysis associated with oxidative stress resistance, as a proof-of-concept of our pipeline we demonstrate
Large-Scale Errors and Mesoscale Predictability in Pacific Northwest Snowstorms DALE R. DURRAN
Large-Scale Errors and Mesoscale Predictability in Pacific Northwest Snowstorms DALE R. DURRAN The development of mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models over the last two decades has made- search communities. Nevertheless, the predictability of the mesoscale features captured in such forecasts
Pennycook, Steve
INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES AS PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS FOR LARGE- SCALE THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Miroslaw storage performance. The expected immediate outcome of this effort is the demonstration of high-energy generation at high efficiency could revolutionize the development of solar energy. Nanoparticle-based phase
Optimization of large-scale heterogeneous system-of-systems models.
Parekh, Ojas; Watson, Jean-Paul; Phillips, Cynthia Ann; Siirola, John; Swiler, Laura Painton; Hough, Patricia Diane (Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA); Lee, Herbert K. H. (University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA); Hart, William Eugene; Gray, Genetha Anne (Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA); Woodruff, David L. (University of California, Davis, Davis, CA)
Decision makers increasingly rely on large-scale computational models to simulate and analyze complex man-made systems. For example, computational models of national infrastructures are being used to inform government policy, assess economic and national security risks, evaluate infrastructure interdependencies, and plan for the growth and evolution of infrastructure capabilities. A major challenge for decision makers is the analysis of national-scale models that are composed of interacting systems: effective integration of system models is difficult, there are many parameters to analyze in these systems, and fundamental modeling uncertainties complicate analysis. This project is developing optimization methods to effectively represent and analyze large-scale heterogeneous system of systems (HSoS) models, which have emerged as a promising approach for describing such complex man-made systems. These optimization methods enable decision makers to predict future system behavior, manage system risk, assess tradeoffs between system criteria, and identify critical modeling uncertainties.
Coherence in Large-Scale Networks: Dimension-Dependent Limitations of Local Feedback
Bamieh, Bassam; Mitra, Partha; Patterson, Stacy
We consider distributed consensus and vehicular formation control problems. Specifically we address the question of whether local feedback is sufficient to maintain coherence in large-scale networks subject to stochastic disturbances. We define macroscopic performance measures which are global quantities that capture the notion of coherence; a notion of global order that quantifies how closely the formation resembles a solid object. We consider how these measures scale asymptotically with network size in the topologies of regular lattices in 1, 2 and higher dimensions, with vehicular platoons corresponding to the 1 dimensional case. A common phenomenon appears where a higher spatial dimension implies a more favorable scaling of coherence measures, with a dimensions of 3 being necessary to achieve coherence in consensus and vehicular formations under certain conditions. In particular, we show that it is impossible to have large coherent one dimensional vehicular platoons with only local feedback. We analyze th...
The Future of the Local Large Scale Structure: the roles of Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Yehuda Hoffman; Ofer Lahav; Gustavo Yepes; Yaniv Dover
We study the distinct effects of Dark Matter and Dark Energy on the future evolution of nearby large scale structures using constrained N-body simulations. We contrast a model of Cold Dark Matter and a Cosmological Constant (LCDM) with an Open CDM (OCDM) model with the same matter density Omega_m =0.3 and the same Hubble constant h=0.7. Already by the time the scale factor increased by a factor of 6 (29 Gyr from now in LCDM; 78 Gyr from now in OCDM) the comoving position of the Local Group is frozen. Well before that epoch the two most massive members of the Local Group, the Milky Way and Andromeda, will merge. However, as the expansion rates of the scale factor in the two models are different, the Local Group will be receding in physical coordinates from Virgo exponentially in a LCDM model and at a roughly constant velocity in an OCDM model. More generally, in comoving coordinates the future large scale structure will look like a sharpened image of the present structure: the skeleton of the cosmic web will remain the same, but clusters will be more `isolated' and the filaments will become thinner. This implies that the long-term fate of large scale structure as seen in comoving coordinates is determined primarily by the matter density. We conclude that although the LCDM model is accelerating at present due to its Dark Energy component while the OCDM model is non accelerating, their large scale structure in the future will look very similar in comoving coordinates.
Inflation that runs naturally: Gravitational waves and suppression of power at large and small scales
Quinn E. Minor; Manoj Kaplinghat
We point out three correlated predictions of the axion monodromy inflation model: large amplitude of gravitational waves, suppression of power on horizon scales and on scales relevant for the formation of dwarf galaxies. While these predictions are likely generic to models with oscillations in the inflaton potential, the axion monodromy model naturally accommodates the required running spectral index through Planck-scale corrections to the inflaton potential. Applying this model to a combined data set of Planck, ACT, SPT, and WMAP low-$\\ell$ polarization cosmic microwave background (CMB) data, we find a best-fit tensor-to-scalar ratio $r_{0.05} = 0.07^{+0.05}_{-0.04}$ due to gravitational waves, which may have been observed by the BICEP2 experiment. Despite the contribution of gravitational waves, the total power on large scales (CMB power spectrum at low multipoles) is lower than the standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology with a power-law spectrum of initial perturbations and no gravitational waves, thus mitigating some of the tension on large scales. There is also a reduction in the matter power spectrum of 20-30\\% at scales corresponding to $k = 10~{\\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, which are relevant for dwarf galaxy formation. This will alleviate some of the unsolved small-scale structure problems in the standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology. The inferred matter power spectrum is also found to be consistent with recent Lyman-$\\alpha$ forest data, which is in tension with the Planck-favored $\\Lambda$CDM model with power-law primordial power spectrum.
Large Scale Structure Formation in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld Gravity
Xiao-Long Du; Ke Yang; Xin-He Meng; Yu-Xiao Liu
We study the large scale structure formation in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld (EiBI) gravity. It is found that the linear growth of scalar perturbations in EiBI gravity deviates from that in general relativity for modes with large wave numbers ($k$), but the deviation is largely suppressed with the expansion of the Universe. We investigate the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect in EiBI gravity, and find that its effect on the angular power spectrum of the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is almost the same as that in the Lambda-cold dark matter ($\\Lambda$CDM) model. We further calculate the linear matter power spectrum in EiBI gravity and compare it with that in the $\\Lambda$CDM model. Deviation is found on small scales ($k\\gtrsim 0.1 h$ Mpc$^{-1}$), which can be tested in the future by observations from galaxy surveys.
Development of large scale production of Nd-doped phosphate glasses for megajoule-scale laser systems
Ficini, G.; Campbell, J.H.
Nd-doped phosphate glasses are the preferred gain medium for high-peak-power lasers used for Inertial Confinement Fusion research because they have excellent energy storage and extraction characteristics. In addition, these glasses can be manufactured defect-free in large sizes and at relatively low cost. To meet the requirements of the future mega-joule size lasers, advanced laser glass manufacturing methods are being developed that would enable laser glass to be continuously produced at the rate of several thousand large (790 x 440 x 44 mm{sup 3}) plates of glass per year. This represents more than a 10 to 100-fold improvement in the scale of the present manufacturing technology.
Approaching the exa-scale: a real-world evaluation of rendering extremely large data sets
Patchett, John M; Ahrens, James P; Lo, Li - Ta; Browniee, Carson S; Mitchell, Christopher J; Hansen, Chuck
Extremely large scale analysis is becoming increasingly important as supercomputers and their simulations move from petascale to exascale. The lack of dedicated hardware acceleration for rendering on today's supercomputing platforms motivates our detailed evaluation of the possibility of interactive rendering on the supercomputer. In order to facilitate our understanding of rendering on the supercomputing platform, we focus on scalability of rendering algorithms and architecture envisioned for exascale datasets. To understand tradeoffs for dealing with extremely large datasets, we compare three different rendering algorithms for large polygonal data: software based ray tracing, software based rasterization and hardware accelerated rasterization. We present a case study of strong and weak scaling of rendering extremely large data on both GPU and CPU based parallel supercomputers using Para View, a parallel visualization tool. Wc use three different data sets: two synthetic and one from a scientific application. At an extreme scale, algorithmic rendering choices make a difference and should be considered while approaching exascale computing, visualization, and analysis. We find software based ray-tracing offers a viable approach for scalable rendering of the projected future massive data sizes.
Final Report: Large-Scale Optimization for Bayesian Inference in Complex Systems
Ghattas, Omar
The SAGUARO (Scalable Algorithms for Groundwater Uncertainty Analysis and Robust Optimiza- tion) Project focuses on the development of scalable numerical algorithms for large-scale Bayesian inversion in complex systems that capitalize on advances in large-scale simulation-based optimiza- tion and inversion methods. Our research is directed in three complementary areas: efficient approximations of the Hessian operator, reductions in complexity of forward simulations via stochastic spectral approximations and model reduction, and employing large-scale optimization concepts to accelerate sampling. Our efforts are integrated in the context of a challenging testbed problem that considers subsurface reacting flow and transport. The MIT component of the SAGUARO Project addresses the intractability of conventional sampling methods for large-scale statistical inverse problems by devising reduced-order models that are faithful to the full-order model over a wide range of parameter values; sampling then employs the reduced model rather than the full model, resulting in very large computational savings. Results indicate little effect on the computed posterior distribution. On the other hand, in the Texas-Georgia Tech component of the project, we retain the full-order model, but exploit inverse problem structure (adjoint-based gradients and partial Hessian information of the parameter-to- observation map) to implicitly extract lower dimensional information on the posterior distribution; this greatly speeds up sampling methods, so that fewer sampling points are needed. We can think of these two approaches as "reduce then sample" and "sample then reduce." In fact, these two approaches are complementary, and can be used in conjunction with each other. Moreover, they both exploit deterministic inverse problem structure, in the form of adjoint-based gradient and Hessian information of the underlying parameter-to-observation map, to achieve their speedups.
Control of Large-Scale Heat Transport by Small-Scale Mixing PAOLA CESSI, W. R. YOUNG, AND JEFF A. POLTON
Young, William R.
Control of Large-Scale Heat Transport by Small-Scale Mixing PAOLA CESSI, W. R. YOUNG, AND JEFF A of entropy production, mechanical energy balance, and heat trans- port. The flow is rapidly rotating in terms of the external parameters. The scaling theory predicts relations between heat transport
On scale and magnitude of pressure build-up induced by large-scale geologic storage of CO2
Zhou, Q.; Birkholzer, J. T.
The scale and magnitude of pressure perturbation and brine migration induced by geologic carbon sequestration is discussed assuming a full-scale deployment scenario in which enough CO{sub 2} is captured and stored to make relevant contributions to global climate change mitigation. In this scenario, the volumetric rates and cumulative volumes of CO{sub 2} injection would be comparable to or higher than those related to existing deep-subsurface injection and extraction activities, such as oil production. Large-scale pressure build-up in response to the injection may limit the dynamic storage capacity of suitable formations, because over-pressurization may fracture the caprock, may drive CO{sub 2}/brine leakage through localized pathways, and may cause induced seismicity. On the other hand, laterally extensive sedimentary basins may be less affected by such limitations because (i) local pressure effects are moderated by pressure propagation and brine displacement into regions far away from the CO{sub 2} storage domain; and (ii) diffuse and/or localized brine migration into overlying and underlying formations allows for pressure bleed-off in the vertical direction. A quick analytical estimate of the extent of pressure build-up induced by industrial-scale CO{sub 2} storage projects is presented. Also discussed are pressure perturbation and attenuation effects simulated for two representative sedimentary basins in the USA: the laterally extensive Illinois Basin and the partially compartmentalized southern San Joaquin Basin in California. These studies show that the limiting effect of pressure build-up on dynamic storage capacity is not as significant as suggested by Ehlig-Economides and Economides, who considered closed systems without any attenuation effects.
Ikarus: Large-Scale Participatory Sensing at High Altitudes Michael von Kaenel, Philipp Sommer, and Roger Wattenhofer
Ikarus: Large-Scale Participatory Sensing at High Altitudes Michael von Kaenel, Philipp Sommer, and Roger Wattenhofer Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory ETH Zurich, Switzerland {vkaenemi,sommer
Abstract--Many large scale system blackouts involve relay misoperations. Traditional relay algorithms and settings need to
1 Abstract--Many large scale system blackouts involve relay misoperations. Traditional relay-wide blackouts involve relay misoperations [1]. Evaluation and improvement of existing relay algorithms
Development of fine-resolution analyses and expanded large-scale forcing properties. Part II: Scale-awareness and application to single-column model experiments
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Feng, Sha [Univ. of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (United States); California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA (United States); Vogelmann, Andrew M. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Li, Zhijin [California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Univ. of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Liu, Yangang [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lin, Wuyin [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Zhang, Minghua [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Toto, Tami [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Endo, Satoshi [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Fine-resolution three-dimensional fields have been produced using the Community Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system for the U.S. Department of EnergyÆs Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Southern Great Plains region. The GSI system is implemented in a multi-scale data assimilation framework using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a cloud-resolving resolution of 2 km. From the fine-resolution three-dimensional fields, large-scale forcing is derived explicitly at grid-scale resolution; a subgrid-scale dynamic component is derived separately, representing subgrid-scale horizontal dynamic processes. Analyses show that the subgrid-scale dynamic component is often a major component over the large-scale forcing for grid scales larger than 200 km. The single-column model (SCM) of the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5) is used to examine the impact of the grid-scale and subgrid-scale dynamic components on simulated precipitation and cloud fields associated with a mesoscale convective system. It is found that grid-scale size impacts simulated precipitation, resulting in an overestimation for grid scales of about 200 km but an underestimation for smaller grids. The subgrid-scale dynamic component has an appreciable impact on the simulations, suggesting that grid-scale and subgrid-scale dynamic components should be considered in the interpretation of SCM simulations.
Large scale structure and the generalised Chaplygin gas as dark energy
T. Multamaki; M. Manera; E. Gaztanaga
The growth of large scale structure is studied in a universe containing both cold dark matter (CDM) and generalized Chaplygin gas (GCg). GCg is assumed to contribute only to the background evolution of the universe while the CDM component collapses and forms structures. We present some new analytical as well as numerical results for linear and non-linear growth in such model. The model passes the standard cosmological distance test without the need of a cosmological constant (LCDM). But we find that the scenario is severely constrained by current observations of large scale structure. Any small deviations of the GCg parameters away from the standard Lambda dominated cosmology (LCDM) produces substantial suppression for the growth of structures.
Multiscale spatial density smoothing: an application to large-scale radiological survey and anomaly detection
Tansey, Wesley; Reinhart, Alex; Scott, James G
We consider the problem of estimating a spatially varying density function, motivated by problems that arise in large-scale radiological survey and anomaly detection. In this context, the density functions to be estimated are the background gamma-ray energy spectra at sites spread across a large geographical area, such as nuclear production and waste-storage sites, military bases, medical facilities, university campuses, or the downtown of a city. Several challenges combine to make this a difficult problem. First, the spectral density at any given spatial location may have both smooth and non-smooth features. Second, the spatial correlation in these density functions is neither stationary nor locally isotropic. Third, the spatial correlation decays at different length scales at different locations in the support of the underlying density. Finally, at some spatial locations, there is very little data. We present a method called multiscale spatial density smoothing that successfully addresses these challenges. ...
RODRIGUEZ, MARKO A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; BOLLEN, JOHAN [Los Alamos National Laboratory; VAN DE SOMPEL, HERBERT [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The large-scale analysis of scholarly artifact usage is constrained primarily by current practices in usage data archiving, privacy issues concerned with the dissemination of usage data, and the lack of a practical ontology for modeling the usage domain. As a remedy to the third constraint, this article presents a scholarly ontology that was engineered to represent those classes for which large-scale bibliographic and usage data exists, supports usage research, and whose instantiation is scalable to the order of 50 million articles along with their associated artifacts (e.g. authors and journals) and an accompanying 1 billion usage events. The real world instantiation of the presented abstract ontology is a semantic network model of the scholarly community which lends the scholarly process to statistical analysis and computational support. They present the ontology, discuss its instantiation, and provide some example inference rules for calculating various scholarly artifact metrics.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations from SNL's Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS)
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
Plimpton, Steve; Thompson, Aidan; Crozier, Paul
LAMMPS (http://lammps.sandia.gov/index.html) stands for Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator and is a code that can be used to model atoms or, as the LAMMPS website says, as a parallel particle simulator at the atomic, meso, or continuum scale. This Sandia-based website provides a long list of animations from large simulations. These were created using different visualization packages to read LAMMPS output, and each one provides the name of the PI and a brief description of the work done or visualization package used. See also the static images produced from simulations at http://lammps.sandia.gov/pictures.html The foundation paper for LAMMPS is: S. Plimpton, Fast Parallel Algorithms for Short-Range Molecular Dynamics, J Comp Phys, 117, 1-19 (1995), but the website also lists other papers describing contributions to LAMMPS over the years.
Towards physics responsible for large-scale Lyman-$\\alpha$ forest bias parameters
Cieplak, Agnieszka M
Using a series of carefully constructed numerical experiments based on hydrodynamic cosmological SPH simulations, we attempt to build an intuition for the relevant physics behind the large scale density ($b_\\delta$) and velocity gradient ($b_\\eta$) biases of the Lyman-$\\alpha$ forest. Starting with the fluctuating Gunn-Peterson approximation applied to the smoothed total density field in real-space, and progressing through redshift-space with no thermal broadening, redshift-space with thermal broadening and hydrodynamicaly simulated baryon fields, we investigate how approximations found in the literature fare. We find that Seljak's 2012 analytical formulae for these bias parameters work surprisingly well in the limit of no thermal broadening and linear redshift-space distortions. We also show that his $b_\\eta$ formula is exact in the limit of no thermal broadening. Since introduction of thermal broadening significantly affects its value, we speculate that a combination of large-scale measurements of $b_\\eta$ ...
A ranking and exploration service based on large-scale usage data
Bollen, Johan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Van De Sompel, Herbert L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Balakireva, Lyudmila L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Chute, Ryan M [Los Alamos National Laboratory
This poster presents the architecture and user interface of a prototype service that was designed to allow end-users to explore the s tructure of science and perform assessments of scholarly impact on the basis of large-scale usage data. The underlying usage data set was constructed by the NIESUR project which collected 1 billion usage events from a wide range of publishers, aggregators and institutional consortia.
Weak lensing of large scale structure in the presence of screening
Tessore, Nicolas; Metcalf, R Benton; Ferreira, Pedro G
A number of alternatives to general relativity exhibit gravitational screening in the non-linear regime of structure formation. We describe a set of algorithms that can produce weak lensing maps of large scale structure in such theories and can be used to generate mock surveys for cosmological analysis. By analysing a few basic statistics we indicate how these alternatives can be distinguished from general relativity with future weak lensing surveys.
Sub-metering to Electricity Use in Large-scale Commercial BuildingsĀ
Yuan, W.
-metering and statistics ???? Method to actualize sub-metering ???? Practice??Project example ???? Use of data??Analysis Software Sub-metering and statistics to electricity use in commercial buildings 3 Situation?? 4 types of large-scale commercial building Shopping mall... in commercial buildings ???? Significanceof sub-metering and statistics ???? Method to actualize sub-metering ???? Practice??Project example ???? Use of data??Analysis Software Sub-metering and statistics to electricity use in commercial buildings 8 Method...
Bridging the Gap Between Commissioning Measures and Large Scale Retrofits in Existing BuildingsĀ
Bynum, J.; Jones, A.; Claridge, D. E.
The 11th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations (ICEBO 2011) October 18-20, 2011, New York, NY, USA Bridging the Gap Between Commissioning Measures and Large Scale Retrofits in Existing Buildings John Bynum Alaina Jones... space temperature, cold duct supply air temperature, hot duct supply air ESL-IC-11-10-20 Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference Enhanced Building Operations, New York City, October 18-20, 2011 The 11th International Conference...
Large scale simulations of the jet-IGM interaction Martin G. H. Krause
Krause, Martin
in that phase. Here, I present new, bipolar, simulations of very light jets in 2.5D and 3D, reaching (Carvalho and O'Dea, 2002a; Car- valho and O'Dea, 2002b; Saxton et al., 2002; Krause, 2003; Zanni et al ambient gas mass distribution and E(t) is the energy injection law. Here, I show 3D and 2.5D large scale
On the velocity in the Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures
Mercolli, Lorenzo [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08536 (United States); Pajer, Enrico, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Physics Department, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08536 (United States)
We compute the renormalized two-point functions of density, divergence and vorticity of the velocity in the Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures. Because of momentum and mass conservation, the corrections from short scales to the large-scale power spectra of density, divergence and vorticity must start at order k{sup 4}. For the vorticity this constitutes one of the two leading terms. Exact (approximated) self-similarity of an Einstein-de Sitter (?CDM) background fixes the time dependence so that the vorticity power spectrum at leading order is determined by the symmetries of the problem and the power spectrum around the non-linear scale. We show that to cancel all divergences in the velocity correlators one needs new counterterms. These fix the definition of velocity and do not represent new properties of the system. For an Einstein-de Sitter universe, we show that all three renormalized cross- and auto-correlation functions have the same structure but different numerical coefficients, which we compute. We elucidate the differences between using momentum and velocity.
Post-Newtonian Lagrangian Perturbation Approach to the Large-Scale Structure Formation
Masahiro Takada; Toshifumi Futamase
We formulate the Lagrangian perturbation theory to solve the non-linear dynamics of self-gravitating fluid within the framework of the post-Newtonian approximation in general relativity, using the (3+1) formalism. Our formulation coincides with Newtonian Lagrangian perturbation theory developed by Buchert for the scale much smaller than the horizon scale, and with the gauge invariant linearized theory in the longitudinal gauge conditions for the linear regime. These are achieved by using the gauge invariant quantities at the initial time when the linearized theory is valid enough. The post-Newtonian corrections in the solution of the trajectory field of fluid elements are calculated in the explicit forms. Thus our formulation allows us to investigate the evolution of the large-scale fluctuations involving relativistic corrections from the early regime such as the decoupling time of matter and radiation until today. As a result, we are able to show that naive Newtonian cosmology to the structure formation will be a good approximation even for the perturbations with scales not only inside but also beyond the present horizon scale in the longitudinal coordinates. Although the post-Newtonian corrections are small, it is shown that they have a growing transverse mode which is not present in Newtonian theory as well as in the gauge invariant linearized theory. Such post-Newtonian order effects might produce characteristic appearances of the large-scale structure formation, for example, through the observation of anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). Furthermore since our approach has a straightforward Newtonian limit, it will be also convenient for numerical implementation based on the presently available Newtonian simulation. ......
Sheared stably stratified turbulence and large-scale waves in a lid driven cavity
Cohen, N; Elperin, T; Kleeorin, N; Rogachevskii, I
We investigated experimentally stably stratified turbulent flows in a lid driven cavity with a non-zero vertical mean temperature gradient in order to identify the parameters governing the mean and turbulent flows and to understand their effects on the momentum and heat transfer. We found that the mean velocity patterns (e.g., the form and the sizes of the large-scale circulations) depend strongly on the degree of the temperature stratification. In the case of strong stable stratification, the strong turbulence region is located in the vicinity of the main large-scale circulation. We detected the large-scale nonlinear oscillations in the case of strong stable stratification which can be interpreted as nonlinear internal gravity waves. The ratio of the main energy-containing frequencies of these waves in velocity and temperature fields in the nonlinear stage is about 2. The amplitude of the waves increases in the region of weak turbulence (near the bottom wall of the cavity), whereby the vertical mean temperat...
A method of orbital analysis for large-scale first-principles simulations
Ohwaki, Tsukuru; Otani, Minoru; Ozaki, Taisuke
An efficient method of calculating the natural bond orbitals (NBOs) based on a truncation of the entire density matrix of a whole system is presented for large-scale density functional theory calculations. The method recovers an orbital picture for O(N) electronic structure methods which directly evaluate the density matrix without using Kohn-Sham orbitals, thus enabling quantitative analysis of chemical reactions in large-scale systems in the language of localized Lewis-type chemical bonds. With the density matrix calculated by either an exact diagonalization or O(N) method, the computational cost is O(1) for the calculation of NBOs associated with a local region where a chemical reaction takes place. As an illustration of the method, we demonstrate how an electronic structure in a local region of interest can be analyzed by NBOs in a large-scale first-principles molecular dynamics simulation for a liquid electrolyte bulk model (propylene carbonate + LiBF{sub 4})
Evidence of Early Enrichment of the Galactic Disk by Large-Scale Winds
Tsujimoto, T; Freeman, K C
Large-scale homogeneous surveys of Galactic stars may indicate that the elemental abundance gradient evolves with cosmic time, a phenomenon that was not foreseen in existing models of Galactic chemical evolution (GCE). If the phenomenon is confirmed in future studies, we show that this effect, at least in part, is due to large-scale winds that once enriched the disk. These set up the steep abundance gradient in the inner disk (R <14 kpc). At the close of the wind phase, chemical enrichment through accretion of metal-poor material from the halo onto the disk gradually reduced the metallicity of the inner region, whereas a slow increase in the metallicity proceeded beyond the solar circle. Our "wind+infall" model accounts for flattening of the abundance gradient in the inner disk, in good agreement with observations. Accordingly, we propose that enrichment by large-scale winds is a crucial factor for chemical evolution in the disk. We anticipate that rapid flattening of the abundance gradient is the hallmark...
Development of fine-resolution analyses and expanded large-scale forcing properties. Part II: Scale-awareness and application to single-column model experiments
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Feng, Sha; Vogelmann, Andrew M.; Li, Zhijin; Liu, Yangang; Lin, Wuyin; Zhang, Minghua; Toto, Tami; Endo, Satoshi
Fine-resolution three-dimensional fields have been produced using the Community Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system for the U.S. Department of EnergyÆs Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Southern Great Plains region. The GSI system is implemented in a multi-scale data assimilation framework using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a cloud-resolving resolution of 2 km. From the fine-resolution three-dimensional fields, large-scale forcing is derived explicitly at grid-scale resolution; a subgrid-scale dynamic component is derived separately, representing subgrid-scale horizontal dynamic processes. Analyses show that the subgrid-scale dynamic component is often a major component over the large-scale forcing for grid scalesmoreĀ╗larger than 200 km. The single-column model (SCM) of the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5) is used to examine the impact of the grid-scale and subgrid-scale dynamic components on simulated precipitation and cloud fields associated with a mesoscale convective system. It is found that grid-scale size impacts simulated precipitation, resulting in an overestimation for grid scales of about 200 km but an underestimation for smaller grids. The subgrid-scale dynamic component has an appreciable impact on the simulations, suggesting that grid-scale and subgrid-scale dynamic components should be considered in the interpretation of SCM simulations.½Āless
Lyman-Alpha Emitting Galaxies as a Probe of Reionization: Large-Scale Bubble Morphology and Small-Scale Absorbers
Kakiichi, Koki; Ciardi, Benedetta; Graziani, Luca
The visibility of LyA emitting galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization is controlled by both diffuse HI patches in large-scale bubble morphology and small-scale absorbers. To investigate the impact on LyA photons, we apply a novel combination of analytic and numerical calculations to three scenarios: (i) the `bubble' model, where only diffuse HI outside ionized bubbles is present; (ii) the `web' model, where HI exists only in overdense self-shielded gas; and (iii) the more realistic 'web-bubble' model, which contains both. Our analysis confirms that there is a degeneracy between the ionization structure of the intergalactic medium (IGM) and the HI fraction inferred from LyA surveys, as the three models suppress LyA flux equally with very different HI fractions. We argue that a joint analysis of the LyA luminosity function and the rest-frame equivalent width distribution/LyA fraction can break this degeneracy and provide constraints on the reionization history and its topology. We further show that constrain...
Fingerprints of anomalous primordial Universe on the abundance of large scale structures
Baghram, Shant; Abolhasani, Ali Akbar; Firouzjahi, Hassan; Namjoo, Mohammad Hossein E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
We study the predictions of anomalous inflationary models on the abundance of structures in large scale structure observations. The anomalous features encoded in primordial curvature perturbation power spectrum are (a): localized feature in momentum space, (b): hemispherical asymmetry and (c): statistical anisotropies. We present a model-independent expression relating the number density of structures to the changes in the matter density variance. Models with localized feature can alleviate the tension between observations and numerical simulations of cold dark matter structures on galactic scales as a possible solution to the missing satellite problem. In models with hemispherical asymmetry we show that the abundance of structures becomes asymmetric depending on the direction of observation to sky. In addition, we study the effects of scale-dependent dipole amplitude on the abundance of structures. Using the quasars data and adopting the power-law scaling k{sup n{sub A}-1} for the amplitude of dipole we find the upper bound n{sub A}Ā<Ā0.6 for the spectral index of the dipole asymmetry. In all cases there is a critical mass scale M{sub c} in which for M
A Metascalable Computing Framework for Large Spatiotemporal-Scale Atomistic Simulations
Nomura, K; Seymour, R; Wang, W; Kalia, R; Nakano, A; Vashishta, P; Shimojo, F; Yang, L H
A metascalable (or 'design once, scale on new architectures') parallel computing framework has been developed for large spatiotemporal-scale atomistic simulations of materials based on spatiotemporal data locality principles, which is expected to scale on emerging multipetaflops architectures. The framework consists of: (1) an embedded divide-and-conquer (EDC) algorithmic framework based on spatial locality to design linear-scaling algorithms for high complexity problems; (2) a space-time-ensemble parallel (STEP) approach based on temporal locality to predict long-time dynamics, while introducing multiple parallelization axes; and (3) a tunable hierarchical cellular decomposition (HCD) parallelization framework to map these O(N) algorithms onto a multicore cluster based on hybrid implementation combining message passing and critical section-free multithreading. The EDC-STEP-HCD framework exposes maximal concurrency and data locality, thereby achieving: (1) inter-node parallel efficiency well over 0.95 for 218 billion-atom molecular-dynamics and 1.68 trillion electronic-degrees-of-freedom quantum-mechanical simulations on 212,992 IBM BlueGene/L processors (superscalability); (2) high intra-node, multithreading parallel efficiency (nanoscalability); and (3) nearly perfect time/ensemble parallel efficiency (eon-scalability). The spatiotemporal scale covered by MD simulation on a sustained petaflops computer per day (i.e. petaflops {center_dot} day of computing) is estimated as NT = 2.14 (e.g. N = 2.14 million atoms for T = 1 microseconds).
Large-scale structure evolution in axisymmetric, compressible free-shear layers
Aeschliman, D.P.; Baty, R.S.
This paper is a description of work-in-progress. It describes Sandia`s program to study the basic fluid mechanics of large-scale mixing in unbounded, compressible, turbulent flows, specifically, the turbulent mixing of an axisymmetric compressible helium jet in a parallel, coflowing compressible air freestream. Both jet and freestream velocities are variable over a broad range, providing a wide range mixing layer Reynolds number. Although the convective Mach number, M{sub c}, range is currently limited by the present nozzle design to values of 0.6 and below, straightforward nozzle design changes would permit a wide range of convective Mach number, to well in excess of 1.0. The use of helium allows simulation of a hot jet due to the large density difference, and also aids in obtaining optical flow visualization via schlieren due to the large density gradient in the mixing layer. The work comprises a blend of analysis, experiment, and direct numerical simulation (DNS). There the authors discuss only the analytical and experimental efforts to observe and describe the evolution of the large-scale structures. The DNS work, used to compute local two-point velocity correlation data, will be discussed elsewhere.
Technical and economical aspects of large-scale CO{sub 2} storage in deep oceans
Sarv, H.; John, J.
The authors examined the technical and economical feasibility of two options for large-scale transportation and ocean sequestration of captured CO{sub 2} at depths of 3000 meters or greater. In one case, CO{sub 2} was pumped from a land-based collection center through six parallel-laid subsea pipelines. Another case considered oceanic tanker transport of liquid carbon dioxide to an offshore floating platform or a barge for vertical injection through a large-diameter pipe to the ocean floor. Based on the preliminary technical and economic analyses, tanker transportation and offshore injection through a large-diameter, 3,000-meter vertical pipeline from a floating structure appears to be the best method for delivering liquid CO{sub 2} to deep ocean floor depressions for distances greater than 400 km. Other benefits of offshore injection are high payload capability and ease of relocation. For shorter distances (less than 400 km), CO{sub 2} delivery by subsea pipelines is more cost-effective. Estimated costs for 500-km transport and storage at a depth of 3000 meters by subsea pipelines or tankers were under 2 dollars per ton of stored CO{sub 2}. Their analyses also indicates that large-scale sequestration of captured CO{sub 2} in oceans is technologically feasible and has many commonalities with other strategies for deepsea natural gas and oil exploration installations.
Test of the CLAS12 RICH large scale prototype in the direct proximity focusing configuration
N. Baltzell; L. Barion; F. Benmokhtar; W. Brooks; E. Cisbani; M. Contalbrigo; A. El Alaoui; K. Hafidi; M. Hoek; V. Kubarovsky; L. Lagamba; V. Lucherini; R. Malaguti; M. Mirazita; R. A. Montgomery; A. Movsisyan; P. Musico; A. Orlandi; D. Orecchini; L. L. Pappalardo; R. Perrino; J. Phillips; S. Pisano; P. Rossi; S. Squerzanti; S. Tomassini; M. Turisini; A. Viticchie
A large area ring-imaging Cherenkov detector has been designed to provide clean hadron identification capability in the momentum range from 3 GeV/c up to 8 GeV/c for the CLAS12 experiments at the upgraded 12 GeV continuous electron beam accelerator facility of Jefferson Laboratory. The adopted solution foresees a novel hybrid optics design based on aerogel radiator, composite mirrors and high-packed and high-segmented photon detectors. Cherenkov light will either be imaged directly (forward tracks) or after two mirror reflections (large angle tracks). We report here the results of the tests of a large scale prototype of the RICH detector performed with the hadron beam of the CERN T9 experimental hall for the direct detection configuration. The tests demonstrated that the proposed design provides the required pion-to-kaon rejection factor of 1:500 in the whole momentum range.
Large-scale Gadolinium-doped Water Cerenkov Detector for Non-Proliferation
Sweany, M; Bowden, N S; Dazeley, S; Keefer, G; Svoboda, R; Tripathi, M
Fission events from Special Nuclear Material (SNM), such as highly enriched uranium or plutonium, can produce simultaneous emission of multiple neutrons and high energy gamma-rays. The observation of time correlations between any of these particles is a significant indicator of the presence of fissionable material. Cosmogenic processes can also mimic these types of correlated signals. However, if the background is sufficiently low and fully characterized, significant changes in the correlated event rate in the presence of a target of interest constitutes a robust signature of the presence of SNM. Since fission emissions are isotropic, adequate sensitivity to these multiplicities requires a high efficiency detector with a large solid angle with respect to the target. Water Cerenkov detectors are a cost-effective choice when large solid angle coverage is required. In order to characterize the neutron detection performance of large-scale water Cerenkov detectors, we have designed and built a 3.5 kL water Cerenko...
Test of the CLAS12 RICH large scale prototype in the direct proximity focusing configuration
Baltzell, N; Benmokhtar, F; Brooks, W; Cisbani, E; Contalbrigo, M; Alaoui, A El; Hafidi, K; Hoek, M; Kubarovsky, V; Lagamba, L; Lucherini, V; Malaguti, R; Mirazita, M; Montgomery, R A; Movsisyan, A; Musico, P; Orlandi, A; Orecchini, D; Pappalardo, L L; Perrino, R; Phillips, J; Pisano, S; Rossi, P; Squerzanti, S; Tomassini, S; Turisini, M; Viticchie, A
A large area ring-imaging Cherenkov detector has been designed to provide clean hadron identification capability in the momentum range from 3 GeV/c up to 8 GeV/c for the CLAS12 experiments at the upgraded 12 GeV continuous electron beam accelerator facility of Jefferson Laboratory. The adopted solution foresees a novel hybrid optics design based on aerogel radiator, composite mirrors and high-packed and high-segmented photon detectors. Cherenkov light will either be imaged directly (forward tracks) or after two mirror reflections (large angle tracks). We report here the results of the tests of a large scale prototype of the RICH detector performed with the hadron beam of the CERN T9 experimental hall for the direct detection configuration. The tests demonstrated that the proposed design provides the required pion-to-kaon rejection factor of 1:500 in the whole momentum range.
Primordial non-Gaussianity in the bispectra of large-scale structure
Tasinato, Gianmassimo; Tellarini, Matteo; Ross, Ashley J.; Wands, David, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX (United Kingdom)
The statistics of large-scale structure in the Universe can be used to probe non-Gaussianity of the primordial density field, complementary to existing constraints from the cosmic microwave background. In particular, the scale dependence of halo bias, which affects the halo distribution at large scales, represents a promising tool for analyzing primordial non-Gaussianity of local form. Future observations, for example, may be able to constrain the trispectrum parameter g{sub NL} that is difficult to study and constrain using the CMB alone. We investigate how galaxy and matter bispectra can distinguish between the two non-Gaussian parameters f{sub NL} and g{sub NL}, whose effects give nearly degenerate contributions to the power spectra. We use a generalization of the univariate bias approach, making the hypothesis that the number density of halos forming at a given position is a function of the local matter density contrast and of its local higher-order statistics. Using this approach, we calculate the halo-matter bispectra and analyze their properties. We determine a connection between the sign of the halo bispectrum on large scales and the parameter g{sub NL}. We also construct a combination of halo and matter bispectra that is sensitive to f{sub NL}, with little contamination from g{sub NL}. We study both the case of single and multiple sources to the primordial gravitational potential, discussing how to extend the concept of stochastic halo bias to the case of bispectra. We use a specific halo mass-function to calculate numerically the bispectra in appropriate squeezed limits, confirming our theoretical findings.
Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2014754 Joshua M. Pearce, "Industrial Symbiosis for Very Large Scale Photovoltaic
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
Symbiosis for Very Large Scale Photovoltaic Manufacturing", Renewable Energy 33, pp. 11011108, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2007.07.002 Industrial Symbiosis of Very Large Scale Photovoltaic Manufacturing. Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells offer a technically sustainable solution to the projected enormous future
Relative effects of wind stress curl, topography, and stratification on large-scale circulation in Lake Michigan
Relative effects of wind stress curl, topography, and stratification on large-scale circulation, and stratification on large-scale circulation. The multiseason simulations provide a period long enough to encompass the full range of atmospheric and thermal conditions that can occur in the lake. The purpose of this paper
Generation of large-scale gravity waves and neutral winds in the thermosphere from the dissipation of convectively
Vadas, Sharon
Generation of large-scale gravity waves and neutral winds in the thermosphere from the dissipation: Vadas, S. L., and H. Liu (2009), Generation of large-scale gravity waves and neutral winds of convectively generated gravity waves Sharon L. Vadas1 and Han-li Liu2 Received 29 January 2009; accepted 11
Karhunen-Loeve (PCA) based detection of multiple oscillations in multiple measurement signals from large-scale process plants
Wickerhauser, M. Victor
Karhunen-Lo┤eve (PCA) based detection of multiple oscillations in multiple measurement signals from large-scale process plants P. F. Odgaard and M. V. Wickerhauser Abstract-- In the perspective of optimizing the control and operation of large scale process plants, it is important to detect and to locate
Effects of tropical cyclones on large-scale circulation and ocean heat transport in the South China Sea
suggests that effects of TC can penetrate deeper into the ocean. This deep effect may result from the nearEffects of tropical cyclones on large-scale circulation and ocean heat transport in the South China the influence of tropical cyclones (TCs) on large-scale circulation and ocean heat transport in the South China
Bayesian calibration of a large-scale geothermal reservoir model by a new adaptive delayed acceptance Metropolis Hastings algorithm
Fox, Colin
Bayesian calibration of a large-scale geothermal reservoir model by a new adaptive delayed of this research is to estimate the parameters of a large-scale numerical model of a geothermal reservoir using that technique. For the 3-D geothermal reservoir model we present here, ADAMH shows a great improvement
Predictive Modeling of Large-Scale Commercial Water Desalination Plants: Data-Based Neural Network and Model-Based Process
Liu, Y. A.
Predictive Modeling of Large-Scale Commercial Water Desalination Plants: Data-Based Neural Network for developing predictive models for large-scale commercial water desalination plants by (1) a data (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants in the world. Our resulting neural network
James E. O'Brien
Hydrogen can be produced from water splitting with relatively high efficiency using high-temperature electrolysis. This technology makes use of solid-oxide cells, running in the electrolysis mode to produce hydrogen from steam, while consuming electricity and high-temperature process heat. When coupled to an advanced high temperature nuclear reactor, the overall thermal-to-hydrogen efficiency for high-temperature electrolysis can be as high as 50%, which is about double the overall efficiency of conventional low-temperature electrolysis. Current large-scale hydrogen production is based almost exclusively on steam reforming of methane, a method that consumes a precious fossil fuel while emitting carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Demand for hydrogen is increasing rapidly for refining of increasingly low-grade petroleum resources, such as the Athabasca oil sands and for ammonia-based fertilizer production. Large quantities of hydrogen are also required for carbon-efficient conversion of biomass to liquid fuels. With supplemental nuclear hydrogen, almost all of the carbon in the biomass can be converted to liquid fuels in a nearly carbon-neutral fashion. Ultimately, hydrogen may be employed as a direct transportation fuel in a ōhydrogen economy.ö The large quantity of hydrogen that would be required for this concept should be produced without consuming fossil fuels or emitting greenhouse gases. An overview of the high-temperature electrolysis technology will be presented, including basic theory, modeling, and experimental activities. Modeling activities include both computational fluid dynamics and large-scale systems analysis. We have also demonstrated high-temperature electrolysis in our laboratory at the 15 kW scale, achieving a hydrogen production rate in excess of 5500 L/hr.
Large-scale functional models of visual cortex for remote sensing
Brumby, Steven P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kenyon, Garrett [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rasmussen, Craig E [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Swaminarayan, Sriram [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Bettencourt, Luis [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Landecker, Will [PORTLAND STATE UNIV.
Neuroscience has revealed many properties of neurons and of the functional organization of visual cortex that are believed to be essential to human vision, but are missing in standard artificial neural networks. Equally important may be the sheer scale of visual cortex requiring {approx}1 petaflop of computation. In a year, the retina delivers {approx}1 petapixel to the brain, leading to massively large opportunities for learning at many levels of the cortical system. We describe work at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to develop large-scale functional models of visual cortex on LANL's Roadrunner petaflop supercomputer. An initial run of a simple region VI code achieved 1.144 petaflops during trials at the IBM facility in Poughkeepsie, NY (June 2008). Here, we present criteria for assessing when a set of learned local representations is 'complete' along with general criteria for assessing computer vision models based on their projected scaling behavior. Finally, we extend one class of biologically-inspired learning models to problems of remote sensing imagery.
On the possible origin of the large scale cosmic magnetic field
Coroniti, F. V.
The possibility that the large scale cosmic magnetic field is directly generated at microgauss, equipartition levels during the reionization epoch by collisionless shocks that are forced to satisfy a downstream shear flow boundary condition is investigated through the development of two modelsŚthe accretion of an ionized plasma onto a weakly ionized cool galactic disk and onto a cool filament of the cosmic web. The dynamical structure and the physical parameters of the models are synthesized from recent cosmological simulations of the early reionization era after the formation of the first stars. The collisionless shock stands upstream of the disk and filament, and its dissipation is determined by ion inertial length Weibel turbulence. The downstream shear boundary condition is determined by the rotational neutral gas flow in the disk and the inward accretion flow along the filament. The shocked plasma is accelerated to the downstream shear flow velocity by the Weibel turbulence, and the relative shearing motion between the electrons and ions produces a strong, ion inertial scale current sheet that generates an equipartition strength, large scale downstream magnetic field, ?10{sup ¢6} G for the disk and ?6 ū 10{sup ¢8} G for the filament. By assumption, hydrodynamic turbulence transports the shear-shock generated magnetic flux throughout the disk and filament volume.
MRC B0319-454: Probing the large-scale structure with a giant radio galaxy
V. Safouris; R. Subrahmanyan; G. V. Bicknell; L. Saripalli
We present an investigation of the relationships between the radio properties of a giant radio galaxy MRC B0319-454 and the surrounding galaxy distribution with the aim of examining the influence of intergalactic gas and gravity associated with the large-scale structure on the evolution in the radio morphology. Our new radio continuum observations of the radio source, with high surface brightness sensitivity, images the asymmetries in the megaparsec-scale radio structure in total intensity and polarization. We compare these with the 3-D galaxy distribution derived from galaxy redshift surveys. Galaxy density gradients are observed along and perpendicular to the radio axis: the large-scale structure is consistent with a model wherein the galaxies trace the ambient intergalactic gas and the evolution of the radio structures are ram-pressure limited by this associated gas. Additionally, we have modeled the off-axis evolution of the south-west radio lobe as deflection of a buoyant jet backflow by a transverse gravitational field: the model is plausible if entrainment is small. The case study presented here is a demonstration that giant radio galaxies may be useful probes of the warm-hot intergalactic medium believed to be associated with moderately over dense galaxy distributions.
On the Soft Limit of the Large Scale Structure Power Spectrum: UV Dependence
Mathias Garny; Thomas Konstandin; Rafael A. Porto; Laura Sagunski
We derive a non-perturbative equation for the large scale structure power spectrum of long-wavelength modes. Thereby, we use an operator product expansion together with relations between the three-point function and power spectrum in the soft limit. The resulting equation encodes the coupling to ultraviolet (UV) modes in two time-dependent coefficients, which may be obtained from response functions to (anisotropic) parameters, such as spatial curvature, in a modified cosmology. We argue that both depend weakly on fluctuations deep in the UV. As a byproduct, this implies that the renormalized leading order coefficient(s) in the effective field theory (EFT) of large scale structures receive most of their contribution from modes close to the non-linear scale. Consequently, the UV dependence found in explicit computations within standard perturbation theory stems mostly from counter-term(s). We confront a simplified version of our non-perturbative equation against existent numerical simulations, and find good agreement within the expected uncertainties. Our approach can in principle be used to precisely infer the relevance of the leading order EFT coefficient(s) using small volume simulations in an `anisotropic separate universe' framework. Our results suggest that the importance of these coefficient(s) is a $\\sim 10 \\%$ effect, and plausibly smaller.
Large scale synthesis of nanostructured zirconia-based compounds from freeze-dried precursors
Gomez, A.; Villanueva, R.; Vie, D.; Murcia-Mascaros, S.; Martinez, E.; Beltran, A.; Sapina, F.; Vicent, M.; Sanchez, E.
Nanocrystalline zirconia powders have been obtained at the multigram scale by thermal decomposition of precursors resulting from the freeze-drying of aqueous acetic solutions. This technique has equally made possible to synthesize a variety of nanostructured yttria or scandia doped zirconia compositions. SEM images, as well as the analysis of the XRD patterns, show the nanoparticulated character of those solids obtained at low temperature, with typical particle size in the 10-15 nm range when prepared at 673 K. The presence of the monoclinic, the tetragonal or both phases depends on the temperature of the thermal treatment, the doping concentration and the nature of the dopant. In addition, Rietveld refinement of the XRD profiles of selected samples allows detecting the coexistence of the tetragonal and the cubic phases for high doping concentration and high thermal treatment temperatures. Raman experiments suggest the presence of both phases also at relatively low treatment temperatures. - Graphical abstract: Zr{sub 1-x}A{sub x}O{sub 2-x/2} (A=Y, Sc; 0{<=}x{<=}0.12) solid solutions have been prepared as nanostructured powders by thermal decomposition of precursors obtained by freeze-drying, and this synthetic procedure has been scaled up to the 100 g scale. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Zr{sub 1-x}A{sub x}O{sub 2-x/2} (A=Y, Sc; 0{<=}x{<=}0.12) solid solutions have been prepared as nanostructured powders. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The synthetic method involves the thermal decomposition of precursors obtained by freeze-drying. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The temperature of the thermal treatment controls particle sizes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The preparation procedure has been scaled up to the 100 g scale. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This method is appropriate for the large-scale industrial preparation of multimetallic systems.
Nonlinear Seismic Correlation Analysis of the JNES/NUPEC Large-Scale Piping System Tests.
Nie,J.; DeGrassi, G.; Hofmayer, C.; Ali, S.
The Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization/Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation (JNES/NUPEC) large-scale piping test program has provided valuable new test data on high level seismic elasto-plastic behavior and failure modes for typical nuclear power plant piping systems. The component and piping system tests demonstrated the strain ratcheting behavior that is expected to occur when a pressurized pipe is subjected to cyclic seismic loading. Under a collaboration agreement between the US and Japan on seismic issues, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)/Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) performed a correlation analysis of the large-scale piping system tests using derailed state-of-the-art nonlinear finite element models. Techniques are introduced to develop material models that can closely match the test data. The shaking table motions are examined. The analytical results are assessed in terms of the overall system responses and the strain ratcheting behavior at an elbow. The paper concludes with the insights about the accuracy of the analytical methods for use in performance assessments of highly nonlinear piping systems under large seismic motions.
Scalable, efficient ion-photon coupling with phase Fresnel lenses for large-scale quantum computing
E. W. Streed; B. G. Norton; J. J. Chapman; D. Kielpinski
Efficient ion-photon coupling is an important component for large-scale ion-trap quantum computing. We propose that arrays of phase Fresnel lenses (PFLs) are a favorable optical coupling technology to match with multi-zone ion traps. Both are scalable technologies based on conventional micro-fabrication techniques. The large numerical apertures (NAs) possible with PFLs can reduce the readout time for ion qubits. PFLs also provide good coherent ion-photon coupling by matching a large fraction of an ion's emission pattern to a single optical propagation mode (TEM00). To this end we have optically characterized a large numerical aperture phase Fresnel lens (NA=0.64) designed for use at 369.5 nm, the principal fluorescence detection transition for Yb+ ions. A diffraction-limited spot w0=350+/-15 nm (1/e^2 waist) with mode quality M^2= 1.08+/-0.05 was measured with this PFL. From this we estimate the minimum expected free space coherent ion-photon coupling to be 0.64%, which is twice the best previous experimental measurement using a conventional multi-element lens. We also evaluate two techniques for improving the entanglement fidelity between the ion state and photon polarization with large numerical aperture lenses.
On the dangers of using the growth equation on large scales in the Newtonian gauge
James B. Dent; Sourish Dutta
We examine the accuracy of the growth equation $\\ddot{\\delta} + 2H\\dot{\\delta} - 4\\pi G\\rho\\delta = 0$, which is ubiquitous in the cosmological literature, in the context of the Newtonian gauge. By comparing the growth predicted by this equation to a numerical solution of the linearized Einstein equations in the $\\Lambda$CDM scenario, we show that while this equation is a reliable approximation on small scales ($k\\gtrsim $h Mpc$^{-1}$), it can be disastrously inaccurate ($\\sim 10^4% $) on larger scales in this gauge. We propose a modified version of the growth equation for the Newtonian gauge, which while preserving the simplicity of the original equation, provides considerably more accurate results. We examine the implications of the failure of the growth equation on a few recent studies, aimed at discriminating general relativity from modified gravity, which use this equation as a starting point. We show that while the results of these studies are valid on small scales, they are not reliable on large scales or high redshifts, if one works in the Newtonian gauge. Finally, we discuss the growth equation in the synchronous gauge and show that the corrections to the Poisson equation are exactly equivalent to the difference between the overdensities in the synchronous and Newtonian gauges.
Small- and Large-scale Characterization and Mixing Properties in a Thermally Driven Thin Liquid Film
Michael Winkler; Markus Abel
Thin liquid films are nanoscopic elements of foams, emulsions and suspensions, and form a paradigm for nanochannel transport that eventually test the limits of hydrodynamic descriptions. Here we use classical dynamical systems characteristics to study the complex interplay of thermal convection, interface and gravitational forces which yields turbulent mixing and transport: Lyapunov exponents and entropies. We induce a stable two eddy convection in an extremely thin liquid film by applying a temperature gradient. Experimentally, we determine the small-scale dynamics using the motion and deformation of spots of equal size/equal color, we dubbed that technique "color imaging velocimetry". The large-scale dynamics is captured by encoding the left/right motion of the liquid directed to the left or right of the separatrix between the two rolls. This way, we characterize chaos of course mixing in this peculiar fluid geometry of a thin, free-standing liquid film.
Mars as a comet: Solar wind interaction on a large scale
Holmstrom, Mats
Looking at the Mars-solar wind interaction on a larger spatial scale than the near Mars region, the planet can be seen as an ion source interacting with the solar wind, in many ways like a comet, but with a smaller ion source region. Here we study the interaction between Mars and the solar wind using a hybrid model (particle ions and fluid electrons). We find that the solar wind is disturbed by Mars out to 100 Mars radii downstream of the planet, and beyond. On this large scale it is clear that the escaping ions can be classified into two different populations. A polar plume of ions picked-up by the solar wind, and a more fluid outflow of ions behind the planet. The outflow increases linear with the production up to levels of observed outflow rates, then the escape levels off for higher production rates.
Higher order corrections to the large scale matter power spectrum in the presence of massive neutrinos
Yvonne Y. Y. Wong
We present the first systematic derivation of the one-loop correction to the large scale matter power spectrum in a mixed cold+hot dark matter cosmology with subdominant massive neutrino hot dark matter. Starting with the equations of motion for the density and velocity fields, we derive perturbative solutions to these quantities and construct recursion relations for the interaction kernels, noting and justifying all approximations along the way. We find interaction kernels similar to those for a cold dark matter-only universe, but with additional dependences on the neutrino energy density fraction f_nu and the linear growth functions of the incoming wavevectors. Compared with the f_nu=0 case, the one-loop corrected matter power spectrum for a mixed dark matter cosmology exhibits a decrease in small scale power exceeding the canonical ~8 f_nu suppression predicted by linear theory, a feature also seen in multi-component N-body simulations.
Conceptual Framework and Levels of Abstraction for a Complex Large-Scale System
Simpson, Mary J.
A conceptual framework and levels of abstraction are created to apply across all potential threats. Bioterrorism is used as a complex example to describe the general framework. Bioterrorism is unlimited with respect to the use of a specific agent, mode of dissemination, and potential target. Because the threat is open-ended, there is a strong need for a common, systemic understanding of attack scenarios related to bioterrorism. In recognition of this large-scale complex problem, systems are being created to define, design and use the proper level of abstraction and conceptual framework in bioterrorism. The wide variety of biological agents and delivery mechanisms provide an opportunity for dynamic scale changes by the linking or interlinking of existing threat components. Concurrent impacts must be separated and evaluated in terms of a given environment and/or æabstraction framework.Æ
Disk Accretion Flow Driven by Large-Scale Magnetic Fields: Solutions with Constant Specific Energy
Li-Xin Li
(Abridged) We study the dynamical evolution of a stationary, axisymmetric, and perfectly conducting cold accretion disk containing a large-scale magnetic field around a Kerr black hole, trying to understand the relation between accretion and the transportation of angular momentum and energy. We solve the radial momentum equation for solutions corresponding to an accretion flow that starts from a subsonic state at infinity, smoothly passes the fast critical point, then supersonically falls into the horizon of the black hole. The solutions always have the following features: 1) The specific energy of fluid particles remains constant but the specific angular momentum is effectively removed by the magnetic field. 2) At large radii, where the disk motion is dominantly rotational, the energy density of the magnetic field is equipartitioned with the rotational energy density of the disk. 3) Inside the fast critical point, where radial motion becomes important, the ratio of the electromagnetic energy density to the kinetic energy density drops quickly. The results indicate that: 1) Disk accretion does not necessarily imply energy dissipation since magnetic fields do not have to transport or dissipate a lot of energy as they effectively transport angular momentum. 2) When resistivity is small, the large-scale magnetic field is amplified by the shearing rotation of the disk until the magnetic energy density is equipartitioned with the rotational energy density, ending up with a geometrically thick disk. This is in contrast with the evolution of small-scale magnetic fields where if the resistivity is nonzero the magnetic energy density is likely to be equipartitioned with the kinetic energy density associated with local random motions (e.g., turbulence), making a thin Keplerian disk possible.
Power spectrum of large-scale magnetic fields from Gravitoelectromagnetic inflation with a decaying cosmological parameter
Federico Agustin Membiela; Mauricio Bellini
Introducing a variable cosmological parameter $\\Lambda (t)$ in a geometrical manner from a 5D Riemann-flat metric, we investigate the origin and evolution of primordial magnetic fields in the early universe, when the expansion is governed by a cosmological parameter $\\Lambda (t)$ that decreases with time. Using the gravitoelectromagnetic inflationary formalism, but without the Feynman gauge, we obtain the power of spectrums for large-scale magnetic fields and the inflaton field fluctuations during inflation. A very important fact is that our formalism is {\\em naturally non-conformally invariant}.
Study of the performance of a large scale water-Cherenkov detector (MEMPHYS)
L. Agostino; M. Buizza-Avanzini; M. Dracos; D. Duchesneau; M. Marafini; M. Mezzetto; L. Mosca; T. Patzak; A. Tonazzo; N. Vassilopoulos
MEMPHYS (MEgaton Mass PHYSics) is a proposed large-scale water Cherenkov experiment to be performed deep underground. It is dedicated to nucleon decay searches, neutrinos from supernovae, solar and atmospheric neutrinos, as well as neutrinos from a future Super-Beam or Beta-Beam to measure the CP violating phase in the leptonic sector and the mass hierarchy. A full simulation of the detector has been performed to evaluate its performance for beam physics. The results are given in terms of "Migration Matrices" of reconstructed versus true neutrino energy, taking into account all the experimental effects.
Networks of silicon nanowires: A large-scale atomistic electronic structure analysis
Kele?, ▄mit; Bulutay, Ceyhun; Liedke, Bartosz; Heinig, Karl-Heinz
Networks of silicon nanowires possess intriguing electronic properties surpassing the predictions based on quantum confinement of individual nanowires. Employing large-scale atomistic pseudopotential computations, as yet unexplored branched nanostructures are investigated in the subsystem level as well as in full assembly. The end product is a simple but versatile expression for the bandgap and band edge alignments of multiply-crossing Si nanowires for various diameters, number of crossings, and wire orientations. Further progress along this line can potentially topple the bottom-up approach for Si nanowire networks to a top-down design by starting with functionality and leading to an enabling structure.
G. B. Dalton
The APM Cluster Survey was based on a modification of Abell's original classification scheme for galaxy clusters. Here we discuss the results of an investigation of the stability of the statistical properties of the cluster catalogue to changes in the selection parameters. For a poor choice of selection parameters we find clear indications of line-of-sight clusters, but there is a wide range of input parameters for which the statistical properties of the catalogue are stable. We conclude that clusters selected in this way are indeed useful as tracers of large-scale structure.
Large-Scale Field Study of Landfill Covers at Sandia National Laboratories
Dwyer, S.F.
A large-scale field demonstration comparing final landfill cover designs has been constructed and is currently being monitored at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Two conventional designs (a RCRA Subtitle `D' Soil Cover and a RCRA Subtitle `C' Compacted Clay Cover) were constructed side-by-side with four alternative cover test plots designed for dry environments. The demonstration is intended to evaluate the various cover designs based on their respective water balance performance, ease and reliability of construction, and cost. This paper presents an overview of the ongoing demonstration.
Materials Science and Materials Chemistry for Large Scale Electrochemical Energy Storage: From Transportation to Electrical Grid
Liu, Jun; Zhang, Jiguang; Yang, Zhenguo; Lemmon, John P.; Imhoff, Carl H.; Graff, Gordon L.; Li, Liyu; Hu, Jian Z.; Wang, Chong M.; Xiao, Jie; Xia, Guanguang; Viswanathan, Vilayanur V.; Baskaran, Suresh; Sprenkle, Vincent L.; Li, Xiaolin; Shao, Yuyan; Schwenzer, Birgit
Large-scale electrical energy storage has become more important than ever for reducing fossil energy consumption in transportation and for the widespread deployment of intermittent renewable energy in electric grid. However, significant challenges exist for its applications. Here, the status and challenges are reviewed from the perspective of materials science and materials chemistry in electrochemical energy storage technologies, such as Li-ion batteries, sodium (sulfur and metal halide) batteries, Pb-acid battery, redox flow batteries, and supercapacitors. Perspectives and approaches are introduced for emerging battery designs and new chemistry combinations to reduce the cost of energy storage devices.
Modulational instability, wave breaking and formation of large scale dipoles in the atmosphere
A. Iafrati; A. Babanin; M. Onorato
In the present Letter we use the Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the Navier-Stokes equation for a two-phase flow (water and air) to study the dynamics of the modulational instability of free surface waves and its contribution to the interaction between ocean and atmosphere. If the steepness of the initial wave is large enough, we observe a wave breaking and the formation of large scale dipole structures in the air. Because of the multiple steepening and breaking of the waves under unstable wave packets, a train of dipoles is released and propagate in the atmosphere at a height comparable with the wave length. The amount of energy dissipated by the breaker in water and air is considered and, contrary to expectations, we observe that the energy dissipation in air is larger than the one in the water. Possible consequences on the wave modelling and on the exchange of aerosols and gases between air and water are discussed.
Detecting and mitigating abnormal events in large scale networks: budget constrained placement on smart grids
Santhi, Nandakishore; Pan, Feng
Several scenarios exist in the modern interconnected world which call for an efficient network interdiction algorithm. Applications are varied, including various monitoring and load shedding applications on large smart energy grids, computer network security, preventing the spread of Internet worms and malware, policing international smuggling networks, and controlling the spread of diseases. In this paper we consider some natural network optimization questions related to the budget constrained interdiction problem over general graphs, specifically focusing on the sensor/switch placement problem for large-scale energy grids. Many of these questions turn out to be computationally hard to tackle. We present a particular form of the interdiction question which is practically relevant and which we show as computationally tractable. A polynomial-time algorithm will be presented for solving this problem.
High resolution seismic reflection to characterize small scale mechanisms of large scale natural dissolution in the Hutchinson Salt Member
Judy, Brett
High resolution seismic reflection imaging of the local scale processes along the eastern natural dissolution front of the Hutchinson Salt Member were correlated with its regional scale progression to define a more complete dissolution model...
Large Scale Ice Water Path and 3-D Ice Water Content
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
Liu, Guosheng
Cloud ice water concentration is one of the most important, yet poorly observed, cloud properties. Developing physical parameterizations used in general circulation models through single-column modeling is one of the key foci of the ARM program. In addition to the vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor and condensed water at the model grids, large-scale horizontal advective tendencies of these variables are also required as forcing terms in the single-column models. Observed horizontal advection of condensed water has not been available because the radar/lidar/radiometer observations at the ARM site are single-point measurement, therefore, do not provide horizontal distribution of condensed water. The intention of this product is to provide large-scale distribution of cloud ice water by merging available surface and satellite measurements. The satellite cloud ice water algorithm uses ARM ground-based measurements as baseline, produces datasets for 3-D cloud ice water distributions in a 10 deg x 10 deg area near ARM site. The approach of the study is to expand a (surface) point measurement to an (satellite) areal measurement. That is, this study takes the advantage of the high quality cloud measurements at the point of ARM site. We use the cloud characteristics derived from the point measurement to guide/constrain satellite retrieval, then use the satellite algorithm to derive the cloud ice water distributions within an area, i.e., 10 deg x 10 deg centered at ARM site.
PowerGrid - A Computation Engine for Large-Scale Electric Networks
Chika Nwankpa
This Final Report discusses work on an approach for analog emulation of large scale power systems using Analog Behavioral Models (ABMs) and analog devices in PSpice design environment. ABMs are models based on sets of mathematical equations or transfer functions describing the behavior of a circuit element or an analog building block. The ABM concept provides an efficient strategy for feasibility analysis, quick insight of developing top-down design methodology of large systems and model verification prior to full structural design and implementation. Analog emulation in this report uses an electric circuit equivalent of mathematical equations and scaled relationships that describe the states and behavior of a real power system to create its solution trajectory. The speed of analog solutions is as quick as the responses of the circuit itself. Emulation therefore is the representation of desired physical characteristics of a real life object using an electric circuit equivalent. The circuit equivalent has within it, the model of a real system as well as the method of solution. This report presents a methodology of the core computation through development of ABMs for generators, transmission lines and loads. Results of ABMs used for the case of 3, 6, and 14 bus power systems are presented and compared with industrial grade numerical simulators for validation.
Large Scale Ice Water Path and 3-D Ice Water Content
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
Liu, Guosheng
Cloud ice water concentration is one of the most important, yet poorly observed, cloud properties. Developing physical parameterizations used in general circulation models through single-column modeling is one of the key foci of the ARM program. In addition to the vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor and condensed water at the model grids, large-scale horizontal advective tendencies of these variables are also required as forcing terms in the single-column models. Observed horizontal advection of condensed water has not been available because the radar/lidar/radiometer observations at the ARM site are single-point measurement, therefore, do not provide horizontal distribution of condensed water. The intention of this product is to provide large-scale distribution of cloud ice water by merging available surface and satellite measurements. The satellite cloud ice water algorithm uses ARM ground-based measurements as baseline, produces datasets for 3-D cloud ice water distributions in a 10 deg x 10 deg area near ARM site. The approach of the study is to expand a (surface) point measurement to an (satellite) areal measurement. That is, this study takes the advantage of the high quality cloud measurements at the point of ARM site. We use the cloud characteristics derived from the point measurement to guide/constrain satellite retrieval, then use the satellite algorithm to derive the cloud ice water distributions within an area, i.e., 10 deg x 10 deg centered at ARM site.
Modeling the large-scale structure of a barchan dune field
S. Worman; A. B. Murray; R. Littlewood; B. Andreotti; P. Claudin
In nature, barchan dunes typically exist as members of larger fields that display striking, enigmatic structures that cannot be readily explained by examining the dynamics at the scale of single dunes, or by appealing to patterns in external forcing. To explore the possibility that observed structures emerge spontaneously as a collective result of many dunes interacting with each other, we built a numerical model that treats barchans as discrete entities that interact with one another according to simplified rules derived from theoretical and numerical work and from field observations: (1) Dunes exchange sand through the fluxes that leak from the downwind side of each dune and are captured on their upstream sides; (2) when dunes become sufficiently large, small dunes are born on their downwind sides (`calving'); and (3) when dunes collide directly enough, they merge. Results show that these relatively simple interactions provide potential explanations for a range of field-scale phenomena including isolated patches of dunes and heterogeneous arrangements of similarly sized dunes in denser fields. The results also suggest that (1) dune field characteristics depend on the sand flux fed into the upwind boundary, although (2) moving downwind, the system approaches a common attracting state in which the memory of the upwind conditions vanishes. This work supports the hypothesis that calving exerts a first-order control on field-scale phenomena; it prevents individual dunes from growing without bound, as single-dune analyses suggest, and allows the formation of roughly realistic, persistent dune field patterns.
Primordial Magnetic Field Effects on the CMB and Large-Scale Structure
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Yamazaki, Dai G.; Ichiki, Kiyotomo; Kajino, Toshitaka; Mathews, Grant J.
Magnetic fields are everywhere in nature, and they play an important role in every astronomical environment which involves the formation of plasma and currents. It is natural therefore to suppose that magnetic fields could be present in the turbulent high-temperature environment of the big bang. Such a primordial magnetic field (PMF) would be expected to manifest itself in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropies, and also in the formation of large-scale structure. In this paper, we summarize the theoretical framework which we have developed to calculate the PMF power spectrum to high precision. Using this formulation, wemoreĀ╗summarize calculations of the effects of a PMF which take accurate quantitative account of the time evolution of the cutoff scale. We review the constructed numerical program, which is without approximation, and an improvement over the approach used in a number of previous works for studying the effect of the PMF on the cosmological perturbations. We demonstrate how the PMF is an important cosmological physical process on small scales. We also summarize the current constraints on the PMF amplitudeB?and the power spectral indexnBwhich have been deduced from the available CMB observational data by using our computational framework.½Āless
Microbranching in mode-I fracture using large scale simulations of amorphous and perturbed lattice models
Shay I. Heizler; David A. Kessler
We study the high-velocity regime mode-I fracture instability when small microbranches start to appear near the main crack, using large scale simulations. Some of the features of those microbranches have been reproduced qualitatively in smaller scale studies (using ${\\cal O}(10^4)$ atoms) on both a model of an amorphous materials (via the continuous random network model) and using perturbed lattice models. In this study, larger scale simulations (${\\cal O}(10^6)$ atoms) were performed using multi-threading computing on a GPU device, in order to achieve more physically realistic results. First, we find that the microbranching pattern appears to be converging with the lattice width. Second, the simulations reproduce the growth of the size of a microbranch as a function of the crack velocity, as well as the increase of the amplitude of the derivative of the electrical resistance RMS with respect to the time as a function of the crack velocity. In addition, the simulations yield the correct branching angle of the microbranches, and the power law governing the shape of the microbranches seems to be lower than one, so that the side cracks turn over in the direction of propagation of the main crack as seen in experiment.
Combined Climate and Carbon-Cycle Effects of Large-Scale Deforestation
Bala, G; Caldeira, K; Wickett, M; Phillips, T J; Lobell, D B; Delire, C; Mirin, A
The prevention of deforestation and promotion of afforestation have often been cited as strategies to slow global warming. Deforestation releases CO{sub 2} to the atmosphere, which exerts a warming influence on Earth's climate. However, biophysical effects of deforestation, which include changes in land surface albedo, evapotranspiration, and cloud cover also affect climate. Here we present results from several large-scale deforestation experiments performed with a three-dimensional coupled global carbon-cycle and climate model. These are the first such simulations performed using a fully three-dimensional model representing physical and biogeochemical interactions among land, atmosphere, and ocean. We find that global-scale deforestation has a net cooling influence on Earth's climate, since the warming carbon-cycle effects of deforestation are overwhelmed by the net cooling associated with changes in albedo and evapotranspiration. Latitude-specific deforestation experiments indicate that afforestation projects in the tropics would be clearly beneficial in mitigating global-scale warming, but would be counterproductive if implemented at high latitudes and would offer only marginal benefits in temperate regions. While these results question the efficacy of mid- and high-latitude afforestation projects for climate mitigation, forests remain environmentally valuable resources for many reasons unrelated to climate.
Calculation of large scale relative permeabilities from stochastic properties of the permeability field and fluid properties
Lenormand, R.; Thiele, M.R.
The paper describes the method and presents preliminary results for the calculation of homogenized relative permeabilities
FY results for the Los Alamos large scale demonstration and deployment project
Stallings, E.; McFee, J.
The Los Alamos Large Scale Demonstration and Deployment Project (LSDDP) in support of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Deactivation and Decommissioning Focus Area (DDFA) is identifying and demonstrating technologies to reduce the cost and risk of management of transuranic element contaminated large metal objects, i.e. gloveboxes. DOE must dispose of hundreds of gloveboxes from Rocky Flats, Los Alamos and other DOE sites. Current practices for removal, decontamination and size reduction of large metal objects translates to a DOE system-wide cost in excess of $800 million, without disposal costs. In FY99 and FY00 the Los Alamos LSDDP performed several demonstrations on cost/risk savings technologies. Commercial air pallets were demonstrated for movement and positioning of the oversized crates in neutron counting equipment. The air pallets are able to cost effectively address the complete waste management inventory, whereas the baseline wheeled carts could address only 25% of the inventory with higher manpower costs. A gamma interrogation radiography technology was demonstrated to support characterization of the crates. The technology was developed for radiography of trucks for identification of contraband. The radiographs were extremely useful in guiding the selection and method for opening very large crated metal objects. The cost of the radiography was small and the operating benefit is high. Another demonstration compared a Blade Cutting Plunger and reciprocating saw for removal of glovebox legs and appurtenances. The cost comparison showed that the Blade Cutting Plunger costs were comparable, and a significant safety advantage was reported. A second radiography demonstration was conducted evaluation of a technology based on WIPP-type x-ray characterization of large boxes. This technology provides considerable detail of the contents of the crates. The technology identified details as small as the fasteners in the crates, an unpunctured aerosol can, and a vessel containing liquids. The cost of this technology is higher than the gamma interrogation technique, but the detail provided is much greater.
Large-scale Gadolinium-doped Water Cerenkov Detector for Non-Proliferation
M. Sweany; A. Bernstein; N. S. Bowden; S. Dazeley; G. Keefer; R. Svoboda; M. Tripathi
Fission events from Special Nuclear Material (SNM), such as highly enriched uranium or plutonium, can produce simultaneous emission of multiple neutrons and high energy gamma-rays. The observation of time correlations between any of these particles is a significant indicator of the presence of fissionable material. Cosmogenic processes can also mimic these types of correlated signals. However, if the background is sufficiently low and fully characterized, significant changes in the correlated event rate in the presence of a target of interest constitutes a robust signature of the presence of SNM. Since fission emissions are isotropic, adequate sensitivity to these multiplicities requires a high efficiency detector with a large solid angle with respect to the target. Water Cerenkov detectors are a cost-effective choice when large solid angle coverage is required. In order to characterize the neutron detection performance of large-scale water Cerenkov detectors, we have designed and built a 3.5 kL water Cerenkov-based gamma-ray and neutron detector, and modeled the detector response in Geant4 [1]. We report the position-dependent neutron detection efficiency and energy response of the detector, as well as the basic characteristics of the simulation.
Optimizing Cluster Heads for Energy Efficiency in Large-Scale Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Gu, Yi; Wu, Qishi; Rao, Nageswara S. V.
Many complex sensor network applications require deploying a large number of inexpensive and small sensors in a vast geographical region to achieve quality through quantity. Hierarchical clustering is generally considered as an efficient and scalable way to facilitate the management and operation of such large-scale networks and minimize the total energy consumption for prolonged lifetime. Judicious selection of cluster heads for data integration and communication is critical to the success of applications based on hierarchical sensor networks organized as layered clusters. We investigate the problem of selecting sensor nodes in a predeployed sensor network to be the cluster headsmoreĀ╗to minimize the total energy needed for data gathering. We rigorously derive an analytical formula to optimize the number of cluster heads in sensor networks under uniform node distribution, and propose a Distance-based Crowdedness Clustering algorithm to determine the cluster heads in sensor networks under general node distribution. The results from an extensive set of experiments on a large number of simulated sensor networks illustrate the performance superiority of the proposed solution over the clustering schemes based on k -means algorithm. ½Āless
A MEASUREMENT OF ANISOTROPY IN THE COSMIC BACKGROUND RADIATION ON A LARGE ANGULAR SCALE AT 33 GHz
Gorenstein, M.V.
system to map the cosmic background radiation Marc V.System to Map the Cosmic Background Radiation Appendix C -map large angular scale variations in the temperature of the 3 K cosmic background radiation.
Solar Power in the Desert: Are the current large-scale solar developments really improving CaliforniaÆs environment?
Allen, Michael F.; McHughen, Alan
D EVELOPMENT I SSUES Solar Power in the Desert: Are the2 Most of the large-scale solar power projects utilize largethat will be affected by solar power facilities. There are
The Role of the state in large-scale hydropower development perspectives from Chile, Ecuador, and Per·
Zambrano-Barragßn, Patricio Xavier
In recent years, governments in South America have turned to large-scale hydropower as a cost-effective way to improve livelihoods while addressing the energy 'trilemma': ensuring that future energy technologies provide ...
The value of electricity storage under large-scale penetration of renewable energy : a hybrid modeling approach
Octaviano Villasana, Claudia Alejandra
Due to the physics of electricity, and the current high costs of storage technologies, electricity generation and demand need to be instantaneously balanced at all times. The large-scale deployment of intermittent renewables ...
Impact of Potential Large-Scale Irrigation on the West African Monsoon and Its Dependence on Location of Irrigated Area
Im, Eun-Soon
This study investigates the impact of potential large-scale irrigation on the West African monsoon using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology regional climate model (MRCM). A new irrigation module is implemented to ...
Generation of acoustic-gravity waves in ionospheric HF heating experiments : simulating large-scale natural heat sources
Pradipta, Rezy
In this thesis, we investigate the potential role played by large-scale anomalous heat sources (e.g. prolonged heat wave events) in generating acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) that might trigger widespread plasma turbulence ...
Agile project dynamics : a strategic project management approach to the study of large-scale software development using system dynamics
Glaiel, Firas (Firas S.)
Large-scale software engineering organizations have traditionally used plan-driven, heavyweight, waterfall-style approaches for the planning, execution, and monitoring of software development efforts. This approach often ...
The Association of Large-Scale Climate Variability and Teleconnections on Wind Energy Resource over Europe and its Intermittency
Kriesche, Pascal
In times of increasing importance of wind power in the worldÆs energy mix, this study focuses on a better understanding of the influences of large-scale climate variability on wind power resource over Europe. The impact ...
Yang Shangbin; Zhang Hongqi
To investigate the characteristics of large-scale and long-term evolution of magnetic helicity with solar cycles, we use the method of Local Correlation Tracking to estimate the magnetic helicity evolution over solar cycle 23 from 1996 to 2009 using 795 MDI magnetic synoptic charts. The main results are as follows: the hemispheric helicity rule still holds in general, i.e., the large-scale negative (positive) magnetic helicity dominates the northern (southern) hemisphere. However, the large-scale magnetic helicity fluxes show the same sign in both hemispheres around 2001 and 2005. The global, large-scale magnetic helicity flux over the solar disk changes from a negative value at the beginning of solar cycle 23 to a positive value at the end of the cycle, while the net accumulated magnetic helicity is negative in the period between 1996 and 2009.
Comparison of prestellar core elongations and large-scale molecular cloud structures in the Lupus I region
Poidevin, Frķdķrick; Ade, Peter A. R.; Hargrave, Peter C.; Nutter, David; Angile, Francesco E.; Devlin, Mark J.; Klein, Jeffrey; Benton, Steven J.; Netterfield, Calvin B.; Chapin, Edward L.; Fissel, Laura M.; Gandilo, Natalie N.; Fukui, Yasuo; Gundersen, Joshua O.; Korotkov, Andrei L.; Matthews, Tristan G.; Novak, Giles; Moncelsi, Lorenzo; Mroczkowski, Tony K.; Olmi, Luca; and others
Turbulence and magnetic fields are expected to be important for regulating molecular cloud formation and evolution. However, their effects on sub-parsec to 100 parsec scales, leading to the formation of starless cores, are not well understood. We investigate the prestellar core structure morphologies obtained from analysis of the Herschel-SPIRE 350 ?m maps of the Lupus I cloud. This distribution is first compared on a statistical basis to the large-scale shape of the main filament. We find the distribution of the elongation position angle of the cores to be consistent with a random distribution, which means no specific orientation of the morphology of the cores is observed with respect to the mean orientation of the large-scale filament in Lupus I, nor relative to a large-scale bent filament model. This distribution is also compared to the mean orientation of the large-scale magnetic fields probed at 350 ?m with the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Telescope for Polarimetry during its 2010 campaign. Here again we do not find any correlation between the core morphology distribution and the average orientation of the magnetic fields on parsec scales. Our main conclusion is that the local filament dynamicsŚincluding secondary filaments that often run orthogonally to the primary filamentŚand possibly small-scale variations in the local magnetic field direction, could be the dominant factors for explaining the final orientation of each core.
mutant libraries for several model organisms permits the large-scale investigation of phenotypic sensitivities across the entire genome,
Stockwell, Brent R.
mutant libraries for several model organisms permits the large-scale investigation of phenotypic interference libraries5,6. However, genetic perturbations are labor intensive, cannot resolve protein functions and pathways11,12. With the arrival of genome-scale mutant libraries, comprehensive combina- tion genetic
The cosmic ray muon tomography facility based on large scale MRPC detector
Xuewu Wang; Ming Zeng; Zhi Zeng; Yi Wang; Ziran Zhao; Xiaoguang Yue; Zhifei Luo; Hengguan Yi; Baihui Yu; Jianping Cheng
Cosmic ray muon tomography is a novel technology to detect high-Z material. A prototype of TUMUTY with 73.6 cm x 73.6 cm large scale position sensitive MRPC detectors has been developed and is introduced in this paper. Three test kits have been tested and image is reconstructed using MAP algorithm. The reconstruction results show that the prototype is working well and the objects with complex structure and small size (20 mm) can be imaged on it, while the high-Z material is distinguishable from the low-Z one. This prototype provides a good platform for our further studies of the physical characteristics and the performances of cosmic ray muon tomography.
Large-scale, realistic laboratory modeling of M2 internal tide generation at the Luzon Strait
Mercier, Matthieu J; Helfrich, Karl; Sommeria, Joļl; Viboud, Samuel; Didelle, Henri; Saidi, Sasan; Dauxois, Thierry; Peacock, Thomas
The complex double-ridge system in the Luzon Strait in the South China Sea (SCS) is one of the strongest sources of internal tides in the oceans, associated with which are some of the largest amplitude internal solitary waves on record. An issue of debate, however, has been the specific nature of their generation mechanism. To provide insight, we present the results of a large-scale laboratory experiment performed at the Coriolis platform. The experiment was carefully designed so that the relevant dimensionless parameters, which include the excursion parameter, criticality, Rossby, and Froude numbers, closely matched the ocean scenario. The results advocate that a broad and coherent weakly nonlinear, three-dimensional, M2 internal tide that is shaped by the overall geometry of the double-ridge system is radiated into the South China Sea and subsequently steepens, as opposed to being generated by a particular feature or localized region within the ridge system.
SPS WANF Dismantling: A Large Scale-Decommissioning Project at CERN
Evrard, S; Conan, N; De Paoli, D; Efthymiopoulos, I; Fumey, S; Gaillard, H; Grenard, J L; Grenier, D; Pardons, A; Paulat, E; Seraphin, Y; Tavlet, M; Theis, C; Vincke, H
The operation of the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) West Area Neutrino Facility (WANF) was halted in 1998. In 2010 a large scale-decommissioning of this facility was conducted. Besides CERNÆs commitment to remove non-operational facilities, the additional motivation was the use of the installation (underground tunnels and available infrastructure) for the new HiRadMat facility, which is designed to study the impact of high-intensity pulsed beams on accelerator components and materials. The removal of 800 tons of radioactive equipment and the waste management according to the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principles were two major challenges. This paper describes the solutions implemented and the lessons learnt confirming that the decommissioning phase of a particle accelerator must be carefully studied as from the design stage.
A review of large-scale LNG spills : experiment and modeling.
Luketa-Hanlin, Anay Josephine
The prediction of the possible hazards associated with the storage and transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by ship has motivated a substantial number of experimental and analytical studies. This paper reviews the experimental and analytical work performed to date on large-scale spills of LNG. Specifically, experiments on the dispersion of LNG, as well as experiments of LNG fires from spills on water and land are reviewed. Explosion, pool boiling, and rapid phase transition (RPT) explosion studies are described and discussed, as well as models used to predict dispersion and thermal hazard distances. Although there have been significant advances in understanding the behavior of LNG spills, technical knowledge gaps to improve hazard prediction are identified. Some of these gaps can be addressed with current modeling and testing capabilities. A discussion of the state of knowledge and recommendations to further improve the understanding of the behavior of LNG spills on water is provided.
Detection of the effect of cosmological large-scale structure on the orientation of galaxies
Ignacio Trujillo; Conrado Carretero; Santiago G. Patiri
Galaxies are not distributed randomly throughout space but are instead arranged in an intricate "cosmic web" of filaments and walls surrounding bubble-like voids. There is still no compelling observational evidence of a link between the structure of the cosmic web and how galaxies form within it. However, such a connection is expected on the basis of our understanding of the origin of galaxy angular momentum: disk galaxies should be highly inclined relative to the plane defined by the large-scale structure surrounding them. Using the two largest galaxy redshift surveys currently in existence (2dFGRS and SDSS) we show at the 99.7% confident level that these alignments do indeed exist: spiral galaxies located on the shells of the largest cosmic voids have rotation axes that lie preferentially on the void surface.
Large scale three-dimensional topology optimisation of heat sinks cooled by natural convection
Alexandersen, Joe; Aage, Niels
This work presents the application of density-based topology optimisation to the design of three-dimensional heat sinks cooled by natural convection. The governing equations are the steady-state incompressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled to the thermal convection-diffusion equation through the Bousinessq approximation. The fully coupled non-linear multiphysics system is solved using stabilised trilinear equal-order finite elements in a parallel framework allowing for the optimisation of large scale problems with order of 40-330 million state degrees of freedom. The flow is assumed to be laminar and several optimised designs are presented for Grashof numbers between $10^3$ and $10^6$. Interestingly, it is observed that the number of branches in the optimised design increases with increasing Grashof numbers, which is opposite to two-dimensional optimised designs.
Large Scale Structure in the Local Universe: The 2MASS Galaxy Catalog
Thomas Jarrett
Using twin ground-based telescopes, the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) scanned both equatorial hemi- spheres, detecting more than 500 million stars and resolving more than 1.5 million galaxies in the near-infrared (1 - 2.2 microns) bands. The Extended Source "Galaxy" Catalog (XSC) embodies both photometric and astrometric whole sky uniformity, revealing large scale structures in the local Universe and extending our view into the Milky Way's dust-obscured "Zone of Avoidance." The XSC represents a uniquely unbiased sample of "normal" galaxies, particularly sensitive to the underlying, dominant, stellar mass component of galaxies. The basic properties of the XSC, including photometric sensitivity, source counts, and spatial distribution are presented here. We illustrate the spatial clustering properties, ranging from interacting galaxies to groups and clusters, and finally to the largest "cosmic web" of superclusters spanning the sky.
Aerodynamic force measurement on a large-scale model in a short duration test facility
Tanno, H.; Kodera, M.; Komuro, T.; Sato, K.; Takahasi, M.; Itoh, K.
A force measurement technique has been developed for large-scale aerodynamic models with a short test time. The technique is based on direct acceleration measurements, with miniature accelerometers mounted on a test model suspended by wires. Measuring acceleration at two different locations, the technique can eliminate oscillations from natural vibration of the model. The technique was used for drag force measurements on a 3 m long supersonic combustor model in the HIEST free-piston driven shock tunnel. A time resolution of 350 {mu}s is guaranteed during measurements, whose resolution is enough for ms order test time in HIEST. To evaluate measurement reliability and accuracy, measured values were compared with results from a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes numerical simulation. The difference between measured values and numerical simulation values was less than 5%. We conclude that this measurement technique is sufficiently reliable for measuring aerodynamic force within test durations of 1 ms.
Large-Scale Computational Screening of Zeolites for Ethane/Ethene Separation
Kim, J; Lin, LC; Martin, RL; Swisher, JA; Haranczyk, M; Smit, B
Large-scale computational screening of thirty thousand zeolite structures was conducted to find optimal structures for seperation of ethane/ethene mixtures. Efficient grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were performed with graphics processing units (GPUs) to obtain pure component adsorption isotherms for both ethane and ethene. We have utilized the ideal adsorbed solution theory (LAST) to obtain the mixture isotherms, which were used to evaluate the performance of each zeolite structure based on its working capacity and selectivity. In our analysis, we have determined that specific arrangements of zeolite framework atoms create sites for the preferential adsorption of ethane over ethene. The majority of optimum separation materials can be identified by utilizing this knowledge and screening structures for the presence of this feature will enable the efficient selection of promising candidate materials for ethane/ethene separation prior to performing molecular simulations.
Aerosols released during large-scale integral MCCI tests in the ACE Program
Fink, J.K.; Thompson, D.H.; Spencer, B.W.; Sehgal, B.R.
As part of the internationally sponsored Advanced Containment Experiments (ACE) program, seven large-scale experiments on molten core concrete interactions (MCCIs) have been performed at Argonne National Laboratory. One of the objectives of these experiments is to collect and characterize all the aerosols released from the MCCIs. Aerosols released from experiments using four types of concrete (siliceous, limestone/common sand, serpentine, and limestone/limestone) and a range of metal oxidation for both BWR and PWR reactor core material have been collected and characterized. Release fractions were determined for UO{sup 2}, Zr, the fission-products: BaO, SrO, La{sub 2}O{sub 3}, CeO{sub 2}, MoO{sub 2}, Te, Ru, and control materials: Ag, In, and B{sub 4}C. Release fractions of UO{sub 2} and the fission products other than Te were small in all tests. However, release of control materials was significant.
Aerosols released during large-scale integral MCCI tests in the ACE Program
Fink, J.K.; Thompson, D.H.; Spencer, B.W. ); Sehgal, B.R. )
As part of the internationally sponsored Advanced Containment Experiments (ACE) program, seven large-scale experiments on molten core concrete interactions (MCCIs) have been performed at Argonne National Laboratory. One of the objectives of these experiments is to collect and characterize all the aerosols released from the MCCIs. Aerosols released from experiments using four types of concrete (siliceous, limestone/common sand, serpentine, and limestone/limestone) and a range of metal oxidation for both BWR and PWR reactor core material have been collected and characterized. Release fractions were determined for UO{sup 2}, Zr, the fission-products: BaO, SrO, La{sub 2}O{sub 3}, CeO{sub 2}, MoO{sub 2}, Te, Ru, and control materials: Ag, In, and B{sub 4}C. Release fractions of UO{sub 2} and the fission products other than Te were small in all tests. However, release of control materials was significant.
Large-scale production of anhydrous nitric acid and nitric acid solutions of dinitrogen pentoxide
Harrar, Jackson E. (Castro Valley, CA); Quong, Roland (Oakland, CA); Rigdon, Lester P. (Livermore, CA); McGuire, Raymond R. (Brentwood, CA)
A method and apparatus are disclosed for a large scale, electrochemical production of anhydrous nitric acid and N.sub.2 O.sub.5. The method includes oxidizing a solution of N.sub.2 O.sub.4 /aqueous-HNO.sub.3 at the anode, while reducing aqueous HNO.sub.3 at the cathode, in a flow electrolyzer constructed of special materials. N.sub.2 O.sub.4 is produced at the cathode and may be separated and recycled as a feedstock for use in the anolyte. The process is controlled by regulating the electrolysis current until the desired products are obtained. The chemical compositions of the anolyte and catholyte are monitored by measurement of the solution density and the concentrations of N.sub.2 O.sub.4.
The Origin of Large-scale HI structures in the Magellanic Bridge
E. Muller; K. Bekki
We investigate the formation of a number of key large-scale HI features in the ISM of the Magellanic Bridge using dissipationless numerical simulation techniques. This study comprises the first direct comparison between detailed HI maps of the Bridge and numerical simulations. We confirm that the SMC forms two tidal filaments: a near arm, which forms the connection between the SMC and LMC, and a counterarm. We show that the HI of the most dense part of the Bridge can become arranged into a bimodal configuration, and that the formation of a "loop" of HI, located off the North-Eastern edge of the SMC can be reproduced simply as a projection of the counter-arm, and without invoking localised energy-deposition processes such as SNe or stellar winds.
Measurement of the large-scale anisotropy of the cosmic background radiation at 3mm
Epstein, G.L.
A balloon-borne differential radiometer has measured the large-scale anisotropy of the cosmic background radiation (CBR) with high sensitivity. The antenna temperature dipole anistropy at 90 GHz (3 mm wavelength) is 2.82 +- 0.19 mK, corresponding to a thermodynamic anistropy of 3.48 +- mK for a 2.7 K blackbody CBR. The dipole direction, 11.3 +- 0.1 hours right ascension and -5.7/sup 0/ +- 1.8/sup 0/ declination, agrees well with measurements at other frequencies. Calibration error dominates magnitude uncertainty, with statistical errors on dipole terms being under 0.1 mK. No significant quadrupole power is found, placing a 90% confidence-level upper limit of 0.27 mK on the RMS thermodynamic quadrupolar anistropy. 22 figures, 17 tables.
Large-scale jets in the magnetosheath and plasma penetration across the magnetopause: THEMIS observations
Dmitriev, A V
THEMIS multi-point observation of the plasma and magnetic fields, conducted simultaneously in the dayside magnetosheath and magnetosphere, were used to collect 646 large-scale magnetosheath plasma jets interacting with the magnetopause. The jets were identified as dense and fast streams of the magnetosheath plasma whose energy density is higher than that of the upstream solar wind. The jet interaction with the magnetopause was revealed from sudden inward motion of the magnetopause and an enhancement in the geomagnetic field. The penetration was determined as appearance of the magnetosheath plasma against the background of the hot magnetospheric particle population. We found that almost 60% of the jets penetrated through the magnetopause. Vast majority of the penetrating jets was characterized by high velocities V > 220 km/s and kinetic bk > 1 that corresponded to a combination of finite Larmor radius effect with a mechanisms of impulsive penetration. The average plasma flux in the penetrating jets was found t...
Distortive Effects of Initial-Based Name Disambiguation on Measurements of Large-Scale Coauthorship Networks
Kim, Jinseok
Scholars have often relied on name initials to resolve name ambiguities in large-scale coauthorship network research. This approach bears the risk of incorrectly merging or splitting author identities. The use of initial-based disambiguation has been justified by the assumption that such errors would not affect research findings too much. This paper tests this assumption by analyzing coauthorship networks from five academic fields - biology, computer science, nanoscience, neuroscience, and physics - and an interdisciplinary journal, PNAS. Name instances in datasets of this study were disambiguated based on heuristics gained from previous algorithmic disambiguation solutions. We use disambiguated data as a proxy of ground-truth to test the performance of three types of initial-based disambiguation. Our results show that initial-based disambiguation can misrepresent statistical properties of coauthorship networks: it deflates the number of unique authors, number of component, average shortest paths, clustering ...
Asymmetry in in-degree and out-degree distributions of large-scale industrial networks
Luo, Jianxi
Many natural, physical and social networks commonly exhibit power-law degree distributions. In this paper, we discover previously unreported asymmetrical patterns in the degree distributions of incoming and outgoing links in the investigation of large-scale industrial networks, and provide interpretations. In industrial networks, nodes are firms and links are directed supplier-customer relationships. While both in- and out-degree distributions have "power law" regimes, out-degree distribution decays faster than in-degree distribution and crosses it at a consistent nodal degree. It implies that, as link degree increases, the constraints to the capacity for designing, producing and transmitting artifacts out to others grow faster than and surpasses those for acquiring, absorbing and synthesizing artifacts provided from others. We further discover that this asymmetry in decaying rates of in-degree and out-degree distributions is smaller in networks that process and transmit more decomposable artifacts, e.g. info...
Influence of oxygen in architecting large scale nonpolar GaN nanowires
Patsha, Avinash; Pandian, Ramanathaswamy; Dhara, S
Manipulation of surface architecture of semiconducting nanowires with a control in surface polarity is one of the important objectives for nanowire based electronic and optoelectronic devices for commercialization. We report the growth of exceptionally high structural and optical quality nonpolar GaN nanowires with controlled and uniform surface morphology and size distribution, for large scale production. The role of O contamination (~1-10^5 ppm) in the surface architecture of these nanowires is investigated with the possible mechanism involved. Nonpolar GaN nanowires grown in O rich condition show the inhomogeneous surface morphologies and sizes (50 - 150 nm) while nanowires are having precise sizes of 40(5) nm and uniform surface morphology, for the samples grown in O reduced condition. Relative O contents are estimated using electron energy loss spectroscopy studies. Size-selective growth of uniform nanowires is also demonstrated, in the O reduced condition, using different catalyst sizes. Photoluminescen...
How CMB and large-scale structure constrain chameleon interacting dark energy
Daniel Boriero; Subinoy Das; Yvonne Y. Y. Wong
We explore a chameleon type of interacting dark matter-dark energy scenario in which a scalar field adiabatically traces the minimum of an effective potential sourced by the dark matter density. We discuss extensively the effect of this coupling on cosmological observables, especially the parameter degeneracies expected to arise between the model parameters and other cosmological parameters, and then test the model against observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and other cosmological probes. We find that the chameleon parameters $\\alpha$ and $\\beta$, which determine respectively the slope of the scalar field potential and the dark matter-dark energy coupling strength, can be constrained to $\\alpha radiation component, despite a passing similarity between the two scenarios in that they both delay the epoch of matter-radiation equality. Based on the derived parameter constraints, we discuss possible signatures of the model for ongoing and future large-scale structure surveys.
First Results from SPARO: Evidence for Large-Scale Toroidal Magnetic Fields in the Galactic Center
G. Novak; D. T. Chuss; T. Renbarger; G. S. Griffin; M. G. Newcomb; J. B. Peterson; R. F. Loewenstein; D. Pernic; J. L. Dotson
We have observed the linear polarization of 450 micron continuum emission from the Galactic center, using a new polarimetric detector system that is operated on a 2 m telescope at the South Pole. The resulting polarization map extends ~ 170 pc along the Galactic plane and ~ 30 pc in Galactic latitude, and thus covers a significant fraction of the central molecular zone. Our map shows that this region is permeated by large-scale toroidal magnetic fields. We consider our results together with radio observations that show evidence for poloidal fields in the Galactic center, and with Faraday rotation observations. We compare all of these observations with the predictions of a magnetodynamic model for the Galactic center that was proposed in order to explain the Galactic Center Radio Lobe as a magnetically driven gas outflow. We conclude that the observations are basically consistent with the model.
Overview of large scale experiments performed within the LBB project in the Czech Republic
Kadecka, P.; Lauerova, D. [Nuclear Research Institute, Rez (Czechoslovakia)
During several recent years NRI Rez has been performing the LBB analyses of safety significant primary circuit pipings of NPPs in Czech and Slovak Republics. The analyses covered the NPPs with reactors WWER 440 Type 230 and 213 and WWER 1000 Type 320. Within the relevant LBB projects undertaken with the aim to prove the fulfilling of the requirements of LBB, a series of large scale experiments were performed. The goal of these experiments was to verify the properties of the components selected, and to prove the quality and/or conservatism of assessments used in the LBB-analyses. In this poster, a brief overview of experiments performed in Czech Republic under guidance of NRI Rez is presented.
Schrijver, Carolus J.; Title, Alan M.; DeRosa, Marc L.; Yeates, Anthony R.
The high-cadence, comprehensive view of the solar corona by SDO/AIA shows many events that are widely separated in space while occurring close together in time. In some cases, sets of coronal events are evidently causally related, while in many other instances indirect evidence can be found. We present case studies to highlight a variety of coupling processes involved in coronal events. We find that physical linkages between events do occur, but concur with earlier studies that these couplings appear to be crucial to understanding the initiation of major eruptive or explosive phenomena relatively infrequently. We note that the post-eruption reconfiguration timescale of the large-scale corona, estimated from the extreme-ultraviolet afterglow, is on average longer than the mean time between coronal mass ejections (CMEs), so that many CMEs originate from a corona that is still adjusting from a previous event. We argue that the coronal field is intrinsically global: current systems build up over days to months, the relaxation after eruptions continues over many hours, and evolving connections easily span much of a hemisphere. This needs to be reflected in our modeling of the connections from the solar surface into the heliosphere to properly model the solar wind, its perturbations, and the generation and propagation of solar energetic particles. However, the large-scale field cannot be constructed reliably by currently available observational resources. We assess the potential of high-quality observations from beyond Earth's perspective and advanced global modeling to understand the couplings between coronal events in the context of CMEs and solar energetic particle events.
Cluster Radio Relics as a Tracer of Shock Waves of the Large-Scale Structure Formation
Torsten A. Ensslin; Peter L. Biermann; Ulrich Klein; Sven Kohle
We present evidence for the existence of shock waves caused by the formation of the large-scale structure. In some clusters of galaxies peripherally located sources of extended diffuse radio emission exist, the so-called cluster radio relics. They have steep radio spectra but no apparent cutoff, as old remnants of radio galaxies usually have. Therefore particle acceleration has to take place within them. We propose that shock structures of the cosmological large-scale matter flows are responsible for the acceleration of relativistic electrons: cluster accretion shocks and bow shocks of merger events. We develop a theory of radio plasma having traversed these shocks and compare it to observational data of nine radio relics (0038-096, 0917+75, 1140+203, 1253+275, 1712+64, 1706+78, 2006-56, 2010-57, 1401-33) and their host clusters (A85, A786, A1367, Coma, A2255, A2256, A3667, S753). The necessary accretion power, the spectral index of the radio spectrum, the acceleration efficiency of the shock, the diffusion coefficient in the post-shock region, and the predicted radio polarization in all of our examples fit into a coherent interpretation of the observational data. Since polarization measurements are available only for four sources, the predictions of our theory can be independently checked using other examples. The predicted values of the shock compression ratio, density and temperature of the infalling gas, magnetic field strength of the shocked and unshocked radio plasma are discussed within the frame of structure formation theory.
NESC-VII: Fracture Mechanics Analyses of WPS Experiments on Large-scale Cruciform Specimen
Yin, Shengjun [ORNL; Williams, Paul T [ORNL; Bass, Bennett Richard [ORNL
This paper describes numerical analyses performed to simulate warm pre-stress (WPS) experiments conducted with large-scale cruciform specimens within the Network for Evaluation of Structural Components (NESC-VII) project. NESC-VII is a European cooperative action in support of WPS application in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) integrity assessment. The project aims in evaluation of the influence of WPS when assessing the structural integrity of RPVs. Advanced fracture mechanics models will be developed and performed to validate experiments concerning the effect of different WPS scenarios on RPV components. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), USA contributes to the Work Package-2 (Analyses of WPS experiments) within the NESCVII network. A series of WPS type experiments on large-scale cruciform specimens have been conducted at CEA Saclay, France, within the framework of NESC VII project. This paper first describes NESC-VII feasibility test analyses conducted at ORNL. Very good agreement was achieved between AREVA NP SAS and ORNL. Further analyses were conducted to evaluate the NESC-VII WPS tests conducted under Load-Cool-Transient- Fracture (LCTF) and Load-Cool-Fracture (LCF) conditions. This objective of this work is to provide a definitive quantification of WPS effects when assessing the structural integrity of reactor pressure vessels. This information will be utilized to further validate, refine, and improve the WPS models that are being used in probabilistic fracture mechanics computer codes now in use by the NRC staff in their effort to develop risk-informed updates to Title 10 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 50, Appendix G.
Survey and analysis of selected jointly owned large-scale electric utility storage projects
Not Available
The objective of this study was to examine and document the issues surrounding the curtailment in commercialization of large-scale electric storage projects. It was sensed that if these issues could be uncovered, then efforts might be directed toward clearing away these barriers and allowing these technologies to penetrate the market to their maximum potential. Joint-ownership of these projects was seen as a possible solution to overcoming the major barriers, particularly economic barriers, of commercializaton. Therefore, discussions with partners involved in four pumped storage projects took place to identify the difficulties and advantages of joint-ownership agreements. The four plants surveyed included Yards Creek (Public Service Electric and Gas and Jersey Central Power and Light); Seneca (Pennsylvania Electric and Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company); Ludington (Consumers Power and Detroit Edison, and Bath County (Virginia Electric Power Company and Allegheny Power System, Inc.). Also investigated were several pumped storage projects which were never completed. These included Blue Ridge (American Electric Power); Cornwall (Consolidated Edison); Davis (Allegheny Power System, Inc.) and Kttatiny Mountain (General Public Utilities). Institutional, regulatory, technical, environmental, economic, and special issues at each project were investgated, and the conclusions relative to each issue are presented. The major barriers preventing the growth of energy storage are the high cost of these systems in times of extremely high cost of capital, diminishing load growth and regulatory influences which will not allow the building of large-scale storage systems due to environmental objections or other reasons. However, the future for energy storage looks viable despite difficult economic times for the utility industry. Joint-ownership can ease some of the economic hardships for utilites which demonstrate a need for energy storage.
Collaborative Visualization for Large-Scale Accelerator Electromagnetic Modeling (Final Report)
William J. Schroeder
The large-scale structure of semantic networks: statistical analyses and a model for semantic growth
Mark Steyvers; Joshua B. Tenenbaum
We present statistical analyses of the large-scale structure of three types of semantic networks: word associations, WordNet, and Roget's thesaurus. We show that they have a small-world structure, characterized by sparse connectivity, short average path-lengths between words, and strong local clustering. In addition, the distributions of the number of connections follow power laws that indicate a scale-free pattern of connectivity, with most nodes having relatively few connections joined together through a small number of hubs with many connections. These regularities have also been found in certain other complex natural networks, such as the world wide web, but they are not consistent with many conventional models of semantic organization, based on inheritance hierarchies, arbitrarily structured networks, or high-dimensional vector spaces. We propose that these structures reflect the mechanisms by which semantic networks grow. We describe a simple model for semantic growth, in which each new word or concept is connected to an existing network by differentiating the connectivity pattern of an existing node. This model generates appropriate small-world statistics and power-law connectivity distributions, and also suggests one possible mechanistic basis for the effects of learning history variables (age-of-acquisition, usage frequency) on behavioral performance in semantic processing tasks.
The Lagrangian-space Effective Field Theory of large scale structures
Porto, Rafael A.; Zaldarriaga, Matias [School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 (United States); Senatore, Leonardo, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94306 (United States)
We introduce a Lagrangian-space Effective Field Theory (LEFT) formalism for the study of cosmological large scale structures. Unlike the previous Eulerian-space construction, it is naturally formulated as an effective field theory of extended objects in Lagrangian space. In LEFT the resulting finite size effects are described using a multipole expansion parameterized by a set of time dependent coefficients and organized in powers of the ratio of the wavenumber of interest k over the non-linear scale k{sub NL}. The multipoles encode the effects of the short distance modes on the long-wavelength universe and absorb UV divergences when present. There are no IR divergences in LEFT. Some of the parameters that control the perturbative approach are not assumed to be small and can be automatically resummed. We present an illustrative one-loop calculation for a power law universe. We describe the dynamics both at the level of the equations of motion and through an action formalism.
Public attitudes regarding large-scale solar energy development in the U.S.
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Carlisle, Juliet E.; Kane, Stephanie L.; Solan, David; Bowman, Madelaine; Joe, Jeffrey C.
Using data collected from both a National sample as well as an oversample in U.S. Southwest, we examine public attitudes toward the construction of utility-scale solar facilities in the U.S. as well as development in oneÆs own county. Our multivariate analyses assess demographic and sociopsychological factors as well as context in terms of proximity of proposed project by considering the effect of predictors for respondents living in the Southwest versus those from a National sample.We find that the predictors, and impact of the predictors, related to support and opposition to solar development vary in terms of psychological and physical distance.moreĀ╗Overall, for respondents living in the U.S. Southwest we find that environmentalism, belief that developers receive too many incentives, and trust in project developers to be significantly related to support and opposition to solar development, in general. When Southwest respondents consider large-scale solar development in their county, the influence of these variables changes so that property value, race, and age only yield influence. Differential effects occur for respondents of our National sample.We believe our findings to be relevant for those outside the U.S. due to the considerable growth PV solar has experienced in the last decade, especially in China, Japan, Germany, and the U.S.½Āless
A Report on Simulation-Driven Reliability and Failure Analysis of Large-Scale Storage Systems
Wan, Lipeng; Wang, Feiyi; Oral, H. Sarp; Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S.; Cao, Qing
High-performance computing (HPC) storage systems provide data availability and reliability using various hardware and software fault tolerance techniques. Usually, reliability and availability are calculated at the subsystem or component level using limited metrics such as, mean time to failure (MTTF) or mean time to data loss (MTTDL). This often means settling on simple and disconnected failure models (such as exponential failure rate) to achieve tractable and close-formed solutions. However, such models have been shown to be insufficient in assessing end-to-end storage system reliability and availability. We propose a generic simulation framework aimed at analyzing the reliability and availability of storage systems at scale, and investigating what-if scenarios. The framework is designed for an end-to-end storage system, accommodating the various components and subsystems, their interconnections, failure patterns and propagation, and performs dependency analysis to capture a wide-range of failure cases. We evaluate the framework against a large-scale storage system that is in production and analyze its failure projections toward and beyond the end of lifecycle. We also examine the potential operational impact by studying how different types of components affect the overall system reliability and availability, and present the preliminary results
Public attitudes regarding large-scale solar energy development in the U.S.
Carlisle, Juliet E.; Kane, Stephanie L.; Solan, David; Bowman, Madelaine; Joe, Jeffrey C.
Using data collected from both a National sample as well as an oversample in U.S. Southwest, we examine public attitudes toward the construction of utility-scale solar facilities in the U.S. as well as development in oneÆs own county. Our multivariate analyses assess demographic and sociopsychological factors as well as context in terms of proximity of proposed project by considering the effect of predictors for respondents living in the Southwest versus those from a National sample.We find that the predictors, and impact of the predictors, related to support and opposition to solar development vary in terms of psychological and physical distance. Overall, for respondents living in the U.S. Southwest we find that environmentalism, belief that developers receive too many incentives, and trust in project developers to be significantly related to support and opposition to solar development, in general. When Southwest respondents consider large-scale solar development in their county, the influence of these variables changes so that property value, race, and age only yield influence. Differential effects occur for respondents of our National sample.We believe our findings to be relevant for those outside the U.S. due to the considerable growth PV solar has experienced in the last decade, especially in China, Japan, Germany, and the U.S.
LUCI: A facility at DUSEL for large-scale experimental study of geologic carbon sequestration
Peters, C. A.; Dobson, P.F.; Oldenburg, C.M.; Wang, J. S. Y.; Onstott, T.C.; Scherer, G.W.; Freifeld, B.M.; Ramakrishnan, T.S.; Stabinski, E.L.; Liang, K.; Verma, S.
LUCI, the Laboratory for Underground CO{sub 2} Investigations, is an experimental facility being planned for the DUSEL underground laboratory in South Dakota, USA. It is designed to study vertical flow of CO{sub 2} in porous media over length scales representative of leakage scenarios in geologic carbon sequestration. The plan for LUCI is a set of three vertical column pressure vessels, each of which is {approx}500 m long and {approx}1 m in diameter. The vessels will be filled with brine and sand or sedimentary rock. Each vessel will have an inner column to simulate a well for deployment of down-hole logging tools. The experiments are configured to simulate CO{sub 2} leakage by releasing CO{sub 2} into the bottoms of the columns. The scale of the LUCI facility will permit measurements to study CO{sub 2} flow over pressure and temperature variations that span supercritical to subcritical gas conditions. It will enable observation or inference of a variety of relevant processes such as buoyancy-driven flow in porous media, Joule-Thomson cooling, thermal exchange, viscous fingering, residual trapping, and CO{sub 2} dissolution. Experiments are also planned for reactive flow of CO{sub 2} and acidified brines in caprock sediments and well cements, and for CO{sub 2}-enhanced methanogenesis in organic-rich shales. A comprehensive suite of geophysical logging instruments will be deployed to monitor experimental conditions as well as provide data to quantify vertical resolution of sensor technologies. The experimental observations from LUCI will generate fundamental new understanding of the processes governing CO{sub 2} trapping and vertical migration, and will provide valuable data to calibrate and validate large-scale model simulations.
The Large Scale Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy as Observed with Milagro
A. A. Abdo; B. T. Allen; T. Aune; D. Berley; S. Casanova; C. Chen; B. L. Dingus; R. W. Ellsworth; L. Fleysher; R. Fleysher; M. M. Gonzalez; J. A. Goodman; C. M. Hoffman; B. Hopper; P. H. H³ntemeyer; B. E. Kolterman; C. P. Lansdell; J. T. Linnemann; J. E. McEnery; A. I. Mincer; P. Nemethy; D. Noyes; J. Pretz; J. M. Ryan; P. M. Saz Parkinson; A. Shoup; G. Sinnis; A. J. Smith; G. W. Sullivan; V. Vasileiou; G. P. Walker; D. A. Williams; G. B. Yodh
Results are presented of a harmonic analysis of the large scale cosmic-ray anisotropy as observed by the Milagro observatory. We show a two-dimensional display of the sidereal anisotropy pro jections in right ascension generated by the fitting of three harmonics to 18 separate declination bands. The Milagro observatory is a water Cherenkov detector located in the Jemez mountains near Los Alamos, New Mexico. With a high duty cycle and large field-of-view, Milagro is an excellent instrument for measuring this anisotropy with high sensitivity at TeV energies. The analysis is conducted using a seven year data sample consisting of more than 95 billion events, the largest such data set in existence. We observe an anisotropy with a magnitude around 0.1% for cosmic rays with a median energy of 6 TeV. The dominant feature is a deficit region of depth (2.49 +/- 0.02 stat. +/- 0.09 sys.)x10^(-3) in the direction of the Galactic North Pole centered at 189 degrees right ascension. We observe a steady increase in the magnitude of the signal over seven years.
The Large Scale Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy as Observed with Milagro
Abdo, A A; Aune, T; Berley, D; Casanova, S; Chen, C; Dingus, B L; Ellsworth, R W; Fleysher, L; Fleysher, R; Gonzßlez, M M; Goodman, J A; Hoffman, C M; Hopper, B; H³ntemeyer, P H; Kolterman, B E; Lansdell, C P; Linnemann, J T; McEnery, J E; Mincer, A I; Nķmethy, P; Noyes, D; Ryan, J M; Parkinson, P M Saz; Shoup, A; Sinnis, G; Smith, A J; Sullivan, G W; Vasileiou, V; Walker, G P; Williams, D A; Yodh, G B
Results are presented of a harmonic analysis of the large scale cosmic-ray anisotropy as observed by the Milagro observatory. We show a two-dimensional display of the sidereal anisotropy projections in right ascension generated by the fitting of three harmonics to 18 separate declination bands. The Milagro observatory is a water Cherenkov detector located in the Jemez mountains near Los Alamos, New Mexico. With a high duty cycle and large field-of-view, Milagro is an excellent instrument for measuring this anisotropy with high sensitivity at TeV energies. The analysis is conducted using a seven year data sample consisting of more than 95 billion events. We observe an anisotropy with a magnitude around 0.1% for cosmic rays with a median energy of 6 TeV. The dominant feature is a deficit region of depth (-2.85 +/- 0.06 stat. +/- 0.08 syst.)x10^(-3) in the direction of the Galactic North Pole with a range in declination of -10 to 45 degrees and 150 to 225 degrees in right ascension. We observe a steady increase ...
Large-Scale Urban Decontamination; Developments, Historical Examples and Lessons Learned
Rick Demmer
Recent terrorist threats and actual events have lead to a renewed interest in the technical field of large scale, urban environment decontamination. One of the driving forces for this interest is the real potential for the cleanup and removal of radioactive dispersal device (RDD or ōdirty bombö) residues. In response the U. S. Government has spent many millions of dollars investigating RDD contamination and novel decontamination methodologies. Interest in chemical and biological (CB) cleanup has also peaked with the threat of terrorist action like the anthrax attack at the Hart Senate Office Building and with catastrophic natural events such as Hurricane Katrina. The efficiency of cleanup response will be improved with these new developments and a better understanding of the ōold reliableö methodologies. Perhaps the most interesting area of investigation for large area decontamination is that of the RDD. While primarily an economic and psychological weapon, the need to cleanup and return valuable or culturally significant resources to the public is nonetheless valid. Several private companies, universities and National Laboratories are currently developing novel RDD cleanup technologies. Because of its longstanding association with radioactive facilities, the U. S. Department of Energy National Laboratories are at the forefront in developing and testing new RDD decontamination methods. However, such cleanup technologies are likely to be fairly task specific; while many different contamination mechanisms, substrate and environmental conditions will make actual application more complicated. Some major efforts have also been made to model potential contamination, to evaluate both old and new decontamination techniques and to assess their readiness for use. Non-radioactive, CB threats each have unique decontamination challenges and recent events have provided some examples. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as lead agency for these emergency cleanup responses, has a sound approach for decontamination decision-making that has been applied several times. The anthrax contamination at the U. S. Hart Senate Office Building and numerous U. S. Post Office facilities are examples of employing novel technical responses. Decontamination of the Hart Office building required development of a new approach for high level decontamination of biological contamination as well as techniques for evaluating the technology effectiveness. The World Trade Center destruction also demonstrated the need for, and successful implementation of, appropriate cleanup methodologies. There are a number of significant lessons that can be gained from a look at previous large scale cleanup projects. Too often we are quick to apply a costly ōpackage and disposeö method when sound technological cleaning approaches are available. Understanding historical perspectives, advanced planning and constant technology improvement are essential to successful decontamination.
Impact of Distribution-Connected Large-Scale Wind Turbines on Transmission System Stability during Large Disturbances: Preprint
Zhang, Y.; Allen, A.; Hodge, B. M.
This work examines the dynamic impacts of distributed utility-scale wind power during contingency events on both the distribution system and the transmission system. It is the first step toward investigating high penetrations of distribution-connected wind power's impact on both distribution and transmission stability.
Pķrez, Laura M.; Chandler, Claire J. [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801 (United States); Isella, Andrea; Carpenter, John M. [California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States)
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations in the dust continuum (690ĀGHz, 0.45Āmm) and {sup 12}CO J = 6-5 spectral line emission of the transitional disks surrounding the stars SAO 206462 and SR 21. These ALMA observations resolve the dust-depleted disk cavities and extended gaseous disks, revealing large-scale asymmetries in the dust emission of both disks. We modeled these disk structures with a ring and an azimuthal Gaussian, where the azimuthal Gaussian is motivated by the steady-state vortex solution from Lyra and Lin. Compared to recent observations of HD 142527, Oph IRS 48, and LkH? 330, these are low-contrast (? 2) asymmetries. Nevertheless, a ring alone is not a good fit, and the addition of a vortex prescription describes these data much better. The asymmetric component encompasses 15% and 28% of the total disk emission in SAO 206462 and SR 21, respectively, which corresponds to a lower limit of 2 M {sub Jup} of material within the asymmetry for both disks. Although the contrast in the dust asymmetry is low, we find that the turbulent velocity inside it must be large (?20% of the sound speed) in order to drive these azimuthally wide and radially narrow vortex-like structures. We obtain residuals from the ring and vortex fitting that are still significant, tracing non-axisymmetric emission in both disks. We compared these submillimeter observations with recently published H-band scattered light observations. For SR 21 the scattered light emission is distributed quite differently from the submillimeter continuum emission, while for SAO 206462 the submillimeter residuals are suggestive of spiral-like structure similar to the near-IR emission.
New urbanism on a grand scale : the challenges for large-scale, multi-phase master planned developments
Olchowicz, Edward J
New Urbanism has been described as an urban design movement promoting the master planning and development of communities that have walkable, human-scale neighborhoods while integrating the necessary elements of modern life ...
A large stellar evolution database for population synthesis studies. I. Scaled solar models and isochrones
A. Pietrinferni; S. Cassisi; M. Salaris; F. Castelli
We present a large and updated stellar evolution database for low-, intermediate- and high-mass stars in a wide metallicity range, suitable for studying Galactic and extragalactic simple and composite stellar populations using population synthesis techniques. The stellar mass range is between \\sim0.5Mo and 10Mo with a fine mass spacing. The metallicity [Fe/H] comprises 10 values ranging from -2.27 to 0.40, with a scaled solar metal distribution. The initial He mass fraction ranges from Y=0.245, for the more metal-poor composition, up to 0.303 for the more metal-rich one, with Delta Y/Delta Z\\sim 1.4. For each adopted chemical composition, the evolutionary models have been computed without and with overshooting from the Schwarzschild boundary of the convective cores during the central H-burning phase. The whole set of evolutionary models can be used to compute isochrones in a wide age range, from \\sim30 Myr to \\sim15Gyr. Both evolutionary tracks and isochrones are available in several observational planes, employing updated set of bolometric corrections and color-Te relations computed for this project. The number of points along the models and the resulting isochrones is selected in such a way that interpolation for intermediate metallicities not contained in the grid is straightforward. We compare our isochrones with results from different stellar evolution databases and perform some empirical tests for the reliability of our models. Since this work is devoted to scaled solar compositions, we focus our attention on the Galactic disk populations, employing multicolor photometry of unevolved field MS stars with precise Hipparcos parallaxes, well-studied open clusters and one eclipsing binary system with precise measurements of masses, radii and [Fe/H] of both components.
Biomass Energy for Transport and Electricity: Large scale utilization under low CO2 concentration scenarios
Luckow, Patrick; Wise, Marshall A.; Dooley, James J.; Kim, Son H.
This paper examines the potential role of large scale, dedicated commercial biomass energy systems under global climate policies designed to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of CO2 at 400ppm and 450ppm. We use an integrated assessment model of energy and agriculture systems to show that, given a climate policy in which terrestrial carbon is appropriately valued equally with carbon emitted from the energy system, biomass energy has the potential to be a major component of achieving these low concentration targets. The costs of processing and transporting biomass energy at much larger scales than current experience are also incorporated into the modeling. From the scenario results, 120-160 EJ/year of biomass energy is produced by midcentury and 200-250 EJ/year by the end of this century. In the first half of the century, much of this biomass is from agricultural and forest residues, but after 2050 dedicated cellulosic biomass crops become the dominant source. A key finding of this paper is the role that carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies coupled with commercial biomass energy can play in meeting stringent emissions targets. Despite the higher technology costs of CCS, the resulting negative emissions used in combination with biomass are a very important tool in controlling the cost of meeting a target, offsetting the venting of CO2 from sectors of the energy system that may be more expensive to mitigate, such as oil use in transportation. The paper also discusses the role of cellulosic ethanol and Fischer-Tropsch biomass derived transportation fuels and shows that both technologies are important contributors to liquid fuels production, with unique costs and emissions characteristics. Through application of the GCAM integrated assessment model, it becomes clear that, given CCS availability, bioenergy will be used both in electricity and transportation.
Impact of Large Scale Energy Efficiency Programs On Consumer Tariffs and Utility Finances in India
Abhyankar, Nikit; Phadke, Amol
Large-scale EE programs would modestly increase tariffs but reduce consumers' electricity bills significantly. However, the primary benefit of EE programs is a significant reduction in power shortages, which might make these programs politically acceptable even if tariffs increase. To increase political support, utilities could pursue programs that would result in minimal tariff increases. This can be achieved in four ways: (a) focus only on low-cost programs (such as replacing electric water heaters with gas water heaters); (b) sell power conserved through the EE program to the market at a price higher than the cost of peak power purchase; (c) focus on programs where a partial utility subsidy of incremental capital cost might work and (d) increase the number of participant consumers by offering a basket of EE programs to fit all consumer subcategories and tariff tiers. Large scale EE programs can result in consistently negative cash flows and significantly erode the utility's overall profitability. In case the utility is facing shortages, the cash flow is very sensitive to the marginal tariff of the unmet demand. This will have an important bearing on the choice of EE programs in Indian states where low-paying rural and agricultural consumers form the majority of the unmet demand. These findings clearly call for a flexible, sustainable solution to the cash-flow management issue. One option is to include a mechanism like FAC in the utility incentive mechanism. Another sustainable solution might be to have the net program cost and revenue loss built into utility's revenue requirement and thus into consumer tariffs up front. However, the latter approach requires institutionalization of EE as a resource. The utility incentive mechanisms would be able to address the utility disincentive of forgone long-run return but have a minor impact on consumer benefits. Fundamentally, providing incentives for EE programs to make them comparable to supply-side investments is a way of moving the electricity sector toward a model focused on providing energy services rather than providing electricity.
Phenomenology of dark energy: general features of large-scale perturbations
Louis Perenon; Federico Piazza; Christian Marinoni; Lam Hui
We present a systematic exploration of dark energy and modified gravity models containing a single scalar field non-minimally coupled to the metric. Even though the parameter space is large, by exploiting an effective field theory (EFT) formulation and by imposing simple physical constraints such as stability conditions and (sub-)luminal propagation of perturbations, we arrive at a number of generic predictions. (1) The linear growth rate of matter density fluctuations is generally suppressed compared to $\\Lambda$CDM at intermediate redshifts ($0.5 \\lesssim z \\lesssim 1$), despite the introduction of an attractive long-range scalar force. This is due to the fact that, in self-accelerating models, the background gravitational coupling weakens at intermediate redshifts, over-compensating the effect of the attractive scalar force. (2) At higher redshifts, the opposite happens; we identify a period of super-growth when the linear growth rate is larger than that predicted by $\\Lambda$CDM. (3) The gravitational slip parameter $\\eta$ - the ratio of the space part of the metric perturbation to the time part - is bounded from above. For Brans-Dicke-type theories $\\eta$ is at most unity. For more general theories, $\\eta$ can exceed unity at intermediate redshifts, but not more than about $1.5$ if, at the same time, the linear growth rate is to be compatible with current observational constraints. We caution against phenomenological parametrization of data that do not correspond to predictions from viable physical theories. We advocate the EFT approach as a way to constrain new physics from future large-scale-structure data.
Covariance of cross-correlations: towards efficient measures for large-scale structure
Robert E. Smith
We study the covariance of the cross-power spectrum of different tracers for the large-scale structure. We develop the counts-in-cells framework for the multi-tracer approach, and use this to derive expressions for the full non-Gaussian covariance matrix. We show, that for the usual auto-power statistic, besides the off-diagonal covariance generated through gravitational mode-coupling, the discreteness of the tracers and their associated sampling distribution can generate strong off-diagonal covariance, and that this becomes the dominant source of covariance as k>>k_f=2 pi/L. On comparison with the derived expressions for the cross-power covariance, we show that the off-diagonal terms can be suppressed, if one cross-correlates a high tracer-density sample with a low one. Taking the effective estimator efficiency to be proportional to the signal-to-noise ratio (SN), we show that, to probe clustering as a function of physical properties of the sample, i.e. cluster mass or galaxy luminosity, then the cross-power approach can out perform the auto-power one by factors of a few. We confront the theory with measurements of the mass-mass, halo-mass, and halo-halo power spectra from a large ensemble of N-body simulations. We show that there is a significant SN advantage to be gained from using the cross-power approach when studying the bias of rare haloes. The analysis is repeated in configuration space and again SN improvement is found. We estimate the covariance matrix for these samples, and find strong off-diagonal contributions. The covariance depends on halo mass, with higher mass samples having stronger covariance. In agreement with theory, we show that the covariance is suppressed for the cross-power. This work points the way towards improved estimators for clustering studies.
Large-Scale Pumping Test Recommendations for the 200-ZP-1 Operable Unit
Spane, Frank A.
CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company (CHPRC) is currently assessing aquifer characterization needs to optimize pump-and-treat remedial strategies (e.g., extraction well pumping rates, pumping schedule/design) in the 200-ZP-1 operable unit (OU), and in particular for the immediate area of the 241 TX-TY Tank Farm. Specifically, CHPRC is focusing on hydrologic characterization opportunities that may be available for newly constructed and planned ZP-1 extraction wells. These new extraction wells will be used to further refine the 3-dimensional subsurface contaminant distribution within this area and will be used in concert with other existing pump-and-treat wells to remediate the existing carbon tetrachloride contaminant plume. Currently, 14 extraction wells are actively used in the Interim Record of Decision ZP-1 pump-and-treat system for the purpose of remediating the existing carbon tetrachloride contamination in groundwater within this general area. As many as 20 new extraction wells and 17 injection wells may be installed to support final pump-and-treat operations within the OU area. It should be noted that although the report specifically refers to the 200-ZP-1 OU, the large-scale test recommendations are also applicable to the adjacent 200-UP-1 OU area. This is because of the similar hydrogeologic conditions exhibited within these two adjoining OU locations.
In-Flight Measurement of the Absolute Energy Scale of the Fermi Large Area Telescope
Ackermann, M.; /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Ajello, M.; /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Allafort, A.; /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Atwood, W.B.; /UC, Santa Cruz; Axelsson, M.; /Stockholm U. /Stockholm U., OKC /Royal Inst. Tech., Stockholm; Baldini, L.; /INFN, Pisa; Barbiellini, G.; /INFN, Trieste /Trieste U.; Bastieri, D.; /INFN, Padua /Padua U.; Bechtol, K.; /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Bellazzini, R.; /INFN, Pisa; Berenji, B.; /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Bloom, E.D.; /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Bonamente, E.; /INFN, Perugia /Perugia U.; Borgland, A.W.; /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Bouvier, A.; /UC, Santa Cruz; Bregeon, J.; /INFN, Pisa; Brez, A.; /INFN, Pisa; Brigida, M.; /Bari Polytechnic /INFN, Bari; Bruel, P.; /Ecole Polytechnique; Buehler, R.; /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Buson, S.; /INFN, Padua /Padua U. /CSIC, Catalunya /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /IASF, Milan /DAPNIA, Saclay /INFN, Perugia /Perugia U. /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /Unlisted, US /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /ASDC, Frascati /Perugia U. /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /Montpellier U. /ASDC, Frascati /Bari Polytechnic /INFN, Bari /Naval Research Lab, Wash., D.C. /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /Montpellier U. /Bari Polytechnic /INFN, Bari /Ecole Polytechnique /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /Ecole Polytechnique /Hiroshima U. /Stanford U., HEPL /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park /Bari Polytechnic /INFN, Bari /INFN, Bari /NASA, Goddard /INFN, Perugia /Perugia U.; /more authors..
The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is a pair-conversion telescope designed to survey the gamma-ray sky from 20 MeV to several hundreds of GeV. In this energy band there are no astronomical sources with sufficiently well known and sharp spectral features to allow an absolute calibration of the LAT energy scale. However, the geomagnetic cutoff in the cosmic ray electron-plus-positron (CRE) spectrum in low Earth orbit does provide such a spectral feature. The energy and spectral shape of this cutoff can be calculated with the aid of a numerical code tracing charged particles in the Earth's magnetic field. By comparing the cutoff value with that measured by the LAT in different geomagnetic positions, we have obtained several calibration points between {approx}6 and {approx}13 GeV with an estimated uncertainty of {approx}2%. An energy calibration with such high accuracy reduces the systematic uncertainty in LAT measurements of, for example, the spectral cutoff in the emission from gamma ray pulsars.
Thermal Performance Evaluation of Attic Radiant Barrier Systems Using the Large Scale Climate Simulator (LSCS)
Shrestha, Som S [ORNL] [ORNL; Miller, William A [ORNL] [ORNL; Desjarlais, Andre Omer [ORNL] [ORNL
Application of radiant barriers and low-emittance surface coatings in residential building attics can significantly reduce conditioning loads from heat flow through attic floors. The roofing industry has been developing and using various radiant barrier systems and low-emittance surface coatings to increase energy efficiency in buildings; however, minimal data are available that quantifies the effectiveness of these technologies. This study evaluates performance of various attic radiant barrier systems under simulated summer daytime conditions and nighttime or low solar gain daytime winter conditions using the large scale climate simulator (LSCS). The four attic configurations that were evaluated are 1) no radiant barrier (control), 2) perforated low-e foil laminated oriented strand board (OSB) deck, 3) low-e foil stapled on rafters, and 4) liquid applied low-emittance coating on roof deck and rafters. All test attics used nominal RUS 13 h-ft2- F/Btu (RSI 2.29 m2-K/W) fiberglass batt insulation on attic floor. Results indicate that the three systems with radiant barriers had heat flows through the attic floor during summer daytime condition that were 33%, 50%, and 19% lower than the control, respectively.