text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 29, 2010
|Filing date
|Apr 7, 2006
|Priority date
|Apr 8, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Ingemar Berndtsson, Lennart Niklason
|Original Assignee
|Boule Medical Ab
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (2), Classifications (27), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates an apparatus for filling a sample volume defining device, particularly a disposable sample volume defining device, for separating at least one small defined volume of a liquid sample from a relatively larger undefined volume of said sample, said device including a first body and a second body movable relative to each other, whereby said first body has at least one cavity in a surface thereof, said at least one cavity having said defined volume, and said second body includes a means slidable along said surface and over said at least one cavity upon relative movement of said bodies, whereby said defined volume is achieved in said at least one cavity. The liquid sample is a blood sample, for instance.
In blood testing, it is of crucial importance to define an accurate volume of a blood sample, since such accurately defined volume is later on used for certain tests. The accurately defined volume of blood sample is normally diluted by an accurately defined volume of a diluent or a lysing agent, in order to obtain a dilution of typically 1:100 to 1:80000. When counting white blood cells is concerned the dilution is typically 1:400 and when counting red blood cells (RBC) is concerned the dilution is typically 1:40000, in the latter case the dilution normally taking place in two steps. It is obvious, that measurement of sample volumes and dilution liquid volumes must be performed in an accurate and repeatable way such that a correct degree of dilution can always be guaranteed. Apparently, accurate measurement of sample volumes is a critical step in the dilution procedure, since the volumes concerned are extremely small compared to the corresponding diluent volumes.
To be able to obtain an accurate volume of a blood sample it is of crucial importance that the means in which the blood sample is contained is filled in a very precise and accurate and repeatable way.
A sample volume defining device of the above-identified type is known from the co-pending Swedish Patent Application No. 0303157-2. It has usually the form of a disposable cassette.
One problem when filling small cavities or voids or the like for obtaining the accurate and repeatable volume of a liquid sample, preferably a blood sample, is that the cavities are not filled in a proper way due to the formation of air bubbles in the cavities designed for the blood sample. Thus, there will be a difference in the volume between different blood samples and this will have a large significance when later counting the blood cells.
Another problem with known apparatus for testing of small volumes of a liquid sample/blood sample is to see when the apparatus is correctly filled.
Another problem is that the filling of known apparatus for testing of small volumes of a liquid sample/blood is dependent upon the direction of the apparatus when it is filled.
The object of present invention is to providing an apparatus for filling a sample volume defining device comprising at least two relatively movable bodies, one of which is provided with at least one cavity to be filled with liquid sample, for separating at least one accurately defined volume of a liquid sample from a relatively larger undefined volume of said sample.
A further object is to provide an apparatus of the above type in which it is easy to see when the cavity is filled with the liquid sample in an accurate and repeatable way.
A further object is to achieve an apparatus of the above type which is not dependent upon the filling direction.
Said object is achieved according to the present invention by an apparatus which is characterized in that that one of said first or said second body has at least inlet opening adapted to be connected with a drop of the liquid sample, that a defined channel is provided between said first and second body, which channel has fluid connection with said at least one inlet opening and at least beyond said at least one cavity, and that the dimensions of said channel being such that said channel and thereby said at least one cavity is filled with said liquid by capillary force.
As indicated a sample volume defining device is known from the co-pending application SE 0303157-2, incorporated by reference herein. Basically the volume defining process incorporates a) application of a relatively larger, often undefined, volume of the sample onto a surface and into a cavity formed in the surface and b) moving a scraping edge over the surface to leave a smaller defined volume of the sample in, the cavity. Further processing steps may follow, such as c) flushing the cavity with a liquid, such as a solution or reagent, to obtain a diluted sample, d) mixing the sample and diluent to obtain a homogenous diluted sample and e) performing measurements on the diluted and mixed sample.
For purposes of discussion the surface can be regarded as a reference surface, comprising the physical surface as well as an imaginary surface, flush and continuous with the physical surface, or defined in mechanical terms by movement of a thought entirely rigid scraper means in contact with the surface, across the cavity so as to define a target volume of the cavity limited by the imaginary surface. The reference surface shall at least surround the cavity to such an extent as to allow the scraping action and preferably the reference surface encircles the cavity on all sides.
The reference surface may have different shapes as long as it meets the continuity requirement, consistent with the scraping purpose. For example, the reference surface with its cavity may be double-curved, meaning that it cannot be formed by bending a flat surface, as exemplified with a cavity in a ball valve, or the reference surface may preferably be single-curved, meaning that it can be formed from a flat surface, as exemplified by a cavity in a cylinder valve, or most preferably it is substantially flat, as exemplified by a cavity in a slide valve.
The cavity size, i.e. the target volume under the imaginary surface, or rather the practical surface to be further discussed below, depends on several factors. Some of these factors are application dependent, such as sample nature and necessary volumes for planned dilution degrees or requirements for intended measurement. In disposable devices, for economical, reasons it is generally desirable to minimize the volumes in order also to minimize other features such as diluent volumes, mixing arrangements etc. However, manual manipulation and manufacturing constraints, e.g. molding of plastics, may place a lower limit to practical or possible cavity sizes. In case of several cavities, e.g. for different dilution degrees, the restrictions typically are set by the smallest cavity. General values are difficult to give but experience has indicated that the cavity volume should preferably be larger than 0.01 μl, preferably larger than 0.05 and most preferable larger than 0.1 μl. The maximum cavity volume can be kept below 50 μl, preferably below 25 μl and most preferably below 15 μl.
Similarly cavity shape may be determined by several factors. Besides manufacturing constraints that may put limits to advanced features of small cavities, desirable shape is mainly dictated by efficient filling and foreseeable, also expressed herein as reproducible, scraping results, of particular importance between different disposable devices.
Cavity filling may take place in various ways. As indicated, if a sample surplus is simply placed on the cavity there is a risk for gas inclusion and unfilled voids in the cavity. To avoid this the sample may be forced into the cavity, e.g. by a sample stream positively pumped by forced flow past the cavity, which, however, does not entirely secures flow through the cavity. Preferably then forced filling is made by insertion of a probe straight above or into the cavity, preferably with care taken against probe outlet contact and blocking, which cannot easily be compensated by increased injection pressure due to the hydraulic area relationship, and with necessary precision care needed for small cavities.
A preferred filling method is use of capillary forces for filling. It is believed that such filling takes place by wetting of liquid attraction surfaces highly independent of other forces applied to the liquid sample. Hence the criteria for capillary filling shall be regarded satisfied, and accordingly testable, if filling takes place, or can take place, without other forces applied. The criteria for filling without other forces applied is testable also in devices designed for application with other forces, e.g. syringe or gravity filling of sample into a channel designed for capillary filling. The non-presence of additional forces shall exclude forces needed to initiate capillary filling, which may require forced introduction of the liquid into a channel designed for capillary filling, e.g. forced wetting of a certain part of channel circumference for the capillary filling to continue autonomously. Capillary filling requires a certain surface to volume ratio to proceed, which ratio depends mainly on dimensions but also on among others on liquid to surface wetting attraction, the surface possibly being material selected or modified by plasma treatment, chemical modification, surface treatment etc., normally requiring a certain circumference length in relation to cross-section, which circumference need not be continuous but preferably forms a substantially closed channel. Capillary filling requirements are given by example herein, which requirements, however, should be determined for the actual materials and liquids involved.
Initiation of filling can be made in different ways. The supply can be made substantially along the reference surface, giving advantages in capillary wetting proceeding in the same direction as feeding. The supply can preferably be made from below, i.e. through the same structure that carries the cavity or cavities and with a flow substantially opposite to that needed for filling the cavity, e.g. for the purpose of avoiding interference with the structures introduced to stop capillary filling spreading laterally in the channel. The supply can most preferably be made from above the reference surface, e.g. for the purpose of the above proposes, for gravity assistance, for simplicity in the design and for the possibility of closing the feeding opening during the scraping arrangement movement.
The sample introduction site is preferably designed to assist in the above objects. Preferably the site is designed for compatibility with both direct sample introduction, e.g. a blood drop applied to the site, or device introduction for example by means of a syringe, a probe etc. A preferred design is a funnel ending in the capillary channel, preferably arranged for stopping devices against too deep penetration for reasons given, and most preferably having a narrowest flow area preferably being larger than that required for capillary feeding, thereby assisting in gravity filling, preferably, however, being noncircular, preferably slit-formed, for proper transition between non-capillary and capillary flow. For similar reasons the funnel preferably has a diverging portion after its narrowest part, giving an overall shape of an hour-glass, with a diverging outlet angle adapted for capillary flow for proceeding.
Common in the art are capillary tubes for aspiration of samples. The current cavities differs from such tubes in that the cavities extend from a reference surface, which reference surface in itself forms part of a sample filling channel in general, but preferably a filling channel designed for capillary filling, preferably lateral to cavity filling flow direction. The volume and shape of the filling channel are irrelevant as long as the cavity volume is well defined. The filling channel may comprise several cavities without major modifications of the reference surface carrying device. Filling of cavities arranged remote from, or at least not directly under, channel feeding structures avoids interference with any possible channel feeding device or probe as well as possible later flushing. Simplicity adds advantages over known valve type arrangements.
Without being bound by theory it is believed that capillary filling is driven by liquid affinity to surface and accordingly filling by this mechanism should be facilitated in general terms by a large surface to volume ratio. For a suitable capillary filling design, cavity size and shape come into play. Spherical shapes have the least surface to volume ratio. On the other hand small cavities generally have a larger surface to volume ratio than larger cavities, representing a further argument for minimization, a further merit of the present invention to have realized. Accordingly shape is less important for small cavities where even forms close to spherical or partially spherical can be accepted, whereas larger cavities with preference are given a shape with higher than, partial or full, spherical surface to volume ratio, e.g. tube or channel forms. The distinction between "smaller" and "larger" respectively can herein roughly be understood as cavities having depths "shallower" and "deeper" respectively than double the minimum required for capillary flow to proceed in a continuous channel of that dimension. The reason the cavities can be deeper than the capillary minimum is believed to be that the channel, of capillary dimensions, provides a river of liquid drag that locally, i.e. at the cavities, can overwhelm larger dimensions locally.
Due to the surface wetting theory, it is further believed that sharp edges are easily traversed by a capillary driven liquid front if the edge is concave, i.e. a surface angle in the intersection of less than 180�, as seen from the wet side, whereas convex edges, i.e. a surface angle in the intersection of more than 180�, are less easily traversed. Accordingly it is preferred that that at least the convex edges are smoothed out to facilitate capillary flow transfer by reducing the angle. This preferably applies to the arrival direction of the capillary flow front, i.e. the up-flow end, whereas the other end, i.e. down-flow end, is regarded less critical.
In summary, at least larger cavities should be designed for facilitated capillary filling. Smaller cavities are less critical and, furthermore, common manufacturing methods such as plastic moulding normally result in smoothed out transition surfaces, beneficial for capillary filling. At least the larger cavities are preferably shaped elongated, i.e. having an imaginary surface with a longer axis and a shorter axis perpendicular thereto, which gives an increased circumference to area ratio in relation to a circle, which elongated shape can take a variety of forms such as elliptical, rectangular etc. In case of more complicated forms these can be compared with elliptical shape of the same area for determination of the longer and shorter axes. Preferably such a cavity is located with at least a vector component and preferably its full long axis parallel with the capillary filling flow direction, i.e. with respect to the arriving capillary liquid front, herein referred to as the up-flow direction. The elongated form secures that the cavity has an increase surface to volume ratio in relation to the minimal possible. It is further preferred that the cavity up-flow end has a slow descending slope down into the cavity, as seen in the liquid flow direction, and furthermore that the cavity sides substantially parallel to the flow direction are steep with respect to the reference surface.
The cavity may have several openings, or entrances, e.g. the cavity may form a tube extending between two openings as in known capillary tubes although here also connecting to a capillary driven filling channel. It is preferred, however, that to the extent the channel has more than one opening these opens into one and the same reference surface. Most preferably the cavity has only one opening for best filling and scraping properties.
A sloping arrangement is consistent with a cavity design narrowing away from the reference surface and, in case of cavities with only one opening, towards its bottom or, differently expressed, that cross-sections taken parallel with the reference surface have decreasing cavity areas when moving away from the reference surface, at least over a part of the cavity depth and preferably over substantially the cavity full depth. It is further preferred that the cavity walls are at least substantially perpendicular but preferably converging towards the cavity bottom, the bottom being the end farthest away form the reference surface. Most preferably small or no undercut parts are present in the cavity.
Filling of the cavity or cavities is facilitated if the cavity is designed assist in capillary filling, meaning that cavity surface to volume ratio, at least in the sample flow direction, meets the capillary filling requirement. If the channel has sufficiently strong surface affinity the cavity surfaces may exceed the surface to volume relationship for capillary filling but preferably the cavity dimensions lies within that of the capillary filling requirements, disregarding here the additional dimensions provided by the channel.
Discussing next the scraping, the imaginary surface has been described above as an idealized surface entirely continuous with the reference surface. However, in practice any scraping device able to be kept in good contact with the reference surface must have a certain resilience, preferably the minimum resilience necessary for dynamic adaptation to the reference surface, which is preferably made of a harder material, without undue further deformation. Certainly the material in the scraping device should not be soft, in the sense that it easily deforms permanently. Suitable materials may include thermoplastics and preferably eleastomerics. The scraper resilience means that it will expand by deflection to a certain extent into the cavity volume, thereby creating an actual, or practical, opening surface for the cavity, generally so as to reduce the cavity volume somewhat. This may not be a problem as long as the reduction is predictable and foreseeable. In order to facilitate such predictability it may be of interest to minimize the volume deviation between the imaginary and practical surfaces.
Although the scraping device can expand into the cavity both in the scraping direction and in directions perpendicular thereto, if it in the preferred way has a sufficient length in the scraping direction for coverage of the entire cavity, it is believed that the deviation is reduced if it is elongated as described, i.e. with a shorter axis as well as a longer axis.
In at least on one sense scraping is asymmetrical, namely when the scraping edge enters over the cavity opening, where deflection starts, and even more when the edge leaves the cavity opening, where full deflection must decrease, the latter being deemed more important than the former. In order to minimize influence of at least the latter effect it is preferred to reduce cavity opening size lateral to the scraping direction in relation to the opening size parallel to the scraping direction, consistent with an elongated form as discussed. It is further preferred to avoid linear contact between the scraper edge and at least the cavity edge when entering or at least when leaving the cavity opening, meaning that point contact is preferred during at least leaving. This can be achieved by making the scraping edge non-congruent with the cavity opening leaving edge, e.g. by having a linear scraping edge and a bent cavity opening leaving edge or vice versa, in the latter case preferably by a concave scraping edge in order to lift the peripheral scraping edges prior to lifting its central parts when passing the cavity opening leaving edge. Alternatively the scraper edge can meet an elongated cavity opening at an angle with respect to cavity opening longer axis.
In summary, in order to strike a balance between the cavity shape design dictated by filling and the design dictated by scraping, it is preferred that the cavity has an elongated opening surface and that the filling direction and the scraping direction have at least a vector component in common, preferably a longer vector component in common and most preferably are substantially parallel. It is further preferred that at least the up-flow, and scraping entrance, cavity end wall has a slow slope whereas other cavity wall are steeper.
As indicated, all these observations applies more to larger cavities than to smaller cavities.
A non-limiting example of the present inventions will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The sledge A or the framework B or both are provided with suitable interengaging means (not shown) so that they can move relative to each other in close contact.
As can be seen from
The channel 3 has fluid connection with and extends as an elongation of said at least one inlet opening and beyond at least one accurately defined cavity 5. The accurately defined cavity 5 is made in the sledge A and aligned with said channel 3.
One aspect of the invention is to fill said at least one cavity 5 with the blood sample in an accurate and repeatable way. The inventors have found this is best done by capillary force. While not wishing to be bounded by a particular theory, the inventors believe that, by using capillary force, the liquid sample forms a wave front in the channel which fills said defined channel 3 and said at least one cavity 5 in such a way that no air bubbles are entrapped in the cavity 5.
By using capillary force for filling, a further aspect of the invention is achieved in that the accurate filling of said at least one cavity 5 is made independent of the direction for filling the apparatus of the disposable support, whereby the disposable support can be handled in a much easier way by, for instance, a nurse.
For enabling capillary force to be developed, the defined channel, formed in either the sledge A or the framework B or between the sledge and the framework, has a particularly chosen form, and the distance between the framework and the sledge, i.e. the height of the channel, is between 0.05-1.0 mm, preferably 0.1-0.3 mm, and most preferably 0.2 mm.
Below is given an example of how the defined channel can be designed, but the invention should not be regarded as limited to said design. Instead, the inventive conception is that the defined channel is filled with the liquid sample by capillary force.
In the embodiment shown in the
Thus, according to one aspect of the invention the defined channel 3 has the shape of a rectangle in cross section and is formed between the sledge A and the framework B, and one of the long sides of the channel 3 is delimited by a rim 4 formed on the sledge A and the other long side by a recess 6 formed in the framework B. One of the short sides of the channel 3 forms the inlet opening C and the other short side is open to the ambient air.
The rim 4 has close contact with the framework B, and on the long side of the rim opposite to the channel 3 (to the left as seen in
In principle, the design of the defined channel 3 can be made in many ways but according to the invention, it is important that the capillary force is stopped by some type of barrier means so that only the defined channel is filled with the liquid sample.
The sledge A is preferably made of a transparent material so that it is easily seen when the channel and thereby said at least one cavity 5,11 is accurately filled with the liquid sample, and in the case of a blood sample the defined channel will be seen red.
To further increase the control that said at least one cavity 5,11 is accurately filled with the liquid sample the sledge A may be provided with a magnifying means 14, for instance a magnifying glass, which is made in front of said at least one cavity 5,11, as seen in
As seen in
In case of blood testing, the channel 3 is filled with blood by capillary force and when the accurately defined volume of blood is to be achieved and diluted by the accurately defined volume of diluent or lysing agent, the sledge A is moved relative to the framework B, as seen in
In a first embodiment according to the invention said at least one cavity 11 has the shape of an elliptical cavity, as seen from above in
The filling of channel 3 with the liquid sample can be improved if the surfaces enclosing said channel are made of or coated with a material selected from the group consisting of dextran, proteins or derivatives thereof or other means or materials known by the artisan that give a contact angle of 75�-0�, preferably 50�-0�, between the blood and the material forming the surfaces. It may be enough that only the surface of said at least one cavity 5,11 is coated with the above-mentioned material.
Preferably, the volume of the syringe is adapted to the volume of the channel 3 so that the channel 3 is not filled too much when the liquid sample is injected, whereby losses of liquid sample can be avoided.
An advantage when using a syringe for filling the channel 3 is that the liquid sample to be tested can be drawn from a test tube or from any other means, especially in veterinary applications.
Moreover, in the embodiment shown in
With reference to
As seen in
The elongated form secures that the cavity 11′ has an increase surface to volume ratio in relation to the minimal possible. Furthermore, the sides of cavity 11′ substantially parallel to the flow direction are steep with respect to the reference surface.
It should be noted that the apparatus according to the second embodiment and the modified embodiments shown above also can be filled in the same way as the apparatus according to the first embodiment, i.e. the protrusion 1 is dipped down in the liquid sample 2, whereby the channel 3 and the cavities 5,11 and 11′ are filled with the sample by capillary force. Thus, the syringe inlet through bore 16, 16′ does not affect the capillary force in the channel.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 19, 1985
|Feb 23, 1988
|Sequoia-Turner Corporation
|Fluid metering apparatus and method
|Sep 21, 1984
|Feb 23, 1988
|Contraves Ag
|Dosing and mixing apparatus for fluid media
|Jan 11, 1989
|Jan 30, 1990
|Coulter Electronics, Inc.
|Liquid metering and transfer valve assembly
|Nov 30, 1994
|Jun 10, 1997
|Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania
|Methods and apparatus for the detection of an analyte utilizing mesoscale flow systems
|Mar 8, 2000
|Jun 5, 2001
|Gilson, Inc.
|Foot seal for liquid handler
|Jun 28, 2001
|Mar 29, 2005
|Coulter International Corp.
|Dual pad liquid shear valve assembly
|May 15, 2002
|Nov 21, 2002
|Seido Biwa
|Measuring unit and rotary valve for use therein
|Jun 28, 2001
|Feb 6, 2003
|William Li
|Dual pad liquid shear valve assembly
|Apr 3, 2001
|May 29, 2003
|Philippe Renaud
|Device for dispensing accurately-controlled small doses of liquid
|Nov 24, 2004
|Jun 2, 2005
|Sysmex Corporation
|Analyzer, assay cartridge and analyzing method
|Nov 24, 2004
|Jun 9, 2005
|Boule Medical Ab
|A method and a device for defining a small volume of a liquid sample
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 24, 2012
|Aug 5, 2014
|Abbott Point Of Care, Inc.
|Biologic fluid sample analysis cartridge
|Aug 25, 2011
|Abbott Point Of Care, Inc.
|Biologic fluid analysis cartridge
|U.S. Classification
|422/514, 422/93, 73/863, 222/335, 222/399, 436/177, 436/180, 422/404
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 8, 2006
Owner name: BOULE MEDICAL AB,SWEDEN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BERNDTSSON, INGEMAR;NIKLASON, LENNART;SIGNING DATES FROM20060509 TO 20060510;REEL/FRAME:017770/0051
|Dec 18, 2012
|Certificate of correction
|Dec 22, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
My review
Original recipe yields 16 servings
Based on a 2,000 calorie dietSee full nutrition
Ready In
I cannot understand why people modify a recipe, make substitutions that don't work, and then give the original recipe a poor rating!!!!!
Too salty/cheesy tasting, and far too liquidy. A proper Devon cream should be thicker (like whipped butter), and slightly sweet.
I cannot understand why people modify a recipe, make substitutions that don't work, and then give the original recipe a poor rating!!!!!
Absolutely delish - a nice change from ordinary whipped cream! I will use it for more than just scones & fruit - anyplace you use whipped cream, except that it is much stiffer. I froze extra in ...
Not Bad! I've had real Devonshire/Clotted Cream and for not being able to find it easily (or even at a reasonable price) this does the trick! Next time, however, I think I'll up the heavy cream ...
This stuff is so good I could use it for a dip with cookies! Instead I used it to top the "Rich Chocolate Truffle Pie" from this site....WOW! Many reviews here confused me because some say to ...
Great recipe. I made this cream for our church ladies tea. I made a small change to the recipe by adding 3 tablespoons of sugar instead of 1. We used this cream with scones and anything else ...
3oz of cream cheese isn't enough, if you add 8oz (a package) then the consistency is right, but it still tastes like cream cheese. If you add 6-8oz of sour cream it tastes MUCH better.
This was very easy to make and tasted incredible! It had the perfect texture and whipped right up in my stand mixture. I served it with Grandma Johnson's Scones from this site and the two comb...
Very easy to make and delicious. Reminds me of my time in England. I had been craving some good cream to have with my scones and tea and this hit the spot. Yum!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Pixar Shares Drop After SEC Probe Reported
Pixar shares dropped after the WALL STREET JOURNAL reported the company is being investigated by regulators over its home entertainment release of THE INCREDIBLES. The informal Securities and Exchange Commission probe is looking to the facts behind Pixar cutting its second-quarter profit forecast in June, stating slower than expected sales of the DVDs.
This investigation is similar to the SEC probe of DreamWorks Animation SKG Inc., which lowered expectations due to lower than expected sales of the SHREK 2 home video release. That incident has spurred DreamWorks to be hit with multiple class action suits, claiming that officials of the company withheld negative sales numbers from investors.
Pixar shares fell $.80 to $42.20 at 10:00 am New York time in Nasdaq Stock Market composite trading and earlier dropped to $41.90. The company had gained 14% over the past year.
A Pixar spokesperson said, "Pixar received an inquiry from the SEC and we believe we have fully complied with that request."


text:
Sustainability by CandolemanWatch
©2009-2016 Candoleman
This is a piece for my final major project focusing on the environmental issue of humans being sustainable.
Please comment if you're making it a favourite =]
Please comment if you're making it a favourite =]
Hi there! We are an arts charity based in London and would love to use your image on our site. It would be for non commercial use and we will credit and link back to you. Please let us know if we can. Thanks!
Nice to see I'm not the only one to have done this.
nice work, I am doing a similar project on Sustainability where I need to show three different aspects of it using three different products....
Anyway I really like it, well done!!!
Anyway I really like it, well done!!!
love it! really interesting typography work!
Really neat idea!!!!
I actualy thought this was done in photoshop until i saw you did it with real ring pulls at the show last week! really good stuff Dan!
Haha well some of it was done on photoshop actually... Not the ringpulls themselves, But each letter was an individual photo, so I had to merge them together and line them up in photoshop...
ohhhh, but you had one on the wall? i imagine it would of been a little hard making the cuts look realistic in the type but you did a great job!
A+goldstar! this rules. great job.
This is soooo great! I wish you all the best with your project...
ahahaha, nice "typography"


text:
All public logs
Combined display of all available logs of Joomla! Documentation. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the username (case-sensitive), or the affected page (also case-sensitive).
- 13:03, 7 February 2009 Chris Davenport (Talk | contribs) automatically marked revision 13111 of page Category:JModuleHelper patrolled


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Confined Space Hoist Lower Mast Extensions
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Confined space hoist lower mast extensions aid in hoist and lowering applications by offering an extension option to your mast
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Save $25 on a 1-year supply (12-doses) or $10 on a 6-month supply (6-doses) of Cheristin. Your rebate amount may vary with a promo code.
* Denotes a required field
You can now submit your rebate electronically! Be sure to complete all the required fields above and then upload photos of both the veterinary invoice and bar code.
Your submission must include a complete veterinary invoice that details your purchase as well as the bar code.Photo Requirements
I understand that by redeeming this rebate, I am agreeing to receive communications about companion animal products from Elanco. I understand that the information I am providing may be used by Eli Lilly and Company (Elanco) and its business partners to provide me with information about parasite protection and other animal health conditions and products, to contact me to see if I'd like to participate in product research activities, and to learn about and develop products and services concerning parasite protection. By submitting this form, I indicate my consent to these uses. I understand that I may request to be removed from this list by writing to Elanco at the following address: Elanco, P.O. Box 29310, Shawnee Mission, KS 66201.
Offer may only be redeemed by the pet owner. Must be a U.S. resident 18 years or older to redeem. Please fill in all fields to receive the rebate. No photocopies accepted. Limit one 12-dose or two 6-dose rebates per pet, per year, and 1 refill. You may redeem a 12-month rebate by combining two 6-month supply purchases for separate pets once per year. Offer cannot be combined with any other offer. Valid for purchases made between 2/1/2015 and 12/31/2015. Your rebate amount and eligibility dates may vary with a promo code. Rebate must be received within 60 days of veterinarian invoice date. Rebate request must be postmarked on or before 3/1/2016. Original invoice with purchase price and box code(s) must be included. Original invoice must show a 6-dose or 12-dose purchase. Purchase must be made from a licensed veterinarian in the U.S.A. Purchases from an online pharmacy not associated with your veterinarian's clinic are not valid. Elanco reserves the right to decline submissions for purchases from unauthorized distributors. Void where prohibited by law. Rebate check expires 120 days after date of issue. Please allow 8-10 weeks for check delivery. For questions regarding rebate submission, please call 1-800-983-9993.
Paperless submission provides the opportunity to upload images of your veterinary invoice and bar code along with your rebate form for instant submission.
If you'd rather mail your rebate,
Elanco Rebate Offer PO Box 29310 Shawnee Mission, KS 66201
To redeem your rebate, we require an original licensed veterinary hospital invoice with a minimum 6-dose purchase. Clinic information and date of purchase must be clear and legible.
To submit your rebate we require that a bar code OR a box code be submitted for each 6-month supply. The required bar code appears on the top or the right side of the box.
Bar Code Example
Please contact your veterinarian in order to obtain the bar code. Once you have the bar code(s), please submit your rebate for processing. You will need 2 bar codes if submitting a 12-dose purchase.
Vet clinics are identified within a city name or zip code. If you do not see your clinic, please verify that the zip code you entered matches the zip code on your veterinary invoice. If your clinic still does not appear, please enter your clinic manually.
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If your product was purchased between 2/1/2015 and 10/31/2015, the rebate request must be postmarked on or before 12/31/2015. If you purchased product outside this timeframe, it must be accompanied by a one-time use promo code provided by a participating veterinarian. If you didn't receive a promo code, your veterinarian may not be participating this Elanco program.
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West Middle School cheerleaders won first place for their division in the America's Best Championship at Louisville. Team members are Myria Grantham (from left, front row), Taylor Decker, Anna Mercer, Sadie Garner; (back) Alexis Miller, Lindsay Creque, Meghan Wood, Kailyn Locklear, Captain Myah Rice, Captain Dalaney Eden, Emily Fields, Jordyn Hunter, Madeline Presley and Makiah Jackson. Kayla Spoonamore is the head coach and Lauren Rice is assistant.
Wright's kindergarten class set a goal of collecting 100 cans for the Shelby County Backpack Program on the 100th day of school. Not only did they collect 100 cans, but they collected 221. Participants were (from left) are Karsen Fannin in Martha Lawson's class, and Dale Swigert and Bella Ceralde, both in Amy Allan's class. They are dressed as themselves at 100 years old.
Shelby Energy Cooperative is offering six $1,000 scholarships, in a program designed to enhance the education and resulting careers of high school seniors. Two scholarships per district served by Shelby Energy will be awarded.
One $1,000 scholarship will be offered in a program designed to enhance the education and career of a high school senior planning to attend an approved line technician training program as a full-time student.
Shelby County 4-H Shooting Sports will have an annual open recruitment at 7 p.m. on Tuesday at the Shelby County Extension office, 1117 Frankfort Road. All new and perspective club members should plan to attend. All returning club members should wear team shirts. Parents are encouraged to attend to see what the program is like and what is expected of the 4-Hers. Equipment requirements and practice schedules will also be discussed. For more information, visit www.shelbyky4h.com.
Monday – no school, President's day
Right before a recent lunch break, preschool children at Painted Stone Elementary were taught how to put their noses in the bends of their arms to cover a cough. Showing what they learned are Jordy Cerna and April Sangabriel.
Lunch can be a fun time in elementary schools, such as Painted Stone, where fries are served as smiley-faces – shown here by Arisdelzy Hernandez, a second- grader.
At West Middle School, science teacher Kerri Holder was up to her temples with students thinking about friction. Her bell-ringer to start the class asked whether applying soap to an already wet slip-and-slide would reduce friction. Billy Gene Tennill (left) said no; Sarah McDowell and Brittany Roberts said yes as they debated their thinking in small group.
Copyright © 2016
The Sentinel-News is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Shelby County and Shelbyville, KY, and the surrounding area.


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Fire Chiefs in the United States tend to have a good amount of experience under their belt — approximately nine-tenths have more than 10 years in the field. While pay runs from $46K to $121K per year, median earnings come to $75K annually. Most enjoy medical while the larger part get dental coverage. Vision coverage is also available to a majority. Fire Chiefs largely appreciate their work and find this position highly satisfactory.
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Fire chiefs are responsible for providing managerial and administrative direction within a fire department. Their role is one of leadership, and their responsibilities include: planning and supervising fire operations; coordinating fire programs and action plans with a city's government; supervising building inspections for fire hazards to ensure they meet safety standards; preparing the fire department's annual budget; reviewing new and replaced equipment; and performing training drills with other firefighters. Above all, they continue to engage in firefighting and provide rescue and medical services, though this is secondary to their administrative roles.Read More...
In most cases, fire chiefs began as firefighters and rose through the ranks after many years of education, training, and experience, all of which are vital for the position's responsibilities. Fire chiefs work mostly in offices, but frequently participate in tasks that take place outdoors or elsewhere. These may range from attending meetings with city officials to administering drills and training programs or responding to real fires. Many work long shifts, though mostly during day hours.
Though many fire chiefs may have no education past a high school diploma, many departments now prefer applicants with a Bachelor's degree. In either case, fire chiefs are expected to have had many years of firefighting experience, and some are also expected to have taken courses regarding hazardous materials, fire codes, and additional training under the U.S. National Fire Academy.
Median of all compensation (including tips, bonus, and overtime) by years of experience.
Those who have worked for fewer than five years take home a median salary of $64K, and workers with five to 10 years of experience earn a higher $69K on average. Fire Chiefs see a median salary of $68K after reaching one to two decades on the job. Seasoned workers who boast more than two decades of relevant experience enjoy a median salary of $81K, which is substantially larger than the medians reported by folks with fewer years on their resumes.
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- KenyaAgricultureFunding via One Acre Fund
Dúo Herenci...GuatemalaRetailFunding via FAPE
NazimAzerbaijanAgricultureFunding via Aqroinvest Credit Union
Huoy's Group
Huoy is a vendor from the Kror Kor district of Pursat Province. She sells Chinese noodles, Khmer noodles, porridge, and coffee in the village. With 20 years' experience in this business, she is able to earn up to 38,000 KHR per day. She is now in the third loan with VisionFund (Kiva's partner). After successfully repaying her past loan, she feels confident that she can upgrade her lifestyle and business.
For this loan cycle, she forms a group of four members requesting a total of 4,200,000 KHR. As the leader, Huoy will use her portion to pay for her daughter's vocational training as a wedding planner. This will especially cover the course focused on traditional dressing and makeup for the bride. She hopes that her daughter is able to own a business and earn a good income.
Additional Information
About VisionFund CambodiaVisionFund Cambodia is a Christian organization and microfinance institution that provides small loans and other financial services to improve the lives of children, empower poor women and their families, and grow successful businesses. The organization works primarily in rural parts of Cambodia and has distinguished itself by targeting the very poor who require smaller loan sizes, regardless of religious beliefs, gender or ethnic background.
Kiva lenders' funds will help the organization to expand into the northeastern provinces of the country, which have historically been underserved and difficult to reach with financial services.
This is a Group Loan
In a group loan, each member of the group receives an individual loan but is part of a larger group of individuals. The group is there to provide support to the members and to provide a system of peer pressure, but groups may or may not be formally bound by a group guarantee. In cases where there is a group guarantee, members of the group are responsible for paying back the loans of their fellow group members in the case of delinquency or default.
Kiva's Field Partners typically feature one borrower from a group. The loan description, sector, and other attributes for a group loan profile are determined by the featured borrower's loan. The other members of the group are not required to use their loans for the same purpose.
About Cambodia
204View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 14 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Jan 22, 2013
- Listed
- Mar 1, 2013
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Possible
- Ended:
- Jan 18, 2014


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Add a little extra to your message and send it using a personalised photo stamp. Just upload a photo to Truprint and then choose which design of stamp you prefer. We've got some great themes.
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05 Jun 2013
THE PRIME MINISTER has requested senior ministers of countries considered tax havens come to London on the eve of this month's G8 summit in order to discuss a tax information-sharing deal.
The ten crown dependencies - Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Anguilla, Montserrat, the Turks and Caicos Islands, Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man - will be invited to sign a an OECD convention to give mutual assistance in tax matters, which provides for the sharing of information between countries, the Guardian reports.
Several Crown dependencies have already agreed to take part in information-sharing schemes, but not to the extent prescribed in the convention. David Cameron (pictured) wrote to the countries in May, saying he wishes to "knock down the walls of company secrecy", revealing the beneficial owners of companies.
Many of the nations are indignant over being labelled tax havens, claiming the bases of their economies are threatened.
Cameron and the chancellor, George Osborne, are still unsure over how far they will press the G8 on measures to make it easier to reveal owners of companies and assets, with the US and Canada resistant.
The prime minister, alongside Nick Clegg, plans to chair a tax and transparency conference on the weekend before the G8 summit, looking at the possibility of the dependencies signing up to the convention on Saturday.
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United Hatzalah matching campaign aims to improve odds of survival from heart attack.
Posted on: December 6th, 2011News & Views → Israel
Jerusalem's historic King David Hotel is being called one of the top 12 "iconic hotels" and one of the world's best 100 by Fodor's.
Posted on: December 5th, 2011News & Views → Israel
Ministry of Education cancels student tours in southern Israel following concerns of impending terror attack.
Posted on: December 5th, 2011Sections → Business/Finance
Rami Levy enters the cellular market, undercutting the competitors as he always does.
Posted on: December 2nd, 2011News & Views → Israel
A student in the Judean Desert Yeshiva of Mitzpe Yericho died Friday after succumbing to burns from a caravan trailer fire.
Posted on: December 1st, 2011News & Views → Israel
Tuesday, saw a cautious attempt by the Egged company to return lines 1 and 2, albeit with heavy police escort. While most of the ride went off without a hitch, a few youths did hurl stones as the buses drove through the community.
Posted on: November 30th, 2011In Print → From the Paper
JERUSALEM – The current wave of political instability in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria is forcing Israel's political and security establishments to revise the Jewish state's diplomatic and military strategies.
Posted on: November 30th, 2011News & Views → Israel
In an environment of regional instability and geopolitical threats to Israel, the IDF will hold a series of drills to prepare the country in the event of a biological, chemical or radioactive attack.
Posted on: November 29th, 2011News & Views → Israel
The IDF fired at Lebanese targets just after midnight on Tuesday after the firing of three rockets into northern Israel.
Posted on: November 28th, 2011News & Views → Israel
A last minute order from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has halted the demolition of the wooden bridge from the Mugrahbi Gate on the Temple Mount to the Western Wall Plaza, due to "warnings" from Cairo and Amman of regional backlash.
Posted on: November 27th, 2011News & Views → Israel
Regional tension over Iran's nuclear capability is escalating, with Iranian officials threatening that their country will attack Israel and NATO missile defense installations in Turkey if Iran is attacked by Israel or the United States.
Posted on: November 27th, 2011News & Views → Israel
Israeli students have earned the recognition of the Guinness World Records organization for holding the "largest chemistry lesson".
Posted on: November 25th, 2011News & Views → Israel
Murderers of Kristine Luken sentenced to life imprisonment. Terror cell left behind a trail of murder, rape, theft and violence.
Posted on: November 24th, 2011Sections → Health and Living
In a comparison between Israel, the United States, and other OECD countries, Israelis live longer, pay less.
Posted on: November 23rd, 2011In Print → From the Paper
JERUSALEM – A 21-member delegation of Hollywood actors and New York media executives known as the Creative Coalition received a crash course in Israeli and Palestinian arts, politics, business and culture during a weeklong excursion in Israel and Palestinian-controlled areas.
Posted on: November 23rd, 2011In Print → From the Paper
Posted on: November 23rd, 2011News & Views → Israel
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu issued a holiday greeting to the Ethiopian community in honor of the upcoming Sigd holiday, which is celebrated on the 29th of the Jewish month of Heshvan – this year, November 26
Posted on: November 23rd, 2011News & Views → Israel
US President Barack Obama has issued the traditional presidential pardons this Thanksgiving, but did not add Jonathan Pollard to his list.
Posted on: November 21st, 2011News & Views → Israel
Prime Minister Netanyahu met this morning with US Deputy Secretary of State William Burns. The two discussed regional matters, as well as how to make progress on direct negotiations with the Palestinians.
Posted on: November 21st, 2011News & Views → Israel
Supreme Court President Beinish scuttles new judge selection
Posted on: November 20th, 2011News & Views → Israel
Israeli Supreme Court President Dorit Beinisch will allegedly renege on an agreement she made with members of the panel of nominating judges, and support Sephardic former-Attorney General Menachem Mazuz to the court, rather than nationalist-leaning Jerusalem District Judge Noam Solberg.
Printed from: http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/icc-nixes-probe-of-2010-clash-on-gaza-flotilla-vessel/2014/11/06/
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Caspano rankings
Difficulty ranking world: 4510 (all)
Ranking Italy: 1319 (all)
Ranking Alps: 1418 (all)
Difficulty score: 55.65 what?
Caspano ratings
(rate it)
The Caspano is situated in Lombardy
and belongs to the
Starting from Masino,
the Caspano ascent is 10.33 km long. Over this distance, you climb 592 heightmeters.
The average percentage thus is 5.7 %.
Look for other sides to climb the Caspano.
profile Caspano - click to open in new window
open big profile of the Caspano in a new window
Find all information on climbs and cycling in Lombardy and find all climbs in Lombardy on a map.
Other climbs close to the Caspano: within 10 km - within 20 km - within 50 km
No stories submitted yet. Did you climb this mountain?
Did you climb the Caspano? Please send your cycling story, description or comments. You can also send us video's or send us pictures on the Caspano.
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Website Signup Widgets
Our extremely dynamic and customizable signup widget can be placed on your web site(s) so anyone can signup fast and easy. We can also generate special links to the widget that can be included in email blasts. If you have a blog, that's another great place to add the signup widget. Using Wordpress? Read about our plugin below.
Facebook Signup Widget
>If you've got a Facebook Page, this widget is just for you. In a few easy steps, you can add a form to your Facebook page that allows visitors and fans to signup for your text message marketing list. View our guide to setup the Facebook widget.
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Wordpress Plugin
Our Wordpress plugin makes it easy for your web site or blog visitors to join your marketing list whenever you add a post. The next release of the Wordpress Widget will integrate with any Ez Texting account, automatically adding web site signups to your text contact database. Click to learn more.


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Type: Bug
Status: Closed
Priority: Major
Resolution: Fixed
Affects Version/s: 2.1.8, 184.108.40.206
Fix Version/s: 2.3.4
Component/s: Plugin - Portlet
Found in portlet containers Jetspeed 2 and Sitevision
When building a form in a portlet, the action path in the portlet URL contains the namespace multiple times, and thus the namespace is not correct.
This happens in prependNamespace() in PortletUrlHelper where three components are combined to form the complete namespace path.
1. Portlet namespace
2. Mode namespace
3. Tag namespace field (default current action namespace)
In a simple form where namespace is not declared, and action i executing in is proper mode namespace (ex. /portlet/view). Then 2 is "/portlet/view" and 3 is by default "/portlet/view" and thus complete namespace becomes "/portlet/view/portlet/view"
Workaround for portlet developers is to set the namespace parameter on the form to "/" which results in only the mode namespace added to the path and thus the correct action is executed.
Issue Links
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- Comments
- Work Log
- History
- Activity
- Transitions
s:url generated urls behave slightly different. While running the portlet as web application the url is generated with the correct namespace and action. However, while running in a container, the parameters need the same workaround as above.
Could you check with the latest Portlet 2 plugin ?
I'm sorry but I'm not working with portlets any more and setting this up to test it is not high priority. I will follow up the portlet bugs if I sometimes end up in a portlet project.
Back in the portlet business for a quick visit again I stumbled upon this bug. And yes, it still exists as of 220.127.116.11. Tested on Liferay 6.1.0.
Could you check with http://people.apache.org/builds/struts/2.3.2/ ?
Tested with 2.3.2 on Liferay 6.1.0. The bug still exists. I don't think this should be a showstopper for the release, since it's been in there for a while.
Anyway 2.3.2 will be dropped (there are some other problems) and 2.3.3 is just ahead
But probably I won't be able to solve this issue as I must set up a test environment. And as I have never developed a portlet app it'll take a time Is it possible that you could prepare a demo project for this ?
I have some Struts2 Portlet Apps maybe I can try to reproduce it.
I've been trying to figure this out with unit tests but to no avail...
The easiest way to see this is with the portlet app in the source code tree. Building, deploying and adding a portlet in the liferay container will give you links to few different functions. Like the simple form example. The url to the form action has the action encoded as a parameter like this:
Which is correct. But, on the next view, there is a form. In the action url in the form you will find the same parameter:
Which has the duplication of the /view namespace. The form is not really broken by this, but when using the convention plugin, it does.
I'll try to figure out what is going wrong with this.
Thanks! I was trying to use struts2-portlet-archetype with pluto but it doesn't work or I don't know how to set up things
Heres a patch which fixes this. Can some try it out and see if it doesn't break anything?
Is it against trunk ? Some changes were already in the code so I'm not sure if all was applied correctly. Could you check with trunk ? Right now I'm reviewing the patch. Thanks!
I fixed the bug against 22.214.171.124 but tried applying it to trunk ( https://github.com/lbroman/struts2/commit/b18b71abd6cbb83478e1286735860611364b2d9e ). I will check again it again against the latest trunk.
Applied it to trunk and works as expected.
Patch applied, thanks! Could you check the latest snapshot build ?
Integrated in Struts2 #460 (See https://builds.apache.org/job/Struts2/460/)
WW-3282 Changes logic to add namespace only once when building urls and cleans up code (Revision 1327601)
Result = SUCCESS
lukaszlenart :
Files :
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/components/PortletUrlRenderer.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/PortletActionConstants.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/PortletApplicationMap.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/PortletConstants.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/PortletPhase.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/PortletRequestMap.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/PortletSessionMap.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/context/PortletActionContext.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/dispatcher/DirectRenderFromEventAction.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/dispatcher/DispatcherServlet.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/dispatcher/Jsr168Dispatcher.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/dispatcher/Jsr286Dispatcher.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/interceptor/PortletAwareInterceptor.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/interceptor/PortletStateInterceptor.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/result/PortletActionRedirectResult.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/result/PortletResult.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/result/PortletVelocityResult.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/util/PortletUrlHelper.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/views/freemarker/PortletFreemarkerResult.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/test/java/org/apache/struts2/components/PortletUrlRendererTest.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/test/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/context/PortletActionContextTest.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/test/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/interceptor/PortletAwareInterceptorTest.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/test/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/interceptor/PortletStateInterceptorTest.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/test/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/result/PortletResultTest.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/test/java/org/apache/struts2/portlet/util/PortletUrlHelperTest.java
- /struts/struts2/trunk/plugins/portlet/src/test/java/org/apache/struts2/views/jsp/PortletUrlTagTest.java


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So I did learn lots this week, and giving up is not an option. You can NOT give up
Geo, don't know if it will help or not but sometimes I just have a tablespoon of coconut oil + coconut manna if I feel like I want food before bed. I hear you on the BC pills!
Tarnip, I totally agree with your approach. Tweaks (I'm not talking major departures from primal basics) that work for one person may not work for another. One person's large meal is another's small one. I seem to do fine with a little whole fat dairy, some need to avoid it entirely. A healthy person building muscle has different requirements than a person recovering from some big systemic insult, etc.
My personal opinion is that the forum gives an opportunity to find out what works for others, share ideas and get inspired to live well. I don't take anyone's comments as mandates, nor of course are mine meant to be.
My Primal Journal: http://www.marksdailyapple.com/forum/thread57034.html
"...since our orthodox theories have not saved us we may have to readjust them to bring them into harmony with Nature's laws. Nature must be obeyed, not orthodoxy." Weston A. Price
So I did learn lots this week, and giving up is not an option. You can NOT give up
65lbs gone and counting!!
Fat 2 Fit - One Woman's Journey
Major health scare this week, still feeling shaky and don't trust my body anymore. It actually had me to the point where I wanted to not go back to work at all after this happened. When it happened, my doctor told me not to workout for about a week so tomorrow I can start back to working out. I sort of feel as if I take one step forward with things and then I fall 2 steps back. I know that losing weight is going to be nearly impossible for me now with going back on the pill. I lost a bunch of weight 6 years ago eating small meals and am thinking about going back to that minus the grains. I finally have found a doctor that is saying that what I am going through isn't normal and wants to talk about taking of the matter.
The Zone teaches you how to put meals together based on balanced ratios of carbs and proteins. You can add extra fats as needed.
Georgette, sorry to hear you're having such troubles. From one (former) Buckeye to another, let me know if I can help.
My Primal Journal: http://www.marksdailyapple.com/forum/thread57034.html
"...since our orthodox theories have not saved us we may have to readjust them to bring them into harmony with Nature's laws. Nature must be obeyed, not orthodoxy." Weston A. Price
I'd like to come in and say yes i do eat a few smaller meals per day rather than the 3 or even only 2. i feel far too icky full and tired after eating huge meals - even sans grains. i find grazing small amounts per day works better for me. i don't get tired, bloated, sick feeling or get heartburn. i still get my breakfast, lunch, dinner. but much smaller ratios and sizes than i see of people posting in here. two snacks inbetween. i have a small child that eats 3 meals plus 2 snacks per day i find it easier also to prepare food for both of us as she likes eating with me and not on her own. i think everyone can adapt this lifestyle to fit their own needs.
am curious as to how anybody's doctor can "force" them to go on the pill? i realize for some it's not a problem, but is the doc holding a gun to your head? you're dreading doing it and it will only upset any hormonal cues that are already off-kilter anyway.
i work weird hours too, in a restaurant. 3 days a week, i am up by 7:30, out the door by 8:15 and not back home until 11-12 midnight. most of those days, i do not get a break, do not sit down. i eat in a few minutes, while standing. the other days are shorter, but not short, by any means. this kind of shift work and interrupted circadian rhythms can accelerate cortisol production, which causes the body to store fat. keep that in mind too and do your best to rest.
personally, i come from a background of ed and disordered eating so mostly i just eat twice a day. i can't handle planning or thinking about having to eat 6 times. work days i eat around 11 and then again around 5. that's it. even on off-days, i keep a similar window.
do what works for you.
As I ate the oysters with their strong taste of the sea and their faint metallic taste that the cold white wine washed away, leaving only the sea taste and the succulent texture, and as I drank their cold liquid from each shell and washed it down with the crisp taste of the wine, I lost the empty feeling and began to be happy and to make plans.
Ernest Hemingway
just as a general reminder: the cw advice to graze and eat lots of small meals came about right when the usda began recommending high-carb diets. it was an absolute necessity to keep insulin in check, or it would dip too low and cause issues. back in the day it was 3 squares, no snacks.
As I ate the oysters with their strong taste of the sea and their faint metallic taste that the cold white wine washed away, leaving only the sea taste and the succulent texture, and as I drank their cold liquid from each shell and washed it down with the crisp taste of the wine, I lost the empty feeling and began to be happy and to make plans.
Ernest Hemingway
So i'm looking at eating about 4 times a day tops, due to digestive issues. I've unfortunately got gastroparesis, which basically doesn't allow me to fully thrive on primal. I've done some damage to my metabolism and im rather pissed with myself. It all came about trying heal inflammation and fix my gut, which initially i thought i was doing. I over did the meat and fat though and basically feared carbs due reading diets like gaps and stuff which proclaim carbs feed bad bacteria. It made sense.
But, fat and meat digest considerably slower than simple carbs, not what you want with gastroparesis which is a paralyzed stomach and emptys slower.
Enough about that, my question is, are there any tradeoffs with eating more regularly during the day? I'm guessing stuff like more insulin spikes, might not be favourable. Is there any official word on the, perhaps, negatives of eating more regularly throughout the day?
The problem is that 6 meals a day is what the "clean eating healthy SAD" eaters do. That is, 6 meals of sugary yogurt, 1/2 whole grain bagel, baggie of fruit, small salad with sugary dressing, 100-calorie pack crackers, that type of food. They don't know this, but they are eating every 2-3 hours because their hunger is actually a symptom of withdrawl from addictive wheat. They just accepted the 2-3 hour interval to satisfy, rationalize, and justify that hunger.
In other words, it's not the number of meals that's the problem, it's WHAT you're eating during the meal that makes you need to eat more often. So, as long as you're eating primal stuff, I see nothing wrong with 5-6 half-meals.
5'0" female, 44 years old. Started Primal October 31, 2011, at a skinny fat 111.5 lbs. Low weight: 99.5 lb on a fast. Gained back to 115(!) on SAD chocolate, potato chips, and stress. Currently keeping food tracker.
I (try to) follow by-the-book primal as advocated by Mark Sisson, except for whey powder and a bit of cream. I advocate a two-month strict adjustment for newbies. But everybody is different and should tweak Primal to their own needs.


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'Small Town Man' hasn't posted for a while. It was a collaboration between myself and a mate of mine infuriated by the frustrations and attitudes in a small English town. Regrettably, he was got at and decided to throw in the towel.
This seemed a waste to me, so as a co-author of this blog I've decided to import the posts to my own blog and carry on his mantle over there.
You'll find it all by clicking [HERE] and I hope to see you all over at my place in the future…


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May 30, 2014
Mike Pegram
Our latest Inside the Locker Room is up and we bring you a few new names and offers on the 2015 horizon, our best guess on that eventual class make-up, dive into football recruiting and more. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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Tag "uNu"
UNU Superpak Battery Pack Review
Unfortunately, one of the biggest problems that plague our smartphones is the poor battery life. While companies have expressed that they are working to increase battery life, we have yet
uNu Aero Wireless Charging Battery Case and Mat for Samsung Galaxy S4 Review
Overview When I thought that the uNu Unity Battery Case for Samsung Galaxy S4 couldn't get any better, it just did. The uNu Wireless Charging Battery Case and Mat takes
uNu Unity Battery Case for Samsung Galaxy S4 Review
Overview Modern smartphones are often judged by their ability to hold a charge, and are regularly criticised for just how long you have to have your device plugged into the
uNu Enerpak Tube 5,000mAh Backup Battery review
The Enerpak Tube by uNu features a bulit in 5,000mAh battery and flashlight. This charger is just what you need to give it an extra boost, but served with a


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Here's a quick game of Robot Name That Tune. Watch the video below, then try to guess what famous robot theme song is being played. Extra bonus points if you can identify the train line (easy) and more bonus points if you identify the train station on that line.
Have fun!
Of course all train stations play some sort of music to signal the arrival and departure of trains. Quite often it has some connection to the station location or history. A good example is Maihama, the station closest to Tokyo Disneyland, that plays Zippity Do Dah.
Post your guess as a comment below. We're not sure what prizes we can provide for the first correct answer, but as a minimum we'll give you bragging rights along with a mention of you and your robot here on Robots Dreams.


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Oil is selling for close to $110 a barrel and gasoline for around $4 a gallon. Bad news for motorists. Marvelous news for jihadis.
Yet many of our elected leaders still don't get it: The rising cost of gasoline is not just an energy dilemma and an economic drag. It's a national security threat. We are fighting a war and we are funding both sides -- transferring unprecedented amounts of wealth to those who openly declare themselves our enemies.
Iran's rulers are using oil money to develop nuclear weapons and fund terrorists, including Hezbollah, now staging a slow-motion coup in Lebanon, and Hamas, which is committed to the extermination of Israel. A generous share of the money that goes to Saudi Arabia and other Gulf nations ends up in the coffers of the Taliban and al-Qaeda. Hugo Chavez spends Venezuela's petro-dollars to expand his influence, and that of his Iranian allies, throughout Latin America.
The war we are fighting is unconventional but our enemies are not so different from those we have faced in the past. In the 20th century, free nations were threatened by Nazis, whose goal was global rule by a race, and communists, whose goal was global rule by a class. Today, the challenge comes from regimes and movements committed to global rule by members of a religious group.
In World War II, Roosevelt and Churchill understood that Hitler could not win if he were denied access to the oil fields of North Africa and Central Asia. In the Cold War, Reagan's use of economic weapons was key to bringing about collapse of the Soviet Union.
Of course, we can't deny oil to OPEC, the cartel that sits on more than three-quarters of the world's conventional reserves. But we could implement policies designed to break oil's virtual monopoly as a transportation fuel, stabilize and even reduce fuel prices, and diminish the ability of hostile oil-producing regimes to wage economic warfare against us.
Such polices would include increasing – rather than decreasing -- domestic oil production, and speeding – rather than delaying -- the pipeline project that would bring oil mined from Canadian sands to the U.S. Conservation is good, too. But these measures can be only part of the solution. Why?
Clifford D. May is the President of the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies.
Rush Limbaugh defends Rubio's debate answer: He's absolutely right that Obama knows what he's doing | Allahpundit
Time for Team Hillary to break out the gender card for young liberal women who prefer Sanders | Allahpundit


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2010 Environmental Heroes
Meet seven Maui residents who display a heroic commitment to our island's environment.
(page 2 of 5)
The Entrepreneur
I turn down Wilma Nakamura's grassy driveway in Keokea, and park beside her late '90s Mercedes Benz. Wilma steps out of her front door, passing three lounging cats as she walks to greet me. Later I'll learn that the car gets forty miles per gallon and runs on recycled vegetable oil.
As a graduate student at UC–Santa Barbara, where she received her M.F.A. in sculpture, Nakamura got an education in environmental activism. "Community gardens, composting, and recycling were commonplace," she says. In 1991, she worked to have land donated for community gardens in San Ramon.
She grew up on the Big Island and was grateful to return to the Islands in 1992. "When you make Hawai'i your home, you just signed up to look after the land and the ocean."
An environmental entrepreneur, Nakamura has been involved in various Maui nonprofits. She serves as executive director of SharingAloha, an organization dedicated to preserving the environment through education and some unusual projects—such as collecting worn-out athletic shoes and shipping them to the mainland to have the rubber soles recycled.
SharingAloha also puts on the Art of Trash, an exhibit featuring art created from recycled objects. Nakamura signed on as coordinator in 1996, when Big Island artist Ira Ono brought the idea to Maui.
Cosponsored by Maui's Community Work Day Program, Art of Trash creates opportunities for talking about reducing, reusing and recycling. The show is held annually—when funding is available—and will be at the Maui Mall this April in honor of Earth Day.
"We never know until the last minute what will show up," says Nakamura. "It will blow you away, what people come up with." Even the entertainment uses instruments made of trash. Last year, artist Robert Sargenti brought ukuleles made from cigar boxes and drums made from buckets. His musician friends "stole the show," Nakamura says. "We invited them to play this year. They call themselves the Junk Band."
Through another SharingAloha project, Nakamura teaches a class on composting and worm composting one Saturday a month—for which she charges a nominal $5. When people kept asking where to find a good, affordable composting bin, she researched to locate the best, and got the County of Maui to pay the freight, reducing the cost by more than half. The black cylindrical bins, which she sells at her classes in Kahului, are made from recycled plastic.
David McCreight, president of SharingAloha's board, says Nakamura "makes activism seem effortless. She gets people interested and able to see that they can make recycling and composting a part of their life through simple changes."
At the end of our interview, Wilma invites me to attend this year's Art of Trash—and maybe even participate. The exhibit is open to all Maui residents.
She says people often attend the opening dressed in "trash," and describes how she accessorized her simple black dress for last year's show, sewing pleated ruffles of newspaper and attaching them to the bottom of the dress, then adding a cummerbund of black-and-white tissue to the waist.
Evidently, when your life is all about recycling, there's no such thing as having nothing to wear.—Jen Aly
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James MacMillan: Clemency, a chamber opera for five singers & string orchestra; Schubert: Hagar's Lament
1 CD / BIS (Sweden) / 2014-10-14Works: James MacMillan: Clemency, chamber opera
Performers: Abraham, Christine; Ferreira, Neal [Tenor Vocal]; Kravitz, David; Levine, Samuel; McFerrin, David; Trainor, Michelle [Soprano Vocal]
Conductors: Angus, David
Ensemble: Boston Lyric Opera Orchestra
Clemency, a chamber opera for five singers and string orchestra in one act; composed 2009-10 and the third operatic collaboration between composer James MacMillan and...continue...
Recording information: Artists for Humanity EpiCenter, Boston, Massachusetts, (2013-02-06_2013-02-07&2013-)....continue...
Barbara Harbach: Orchestral Music II / London PO; Angus
1 CD / MSR Classics / 2014-10-14Works: Barbara Harbach: Night Sounds, for orchestra; Gateway Festival Symphony; A State Divided, A Missouri Symphony, for trumpet & orchestra; Jubilee Symphony
Performers: Betts, Nicholas
Conductors: Angus, David
Ensemble: London Philharmonic Orchestra
Volume 9 in the series on MSR devoted to the music of Barbara Harbach, features her works for orchestra....continue...
Recording information: Henry Wood Hall, London (10/17/2013-10/18/2013)....continue...
Barbara Harbach: Music for Strings / David Angus, London PO
1 CD / MSR Classics / 2012-03-13Works: Barbara Harbach: Sinfonietta, for orchestra; In Memoriam; Freedom Suite, for violin & orchestra; Two Songs From the Sacred Harp, for orchestra; Demarest Suite, for string quintet & orchestra; Nights ...
Conductors: Angus, David
Ensemble: London Philharmonic Orchestra
This seventh volume of music by Barbara Harbach on MSR features her music for strings. The Sinfonietta for String Orchestra, The Freedom Suite and the...continue...
Stephen Watson: O Captain! My Captain!; Autumn Boughs; Symphonic Study
1 CD / Herald / 1997-05-01Works: Stephen Watson: O Captain! My Captain!, cantata for baritone voice, chorus & orchestra; Autumn Boughs, for string orchestra; Symphonic study
Performers: Williams, Jeremy Huw
Conductors: Angus, David


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Arthur Batanides (April 9, 1923 – January 10, 2000) was an American film and television actor, originally from Tacoma, Washington.
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