text:
- Scott Kirby, 45, President: responsibilities include planning, marketing, sales, alliances, pricing/yield management and operations
- Elise Eberwein, 48, Executive Vice President, People and Communications: responsible for human resources, media relations, internal communications, social media and public affairs
- Beverly Goulet, 58, Chief Integration Officer: will lead the complex integration process of merging American Airlines and US Airways into one airline
- Robert Isom, 49, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Executive Officer of US Airways, Inc. post-close: responsible for all aspects of airline operations, including customer service, flight operations, maintenance, regional carrier management, cargo, safety and security
- Stephen Johnson, 56, Executive Vice President, Corporate Affairs: responsibilities include corporate and legal affairs, government and regulatory affairs, labor relations, and real estate
- Derek Kerr, 48, Chief Financial Officer: responsible for oversight of all financial areas, including financial planning and analysis, corporate finance and treasury functions, purchasing, controller and audit functions and investor relations
- Maya Leibman, 47, Chief Information Officer: responsible for all information technology systems, including systems development, infrastructure, and planning
- William Ris, 65, Senior Vice President, Government Affairs: responsible for all federal and international government and regulatory affairs and public policy
AMR Corporation And US Airways Announce Senior Leadership Team For The New American Airlines
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text:
Invitation Categories
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It's National Molasses Bar Day! Molasses is a thick, sticky syrup made from sugarcane. The word molasses comes from the Portuguese word "melaco," which evolved from the Latin "mel," meaning "honey."
The quality of molasses depends on the maturity of the sugarcane, the amount of sugar extracted, and the method of extraction. In the Middle East, molasses is also produced from carob, grapes, dates, pomegranates, and mulberries.
Since the 1500s, people have used molasses to sweeten their food. Its distinctive taste is still called for in many recipes including gingerbread, sauces, cookies, toffee, baked beans, fruitcake, and molasses bars.
Grab a spicy and sweet molasses treat to celebrate National Molasses Bar Day!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Want to make more sales, see more sales activity across your enterprise or close more deals? Want to do it quickly and want to do it on the road? Selligy, a mobile customer relationship management (CRM) vendor, claims it is making it easier than ever by adding advanced revenue and other upgrades to its platform.
The company contends its recent upgrades close the gap between what many vendors say they offer in the mobile CRM space and what they actually deliver. This gap, Selligy CEO and co-founder Nilay Patel says, has lead many users to sour on mobile CRM, noting:
Many tools over promise and under deliver, souring users on mobile CRM. Some provide very simple apps, but then don't support the actual business needs of real enterprises. Others just shove all 100 fields from the CRM app onto the phone, resulting in an unusable app."
Sales Process Automation
Patel announced the new features yesterday, just in time for today's Sales Velocity conference in San Francisco. Selligy is one of the sponsors of the day-long event.
Patel said the upgrades will make it easier to get data in and out of their CRM and provide a bird's eye view of the entire revenue pipeline. All this will be possible by integrating Salesforce1 Sales Cloud with the contacts and calendar on the iPhone.
It is an interesting announcement for many reasons, not least of which is the fact that this is the second announcement in the past week alone that focuses on visibility for sales and revenue processes in the enterprise.
Last week, TinderBox integrated with Microsoft Dynamics CRM to provide sales automation for managing the entire sales cycle, from creating and presenting sales documents to closing businesses online.
In regards to the TinderBox release, CEO and co-founder Dustin Sapp told us there is a substantial market for sales automation solutions at the moment, as enterprises search for a way to get the best out of their CRM investments.
Selligy's platform upgrades eliminate much of the manual work involved in getting data into and out of CRM, while also offering more transparency and insight into closing deals . They include:


text:
Hello, Hello. Sign In
Please enter a valid city, state or zip code
27 reviews | 4.7 out of 5
I have used this hair spray for 30 + years. I find that the hair spray available for women is sticky and hard when it dries. Conosort is not sticky nor does it dry leaving your hair stiff should your hair get wind blown just brush or comb and it falls right back in place. Mayeb it's strange for a women to use a man's hair spray, but I will use it forever as it is just an awesome product. I do find that my local QWalMart doesn't have it in stock most of the time as they only carry 3 cans at a time so I finally just ordered it from WalMart.com.
I've used the hair spray for over 15 years. It holds my hair all day.
Best hair spray for Men, great control and it never clogs
I use this all the time
I have used this product for a number of years now. I have purchased these from the Walmart.com due to it's price.
great product
great product, you are always out of stock!
My husband really likes this kind. Holds hair in place and looks natural.
Where is the non- aerosol??? I can't find it anywhere. My husband does not like the aerosol as well.
It works great for my husband
I have used Consort for Men Unscented for years now, and nothing works better for all day hold. The only problem I have is the woman of the house tends to borrow it all the time and use it as well! Unscented is best, and the aerosol spray can lasts a long time. Highly recommend.
Great Hold, Nozzle never clogs~!
It is nearly impossible to spray lightly as the directions say. The only way to spray lightly is to try to partially hold the nozzle down. Even then it sometimes comes out as a sputtering mess. Maybe it is my fault because I prefer to comb and then spray. But, spraying first might leave heavy concentrations too difficult (and painful) for combing. Too bad Consort cannot regulate the pressure so that it can be used either way. It holds great providing I get a little lucky!
Been using Consort for years and it is the best on the market
I have extremely dry scalp and require medication for it. However, with Consort, the medication is infrequently required. At the same time, Consort keeps my hair in place without being stiff.
Consort is the only hairspray that my husband will use. I don't use hairspray very often, so I just keep a can of his in my bathroom cabinet and even though its supposed to be for men, its great for women's hairdos, too, and I use his when I need it. No buildup, not sticky and holds hair in place.
Best buy for the money
I have fine hair and I am of the elderly age. I have used this product Consort Hair Spray for Men for about 20 (+)years. Since I don't look good with shaved head and my hair is fine base, Consort gives me the hold on my hair without leaving it stiff and Consort does not have the perfume smell or rubbing alcohol smell that some of the other brands have.
After ordering the hairspray and having to pay shipping as no Site-to-Store was offered, I saw the same product in my grocery store that actually was cheaper. Goes to show you, Wally World doesn't always have the best deals. Do your homework!!!!
Used many different brands and Consort was only brand I have used that holds well and does not build up on your hair. Have used it for over 40 years and will use no other as long as they make it.


text:
The other speaker scheduled for the day, the renowned Catholic stateswoman, former ambassador to the Vatican, and Harvard law professor, Mary Ann Glendon, is also staying home, refusing the school's Laetare Medal, which she would have received alongside President Obama. Additional priests and church officials, plus students, are boycotting. Voices condemning Notre Dame range from Norma McCorvey-"Jane Roe" herself, who is now a pro-life Catholic-to Archbishop Raymond Burke, head of the Apostolic Signatura, the Vatican's highest court. (Burke calls Obama "an agent of death.")
I literally cannot think of a single episode in American history where a Catholic university has found itself in such an uproar with a president. Indeed, the previous pro-choice president, Bill Clinton, was not invited by Jenkins' predecessor.
Thus, President Obama should do the right thing-the character thing-and let Jenkins off the hook by not attending. He should take the high road, "No, Father Jenkins, I insist. This is hurting you and your university."
Apparently, Obama will not do that. Why not?
I'm not a mind reader, but I can report on the speculation, and it isn't pretty. I've spoken to Catholics ranging from laity and priests to journalists, scholars, and even university presidents. I can report to Obama and his advisers, sincerely, that the target has shifted to not merely Notre Dame, but to both Notre Dame and Obama.
Previously, the view had been that Obama was Obama, and it was Notre Dame, not Obama, who was at fault. That has changed. I'm encountering a lot of hostility at Obama personally for not withdrawing, especially as the controversy has mushroomed. He is being accused of everything from "no integrity" to narcissism to sheer political expediency.
Now, to be sure, I'm hearing these things largely from orthodox Catholics, meaning those who attend Mass consistently and follow the Church and its moral teachings; they are loyal to the Magisterium (the teaching body) of the Church. These are Catholics that liberals will dismissively dub "conservative Catholics," even though many of them, especially those over 60 years old, are longtime registered Democrats. Liberals don't care if these particular Catholics are angry.
That would be a mistake. Consider:
Sure, a majority (54 percent) of Catholics voted for Obama. Amazingly, a Pew poll shows an astounding fact sure to embarrass orthodox Catholics: 50 percent of Catholics favor Notre Dame's invitation to Obama. (A Rasmussen poll shows otherwise.)
But if you break down the data, the numbers are illuminating. First off, actual churchgoing Catholics voted for John McCain over Barack Obama ; likewise, the Pew poll shows that churchgoing Catholics disagree with Notre Dame's invitation. (Similar splits exist among churchgoing vs. non-churchgoing Protestants, and evangelicals vs. mainline Protestants.)
What does this mean? It means Obama gains no ground, politically, by going to Notre Dame. He preaches to the choir that supports him regardless. On the other hand, he loses big time-and, frankly, infuriates-tens of millions of faithful Catholics.
If I were a Republican Party political strategist, the Machiavellian in me would urge Obama to go to Notre Dame-to permanently divorce himself from faithful Catholic voters, especially in 2012. I wouldn't want him to withdraw.
But it looks like Obama's decision is set. He won't do what Tom Ridge did, or what Cardinal Mindszenty did. And, ultimately, Barack Obama will only hurt Notre Dame and himself.
Dr. Paul Kengor is professor of political science at Grove City College, executive director of The Center for Vision & Values, and author of the book, "The Communist: Frank Marshall Davis, The Untold Story of Barack Obama's Mentor." His other books include "The Crusader: Ronald Reagan and the Fall of Communism" and "Dupes: How America's Adversaries Have Manipulated Progressives for a Century."


text:
Chimpanzees live in a fission-fusion society whereby members of a community can freely join or leave a group at any time. Food normally dictates whether individuals join or avoid a group. When availability of food is low, chimpanzees, especially females with their dependents, tend to avoid groups.
For the past three months, availability of food in the Kasakela community's range has been good. This has made it possible for many mothers, including Fanni, to rejoin community groups. Fanni is one of Fifi's daughters. Currently, Fanni has five offspring. Her male offspring include Fudge (15), Fundi (roughly 12), and Fifti (more than 2). Fanni's two female offspring include Familia (roughly 8) and Fadhila (4). All of Fanni's offspring are doing well, with Fudge and Fundi beginning to gain more independence from their mother.
At 31 years of age and with five offspring, Fanni is one of the most prolific mothers of the Kasakela community. Hopefully, Fanni will bear even more offspring than her mother, Fifi, who gave birth to eight chimps during her lifetime.
Project Reports on GlobalGiving are posted directly to globalgiving.org by Project Leaders as they are completed, generally every 3-4 months. To protect the integrity of these documents, GlobalGiving does not alter them; therefore you may find some language or formatting issues.
If you donate to this project or have donated to this project, you will get an e-mail when this project posts a report. You can also subscribe for reports via e-mail without donating or by subscribing to this project's RSS feed.
We'll only email you new reports and updates about this project.


text:
Book your room at Penthouse Hotel
Please enter your travel dates.
Get an overview of this hotelAdults-only Pattaya hotel in Pattaya Beach Road with restaurant
Collect 200 points
Simply enter your Nectar card number when prompted. Your points will be credited 30 days after you return from your trip.*Offers may apply
Located in Pattaya Beach Road, this hotel is within a 5-minute walk of Royal Garden Plaza and Ripley's Believe It or Not. Walking Street and Pattaya Pier are also within 15 minutes.
Hotel Features
This hotel features a restaurant, an indoor pool, and an outdoor pool. WiFi in public areas is free. Other amenities include a nightclub, a bar/lounge, and 24-hour room service.
Room Amenities
All 50 rooms offer free WiFi, 24-hour room service, and LCD TVs with cable channels. Refrigerators, minibars, and free bottled water are among the other amenities available to guests.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Penthouse Hotel features an indoor pool and an outdoor pool. The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. A computer station is located on site and high-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
This Pattaya hotel also offers a nightclub, tour/ticket assistance, and multilingual staff. For a surcharge, a roundtrip airport shuttle (available on request) is offered to guests.
Penthouse Hotel has designated areas for smoking.
- 24-hour front desk
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Total number of rooms - 50
- Number of floors - 5
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Computer station
- Designated smoking areas
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
- Multilingual staff
- Nightclub
- Restaurant
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Free parking nearby
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Indoor pool
- Outdoor pool
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free parking nearby
Room Amenities
- Premium TV channels
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Refrigerator
- Minibar
- Free bottled water
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- In-room massage available
- Bathtub or shower
- Desk
- In-room safe
- Cable TV service
- Free WiFi
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Room service (24 hours)
Where to Eat
Cooked-to-order breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 6:30 AM and 1 PM.
Penthouse Restaurant - This restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar. Open 24 hours.
24-hour room service is available.
Nearby Things to Do
An indoor pool and an outdoor pool are on site.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Windsurfing nearby
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- Parasailing nearby
- Boat tours nearby
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- No onsite parking is available.
Minimum guest age is 18
Caters to adults only
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
No pets or service animals allowed
Optional extras
- Airport shuttle fee: THB 2208 per vehicle (one way)
Hotel Name
- Hotel Penthouse
- Penthouse Hotel
- Penthouse Hotel Pattaya
- Penthouse Pattaya
We should mention
This property offers transfers from the airport (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details before travel, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. Guests under 18 years old are not permitted at this adults-only property. No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.


text:
Top Definition
The state of sexual climatica as a result of sexual erotica. I know, go fig.
It was an erotigasmic night full of _________. (You fill in the blanks)
by someguywhowonttelluhisname September 05, 2004
Type your email address below to get our free Urban Word of the Day every morning!
Emails are sent from firstname.lastname@example.com. We'll never spam you.×


text:
This profile was last updated on 1/30/16 and contains information from public web pages and contributions from the ZoomInfo community.
Jimmy RasmussenWrong Jimmy Rasmussen?
President and Chief Executive Off...
Phone: (281) ***-****Email: j***@***.com
Local Address: Galveston , Texas , United States
HomeTown Bank N.A
1406 West Main
League City , Texas 77573
United States
Company Description: The Bank offers a broad range of banking services, including personal and business checking accounts and various types of interest-bearing deposit accounts,... more
ProPub_Iteration_NoTests.312[02] SEIDXWK-7


text:
Home >
Our Services >
Medicine >
Programs and Services >
Infectious Disease >
About Us
Infectious Disease at Danbury Hospital is staffed by doctors certified by the American Board of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine. Trained in wound care, they also work on staff at the Robert J. and Pamela Morganti Center for Wound Care, Hyperbaric Medicine and Oxygen Therapy.
Infectious Disease participates in the internal medicine residency program at Danbury Hospital through New York Medical College.
An infectious disease (ID) specialist is a doctor who has trained in internal medicine, and then has had additional years of training in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Our ID specialists cover a variety of areas that fall under infections or causes of infectious disease. They include:
ID specialists work with your primary care doctors, other specialists, and surgeons to develop a personalized treatment plan for your specific problems or infections. The ID specialist's role may include:
If you'd like to request an appointment within Infectious Disease at Danbury Hospital, we provide consultative service for both hospitalized and ambulatory patients. Office appointments may be scheduled upon referral from a primary care or other specialty provider. Please call us at 1-800-516-3658 if you need a physician referral.
Patients seeking advice regarding Rabies exposure risks are referred to the Connecticut State Health Department Rabies section at (860) 509-7994. Administration of post-exposure rabies vaccination is available in the Emergency Department at Danbury Hospital. Additional information is available at State of Connecticut, Department of Public Health.
Search our Find a Doctor online tool to find a doctor who specializes in infectious disease near you. You can also call us at 1-800-516-3658 for a physician referral, or talk to your doctor about Danbury Hospital.
For more information, visit our comprehensive patient and visitor information section.
For a doctor referral online or call 1-800-516-3658.
Employment and Nursing opportunities at Danbury Hospital.
Easy directions to Danbury Hospital and free parking options.
Find any department or area on the Danbury Hospital campus.
Share your thoughts or concerns with our staff.
Request an appointment, view your bills and pay online.
Select Text Size


text:
I have some problems with my server-client communication via web services with
Apache CXF framework. I want to log the server errors to an external file instead of terminal. Piece of code for server;
server= new JaxwsNotificationBroker("Hello",..);
server.setAddress("http://localhost:" + brokerPort + "/wsn/NotificationBroker");
And I tried this for logging;
server.getInInterceptors().add(new LoggingInInterceptor());
server.getOutInterceptors().add(new LoggingOutInterceptor());
But it gives the error
The method getInInterceptors() is undefined for the type JaxwsNotificationBroker.
Is there any method to log the errors for
Thank you


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text: Full-colour preparation material for Cambridge Young Learners English Tests. Fun activities balanced with exam-style questions practise all the areas of the syllabus in a communicative way. The material is specifically designed to focus on those areas most likely to cause problems for young learners at these levels. The second edition has been updated and extended, with each unit now forming the basis for a lesson of 75 to 90 minutes. The website to accompany the Fun for Starters, Movers, Flyers series includes interactive versions of tasks from the Student's Books.


text:
Project Manager by BassUltraWatch
©2013-2016 BassUltra
An app that plugs into launchpad/other project managing services so that you can manage your projects in style.
Hmm, it certainly looks good, but how do you close the app?
That looks veeery good....
So much style
Instead of the small toolbar why not move that to the middle of the window/toolbar and make them tabs?
good idea !
As a Launchpad (and so on) GUI it would be awesome.
This would be awesome!


text:
Demoncon 7 Boobies by jollyjackWatch
©2014-2016 jollyjack
A commission sketch from Demoncon 7.
Chloe is outgunned.
Normally I like 'em big but this is overkill!
That's hot!!!
WHO is this woman who out-guns Chloe?!?!
I dont see any weaponr- oh Oh OHHHHHHHHHH
got some competition eh?
That is an understatement.
I didn't know this was possible
crikey indeed
there's always someone bigger
I can't read or hear Crikey and not think of Steve Irwin.
And then her spine snapped in half
Wow! ......... >////>
some times I feel like the one on the left -_-;
Like your back is killing you or that you get way to much attention?
My back is constantly hurting, there is so much weight in the front that my bra straps dig into my shoulders so they hurt also, I can't find bra's that fit properly because I'm a strange size 34 DDD (they don't make those) and shirts OH don't get me started on shirts lol
She may be outgunned, but is she outmanned?
Oh, damn!
Whoooa!!! Dang.....
She's been taking her vitamins
I presume....Its Ok Chloe
You can still out best her.
SO awesome. My friend had this commissioned for me at the con, would have loved to have been there myself!
The picture has poses that look very natural/lifelike, although the girl on the right might have to take a considerable risk trying to feed her baby with her mammary glands, since she'd have to hold her kid kinda distant from herself just for the tike to gain access to a nipple. I don't think her mutation is evolutionarily advantageous, but maybe she can still get cultural/social benefits out of them being that large!
Those are no small moons.
lol good picture
I'm betting Chloe will want to see the results of some growth formula on her.
There is not such thing as too large.
Both are yummy.
Victory achieved, for the win!
Happy hour
*happy sigh*
got milk?
Looks like she's discovered a BNG character. Be grateful it wasn't a Doug Winger one, or then you'd have another huge package to draw.
Whoa! Never thought I'd see but there it is! Idk who that other girl is but she's lovely.
Out gunned indeed. If I didn't see it, I wouldn't have believed it possible.
The question stands...who to use the muto jooze on?
Their backs must hurt all of the time from those giant bazongas.
Chloe outgunned in the tit department? Never thought I'd see the like. Though I bet she could still have tons of fun.
"'Crikey!"'? Chloe is Australian?
Everyone has a preference. XD
So how often does this actually happen to chloe?


text:
"Worth a visit even in a foggy day!" Top 5 Page for this destination Shenandoah National Park by matcrazy1
Shenandoah National Park Travel Guide: 169 reviews and 567 photos
Shenandoah National Park encompasses part of the Blue Ridge Mountains and is mostly covered by forests. It's located in western Virginia, southwest of Washington, DC.
Despite foggy and dark October day I am satisfied about my short visit to the park. I could not amaze spectacular mountain views with multicoloured fall forests. Well, I live 40 min. from very similar Beskidy Mountains in Poland, so forests of Shenandoah National Park couldn't be as attractive and exotic to me as numerous parks I visited in say Arizona and Utah a year before.
Anyway, I enjoyed peace and quiet and a few other small things. I also met numerous does and a chipmunk. It's a pity I didn't see any waterfalls and didn't meet any black bear (there are 300 - 500!), bobcat or wild turkey, although I didn't expect to meet these hidden wild animals. Welcome to my tips for more.
- Pros:Wildlife, hiking, photography, fog (few visitors = peace and quite, mysterious pictures :-)
- Cons:Fog and rain, otherwise crowds of visitors, I suppose; slow Skyline Drive
- In a nutshell:Go for a hike and find black bears, bobcats and wild turkeys!
Reviews (14)
DRIVING - Looking at the map you may think that one hour is enough to drive Skyline Drive. You are wrong, it's 105 miles... more travel advice
I visited Shenandoah National Park about 20th October. It seemed to be perfect time to see amazing fall trees with... more travel advice
This relatively small gift shop is located at Skyland Lodge that is at the highest point on Skyline Drive (elevation... more travel advice
I stopped at Harry F. Byrd, Sr. Visitor Center at milepost 51 on Skyline Drive. The old looking, stone, one-floor... more travel advice
Been to Shenandoah National Park?Share your travels with the world!
Comments (9)
You saw a lot for one short foggy visit. Years ago I hiked the entire 101 miles of the Appalachian Trail through Shenandoah, in 9 days. An awesome experience.
Too bad the fog prevented you from seeing the panoramic view. The fog does make for some interesting pictures, however.
this is a very educative page. you have captured the nature in this park beautyfully. i liked your way of describing wild animals. nice pictures too. and you are absolutely right - pictures in fog and fall colors come out the best.
Glad you got to enjoy some National Parks in the US. They are amazing places to visit. Nice nature photography even on foggy day.
It's wonderful that you enjoy our National Parks, they truly are some of the most wonderful places in the US! Great page :-)
Too bad about the weather but you managed to get an absolutely stunning photo of the lichen. US National Parks are the best and the reason to visit this country, as you've shown and done many times now. Great new page style. Old dogs do learn new tricks.
this place looks great even in foggy weather ! Great pics of the unique landscape & wildlife !
Incredible travelogues! The spider web photo is astounding. Loved the deer; you were able to capture so many lovely scenes, even in the fog. I love your enthusiasm for nature, history, and your eye for detail.
Being from Virginia myself, Shenandoah was one of the first places I traveled to. I spent my 12th Birthday there camping with my friend's family. I'm so glad you enjoy America's beautiful national parks!! Your pictures are fantastic!
matcrazy1's Related Pages
Shenandoah National Park Travel Guide
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- "Skyline Drive and Shenandoah National Park"
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Latest Activity in Shenandoah National Park
- Posted in Travel Germany Forum "Re: What to visit (for 2-3 hours)..."
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- Wrote a Review Driving, plants, animals, hiking in Shenandoah National Park Warnings and Dangers
Photos in Shenandoah National ParkSee All Photos (112)
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This summer Ryan will be joined by guitarist extraordinaire Conrad Abbott to present special acoustic duo shows, in the style of Dave Matthews and Tim Reynolds. We're bringing the show to some of the nicest listening rooms in the country for a truly... ...read more
Summer tour dates are starting to roll in, including several Summer Outdoor Series stops. There is no better feeling than relaxing under the stars on a warm summer night listening to some DMB! We give you that opportunity with these very special summer shows... ...read more
DMB's summer tour is over. No Denver stop?? Well, the next best thing will be trying to make up for that this weekend - performing a very special 2 night stand at Quixotes True Blue. Friday 9/21 and Saturday 9/22, The DMTB will perform two nights... ...read more


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College slut gets fucked hard - This hot college slut got fucked so hard she missed all her classes the next day. LOl... not joking! Enjoy!


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The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta and United Way of Greater Atlanta are pleased to announce the debut of "The Philanthropy Store" as part of Junior Achievement's Discovery Park. The Philanthropy Store will be revealed during the opening celebration for Junior Achievement's Discovery Park scheduled from 10AM - noon, August, 20th.
11Alive is proud to partner with the Atlanta Community Foundation and United Way of Greater Atlanta. 11Alive produced the Philanthropy Video playing in the Philanthropy Store at the Junior Achievement Discovery Center and Biz Town. Middle school children from across the Atlanta area will see the video and learn about doing good in the community. In addition, the Philanthropy Video will air on WXIA-TV,11Alive on Saturday mornings during NBC Kids Programming.
The Philanthropy Store is a joint venture between The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta and United Way of Greater Atlanta. "The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta and United Way of Greater Atlanta regularly partner with each other on initiatives, events and other opportunities that focus on philanthropy," said Alicia Philipp, president of The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta. "We often work together on projects to increase our metro Atlanta region's understanding of and participation in philanthropy as a key way to improve quality of life in our region. When Donna Buchanan (COO for United Way of Greater Atlanta) and I learned there was an opportunity to build a philanthropic component into Junior Achievement's new financial park for 6th, 7th and 8th graders, we knew we wanted to be the ones making that happen."
The result of this latest collaboration between The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta and United Way of Greater Atlanta is The Philanthropy Store, which is housed in Finance Park. Finance Park is one of two financial "parks" located in the Discovery Center. Finance Park is for 7th and 8th graders and focuses on teaching them about the importance of personal budgeting based on a range of "life scenarios" assigned to each student during their day at the park. Students must visit all 18 "stores" located in Finance Park and figure out how to budget for all of their needs based on their given life scenario.
The Philanthropy Store is literally one-of-a-kind and is unique to Junior Achievement and its Discovery Centers, which are located in other cities across the country.
In Atlanta's Discovery Center and Finance Park, each student is required to give a percentage of their "monthly income" as defined by their assigned life scenario to philanthropy. The Philanthropy Store defines philanthropy as the giving of time, talent or treasure and asks the students to select and to "vote" for one activity from each of these three categories that they will do. Students may then visit The Philanthropy Store throughout their day at Finance Park to see which philanthropic activities students are voting for. Examples of philanthropic activities the students can vote on include gifts of time, talent or treasure that are geared towards 7th and 8th graders. Options include such activities as volunteering at a local animal shelter with friends and family (time); teaching a senior citizen how to use technology and social networking like Facebook (talent); and giving money to a nonprofit organization that helps children who have cancer (treasure).
According to Buchanan, "It is our hope that through this early exposure to philanthropy and by seeing examples of things they can actually do now that are philanthropic, we will get new generations of young people and their families active in helping their communities now and throughout the rest of their lives."
Philipp echoed, "We have the opportunity to impact 30,000 young people from the Atlanta Public School System, Fulton County and DeKalb County each year. We want the students to know they don't have to be a senior citizen or a millionaire to be a philanthropist. They can do things right now that will help make the greater Atlanta region even greater through their own gifts of time, talent and treasure."
The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta and United Way of Greater Atlanta also have a presence in BizTown, the second park located in the Discovery Center. BizTown is for 6th graders and students learn how to apply, interview, work and maintain a job plus what is required to run a town. Part of this lesson for those students assigned the positions of "business owners" is a small monthly contribution to philanthropy on behalf of their business. The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta and United Way of Greater Atlanta are the two nonprofit organizations highlighted as a part of corporate philanthropy in this day-long simulation.
The Philanthropy Store was made possible thanks to the generous donations of time, talent and treasure of Ashley Helton Design, Certified Finishes, Corporate Environments, InterfaceFLOR, OFS Brands, Rule Joy Trammell + Rubio, LLC, Standard Press, WIT Contract and WXIA-TV 11 Alive.
The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta connects donors, nonprofits and community leaders to strengthen the Atlanta region through philanthropy. We do this by providing quality services to donors and innovative leadership on community issue. Last year The Community Foundation awarded an estimated $83 million throughout 23 counties in the greater Atlanta region. For more information please visit www.cfgreateratlata.org.


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Not that you'd have to. I suppose it's a style thing. :P - Love this series already!
Ronald Jenkees is just an awesome guy that loves to have fun making some amazing music. His diverse range and tempos combine to bring a variety of sounds mixed together into digitally mastered electronic magic for the ears to hear, the heart to feel, and…
It's probably playing now... but there is about 5:18 of static image in the video... because YouTube won't let me remove it.
- Pryor MediaOwner/Founder, 2009 - presentParent company of HotTips! LLC, and the business name for everything I do online. From media production, to photography, to building and publishing websites.
- WPMU DEVMedia Creative, 2012 - 2013http://bit.ly/WPMUDEVCP
- HotTips! (current)
- Charlie's Place (current)
- Vimeo (current)
- Bacon Meals (current)
- pryormedia.net (current)
- Grand Valley State UniversityFilm/Video Production, 2012
- WordPress
Basic Website Package - Pryor Media
The Basic Website Package at Pryor Media includes everything you'd need to get a modern and professional website up and running in now time
Pebble Smartwatch
The original Smartwatch. SMS, Caller ID and now status updates on your wrist!
Verizon Succeeds In Defeating Net Neutrality, But Will It Win In the End...
The world has a fancy way of showing us problems with "the system." Each and every day, we live our lives to a specific tune; a specific bea
Here Are Our Chosen 31 Vietnam Wedding Photos (Raw Gallery)
Hang and I got our Vietnam Wedding Photos taken! Check out our favorites in this awesome gallery, with little stories to go with them
The Vietnam Stuff Giveaway: How To Play, Rules, Eligibility, and All Tha...
This is the official rules page for the Vietnam Stuff Giveaway.
The Good Life: The Wealthy of Ho Chi Minh City
In America, it's plain as day who the wealthy people are. We see them driving nice cars, we see them with large homes and nice things. These
What To Expect When Shopping For Groceries In Vietnam
If you've ever thought about visiting Ho Chi Minh City, you should read this before shopping for groceries in Vietnam.
How My Life Has Changed Since Getting Married.
Getting married can change things for couples... but it doesn't have to be a big change. This is how we did it, and it worked out great.
Crazy Traffic Is Perfectly Normal In Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
In America, we honk our horns and get irritated if some old lady is going 40mph in a 55mph zone. Hell, we'll probably get a little annoyed i
One Week Until The Pryors Leave For Vietnam
We've got just one week until the Pryors leave for Vietnam, for the second wedding ceremony taking place in Saigon. Follow us on our trip!
Which Disney Characters Do You Choose?
You have to make 3 choices about Disney Characters in today's Question of the Day. Which Disney characters will you choose?
Which Looney Tune Would You Shoot?
You've got one gun, and only one shot. You have to shoot one of them. Which Looney Tune would you shoot? Respond to this fun question.
How Do You Deal With Phobias?
I am a bit freaked out by needles, and now that I'm going to the dentist. How do I do it? How do you deal with phobias?
I'm Giving Away Vietnamese Stuff To A Few People Who Follow Me
Greetings internet peeps! Today I'm pleased to announce a little giveaway I'm having for those of you who follow the Facebook page. It's pre
"Dirty Mind" (feat. Sin Knight) by Aerautic - Official Music Video
Brought to you by Heartless Media Productions, and EMVY Records: The official music video for Aerautic's "Dirty Mind" featuring Sin Knight.
Study Shows People Who Stay Up Later Have a Higher IQ
According to this study, people who stay up later have a higher IQ than those who go to bed earlier. I suppose that means I'm intelligent.
This Is a Self-Propelled, Human-Powered Helicopter
To fly without an engine or fuel, man must continuously innovate new ways to take to the skies. This invention is an example of what our ima
New Treatment Cures Cancer In Patients With A.L.L. 100% of the Time.
This new treatment cures cancer in every patient suffering from A.L.L. (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) 100% of the time. It's guaranteed.
Millions of Jobs Available with Nobody to Hire For Them. Why?
There are millions of jobs available with nobody to hire for them. Jobs that used to have loads of potential workers have run dry of talent


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Andy Murray back in Wimbledon final, will face Novak Djokovic
British tennis star Andy Murray will get his shot at redemption Sunday, returning to the Wimbledon final for the second time in two years.
The 26-year-old got past 24th-seeded Jerzy Janowicz in four sets, winning 6-7, 6-4, 6-4, 6-3 Friday. Murray moves on to face top-seeded Novak Djokovic in Sunday's final.
"This year has been a little bit different to last year," Murray said after the match. "This year I've been expected to get to the final. It'll be a tough match.
A year ago, Murray lost a heart-breaking match to Roger Federer at the All England Club, but he will get another chance to become the first British man to win Wimbledon since 1936.
Janowicz had visions of depriving Murray that opportunity as he came out firing, taking the first-set tiebreaker and jumping out to a 4-1 lead in the third set.
But the tide turned when Janowicz appeared to have said something to Murray after a point in the third -- there was at least a steely glare -- which seemed to ignite both the British star and the largely partisan Centre Court crowd.
Murray went on to win the five straight games and steal the set, putting him back in charge.
The start of the fourth set was delayed about 30 minutes to close the roof, much to the chagrin of Murray, who spiritedly argued his case to no avail.
"It's a tough situation," Murray said afterwards to ESPN. "There was probably 45 minutes of light left. You know, I like to think this is an outdoor event -- you try to play as much outdoors as you can."
Murray didn't lose a step after the delay, easily finishing off Janowicz.
Sunday will mark Murray's seventh appearance in a Grand Slam final.


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Watch Crystal Bowersox "Farmer's Daughter" Music Video, Farmer's Daughter LyricsWendyM
Watch Crystal Bowersox's "Farmer's Daughter" music video below, plus check out the "Farmer's Daughter" lyrics.
Did the Crystal Bowersox "Farmer's Daughter" music video make you cry too?
I've watched Crystal Bowersox perform "Farmer's Daughter" recently on talk shows (watch Bowersox on the Tonight Show) and thought she did a really beautiful job with the kinda heavy subject matter, but seeing Crystal's music video really drives the story home.
Crystal Bowersox's "Farmer's Daughter" is about her home life as a kid, living in a dysfunctional family that included abuse and alcoholism.
Part of Crystal Bowersox's "Farmer's Daughter" lyrics:
"I remember back in High School
My brother's and me
Willy put his head through the door
to find Clarity
you'd come home with bourbon breath
Jack in the air
And When you broke my bones I told the school I fell down the stairs."
Crystal has spoken about the autobiographical song, noting,"The second verse is about a night she came home drunk, swung a chair, and I blocked with my foot, which then fractured. It's all true. But I don't see it as a sad song. It's a healing song, and that's because it's out of me now."
Look for Crystal Bowersox's son and husband, Brian Walker, in the music video too!


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As a result of government legislation, corporations need qualified professionals to monitor and control the systems they use to do business. With our Master of Information Systems with Graduate Information Systems Audit and Control Certificate (MIS/ISA), you'll be educationally prepared to audit, develop and implement that technology.
Gain the skills employers want sooner with our certificate option, which places career-focused courses earlier in your degree program. This enables you to earn a certificate and demonstrate your knowledge of core job competencies to employers — before you graduate. Coursework is aligned with the ISACA® certification exam.
Speak with an Enrollment Representative to discover how the College of Information Systems and Technology can help you map a faster path to explore careers in this field.
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We believe that students and families should be prepared financially for college and understand gainful employment opportunities before starting any program. So we want to ensure you have the information you need to make an informed choice - information like what it will cost, the skills you'll learn through your chosen program, and the types of occupations the program prepares you for.View the Master of Information Systems gainful employment disclosures (CA).
Find out how you may be able to lower your out-of pocket expenses and what options may be available to help you fund your education.
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A managerial position in the technology sector requires excellent leadership skills. The leadership skills you'll learn at University of Phoenix will help when you reach the next level.
To provide the best education possible, our curriculum is developed to meet the strict guidelines of the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) and Association of Information Systems (AIS).
The College of Information Systems and Technology offers an innovative learning environment complete with simulations and hands-on lab activities.
When you need graduate-level college credit for continuing education or professional development requirements, consider enrolling in an individual course. Many of the same courses offered in our degree programs are also available for individual enrollment. It's great way to "test-drive" the University, and get all the same services and support we offer in our degree programs.
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Learn about the admissions process and financial options for students.
We understand that technology has changed the way the world does business, the way people receive an education and even the way people communicate.
At the College of Information Systems and Technology, we pride ourselves in our experienced faculty members, many of whom hold leadership positions in the IT sector.
To ensure relevance and curricula that are at the forefront of the industry, our Faculty Advisory Council regularly reviews program content.


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Product Description
Egoyan's movies often seem located underwater, in some surreal dreamscape where one's breath is perpetually suspended while a slow horror seeps ever deeper under the skin. Helpless, transfixed, one watches as his characters drive inexorably toward mined intersections where lives and souls may be lost or redeemed. When Hilditch's path crosses, diverges from, and finally coincides with that of young, pregnant Felicia (Elaine Cassidy)--an Irish innocent searching for her errant boyfriend--it leads to terrible epiphany for these fellow travelers. Trouble is, creepy Hilditch and too-naive Felicia come up a bit short in the psychological complexity department, so by film's end, revelatory payoffs are mostly penny ante. Felica's Journey tours familiar Egoyan territory--an industrialized wasteland full of hungry hearts--but this latest fairy tale (think perverse variations on Hansel and Gretel) isn't in the same league with such "family values" masterpieces as Exotica or The Sweet Hereafter. --Kathleen Murphy


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David Einhorn has been successfully added into your Personalized Guru List.
David Einhorn has been removed from your Personalized Guru List.
David Einhorn has been successfully added into Guru Email Alerts list.
David Einhorn has been removed from Guru Email Alerts list.
According to GuruFocus list of 5-year lows, these Guru stocks have reached their 5-year lows: ARMOUR Residential REIT Inc, EXCO Resources Inc, Fifth Street Finance Corp, and Atlas Resource Partners LP.
ARMOUR Residential REIT Inc (NYSE:ARR) Reached the 5-year Low of $4.25Continue Reading »
At GuruFocus we follow many of the top investment managers around the globe. I like to follow the investing gurus that are in control of a publicly traded company that I can buy. The gurus I follow include Warren Buffett (Berkshire Hathaway, BRK.A), Carl Icahn (Icahn Enterprises, IEP) and Prem Watsa (Fairfax Financial, TSX:FFH, FRFHF). All of their stocks have performed well over the years. We can still make money with these gurus, but for how long? Warren Buffett (Trades, Portfolio) is 83 years old and Carl Icahn (Trades, Portfolio) is 78. Prem Watsa (Trades, Portfolio) is the youngest of the three mentioned at 64. There are some great investment gurus in their early 50's such as Daniel Loeb (Third Point Re, TPRE) and Tom Gayner (Markel, MKL) that we can follow for years, but I wanted to see if I could find gurus that are at even earlier stages in their careers.
Three gurus under the age of 50 that we can potentially follow for decades to come are David Einhorn (Greenlight Capital Re, GLRE), Warren Lichtenstein (Steel Partners Holdings, SPLP), and Sardar Biglari (Biglari Holdings, BH). Each one is the chairman of their publicly traded company and makes investments that have direct effects on the performance of those companies. Another person to keep an eye on is Steven Toy, the chairman of the investment committee at Wilbur Ross' Company, WL Ross & Company.Continue Reading »
An acquaintance of mine recently expressed his regret in selling out his Idenix Pharmaceuticals Inc position before it got bought out by Merck. He was frustrated by having missed out on big profits. I asked him whether he understands complicated bio-pharm. He said no, bio-pharm is out his circle of competency. Then I asked him how much research he had done, he said the minimum. In the end, I asked him why he bought the stock without doing much research. His answer was "because Klarman bought it."
This is not an isolated instance in the investment world. I've seen a few other folks blindly following gurus, be it Seth Klarman (Trades, Portfolio) or David Einhorn (Trades, Portfolio), without proper due diligent on their own.Continue Reading »
In general, spinoffs have outperformed the S&P 500 in their first few years of trading. There are two recent articles on GuruFocus providing information on spinoffs and their outperformance:
David Einhorn (Trades, Portfolio)'s hedge fund firm Greenlight Capital is up 5.4% for 2014 through May, a positive turn from the 1.5% loss he reported for the first quarter. The fund was plagued by a 61% year-to-date increase in a significant short, Keurig Green Mountain Inc. (NASDAQ:GMCR). He also reported shorting a basket of technology stocks, where the Nasdaq 100 Technology Sector has risen 12% year to date. Athenahealth Inc. (NASDAQ:ATHN), another short which he announced on May 5, is down 6.4% since the start of the year, but has returned to around the level it was before he made the announcement.
Einhorn has made impressive showings with his top long selections, however. Several have almost doubled from his average purchase price. Making up roughly 46% of his portfolio, Einhorn's top positions are: Apple Inc. (NASDAQ:AAPL), Micron Technology Inc. (NASDAQ:MU), Marvell Technology Group Ltd. (NASDAQ:MRVL) and Cigna Corp (NYSE:CI).Continue Reading »
Using the S&P 500 Grid at GuruFocus I found David Einhorn's Greenlight Capital Re (GLRE) near the top of the list for small cap net buys from the investing gurus. There were six buys and no sales from the gurus. Greenlight Capital Re is an interesting company because it is a way to gain access to Greenlight Capital's portfolio without needing the typical $1 million to invest in most hedge funds.
Company BackgroundContinue Reading »
David Einhorn (Trades, Portfolio)'s Green Light Capital hedge fund was more acquisitive for international stocks last quarter, with half of its new holdings based in countries outside the U.S. In his letter to shareholders, Einhorn also mentioned that one of his top five long positions is now a Greek bank, Alpha Bank (ATH:ALPHA). The investors other top picks as of the first quarter's end are Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL), gold, Marvell Technology (NASDAQ:MRVL), Micron Technology (NASDAQ:MU) and Oil States International (NYSE:OIS).
Alpha Bank's share price:Continue Reading »
In the first quarter, David Einhorn (Trades, Portfolio)'s Greenlight Capital purchased four news stocks, of which two hailed from outside the U.S. In a rising price environment, the price-conscious investor is increasingly going abroad for good values. He revealed in his first quarter letter that one of his fund's top five positions is a Greek company, Alpha Bank AE (ATH:ALPHA), and also mentioned that he owned other Greek banks. The two new international stocks he bought in quarter one are: Resona Holdings (TSE:8308) and Altice S.A. (XAMS:ATC).
Resona Holdings (TSE:8308)Continue Reading »
David Einhorn (Trades, Portfolio) had a mediocre quarter one, dropping 1.5% while the S&P gained 1.2%, but he spies opportunities up ahead, according to his Greenlight Capital letter. One such is a short of a basket of technology stocks he believes are far overvalued and due for a correction, for which there is a precedent from the last tech bubble.
"Given the enormous stock price volatility, we decided to short a basket of bubble stocks," he wrote in his letter. "A basket approach makes sense because it allows each position to be very small, thereby reducing the risk of any particular high-flier becoming too costly. The corollary to 'twice a silly price is not twice as silly' is that when the prices reconnect to traditional valuation methods, the de-rating can be substantial. There is a huge gap between the bubble price and the point where disciplined growth investors (let alone value investors) become interested buyers. When the last internet bubble popped, Cisco (NASDAQ:CSCO) (the best of the best bubble stocks) fell 89%, Amazon fell 93%, and the lower quality stocks fell even more."Continue Reading »
We established a position in Resona (TSE:8308), the largest Japanese regional bank, at a price of ¥547,representing 0.8x book value and 8x earnings. Resona was formed through the 2002-2003merger and recapitalization of three local banks in the Tokyo and Osaka regions. As part of thatrecapitalization, the Japanese government bought a majority equity stake. Under newmanagement, the bank cleaned up its balance sheet, began paying back the government stake,and has been profitable every year since, reaching a 13% ROE last year. In 2013, managementannounced a five-year plan to buy out the remaining government shareholding. Due to strongerthan expected earnings, that plan is well ahead of schedule, and the company is buying backstock from the government at very attractive valuations. The accretion from the buyback doesnot appear to be reflected in analyst models. With the more volatile international Japanese bankstrading at 9x EPS, and its peer regionals at 13x EPS, Resona is cheap on both an absolute andrelative basis. Resona shares ended the quarter at ¥499.Continue Reading »
David Einhorn (Trades, Portfolio)'s Greenlight Capital (NASDAQ:GLRE) has recently released a preliminary proposal in which the business could acquire a small ethanol company called BioFuel Energy (BIOF). As a result, BioFuel's shares have soared in after hours trading, showing an increase of more than 50%. Before this, David Einhorn (Trades, Portfolio) added Micron Technology (NASDAQ:MU) to his portfolio. The DRAM maker will likely release its quarterly results on Thursday in which the company could post significant improvements in its revenues and income.
Greenlight Capital has proposed to purchase the biofuel developer through a $275 million transaction, which involves cash and equity. In a letter addressed to BioFuel's board, David Einhorn (Trades, Portfolio) and Jim Brickman of JBGL Funds said, "We believe that this proposal provides an opportunity for the Company and its stockholders to acquire an interest in a business with long term equity potential and an attractive portfolio of assets"Continue Reading »
According to GuruFocus list of five-year lows, these Guru stocks have reached their five-year lows: Boardwalk Pipeline Partners LP, Piedmont Office Realty Trust Inc., Murphy USA Inc. and McDermott International Inc.
Boardwalk Pipeline Partners LP (NYSE:BWP) Reached the Five-Year Low of $12.60Continue Reading »
Over 4 years ago, I read Quality of Earnings and it felt like drinking from an ice cold fountain after dying of thirst.
It felt sooooo good.Continue Reading »
David Einhorn (Trades, Portfolio) had a lackluster 2013, with his firm returning 19.1%, compared to the S&P 500's 32.4%, though his long positions slightly outperformed the benchmark index.
The investor explained in his fourth quarter letter:Continue Reading »
We closed out positions in Airbus Group (XPAR:AIR), formerly known as the European Aeronautic Defence& Space Company (France: EADS), and ThyssenKrupp (Germany: TKA)
We bought the shares in EADS during a sell-off in response to the company's unpopular proposal to buy BAE Systems in 2012. EADS ultimately abandoned the merger and insteadrepurchased a lot of stock while also reorganizing its corporate structure to reduce the influenceof several government shareholders. The shares rallied and we sold for a nice gain. We also bought TKA shares in 2012. Though management made significant progress in restructuring thecompany, a difficult external environment meant that asset sales and cash flow generation fellshort of their hopes and ours. We exited with a very small lossContinue Reading »


text: If you want a classic frame with a modern twist, then these OGI 2165 70 rich dark brown glasses are the perfect choice for you. These full metal eyeglasses have sleek, rich tones and the acetate temple tips ensure a comfortable feel on your ears. Spring hinges and adjustable nose pads are great features of these unique and trendy OGI glasses.


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Published on
Dr. Jon Peddie, President, Jon Peddie Research
There are ten adjacent markets that low-power SoC providers can participate in ranging from smart phones and tablets to digital picture frames and navigation systems. This presentation will discuss some of those opportunities, identify the key players, and discuss the barriers to entry.
Presented at the SEMI Theater at SEMICON WEST on July 14, 2010.
Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later.


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Isaiah 50:1New International Version (NIV)
Israel's Sin and the Servant's Obedience
50 This is what the Lord says:
"Where is your mother's certificate of divorce
New International Version (NIV)
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An ontology-driven search module for accessing chronic pathology literature Stephan Kiefer1, Jochen Rauch1, Riccardo Albertoni2, Marco Attene2, Franca Giannini2, Simone Marini2, Luc Schneider3, Carlos Mesquita4, Xin Xing5 1Home Care / Telemedicine- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, St.Ingbert Germany {stephan.kiefer,firstname.lastname@example.com 2Institute for Applied Mathematics and Information Technology – C.N.R. Genova, Italy {riccardo.albertoni,marco.attene,franca.giannini,simone.marini} @ge.imati.cnr.it 3Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science, Saarland University, P.O. Box151150, Saarbrücken, 66041, Germany firstname.lastname@example.com 4Link Consulting, Lisbon, 1000-138, Portugal, firstname.lastname@example.com 5TZI - Center for Computing and Communication Technologies, Bremen, 28359, Germany email@example.com, Abstract. This paper presents an advanced search module for bibliography retrieval developed within the CHRONIOUS European IP project. The developed search module is specifically targeted to clinicians and healthcare practitioners searching for documents related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). To this aim, the presented tool exploits two pathology-specific ontologies that allow focused document indexing and retrieval. Besides the search module, an enrichment tool is provided to maintain and to keep up-to date such as ontologies. In addition link with the terms of the MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) thesaurus has been provided to guarantee the coverage with the general certified medical terms and multilingual capabilities. Keywords: Ontology driven search, Health care literature, Chronic diseases. 1 Introduction Chronic diseases are mostly characterized by complex causality, multiple risk fac-tors, long latency periods, a prolonged course of illness and functional impairment or disability. Most chronic diseases do not resolve spontaneously, and are generally not cured completely. Chronic diseases may get worse, lead to death, be cured, remain dormant or require continual monitoring. It is then clear that reducing the severity of both the symptoms and the impact would mean significant benefit for both the indi-vidual and the society. This is possible in many conditions. Many physicians are very optimistic about the benefits that a proper disease management can bring to provide a
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full and active life and recognize that the long-term health outlook for chronic disease has improved in the past decade, and most of them credit the improvement to better management and monitoring. To support the management of persons at risk or with chronic health conditions, the project CHRONIOUS (EU Contract N. FP7-ICT-2007–1–216461) is developing an open framework for their remote monitoring and treatment. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two case studies to set up a test bed in the project, but the CHRONIOUS architecture is suitable for any chronic disease. Within this project an intelligent literature Search Module has been developed. The CHRONIOUS Search Module enables healthcare professionals to access well focused and up to date healthcare information in the form of scientific literature, guidelines, hospital-specific documentation and grey literature. The CHRONIOUS search mechanism overcome Google Scholar, PubMed and GoPubMed by combining the MeSH potentiality with domain ontologies as topic-neutral representations of the domain of entities (objects, processes, qualities, disposi-tions, functions, etc.) related to the COPD and CKD on ontologies. Indeed, while MeSH encodes terminological knowledge, the ontologies encode expert domain knowledge. In this respect, MeSH and domain ontologies do not compete, but fulfill complementary tasks and the domain ontologies provide additional structure and depth as far as knowledge items are concerned; this additional representational power can be harnessed to improve annotation of and hence search over medical literature. The Search Module combines two domain ontologies (one for each chronic disease treated) built on top of the Middle Layer Ontology for Clinical Care (MLOCC) [1] with the linguistic capabilities provided by the Medical Subject Heading thesaurus (MeSH) [2]. The use of the ontology for Clinical Care (MLOCC) guarantees the exploitation of well-funded and formalized medical concepts and the integration with other medical domain ontologies (e.g., ACGT Master Ontology [3], Open Biological and Biomedi-cal Ontologies (OBO) foundry [4, 5]). Based on medical guidelines, the two domain-specific ontologies have been defined and properly validated by clinical experts coor-dinated by an international medical board. Within CHRONIOUS, ontologies and MeSH provide complementary benefits: for each specific disease, indeed, an ontology provides a fine-grained knowledge that MeSH is not supposed to reach; on the other hand, MeSH provides well-established generic medical terminology, multilingual representations, synonyms, narrower/broader/related concepts which can be exploited by the clinicians for the composition of expressive queries in a simple and effective way. The combination of the domain specific ontologies and the MeSH thesaurus allows CHRONIOUS to provide more focused results when compared to traditional search engines for the medical literature. Besides the two domain-specific ontologies, the literature Search Module consists of components for processing and indexing the scientific literature, as well as the components that allow the user to formulate appro-priate queries. Moreover, to deal with the problem of medical knowledge evolution, the developed system provides tools for supporting the experts in upgrading the pro-
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vided ontologies to new emerging concepts in the concerned documentation. This is even more important when considering remote patient monitoring, with wearable sensors, as in CHRONIOUS, since the availability of new signals and information is expected to introduce new practices and new insight for patient care which turns in more evolving concepts. 2 Architecture The architecture of the CHRONIOUS Search Module, depicted in Fig. 1, is based on different sub-modules including: Upload Tools to load documents related to CKD and COPD in the CHONIOUS System for their indexing. It provides two different capabilities: one supporting the clinicians to upload their own documents, the second offering capabilities to auto-matically treat resources directly coming from publishers upon specific agreements; Transformation Module converts the imported documents, which might be in dif-ferent formats, to normalized plain text format; Natural Language Processing (NLP) Tool is based on the GATE Framework [6], allows to specify processing pipelines (e.g. consisting of Sentence Splitter, Tokeniser, Part-of-speech Tagger and Morphological Analyser) as well as filter parameters (e.g. for word kinds and categories). The NLP module is also exploited by the Ontology Enrichment tool for the extraction of candidate concepts from the documents; Fig. 1.The CHRONIOUS Search Module components. Knowledge Cache maintains a graph database to store the generated indices and connections; Search Module offers search methods as well as several tools that facilitate the user's interaction with the system;
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Ontology/Thesaurus module incorporates the domain knowledge. It includes the CHRONIOUS Ontologies, MeSH and its translations in different languages, as well as the mapping between MeSH and Ontologies; Ontology Enrichment module is responsible for the maintenance of the ontology in a semi-automatic way. It uses NLP tool to pre-process the imported documents and to find word groups and linguistic patterns that are related to the domain. In the following paragraphs, the most important modules are detailed. 2.1 Natural Language Processing tool Within the CHRONIOUS Search Module, the NLP tool is applied to the text documents provided by the transformation component to automatically extract struc-tured information. The specific annotations provided by the NLP tool are used by the Document Indexer and Concept Associator as well as by the Ontology Enrichment Tool for proposing new concepts. The NLP Tool runs on a server and can be accessed through a web service. Transformation tool provides methods for receiving docu-ments in different formats and responds with processed data. These operations also allow defining filter parameter (for annotation types and features) in order to focus on the actual required data and to reduce the number of delivered annotations. For implementing the NLP algorithms the GATE framework [6] has been used that allows developing and deploying software components that process human language. The NLP Tool extracts the headwords of a text using different modules: the Token-izer splits the sentences of the text obtained by the Sentence Splitter into very simple tokens such as numbers, punctuation and words of different types; the Part-of-speech (POS) Tagger produces part-of-speech tags (e.g. noun, proper noun, preposition) as an annotation on each word or symbol. Finally the Morphological analyser identifies the lemma (headword) and affix (e.g. "runs", "ran" and "running" has all "run" as lemma) by considering one token and its part-of-speech tag, one at a time. In addition to the above standard processing sequence, in order to satisfy the require-ments of the Ontology Enrichment Tool and the Indexer, in the NLP Tool some addi-tional resources of the GATE framework have been integrated: • OntoRoot Gazetteer [7]: A GATE plugin that produces ontology-aware annota-tions for extracted terms (ontology matching using names and labels of the ontol-ogy concepts). Shallow Parser: analyzes the sentences to identify word groups by linguistic pat-terns (e.g. "chronic disease", "lung function"). For the prototype implementation, which is focused on the English language, we extracted and utilized a JAPE transducer, executes a linguistic pre-processing in terms of ontology learning, from the Text2Onto project [8]. RegEx-Pattern Matcher: matches the lemma of a token with word patterns de-fined as regular expressions. It has been implemented as JAPE resource, which expects an input list with entries coded as regular expressions. • •
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• Dictionary Matcher: matches the lemma of a token to a (common) dictionary. In our implementation it uses the WordNet dictionary [9] and Java API for search-ing. Thesaurus Matcher: matches the lemma of a token to a (domain) thesaurus. For the target medical domain we have implemented a JAPE resource, which uses the MeSH-Mapping API to access MeSH terms and the mapped ontology concepts. • 2.2 Search To better support users various search methods have been provided together with tools that facilitate the interaction with the system and with functionalities for the ontology/thesaurus browsing and the query building. Search is then possible as: • Metadata Search, which is a keyword-based search looking into the metadata in-formation associated with a document and indexed in the Knowledge Cache. • Conceptual Search, which allows the user to submit queries at a higher level of abstraction as compared to keyword based search by retrieving content that does not contain keywords from the query. The conceptual search consist of three components the user can exploit to build and refine their queries: o An Ontology Browser panel displaying a clinical view, which is a simplified view of the ontology structure enabling the user to exploit relations with connected concepts. o A Concept Finder tool that provides on-type suggestions of concepts in-cluded in the Ontology and/or MeSH and that exploits the multilingual capa-bilities of MeSH. o A Query Building tool where queries are build combining Ontology and MeSH concepts through boolean expressions. • Free-text search: this is also a conceptual-based search allowing the user to sub-mit queries in natural language by exploiting the NLP capabilities. The NLP Tool processes the sentence, keeps the valuable information and the search in-vestigates the associations stored in the Knowledge Cache. This search exploits the multilingual capability of MeSH allowing the user to use concept terms in their languages (currently in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese). To avoid copyright infringement, while guaranteeing a sufficient coverage of the search capabilities, full papers are used only for indexing purpose. The search is per-formed on the metadata and indexed concepts, and displays the results' metadata which also include for published document the related DOI. Therefore access to the document is performed by dereferencing the HTTP URI of the paper's DOI respecting the paper access constraints and users' subscriptions. The solution has been verified to be acceptable for getting access to the bibliography provided by the main publishers.
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2.3 Ontology/thesaurus module This module provides the access to all the domain and linguistic resources used in the annotation and retrieval of medical reference documents enhancing the search functionalities therewith. Through an ad hoc developed API, the Ontology and thesaurus module provides access to: COPD [13], CKD [14] and MLOCC (middle-layer) [15] ontologies; MeSH (English) [2] thesaurus version 2010; MeSH multilingual lexicographic representa-tions (currently the Italian, the Spanish and the Portuguese versions have been pro-vided); mapping between MeSH concepts and correspondent Ontologies classes. The CHRONIOUS ontologies encode expert knowledge relevant to the envisaged domain (COPD and CKD) such as to provide a rich science-driven repository of con-cepts for annotating and searching medical literature in the scope of the project, as well as a wealth of relations to refine domain-specific literature search. The COPD and CKD ontologies are built on top of a Middle Layer Ontology for Clinical Care (MLOCC) whose purpose is to provide a link between the leaves of Basic Formal Ontology [12], a foundational ontology used in the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Foundry [5], and the top-nodes of the domain ontologies. MLOCC represents, as it were, the common core of biomedical and clinical knowledge shared by the COPD and CKD Ontologies. Furthermore, we have expanded the ontology providing reference for selected terms from MeSH. MeSH is a certified and very rich thesaurus, that covers a large part of the concepts pertaining to the medical domains. It is already used to index medical articles, but • it does not deepen specifically the two diseases considered in the project, so it lacks of the required specificity to support in complex search pertaining the con-sidered diseases; • it is not compliant with the newest web standard suggested by the W3C, so it can-not be easily combined with the OWL [11] domain ontologies. In the project, the former limitations are overcome by ontologies about COPD and CKD. However, searching for scientific papers may require to move from concepts strictly related to the aforementioned diseases to concepts less specific and vice versa, thus some connections between the two diseases-specific ontologies and the MeSH concepts are required. For this reason, a MeSH-Ontologies mapping linking the con-cepts provided by MeSH to the ontologies classes has been provided. To ensure that the thesauri and COPD/CKD ontologies can be fruitfully connected, we have SKOSified MeSH and their Multilingual versions: we have mapped\encoded the MeSH content into Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) model fol-lowing the rules discussed in [16] and serialized the SKOS in RDF. SKOSyfied MeSH thesaurus, its translations and its mapping to concept described in the Diseases Ontologies are accessible by API developed in CHONIOUS which relies on the JENA framework [10]. Ontologies are accessible through standard OWL 2 API [17].
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2.4 Ontology enrichment tool As mentioned, since in the project we aim at supporting care givers in remote monitoring and managing chronic patients, for which knowledge and literature are still at their infancy, it is crucial to have tools for helping the upgrade of the ontology when new concepts arise. Therefore, we decided to exploit the possibility of deriving new concepts from pertinent literature in a semi-automatic way. Thus, the so-called ontology enrichment tool has been developed allowing the identification of gaps in the ontologies with respect to newly inserted documents to support the ontology cura-tor. In particular, the tool combines ontology learning techniques and submission functionalities. Methods for ontology learning are based on linguistic, statistical and machine learning approaches. Thus the Ontology Enrichment Tool uses the NLP Tool described in section 2.1 for a linguistic processing of the transformed document data and annotate the text with several features. Based on these annotations candidate con-cepts are extracted in a second step. After the pre-linguistic processing the extracted candidate concepts are rated concerning their relevance by points based on several criteria: • Corpus relevance: the relevance of each candidate concept is determined by com-puting its average Term Frequency Inverted Document Frequency (TF.IDF) value with respect to the whole document corpus. • Domain relevance: matchings with a common dictionary, a domain thesaurus and with regular expression patterns is used to determinate the domain relevance of a candidate concept. The assignment of synonyms results in a higher relevance. This means that the candidate concept has been identified as a synonym of an existing concept (by dictionary synonyms or ontology mapped MeSH thesaurus terms). • Subclass-of relations: the relevance of the candidate concept is raised, if it is possi-ble to assign a subclass-of relation to it. Such an assignment can be determined by the extraction of vertical relations, linguistic patterns or dictionary hypernyms. • Concept co-occurrences: the co-occurrences of the candidate concept with con-cepts in sentences can be considered as an indicator of a possible relation extrac-tion. The average distance in the text between the candidate concept and a concept within the corpus is calculated as a benchmark. Candidate extensions need to be validated by clinicians which are supported by the submission facility of the Ontology Enrichment Tool, i.e. a GUI that allows the user review the extracted data. Furthermore the user has the possibility to administrate the candidate concepts in terms of a workflow state ("new", "to validate", "postponed", "accepted" or "rejected"). In this way the submission function of the Enrichment Tool provides suggestions for new concepts (possibly with subclass-of relation assignment) or new labels of existing concepts, but modifications of the ontology must still be done by the ontology expert with an external tool (e.g. Protégé).
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3 Evaluation Building domain-specific ontology requires large involvement of experts and close cooperation with technical partners. Both the CHRONIOUS ontologies developed by computer engineers and the mapping relations between MeSH concepts and ontology classes have been evaluated by medical experts. Questionnaires checking the agree-ment among medical experts on the correctness of the developed ontologies and of the MeSH mapping relations have been created by test engineers and filled in by COPD and CKD clinicians. The evaluation result shows that most of the ontology classes have been defined correctly, a few ontology classes needed to be modified (eight of 964 COPD classes and nine of 972 CKD classes), and together 150 new classes needed to be added (80 new classes for COPD ontology and 70 for CKD ontology). That is less than 7.8% of the total number of defined ontology classes. Furthermore, 42 of 120 mapping relations between MeSH concepts and COPD ontology classes, as well as 43 of 138 mapping relations between MeSH concepts and CKD ontology classes have been modified. The CHRONIOUS search mechanism overcome Google Scholar, PubMed and GoPubMed by combining the MeSH potentiality with the two specific domain ontologies. Indeed Google Scholar supports the search of documents by providing a simple search by keyword mechanism. Such a mechanism is based on a pure syntactical search of the documents, without taking into account any semantic interpretation of the proposed query. As a consequence, two queries having different syntax but equivalent semantics yield different search results. PubMed improves Google Scholar by exploiting the synonymous provided by MeSH, where the thesau-rus is used to produce a semantic interpretation of the query keyword mechanism. The GoPubMed search engine, improves PubMed by considering the concepts of Gene ontology (GO) during the query refinement step. In this case, the clinicians are facili-tated during the query composition by exploiting both the terms of MeSH and the terms carried by the Gene ontology. Neither PubMed nor GoPubMed are supported by the specific knowledge related to the specific domain of the COPD and CKD on-tology that provide additional structure and depth as far as knowledge items are con-cerned; this additional representational power is exploited to improve annotation of and hence search over medical literature. In order to complete the previous qualitative comparison of the CHRONIOUS Conceptual Search, a quantitative evaluation of the performance of the system, i.e., the exactness and completeness of its search result, has been evaluated. Exactness (or Precision) measures the number of correctly found documents – documents which are relevant to the search query – as a percentage of the number of documents found, whereas completeness (or Recall) measures the number of correctly found documents as a percentage of the total number of existing relevant documents. Usually, Precision and Recall scores are not discussed in isolation. Instead, both are combined into a single measure – the F-measure [18], which is the weighted harmonic mean value of Precision and Recall. To quantitatively evaluate the search performance of the CHRONIOUS Conceptual Search, seven commonly used COPD terms and five CKD terms have been defined by medical experts as search queries. The F-measure of search results of each search query with the CHRONIOUS Conceptual Search has
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been calculated and compared with one of the most popular text-based search engines – PubMed Central. To have meaningful comparison of the two systems we executed the test with same document database. Thus, documents meeting with certain limita-tions (e.g., published in a specific year, contain specific terms in their text body, open access, etc.) have been downloaded from PubMed Central and uploaded into the CHRONIOUS document repository. The evaluation result shows that the overall search performance of CHRONIOUS Conceptual Search with defined search queries is in most cases better than PubMed Central. Fig 2 shows the F-measure comparison results with two search terms: "Inhaler Device" and "PostBronchodilator Spirome-try".1 Furthermore, the overall end user satisfaction of the CHRONIOUS Search Module has been investigated with the medical experts by a questionnaire. The evaluation has shown that 90% of them generally accept the Conceptual Search de-velopment and 60% of them gave positive evaluation ("Somewhat satisfied") to the Free-text Search option. Fig. 2. F-measure comparison between CHRONIOUS Conceptual Search and PubMed Central with search query (a) "Inhaler Device" and (b) "PostBronchodilator Spirometry". The X-axis presents the estimated total number of existing relevant documents in the repository for the corresponding search query (increased incrementally). 4 Conclusions In this paper, we presented a literature search module developed within the FP7 IP Project CHRONIOUS to complement out of shell search modules such as Google Scholar, PubMed and GoPubmed by improving the search capabilities within the COPD and CKD pathologies, and by providing the possibility to index and retrieve hospital-specific internal documentation. The adopted ontology-thesaurus approach aims at overcoming limitations of pure syntactical document search, in which two queries having different syntax but equivalent semantics yield different search results. The search mechanism combines MeSH terminological power with formal knowledge 1 The search results of COPD terms have been retrieved from 930 documents that were published from January 1st to December 31st, 2008 and contained the term "COPD" in their text (incl. title, abstract, text body, figure/table caption, etc.).
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of the domains specified by the ontologies. MeSH and domain ontologies do not compete, but fulfill complementary tasks. MeSH provides well-established generic medical terminology, multilingual lexical representations and synonyms while do-main ontologies provide additional representational power can be harnessed to im-prove medical literature annotation and retrieval. Acknowledgements. This research has been supported by the IP project CHRONIOUS (EU Contract N. FP7-ICT-2007–1–216461). The authors want to thanks all the partners for their support. This paper was written as a joint contribution; authors are listed in alphabetical order grouped by their affiliations, besides they have equally contributed to this paper. References 1. Schneider, L., Brochhausen, M.,: The CHRONIOUS Ontology Suite: Methodology and Design Principles. Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomedical Ontology, University at Buffalo, NY July 26-30, 2011 Medical?? Subject?? Headings?? (MeSH),?? http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh Brochhausen, M., Spear, A.D., Cocos, C., Weiler, G., Martin,V., Anguita, A., Stenzhorn, H., Daskalaki, E., Schera, F., Schwarz, U.,. Sfakianakis S., Kiefer, S., Doerr, M., Graf, N., Tsiknakis M.,: The ACGT Master Ontology and Its Applications - Towards an Ontology-Driven Cancer Research and Management System. Journal of Biomedical Informatics. E-published ahead of print. (2010), DOI 10.1016/j.jbi.2010.04.008 Smith, B., Ceusters, W., Klagges, B., Kohler, J., Kumar, A., Lomax, J., Mungall, C.J., Neuhaus, F., Rector, A., Rosse C. : Relations in Biomedical Ontologies, Genome Biology, 2005, 6:R46 The Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies Foundry, http://www.obofoundry.org/ The GATE framework, http://gate.ac.uk/ OntoRoot Gazetteer, http://gate.ac.uk/sale/tao/splitch13.html#sec:gazetteers:ontoRootGaz Text2Onto project, http://code.google.com/p/text2onto/ WordNet, http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ 10. JENA – A Semantic Web Framework for Java http://jena.sourceforge.net/ 11. OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Primer W3C Recommendation 27 October 2009 http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-primer/ 12. Spear, A.: Ontology for the Twenty First Century: An Introduction with Recommendations, BFO manual, 2006 13. Chronic obstructive pulmonary http://www.ifomis.org/chronious/copd 14. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) ontology, http://www.ifomis.org/chronious/ckd 15. Middle Layer Ontology http://www.ifomis.org/chronious/mlocc 16. Van Assem, M., Malaisé, V., Miles, A., Schreiber, G.: A method to convert thesauri to SKOS, The Semantic Web: Research and Applications, ESWC 2006 LNCS, Vol. 4011, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, (2006) 17. The OWL API, http://owlapi.sourceforge.net/ 18. van Rijsbergen, C.J.: Information Retrieval (2nd ed.) Edn. Butterworth, 1979 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. disease (COPD) ontology, for Clinical Care (MLOCC),