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Why Read This ReportThe information and communications technology (ICT) industry is facing the next big wave of verticalization. With business challenges becoming increasingly complex, ICT solutions to address and solve these challenges need to become more tailored to specific industry verticals. The oil and gas industry is a huge opportunity for ICT vendors because of its high-tech nature, market size, and consolidation. But how does a vendor successfully penetrate the oil and gas industry? This report is the first in a series that will help ICT vendor strategists understand the key market dynamics in the energy industry and build the right strategy to tap into its market potential.
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- The Tech Industry Context For The Oil And Gas Industry ICT Market
- Verticalization Is Key For ICT Vendor Success
- The ICT Market In The Oil And Gas Industry
- The Oil And Gas Industry In Transition
- Energize Your ICT Business
RECOMMENDATIONSICT Vendors Need To Embrace The Oil And Gas Industry
WHAT IT MEANSImplementing The Digital Drop
- Related Research Documents
Models & Calculators:
The Tech Industry Wheel In The Oil And Gas Industry
Models & Calculators:
Forecast: Global Oil And Gas ICT Budget Spending, 2010 To 2013


text: Athletes training for strength and power should consume between 0.77 and 0.90 gram of protein per pound of body weight daily, recommends the International Society of Sports Nutrition. Intense workouts increase your muscles' amino acids demands, and amino acids are the building blocks of protein. If you're a 180-pound guy looking to consume 164 grams of protein per day, you won't do yourself any favors downing it all in one or two sittings, though. Spread your protein intake out over five to six meals eaten throughout the day. Your body can't store excess amino acids for later use -- they're either broken down and used for energy, excreted from the body or stored as fat.

subset: commoncrawl


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25 Free Craft Projects for Every Crafter - The Ultimate Craft Guide
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Stateline Bags
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State Line Bags
Gifted by State Line Bag Company
Reviewed by Melissa Conner
Perfect for gift gifting, storage, or bundling up party favors for a wedding or party, these State Line bags are a crafter's dream come true!
These cotton drawstring bags come in a wide variety of sizes, from tiny jewelry bags to backpacks that are great for taking to a sleepover or the gym. They're easy to decorate, washable, and durable...and kids and adults alike will love adding their own flair to their bags!
I took a handful of bags home and gathered my family together for a little craft time. I pulled out all my supplies and told everyone to go crazy! It was amazing what could be done with these bags. You could use paint, rubber stamps, embroidery, markers, and several other tools and techniques to add your own touch to these cotton Muslin bags.
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Great for parties and gatherings, as well as craft time with the kids, these State Line Bags inspire creativity and leave the door wide open for kids and adults to add their own special touch to their cotton bag of choice.
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catheyfaye 0341397
Oct 02, 2012
These bags remind me of old flour sacks. because they come in a variety of sizes these would be great to embroider, cross stitch or stencil to be made into pillow cases, kitchen curtains or dish towels
Sep 21, 2012
These would be good for Alzheimer's quilt. Sounds good.
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Vintage Printed Souvenir High-Waisted Skirt
Style: 19915925
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Discussion about this Product:
Veronica [ERR:at] 11:53 PM [ERR:on] 6/13/2012
"Where is this skirt exactly from?"
Vintage Loves at9:17 AM vintage loves on 6/14/2012
"Hello, Unfortunately we don't have any additional information. The skirt contains vintage images of travel spots such as the Grand Canyon, Salt Lake City, and Mt. Rushmore. Hope this helps! "
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Length: 29"
Condition: 6 out of 8, 8 being "like new".


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As Central American child migrant flows have returned to their precrisis level, challenges remain concerning the fate of tens of thousands of newly arrived children and families now residing in the United States pending immigration court hearings. Meanwhile, Congress has declined to authorize new funding to address the situation.
Central American migrants have long hopped freight trains known as "La Bestia," or the beast, to get through Mexico en route to the United States. While Mexico has been accused of turning a blind eye to this traffic, U.S. outcry over the surge of unaccompanied child migrants has drawn new attention to the use of the trains. This article highlights the journey aboard the trains, the dangers faced by migrants, and responses by the Mexican government and others.
When Congress returns from recess in September, lawmakers will need to pick up where they left off on approving an emergency spending bill to address unaccompanied migrant children at the border. This article previews upcoming battles in Congress and analyzes how the recent border crisis is changing the broader immigration debate in the United States.
The phenomenon of unaccompanied children arriving at the U.S.-Mexico border, typically after an arduous and often dangerous journey through Central America and Mexico, has reached a crisis proportion, with a 90 percent spike in arrivals from last year and predictions of future increases ahead.
Internal migration spurred primarily by employment and marriage helps shape the economic, social, and political life of India's sending and receiving regions. Labor migrants face myriad challenges, including restricted access to basic needs such as identity documentation and social entitlements. This article describes the barriers to integration that labor migrants face, and details the policy environment surrounding their integration challenges.
In 2012, the United States granted humanitarian protection to more than 87,000 people, with grants of asylum up 19 percent and refugee admissions up 3 percent from a year earlier. This article provides a detailed look at the most recent refugee and asylum data in the United States, including country of origin, top states of settlement, and more.


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This site is supported by donations to The OEIS Foundation.
From OeisWiki
Welcome to The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences® (OEIS®) Wiki
This page is currently under construction.
Like us on Facebook!
See here
Some Famous Sequences
Click on any of the following to see examples of famous sequences in the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (the OEIS), then hit "Back" in your browser to return here:
- Recamán's sequence, A005132
- The Busy Beaver problem, A060843
- The Catalan numbers, A000108
- The prime numbers, A000040
- The Mersenne primes, A000043 and A000668
- The Fibonacci numbers, A000045
For some other fascinating sequences see the OEIS Poster.
General Information About OEIS
- Most people use the OEIS to get information about a particular number sequence. If you are a new visitor, then you might ask the database if it can recognize your favorite sequence, if you have one. To do this, go to the main look-up page, enter the sequence, and click Submit. You could also look for your sequence in the Index.
- You might also look at the demonstration pages to see more examples of how to use the OEIS.
- If your favorite sequence isn't in the database, and if it is interesting, please submit it using the web page for Contributing a new sequence or comment. Of course the sequence should be well-defined, of general interest and ideally it should be infinite. Short sequences such as phone numbers are not appropriate. Before submitting a new sequence, you must first register.
- If you have stumped the database, you can try Superseeker, which tries really hard to identify a sequence. Send an empty email message to email@example.com to get instructions.
- You can browse the database, using the WebCam. This can be set to look at the most interesting sequences, recent additions, or sequences needing more terms. It can be quite addictive!
- It is also interesting to browse the Index to the OEIS to see the variety of topics that are covered. In a way the OEIS can be regarded as an index to all of science. It is like a dictionary or fingerprint file for number sequences.
- Also worth visiting are the pages dealing with Puzzle sequences, Classic sequences and Hot sequences.
- You might also like to see a list of papers that have acknowledged help from the database and some comments from readers.
Introductory chapters from the 1973 and 1995 books
The introductory chapters from N. J. A. Sloane's Handbook of Integer Sequences (1973) (click here) and N. J. A. Sloane and S. Plouffe's Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (1995) (click here) contain much useful information about analyzing an unknown sequence and many other topics.
Description of OEIS entries (or, What is the Next Term?)
What comes next after 1, 2, 4, 9, 20, 48, 115, 286, 719, ... (for example)? This is the place to find out! (Answer: click here.)
- The main table in the OEIS is a collection of about 200000 number sequences. The entry for each sequence gives some or all of:
- the beginning of the sequence
- its name or description
- a graph of the sequence
- additional comments
- the offset (index of first term)
- references or links
- formulas
- computer programs
- cross-references to other sequences
- the sequence converted to music
- the name of the person who submitted it
- the history of the OEIS entry
- For further information about the format of replies received from the database, click here. See also the hints file for further useful information.
- The sequence pages have little buttons at the top marked "list", "graph", "refs", "listen", "history", "internal format", and sometimes "table" and "edit".
- "list" produces a numbered list of the terms, plus a bracketed list suitable for importing into other programs such as Maple, Mathemtica, PARI, etc.
- "refs" shows all the sequences which reference this one.
- "table": If the sequence is formed by reading a triangle across rows (or by reading a table by antidiagonals), this button produces three different two-dimensional views of the sequence. For an example, see Pascal's triangle, A007318.
- "graph" produces two plots of the sequence. The first is a pin plot of the first 200 terms (less if fewer terms are available), the second is a linear or log scatter-plot of all available terms, using terms from the b-file if there is one. Some noteworthy plots are the Fibonacci numbers A000045, the partition numbers A000041, the Euler phi-function A000010, etc.
- "listen" produces a midi file so that you can listen to the sequence. The first time you use it you will probably have to tell your browser to allow popups from the OEIS web site. Try listening to Recaman's sequence A005132, turn the volume up to 127 and set the instrument to #103 !
- "history" shows the history of changes to this entry.
- "edit" (you will see this only if you are a registered user) enables you to propose changes to the sequence.
- "Internal format" shows the various sections of the entry for this sequence in the internal format.
OEIS: Brief History
The sequence database was begun by Neil J. A. Sloane (henceforth, "NJAS") in early 1964 when he was a graduate student at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY. He had encountered a sequence of numbers while working on his dissertation, namely 1, 8, 78, 944, ... (now entry A000435 in the OEIS), and was looking for a formula for the n-th term, in order to determine the rate of growth of the terms.
He noticed that although several books in the Cornell library contained sequences somewhat similar to this, this particular sequence was not mentioned. In order to keep track of the sequences in these books, NJAS started recording them on file cards, which he sorted into lexicographic order.
Here is a scan of the page in NJAS's thesis notebook with the very first collection of sequences. (The sequences mentioned are A000027, A000217, A000292, A000332, A000389, A000579, A000110, A007318, A000058, A000215, A000289, A000324, A234953 (= A001854(n)/n), A000435, A000169, A000142, A000272, A000312, A000111.) This is the acorn from which the OEIS grew. The date is January or February, 1964.
The sequences were transferred to punched cards in 1967, and were made into a book in 1973 ("A Handbook of Integer Sequences", by NJAS, Academic Press, NY). This book contained 2372 sequences.
[Incidentally, today these cards are sometimes referred to as "punch cards" (sic). This is wrong, they were always called "punched cards". Anyone who says "punch cards" is showing they know nothing about the subject. Saying "punch cards" is like saying "hike boots" or "walk stick" or "chew gum".]
NJAS joined AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1969. Following the publication of the book, a large amount of correspondence ensued, with suggestions for further sequences and updates to the existing entries. Many people remarked how useful they found the book, and how surprising it was that no one had published such a collection before.
By the early 1990's over a cubic meter of correspondence had accumulated. A Canadian mathematician, Simon Plouffe, offered to help in preparing a revised edition of the book, and in 1995 "The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences", by NJAS and Simon Plouffe, was published by Academic Press, San Diego. It contained 5487 sequences, occupying 587 pages. (Incidentally, Simon Plouffe is now one of the Trustees of The OEIS Foundation Inc..)
Again, once the book appeared, many further sequences and updates were submitted from people all over the world. NJAS waited a year, until the size of the collection had doubled, to 10000 entries, and then in 1996 he launched The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences® (OEIS®) on the Internet. From 1996 until October 26, 2009, this was part of NJAS's home page on the AT&T Labs website.
During this period, from 1996 to 2009, the database grew by at least 10000 entries per year (18000 new sequences were added in 2009 alone). If it were to be published in book form today, the OEIS would require over 750 volumes, each the size of the 1995 book.
Starting in 2002, NJAS added a group of associate editors to help process submissions. However, because they did not have access to the computer where the database was maintained, almost all the work of updating had to be done single-handedly by NJAS. This involves processing 100 or 200 emails every day, and was getting to be beyond what one person can handle.
In 2009, therefore, it was decided to make a drastic change. NJAS set up a non-profit foundation, The OEIS Foundation Inc., whose purpose is to own, maintain and raise funds to support The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences® (OEIS®). On October 26, 2009, NJAS transferred the intellectual property of The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences to the Foundation and work was begun on moving the database from NJAS's home page at AT&T to a commercial hosting service.
Since Nov 11 2010 the OEIS has been running as a moderated wiki on its own web site, http://oeis.org. The conversion to a wiki — a monumental task — was carried out by Russ Cox. David Applegate is the OEIS webmaster. See the OEIS Foundation http://oeisf.org for more information about the history of the OEIS and its conversion to a wiki. Users of the OEIS are urged to donate to the OEIS Foundation!
OEIS: The Movie
To celebrate the launching of The OEIS Foundation Inc, Tony Noe has made an 8.5-minute movie showing graphs of the first 1000 terms of 1000 sequences, with soundtrack from Recaman's sequence A005132.
There are four ways to view the movie:
- On YouTube (you can find it by searching for "OEIS" and "Movie").
- By downloading a 5 MB QuickTime movie that is viewable with QuickTime Player 7 and some browsers.
- By downloading a 27 MB movie that uses the H264 codec and AAC sound. This movie is viewable on recent versions of Windows Media Player and most up-to-date browsers.
- By going to Tony Noe's website for a frame-by-frame display, with links to the definitions of the sequences.
(Incidentally, you can convert the movie to just about any other format at http://www.media-convert.com, without downloading any software).
Arrangement of Sequences in Database
- Sequences in the OEIS are arranged in lexicographic order, indexed by the position of the first term that is greater than 1 in absolute value. Sequences that contain only 0's, 1's and -1's are in lexicographic order by absolute value at the beginning of the table.
- Thus there is an essentially unique place to look in order to see if a sequence is already in the table. (If it isn't, submit it and it will added if it is sufficiently interesting - see contributing a new sequence or comment.)
- Each entry in the OEIS has a link called Sequence in context, which shows the three sequences immediately before and after it in the lexicographic order. (If you don't see it, click on the A-number.)
- There is also a link called Adjacent sequences, which shows the three entries whose A-numbers are immediately before and after the current sequence.
- These two links can be very useful when you are looking for a sequence in the OEIS but you are not sure of some of the terms.
Format Used in Replies From the Database
For information about the format of replies received from the database, click here. See also the hints file for further useful information.
- There is an Index to the most important sequences.
- The main look-up page will also allow you to search for a word (or do much more complicated searches) in the database.
Sequences Which Agree For a Long Time
- People are always asking about this, so there is a section about them in the Index.
Recent Additions
- Recent additions to the OEIS can be seen by clicking the Recent Additions link.
- You can also browse the recent additions using the WebCam.
Compressed Versions
- There is a gzipped file containing just the sequences and their A-numbers (about 9 megs)
- There is also a gzipped file containing just the names of the sequences and their A-numbers (about 3 megs)
Contributing a New Sequence, Comment or More Terms
- For contributing a new sequence, comment or more terms for an existing sequence, see this page.
- Want to help?
- See the web page Sequences that need more terms
- Or use the WebCam to browse the sequences that need more terms
- or use the main look-up page to search for the keyword more
- See also the page future projects (this page needs updating)
OEIS Search Bar
To add an OEIS search bar to your browser, see the instructions here.
Email Addresses, Getting in Touch With Authors
The Classic OEIS provides email addresses (in disguised form) for all contributors. This is essential in a scientific database, in order that questions involving definitions, possible errors, etc., can be discussed. In the OEIS Wiki, however, email addresses will not be made public. A different mechanism will be used for getting in touch with authors.
First, find the author in the list of Registered Users and go to the author's User Page. Click the Discussion Tab to go to the User Talk page. Then click on the Edit/+ Tab to enter a message. Sign the message by typing ~~~~ (four tildes) when you are done. Then be sure to click both Preview and Save Page. This should trigger an email message to the author.
There are several web pages that provide advice on editing Talk Pages. See for example Wikipedia's Help:Using Talk Pages.
Hilarie Orman has volunteered to serve as an ombudsman to help resolve disputes with contributors. She can be reached through her user page on this wiki.
Sequences in Classic Books
These files contain concordances to the sequences mentioned in certain classic books.
- L. Comtet's Advanced Combinatorics
- P. Flajolet and R. Sedgewick's Analytic Combinatorics (Does not yet exist)
- R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik's Concrete Mathematics
- F. Harary and E. M. Palmer's Graphical Enumeration
- R. P. Stanley's Enumerative Combinatorics.
- Papers Citing the Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. Shows some of the ways that people have used the database.
Referencing the OEIS
If the database helped your work and you wish to reference it, the usual citation is something like this:
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, published electronically at http://oeis.org, 2010.
- The URL for the main lookup page is http://oeis.org
- The URL for the present page is http://oeis.org/wiki/Welcome
Referencing a Particular Sequence
- If you are writing a paper and wish to refer the Catalan numbers, say (sequence A000108), but don't want to digress to describe them, simply add a reference or link that points directly to that sequence in the OEIS.
- The URL for sequence A000108 (for example) is http://oeis.org/A000108.
- A text reference might say:
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, published electronically at http://oeis.org, 2010, Sequence A000108
or, if it is clear who "discovered" the sequence, something like
J. H. Conway, Sequence A007970 in The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (2010), published electronically at http://oeis.org.
- In an HTML file one might say something like this: ... where the C(n) are the Catalan numbers (Sequence A000108 in [OEIS]).
- A very large number of people have contributed to the database, and it would be impossible to thank them individually. Their names can be seen throughout the nearly 200000 entries.
- Special thanks to Antti Karttunen, who wrote the program that displays sequences based on arrays (those with keyword "tabl") in three different two-dimensional formats. To see this, look at some of the following sequences, and click on the keyword "tabl":
- At the end of 2005, Alex Healy and Russ Cox (rsc(AT)swtch.com) made a huge contribution to OEIS by greatly speeding up the search process in the Classic OEIS. The first versions of the new programs were written by Alex Healy and the final versions by Russ Cox. David Applegate helped install them. The new searches were much faster than the old ones and can handle much more complicated queries. See the hints file for details.
- During 2009-2010, David Applegate has been working on the enormous tasks of (1) moving the OEIS from Neil Sloane's home page at AT&T to its new home at oeis.org/classic, and (2) converting it to a wiki format at oeis.org/wiki. The second step has turned out to be unexpectedly difficult, because we discovered that the Wikimedia software is unsuitable for performing the kind of searches needed for the OEIS. Russ Cox has also been helping solve this problem. It is hoped that this work will be completed in the summer of 2010.
Related OEIS Pages
Some of these are links to the Classic OEIS. They will be gradually be replaced by links to the OEIS Wiki. Also several of these pages still need to be converted from html to wikimedia.
- Main look-up page
- Lookup hints
- Welcome page (this page)
- Index to OEIS
- Classic OEIS
- OEIS in other languages (use the Classic OEIS)
- The OEIS Foundation Inc.
- Register (an account is necessary to contribute to the Wiki).
- Registered Users
- Contributing a new sequence, comment or more terms for an existing sequence
- Editorial Board
- Format (1), Format (2)
- Transformations of sequences
- Maple or Mathematica (see EISFormat.m) scripts to format sequences
- OEIS FAQ, Wiki FAQ
- OEIS 100K E-Party
- Demonstration pages
- OEIS WebCam
- Sequences that need more terms
- Future projects (this page needs updating)
- Index to Fractions
- Find Friends
- Music (this page needs updating)
- Plot one sequence against another
- Puzzle sequences, Classic sequences, Hot sequences (these pages need to be updated)
- More Pages (Wiki version), More Pages (Classic version)
Links to Other Sites
- b-file Maple programs written by R. J. Mathar
- Caldwell's Prime Pages
- Combinatorial Object Server
- Davalan's Jeux et Mathématiques
- De Geest's World of Numbers
- Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures
- Finch's Mathematical Constants
- Geometry Junkyard
- Journal of Integer Sequences
- MathSciNet
- The Nth Prime Page
- Plouffe's Inverter (see also the Inverse Symbolic Calculator)
- SeqFan Mailing List
- Primo
- Neil Sloane's home page
- Eric Weisstein's MathWorld
OEIS Mentioned in WolframAlpha Timeline
- The OEIS appears (under 1973) in WolframAlpha's Timeline of Systematic Data and the Development of Computable Knowledge, which extends from cave paintings to the present day.
Awards and press clippings
See the separate Awards and press clippings page for the full list back to the 1970s.
- The Dutch magazine Pythagoras has an ongoing series of articles about number sequences, many of which mention the OEIS. Four parts have appeared so far: Een Lexicon vol Getallen ["A Dictionary of Numbers"] (Sept. 2015), Getallenplantjes ["Number plants" (?)] (Oct. 2015), Driehoeksgetallen ["Triangular numbers"] (Nov. 2015), Een bizarre rij [A bizarre sequence] (Dec. 2015).
- Margaret Wertheim, The Fax Numbers of the Beast, and Other Mathematical Sports: An Interview with Neil Sloane, Cabinet Magazine, Issue 57, Spring 2015, pages 48-54.
- Siobhan Roberts, How to Build a Search Engine for Mathematics: The surprising power of Neil Sloane's Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Nautilus Magazine, Issue 29, Chapter 4, Oct 22 2015.
- Eric Egge in Defying God: The Stanley-Wilf Conjecture, Stanley-Wilf Limits, and a Two-Generation Explosion of Combinatorics, pp. 65-82 of A Century of Advancing Mathematic, ed. S. F. Kennedy et al., MAA Press 2015, says: "When we enter our terms 1, 2, 6; 22, 91, 408, 1938, 9614 into the OEIS search box, we are rewarded with a description of the sequence .... In hindsight it's amusing that Sloane called his [1973] book "A Handbook," as though there might be competitors. There are none, and the OEIS is a required stop for anyone who encounters an integer sequence they don't recognize. It's no exaggeration to observe that in certain parts of combinatorics, the OEIS alone has increased the rate of new discoveries by an order of magnitude."
- Featured by Slashdot on August 7 2015
- Erica Klarreich, The Connoisseur of Number Sequences, Quanta Magazine, August 6 2015 (Interview with Neil Sloane about the OEIS)
- Hacker News discussion of OEIS, July 21 2015
- Article by Vijayakumar Ambat in Malayalam (a regional language of India) in the newspaper Malayala Manorama - Padhippura, 12 June 2015, that mentions the OEIS.
- Video interview about the OEIS by Marc Chamberland made at the Joint Math Meetings in San Antoio, Texas, Jan. 2015.
- Alex Bellos, Neil Sloane: the man who loved only integer sequences, Alexs-adventures-in-numberland blog, The Guardian, Oct 07 2014.
Copyright Notice
This database and its associated files are copyright 2015 by The OEIS Foundation Inc..


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Tag "android jelly bean"
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Android 4.3 spied on Samsung Galaxy S4
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Well, this is certainly interesting. A list of HTC devices expected to receive Android 4.3 updates has surfaced before Google has even confirmed that such a version of Android exists.
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It looks like LG is expanding their L-series with two new devices according to the Russian website Hi-Tech.Mail.Ru. According to their sources, LG will begin releasing the LG Optimus L4
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Hope you're not sick of hearing about Samsung yet, because we read some interesting news from the techie site technobuffalo.com this morning that we want to share with you. All
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Google makes Android 4.2 Jelly Bean SDK platform available
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Samsung confirmed to deliver Android 4.1 to Galaxy S III in October
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CSR Technology Inc.
|CSR Technology Inc. Patent applications
|Patent application number
|ACOUSTIC ECHO CANCELLATION (AEC) FOR A CLOSE-COUPLED SPEAKER AND MICROPHONE SYSTEM - Embodiments are directed towards providing acoustic echo cancellation in a closely-coupled microphone/speaker system. A speaker may produce an audible signal from a reference signal, which may be captured with a microphone. Full band cancellation (FBC) may modify the captured signal to suppress an echo of the reference signal caused by a direct acoustic path between the microphone and speaker. FBC may include a fixed filter and an adaptive filter. The fixed filter may modify the captured signal based on the reference signal. The adaptive filter may automatically adapt based on the captured signal and the reference signal. If a comparison of a performance of the adaptive filter and the fixed filter is above a threshold, then the fixed filter may be updated based on the adaptive filter. Subband acoustic echo cancellation may generate an output signal that suppresses residual echoes of the reference signal based on the modified signal.
|METHOD, APPARATUS, AND MANUFACTURE OF ADAPTIVE NULL BEAMFORMING FOR A TWO-MICROPHONE ARRAY - A method, apparatus, and manufacture of beamforming is provided. Adaptive null beamforming is performed for signals from first and second microphones of a two-microphone array. The signals from the microphones are decomposed into subbands. Beamforming weights are evaluated and adaptively updated over time based, at least in part, on the direction of arrival and distance of the target signal. The beamforming weights are applied to the subbands at each updated time interval. Each subband is then combined.
|METHOD, APPARATUS, AND MANUFACTURE FOR TWO-MICROPHONE ARRAY SPEECH ENHANCEMENT FOR AN AUTOMOTIVE ENVIRONMENT - A method, apparatus, and manufacture for speech enhancement in an automotive environment is provided. Signals from first and second microphones of a two-microphone array are decomposed into subbands. At least one signal processing method is performed on the each subband of the decomposed signals to provide a first signal processing output signal and a second signal processing output signal. Subsequently, an acoustic events detection determination is made as to whether the driver, the front passenger, or neither is speaking. An acoustic events detection output signal is provided by selecting the first or second signal processing output signal and by either attenuating the selected signal or not, based on a currently selected operating mode and based on the result of the acoustic events detection determination. Each subband of the acoustics events detection output signal is then combined.
|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REAL TIME 2D TO 3D CONVERSION OF A VIDEO IN A DIGITAL CAMERA - Embodiments are directed towards enabling digital cameras to create a 3D view, which can be re-rendered onto any object within a scene, so that it is both in focus and a center of perspective, based on capturing a single set of multiple 2D images of the scene. From capturing a single set of 2D images for a scene, a depth map of the scene may be generated, and used to calculate principal depths, which are then used to capture an image focused at each of the principal depths. A correspondence between a 2D image of the scene and the principal depths are determined that corresponds to a specific principal depth. For different coordinates of the 2D image, different 3D views of the scene are created that are each focused at a principal dept that corresponds to the given coordinate.
|CAMERA HAVING ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONALITY BASED ON CONNECTIVITY WITH A HOST DEVICE - Embodiments may be directed to lens cameras which may be cameras arranged as a sensor in a lens cap. A lens camera may comprise a printed circuit board with a digital image sensor and associated components enclosed in a cylindrical body that may be constructed of metal, plastic, or the like, or combination thereof. Lens cameras may be fitted with lens mounts for attaching host devices, cameras, interchangeable lens, or the like. Lens mounts on a lens camera may be arranged to be compatible with one or more standard lens mounts. Accordingly, a lens camera may be attached to cameras that have compatible lens mounts. Also, interchangeable lens having lens mounts compatible with the lens camera may be attached to the lens camera. Further, lens cameras may communicate with host devices using wired or wireless communication facilities.
|Method and Apparatus for Determining Walking Direction for a Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Process - The present invention relates generally to position determination, and more particularly to methods and apparatuses to determine the walking direction (heading of a user) using MEMS inertial sensors commonly found in mobile devices such as cellphones. According to some aspects, the invention includes a methodology to allow the walking angle to be determined dynamically. In embodiments, the methodology includes pattern matching accelerometer measurement data to a reference acceleration pattern.
|DEPTH ESTIMATION BASED ON INTERPOLATION OF INVERSE FOCUS STATISTICS - Embodiments are directed towards performing depth estimation within a digital camera system based on interpolation of inverse focus statistics. After an image is captured, various statistics or focus measure may be calculated using, for example, a high pass filter. Depth is estimated by interpolating the inverse of the statistics for three positions of focus for the image. The inverse of the statistics, St(n), may be 1/St(n), or 1/St
|PACKET-LOSS CONCEALMENT IMPROVEMENT - A method of updating the state of a decoder that decodes a wide-band signal including a plurality of sub-band signals, including: receiving the plurality of sub-band signals; for each sub-band signal, storing portions of that sub-band signal in a respective buffer; responsive to determining that a portion of the wide-band signal is degraded, performing a packet loss concealment algorithm to determine wide-band replacement data for the degraded portion; selecting a portion of the sub-band signal stored in each buffer in dependence on the determined wide-band replacement data; and updating the state of the decoder using the selected portions.
|METHOD FOR CREATING AUTOMATIC CINEMAGRAPHS ON AN IMAGING DEVICE - Embodiments are directed towards automatically creating a cinemagraph on at least an imaging device, where the cinemagraph can be created without additional user interaction beyond capturing an initial sequence of images, and indicating that a cinemagraph is to be created from the sequence. Automatic creation of the cinemagraph includes selecting an anchor frame within the sequence and aligning the other frames to the anchor frame. Detection and segmentation of moving objects within the sequence, with respect to the anchor frame are performed. A mask is generated and refined. Segmentation of masks are then unified, and combined with a background from the anchor frame to generate an animated sequence.
|USER DESIGNED ACTIVE NOISE CANCELLATION (ANC) CONTROLLER FOR HEADPHONES - Embodiments are directed towards enabling headphones to perform active noise cancellation for a particular user. Each separate user may enable individualized noise canceling headphones for one or more noise environments. When the user is wearing the headphones in a quiet environment, a user may employ a computer to initiate determination of a plant model of each ear cup specific to the user. When the user is wearing the headphones in a target noise environment, the user may utilize the computer to initiate determination of operating parameters of a controller for each ear cup of the headphones. The computer may provide the operating parameters of each controller to the headphones. And the operation of each controller may be updated based on the determined operating parameters. The updated headphones may be utilized by the user to provide active noise cancellation.
|SYSTEM-LEVEL ADAPTIVE MINIMIZATION OF INTERFERENCE IN MULTI-FUNCTION RADIOS - A method and apparatus that mitigates self-interference among various receivers and transmitters in a multifunction radio includes a transmitter operating in a first frequency band and a receiver operating in a second frequency band, different from the first frequency band. Jamming factors for multiple frequency channels in the first frequency band are calculated based on possible interference with the second frequency band by artifacts of the respective frequency channels. The frequency channel having the smallest jamming factor is selected as the frequency to be used by the transmitter.
|Serial Data Interface for Software-Defined Radio System - A radio system comprises a front-end receiver for receiving an RF signal and converting the RF signal into a digital payload signal. The system further comprises a base-band processor for processing the digital payload signal, and a serial data interface over which the front-end communicates the digital payload signal and meta data to the base-band processor. The meta data may comprise information indicating whether a corresponding digital payload signal communicated over the serial data interface is valid and additional information of the front-end status, e.g. gain or state of tuning.
|Methods and Apparatuses for Multipath Estimation and Correction in GNSS Navigation Systems - The present invention relates generally to methods and apparatuses for estimating and correcting for multipath in GNSS navigation systems. According to some aspects, the invention takes advantage of situations where position and estimated position error are reasonably stable so as to detect when large multipath errors are present with confidence. After detection, the slowly varying biases from multipath or other un-modeled sources can be modeled separately from the navigation state. This makes it possible to keep the measurements in the solution without biasing the navigation state and further ignores the long-term biases for use over short-term periods with minimized pseudorange error when necessary.
|METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE EXTENT OF A FOREGROUND OBJECT IN AN IMAGE - Embodiments are directed towards determining within a digital camera whether a pixel belongs to a foreground or background segment within a given image by evaluating a ratio of derivative and deviation metrics in an area around each pixel in the image, or ratios of derivative metrics across a plurality of images. For each pixel within the image, a block of pixels are examined to determine an aggregate relative derivative (ARD) in the block. The ARD is compared to a threshold value to determine whether the pixel is to be assigned in the foreground segment or the background segment. In one embodiment, a single image is used to determine the ARD and the pixel segmentation for that image. Multiple images may also be used to obtain ratios of a numerator of the ARD, useable to determine an extent of the foreground.
|Method and Apparatus for Positioning Using Quasi-Fingerprinting - According to certain aspects, the invention provides a method of achieving near-fingerprinting accuracy without fingerprinting database costs, via parametric representation of training data. In embodiments, this is achieved by using a parametric representation for the training data and limiting the region of applicability of the parametric model in order to mimic fingerprinting. According to certain additional aspects, an algorithm according to principles of the invention includes two separate parts, training and positioning. Training encompasses the derivation of the parametric model and region of applicability. This comprises access point position, propagation model and the window of applicability. Positioning covers the use of the derived model along with a set of fresh observations to generate a position estimate.
|Method and Apparatus for Synchronization and Precise Time Computation for GNSS Receivers - According to certain aspects, the invention includes using acquisition channel results from a number of satellites to achieve composite weak acquisition. According to certain other aspects, the invention also includes solving for an improved position estimate and, with a sufficiently accurate, either initial or improved position estimate, also solving for GPS system time using a composite of acquired signals from a plurality of satellites. Within commonly experienced initial position and time uncertainties, the geometric range changes are fairly linear, which allows the point of convergence of ranges to solve for GPS position and subsequently for time with reasonable accuracy, which is the equivalent to obtaining frame sync without any data demodulation or preamble matching.
|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REAL TIME 2D TO 3D CONVERSION OF VIDEO IN A DIGITAL CAMERA - Embodiments are directed towards enabling digital cameras to digitally process captured two dimensional image sequences at a real time video rate, to convert the two dimensional image sequences into stereoscopic three dimensional image sequences. In one embodiment, using a pipelining architecture, various statistics are obtained for a captured two dimensional sequence. The statistics are used to estimate depth within each frame image within the sequence, in real time. Using the depth data a disparity map is generated that is provided to a warping component to generate a second perspective of the two dimensional image. The two images for the frame provide a three dimensional perspective for the frame within the sequence. Together the two perspective images for the frame are provided to a video encoder component to encode the stereoscopic three dimensional frame for the sequence.
|METHOD, APPARATUS, AND MANUFACTURE FOR SMILING FACE DETECTION - A method, apparatus, and manufacture for smiling face detection is provided. For each frame, a list of new smiling faces for the frame is generated by performing smiling face detection employing an object classifier that trained is to distinguish between smiling faces and all objects in the frame that are not smiling faces. For the first frame, the list of new smiling faces is employed as an input smiling face list for the next frame. For each frame after the first frame, a list of tracked smiles for the frame is generated by tracking smiling faces in the frame from the input smiling list for the frame. Further, a list of new smiling faces is generated for the next frame by combining the list of new smiling faces for the frame with the list of tracked smiles for the frame.
|FAST AUTO FOCUS TECHNIQUES FOR DIGITAL CAMERAS - Embodiments are directed towards using a color filtration system to generate multiple color images of a same single image that is displayed on a photo sensor plane to determine a lens adjustment position for a defined region of interest usable to automatically focus at least the defined region of interest using the single image. In one embodiment, the color filtration system employs a multiple color aperture filter and two single element lenses to generate multiple color images when an object within the single image is out of focus. In another embodiment, a metal dielectric interference filter is mounted directly in front of the photo sensor, to generate the multiple color images.
|COOPERATIVE CALIBRATION OF PLATFORM SHARED VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR - A mobile communication device includes a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver for receiving GNSS signals, a radio frequency (RF) receiver for receiving RF signals and a voltage controlled oscillator supplying an oscillator signal to the GNSS receiver and the RF receiver. The GNSS receiver and the RF receiver use the oscillator signal to receive the GNSS signals and the RF signals. The mobile communication device also includes a processor for initializing and/or adjusting a model of a frequency behavior of the voltage controlled oscillator, and uses the model to track the GNSS signals when computing a location of the mobile communication device.
|METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DYNAMIC POWER MANAGEMENT - An integrated circuit (IC) includes a first power supply node that is arranged to receive a first power supply signal. The IC also includes process detection circuits. Each process detection circuit provides a process detection output signal such that a value associated with the process detection output signal is a function of process variation at a location of the process detection circuit outputting the process detection signal. The IC also includes a processing unit that executes the processor-executable instructions to provide at least one voltage control signal, based, at least in part, on the process detection signals. The voltage control signal(s) include a first voltage control signal is associated with a target voltage for the first power supply signal.
|Systems and Methods for Tuning an Antenna for a Frequency Modulation Transceiver - Systems and methods for tuning an antenna for a frequency modulation (FM) transceiver are provided. A representative system includes: a network of electrical adjustable passive components that receives and sends radio frequency (RF) signals to a receiver circuitry via the network of electrical adjustable passive components. The receiver circuitry determines the received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the RF signal. The system further includes a transmitter circuitry that transmits RF signals via the network of electrical adjustable passive components, and a peak detector circuitry that receives and determines a voltage output of the RF signals from the variable capacitors. An auto-tune circuitry receives the RSSI and output value from the receiver circuitry and the peak detector circuitry, respectively. The auto-tune circuitry is configured to adjust capacitance values of at least one of the serial variable capacitor and the parallel variable capacitor based on the RSSI and the voltage output during the reception and transmission of the RF signals, respectively.
|SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING 25% DUTY CYCLE SWITCHING MIXER LOCAL OSCILLATOR TIMING - Systems and methods for improving the timing alignment of 25% duty cycle non-overlapping waveforms are provided. A representative system includes a waveform synthesizer that generates a plurality of 25% duty cycle input waveforms and inverters that receive the input waveforms at the inputs of the inverters and invert the input waveforms, producing a plurality of inverted waveforms at the outputs of the inverters. The system also includes NOR gates that receive the plurality of inverted waveforms at the inputs of the NOR gates and pass through one of the inverted waveforms at the outputs of the NOR gates responsive to three inverted waveforms of the plurality of inverted waveforms being at logic "0"; and mixers having inputs that receive the pass-through waveform and a first radio frequency (RF) signal, wherein the mixers combine the pass-through waveform and the RF signal into an output signal.
|Method and Apparatus for Managing Tracking Loops For Enhanced Sensitivity Tracking of GNSS Signals - The present invention is related to location positioning systems, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for making accuracy improvements to a GPS receiver's navigation calculations. According to a first aspect, the invention includes extreme sensitivity GNSS tracking loops. In embodiments, the tracking loops are self-bandwidth normalizing and the loop bandwidths automatically narrow with reduced CNO.
|Method and Apparatus for Managing and Configuring Tracker Components for Enhanced Sensitivity Tracking of GNSS Signals - The present invention is related to location positioning systems, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for making accuracy improvements to a GPS receiver's navigation calculations. According to a first aspect, the invention provides an extreme sensitivity GNSS tracking architecture. According to other aspects, the architecture includes multiple loops per channel, with the loops implemented with hardware and/or software. According to still further aspects, the architecture includes a multi-level lock detection algorithm designed to provide a trade-off between sensitivity and speed that is not possible with existing tracking architectures.
|Mini-Map-Matching for Navigation Systems - The present invention uses a map database which is created with the view of optimization in terms of size and complexity, so that it can be easily embedded into a navigation chip. The optimized map database is referred to as a "mini-map" database. The mini-map database easily integrates with the position calculation routine. The algorithm for position calculation includes a map-matching component, which is referred to as the "mini-map-matching" (MMM) algorithm, which is implemented on the navigation chip. Application of the present invention includes any navigation system for vehicles and/or pedestrians. The navigation system may include an inertial sensor, such as a dead-reckoning (DR) sensor, for further improvement in calculated positional accuracy when satellite signals are degraded due to environmental factors.
|SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TESTING CIRCUITRY PROGRAMMABILITY - Systems and methods in which circuitry programmability is tested through observing a change in voltage on a circuit node that is affected by the programmability under test. For example, one or more particular circuit node may be identified at which some measurable change in voltage occurs upon a change in state of a programmable circuit under test (PCUT). Thus, by detecting a change in voltage at such a circuit node in association with a programmable state change, embodiments may determine that respective circuit programmability is functional. Test circuitry of embodiments provides for circuitry programmability testing, through observing a change in voltage on a circuit node that is affected by the programmability under test, suitable for testing digital programmability which is deeply embedded in analog circuitry.
|HIGHLY LINEAR, LOW-POWER, TRANSCONDUCTOR - Systems and methods which implement a transconductor replica feedback (TRF) block in a transconductor circuit are shown. In accordance with embodiments, the TRF block comprises a feedback transistor disposed as a replica of a corresponding transconductance transistor of the transconductor circuit. The TRF block provides enhanced looking-in degeneration impedance for the transconductor circuit, thereby allowing for higher linearity and lower power at the same time. TRF transconductors of embodiments can be implemented in, or otherwise applied to, various different circuits such as LNAs, filters, etc.
|RECURSIVE MOTION FOR MOTION DETECTION DEINTERLACER - A recursive motion detector for detecting motion in an interlaced video signal. The motion detector includes a first frame motion detector receiving a next field and a first previous field, a second frame motion detector receiving a current field and a second previous field, and a third frame motion detector receiving a next field and a third previous field. Motion is detected when the first, second and third frame motion detectors combine to produce a frame motion result.
|DETECTING OBJECTS IN AN IMAGE BEING ACQUIRED BY A DIGITAL CAMERA OR OTHER ELECTRONIC IMAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE - The likelihood of a particular type of object, such as a human face, being present within a digital image, and its location in that image, are determined by comparing the image data within defined windows across the image in sequence with two or more sets of data representing features of the particular type of object. The evaluation of each set of features after the first is preferably performed only on data of those windows that pass the evaluation with respect to the first set of features, thereby quickly narrowing potential target windows that contain at least some portion of the object. Correlation scores are preferably calculated by the use of non-linear interpolation techniques in order to obtain a more refined score. Evaluation of the individual windows also preferably includes rotating the feature set data with respect to the image data for the individual windows about another axis.
|DIFFERENTIALLY COHERENT STROBE CORRELATOR - A GPS receiver for tracking a GPS signal. The receiver generates a mixed GPS signal by mixing the GPS signal with an oscillator signal, generates a first correlation signal by correlating the mixed GPS signal with a reference signal, and generates a filtered GPS signal from the GPS signal. The receiver also generates a filtered reference signal from the reference signal, generates a second correlation signal by correlating the filtered GPS signal with the filtered reference signal, and a generates a combined correlation signal by combining the first correlation signal with the second correlation signal. The receiver tracks the GPS signal by adjusting the phase of the oscillator signal based on the combined correlation signal.
|ADAPTIVE WINDOWING IN MOTION DETECTOR FOR DEINTERLACER - A method of determining a motion value for a missing pixel in an interlaced video field using an adaptive window. The method includes computing a first mean absolute difference (MAD) value for a pixel based on a 1×5 window, computing a second MAD value for the pixel using a 3×5 window, and selectively blending the first and second MAD values to form a resultant motion value.
|METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHIFT DCT-BASED SHARPENING OF A VIDEO IMAGE - A method of processing a digital image includes applying a discrete cosine transform (DCT) to a plurality of shifted digital images to produce a plurality of DCT coefficients, amplifying at least some of the DCT coefficients by a variable gain, applying an inverse DCT to the amplified DCT coefficients, and averaging the results to produce a visually sharper image. The variable gain may be a function of the amplitude of the DCT coefficients.
|ZERO PASS JPEG BIT RATE CONTROLLER - Embodiments are directed towards compressing an image to substantially a preset file size using statistical information obtained from a single subset of the image and an initial compression of the single subset. A representative subset portion of the image is selected based in part on a clustering analysis of the image. The representative subset is then compressed, in one embodiment, twice, in order to obtain statistics useable for the entire image. A scale factor is then determined that may be used in the quantization and for creating a Bit Rate Control (BRC) curve that represents an amount of accumulated bits per Minimal Codec Unit (MCU). During the compression process, the BRC curve is used to prevent accumulating bits from over shooting a final preset file size target.
|Systems and Methods of Communication in an Assisted Navigation System - Provided herein are methods and systems for efficient communication between a server and a client in an assisted navigation system. In one or more embodiments, the server transmits a set of parameters for a satellite to the client, e.g., a GPS receiver, via a wireless or wired connection. The set of parameters includes a force parameter, initial condition parameters and time correction coefficients for the satellite. The receiver uses the received parameters in a numerical integration to compute the position of the satellite at a desired time. The set of parameters needed for the integration is small. To further reduce the amount of data transmitted, reference parameters may be subtracted from the original parameters before transmission from the server. The receiver is able to reconstruct the original parameters from the received parameters and the identically computed reference parameters. The parameters may be further compressed using data compression techniques.
|INTERFACE FOR A GPS SYSTEM - A protocol independent interface for processing, within a mobile device, protocol aiding data received at a call processor with a Global Positioning System ("GPS") interface, where the protocol aiding data is produced according to a Geolocation Server Station protocol is disclosed. The protocol independent interface may include a means for receiving, at the GPS interface, the protocol aiding data received at the call processor, means for converting the received protocol aiding data to interface data that is transparent to the Geolocation Server Station protocol, and means for passing the interface data to a GPS module.
|SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR SATELLITE POSITIONING SIGNALS - A signal processing system for processing satellite positioning signals is described. The system comprises at least one processor and a signal processor operating under a number of operational modes. The signal processor includes at least one of a signal processing subsystem, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) subsystem, and a memory subsystem that are each dynamically and independently configurable in response to the operational modes. Further, the system includes a controller that couples to control transfer of data among the signal processing subsystem and the FFT subsystem via the memory subsystem. Configurability of the memory subsystem includes configuring the memory subsystem into regions according to the operational modes where each region is accessible in one of a number of manners according to the operational modes.
|METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRINTING FROM A MOBILE DEVICE - A system and method by which to implement revenue sharing between printer vendors and network service providers or operators. In one example, a method for providing printing access to a mobile device may include acts of requesting information from a printer, receiving the information at a mobile device, providing the information to a communications subsystem of a mobile network operator, based on the information, acquiring a printing capability of the printer, sending the printing capability from the communications subsystem to the mobile device, and upon receipt of the printing capability, if the printing capability is enabled, sending a print request from the mobile to device to the printer. A corresponding apparatus may be used to implement the method, which may be provided as instructions encoded on a computer readable medium.
|MULTIPLE EXPOSURE HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE IMAGE CAPTURE - Techniques for creating a High Dynamic Range (HDR) image within a consumer grade digital camera from a series of images of a scene captured at different exposure levels, and displaying the HDR image on the camera's built-in display, are provided. The approach employs mixing images of the series to incorporate both scene shadow and highlight details, and the removing of "ghost" image artifacts appearing in the mixed HDR image resulting from movement in the scene over the time the series images are captured. The low computational resource utilization of the present invention's image mixing and ghost removal processing operations, along with the present invention's ability to commence image mixing and ghost removal prior to the acquisition of all series images, can significantly reduce the time required to generate and display a tone mapped HDR image.
|TRACK AND HOLD CIRCUIT - A track and hold circuit that includes a switch device and a capacitive hold device. The track and hold circuit includes a track-voltage generating device adapted to generate a control voltage based on a signal on an input terminal of the switch device and supply the control voltage to the switch device during track phases of the track and hold circuit. The control voltage provides a channel charge, which is the same for each track phase, in the switch device.
|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SYNCHRONIZING DIGITAL BITS IN A DATA STREAM - A system for synchronizing a receiver of a bit stream to the bit stream include a correlator to remove the PN code modulation and to generate a stream of time sequence values (samples) from the received bits. Multiple accumulators are included, each accumulator corresponding to a different offset from a first time period. The accumulators add a number of values equal to a number of samples in a bit period. Multiple magnitude calculators receive sums from the corresponding accumulators and calculates respective magnitudes. Multiple non-coherent summers are then used to add the magnitudes for each offset in each bit period for all of the received bits. The outputs of the non-coherent summers are analyzed to find the highest value, to identify the location of the bit transition in the bit period.
|Pseudo Digital Gain Control for Broadband Tuner - A digital level control circuit, such as an Automatic Gain Control, includes a plurality of digitally selectable signal levels with transitions between levels gradually varied to avoid signal output level discontinuities. An up/down counter may be used to incrementally stepwise transition an output signal between the digitally selectable output levels. Stepwise application of a control signal to the appropriate switching elements (e.g., FETs) forming an attenuator circuit may be implemented to moderate a switching time of the switching elements to provide a more gradual transition between element operating states. A deglitch circuit may be employed to latch the switching elements to achieve the desired state at the end of a desired switching transition period.
|GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM RECEIVER TIMELINE MANAGEMENT - Satellite positioning system (SATPS) receiver that has a plurality of modes and channels, where a timeline module configures the channels based on the mode of operation of the SATPS receiver and reconfigures the channels if the mode of operation of the SATPS changes.
|SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SYNTHESIZING GPS MEASUREMENTS TO IMPROVE GPS LOCATION AVAILABILITY - There are situations where GPS signals are received from less than four satellites. In order to improve the GPS location availability, disclosed here are systems and methods for synthesizing GPS measurements, which, together with fewer than four available real GPS signals, can be used to calculate a position fix. In particular, GPS range measurements for lost satellites, which are satellites that were previously tracked but are now not tracked, are synthesized to improve GPS signal availability. The synthesized measurements are used along with real measurements to enable accurate position fix even when GPS satellite availability is poor. Different synthesized measurement generation schemes, depending on whether an INS/DR aiding system is available, are further described herein.
|SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MANAGING POWER CONSUMPTION - GPS navigation devices or GPS receivers can consume less power by using a temperature recorder circuit and/or a power manager in maintaining the accuracies of the GPS receiver time and reference frequency to improve battery life. A representative receiver includes a time reference device and the temperature recorder circuit that operate while the receiver hibernates. The time reference device generates clock signals and the temperature recorder circuit receives and operates using the clock signals from the time reference device. The temperature recorder senses the temperature of the time reference device. The temperature recorder circuit is designed to send a wake-up signal to at least one electrical component of the receiver to wake up the electrical component of the receiver. The electrical component of the receiver includes at least one of the following: a GPS signal processing system and a frequency reference device.
|Adaptive Known Signal Canceller - An adaptive known signal canceller comprising of a known signal canceller filter responsive to a known signal including a known portion of a transmitted signal, the known signal canceller filter operative to generate a filtered known signal, and a subtractor unit responsive to an input signal and operative to generate an output signal, the subtractor unit configured to subtract the filtered known signal from the input signal to generate an output signal, such that the known portion of the transmitted signal is substantially removed from the input signal. The adaptive known signal canceller further comprising of a known signal canceller update unit, responsive to a desired signal and an output signal and operative to continually adjust the coefficients of the known signal canceller filter based on the difference between the output signal and the desired signal, so that the filter coefficients substantially reflect the impulse response of a channel.
|IMAGE PROSSING UNDER FLICKERING LIGHTING CONDITIONS USING ESTIMATED ILLUMINATION PARAMETERS - Methods for estimating illumination parameters under flickering lighting conditions are disclosed. Illumination parameters, such as phase and contrast, of a intensity-varying light source may be estimated by capturing a sequence of video images, either prior to or after a desired still image to be processed. The relative average light intensities of the adjacently-captured images are calculated and used to estimate the illumination parameters applicable to the desired still image. The estimated illumination parameters may be used to calculate the point spread function of a still image for image de-blurring processing. The estimated illumination parameters may also be used to synchronize the exposure timing of a still image to the time when there is the most light, as well as for use in motion estimation during view/video modes.
|CONTROL OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING OF A SCENE TO REDUCE EFFECTS OF MOTION IN THE SCENE ON AN IMAGE BEING ACQUIRED - Motion of an image of a scene being captured by a digital image acquisition device is detected and used to control parameters of illumination of the scene by a flash lamp that is typically built into the device. Parameters that may be controlled include the intensity, duration and timing of light emitted by the flash lamp. Such control of the flash illumination is preferably performed in conjunction with adjusting one or more exposure parameters used to capture an image. Such exposure parameters include duration, aperture and sensor gain. Motion blur caused by movement of the camera or by movement of an object within the scene being photographed is reduced by selecting appropriate exposure parameters and flash light characteristics.
|APPARATUS, METHOD, AND MANUFACTURE FOR CORRECTING COLOR SHADING IN CMOS IMAGE SENSORS - A device for color shading correction is provided. Local color matching is performed as follows. For each pixel of the image that is being color matched, the RGB value is treated as a one-by-three matrix, which is multiplied by a three-by-three matrix that is generated during factory calibration. The matrix product is a one-by-three matrix that is used as the RGB value for the pixel in the color matched image.
|SYSTEM OF UTILIZING CELL INFORMATION TO LOCATE A WIRELESS DEVICE - A system is described that utilizes the measured characteristics of a cell site or a plurality of cell sites (
Patent applications by CSR Technology Inc.


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Survival tips needed - 'the terrible twos'(5 Posts)
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Valparaíso Region
» It's A Little Chilly in Chile!
It's A Little Chilly in Chile!
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South America
Valparaíso Region
October 1st 2009
Published: October 1st 2009
justin and rumiko
Very cool Graffiti
Sept 24, 2009
We made a phone call to LAN airlines and got the good news that Justin's luggage finally arrived! Yay! That meant that we would have deodorant and Justin can finally change out of his smelly clothes. So, we got up early because A) we had to go all the way back to the airport to pick up Justin's luggage and B) we wanted to make the most out of the day in Viña del Mar.
We took a bus (much much cheaper than cabbing) to the airport and got lost trying to find the LAN airlines office. I'm pretty sure we went on all 3 floors, and everyone who tried to help us sent us back in the other direction. But we eventually found the office and got his stuff back! Although it looked like the bag got tampered with (lock was taken off, and the pack inside was unbuckled), nothing to our knowledge was taken so we were pretty happy. Now we were off to Viña del Mar.
Viña del Mar was a beach town 2 hours away from Santiago. We went there with Tur Bus and got the best seats up in the front. On our
way there we saw tons of beautiful landscape and vineyards.
Upon our arrival, we were greeted/recruited by hustlers who lured us into their tourist office by saying that they had a free map. I made sure to sound interested when they said that they had a tour of the city but Justin and I prefer exploring everything ourselves so I knew we wouldn't follow through with it. I just wanted that free map.
However, we weren't sure of the location of our hotel and since it was apparently far, we decided to take up on their offer of transporting us to our hotel for a cheap price. Once we got there, we were welcomed by a very nice person, name Hector, who also had the same free map and recommended places to see and where to walk. I guess the free map at the bus terminal wasn't worth it after all. Ah well, all was good and after digging through our luggage to get what we needed for the day, we walked towards the Reloj de Flores.
Reloj de Flores aka Clock of Flowers was literally a giant clock on a hill decorated with flowers. It was super pretty and
El Perro
we got a nice Chilean/Colombian couple to take pictures of us in front of it. Following the route that Hector recommended us to walk along, we walked along the sea side and saw beaches, seagulls, and PELICANS! I've never in my entire life seen pelicans before, so it was quite exciting for me. As for Justin, he said they had them all over North Carolina but the ones we saw were much larger.
Along our walk, we also saw a very fairy tale-looking scenic view with a castle on the edge of the water. We'd like to have said we knew much about all of the castles and their significance, but we didn't. However, we did see a sign with the name of all the castles with their pictures on it so that's better than nothing. We, once again, saw the Chilean/Colombian couple who took another picture for us but had completely blocked out the castle in the background. Nice couple, not the best at photography.
Eventually, we were on San Martin Avenue and were hungry. We were told that restaurants on San Martin were much more expensive than on Valpraíso Avenue but we thought we would luck out and
find a cheap place to eat. When we realized that it wasn't possible, we headed towards the main area of Valpraíso Avenue. Justin and I were still working on our "miscommunications". One example was when I had mentioned that we should go to Valpraíso Avenue for dinner, Justin thought I meant that we should go to Valpraíso the town (20 minutes away from Vina del Mar on the metro) just for dinner. Mystery solved when we figured out that we were talking about different Valpraísos.
For dinner we had burgers and the most delicious peach juice where we watched an episode of The Simpsons in Spanish. After that we finally found an electronics place to buy a 3 prong Chilean adapter to charge up our computers, ipod and camera chargers. Yay! We felt better because all 4 batteries for our camera (running low on battery life) were charged and ready to be used. We decided to go to bed early since we wanted to go for a run around Viña del Mar the next day and spend the day in Valpraíso (the town) before heading back to Santiago.
Sept 25, 2009
We woke up at 7:00am and got ready for
Hashite Imasu
We decided to go for a run in Vina del Mar before heading to Valpraiso. We encountered lots of dogs!
our run. The weather was looking a little gloomy so I opted to wear my lulus and sweatshirt whereas Justin ran in his shorts and T-shirt. We got stared at when we ran, probably because A) there weren't many others going for a run, B) everyone on the streets were bundled up in their raincoats and scarves while Justin's in his shorts and C) I'm asian. I'm pretty sure I was the only asian in Viña del Mar. Not a bad thing, just a funny observation. With the exception of a Japanese traveler at our hostel in Santiago, and some little 6 year old asians with pigtails, I haven't seen any other asian tourist. Where were they hiding? We have yet to find out.
Back on topic, as we were running, we made tons of friends with a bunch of the stray dogs of Viña del Mar. They were somewhat friendly, but I got scared because I hadn't realized that 1 dog in particular had been hot on my tail for a while and when I looked back, all I saw was this angry looking dog right behind me. I screamed like a little school girl and Justin continued to
Photo 3
laugh at me. Most of them followed us for a while and possibly got tired or bored so they disappeared, some were walking with other people but when they saw us running past them they ditched whoever they were with to run with us.
We ran along Los Heroes Avenue and Peru Avenue on the seaside. Eventually we made it to a stretch of beaches but the weather wasn't so great so we didn't stay too long. We headed back to our hotel where one of the dogs followed us all the way up to the entrance of the hotel. We were sad to say goodbye and leave him.
We got all of our stuff ready and took the metro to Valpraiso town. After a short ride, we headed to the marina port where there were a lot of souvenirs and beautiful buildings. All of the houses were packed on different hills with each house being a different bright colour. Absolutely magnificent. We also took the "elevator" (kind of like a ropeway but on tracks) up one of the hills (_____) and were able to see a gorgeous overview of the entire town. At the top of one of the
Photo 4
hills we there was a Chilean naval museum as well as some sort of naval headquarters with guards in front of it. On another note, the Chileans like to show a lot of PDA (public display of affection). Not that it's a bad thing, but it can be a bit of a shocker at times. "They're still here? How long have they been kissing for?"
On a sad note, we also discovered that our camera charger for our good camera (Canon G10) was not working. This was most tragic since all of our 4 batteries were still dead after thinking that we had charged them all the night before and our other little camera only has 5 megapixels (doesn't take as epic pictures as "The G", which has 14.7). On the bright side, at least we even had a spare camera. We were increasingly worried because we wanted to have at least some battery life for the next 3 days of our trip on Easter Island.
Instead of taking the elevator back down, we decided to walk down one of the streets where Justin took tons of artisitic photos. On our way down, we encountered a cute little restaurant where
Dog chasing
Ive never seen Rumi run so fast!
we decided it was time for lunch. There was no menu but with our limited Spanish we tried to order beef and rice. What did we get instead? A full course lunch special, which consisted of delicious broth soup with egg whites, bread with salsa, some greens with cooked beets (unfortunately, Justin and I weren't too fond of beets to begin with but still ate it). At this point we were wondering what ever happened to our beef and rice. And then came the main course, STEAK and rice. It was heaven. For the last portion of our meal, we had a choice between this delicious mango looking dessert that we saw others ate, or a choice between tea or coffee. Since we didn't understand the first part of what our waitress had said, we said that we'd like some tea. A sad mistake but we thoroughly enjoyed our tea considering how cold it was outside.
We snapped some more pics and went back to Vina del Mar where we picked up our luggage and took a 2 hour bus ride back to Santiago. During our bus ride, we played monopoly on Justin's ipod. Justin was the first one to
Photo 6
be bankrupt, and I tried with all my might to beat out the 2 other computer players but lost as well. It was super fun and probably the best $5 investment Justin's ever made on a game.
We finally arrived kind of late in Santiago where we decided to go back to the hostel we stayed at before and to have a late dinner. Whenever we go to a restaurant, we often saw meals "completos" and "italianos". We wanted to figure out what they were so we ordered them. And what did we get? A thing of bread and a hot dog loaded with ketchup, avocado, mayo, and more mayo. The Chileans love their avocados and mayo. I love mayo too, but not that much.
Later on we went to the street market to look at all of the souvenirs and bought a huge skewer of meat and sausages. It was so delicious and worth sitting out in the cold to eat it.
That night we packed up and got ready for Easter Island. We were pretty choked about our camera charger not working at all. Nothing was being charged and we had one battery that had just enough to
Photo 7
take a few pictures with. We always said that "we'll figure it out" …will we?
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Justin Allison and Rumiko Takeuchi-Jones
justin and rumiko
Where in the world are Justin and Rumi? An American guy and a Canadian girl backpack Central and South America. This blog's mainly for family and friends who want updates on our whereabouts but also for anyone else who's interested. Our round the world trip adventure starts September 22, 2009! ...
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Prior to the coming of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern Chile was under Inca rule while Araucanian Indians inhabited central and southern Chile; the latter were not completely subjugated until the early 1880s. Although Chile declared its ind...
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Tourist shopping
This was the first time we found a true tourist trap in Chile. Everything was pretty pricey but very nice... we dont have the space nor cash for anything though!
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Chileans dont seem to mind public affection anywhere or anytime! I think he swallowed her later...
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2nd October 2009
Carrie Bacchus
non-member comment
Steak and rice
You went for a run? Ha ha! You guys are the best tourists in the world! Hey, did you tap the make-out man's shoulder to find out his name?
3rd October 2009
justin and rumiko
Justin Allison and Rumiko Takeuchi-Jones
Haha Bacchus! You never know if one of the dogs we met was named Rahul! Hehe, how fitting, "karri bachyo!" ;) Don't worry, I'll find your Rahul!
10th October 2009
non-member comment
Running on your travels...in the words of Derek "bold move"...Sounds like you guys are having a lot of fun.
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» It's A Little Chilly in Chile!
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I've heard stories about that race, none of them good.
I've heard stories about that race, none of them good.
Life flights are common at that race.
We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle
Cat: Killer
It is absolutely freezing here, with >20 mph winds straight from Siberia. In a way I'm fortunate, because we have less snow here than in most parts of the country. But boy, I'm tired of it. Still, riding on rollers is good for me, right?
Huh. I got an award?
Looks like Copperopolis is on. Weather clear for the morning.
Long before my time, but it seems to have started here.
Edit. Sorry, I forgot we were in the racing/training thread. Back on topic
"Real men wear pink."
See my cycling photos at http://www.pbase.com/cleavel/bicycling
See my bikes at http://www.pbase.com/cleavel/mybicycles
Visit my blog at http://cleavesblant.wordpress.com/
Lightning Velo Cycling Club: http://www.lightningvelo.org/
My training has been very erratic since Valley of the Sun and for some reason my weight jumped up to winter levels. As mentioned earlier, my initial diagnosis of track hack after the team pursuit was wrong and I probably had some kind of low level of bronchitis. By Saturday I felt pretty reasonable and I did an easy pace, but not easy, solo 85 mile ride. Sunday with the club was 25 miles down the coast to Laguna Beach and back. Going out was harder than I wanted but coming back was real easy because our sprinter pulled his hamstring and glutes on one side during one of the hill sprints. We always bring back our dead.
Tuesday Night Worlds tonight (my first race of any kind with a power meter), commute to work tomorrow, track on Thursday, and Palos Verdes hill climb TT on Saturday. Then I'm off the bike for a few days as my youngest decided at the last minute that he wanted to go to Philadelphia and NYC to look at some colleges that accepted him. (Actually one accepted him and he hasn't heard from the other yet.) Thankfully, frequent flier miles worked for this trip.
District championship TTs (individual and team) in May and district championship RR the first weekend in June are my next targets. Hopefully I can pull myself and my training together for those.
"Real men wear pink."
See my cycling photos at http://www.pbase.com/cleavel/bicycling
See my bikes at http://www.pbase.com/cleavel/mybicycles
Visit my blog at http://cleavesblant.wordpress.com/
Lightning Velo Cycling Club: http://www.lightningvelo.org/
I did not do much this weekend except a leg opener on Saturday and then race two 500 meters and 2K pursuit on Sunday. Monday, I was off the bike but went to the gym for leg work and core.
Today, was a long track workout. I arrived at 8AM for the motor warmup with the sprinters and left at 12PM. It was a gorgeous day with sunny skies and temps in the low 60s with little wind.
During the motor warmup, I had the opportunity to ride behind one of the Stanford sprinters. I am very critical of racers' form and technique but this guy was perfection. He had perfect posture, effortless pedal stroke, no gaps on the wheel in front, rode in a perfect line through the turns and had perfect position (up track slightly) from the wheel in front. As the speed increased, his form held perfectly. And he was the fastest guy on the track today.
I talked with him afterwords and complimented him on being a perfect wheel to follow. He has been racing for 8 years. He probably started when he was 10 12 years old.
I like to do workouts at the track that I cannot easily do on my road bikes. So I did some standing starts, efforts with the motor and some work with the sprinters. Fun day at the track.
We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle
Cat: Killer
I had thought I was going to do Relagado this past Sunday, but after I took the time off, I decided not to. I heard from one of my team mates who DID do it, and OMG...it sounded like Copperopolis. Especially bad was the one mile plus (as he put it) 2 inch deep gravel road with rail road tracks at the end. He said "lots of flats, lots of crashes". I'm glad I stayed home!
Ex, lets hope no one sees me at Copperopolis - I'm working this weekend.
34 miles on the CAAD 10 this morning. Fit is off. That will be taken care of tomorrow. The bike does exist - see my thread!
Racer Ex..."Don't know if the shop is under new ownership. If not feel free to shoplift stuff and break bottles in his parking lot."
Over unders today. Mostly under. I was the shyte. Garbaggio.
Combined intervals again today - three of six minute climbing repeats (LT+) seguing into 12 minutes at tempo, six minutes RBI. Because of where I ride, the CR part were with the wind (12-14 mph worth) and most of the tempo parts were into the wind. I had no problem with the CR parts, could've gone longer no problem, but when I dropped the 30+ watts down into tempo, I had a heck of a time. Part of it was the turnaround that messed up my average watts for the tempo part, and part of it might have been psychological due to the wind. 1:41, 135 TSS, .89 IF.
Demain, on roule!
I could probably do well at Battenkill. On the other hand I'd be away from home for an extended period and dealing with a lot of logistics for a one day race where I might flat or get stuck behind some wobbler at mile one. No teammates to hang out with, cross country flight, Etc.
The NSG should be fun and track Nats is a good target, Might have big M coming out.


text:
I'm using external hard drives to back up photos and videos, but I couldn't find a way to permanently disable the possibility of writing (or overwriting) data.
I want them to behave like DVDs or Cds, where information is "closed" once burned. It's pretty dangerous to have years of work in a hard drive, and overwrite or delet something by mistake.
I tried to do that from the inspector, in the "Sharing and permissions" section, by changing privileges, allowing to read only, apply the changes; but at the end the system always allow me to write or erase data.
Any third party app to do this maybe?
Retrieving data ...


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