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The Power of Independent Thinking
The Challenge of Liberty Summer Seminar is BackWill You Be There?
Recorded: Tuesday, May 14, 2013
Anthony Gregory, Research Fellow, Student Programs Director, and author of The Power of Habeas Corpus in America: From the Kings Prerogative to the War on Terror, gives a behind the scenes look at the exciting opportunities available to students at The Challenge of Liberty Seminar this summer.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: TelevisionIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, Economic History and Development (International), Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Education, Fiscal Policy/Debt, Free Market Economics, Political Ideology and Philosophy
2012 Mises Celebration Introductory Speech by Anthony Gregory
Recorded: Saturday, September 29, 2012
Anthony Gregory, Research Fellow and Student Programs Director, provides the introductory speech on the importance of honoring Mises at the 2012 Mises Celebration on September 29 at the Silicon Valley Capital Club in San Jose, CA.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: TelevisionIssues: Economic History and Development (International), Economic History and Development (U.S.), Free Market Economics, Political Ideology and Philosophy
What the Second Amendment Means Today
Recorded: Wednesday, July 2, 2008
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
The Second Amendments right to keep and bear arms has been among the most controversialand least understoodrights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Did the Founders intend to safeguard an individual right or a collective right?
Experts: Stephen P. Halbrook, Don B. Kates Jr.Type: Independent Institute EventIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Crime, Culture/ Society, Defense and Foreign Policy, Gun Control, Law Enforcement
Guns and Violent Crime
Recorded: Tuesday, September 21, 1999
With the recent school massacre in Littleton, Colorado; the shootings of Jewish children in Los Angeles; and rampant drive-by shootings and other atrocities, what can and should be done to protect the innocent against violence in American society? Can government protect the citizenry against gun-related violence? What is the record of individual self-defense against violence in Britain and the U.S.? In this very timely Independent Policy Forum, acclaimed historian Joyce Lee Malcolm and civil rights attorney Don Kates will examine gun laws, violence, and rights.
Experts: Don B. Kates Jr., Joyce Lee MalcolmType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Crime, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Culture/ Society, Gun Control, Law Enforcement


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Grateful Dead
"Humor characterizes consciousness. For me, life would be so empty without humor—it would be unbearable, it would be like life without music."
—Jerry Garcia (From a 1995 interview)
The light residing in sun, moon, and fire,
through which the entire universe is illuminated,
is my light."
"May your mind forever sparkle
like a star,
Your heart remain pure as
newfallen snow,
And your spirit forever sense
the wonderment of a child."
-Mary Summer Rain
"War Is the health of the State."
"it helps to remember that all the bad headlines
and all the good headlines
are made from
the same twenty-six letters"
Sy Safransky
founder, editor and publisher of The Sun magazine
"Ladies and Gentlemen...
The Grateful Dead."
-Bill Graham
"If the will knows not what to will,
it will not be able to will."
'A singleminded tenacity that is not compromised by public opinion is an essential prerequisite of the elevation of the human(e) spirit by Art.'
Genesis Breyer P-Orridge.
i thought this would fit better under "words to live by" ; it's beautiful.
have you ever watched kids on a merry-go-round?
listened to the rain
slapping on the ground?
ever followed a butterfly's erratic flight?
or gazed at the sun into the fading night?
you better slow down
don't dance so fast
time is short
the music won't last
do you run through each day
on the fly?
when you ask how are you
do you hear the reply?
when the day is done
do you lie in your bed
with the next hundred chores
running through your head?
you better slow down
don't dance so fast
time is short
the music won' last
ever told your child
we'll do it tomorrow
and in your haste
not see his sorrow?
let a good frienship die
cause you never had time
to call and say hi?
you better slow down
don't dance so fast
time is short
the music won't last
when you run so fast to get somewhere
you miss half the fun of getting there
when you worry and hurry through your day
it's like an unopened gift
thrown away.
life is not a race
do take it slower
hear the music
before the song is over
Author unknown
All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.
I was just reading an Antonin Scalia justification for the Citizens United decision when this one popped into my head.
Same as it ever was. Same as it ever was... (courtesy David Byrne)

subset: commoncrawl


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Revlon Colorburst Lip Butter (All Shades)
916 reviews
77% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.9
Price: $$
Package Quality: 3.9
Price: $$
INGREDIENTSPolybutene , Bis-Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate-2 , Tridecyl Trimellitate , Octyldodecanol , PETROLATUM, Hydrogenated Polydecene , Neopentyl Glycol Diethylhexanoate , Jojoba , Polyethylene , Ozokerite , Cetyl PEG , PPG-10 , 1 Dimethicone , Calcium Sodium Borosilicate , Hexyl Laurate , Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate , Beeswax, Zinc Ricinoleate , Squalane , Silica , Shea Butter , Butter Mango , Palmitoyl Oligopeptide , TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, Coconut Oily, Synthetic Wax , Ethylhexyl Palmitate , Dimethicone , Bis-Isobutyl PPG-20 Crosspolymer , Isodecyl Neopentanoate , Tribehenin , Sorbitan Isostearate , Fragrance , BHT , Caprylyl Glycol , 1,2 Hexanediol , May Contain: Mica , Titanium Dioxide (CI,77891) , Iron Oxides (CI 77491, 77492, 77499) , Yellow 5 Lake (CI 19140) , Red 7 Lake (CI 15850:1) , Yellow 6 Lake (CI 15985) , Red 33 Lake (CI 17200) , Carmine (CI 75470) , Blue 1 Lake (CI 42090) , Red 6 Lake (CI 15850)
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Um i dont like this lipstick. I have it in strawberry shortcake and its a pretty color just not on me. I thinks it looks a little uneven when applied too. Theres some areas on my lips that my lip color shows thru and others areas that it looks globbed on. It is moisturizing tho. Ill probably give it another chance, in a diff color of course.
Age: 19-24
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Fine
Eyes: Blue
I love Revlon's lip butters. I prefer tinted lip balms to lipsticks, and this is kind of an in-between. It's moisturizing and has color, so it's like a lip balm, but it's more pigmented than other ones I've used, like Burt's Bees, so it's more like a lipstick in that respect. It doens't last very long, however, so I have to reapply them every couple of hours. I really don't mind having to reapply them though, so overall I have no problems with them!
Age: 30-35
Skin: Sensitive, Medium, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I own Berry Smoothie, Peach Parfait and Lollipop. They go on super smooth and make my lips feel moisturized and enriched. They are wonderfully pigmented and look great. Berry Smoothie and Peach Parfait are nice for everyday wear. Lollipop is a bright fuchsia, a little too bright for me so I usually just use it as a light stain.
I do wish they lasted a bit longer on the lips but that is a small complaint. These are definitely worth buying for their smooth texture and high pigment. There is always one in my purse!
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Dry, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
Wheu, my first review.
So I purchased this in Creamsicle a little while back and I have to say... I absolutely adore the colour. At first I really, REALLY liked this; most lipsticks suck my lips desert dry, and this did not. The butter was really nice at first. But I find that the more I wear it, the weirder it feels on my lips. Eugh. Some days this product is nice and other days it's horrible xD It's almost... drying now. And it just feels lumpy and weird sometimes, I don't even really know how to describe how odd it feels.
The packaging isn't too bad, but the butter is so soft that after applying it a few times it's started smushing itself against the side of the tube. Not really a problem, but it's kinda messy looking now.
I do think I would buy this again, I just love love love the colour.
Age: 19-24
Skin: Sensitive, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I really really like this lip product from revlon. The colors are beautiful and wearable. Prices are okay considering that im still a teenager. However i notice that it does ball up around the edge of my lips throughout the day thats why i gave it four stars. But compared to the revlon matte lipsticks, i like these less.
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Hazel
I purchased Tutti Frutti and Cupcake after seeing all the buzz about Revlon's Lipbutters.
The packaging is ok. It looks cheap but that is to be expected.
Another thing to note would be that this line isn't necessarily a balm, at least not on me. The lipcolor lasts for about 30-40 minutes before fading on me. Tutti Frutti leaves a tint on my lips but Cupcake does not.
I find that, once applied on the lips, lipbutters have an interesting jelly texture. However, while applying the lipbutters, I notice a strange roughness in the product itself and this roughness scratches my lips just a bit. Is this a botched attempt at a "sugary" exfoliating sensation? No clue.
My lips are just a bit dryer than usual after lipbutters fade out so I won't buy any more of them, although I do wear the ones I have. Tutti Frutti is very nice if you want a wearable orange/coral tint.
Age: 36-43
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
The case is very hard to open. The top extends almost to the bottom of the whole product length leaving very little base to try to hold while pulling the top off. Forget it if you are lotioned up or arthritic!
Age: 25-29
Skin: Very Dry, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Red, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I love, love, love this lipstick! It doesn't dry up quickly, and keeps my lips moisturized for a long time. Also, the colour is great, I bought berry smoothie. This product does not disappoint :)
Age: 30-35
Skin: Oily, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Wavy, Other
Eyes: Grey
I absolutely love this - it's my favourite lip product.
I bought it in Candy Apple, which is similar to Mac's Viva Glam Cyndi on me - a fresh, very wearable red that I can put on for work without feeling self-conscious.
I prefer the look of lipstick but the feel of lip gloss, and I think this combines the two perfectly. The consistency is great - glides on, and doesn't dry out my lips. I like the fact the colour is sheer but can be layered for a stronger look.
Will definitely re-purchase.
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
This is such a lovely, easy-to-use product. I bought 2 shades, Pink Truffle and Creme Br�l�e. Pink Truffle looks quite dark in the tube but in reality it is a soft, sheer rose pink with a nice gloss. Creme Br�l�e looks like a dark tan in the tube but warms up on the lips to a nude with a hint of gold sparkle. The pigmentation of this products depends on how much you apply; one coat for sheer and 2 or 3 more for a more medium coverage.
May I stress is such a WEARABLE lipstick! Ordinarily I wear either very strongly pigmented, "classic" lipsticks such as Diorific by Christian Dior, or scentless, colourless lip balms like Chapstick or Lucas' Papaw Ointment. Revlon Colorburst is the happy middle ground. It applies like a lip balm and feels very comfortable on the lips - moisturising and light. It also gives the lips a lovey wash of colour; it makes wearing bright colours like reds, purples and corals easy without the risk of looking garish. You will need to reapply as your evening progresses, so those looking for a lipstick that will outlast time itself should look somewhere else.
Price-wise, the Australian price of $21.95 is probably a little expensive for my liking, but I happened to walk up to the Revlon counter in Myer when they were having a 2 for $25 sale, which I was more than happy with! In future I will probably look on the Internet for these lipsticks in order to save a penny or two.
My only criticism is the packaging, as when you try to take the lid off the tube, there is very little tube to hold onto, perhaps only 5mm. Other than that, I LOVE LOVE LOVE this product. Revlon Colorburst is my new favourite lipstick and I want every shade and then some. I hope it never gets discontinued!
Popular Lipsticks
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Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 220.127.116.11
Forum Moderators: goodroi
That should get you started. We'll look forward to your follow up questions once you've had a chance to review the above link.
It doesn't mean your home page will appear in Google's index (most likely it will), but, it certainly doesn't mean the entire site will.
You have to play the same game we all play!
We all look at our logs, we look at how many pages Google, (or any other SE visits) and then we look at how they indexed them (if at all).
Don't expect immediate change, it can take anywhere from 2 days to several weeks.
There are commands you can use on each SE to determine which pages have been indexed.
For Google "site:mydomain.com" will help you find those pages indexed.
The more links to your site (& quality links), the more times GoogleBot will visit you, therefore the better the chance you have of getting the whole site indexed quickly :)


text:
Where's the Outrage?
Campo-Flores, Arian, Newsweek
Byline: Arian Campo-Flores
As polls show voters defecting in droves from Democrats, one bastion of support you'd think the party could count on is Hispanics. They turned out in force in 2006 and 2008 to punish Republicans for their shrill rhetoric on illegal immigration, reversing the party's historic gains among Latinos under George W. Bush. Now the GOP is at it again. Earlier this year Republican Gov. Jan Brewer of Arizona signed into law one of the most draconian immigration measures in the land. Many of the party's candidates around the country have embraced it and are scrambling to outdo their opponents in anti-illegal-alien bluster. Even Sen. Lindsey Graham, long a moderate Republican voice on the issue, has moved to the right, floating the idea of repealing birthright citizenship for the children of undocumented immigrants.
But if Democrats are hoping that Latinos will once again turn out heavily to spank the GOP, they may well be disappointed. Polls show Hispanics have become steadily more disenchanted with President Obama and congressional Democrats. They've suffered disproportionately from the economic downturn, with an unemployment rate of about 13 percent--3 points higher than that of the general population. And they're disillusioned with Democrats' failure to pass immigration reform, despite Obama's campaign promise to tackle it in his first year. Recent surveys by polling firm Latino Decisions show that, although Hispanics back Democrats by more than 2 to 1, their enthusiasm for turning out to vote has been waning. "As a result, the Latino vote will likely be underwhelming" in November, says the firm's Matt Barreto.
In 2006, the last midterm cycle, Democrats had to do barely anything. …


text:
Ricky Lerma Mustang, OK
View Ricky Lerma's full profile on US Identify to connect online or by mailing a letter, making a phone call, sending an email, and more. US Identify profiles enable you to reconnect with people from your past, find long lost family, or learn about people in your life now.
|Ricky Lerma's Profile
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text:
Recent Developments in Crime Prevention and Safety Policies in Finland
Aromaa, Kauko, Takala, Jukka-Pekka, Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Le Conseil national de prevention du crime (CNPC) de la Finlande a ete cree en 1989. Le gouvernement a adopte en 1999 un programme national de prevention du crime. Ce programme s'inspire du << modele nordique >> et comporte un organe national directeur et coordonnateur qui fournit des avis et des fonds au profit des comites et projets locaux de prevention du crime. Dans le cadre du modele nordique de la prevention du crime, le systeme de justice entretient des liens etroits avec d'autres secteurs et assure un equilibre entre prevention par le developpement social et prevention des situations criminogenes. Membre du Reseau europeen de prevention de la criminalite (REPC) depuis 2001, le CNPC choisit des projets a presenter a la conference annuelle sur les bonnes pratiques du REPC, qui seraient susceptibles de meriter un prix annuel europeen de la prevention de la criminalite. La politisation manifeste des questions liees a la lutte contre le crime necessite sans doute reflexion. Il faudrait probablement completer le modele nordique par d'autres demarches comme l'intervention precoce et diverses methodes de prevention sociale de la criminalite, et privilegier davantage le reseautage, la cooperation et les partenariats avec les nombreux acteurs intervenant dans la prevention du crime.
In Finland, modern crime prevention began in a formal sense in 1989 with the establishment of the National Council for Crime Prevention (NCCP). The NCCP was based on precedents in the neighbouring Nordic countries of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway and followed a Council of Europe recommendation (see Takala 1999, 2005, in press). The NCCP's representatives come from many of the major stakeholders in Finnish society and from both public and private sectors. The NCCP also includes a secretariat established at and paid for by the Ministry of Justice. In Finland, the Ministry of Justice is responsible for the courts and the correctional system but not, as in the other Nordic countries, for police affairs. A representative of the police department in the Ministry of the Interior provides the link to police affairs and acts as vice-chair of the NCCP. The ministries of Social and Health Affairs and of Education are also represented, as well as the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities, several organizations from the business community, representatives of several non-governmental organizations, the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and experts in criminological and social welfare research. (1)
In the late 1990s, the NCCP developed a national crime prevention program that was adopted by the Finnish government in 1999. It follows the "Nordic model" and includes a national coordinating and steering body that provides funding and advice to local crime prevention committees and projects. It also helps coordinate the endeavours of different national bodies and organizations that play a central role in the field of crime prevention, such as ministries and national-level NGOs.
The Nordic model of crime prevention
Finland has traditionally considered itself one of the so-called Nordic Countries, together with Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The countries vary in regards to their international alliances; for instance, three countries are members of NATO, but not the same three that are members of the European Union. Nevertheless, the rive countries have a history of very close cooperation and frequent exchanges of ideas in a number of areas, including criminal justice and crime prevention. Each of them also has a Council for Crime Prevention or a national body with similar responsibilities; those in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are considerably older than the one in Finland.
In a 2001 brochure on crime prevention in the Nordic Countries (SNCCP 2001), the Nordic model of crime prevention is described as involving "a strong affiliation to areas outside the justice system and the balance made between social and situational crime prevention. …


text:
I was reading through modding junk earlier while building some unpb bbp and unp bbp chsbhc base models and kind of looked at something that got my attention but i wasn't to clear on -
1. if the race that I am playing does not supply it's own body type that means that it uses the DEFAULT that I have made and put into the skyrim data directories correct?
2. if the race I am playing uses the default body type does that mean that all other npcs in the game are forced to use the vanilla body type?? I THINK that is how I took it
so - next question - the race I am playing does not supply it's own body type so if the above is true, I am guessing I should use CK to create my own character/race and then leave my default body type to the rest of the games npcs to use??
---- wasn't sure if i was thinking right on this or not -
thanks for the answers
DEFAULT body type
Started by jasmerd , Nov 22 2012 12:16 PM
No replies to this topic


text:
The new Android KitKat 4.4 – Facts and Predictions
The next update from Android is called 4.4 KitKat and it will be quite a significant one, waited by people all over the globe. It seems that the new operating system will be optimized considerably, as well as its basic apps, so that all smart phones with 512 MB of RAM will be able to use is at full power without any stumbling or lag.
To make your waiting easier, we compiled a list of phones and their possible date of update, with info coming either form the manufacturers or just pure rumors.
In what concerns the HTC, we know that the One model will be starting in mid-February, while the One Mini and One Max will be upgrading in about three months. The Google Play edition of the HTC One is rolling the new Android in this period, and the Droid DNA will have it by the end of March. So if you need help to unlock your HTC One device just check here.
The LG G2 will be releasing the update by the end of quarter on of this year, while other LG models such as the G Flex, Optimus models and the LG G Pad are rumored to also receive the upgrade in the first part of this year.
Samsung already has its S4 Google Play edition benefitting from KitKat, while the S4, the Note 3, the SIII and the Note II are just rumored to be upgraded in January and March. And we heard all the samsung devices running on Android 4.4 (KITKAT) are subject to REGION LOCKING. We can help how to unlock your Samsung phone!
Sony is rumored to upgrade the Xperia Z1 in early February while other models of Xperia such as the ZL, the Table Z or the SP have no clear timeframe for the update.
Motorola already has Android 4.4 KitKat rolling out on the DROID Ultra, Maxx and Mini and is planning to have it on other gadgets such as the DROID RAZR, the Atrix HD, the Electrify M and the Moto X and G, with no clear specification about the dates.
The Nexus Gadgets already have their updates available, so Nexus 4,7 and 10 owners are probably really happy already!
This was the information that we were able to offer. Hope it was helpful in your gadget shopping plans for the year. And if you need some help with your gadgets just feel free to visit here.
Related news:
- Could the S7 Have a 12MP Camera?
- Samsung Galaxy S6 Active Review
- Samsung Galaxy A8 is the Slimmest Smartphone Ever
- Upcoming Update to Galaxy S6 and S6 Edge Should Add RAW Photo Capture
- Galaxy S6 Edge vs Galaxy Note Edge: Camera Comparison
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- Annual Spring DisplayJanuary 11 - March 18
- We Are The InsectsFebruary 6 - March 28
- Valentines Day DinnerFebruary 12 - February 14
Niagara Falls Attractions
Discover a whole new side of Niagara Falls through world-class attractions: Journey Behind the Falls, Niagara's Fury, Butterfly Conservatory and more! With over 1325 hectares (3274 acres) of parkland, you're sure to find something for everyone. Walk along the boardwalk at the very edge of one of the world's wildest stretches of whitewater, ride an antique cable car across the racing Niagara River, stand at the very brink of the Falls, or even journey behind them. Then, finish your day with a free fireworks display* in Queen Victoria Park, steps from the Horseshoe Falls. Niagara Parks offers exclusive vantage points to see the magnificent Niagara Falls like you've never thought possible.
Journey Behind the Falls
Take a journey deep below and behind the heart of Niagara, and stand in the mist where the mighty Horseshoe Falls tumbles from 13 storeys above! This is as close as you can get to the Falls itself.
Butterfly Conservatory
You'll fall in love with this magical, rainforest paradise, featuring over 2,000 colourful tropical butterflies floating freely among lush, exotic blossoms and greenery.
Niagara's Fury
Standing on a massive platform, you will feel the wrath of Mother Nature as the floor tilts and trembles beneath you. Niagara Parks has recreated the amazing sights and sounds of the formation of Niagara Falls.
WEGO Transportation
Ride to Fun! This state-of-the-art bus system connects you to your favourite Niagara Parks attractions as well as other tourist areas in Niagara Falls. WEGO is fully accessible.
Floral Showhouse
Enjoy collections of orchids, succulents and other tropical plant species are on display throughout the year, along with floral shows that reflect the changing seasons.
Niagara Falls Fireworks
Enjoy free Fireworks over Niagara Falls! Check out free seasonal fireworks displays all year long. Please view our current fireworks schedule for up-to-date dates and timing.
Niagara Falls Illumination
Every evening beginning at dusk the Falls are lit in the colours of the rainbow. Don't miss the unmatched beauty of the Falls at night! Illumination of the Falls has been financed and operated by The Niagara Falls Illumination Board since 1925.
Table Rock Welcome Centre
Table Rock Welcome Centre is the heart of Niagara Parks - where every year over 8 million visitors stand close to the thundering water rushing over the brink of the Horseshoe Falls!


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I have been going here for years and I always come back for more. Fast, fresh food and great customer service!
Burritos are two meals in one
Try the super suiza quesadilla with chicken. Side of guac is worth it, skip the light sour cream.
Veggie taco salad bowl for $5.99, great deal
Healthy and fresh
Be careful if you have a milk allergy. The wraps are made with milk. I've made several complaints because I love their burritos but can't eat them for that simple reason and they won't switch!
HALF PRICE BURRITOS Thursday November 15th as a show of customer appreciation. Oh, how i love you Mucho!
So good. You gotta try it
Share your meals on instagram by tagging #uberfud Follow @uberfud on Twitter
Don't bother with getting the chips and salsa here. Prices are way to much for so little. Just walk over to Walmart.
Delicious and HUGE burritos, and great service.
Burritos are huge!
No gringos allowed amigos
Fun music outside feels like you're going to a fiesta!


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Respond to Review of The Sprout
by dairyfreebetty
Review: We went to The Sprout after weeks of being excited to visit! We got a lovely window seat with the sun shinning in. The restaurant is super cute and the wait staff were amazingly friendly. We ordered our food (Chili, Olive tapenade sandwich) and while we were waiting I noticed a little drawer in our table, with little love notes! So cute! (I added one too!) The food was great - tons of options for dairy free people such as myself!! I got a vegan brownie to go, and it was to die for. Only complaint is they didn't come back to our table after our meal was served and I had to bring my left overs up to the counter when we went to get the bill. Overall great experience though, I wish we had most time in St. John's to eat here again! 2 of us ate + a brownie for under $20.
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Sweet Baby Feet Blue Deluxe Party Pack
Celebrate his arrival with our Sweet Baby Feet Blue Deluxe Party Pack!
Our Sweet Baby Feet Blue Deluxe Party Pack shows cute baby foot prints along with stripe and gingham patterns in black, light blue and white. You will receive table settings for eight, thank you notes and coordinating decorations all in one convenient package. The Sweet Baby Feet Blue Deluxe Theme Party Pack includes:
- Dinner Plates (8)
- Luncheon Napkins (16)
- 9 ounce Hot/Cold Cups (8)
- Thank You Notes (pkg of 8)
- Pastel Blue Plastic Cutlery (8 spoons, 8 forks and 8 knives)
- White 54 inch x 108 inch Plastic Table Cover
- 81 feet of Pastel Blue Crepe Streamer
- 81 feet of White Crepe Streamer
- 18 inch x 54 inch Vinyl Personalized Banner
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, please contact our Customer Service Department at (email@example.com or 1-800-314-8794).
Reviewed by 1 customer
Best Uses
I love the banner
- Was this a gift?:
- No


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|Reviews for Wilderness Experience
| SassafrasT chapter 1 . 8/29/2015
Love your humor and your stories. Hope you are well.
| Ray chapter 1 . 1/24/2015
I miss you and your stories so much!
I always randomly drop by to re-read them. Your way of portraying Scott and Logan was far too priceless!
Hope you're doing well!
| Guest chapter 1 . 10/24/2013
| wyvern713 chapter 1 . 6/24/2013
This made me laugh! Can't wait to see how the trip turns out!
| Facade15 chapter 1 . 6/18/2013
You are hilarous. I mean it, Funniest. Fanfic. EVER.
| Guest chapter 1 . 6/9/2013
Just made my way through your fics. THey're are brilliant absolutely love it!
| Kokoro-Yolin-chan chapter 1 . 9/22/2012
Please! You must write more of this histories, they are amazing :)
| Kai chapter 1 . 5/1/2012
I miss your stories so much! And Darwin too!
Hope you're well wherever you are. C: You're quite talented at writing!
| Androgynous-Heron chapter 1 . 1/11/2012
...i am speechless.
good job!
Oh yeah Warren the III is hot.
| bbb136 chapter 1 . 6/5/2011
Your writing style is so freaking awesome! And you're right actually, Logan does sorta have an obsession with Scotts ass. Not that I blame him or anything _
| YurieOfTheLair chapter 1 . 6/4/2011
Love this story xD
| Lisa Rentahl chapter 1 . 5/29/2011
OMG this was so funny! Thank goodness you're back, I miss your stories so much :D
| who.says.we.cant.win chapter 1 . 5/8/2011
I LOVED the last part about the whitewater rafting...
| CedarPineSpruce chapter 1 . 4/12/2011
Wonderful as ever. You always make me laugh and make me feel happy. Many many thanks to you. ~hugs you~
| skyward2312 chapter 1 . 11/16/2010
so far i've reviewed like 4 or 5 of your Xmen humor fics and im like "what shud i say besides your fics make me laugh till i go blind and cough up my intestines" and i decided to say that your fics could stop wars and bring peace to the land, thats how awesome i think you are...
[now i sound like a fanatic dork so sorry about that] S


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Building medium to large pond?? suggestions?
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Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: Beloit, WI
Posts: 4
Looks like a nice space for a pond, I wish I had that much room and privacy. Looks like you have good access to the site and plenty of elbow room so anything is possible. For starters the dimensions you list will result in a pond of about 5,000 gallons which is quite an undertaking. Probably need a backhoe for digging out the pond and various plumbing/electric trenches. Plus somewhere to dispose of soil. Might be a good idea to think about future landscaping projects (planting beds, retaining walls, etc) before hauling all that dirt away.
Here are some general things to think about, even though you mentioned some of your preferences already.
Will this be a koi only pond or do you want plants also? Koi can be pretty rough on plants, so you may want avoid one or the other. Goldfish can be a nice alternative if you want alot of plants.
Rubber liner or natural/clay bottom? For this size pond you are probably best going with a 45 mil EPDM liner. If this is going to be a liner pond, then you may want to adjust the sizes according to the most common sizes of liner available (15', 20', 25') rather than having to buy a larger liner just for an added foot of width.
Rock bottom or bare liner? A rock bottom pond does look nice and much more natural than a bare liner, but rocks tend to trap alot of debris and can be a maintenance headache. There is alot of debate on this issue so I will leave it at that.
Straight walls or sloped? All walls will tend to settle over time depending on soil types and construction methods, but straight walls usually provide more protection from the predators that you
have like raccoons and herons. However, straight walls usually need to be reinforced. Common ways of doing this are either block wall construction or at least installing a concrete collar around the pond to help stabilize the edges. The other advantage of straight walls is that they maximize water volume for a given circumference.
Filtration? Filtration needs are based on water volume and fish load. If you are happy with just having a few fish, then you can get away with something rather simple like a skimmer and bio-falls, but if you want alot of big koi, then you may need to plan for something more substantial. There are alot of good DIY filter designs available. Also remember that you will need to get power out to the pond for pumps/lights/etc.
Dealing with run-off water? With that location you will need to keep run-off out of the pond. This can be accomplished with proper berming or drainage. Another option is a raised edge pond. This is a more formal look, but saves on digging and will keep the floods out of the pond. Also helps in predator control.
Not trying to scare you, but there is alot to think about. There are a number of good web sites out there to get information from, the trick is finding the one that fits your idea of what this pond should be. Everything from very high tech koi pond, to much more natural looking.
Good Luck
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Movement Science Series A New Challenge-Robotics the Neurologically Motor Impaired in the Rehabilitation of Rehabilitation robotics is a research area, originating in engineering, that has emqed in the last decade. Its broad aim is to use robot technology to assist peo- ple with movement dysfunction. The neurologically impaired population might gain considerably from the provision of robots as "assistants" or "therapy aides,'" but the interface with the machine must match both the physical and intellectual abilities of the user. We therefore consider a multidisciplinary approach, encom- passing both behavioral and engineen'ng perspectives, to be essential in achieving this aim. However, to date, published reports have been la~ely restricted to engi- neering journals or conference reports, and relatively little has appeared in the therapy literature. This article seeks to introduce physical therapists to robotics, describe possible applications to the rehabilitation of neurologically impaired pa- tients, and suggest issues deserving further investigation. [van Vliet P, Wing AM. A new challenge: robotics in the rehabilitation of the neurologically motor impaired. Phys Ther. 1991; 71:3947.] Key Words: Motor activity, Movement, Movement disorders, Rehabilitation, Robotics. Many people suffer disruption of sen- sory or motor pathways that results in chronic motor impairment with loss of function of one or more limbs. This loss of function can lead to an inability to carry out many of the nor- mal activities of everyday living. Physi- cal therapists have traditionally met the challenge of treating neurologi- cally impaired patients with motor disabilities by providing a mixture of exercise, to develop muscle strength and endurance, and skill training, to build up sensorimotor integration and coordination. Such therapy may in- volve the supervised use of machines that provide controlled exercising of single joints (for strength and mobil- ity') or of multiple joints (for coordi- nationz). A significant new develop- ment in this area is the use of sensors for providing augmented feedback3 or for tailoring the level of exercise to a patient's movement capability.4 A fur- ther potential benefit of such equip- ment is that it can provide objective records of the progress of individual patients. The application of technology to reha- bilitation extends beyond equipment that assists in the restoration of motor function to devices that are capable of substituting for a patient's impaired movement if it is thought that further improvement in the patient's motor P van Vliet, MSc, is Lecturer, School of Physiotherapy, Coventry Polytechnic, Priority St, Coventry, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom. A Wing, PhD, is Senior Scientist, Medical Research Council Applied Psychology Unit, 15 Chaucer Rd, Cambridge, CB2 2EF, United Kingdom. Address all correspondence to Dr Wing. Paulette van Vliet Alan M Wing function is unlikely. The aim is to con- fer as much independence on the pa- tient as possible so that control is typi- cally the responsibility of the patient, rather than the therapist. This respon- sibility usually entails the patient using controls that regulate external power sources by remote means. Thus, for example, a powered wheelchair has been developed for control with mini- mal effort using a miniature joystick that signals left-right and forward- backward movement.5 A mechanical arm with electric motors driving each joint has also been designed for con- trol by a selector switch linked to a menu-drive computer display.6 In substituting for impaired function, the user's development of skill is likely to benefit if fine details of movement execution are delegated to the machine and the user can concen- trate on the goals of a c t i ~ n . ~ ' ~ In pro- 50 / 39 Physical Therapy /Volume 71, Number 1 /January 1991
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Flgure 1. tion and the link lengths (A, B, C). (b) A robot arm used by spinal-cord-injured persons, anthropomorphic in structure. (kprinted with permissiclnji-om Noro K, Okada I . : Robotization and human factors. Ergonomics. 1983;26:985-1000.) (c) A robot with polar arm movement, within a spherical working conjguration. (Reprinted with permission from Hillman MR. A feasibility study of a robot ma- nipulatoir for the disabled. J Med Eng Technol. 1987;11:160-165.) (d) A robot with cylindrical arm movement, within a cylindrical working conjguration. (Reprinted from IEE Transactions. Copyright Institute of Industrial Engineers, 25 Technology Park/Atlatzta. Norcross, GA 30092.) (a) An industrial robot (PUMA), anthropomorphic in structure. The working volume is determined by the axes of rota- viding automatic control of machine movement, as in therapy devices, sen- sor systems are becoming increasingly important. Nisbet et al? for example, described the use of a wheelchair (ie, CALL Centre smart wheelchair) that is equipped with sensors and a micro- processor that can detect the proxim- ity of potential obstacles and take au- tomatic avoiding action. Another example of the use of sensors for au- tomatic correction is a mechanical prosthetic hand equipped with acous- tic sensors that respond to any slip- ping of a held objectS1O This informa- tion is fed back to a microprocessor that is programmed to compensate for the slip by a small increase in grip force. Devices that move or manipulate things under the control of a pro- grammed sequence of instructions constitute robots. The traditional use for a robot is in industrial assembly operations. A robot is defined by the Robot Institute of America as "a re- programmable multifunctional manip- ulator designed to move material, pans, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed mo- tions for the performance of a variety of tasks." " ( ~ ~ 9 5 ~ ) However, perhaps Physical Therapy/Volume 71, Number 1 /January 1991 40 / 51
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the most significant development in the field of robotics, not captured by this definition, is the use of sensors that permit robots to operate in an uncertain environment. The develop- ment of a capacity in robots to cope, if required, in autonomous fashion with unexpected events will be a cru- cial element in developing robotic domestic assistants that will require only intermittent supervision. Many neurologically impaired patients permanently lose the ability to per- form various necessary everyday func- tions. This loss has to be made up by providing either human assistance or assistance from some other source including, possibly, robots. With their remaining physical abilities, many pa- tients might be able to command a robot to carry out those tasks that they themselves would be unable to perform unaided. Such use of robots holds the potential of offering patients the advantages of increased indepen- dence, the feeling of control over their environment, and vocational possibilities at the same time as being cost-effective in that such use could decrease the need for assistance from other people. Given the potential benefits that the development of suitable robots might bring to the disabled, and the current extensive use of industrial robots, it might be thought that the technology would be very easily transferred by engineers to realize a rapid applica- tion of robotics in rehabilitation. However, the requirement that such robots work in contact with people and under supervisory control places them in contrast to most robots in industrial settings, in which the aim is to minimize human intervention. In rehabilitation, the most important is- sue becomes the relation between the user and the robot (ie, the human- machine interface [HMI]). There are published reports on the development of robotic devices for use by motor-impaired individuals that touch on the HMI issue. Many of these reports have appeared in the series of proceedings of meetings held under the auspices of the Associ- ation for the Advancement of Rehabil- itation Technology (RESNA).* How- ever, a survey of these reports reveals two, possibly related, problems. The first concern is that there is a ten- dency to treat each project in terms of specifics, such as the controls or dis- play for a particular machine, with little attempt to formulate findings in terms of principles that might be gen- eralized to systems based on different hardware. With rapidly developing technology, there is the risk of repeat- edly making the same mistakes if questions are not formulated in suffi- ciently general fashion. The second concern is that in the reported re- search, there is often an apparent lack of input regarding the user's behav- ior. Therapists and experimental psy- chologists are trained to observe and analyze patterns of behavior in ways that could be expected to provide insights that the system designer might miss or might not be disposed to investigate in a rigorous manner. Ergonomists concerned with human factors could be expected to make a valuable contribution in this as well as other areas of rehabilitation.'* In this article, we take the position that work on robotics has the poten- tial to make such an important contri- bution to rehabilitation that it de- serves discussion from a broad, overview perspective rather than in terms of the progress made on local research projects. Our thesis is that the greatest progress will be made by taking an integrated approach that not only takes account of the engineering challenges to meet the nature of the motor impairment, but also recog- nizes the full psychological environ- ment of the motor-impaired user of a robotic device. We first briefly sum- marize the nature of robots and con- sider some of the issues raised by allowing people to intervene in their control. We then turn to the use of *RESNA Press, 1101 Connecticut Ave NW, Ste 700, 52 141 Washington, DC 20036. robots by patient groups with con- trasting needs. Finally, we consider problems in evaluating benefits and assessing equipment safety. Robot manipulators come in many different shapes, according to the en- vironment within which they must work and the movements required of them (Fig. 1). The various links and joints that make up the arm and grip- per of a robot may be more or less anthropomorphic. For example, in a project involving very young, develop- mentally delayed children, Hoseit et all3 described the robot they used as moving like a human arm in its artic- ulation. The robot had five joints be- tween its base, body, upper arm, fore- arm, hand, and two fingers. The particular movements allowed by the joints defined six degrees of freedom for this particular robot, such that it could rotate on its base, extend and flex at the shoulder and at the elbow, extend and flex ('pitch") and supi- nate and pronate ("roll") at the wrist, and open and close the hand. (The rather limited hand function reflects a trade-off between the greater flexi- bility of use of a gripper modeled on the human hand and increased reli- ability of an end-effector that has fewer movable parts. In some cases, the limitations of the end-effector may be offset by endowing the robot with the ability to reconfigure itself by al- lowing it to switch between different grippers for different jobs). Robots also vary widely in size and speed of movement. The larger and heavier robots used in industry can often move so fast that they pose a considerable danger to people work- ing around them, and it is essential to close off the workspace when they are operating. In contrast, lightweight, portable robots, such as those de- signed for education, usually move relatively slowly and so pose little risk in the event of an unexpected colli- sion. Robots used in rehabilitation are sometimes custom-made for a specific purpose.14J5 However, the use of commercially available robots, per- haps in a modified form, is more Physical Therapy /Volume 71, Number 1 /January 1991
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common. Some research projects have involved the use of commer- cially available robots (eg, PUMA, UMI RTX) designed for industrial applica- tions. For example, van der Loos et a116 describe the use of PUMA, and Harwin et all7 report on a project us- ing a UMI RTX. Other projects have been based on smaller, educational robots such as the MicrobotIH or the Cobra.19 Any desired movement of the end- effector of a robot, in terms of either its location or its orientation in three- dimensional space, involves adjusting the conf~guration of its links using the motors that drive each joint. Deter- mining how the angle of each joint should be changed relative to all the other joints to achieve a given reposi- tioning of the end-effector is known as the "inverse kinematics problem." Solving he inverse kinematics prob- lem is not a trivial task and entails extensive computation by the comput- ers associated with any robotic sys- tem. Moreover, in an unpredictable environment it is possible, for exam- ple, for links to be unexpectedly per- turbed so that the motors do not ex- actly reproduce required changes in joint angle. For reasons such as this it is desirable that the robot receive feedback from a suitably distributed array of sensors. Some of these sen- sors may provide feedback about indi- vidual joint angles. For object manipu- lation, however, information about the force being exerted on the object can be particularly useful. In general, the processing of information from multiple sensors cannot be handled in an isolated fashion, but must be integrated (in a process often termed "sensor fusion") in order, for exam- ple, to r~zsolve conflicting sources of information. This integration may re- quire relating sensory input to a pre- existing knowledge base or to infor- mation derived from a vision-based analysis of the general scene. It also entails considerable computation. Figure 2. spring-return joystick. (c) A trackball. Types of input devices: (a) Cursor-control kty layout (b) Displacenzent, User Interface to envisage all possible ways of using the robot's manipulator. It would cer- tainly be nice if the user could give instructions to a robot in terms of higher-level goals for action, such as "get some water," or even if the robot could respond to implied instructions, such as "I'm thirsty," and the user could delegate control of the fine de- tails of requisite movements to the robot. However, it is realistic to ex- pect there will be occasions when direct, moment-to-moment control is required over the individual move- ments of a robot.20 The user may pos- sess "privileged" information such as bodily sensations derived from con- tact with the robot when the robot is being used to accomplish some as- pect of personal care. It is then appro- priate to let the user specify the ro- bot's movements, possibly with a confirmatory check by the robotic system before the movement is imple- mented.21 Subjecting a robot to opera- tor intervention moves the focus toward the nature of the user's con- trols and the presentation to the user of information about the remote- controlled device. We now turn to a brief ove~view of some of these con- siderations. For a more extended dis- cussion, the reader should refer to a review of the growing literature on remote-controlled (teleoperated), semiautonomous devices, such as that of Sheridan.22 In order to develop a set of controls suited to the physical capacities of any particular user, many choices must be made.23 These choices include the number of controls, the range of the control (for example, whether it oper- ates over a continuum of values or whether it switches between discrete values, the latter being more resistant to inaccurate movement), and the physical dimension along which the control varies (for example, whether it registers force or position). hother important consideration is the rela- tion of the control to the controlled variable on the robot. In general, it is found that controls are easier to use if the spatial relations of the control In developing computer programs to control ;I robot, it is perhaps unrea- sonable to expect a software engineer Physical Therapy /Volume 71, Number 1 / January 1991 42 153
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correspond as nearly as possible to those of the controlled variable.2" However, it is worth noting that con- trol of individual joint movements is not generally to be recommended. Control defined in terms of end- effector position and orientation, which may be viewed as higher level, is usually found to be easier for both the physically handicapped and the able-bodied user.25.26 The selection of suitable controls from a set of options, such as those shown in Figure 2, is important. Two commonly encountered classes of problems arise from the selection of controls that are awkward to use. The first class of problems concerns per- formance. Controls that are difficult to use are likely to increase the time required for the robot to carry out a task and thus to render its perfor- mance less accurate. An inaccurate performance by the robot could cre- ate an unsafe situation in which the user is at risk or there is potential damage to the robot or objects in the environment. The second class of problems caused by unsatisfactory controls concerns comfort. If the dis- abled person is very limited in his or her manner of movement and exces- sive use is required of the control, he or she might become fatigued or even suffer repetitive strain injuries. With this point in mind, and also given that variety of exercise is desir- able in combating the decreases in bone density, muscle length, muscle strength, and joint integrity that often accompany disuse, it may be benefi- cial if the controls are chosen to draw on the disabled user's remaining range of movement. This consider- ation may be seen as contrasting with the common preoccupation in design- ing controls for the nondisabled per- son, in which the goal often appears to be to minimize the amount of physical work required. Because a computer is invariably re- quired to control robot movement, it makes sense to use its inforrnation- handling capabilities to provide the user with a graphics display. One use for such a display might be to provide information on the current state of controls. Even if the user has unre- stricted vision of the robot's actions, the various possible levels of interac- tion with the robot mean that the function of a finite set of controls is likely to keep changing. A display could serve as an external memory aid for the way each control relates to the set of actions that are currently available. The display might also be used to provide information to the user about the progress of the task at hand. This information might be at the level of actions completed so far, or, if the user is engaged in direct control of individual movements, it might be feedback in schematic terms about the disposition of the robot arm. Another use for a display arises if movement sequences can be pro- grammed by the user and saved in the computer memory for later exe- cution. The display is then required for symbolic manipulations to allow programming of the action sequences. Alternatively, a schematic view of the manipulator might be shown in the "teach" mode, in which the user can set up a sequence of positions for subsequent use.L7 In either case, such programming functions would be as- sisted by allowing a symbolic "pre- view" display. In selecting a set of controls and de- termining the nature of the display, the system designer should be aware that there may be interactions with the user's intellectual organization of the activity. There is a distinction in mechanical terms between the move- ments required to use a keyboard and those required to use a mouse, such that control sequences may have more parallel elements (in the case of simultaneous keystroke combinations on a keyboard) or be more serially organized (in the case of sequential moves of the mouse). This distinction may influence the way people think or remember how to interact with the sy~tem.~~J9 A goal for design would therefore be that, with developing familiarity, using a robotic system should become part of one's way of thinking. The system would then be more likely to be thought of as an extension of one's self. It would seem reasonable to suppose that natural language styles of communication with a robot, rather than selection from a formal, constrained command set, would facilitate this goal.30 Be- cause speech is already a commonly used mode of asking others for assist- ance, speech would certainly appear to be a natural choice for robot con- trol. There is growing expertise in automatic speech recognition for the disabled,31 and it is certainly encour- aging to see the appearance of at least one commercially available, voice- controlled robotic work stati0n.3~ Patient Differences The range of motor impairments that may be seen in neurologically im- paired patients is very great. Both the nature and the extent of the impair- ment may vary. Cerebellar damage can result in incoordination without slowing or weakening of voluntary movements. Weakness and fatiguabil- ity are often associated with damage to the corticospinal pathways. When damage to the corticospinal paths arises as a result of a stroke affecting the middle cerebral artery, the motor deficits are often accompanied by damage to sensory pathways. Because proprioceptive disturbances, by them- selves, disrupt fine-precision control, this damage can be particularly disabling. The neural damage resulting from a stroke is almost invariably restricted to one side of the brain. With the re- sulting deficits in movement lateral- ized to the opposite side of the body, the "recovery" of a stroke patient may be a matter of learning to substitute use of the arm or leg on the unin- volved side. However, such substitu- tion is not possible if the disease pro- cess results in functional deficits on both sides of the body. Thus, for ex- ample, bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia occurring in Parkinson's dis- ease result in symptoms (which can include slowness of movement and fatiguability) that are typically bilat- eral. With damage to the spinal cord (usually resulting from mechanical trauma), the interruption of sensory and motor paths to and from the brain results in symmetric loss of Physical Therapy/Volume 71, Number 1 /January 1991
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function of all pans of the body inner- vated by nerves branching distally with respect to the point of damage. Clearly, the provision of robotic assist- ance for patients with motor impair- ment must be adaptable to take ac- count of the extent of involvement (unilateralbilateral, lower/upper limbs) and its nature (incoordination, weakness). The determination of what would be appropriate to provide a patient should not be governed only by the physical requirements. Account should a1,so be taken of the patient's own perceived needs, perhaps in the form of a "wish list."I4 Even though all items on the list might not be achievable, the list could serve the further purpose of providing a basis for any concurrent psychological counselin~g. Fengler and Cameron33 have reported realistic expectation in a preliminary study of five severely disabled new users of a menu-driven robot. In planning the potential role for robotic aid in a management pro- gram for a particular patient, account must alsal be taken of whether the functional deficits are likely to remain stable or to deteriorate progressively or whether there is a likelihood of improvement through recovery. We will now discuss the contrasting needs of different patients for each of these conditions. Stable Conditions Because of the profound loss of movement that is directly related to the level of the lesion, patients with spinal injuries are the group most commonly encountered in the appli- cation of robotics to rehabilitation. The lesions of the spinal cord second- ary to such injuries result in stable functional deficits. To overcome these deficits, robots have been used for a variety of activities of daily living as well as for leisure and vocational tasks. Seamone and Schmeisser34 de- scribe their evaluation of 20 quadri- plegic adults' use of a robot con- trolled either by movement of individual joints or through prepro- grammed motion sequences. Among the tasks assayed was picking up the telephone and holding it to the ear and using a spoon to eat from a bowl. Hall et a135 report a study of high- level quadriplegic patients who used a voice control over a robot with pre- programmed sequences for tasks such as washing the face, feeding, and op- erating a two-way speaker phone. Both studies used table-mounted ro- bots in a work-station context in which the robot was fixed in a spe- cially designed desklike environment. However, because the spinal-injured patient is invariably wheelchair bound, the wheelchair provides an obvious platform for mounting a ro- bot with movements that are consis- tent with, and easily related to, the body.l"36 Such a mounting also has the advantage of not restricting the user to a particular location (as is the case with table-mounted robots), which may have an isolating effect on the individual. Progressively Deteriorating Conditions In patients whose motor impair- ment increases progressively (eg, patients with motoneuron disease, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, or multiple sclerosis), the degree of assistance required will increase with time. Simultaneously, the types of usable control will become more constrained; merely increasing the sensitivity of a given control may not be sufficient. Rather, a different type of control may be needed, one that recognizes the patient's de- creasing capacity for numerous or complex control movements. At first sight, increasing limitations on movement might appear to conflict with the need for greater assistance. However, it is exactly this situation in which a robot, able to learn and adapt to a user's requirements and also offering a varying hierarchy of control, might be especially useful. As the patient's skill develops, more complex actions might be offered as command options, whereas if of- fered earlier, these actions would only have confused an unskilled user. Naturally, an important issue for this approach is the extent to which changing the command inter- face can be met so that the user perceives consistency of usage. A balance of responsibility for identi- fying when to make the changes must also be apportioned between therapist, patient, and even perhaps the robot itself. Improving Conditions A major goal of physical therapy inter- vention in conditions such as stroke or cerebral palsy, in which the patient is expected to improve, is the relearn- ing of normal movement while pre- venting secondary changes from dis- use. The patient should be an active participant in attempting to achieve challenging, realistic goals; practicing with accuracy and consistency; receiv- ing feedback about performance; re- ceiving manual, verbal, and visual guidance when necessary; and trying to generalize newly learned skills to his or her everyday environment.37 In terms of rehabilitation robotics, using external means to replace lost func- tion is unlikely to be the aim as long as the therapist judges that function is continuing to improve. However, in such cases, there is a potential role for robots as training devices. This role is illustrated by a pilot study of Kristy.3" robot arm was placed in front of the patient, and a light on the gripper switch of the robot arms was used to indicate different positions to which a patient should reach. Imme- diate feedback was provided by the light going off when touched, and quantitative information regarding the speed and accuracy of the movement was recorded by the robotic system to provide the patient with knowledge of results. It should be noted that no knowledge of qualitative aspects of the movement was provided; the pa- tient was required to monitor this. Nonetheless, the subjective repons of therapists and patients in this study indicated the robotic system was help- ful as a treatment tool. So far, our emphasis in this article has been on adult rehabilitation. Most of what has been stated assumes a level of intellectual functioning sufficient to control a semiautonomous robot. Al- though it might be supposed that with suitable training most patients Physical 'Therapy /Volume 71, Number 1 / 'January 1991
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would be able to learn the necessary skills, it is conceivable that difficulties in using a robot might arise, for ex- ample, in people who are disabled from birth. These individuals may lack perceptual abilities that are depen- dent on having had active experience with objects in the real world. How- ever, one could take the contrasting view, that a robot manipulator might provide just the means for multiply handicapped individuals to build up a better cognitive representation of the world. It is a widely held belief that cognitive development is based on a child's active manipulation of the physical environment. Work by Hoseit et alfi with very young (chronological age, <36 months), developmentally delayed children suggests a robot can provide the means to motivate them to explore the environment and to facilitate understanding (eg, of cause- and-effect relationships). A subsequent report from the same group of re- ~earchers3~ indicated that children can become interested in using a robotic arm, as long as the actions being per- formed directly involve the child (eg, bringing an object to them) and allow the child to appreciate the relation- ship between switch activation and resultant behavior. However, for the children with serious intellectual de- lay, it may be appropriate to limit the degree of flexibility afforded by the ~ontrols.~O Another, more comprehensive ap- proach to using a robot as a teaching aid for older, severely physically handicapped children is described by Gosine et aL41 The applications devel- oped by these authors may be sum- marized under six categories of activ- ity: early developmental education (teaching concepts such as color, size, sequence), interactive game play (for example, fox and hounds), painting, interactive chemistry experiments, cooking, and feeding. On the basis of informal observations, the authors concluded that the active participation afforded by the robot facilitated learn- ing and warranted further develop- ment of the approach. More detailed behavioral observations from another study,Qin which a 13-year-old cerebral-palsied child was provided with a low-cost robotic arm for feed- ing, suggest further potential benefits in the area of movement control. Over a period of a month, the child learned to use the robot to feed him- self in the time it had previously taken his mother to carry out the same task. More significantly, im- provements were observed in hand and head movement control, with a decline in the Frequency of involun- tary movements. In further develop- ments in this area, an important issue will be the appropriate balance be- tween the robot providing automated execution of component tasks as op- posed to allowing the child direct access over the robot's movements, with the possible benefit of "learning by d0ing."~3 Performance Evaluation Questioning the extent to which a disabled person's needs are being met by robotic assistance must be fundamental to any development pro- gram for rehabilitation robotics. Per- haps the most obvious means to as- sess robotic systems in rehabilitation is to ask the user to provide an evalu- ation, using ratings in questionnaires and the like. Hammel et a144 report satisfaction among a group of high- level quadriplegic patients with a ro- bot's performance of a number of tasks including brushing teeth and feeding. Significantly, these authors report that the users indicated a pref- erence for the robot versus the family/attendant in performing these functions. (El~ewhere,~5 plex approach that seeks to determine the semantic structure underlying us- ers' evaluative comments of robotic assistance has been outlined). In addi- tion to soliciting the patient's com- ments, there is relevance in the thera- pist's observations, particularly if these observations are collected in a struc- tured fashi0n.~c<47 The therapist's ob- servations might be used to confirm the patient's observations. In addition, the therapist might be expected to be more attuned to the need to maintain muscle strength and endurance and to prevent changes associated with disuse. These changes may be exacer- bated if the robot takes over functions a more com- that the patient can perform indepen- dently or with minimal assistance. Although subjective report methods offer face validity to an evaluation ex- ercise, their susceptibility to uninten- tional bias" should foster the increas- ing use of objective performance measures. The results of studies of human computer interaction with nondisabled populations have sug- gested that objective evaluations would be more widely used if a set of standard (benchmark) tasks were to be developed.*9 Indeed, the evalua- tion of telerobotic systems commonly involves performance assessment with a standard set of tasks such as Fitts' peg task, in which the time taken to transfer pegs between close-fitting holes is recorded. This would be a useful approach to the evaluation of rehabilitation robotics, provided the tasks be designed with sufficient gen- erality to be appropriate to a broad range of control-display arrangements. Ideally, the tasks would afford not only global outcome measures of per- formance, but also detailed measures of coordination and fluency in using the robotic system. With either type of measure, it will be important in fu- ture work to support claims made of the useability of particular systems with statistical tests that make due allowance for the inherent variability of human performance. Another approach to evaluation in this area that would be worth considering in rehabilitation robotics is the use of graphics simulation. In order to speed up development, the user controls a computer display that recreates the characteristics of a telerobot without the need to implement its hard~are.5~ Indeed, the general point may be made that, given the difficulty in car- rying out performance evaluation tests with the small numbers of patients available at research centers, more effort might be put into testing robot systems with nondisabled users. This approach may be seen as analogous to a study of the attention demands of using an artificial limb that was con- ducted using healthy subjects.5' Physical Therapy /Volume 71, Number 1 /January 1991
Page 8
A primary area for concern in any assessment of robot performance in rehabilitation applications must be safety, particularly in settings in which the manipulative devices are designed to function with the user within its range of acti0ns.5~ A disabled person may be critically dependent on the continued functioning of a robot; its failure might be dangerous. The dis- abled population may be less able to take evasive action and are likely to be using the robot to perform tasks that involve them directly, such as transporting hot liquids to their mouth. Various strategies are cur- rently being developed to reduce risks in such situations. Lees et al,'l for example, describe a desk-top ro- botic assistant that moves in small, incremer~tal steps as it approaches the user's face. Possible sources of hazard are control errors (by the computer software); human errors; mechanical hazards; or problems with the elec- tronics, hydraulics, or pneumatics of the ~ystem.~3 Clearly, it would be de- sirable for there to be some consider- ation of standards for mobile robots by the International Organization for Standardization.5' Rehabilitation is aimed ultimately at increasing a person's independence. This goal can be accomplished either by regaining the ability to move or by using ex1:ernal means to achieve movement. In this discussion of the application of robots to the rehabilita- tion of neurologically impaired pa- tients, two roles for robots have been considered. First, the robot can serve as a trairdng aid, in which the person is regaining the ability to move. Sec- ond, the robot can be a substitute for human movement. Research is well underway into investigating how ro- bots might be implemented in reha- bilitation in these two ways. Most of this research has been initiated by the designers of the robots; to date, the involvenlent of those who might con- tribute understanding to the end- users' problems, such as physical therapists and psychologists, has been somewhat lacking. When there has been such involvement, it has tended to be at later, operative stages, in which the role is one of advising on minor alterations to a robot to fit the user, rather than as a key input to the initial design. We consider it impera- tive that those who understand pa- tients' problems actively participate in and provide direction for the applica- tion of robots to rehabilitation. We believe such initiatives would contrib- ute significantly to ensuring that the patients' interests remain the primary consideration. Acknowledgments We acknowledge the comments of Susan Goodrich, Ray Gosine, Patrick Haggard, William Harwin, and Robin Jackson. References 1 Isolated Joint Testing arzd Exercise: A fland- book for lising Cybex I atid the UBXT Ronkonkoma, NY Cybex, Div of Lumex, Inc; 1983. 2 Hocherman S, Dickstein R, Pillar T. Platform training and postural stability in hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1984;65:588-592. 3 Winstein CJ, Gardner ER, McNeal DR, et al. Standing balance training: effect on balance and locomotion in hemiparetic adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989;70:755-762. 4 Godall RM, Pratt DJ, Rodgers CTG, Murray- Leslie CM. Enhancing postural stability in hemiplegics using externally applied forces. Int J Rehab Res. 1987; 10: 132-140. 5 Wilshere ER. Equipment for the Disabled: Wheelchairs. 5th ed. Oxford, England: Oxhrd- shire Health Authority; 1982. 6 Hillman MR, Orpwood RD. A robot worksta- tion for the disabled. In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Robotic Appli- cations in Medical arzd Health Care. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: National Research Council; 1988:7.1-7.6. 7 Johnson P. The acquisition of skill. In: Smyth MM, Wing AM, eds. The Psychology of Human Movement. London, England: Academic Prcss Inc (London) Ltd; 1984: chap 8. 8 Gentile AM. Skill acquisition: action, move- ment and motor processes. In: Carr J, Shep- herd R, eds. Movement Science: Foundations for Physical Therapy in Rehabilitation. I.ondon, England: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd; 1987:93-117. 9 Nisbet PD, Odor JP, Loudon IR. The CALL Centre smart wheelchair. In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Robotic Applications in Medical and Health Care. Ot- tawa, Ontario, Canada: National Rehearch Council; 1988:9.1-9.10. 10 Kyberd PJ, Chappell PH, Nightingale JM. Sensory control of a multifunction hand pros- thesis. Biosensors 1988;3:347-357. 11 Knight AL. Robots and automatic produc- tion machinery. In: Parmeggiani L, ed. Encyclo- paedia of Occupational I-lealth and Safety, Volume 3rd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: Inter- national Labour Organisation: 1983:195&1952. 12 Rice VB, Sind PM. The role of human fac- tors in rehabilitation. Human Factors Society Bulletin. 1990;33:4-5. 13 Hoseit P, Liu KM, Cook AM. Development and use of a robotic arm system with very young, developmentally delayed children. In: Foulds R, ed. Interactiue Robotic Aidsane Option for Independent Liztng: An Interna- tional Perspectitle. New York, NY World Reha- bilitation Fund; 1986:4%50. 14 Cameron W. Manipulative appliance devel- opment in Canada. In: Foulds R, eti. Interactive Robotic Aidsane Option for Independent Liuing: An International Perspective. New York, W: World Rehabilitation Fund; 1986: 24-28. 15 Hillman MR. Development of a robot workstation for the disabled. In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Domes- tic Robots and Second International W'orkshop on Medical and Health Care Robotics. London; England: Department of Trade and Industry; 1989:355-359. 16 van der Loos HFM, Michalowski SJ, lnifer LJ. Design of an omnidirectional mobile robot as a manipulation aid for the severely dis- abled. In: Foulds R, ed. Interacti~~e Aids-One Option for Independent Litling: An International Perspective. New York, NY: World Rehabilitation Fund; 1986:61-63. 17 Harwin WS, Ginige A, Jackson RD. A poten- tial application in early education and a possi- ble role for a vision system in a workstation- based robotic aid for physically disabled persons. In: Foulds R, ed. Interactive Robotic Aids-One Option for Independent Living An International Perspective. New York, NY: World Rehabilitation Fund; 1986:18-23. 18 Anderson LL. Use of a small robotic arm in the workplace by a severely physically dis- abled individual. In: Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference on Rehabilitation Technol- ogy. Memphis, Tenn: RESNA Press; 19857-9. 19 Zeelenberg AP. Domestic use of a training robot-manipulator by children with muscular dystrophy. In: Foulds R, ed. Interacti~/e Robotic Aids-One OptionJor Independetit Liuing: An International Perspective. New York, NY: World Rehabilitation Fund; 1986:29-33. 20 Gosinc RG, Harwin WS, Jackson RD. CURL: A programming environment for a rehabilita- tion robot. In: Proceedings of the First Intenza- tional Workshop on Robotic Applications in Medical and Health Care. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: National Research Council; 1988: 6.1-6.10. 21 Lees DS, Crigler R, van der Loos HFM, Lei- fer LJ. A third generation desktop robotic as- sistant for the severely physically disabled. In: Proceedings oJthe Internatiotial Conference ofthe Arsociation for the Advancenzet~t of Re- habilitation Technoloa (ICAART 88). Washing- ton, DC: RESNA Press; 1988:450-4 51. 22 Sheridan TB. Telerobotics. Plenary prcsen- tation for the 10th IFAC World Congress on Automatic Control; July 27-31, 1987, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany. 23 Dymand EA, Potter R, Grifiths PAG, Mc- Clemart EJW. A week in the life of Mary: the impact of microtechnology on a severely hand- icapped person. J Biomed Eng. 198X;lO: 483-490. Robotic Physical Therapy/Volun~e 71, Number 1 /January 1991 46 / 57
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24 Poulton EC. Tracking Skill and Manual Control. New York; NY. Academic Press Inc; 1974. 25 Wallersteiner U, Stager P, Lawrence P. A human factors evaluation of teleoperator hand controllers. In: Mason CA, ed. Teleoperation and Control: Proceedings of the International Symposium (IFS Publications). Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1988:291-296. 26 Kwee HH, Duimel JJ, Smits JJ, et al. The Manus wheelchair-borne manipulator: system review and first results. In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Domestic Ro- bots and Second International Workshop on Medical and Health Care Robotics. London, England: Department of Trade and Industry; 1989:385-393. 27 Apkarian J, Naumann S, Masanic C, Milner M. Proceedings of the First lnternational Workshop on Domestic Robots and Second International Workshop on Medical and Health Care Robotics. London, England: De- partment of Trade and Industry; 1989:361-370. 28 Buxton W. Chunking and phrasing and the design of human-computer dialogues. In: Kugler H-J, ed. Infor~nation Processing 86. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers BV; 1986. 29 Buxton W. There's more to interaction than meets the eye: some issues in manual input. In: Norman DA, Draper SW, eds. [Jser- Centered System Design: Neu' Perspecti~~es lluman-Computer Interaction. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc; 1986: 319-337. 30 Michalowski S, Crangle C, Lian L. Experi- mental study of a natural-language interface to an instructable robotic aid for the severely disabled. In: Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Rehabilitation Technolo~py. San Jose, Calif: RESNA Press; 1987:773-775. 31 Noyes JM, Haigh R, Starr AJ. Automatic speech recognition for disabled people. Ap. plied Ergono~nics. 1989;20:293-298. 32 Rash W. A helping hand. Byte. December 1989: 129-130. 33 Fengler M, Cameron WM. Clinical testing of a low cost robotic arm for the severely physically disabled. In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Robotic Applica- lions in Medical and Health Care. Ottawa, On- tario, Canada: National Research Council; 1988:lO.l-10.3. 34 Seamone W, Schmeisser G. Evaluation of the APWHU robot arm workstation. In: Foulds R, rd. Interactive Robotic Aids-One for Independent Living: An International Per- on Option spective. New York, NY: World Rehabilitation Fund; 1986:51-53. 35 Hall K, Glass K, Hammel J, et al. Evaluation of a tabletop robotic aid for quadriplegics. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Rehabilitation Technology. San Jose, Calif: RESNA Press; 1987:776-777. 36 Kwee I-IH, Duimel JJ, Smits JJ, et al. The Manus wheelchair-borne manipulator. Pro- ceedings of the First International Workshop on Robotic Applications in Medical and Health Care. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: National Re- search Council; 1988:6.14.10. 37 Carr J, Shepherd R. A Motor Relearning Program for Stroke. London, England: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd; 1987. 38 Kristy KA. Use of robotic arm as a rehabili- tation exercise partner: a therapeutic enhance- ment. In: Proceedings of the lnternational Conference of the Aisociation for the Adt~unce- ment of Rehabilitation Technology (ICAART 88). Washington, DC: RESNA Press; 1988: 452-453. 39 Cook AM, Hoseit P, Liu KM, et al: Using a robot arm system to facilitate learning in very young disabled children. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 198855: 132-137, 40 Karlan GR, Nof SY, Widmer NS, et al. Pre- liminary clinical evaluations of a prototype interactive robotic device (IRD-1). In: Proceed- ings oJ'the International Conference of the Aisociation for the Advancement of Rehabilita- tion Technology (ICAART 88). Washington, DC: RESNA Press; 1988:454455. 41 Gosine RG, Harwin WS, Jackson RD. Appli- cations of a programmable robotic workstation using the CURL programming environment. In: Proceedings of the First International Work- shop on Do~nestic Robots and Second Interna- tional Workshop on Medical and Health Care Robotics. London, England: Department of Trade and Industry; 1989:43-50. 42 Topping MJ, Hegarty JR. The potential of low-cost computerised robot arms as aids to independence for people with physical disabil- ity. In: Proceedings of the First lnternational Workshop on Domestic Robots and Second International Workshop on Medical and Health Care Robotics. London, England: De- partment of Trade and Industry; 1989303-307. 43 Howell RD. Designing a robotically-aided science laboratory for physically disabled stu- dents. In: Proceedings of the Canzbridge Work- shop on Rehabilitation Robotics Cambridge, England: University Engineering Dept TR78; 1989:45-49. 44 Hammel J, fIall K, van der Loos HFM, ct al. Clinical evaluation of a desktop robotic aid for severely physically disabled individuals. In: Proceedings oJ'the lnternational Conference of the Aisociation ,for the Advancement of Re- habilitation Technoloa~ (ICAART 88). Washing- ton, DC: RESNA Press; 1988:44BA49. 45 Valettas N, Goldenberg AA, Milner M. Clini- cal testing of the UTmMMC robotic aid. In: Proceedings of the First International Work- shop on Domestic Robots and Second Interna- tional Workshop on Medical and Health Care Robotics. London, England: Department of Trade and Industry; 1989:51-58. 46 van der Luos HFM, Michalowski SJ, Ham- me1 J, et al. Assessing the impact of robotic devices for the severely physically disabled. In: Proceedings of the First Intentntional Work- shop on Rohotic Applications in Medical and Health Care. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: National Research Council; 1988:l.l-1.6. 47 Johnson GI, Clegg CW, Ravden SJ. Towards a practical method of user interface valuation. Applied Ergonomics. 1989:20:255-260. 48 Poulton EC. Bias in Quantlbing Judg- ments. Hove, England: Lawrence Erlbaum &- sociates Ltd; 1989. 49 Baecker RM, Bwton W. The haptic channel. In: Baecker RM, Buxton W, eds. Readings in Iiuman Computer Interaction: A Multidis- ciplinaly Approach. Los Altos, Calif: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc; 1987; chap 8. 50 Bicker R, Burn K, Maunder L. The man- machine interface in remote manipulation. In: Mason CA, ed. Teleoperation and Control Pro- ceedings of the International Symposium (IFS Publications). Berlin, Federal Republic of Ger- many: Springer-Verlag; 1988:151-157. 51 Soede M. On the Mental Load in Arm Prosthesis Control. Leiden, the Netherlands; Nederlands Institut voor Praeventieve Gezondheidszorg-TNO; 1980. 52 Kwec HH. Spartacus and Manus: telethesis developments in France and the Netherlands. In: Foulds R, cd. Interaclive Robotic Aids-One Option for Independent Living An Interna- tional Perspective. New York, NY: World Reha- bilitation Fund; 1986:7-17. 53 Ottinger LV. Questions potential robot users commonly ask. Industrial Engineering. August 1982:28-33. 54 Meieran HB, Blatt SE. Ergonomic and safety considerations for teleoperated robotic devices controlled by the handicapped and the elderly. In: Mason CA, ed. Teleoperation and Control: Proceedings of the International Sym- posium (IFS Publications). Berlin, Federal Re- public of Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1988: 309-316. Physical Therapy /Volume 71, Number 1 /January 1991


text:
A pernicious virus plagues
The world we fail to know
Bending our minds to dictators
Who demand the impossible.
Inevitable infections, vanquished vaccination
Leaves us with but much to endure
Under weight that fails to be locked away
Back breaking, it is, back breaking, I say.
An exponential growth
The virus feeds on nothing
Yet multiplies to infinity
Leaving more to be deceived.
A telltale symptom lies in the mind
All cognitive senses are muted
Thoughts fail to organize themselves
Into a cohesive structure.
Indeed thoughts are dissected
Into five impugning categories
Continue Reading »


text:
The Spanish Grand Prix, by Darren Heath
Multi award winning F1 Photographer Darren Heath delivers a stunning collection of images from the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya at the 2014 Spanish Grand Prix.
|Lewis Hamilton
|Nico Rosberg
|Sebastian Vettel
|Jenson Button
|Fernando Alonso
A new way to navigate the McLaren site by personalising the stories you see. Dive into our archives, view trending articles and discover content suited to you.
Your own way to explore this site and our history. Get discovering.
McLaren LIVE brings you the unique story of the McLaren Honda race team from inside the garage.
Keep up to speed on driver position and lap times throughout the race alongside a live feed of images and radio chat between the engineers and drivers. It updates continuously during every practice, qualifying and race session, bringing privileged access into the chatter and flow of the pit garage, delivering insights straight to your desktop, tablet or mobile. Your own on-the-move or second screen experience.
Join the conversation with #McLarenLIVE.
Think you know your Gurney Flaps from your ICE's? Check out the F1 Playbook for a unique twist on the wonderful world of F1-speak.


text:
1410 Views 3 Replies Latest reply: Mar 29, 2011 3:41 PM by rccharles
Niel Mar 28, 2011 5:42 PM
in response to eleveUse the following AppleScript and copy/paste the result:
(current date) as string
eleve Mar 28, 2011 5:59 PM
in response to NielThanks.
So, I made that in ScriptEditor - how does she utilize that in TextEdit?
rccharles Mar 29, 2011 3:41 PM
in response to eleveTry this script:
set the clipboard to (current date) as string
Save the script as an applescript bundle. Place script in doc. Click on applescript in dock.
use command+v
to paste into any text editor.
The first thing that you need to do is to make the text into an AppleScript program.
Start the AppleScript Editor
/Applications/AppleScript/Script Editor.app
In Snow Leopard it's at: /Applications/Utilities/AppleScript Editor
Copy the script text to the Applescript editor.
Note: The ¬ is typed as option+return.It servers as a visual line end character.
You may need to retype these characters.
Save the text to a file as an application and do not check any of the boxes below.
If you want access to the script from your Script Menu, move the script (the saved script application file) to your
~/Library/Scripts folder. You can also drag it to your Dock or make an alias for it on the Desktop.
To debug, run the script within the Applescript Editor. Click on the event log tab at the bottom of the window. Click on the run icon. The results from the log statement will be shown at the bottom of the screen.


text:
Engineered using some of the most advanced space-age materials available, the Izorline XXX Super Co-Polymer in Clear maintains three distinct characteristics that make it perform extraordinarily well.
For ease-of-handling, the Izorline XXX Super Co-Polymer in Clear is made to be Xtra limp, which makes it super soft and a breeze to tie. In addition, the Izorline XXX Super Co-Polymer in Clear is designed to be Xtra strong as well, so you can pull hard on big fish with an unshakeable confidence. Lastly, the Izorline XXX Super Co-Polymer in Clear is built Xtra tough for enhanced abrasion resistance around rocks and timber. Ideal for both spinning and conventional reels, the Izorline XXX Super Co-Polymer in Clear delivers "XXX-cellent" performance that anglers can count on cast-after-cast.
Place Your Order Sign up for Izorline Fishing Line news and updates.
More Izorline Fishing Line
2 colors available
Customer Reviews Back to Top
Comments: This line is a great copolymer. Used #15 for football jigs. held up great. Can't wait to get out on the water again. Oh & did I mention that this stuff is stinkin cheap! Do yourself a favor and pick up Izorline XXX. You wont regret it.
From: Harrison: Helena, MT 4/11/15
Comments: Awesome fishing line. I'm a copolymer fan and have fished P line for the last several years but became dissatisfied with its lack of abrasion resistance and overall toughness. A couple guys recommended Izorline XXX to me and I've been using it exclusively this year and I love it. Extremely tough, sensitive, and casts great. I use 8# on spinning gear, 10# for cranks, 15# for chatterbaits/spinnerbaits, and 20# for flippin and I've been super happy with this line. Didn't think you could get all of these properties in one line but you can....Izorline!
From: Bob: West Bend, WI 6/15/14
Comments: Great Fishing line, Very Limp, low memory. I have used the same Fishing line For 4 tourneys and 6 pre fishing with out changing the line out and has still held up, I use the 10 lb xxx supper co-poly, it does not float so great for texas rig, crank baits and spinners. i also use the Platinum in green for top water as it tends to float.
From: Thomas: Middletown, RI 6/4/14
***Note: If you have questions about this product or need assistance with an order please email your questions to email@example.com


text:
1293. islandblow
"Has a weather station gone down in Melville Hall, Dominica? Not seeing the data for it."
It may well have done. I live a few miles away on the norh coast of Dominica and we have been getting some powerful combined and prolonged gusts approx 2.00am to 3.30am here and earlier, so the masts and system could be down. The sea has been powerful here too although on the north coast and heaven knows whats happening on the west coast exposed to Tomas.
Member Since: Posts: Comments:


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Article | February 2, 2012
Marchesini Group and HMH agreement to improve blister-packaging solutions
In the near future, Marchesini Group will offer new technological solutions for the industry of blister packaging machines, thanks to an agreement signed between the Group and HMH.
HMH is a Swiss-based company specializing in the manufacture of the SYPRO system for feeding products such as tablets, capsules and a variety of other items to blister machines. The agreement involves both technical and commercial affairs (for designing and developing the system) and aims at boosting the loading solutions for Marchesini's blister machines. The Sypro loading unit will represent an additional solution to those already offered by Marchesini Group and those still to be developed.
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text:
Chapelle du Meuse by thebrokenviewWatch
©2011-2016 thebrokenview
ancient beauty
Stunning. Breathtaking. Possible to purchase a print?
Wow, that places looks great, and so abandoned! I can't believe this is in Belgium, where i live!
Oh, there are many nice places in Belgium..
I am enamored of your work!
It's wonderful! ^) I couldn't find any words to tell my feelings!
toll, schöner Fund
Wow, so lovely to find in an abandoned state! Beautiful art nouveau organ type thing!
The desolation is palpaple
very small congregation
ausum again sir...fan*
It's really beautiful. !
Absolutely beautiful!
dommage que ça reste en ruine...
great shot mate!
Its amazing!
great shot mate!
Its amazing!
Beautiful, wonderful capture! <3
Very nice!
Gorgeous! Where in Belgium is this? (I lived there most of my life, but don't recognize the name...)


text:
Three Secrets (1950)
A plane crash kills the foster parents of a five year old child and he survives. Waiting for his rescue and information of his biological identity, are three different mothers who believe him to be their own.
Directed By: Robert Wise
Rated: Unrated
Running Time:
Release Date: October 16, 2012
Eleanor Parker
Susan Adele Connors Chase
Patricia Neal
Phyllis Horn
Ruth Roman
Ann Lawrence
Frank Lovejoy
Bob Duffy
Leif Erickson
Bill Chase
Ted de Corsia
Del Prince
Edmon Ryan
Larry Keating
Mark Harrison
Katherine Warren
Mrs. Connors
Arthur Franz
Paul Radin
Duncan Richardson
Rotten Tomatoes Critic Reviews
Dennis Schwartz
Ozus' World Movie Reviews
A well-constructed but poorly paced formulaic soap opera, that turns sentimental with its feel-good surprise ending.Full review…
More reviews for Three Secrets


text:
Areas of Law
- Criminal Law
- Family Law
- Estate Planning
- Personal Injury
Peer Rating
Overall Peer Rating4.4 out of 5.0
No feedback is available.The individuals that have reviewed this lawyer have not provided any additional feedback.
- Meets very high criteria of general ethical standards
Experience & CredentialsPositionU.S. Atty's. Off. E. Dist. of NCAdmission DetailsAdmitted in 1996, North CarolinaLaw School AttendedDePaul University
Class of 1996
J.D.University AttendedNorth Carolina State University
Class of 1991


text:
WWE Hiring New Lead Writer, Creative Stressed Out Going Into Tonight's RAW
by Amish Patel - June 03, 2013
– WWE is currently hiring for a new lead creative writer. This person would be responsible for building TV scripts and developing long-term storylines as well as character back stories for new talents. WWE is requiring that this person have experience in either reality TV, sitcoms or character-based nonfiction.
On a related note, apparently the WWE writing team is under major stress right now because of the feeling that there's a good chance this week's RAW rating won't be good. Things didn't get any better when they realized they were going up against game 7 of the NBA Eastern Conference Finals tonight.
Source: F4Wonline.com
The Hottest WWE news, photos and videos delivered to your inbox in one convenient newsletter. Sign up now and give it a try!


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Columbia Boys Pixel Grabber Wind Jacket - If the wind picks up or the rain starts to fall, you don't have to worry about your kids getting wet and uncomfortable. The Pixed Grabber wind jacket is the perfect jacket for outdoor activities.
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Retail Human Resources plc
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Take a look at our wide range of retail recruitment services by clicking on the links below. Here you will find detailed information on our recruitment methods and how these can benefit your organisation.
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text:
Pets of the Week crave new homes after ex-owners hit by hardships
Published: Friday, June 28, 2013 at 3:15 a.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, June 26, 2013 at 7:32 p.m.
This week's Pets of the Week from the Spartanburg Humane Society are Rose and Midnight.
Name: Rose
Age: About 1 year old
Sex: Female
Breed: Pit bull mix
Rose is a brindle pit bull terrier mix whose owners brought her to the Spartanburg Humane Society because they had too many animals in their home to care for.
When Rose arrived at the SHS back in April, she needed special medical attention and TLC from our staff and volunteers in order to make her healthy enough to find her forever home.
After a couple of rounds of antibiotics and special medicated baths from a volunteer, Rose is ready for her second chance at health and happiness in a loving forever home. Rose is described as an active dog who also enjoys cuddling in the laps of those she loves.
Rose enjoys playing fetch with a tennis ball and would be thrilled to find a home where she can go on plenty of walks. After exercising, Rose would like nothing better than to curl up on the sofa with you to watch a movie.
In her previous home, Rose lived with other dogs and children of all ages, and she was friendly toward all of them.
In general, pit bull terriers are large, active, and fun-loving companions who are said to have a "zest for life." They typically are very affectionate toward people and children, and they make great family pets. Socialization with other dogs at an early age is highly recommended, as they can be picky about their doggie friends, especially of the same gender.
Pit bull terriers do not fare well as outdoor pets. Their lack of body fat and short coat leaves them little insulation against cold weather, and they can quickly overheat in warmer temperatures.
If you're looking for an active, energetic companion who still loves to snuggle up on the couch at the end of the day, then this breed could be right for you!
Adoption fee: $85
Name: Midnight
Age: About 5 years old
Sex: Male
Breed: Domestic shorthair mix
Midnight is a cat whose owners no longer could afford to care for him, so they brought him to the SHS for a second chance at love and happiness with someone like you!
Midnight is an inquisitive cat who likes to investigate.
He loves people and will gladly greet you in exchange for a good old back rub.
Midnight also enjoys chasing his stuffed mice toys around!
Adoption fee: $49
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