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Posts tagged 'Sure-Cuts-A-Lot'
Sure Cuts A Lot ups its game
If you haven't taken a look at Sure Cuts A Lot lately, it might be time. There's especially good news if you are…
… a font lover
with Windows (as of v4.008 works in Windows and Mac)
…. a Brother Scan and Cut owner
…. a Pazzles Vue owner
…. or an iPad or Android tablet user
Craft Edge has released both Sure Cuts A Lot 4 ( $59.99 new or 19.99 upgrade for registered SCAL users) and the Sure Cuts A Lot app in recent weeks.
SCAL4 has lots of new features including easy alignment, a stencil tool and conical warp, but the best one, in my opinion, was not announced. You can now get to all the characters in fonts like Samantha and Cantoni (PUA encoded) from the SCAL4 font palette. This makes SCAL4 the very best option for diecutters looking to use these advanced fonts, since a click of the mouse brings each character onto your mat in proper proportion as editable type.
Unfortunately, for now this only works on the Windows version. (Please let email@example.com know you'd like the Mac version to support extended character sets, too.)
We were heard! Thanks for adding your voice and thanks, Craft Edge, for responding so quickly! Here's a video on this
Brother Scan and Cut owners will be happy to know that SCAL4 can export to Brother's native .fcm format!
While you can't cut directly from SCAL4 (or any other software including Brother's) to a SnC, you can design anything you like, or import an existing SVG, export it to a thumb drive and cut without going through their cumbersome Canvas web app. SCAL4 can cut directly to a large number of cutters including the Pazzles Vue. Actually so can the latest version of SCAL3, I'm just late figuring this out.
While you won't find Cricut Explore on this direct cut list, SCAL4 is a great companion to the Explore because it can export to SVG for vector upload into Design Space. In addition to designing from scratch, SCAL4 can import .ai, .eps and vector .pdf files and convert them to .svg. SCAL4's line fill effect is also helpful for creating write files with letters and shapes you want the pen to color in.
SCAL's tablet app (9.99 via Apple's App Store or Google Play) allows you to design for any cutter offline (away from the cutter and from the internet) and then transfer your designs to your computer to cut. If you also have SCAL4 desktop you can control it from the app to be able to cut from the tablet to supported cutters like the Cameo and Vue. Here's a first look at the SCAL app from Rob at Scrappy Dew.
Silhouette software comparison updated
It's been over a year since I visited the details of each software package available to drive a Silhouette cutter. There's still no clear winner for everyone, because so much depends on what you want to do, how much learning curve you are willing to endure and how much you want to spend, not to mention personal preference. I have made a radical update to my comparison chart to help you choose what's right for you among Silhouette's own software, Make the Cut or Sure Cuts a Lot. Funtime Pro is also an option now, but I've not had a copy to compare so the items on the chart in that column are provisional at best. Hoping for some input from Funtime users on this. I know many of you are like me, and already use more than one of these software packages. In that case, I hope this chart will help you find the best one for the task at hand.
In addition, I've added a detailed chart on file formats. Most of you can probably skip this, but if you are interested in being able to cut a particular file format (or a lot of them) then this may help you make a decision. This information may also be helpful to designers choosing which file formats to offer.
(Click each image to open/download the corresponding PDF)
Note: this chart was revised 3/24/13 to include new features in Make-the-Cut v4.6.0
Silhouette software options compared
With the popularity of the Cameo (and earlier SD model), and the introduction of premium software from Silhouette, there are lots of questions about which software is best. There's not an easy answer, because it depends on what you want to do, and how much you want to spend. I have prepared a comparison chart to help you choose what's right for you, Silhouette's own software, Make the Cut or Sure Cuts a Lot.
Update: For the latest comparison click here.
Cricut software comparison chart update
IMPORTANT UPDATE: As of March 14, 2011, MTC no longer supports Cricut.
With new official releases of SureCutsALot and MakeTheCut finalized in the last few days, I have been busy updating my comparison chart. So click below for the latest on who does what, current for SCAL 2.038 and MTC 3.2. By the way, both MTC and the comparison chart are celebrating their first anniversary this week.
Make stamp mats with SCAL -video
Don't have SureCutsALot yet? Get info/order here.
(To see how to do this in MTC, scroll to the bottom of this post.)
SCAL and MTC both get major updates
Craftedge released on update of SureCutsALot that brings Mac users up to parity with their Windows counterparts and also adds such features as text on a path, open path cutting and line styles.
Make the Cut also released version 2.2.0 which features a rebuild of the interface, layers capability the ability to cut to a number of other cutters besides the Cricut through a full color print function. This version of Make the Cut also features the long promised and somewhat controversial feature that allows owners of Cricut Design Studio to back up the images in the carts they own to SVG files.
My comparison chart has been updated. Get the PDF version here.


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Regis and Kelly...in 3D
Halloween is the one day of the year that spooks and frights aren't only tolerated, they're expected. And what better way to scare the bejesus out of people than putting Regis Philbin in living rooms across America?
On today's episode of Live With Regis and Kelly, the popular early-morning talk show, the hosts announced that the Halloween edition of the program will be presented in 3D, according to TVWeek.com. Walgreens will sponsor the episode.
In order to see the images pop off the screen, viewers will have to be wearing the well-known blue-and-red-lensed glasses. The glasses can be picked up for free from the photo department of a participating Walgreens drug store, or can be obtained through the mail (see the official Live With Regis and Kelly Web site for more details).
In this year's Halloween episode, Philbin and cohost Kelly Ripa are expected to change costumes several times and do some antics for the audience watching in 3D, such as "spraying water or throwing knives and spears toward the camera."
"Halloween is a time when you want to thrill the audience, and I think we're planning on things that will be thrilling," Live executive producer Michael Gellman said.
- Comments (15)
RayNavedo Feb 09, 2009
If Kelly is velvet Regis is suede or suave.
Willy105 Oct 17, 2007
Amazing idea!
Why can't more shows do this?
LAURAMARIE63 Oct 16, 2007
Thank you - no.
nk47 Oct 15, 2007
I always assumed humans were three dimensional, guess I was wrong, lawls.
PuR Oct 13, 2007
Not intrest at all.
Canuck703 Oct 13, 2007
But Canada dose not have Wallgreen's so i guess we're out of luck
triogirl Oct 13, 2007
I love Regis.
redthor Oct 13, 2007
People who plan on watching that day should keep aspirin on hand, because these glasses are likely to give you a headache.
IndianaMom Oct 11, 2007
This has Gelman written all over it. :)
mammalazz Oct 11, 2007
i think it is cool I always watch their halloween episode and this makes it better
See More Comments (5)

subset: commoncrawl


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The Mirror of Erised by tasiamsWatch
©2014-2016 tasiams
I always wanted to draw this scene because it is so sad,but I was all out of creativity so I just ended up redoing the original piece in my version
Original: www.animationconnection.com/vi…
Original: www.animationconnection.com/vi…
Ugh god, the feels!
I cried at that part.
I cried at that part.
Your style and coloring look like they were taken right off of a children's book, I love it! I do think it may look a teensy bit weird that Lily and James are bodiless, perhaps it would look complete if you added that, but even so, it looks gorgeous, great job! Also I agree with below, the detail of Harry smiling in the mirror is exquisit.
I love HP and the drawings is really wonderful......u learning really good U got a nice talent
The FEELS! It was a nice touch to have the Harry in the mirror grinning impishly.
Nice work
awww, i so remember that scene T_T
It is so sad
I absolutely love the style this was drawn in


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We are all almost done.
Stuck between a rock and a hard place. Expecting my little ray of sunshine in March!
Crazy thinking that we are All gonna have our little girls and guys next month or maybe even this month and be MOMS....seems so unreal still
I'm really savoring these last few weeks of pregnancy though. It's the closest we will ever be to our babies. I've had a very easy pregnancy, so I've kind of loved the whole experience and am going to miss it - especially all of those kicks and wiggles from inside. Can't wait to see our LO though!
MT412 I am right there with you. I am calm about everything and I have been since the beginning. I come from a family (my mom definitely) who is very paranoid about everything. I know if I take on that trait I could possibly put LO in distress and I don't want that. I'm going in with an open mind. I know anything is possible and as long as LO arrives healthy I am good for anything that needs to be done. I'm hoping on a natural birth and as long as I keep my sugar levels in check I will be able to do it, otherwise LO may be too big to fit through the canal. I have my fingers crossed that things will turn out how I want them too but I'm not worried if they don't.
I too am going to miss his movements. It's so easy carrying them around and feeding them when they are with us everywhere we go.
I am excited to be able to hold him and kiss him. Can't wait to hear that first cry either.
So excited, less than 5 weeks! I kinda hope she decides to come a little early, I would be fine with a baby this month
@ Marisa, I, too, am afraid of going into labor at my shower. It is a few weeks before my due date.
I'm due at the end of March, so it could easily still be a full 2 months till my boy gets here. Still exciting though! I can't wait to starting reading all you early marcher's birth stories. I'm a birth story junkie.
Married Aug 7, 2011 Me: 34 DH: 45
MC Twin angels Feb 2012 at 10 weeks.
Our Rainbow is here! Phoenix Sky was born March 22, 2013


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Written by William Lee
New York was completely overwhelmed by the return of Russell Westbrook to Oklahoma City.
Written by William Lee
New York was completely overwhelmed by the return of Russell Westbrook to Oklahoma City.
|The Knicks almost went 2 weeks without a win. After a quick start where Denver hit 237 open 3's they remembered they totally suck and ended up getting blown out. Things aren't very good right now but I'll try and find a few positives in this weeks rankings.
|Last weeks Rank
|Anthony, Carmelo
|Melo had an insane week and I'm now convinced that the Knicks would be completely incapable of winning any games should Melo go down.
|Smith, J.R.
|JR played really well during an early Sunday game. This may never happen ever again so I'm rewarding him with the #2 spot this week. Kudos for not being hungover on a Sunday morning!
|Dalembert, Samuel
|Dalembert was the 3rd best player on the Knicks this week. In related news the Knicks are 3-9.
|Acy, Quincy
|Acy did a good job of not being terrible this week. I'd still rather see him come in off the bench but Fisher needs a few more years of data to figure out Melo is better at the 4.
|Larkin, Shane
|I'd love to see our point guard get some assists. I mean he got some, but more than 2 would be nice. Did Calderon die? Where is this guy? Continue reading
Written by William Lee
Written by William Lee
The New York Knicks continued to thrive in the role of spoiler Tuesday night, defeating the Brooklyn nights 109-98. Brooklyn was trying to clinch their fifth seed in the Eastern Conference Playoffs, deploying their full roster on the Knicks, while New York was without their star player Carmelo Anthony after an MRI revealed a small labrum tear. New York shared the ball well without Anthony in the lineup, six players scored double figures in the victory.
With nothing to play for but pride, and what little bragging rights for New York there is…the Knicks came out to a strong start, connecting on their first three three-point attempts to get an early 9-5 lead. New York without their leading scorer, Amare Stoudemire stepped into the role, and could not be stopped, attacking the paint with frequency. Stoudemire had a strong first quarter, getting to the free throw line at will, scoring seven points in the quarter, he ended up finishing the game with 14 points. The Knicks would go on an 8-0 run to finish the first quarter with Tim Hardaway Jr. nailing two threes, and a Shannon Brown layup. The run gave New York a 29-18 lead going into the second quarter.
The second quarter, and the first half in general was a parade to the free throw line for the New York Knicks. The Knicks eclipse their season average in free throw attempts by the first half, whom are the league worst in attempts at 20.1 free throws per game, attempting 25 free throws. This didn't mean there wasn't any highlight plays though, in fact there was a sequence of highlight plays, starting with a "Man Jam" from Stoudemire, Continue reading
|The Knicks beat Brooklyn last week, getting our hopes up just enough so that the losses to the Wizards and Heat hurt as much as possible. This is the 2nd to last rankings of the year and last one before the Knicks are officially eliminated. For those still paying attention the Knicks need to go 4-0 and the Hawks need to go 2-4. Possible but not bloody likely.
|Last weeks Rank
|Smith, J.R.
|Against Miami JR made a franchise record 10 3's and took and all time NBA record 22 attempts as well as an NBA record 14 attempts in a half. He has also hit an NBA record 24 3's in 3 games while shooting efficiently. My one complaint during all this is the end of the Miami game where JR though he was invincible and took 26 foot fadaway 3's with LeBron in his face.
|Stoudemire, Amar'e
|For the first time since joining the Knicks it looks like Amare will be fully healthy for the playoffs…..
|Anthony, Carmelo
|Melo is injured, his arm is numb and as a result he can't shoot. A normal coach would sit him for a few games so he heals and comes back 100%. In the Knicks world he plays 40 minutes and Melo takes 17. I bumped him down a little because of the 17 shots, not because of the injury. He could have played a facilitator role.
|Shumpert, Iman
|His offense hasn't really been there but his defense has looked really good. Woodson might not appreciate defense but I do.
|Chandler, Tyson
|Great call not selling high on Chandler. I really look forward to albatross Tyson next season. Still playing OK, but all signs point to a huge regression next season.
|Prigioni, Pablo
|He played a few decent games before getting shredded by Miami. Still, he does basketball things like passing the ball, which is a nice and rare commodity on this team.
|Felton, Raymond
|It didn't happen this week, but maybe next week we can see Felton lead the team in assists. That would be a cool thing for our starting PG to do. Still, props for not letting an opposing guard have a career high for two straight weeks!
|Hardaway Jr., Tim
|It would be really cool if multiple Knicks played well in the same game. On the same night JR went off from 3 point land THJ went 0-7 with a +/- of -26. Ick.
|Aldrich, Cole
|And now we get to the 6 players who don't play for reasons only Woodson knows. I'll rank these guys in order of how I think they would have done if they did play. Cole would have gotten a lot of rebounds and played decent defense.
|Murry, Toure'
|Hopefully Jackson is aware of the things Murry does on the non-offensive side of the court aka playing defense because Woodson sure doesn't.
|Shannon Brown
|Brown got 2 steals in 6 minutes this week. That's 12 steals per 36 minutes! Sign this guy to an extension!
|Jeremy Tyler
|Did Tyler really regress or did Woodson forget he was on the team? Both are just as likely to have happened.
|Martin, Kenyon
|Keep getting dem checks.
|Bargnani, Andrea
|I'm not even mad at Bargs anymore, but I will be all over again once I find out who Toronto drafts with the Knicks picks. Guaranteed to be an all star.
Written by William Lee
Utah Jazz losing streak is extended to five games, fall to the New York Knicks Friday night 108-81.
New York again led wire to wire for a second consecutive game, scoring 39 points in the first quarter. The 39 points was the most points scored in any individual quarter by New York in any quarter this season.
Since Amare Stoudemire has been inserted into the starting lineup three games ago, the Knicks have been a +42 in first quarters. Stoudemire has been extremely impressive looking, even on defense!
Stoudemire with 9:05 remaining in the first quarter blocked a Derrick Favors layup attempt, igniting a fast break, leading to a J.R. Smith three. Smith was on fire from distance Friday night, knocking down five three-pointers, finishing the game with 17 points. Amare Stoudemire looked lively, running the floor on the fast break, drawing a foul with 7:14 left in the first quarter, he would convert on both free throws increasing New York's lead to 16-8. On the very next Knicks' possession, Stoudemire would Continue reading
|Five games since the last rankings, four of them losses. There are also only 13 players to rank after the Knicks bought out Mett and Udrih this week. Will it be 12 next week? Felton has been arrested on 3 felony gun charges. The PG rotation is looking pretty thin right now. I wonder what Beno is up to?
|Last weeks Rank
|Anthony, Carmelo
|If Melo is going down he's going to go down in a blaze of glory. This week was arguably the best stretch of basketball in his entire career. He scored over 40 points while taking less than 30 shots 3 times this week. To play that efficiently and still lose 4 out of 5 has to be giving him second thoughts about staying in NY after this season.
|Chandler, Tyson
|I hate to give the #2 spot to a guy who looks like he's only half interested in playing but who else is even remotely deserving of this spot? Chandler did have a 23 rebound game this week. Of course it was a loss but still.
|Prigioni, Pablo
|It looks like the bar is once again being set at not having a terrible game. Priggy hasn't played great but everyone below him has played worse. The 2013-14 Knicks everyone!
|Murry, Toure'
|Murry gets this spot because no one who played this past week deserves this spot. Also, I have a feeling Murry will be getting a good amount of run this coming week, unless Woodson decides to play JR at the point, which isn't out of the realm of possibility.
|Jeremy Tyler
|Tyler didn't have a geat week. It looks like some of his teammates terrible defensive habits are rubbing off on him. He's also seen him minutes drop to below 10 a game because Woodson likes to play his starters over 40 minutes per game. What could go wrong with that strategy? Continue reading
|Seriously, is this the same team I wrote about last week? Four games, four blowout losses. The closest game was a 10 point loss to the Pacers. There were also Knick Effects in 3 out of 4 of these games (highest or 2nd highest scoring game of the season for an opposing player). This might be my hardest week to rank yet as pretty much the entire roster has played way below expectations. Lets give this a try:
|Last weeks Rank
|Chandler, Tyson
|Tyson still does not look like himself but he had a decent week. He even got involved on offense in a couple of games. You know what kind of week it's been when having a fairly decent couple of games gets you the #1 spot. Bonus for calling out Woodson on his defensive scheme.
|Anthony, Carmelo
|Melo has done a great job at getting to the line and is still rebounding at a good clip, even having a 20 rebound game. Shooting 4-23 though….I'd like to see less iso and hero ball and more distribution, but considering pretty much the whole roster has been shooting poorly I can see where the lack of confidence in teammates is coming from.
|Udrih, Beno
|Why is Beno this high? Because he was smart enough to reqest a trade. That kind of intelligent thinking is worthy of a high spot.
|Jeremy Tyler
|Jeremy Tyler went 3-4, 2-3 and 3-3 in consecutive games. Shooting numbers the likes of which the rest of the roster couldn't achieve even in the wettest of dreams.
|Stoudemire, Amar'e
|Amare had a good game before rolling an ankle that will keep him out 2-3 weeks. At least it wasn't his knee.
|Continue reading


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reply to post by Upyerheart
Hmmm...these lights recently seen over Denver seem very similar.
At around 9 pm on the 23rd, orange lights, about 10 of them had been seen floating around in the Naha sky; multiple reports of sightings were received at this newspaper. Experts said, "That the lights were not considered to astronomical phenomena." According to one witness, most of the lights appeared in the sky near Naha Port in the town of Naha Tondo; they repeatedly move up and down left and right, about 15 minutes later they were all gone. . . . According to the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, they don't have any information on the mystery lights. "Self-Defense Forces' aircraft did not fly at that time"; all training flights took place before 19:20 the same day.


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Definition of born and bred in English:
By birth and upbringing, especially when considered a typical product of a place: he was a born and bred product of the Bronx
More example sentences
- 'A lot of it is what I remember from my youth,' said David, who was born and bred in Cowling.
- Tom is London born and bred, which is clear from his sound, his voice, but it isn't London-y in an overbearing way either, which is nice.
- But it could demonstrate a twisted streak in him that he would not want to play for the country both he and his parents were born and bred in.
Definition of born and bred in:
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Man Hospitalized with Minor Injuries in Madison County I-10 Crash
Updated: 04/28/2015 - Florida Highway Patrol says a Jacksonville man was hospitalized after a crash on I-10 in Madison County.
Updated: 04/28/2015 - Florida Highway Patrol says a Jacksonville man was hospitalized after a crash on I-10 in Madison County.
Updated: 04/24/2015 - Tallahassee police say that one person was killed in a fatal accident on Miccosukee Road near Tallahassee Memorial Healthcare Friday morning.
Updated: 04/22/2015 - A pedestrian was taken to the hospital after being struck by a vehicle on N. Monroe Street and Calloway Road Wednesday evening.
Updated: 04/21/2015 - Eastbound Lanes of I-10 are now open after being closed nearly 8 hours following an accident involving three semi-trucks and another pick up truck early Tuesday morning.
Updated: 04/20/2015 - Florida Highway Patrol says that a woman was hospitalized when she crashed after falling asleep at the wheel on I-10 Sunday night.
Updated: 04/18/2015 - TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (WCTV) -- A two vehicle crash occurred this morning at the entrance to Tallahassee Regional Airport.
Posted: 04/17/2015 - Temporary delays will occur on State Road 57/U.S. 19 near Martin Road in Jefferson County, Monday, April 20 through Friday, April 24.
Posted: 04/17/2015 - A temporary lane closure will occur in the westbound inside lane of Interstate 10 at the Ochlockonee River Bridge to allow for delivery of materials.
Updated: 04/13/2015 - Beginning Monday, April 13, West Pensacola Street will be closed between Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and Bronough Street while contractors complete water and sewer improvements.
Posted: 04/10/2015 - Roadwork in Lowndes County will force lane closures on Interstate 75 next week.
Updated: 04/08/2015 - An overturned truck transporting vehicles is causing delays on Capital Circle Northeast at I-10 near the flyover.
Updated: 04/06/2015 - Florida Highway Patrol says that a Monticello woman was hospitalized after claiming that lights and a "creature" guided her off of the roadway.
Updated: 04/03/2015 - One man is in the hospital after a two car accident on I-75 in Valdosta.
Posted: 04/03/2015 - Beginning Monday, April 6, the intersection of Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and West Pensacola Street will be closed while contractors complete water and sewer improvements.
Posted: 04/03/2015 - Construction activities will begin Monday, April 6 on a right-turn lane on Capital Circle NW between Tower Road and Corwin Drive in Tallahassee. Drivers will encounter temporary lane restrictions and minor traffic shifts.
Updated: 04/02/2015 - For one day only, the majority of Clerks of Court throughout Florida will open on Saturday, April 18, to accept overdue traffic tickets as well as criminal fines and fees, without charging the collection agency fees of up to 40 percent.
Updated: 04/02/2015 - Florida Highway Patorl is on the scene of a vehicle crash that's blocking part of U.S. Highway 27 in Taylor County.
Posted: 03/27/2015 - All westbound traffic on I-10 at Exit 262 in Madison County is scheduled to be diverted off the interstate onto the ramps to allow repairs to the overpass beginning Tuesday, March 31.
Posted: 03/26/2015 - Based on the results of a recent speed study, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) will decrease the speed limit on State Road 10 (U.S. 90) from Barineau Road to Poplar Road in Tallahassee.
Posted: 03/26/2015 - A three car crash caused slight delays on Thomasville Road this morning but everyone involved escaped injury.
Updated: 03/25/2015 - According to Talquin Electric, all customers have had power restored after a crash this afternoon on North Monroe left thousands without power.
Updated: 03/25/2015 - A plan to adjust Florida's red light camera law is moving forward. A House subcommittee approved the bill Tuesday.
Updated: 03/23/2015 - Tallahassee police say a crash has closed North Monroe Street Monday morning, creating headaches for Monday morning commuters.
Posted: 03/20/2015 - One person is dead and a second is seriously injured after an accident this morning in Perry.
Updated: 03/20/2015 - Tallahassee police will be ramping up traffic enforcement in specific areas throughout town in response to traffic crash data analysis.


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Visit Our Repair Page
Maintenance, repairing and conversion are always performed as primary work since establishment of Çeksan Shipyard and today, these activities are continuing with total satisfaction. For more information visit our Repair, Maintenance and Conversion Page
First National Scientific Research Vessel is Launched
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Çeksan Signed for Two Live Fish Carrier Hulls.
A new contract is signed to building two live fish carrier hulls for Aas Mek. Main particulars of the hulls is 69,86m x 12m x 5,9m. The hulls will be built with the hull number NB51 and NB52.
First hull will be delivered on september 2013 and second one on december 2013.
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Aydıntepe Mah. Tersaneler Cad. Billur Sok. No:9 34947


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HN-DMS006 Hyloft
HyLoft 18 in. Wall ShelfItem # HN-DMS006
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Via degli Strozzi 4, 50123 Firenze, Florence.Show on map
Expert Rating
Perfect for those who want a stylish perch in the heart of the city, and care little for luxe hotel frills like spas or restaurants
Rooms are warm and stylish, and very much in keeping with the Florentine setting
With kitchenettes in every room and unobtrusive staff presence this is as much a residence as a hotel
The handsome austerity of the original space is warmed by relaxed, clubby furnishings
Served around a large communal table, breakfast is not exactly extensive, but if you like the continental style, it delivers
Travel writer Lee Marshall moved to Italy in 1984. Currently based in Umbria, a couple of miles from the Tuscan border, he spends many of his weekends exploring the byways, vineyards, trattorias and historic hilltowns of a region where landscape and culture go hand in hand.
Who goes?
Opened at the beginning of 2009, the hotel has not quite found its core guest yet: business travellers attracted by the central position, the DIY caffeine and the free Wi-Fi, and clued-in design-conscious tourists – including family groups – are its main clientele so far.
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Piazza Repubblica is right outside the door, and the Duomo and the chi-chi shopping street of Via Tornabuoni are both a minute's walk away.
In the courtyard atrium – three storeys high, and topped by a skylight – the handsome austerity of the original space is warmed by relaxed, clubby furnishings. But it's in the rooms – really the point of Palazzo Vecchietti – where designer Michele Bonan's classic-modern design sense is most persuasively expressed.
Reception is a small office off the courtyard-lobby. The guys who run it have a smooth edge to them, but turn out to be helpful and well-informed. We were less impressed by the turn-down service.
Warm and stylish, and very much in keeping with the Florentine setting (not just because of their Tuscan artist names), the doubles, suites and apartments are done out in a bachelor-esque contemporary classic idiom, with lots of framed life studies on the walls. Check the detailed room descriptions on the website before you book, as some rooms (like Brunelleschi) have uninspiring back views (they're the ones where they don't mention the view).
Food and drink
Served in a third-floor room around a large communal table, breakfast is not exactly extensive, but if you like the continental style – fruit, croissants, toast, marmalade, cappuccino – it delivers. All rooms have tea and coffee making facilities, and well-stocked minibars.
Value for money
Rack rates are on the high side, but Internet rates are substantially lower, even from spring to summer. There's plenty of room for phone or email bargaining too. Doubles from €249 (£187).
Access for guests with disabilities?
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Address Via degli Strozzi 4, 50123 Firenze, Florence.
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Can anyone recommend 27" cross tires? Right now I'm looking at the Tioga Bloodhound and the Kenda Krosscyclo.
I want something that will take dirt well, but won't completely suck on pavement. I'm open to other suggestions, too. Of course, you can't have both; I'm looking for a good compromise. Thanks!


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Getting your work published by a major organization like Penguin isn't simple. The amount of publications being marketed is slowly to the drop while the number of writers seeking book increases every year. Continue reading
Just how to Write an Expository Composition
–> This declaration identifies the fact nearly every human-resource program demands some sort of information that is gleaned from job investigation: selection, efficiency appraisal, teaching and growth, work evaluation, job planning, work upgrade. Continue reading
Just how to Produce a Research Query for Research Reports
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For faculty wrestling, September and June are the center of the off season. Except training modifications, not a great deal happens while in the summer, for. Nonetheless, in middle-2014, there have been relatively important decisions influencing NCAA sports. One engaged a federal judge judgment on what is recognized as the OBannon case in which a national judge ruled the stop school basketball and baseball participants from promoting the privileges for their labels and similarities once their collegiate jobs are over. Continue reading


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availability and contact availability of kin available kin cerned Child Health Children Parents In-laws cial CONTACT Scott contact with available contact with kin contact with siblings Contacts and Resources currently unmarried data dren elderly Employed Not Employed groups of older Health and Human Health Limitation Human Development Institute of Child kin categories kin contact kin networks Kin Once kin resources least monthly contact less level of contact Limitation No Limitation Lives with Relatives living in households Married Not Married married women mature women MATURE WOMEN'S KIN National Institute non-limited non-white women not-employed women number older women Once a Month parents and inlaws Parents In-laws Siblings Percent in Contact percent of married POPULATION RESEARCH CENTER RAND Corporation RAND NOTE RAND research RAND's rela respondents Shanas share a household Siblings Any kin social resources Social Support spondent Table tact tively types of relatives White Nonwhite white women women age WOMEN'S KIN AVAILABILITY


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Lightweight aluminum baffle helps your powder measure throw consistent, uniform charges even when low on powder. Fits Lyman No. 55 powder measures or any powder measure with a 2" diameter reservoir tube. Same part that comes with all No. 55 measures.
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Michael Shannon
Interview: Michelle Monaghan Talks 'Machine Gun Preacher,' Her Journalism Background, and Shane Black's Cleverness
- By Jack Giroux
- @JackGi
- September 29, 2011
Marc Forster's Machine Gun Preacher is a humanistic picture. Despite the atrocities conveyed in the film and the fact that the story focuses on an actual anti-hero, the director managed to end on a hopeful note. Some call it dopey, I say humanist. Even with the upbeat nature of the...
Interview: Marc Forster Talks Finding Magic, 'Machine Gun Preacher', and Taking an Objective View
- By Jack Giroux
- @JackGi
- September 25, 2011
No one can ever criticize Marc Forster for covering the same ground. Thematically, all his work ties together, but rarely does he play with a certain genre more than once. Over the past ten years he's made a James Bond picture, a meta drama, an adaption, a 90 minute nightmare, and a...
Enjoy the Bicycle Parkour of the 'Premium Rush' Trailer
- By Scott Beggs
- @scottmbeggs
- September 16, 2011
In Premium Rush, Joseph Gordon-Levitt plays a bike messenger that picks up a dangerous package that has him chased all over New York City. The result is a bit like Torque without the engine crashing into Enemy of the State. At least that's what the trailer makes it feel like....
Michael Shannon Confirms Details About His 'Man of Steel' Zod Costume
- By Nathan Adams
- @templeofreviews
- September 7, 2011
A couple weeks ago a spy photo from the set of Zack Snyder's Man of Steel made the Internet rounds. It contained what appeared to be Michael Shannon wearing what appeared to be a motion capture suit. If that was the case, then that would mean General Zod, the Evil...
Trailer for 'Machine Gun Preacher' Doesn't Pack Any Punch
- By Kate Erbland
- @katerbland
- August 19, 2011
Machine Gun Preacher! It's not just fun to say! It's a movie, too! Marc Forster's latest (the one before the World War Zadaptation fans everywhere are already bemoaning) focuses on a true-life story that comes oh-so-conveniently pre-packaged with a catchily-nicknamed protagonist. The film stars Gerard Butler as that supposed "machine gun...
Michael Shannon Gives Insight Into General Zod Casting, How Ridiculous Being an Actor Is
- By Nathan Adams
- @templeofreviews
- April 12, 2011
Michael Shannon recently spoke to an audience at the RiverRun International Film Festival, and since he was just cast as General Zod in the now officially titled Zack Snyder Superman movie Man of Steel, talk of course turned to that. What sort of a rigorous casting procedure did Shannon go...
Kneel Before Michael Shannon, For He is Zod
- By Neil Miller
- @rejects
- April 10, 2011
If you're anything like me, you've long been a fan of Crazy Michael Shannon. This person bares a striking resemblance to Actor Michael Shannon, but one can only assume that they are two different people. When Actor Shannon slips into one of his many wonderfully insane roles, he becomes a...
Movie News After Dark: Community, The Dark Knight Rises, Superman, Dorothy of Oz and Tony Montana
- By Neil Miller
- @rejects
- March 25, 2011
What is Movie News After Dark? It's holding out for a hero 'til the morning light. He's gotta be sure, it's gotta be soon, and he's gotta be larger than life. We lead tonight with images from this evening's episode of Community, which took a jaunt into Pulp Fiction territory...
James Franco's 'As I Lay Dying' Assembles Cast, Is Still a Crazy Idea
- By Nathan Adams
- @templeofreviews
- January 26, 2011
James Franco is talking this week about the casting of his upcoming adaptation of the William Faulkner novel As I Lay Dying. Paul Dano appears to be involved, and Franco mentions that he wants Michael Shannon, Joaquin Phoenix, and Richard Jenkins to sign on as well; but who is on...
Kevin Carr's Weekly Report Card: April 9, 2010
- By Kevin Carr
- @kevincarr
- April 9, 2010
This week, Fat Guy Kevin Carr woos the FSR audience on a Date Night before giving a grade to the high school rockers in The Runaways...
It's a light week for movies here in the Magical Studio in the Sky. That doesn't stop the Fat Guys from being The Runaways and having a sweet Date Night....
SXSW Review: The Runaways
- By Landon Palmer
- @landonspeak
- March 18, 2010
The Runaways has plenty of components working against it. It's an independent film that stars Kristen Stewart, who since her work in Twilight has been dismissed by many of us who avoid that series like the plague as a textbook example of the overexposed and the undertalented. ...
Sundance Review: The Runaways
- By Neil Miller
- @rejects
- January 26, 2010
Here's something interesting that I learned tonight, following the Sundance press screening of The Runaways. Pedophilia is being sexually attracted to a pre-adolescent. However, there is a word for being attracted to 15-year old Dakota Fanning......
Creepy Time: Werner Herzog's My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done Trailer
- By Neil Miller
- @rejects
- August 18, 2009
Inspired by a true story, this film follows a man who travels to Peru and comes back and begins to experience mystifying events. Events that lead him to slay his own mother with a sword....
Will Arnett and Michael Shannon to Ride with 'Jonah Hex'
- By Neil Miller
- @rejects
- April 1, 2009
The Hollywood trades are reporting today that comedic journeyman Will Arnet and Oscar nominated creepy guy Michael Shannon have signed on to join Jonah Hex, the Jimmy Hayward directed comic adaptation about a scarred bounty hunter tracking a voodoo practitioner across the wild, wild west....
Sundance Reviews: Shrink, The Missing Person, Bronson
- By Neil Miller
- @rejects
- January 27, 2009
In this edition of 'Neil's Lazy Sundance Capsule Reviews,' we take a look at a Hollywood insider comedy, a neo-noir detective story and a wild ride through the mind of Britain's most famous (and dangerous) prisoners of all-time......
FSR's Weekly Report Card for 01.23.09
- By Kevin Carr
- @kevincarr
- January 23, 2009
Kevin Carr struggles with reviews of the movies the studios allowed him to see: Inkheart, Last Chance Harvey and Revolutionary Road....


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$1.2 million going to AmeriCorps in Vt
MONTPELIER Vermont has received nearly $1.2 million in AmeriCorps funding from the Corporation for National and Community Service, Gov. Peter Shumlin announced Wednesday. The grants will go to 110 AmeriCorps members across the state who serve more than 75 organizations.
AmeriCorps members will work on issues that affect veterans and military families, the environment and low-income Vermonters, including affordable housing and early childhood education, the governors office said.
Of the total funding, $600,000 will go to SerVermont, the governor-appointed state service commission, which will then issue grants to nonprofit organizations and public agencies statewide.
CNCS also is making nearly $600,000 in Segal AmeriCorps Education Awards for AmeriCorps members, and after completing their service members receive an annual award of $5,645 they can use for college or to pay college loans.
The Washington County Youth Services Bureau/Boys and Girls Club is among the groups receiving grants.MORE IN This Just In
NEWPORT — An unidentified caller made a threat to the Department of Children and... Full Story
RANDOLPH CENTER — A Midwest farmer with an innovative approach to managing his dairy... Full Story
SHARON — The Vermont Public Service Department recently announced the completion of an... Full Story
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An attractive female on a bicycle. from the French word for bike "velo" and from the slang "hottie"
Wow, did you see that velottie?
by Skine1 October 30, 2008
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AMC Wants You Caught Up ...
Like any television station looking to draw in as many viewers as possible, AMC has provided several ways to catch up on all things "Breaking Bad" on the shows official website. These ways include Midnight Badness Late-Night Encores, aka the station showing reruns late at night, a full series recap in text form, as well as other ways to watch episodes. Of course, you can also catch the show on-demand using Netflix, which just made all episodes available, including the first eight of season 5.
... But They Aren't Giving You Much on the Final Season
As much as AMC may want you to tune in, they are clearly hesitant to give many details of the final season (or technically, the second half of season 5). Case in point, the promo posters like the one above and teasers for the end are quite minimal in terms of anything remotely being a spoiler. Heck, even this screencap from the show's first episode back tells us virtually nothing. However, the most recent trailer titled "Ozymandias" may give us a little glimpse into Walt's mindset going into the final episodes.
Prepare to Over-Analyze
Taking a cue from their other extremely popular series, "The Walking Dead," AMC plans to air an hour-long, post-episode discussion series called "Talking Bad" after each episode of the final eight. It will also be hosted by Chris Hardwick. However, unlike "Talking Dead," the "Breaking Bad" counterpart series will air an hour later than each episode, as they plan to air "Low Winter Sun," a new crime drama, immediately after "Breaking Bad."
Go Ahead and Get Attached to Saul
Just don't think he is any more or less likely to wind up dead when all is said and done with "Breaking Bad." While series creator Vince Gilligan is currently mulling over concepts of a Saul Goodman spinoff with fellow writer and creator Peter Gould, they are still unsure whether the series would be a straight-up spinoff of the series, or a prequel to it. No deals have been made yet, either, so while this final half of season 5 will certainly bring about the conclusion of the story, everyone's favorite slimy lawyer may live on beyond the end. (Related: More "Breaking Bad" Spinoffs)
Vince Gilligan Had No Clue What He Got Us Into
Sure, now he does, since the premiere is days away, but last summer was a completely different story. Remember the flash forward at the beginning of season 5? At the time, Gilligan didn't even have a clue where that story was going, or even how it got to that point. As for the ending and whether or not he had a set plan from the get-go, according to an interview with Vulture back in January, "It's just, I can't see my way clear to do that because the characters in 'Breaking Bad' are in a state of constant change by design." In other words, if the creator was unsure of where things would turn up himself, surely the ending will be a shocker for the ages. And fortunately, Gilligan has stated that he is "satisfied by the ending," as well.
Mike Wants Walt Dead
Okay, technically we are referring to actor Jonathan Banks, who portrayed Mike Ehrmantraut from season 2 until the seventh episode of the first half of season 5, when he was killed by none other than Walter White himself. During a recent interview with Zap2It, prior to his 2013 Saturn Awards win for Best Supporting Actor in a TV Series, Banks was asked whether he thought Walter White should die in the finale. His answer: "One would hope. He's become the really bad guy." And Banks played Gus Fring's right-hand man, for crying out loud.
Bryan Cranston Will Direct the First of the Last
While everyone knows that Bryan Cranston is a phenomenal actor, he's actually made quite a name for himself as a director over the past ten years, with such credits to his name as multiple episodes of "Malcolm in the Middle," and other famous sitcoms such as "Modern Family" and "The Office." He directed the first episodes of both seasons 2 and 3 of "Breaking Bad," and directed the first of the final eight, entitled "Blood Money." You know, the one that airs on August 11th we're all waiting for.
The Show Will Go On ... If You Speak Spanish
Don't get us wrong, "Breaking Bad" will come to a definitive end, but "Metástasis," the recently announced Univision remake of the series, will only have just begun. Spanish-language actor Diego Trujillo is set to play the title character, this time named Walter Blanco, while Roberto Urbina will portray Jose Miguel Rosas, otherwise known as Jesse Pinkman. Of course, the success of such a venture is still up in the air.
You'll "Sh*t Your Pants"
That is, according to Aaron Paul. The actor has been quoted as saying of the final eight episodes, "You guys are going to sh*t your pants. [...] Before I read the final eight episodes - the final eight hours of the show - I was thinking to myself that this was so tragic. I can't believe this show is ending. I didn't want it to end but, after knowing how the final eight hours play out, I couldn't be happier with the ending" (ScreenRant). Coming from one of the main actors on the series, that means a lot. Here's hoping it lives up to the hype.
Bryan Cranston and Aaron Paul Heart 'Breaking Bad'
We have to say, for two guys who already play the main characters of the hit drama, Bryan Cranston and Aaron Paul sure can't seem to stop themselves from geeking out over it. In fact, Cranston took a lucky contest winner for the ride of their life to the recent premiere party and also got a "Breaking Bad" tattoo, while Paul plans on hosting a screening of the finale for the cast and crew of the series at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery when it airs later this year. No word yet on if and when any more screenings will be held to the public, but keep a close eye on his Twitter for more details. Best of all, proceeds for both will go to noble causes. Gotta love these guys.


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Pronunciation: /sanˈdɑːweɪ/
Definition of Sandawe in English:
1 (plural same or Sandawes) A member of an indigenous people of Tanzania.
Example sentences
- They were called to Tanzania, Africa to work with an unreached people group, the Sandawes.
2 [mass noun] The Khoisan language of the Sandawe.
Example sentences
- The language of the Sandawe people is very different from their neighbours', as Sandawe is classified as a Khoisan, or click language.
adjectiveBack to top
Relating to the Sandawe or their language.
Example sentences
- The herding and tilling of the immigrant peoples, with their metal implements and weapons, upset the Sandawe way of life and sources of food.
Definition of Sandawe in:
- US English dictionary
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A road trip on New Year's Eve goes awry when Niles accidentally falls asleep in the wrong recreational vehicle.
Frasier plans a big Christmas blowout, while Daphne comes to grips with some surprising information; Niles' new relationship hits a snag.
Frasier goes overboard when he writes a theme song for his show.
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Sylvanas Windrunner by OdyrahWatch
©2010-2016 Odyrah
Is amazing!!!
Wow, stunning looks! I love it
looooooove this!
is there a higher definition version? Real love it!
is there a higher definition version? Real love it!
Thank you! No, this is the size that it actually is. I have a larger version, some what in my gallery of her that is baseless, basically a small painting though.
Ypu know this is still one of my favorites.. i love Sylvanas sooo much <333
WOW! This is pixel art, right?
I've never seen before such excellent work! This is so smooth and detailed, i just dropped my jaw to the floor.
I've never seen before such excellent work! This is so smooth and detailed, i just dropped my jaw to the floor.
Lol, thank you! But this isn't complete pixel work. It's tool shading on the doll. But thank you!
best doll ive ever seen
Wow. Just, wow. The eyes, the detail, the flow of the cloak and the shading... it's all brilliant!
Wow... so many details. Really love this.
Fabulous !!
somewhere between extremely cute and terrifying.
Great job on the details of the outfit and wonderfully smooth shading as always! Love it!
cute...very nice
So cute!
ohhh! Pritty!!!
yay dolls by ody!!!! 8D i love when you doll so much! this came out so niice all of it, her outfit, her weapons her gloing eyes! you never cease to amaze me!
haha that's an awesome sylvanas
For The Dark Lady, For the Forsaken!!!
and maybe the Horde if its in our interest
and maybe the Horde if its in our interest
Windruner of Dota!
Damn, that is some amazing pixeling.
Epic. Just epic.
How CUTE! >___________<o
Love it!
Love it!
absolutely brilliant!
cute love sylvanas~
Awesome likeness. HA! I just turned in a quest to her yesterday too!
Wow! That really looks like her! :'D Beautiful work!
Good work on the character.
I looove your Sylvanas! Totally epic <3 All the armor really looks fantastic! Now I wish I hadn't claimed Alexz cuz I wanna see your make on her xD
woah, if this was pixled then u did a great job! its so smooth!
Holy christ that is amazing. o_o And really, really, really good of her too.
o_o *bows to your skills!*
o_o *bows to your skills!*


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Louisiana Hotel Close to Shreveport Municipal Airport Louisiana's third largest city, Shreveport, sits near the borders of Texas and Arkansas. With the Shreveport Municipal Airport (SHV) located a mile from our door, you will find that getting to and from our Shreveport hotel is easy. Many of Shreveport's major businesses and tourist attractions are just a few miles away. Within six miles of our Shreveport accommodations are General Motors and the Frymaster Corporation. Locally owned and operated out of Shreveport, Frymaster has become a nationwide supplier of deep fryers. Cellxion's corporate headquarters are just 15 minutes away. Shreveport features a wealth of nightlife and entertainment. Our Shreveport hotel is within 10 miles of several casinos, including Boomtown Casino and Sam's Town Casino . Harrah's Louisiana Downs and Racetrack Casino are a little farther away from the hotel. Shreveport also features attractions for the entire family, including the Louisiana Boardwalk. Just seven miles from our hotel in Shreveport, this outdoor area features music, dining and shopping. Independence Stadium, home of the Independence Bowl, is also only minutes away. Our Shreveport hotel offers a variety of amenities including an outdoor pool, Fitness and Business Centers, free high-speed Internet access and a free hot breakfast bar. Stay Smart with us and see what our hotel in beautiful Shreveport, Louisiana has to offer you.
The staff was super friendly. The rooms were nice and clean. The continental breakfast was great because there was a large variety of foods to chose from. I wish I could have packed the bed in my luggage and brought it back home with me..comfy!!
I loved everything!
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
The location was convenient to the freeway and businesses.
The room was dirty, smelled stake. In the bathroom, the sink smelled like someone had permed their hair, every time I turned the water on. The bathroom had black looking stuff in the bathroom. Asked for the room to be cleaned, and fresh towels, didn't get
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
We stayed 2/13 and 2/14.. the woman that worked in the kitchen preparing and sticking breakfast was very rude. In our bathroom, there were wash clothes, hanging on the shower rod, from the previous occupant.
It was quiet, clean and staff was nice.
We arrived after dark and the road you take to get there is dark, foreboding & a bit scary, especially when you don't know the area.
The buffet breakfast was really nice and hot.
No happy hour cocktails. Many hotels are doing this now.
The pillow
not really what i thought it would be like
Great breakfast in the morning! Very accommodating staff.
This hotel's staff was wonderful. The room was clean and spacious.
The only thing I founded terrible was the the noise from the interstaate.
The hotel was a bit difficult to find and far away from anything. Other than that, we had a wonderful stay.
Stayed here on a business trip. Would stay again when in the area.
the building appeared new and if not the enthusiasm of the staff from the manager on down made the atmosphere pleasant and secure feeling. There was attention to detail, the lobby was clean and orderly, the elevator was clean and the room very neat and clean. I will be returning to Shreveport and intend to make this Holiday Inn Express my first stop.
I travel for work on a weekly basis, so needless to say, I've stayed in lots of hotels within the past year. This hotel was extremely clean and very nice. It was as if I was staying in a much more upscale, expensive place. Also, it is located in a very low traffic area, which is great if you have pets. Great deal!


text:
I would appreciate any help.
I would appreciate any help.
What plugins are active?
Ahhh.... because your posts have "code" tags around them apparently.
Get Firefox, and the Aardvark extension for it. That helps you see what's happening where.
okay that's weird.
thanks for the help guys. So I wonder if it's a plugin issue. I'll start deactivating them one by one.
Textile or something similar...
Yep, it was textile. Thanks fo the quick response!
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Managing Mobility in Beyond-3G Environments M.S. Bargh, H. Zandbelt and A. Peddemors Telematica Instituut, P.O. Box 589, 7500AN Enschede, the Netherlands, Phone numbers: +31 53 4850 {443, 445, 421} {bargh, zandbelt, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. Beyond 3G (B3G) environments typically consist of multi-homed terminals and wireless overlay networks. This paper presents a categorization of IP-level mobility management solutions for B3G environments. Closely observing the mobility requirements of a wide range of possible applications, the paper also motivates the consideration of a new mobility management approach in B3G environments, whereby location management (i.e., reaching mobile end-users at the IP-level for session invitations) is decoupled from handover management (i.e., switching ongoing sessions, collectively or individually, to another access network whenever appropriate). For example, one can use cellular GPRS/UMTS networks for location management and Wi-Fi or cellular networks for handover management. The paper elaborates upon the merits of such so-called context-aware mobility solutions, which are attained from an optimum use of the mobility management features embedded in the underlying infrastructure. 1 Introduction B3G environments are typically characterized as environments that integrate different wireless and fixed access network technologies, using sophisticated terminals with multiple network interfaces. B3G environments provide mobile end-users with direct Internet access and end-to-end IP connectivity to (third party) services over such heterogeneous networks. Enabling the communication of mobile users via different networks leads to localization and connectivity issues that are addressed by the so-called Mobility Management system functionality. Until recently, telephony and Internet communities had pursued Mobility Management research separately in response to the need of making telephone and Internet services mobile. Providing end-to-end IP connectivity over heterogeneous networks, which has resulted in adopting the so-called All-IP network architecture, has brought telephony and Internet communities together. A key challenge here is how the Mobility Management solutions of the telephony and Internet communities can be converged, integrated and at the same time exploited to their maximum potentials to deal with user and terminal mobility, i.e., movement of users between and with terminals, respectively. This paper investigates the problem of IP-level Mobility Management in B3G environments. In addition to standalone IP mobility protocols, e.g., [3][4][13][21] [15], many composite mobility solutions have recently been introduced that use a
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M.S. Bargh, H. Zandbelt and A. Peddemors combination of different mobility protocols to cope with the diversity of application requirements, e.g., [2][4][6][7][8][9]. We believe that, in addition to taking into account the requirements of applications, a Mobility Management solution for B3G environments should consider the available mobility enabling features embedded in the constituent networks, and accordingly make use of these features to their full extent. Despite the fact that most efforts have been made so far to come up with link-layer independent Mobility Management mechanisms, we believe ignoring these mobility features brings inefficiency and redundancy to IP-mobility solutions. This paper addresses the issue of Mobility Management in B3G environments at conceptual and state-of-the-art levels. Specifically, the paper elaborates on: (1) a state-of-the-art categorization of different Mobility Management solutions applicable for B3G environments and (2) the motivations for context-aware Mobility Management solutions that exploit the mobility features embedded in B3G environments. Such a context-aware Mobility Management solution, e.g., in the context of Wi-Fi and cellular GPRS/UMTS networks, can benefit from the always-on feature, the wide-area reach and the efficient paging mechanism of cellular networks for reaching mobile end-users. This may obsolete the necessity of introducing any paging feature at the IP layer, as required in existing Mobility Management solutions. The rest of this paper first lays down the problem context and provides some prerequisite information for a self-contained presentation of the topic in Section 2. Section 3 discusses the related work. Section 4 describes our vision and motivations for a new Mobility Management approach. Finally, Section 5 briefly discusses our conclusions and future work. 2 Problem description To elucidate the problem context, this section describes a typical B3G-environment and the relevant mobility types, and formulates the functionality of Mobility Management in such environments. 2.1 Beyond 3G environments The term B3G in network technology generally refers to a conceptual framework to address future needs of heterogeneous wireless networks that will interoperate seamlessly with wire-line backbone networks. Since there are no standards under development, a precise and unique definition of B3G cannot be given at this moment. This section, therefore, presents a definition of B3G as adopted throughout this paper. A B3G environment consists of B3G networks, including Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) such as GPRS and UMTS cellular networks, and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) such as Wi-Fi, HiperLAN/2 and HomeRF networks; next generation terminals; and services provisioned across these heterogeneous networks and terminals. Motivated by the current trend of Wi-Fi and GPRS/UMTS integration, we consider GPRS/UMTS and Wi-Fi as two indispensable types of
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Managing Mobility in Beyond-3G Environments future wireless overlay networks. Compared to Wi-Fi, GPRS/UMTS provides a lower bandwidth per unit area connection over a larger geographic area. Next generation terminals will have, in addition to a run-time environment for applications, multiple network interfaces that enable end-users to access the Internet via different access networks. This situation is referred to as "end-host multi-homing" [18][19] (or "multi-homing" in short). Motivations for using devices with multiple active network interfaces are: having smoother hand-offs, offering better QoS (due to accessing multiple networks), exploiting access networks with link asymmetry (e.g., satellite systems), reducing cost, and improving privacy and security [7]. We are moving towards an era where "always-on" multi-homed devices will provide communication anywhere, anytime and with any kind of service, by being reachable (simultaneously) through several topological paths. Mobile end-users can also use a multi-homed terminal as a personal device for identifying themselves or being reachable by other users. Mobile users may occasionally transfer some of their (running) service sessions from their personal devices to a nearby device with better and more suitable capabilities and features. 2.2 Mobility types in B3G environments Mobility patterns of end-users in B3G environments are technically realized in systems supporting user mobility and terminal mobility, both of which deal with and realize service mobility and session mobility. We consider a session as the instantiation of a service. Terminal mobility is defined as the ability of a terminal, while perhaps in motion, to access services from different points of attachment to the access networks, to maintain ongoing service sessions, and the capability of the system to identify and locate that terminal. User mobility is similarly defined as the ability of an end-user to access services, to maintain ongoing service sessions at any terminal on the basis of a personal identifier, and the capability of the whole system to provide those services in accordance with the user's profile. Note that unlike us some authors don't include "maintaining of ongoing sessions" in their definition of user mobility, e.g. see [20]. User mobility involves the system capability to locate the terminal associated with the end-user for the purposes of addressing, routing, and charging of the end-user. 2.3 Mobility Management functionality Similarly to [1], we define Mobility Management in B3G environments as a functional component that firstly keeps track of the IP-addresses of mobile end-users, and secondly modifies the IP routes of the ongoing sessions of mobile end-users. Additionally, our definition of Mobility Management includes the function of detecting mobility and selecting a new access network. Location Management keeps track of (or discovers) the current attachment point(s) of a mobile end-user, thus enabling other end-users to initiate new sessions towards the mobile end-user. Generally, IP mobility solutions dynamically keep the IP address(es) of the mobile end-user in a registrar, generally referred to as Location
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M.S. Bargh, H. Zandbelt and A. Peddemors Registrar, which binds between the identification of the mobile end-user and her/his current IP address(es). Every other session initiator is aware of the location of or knows how to reach the Location Registrar, based on the mobile end-user's identification (that, in turn, depends on the mechanism used). The session initiator contacts the Location Registrar that either returns the current IP address of the mobile end-user to the initiator or forwards the session initiation request towards the mobile end-user's current IP address. Location Management encompasses the following sub-functions: Address Update (to dynamically maintain mobile end-users' IP addresses), Session Invitation Handling (to associate a suitable IP address of the mobile end-user, i.e., the called party, with the invitation), and Paging (to find the exact location of a mobile end-user). Handover Management maintains an mobile end-user's ongoing session(s) as her/his corresponding IP-address(es) changes (change). The sessions of a mobile end-user can be handed over collectively or separately. Handover Management encompasses two sub-functions: Session Route Regeneration (to find and reserve the resources for the new session path) and Data Flow Control (to maintain the delivery of the data from the old session path to the new session path, in accordance with the session requirements). Network Access deals with mobility detection, access network selection and new IP address acquisition, thus enabling a mobile end-user's terminal to send and receive IP traffic (i.e., to have IP connectivity) within an Intranet and/or the Internet. Network Access sub-functions are: Access Network Detection, Access Network Selection, and Terminal Interface Configuration. Note that Network Access sub-functions are prerequisite functions to the Location Management and Handover Management. 3 Related work Many solutions have been proposed to address the issue user and terminal mobility. These solutions have evolved with the developments in the areas of applications and infrastructures, as well as with the extensions in the scope of mobility. This section provides an overview of some Mobility Management solutions/protocols grouped into flat, hierarchical, application-dependent categories. This presentation emphasizes the dimensions along the evolutional path of Mobility Management solutions to cope with their deployment context. By positioning another category at the end of the section, which reflects our main vision in this paper, a new dimension along the evolutional path of Mobility Management solutions is recognized. 3.1 Flat and hierarchical Mobility Management Mobile IP [3][13] and the SIP based mobility support [4] are two examples of flat structured mobility solutions, operating at the network and application layer, respectively. While Mobile IP supports terminal mobility, SIP also provides a solution for user mobility. Flat structured mobility mechanisms suffer from high latency and large global signaling load. Therefore, hierarchical IP-based protocols are proposed to alleviate the problem by grouping IP subnets into mobility domains and minimize the
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Managing Mobility in Beyond-3G Environments scope (and latency) of most updates by localizing them within the domain [2] [10] [14]. By managing local route and address changes within the domain, nodes outside the domain are not aware of these changes. Cellular IP [21], HAWAII [22], Mobile IP Regional Registration (MIP-RR) mechanism [15] [16] and Dynamic Mobility Agent (DMA) architecture [2] are examples of hierarchical Mobility Management solutions for IP-based networks. Hierarchal Mobility Management solutions allow paging functionality that enables a mobile terminal to save power by not performing IP-address configuration and binding updates when the terminal is in an idle mode and moves inside the domain lowest in the hierarchy, see for example [2]. 3.2 Application dependent mobility management To meet the requirements of applications and to deal with harsh networking environments, application-dependent Mobility Management solutions are proposed. This section reviews some of such Mobility Management approaches in more detail, relative to those presented in Subsection 3.1. In the context of Mobile IP, authors of [7] and [9] introduced two Mobility Management mechanisms for multi-homed devices to make use of active network interfaces simultaneously or sequentially, based on a trade-off among coverage, performance and price. The first mechanism supports opting multiple packet delivery methods, for example, choosing whether to use regular IP (for short-lived connections such as Web browsing) or Mobile IP (for long-lived connection-oriented traffic or for traffic initiated by correspondent hosts such as ftp file transfer). When using Mobile IP, the mobile host can further choose between regular Mobile IP and Mobile IP with bi-directional tunneling. The second mechanism proposed in [7] addresses the ability of using different interfaces in a terminal based on the types of the traffic flows (even if all flows are for communicating with the same host). For the second mechanism Mobile IP is extended to allow a mobile terminal to have multiple active Care-of-Addresses (CoAs) simultaneously and to update these flow CoAs in a so-called Flow-to-Interface binding table at the Home Agent. The Flow-to-Interface binding associates a particular flow with a given CoA for the mobile host. The Home Agent sends all packets of a flow destined to the mobile host to the appropriate CoA. In this way Mobile IP becomes application aware. When introducing SIP mobility support for personal and terminal mobility, the authors of [4] suggested to use Mobile IP for long-lived TCP connections, e.g., telnet, ftp, irc, etc., and SIP for other (real-time) connections. The IST project EVOLUTE uses a domain-based approach to support transparent Internet mobility in All-IP networks. According to the EVOLUTE project, Cellular IP is used for micro-mobility to support fast handoff and paging within an administrative domain [6]. For inter-domain mobility Mobile IP and SIP are used complementarily to each other [6], where domain edge routers separate traffic from/to a mobile host based on traffic type. More specifically, real-time traffic uses SIP signaling and non-real-time traffic uses Mobile IP. The authors in [2] considered similar application-centric approaches for choosing appropriate IP-mobility protocols, believing that no single approach to IP mobility applies across different applications. Approach of [2] uses DMA [2] protocol to manage intra-domain mobility and it uses SIP and Mobile IPv4/6 for
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M.S. Bargh, H. Zandbelt and A. Peddemors global binding mechanisms in VoIP and in mobile server scenarios, respectively. As another example, an application dependent Mobility Management architecture is proposed in [8] for survivable military networks, where a derivative protocol of Cellular IP and HAWAII is used for intra-domain mobility. For inter-domain mobility, instead, SIP for real-time applications (i.e., RTP/UDP traffic) and Mobile IP with Location Registrar [17] for non-real-time applications (i.e., TCP/IP traffic) are proposed. 3.3 Towards Context-Aware Mobility Management Taking into account the topological characteristics of network nodes and the requirements of applications, as done in the above-mentioned solutions, can be regarded as steps towards context-awareness in Mobility Management. As another step in the same direction, we propose here to exploit the Mobility Management features of the underlying access networks. Thus, the term context-aware used in this paper accommodates two properties of being application-centric and infrastructure-aware for a Mobility Management solution. The approach mentioned here is against most efforts made so far to come up with link-layer independent Mobility Management mechanisms operating at or above the network-layer. A Mobility Management mechanism is link-layer dependent if it is designed only for a particular access network type. Such link-layer independency for Mobility Management is beneficial if a (multi-interface) mobile terminal switches sequentially in time between its network interfaces. In this paper we focus on multi-homed terminals that are in control of using appropriate inter-domain mobility mechanisms based on their running applications. In multi-homed terminals, where multiple network interfaces are active simultaneously, a totally layer 2 independent Mobility Management means overlooking the versatile mobility features of, for example, GPRS/UMTS networks. Ignoring the link-layer mobility features of GPRS/UMTS and the extent of its countrywide coverage on the one hand has brought complications to the existing IP-mobility solutions, e.g., by re-introducing paging features in their architectures, and on the other hand has introduced redundancy in the whole system, e.g., by doing similar things in the link-layer and in the layers above. 4 Context-aware mobility management As the main contribution of this paper, this section motivates considering context-aware Mobility Management solutions in B3G environments. 4.1 Motivations The concept of context-aware Mobility Management proposed in this paper relies on two characteristics of B3G environments, explained in the following paragraphs.
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Managing Mobility in Beyond-3G Environments Application Requirements. Here we investigate the requirements of applications running on a multi-homed terminal of a mobile end-user with respect to Location Management and Handover Management functions. The figure below categorizes applications according to the following criteria: − Whether the mobile end-user should be reachable for a session via the IP network − Whether the mobile end-user's IP-address changes during a session. These criteria determine whether Location Management and Handover Management are needed for these applications, respectively. As the figure suggests, many applications don't basically require both Location Management and Handover Management. Those applications that need both of these functions can be classified in two groups according to whether the separation of Location Management and Handover Management is feasible or not. These two groups of applications are encapsulated in grayed boxes in the figure. By separation we mean to allow location bindings for maintaining reachability and those for maintaining ongoing sessions to follow separate courses. Note that these bindings concern the Address Update and Session Route Regeneration sub-functions mentioned in Subsection 2.3, respectively. the mobile end-user need not be reachable the mobile end-user should be reachable (Location Management) an IP-address change does not occur in mid-sessions video/audio streaming Web browsing (short lived TCP sessions) VoIP & multimedia conferencing FTP client (long-lived TCP sessions) mobile server IP-address change occurs in mid-sessions (Handover Mgnt.) Fig. 1. A categorization of applications/services from the mobility management viewpoint Applications like mobile servers do not allow any attempt to decouple Location Management and Handover Management due to inflicting scalability problems. Relying on mechanisms like Mobile IP, Location Update in these applications actually realizes also the regeneration of all sessions and thereby obsoletes the necessity of sending location bindings to all correspondent hosts, i.e., to the clients of the mobile server. Applications that require a mobile end-user's terminal to act as a mobile server are less likely to occur in B3G environments. We envision that terminals acting as servers will be static and most-probably be connected to the Internet backbone via wired access networks. From the arguments presented here we can conclude that separation of Location Management and Handover Management is possible for applications capable of running on mobile end-users' multi-homed terminals. Interesting to know is the fact that session handover for such applications can be coped with at the application level independently of the address at which the Mobile end-user's terminal is reachable.
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M.S. Bargh, H. Zandbelt and A. Peddemors Below IP-layer Mobility Management of UMTS. Although this section investigates the below-IP layer mobility features of UMTS, comparable features exist for GPRS networks and other 3G evolution branches (e.g., 3GPP2). Three levels of mobility can be distinguished in the architecture of UMTS [11] (based on the UMTS reference architecture outlined in 3GPP TS 23.002): − Access mobility: to ensure undisrupted communication as a mobile node changes its point of attachment to the network, i.e., changes the access points, within the scope of a single Radio Network Controller (RNC), − Macro-mobility: to allow undisrupted communication when the change of the access points occurs out of the scope of a given Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), via which a mobile node communicates with the Internet. − Micro-mobility: to support intermediate mobility scenarios whereby the access point change occurs out of the scope of a RNC but within the scope of a GGSN. In the UMTS reference model mentioned above, the GGSN plays an Access Router role with DHCP capabilities, i.e., it is a globally IP-reachable node within the core network of UMTS. There are new proposals for the UMTS network architecture, where this globally IP-reachable node is shifted towards the edge nodes of UMTS (i.e., towards the RNCs). For example, in 3GPP TR 23.922 an integrated GSN (IGSN) is introduced, which combines the functions of the SGSN and GGSN, and directly communicates with the RNC. In another proposal [11], a 3G-Access Router (3G-AR) is introduced by collocating the IGSN with RNC. In these scenarios of UMTS evolution, GGSN, IGSN and 3G-AR serve as the globally IP- reachable nodes from the outside Internet world. This implies that the scope of the below IP-layer mobility support in UMTS corresponds to the scope of the GGSN, IGSN or 3G-AR serving the mobile node, respectively. Considering these scenarios, we conclude that below IP-layer mobility support of UMTS covers a large geographical area (at least the scope of an RNC, which corresponds to a few UMTS cells). Within this area no IP-layer mobility support is needed such as CoA acquisition, IP address update at a Location Registrar, etc. Another important property of mobility support features in UMTS is its link-layer location update and paging procedures, designed to reduce the net costs of location update and paging. These costs are associated with signaling overhead (consuming bandwidth) and mobile device power. The scope of the link-layer paging in UMTS, which corresponds to at least a number of UMTS cells (depending on the state of the mobile device), covers large spatial areas as compared to the paging areas in the schemes applied to WLANs. 4.2 Rationale for context-aware Mobility Management As foreseen in composite Mobility Management schemes of Subsection 3.2, different mobility protocols can be used on the basis of the requirements of the applications running on the terminal. As another dimension of application dependency, one may
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Managing Mobility in Beyond-3G Environments take into account the requirements of applications for Location Management and Handover Management, as outlined before. Such an observation leads us to propose an infrastructure-aware mobility management for multi-homed terminals, whereby IP level Location Management is realized only via the UMTS (in general, WWAN) interface and Handover Management via both Wi-Fi (in general WLAN) and UMTS interfaces. After locating a mobile end-user with the help of Location Management function, the Handover Management function maintains a session via the UMTS interface or another appropriate Wi-Fi interface on the basis of application requirements, user preferences, availability of the Wi-Fi network, etc. When the session falls into an idle phase, a handover can be triggered to the UMTS interface in order to make use of its inherit link-layer standby features. Such IP-level handover that depends on the state of the session can be based on a state diagram similar to that used for link layer paging/location-updates in current 2-3G networks, see for example [11]and [12]. The here proposed state diagram determines the interface through which the IP traffic of the session should flow. Although such decoupling of Location Management and Handover Management is the opposite of the way that has been done in the existing mobility support protocols, the proposed context-aware Mobility Management approach has the following advantages in the context of B3G environments: − Globally reaching the MEUs by relying on the UMTS for Location Management (the globe is promoted as the scope of the UMTS), − Power saving at the mobile terminal by relying on the sophisticated and efficient paging and location-update procedures of UMTS, − No need for provisioning any paging feature at the IP level by relying on the link layer paging of UMTS, − Lower network load by eliminating and reducing IP level location updates within the large area of UMTS's below IP layer coverage, − Utilizing the best access network for on going sessions. The main assumptions that we have made here is that every mobile end-user operates a personal device with multiple network interfaces, i.e., a multi-homed terminal, among which are WWAN and WLAN interfaces. Via its WWAN interface the mobile end-user is (always) reachable for other end-users. The proposed Location Management assumes that the WWAN interface of the terminals is always ready to receive invitations for new sessions. This assumption is in accordance with the advocated always-on feature of 2.5/3G networks. The proposed approach also relies on the assumption that the UMTS infrastructure provides IP addresses that are globally routable, which may not be the case in currently available UMTS trials. A detailed description of such context-ware Mobility Management architecture and its implementation is out of our scope in this paper and will appear in a subsequent publication shortly.
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M.S. Bargh, H. Zandbelt and A. Peddemors 5 Conclusions and future work The key benefit of an IP-based mobility solution is its independence of the underlying link and physical layers. In this contribution we proposed to consider an IP-based Mobility Management strategy for B3G environments that keeps track of the IP-address(es) of an mobile end-user via the WWAN interface of a multi-homed terminal and changes the IP-routes of the mobile end-user's ongoing sessions to other WLAN/WWAN interfaces whenever a session handover is possible and necessary. This approach, derived from observing the requirements of different applications, makes optimal use of the features embedded in the existing technologies. For example, in this way the paging feature and the wide coverage property of WWAN networks are fully explored in locating mobile end-users. Moreover, it provides an IP-based Mobility Management without unnecessarily complicating the existing IP mobility protocols with any paging capability or similar enhancements. For this idea to work, the coupling between Location Management and Handover Management as exists in traditional IP Mobility Management solutions and protocols should be loosened. Currently we have designed and implemented our Mobility Management strategy in a distributed testbed, using SIP and Mobile IP solutions. The Mobility Management system mainly relies on the intelligence in a multi-homed terminal for choosing the appropriate network interface. The detailed overview of our activities will appear in a separate paper shortly. 6 Acknowledgement The work described in this paper is part of the 4GPLUS project [5], which is supported in part by the Dutch Freeband Impulse Programme on Telecommunication Applications (www.freeband.nl) and is co-funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs References [1] Akyildiz, I.F., McNair, J., Ho, J.S.M., Uzunalioğlu, H., Wang, W.: Mobility Management in Current and Future Communication Networks. IEEE Network Magazine, (Aug. 1998). [2] Misra, A., Das, S., Agrawal P: Application-Centric Analysis of IP-based Mobility Management Techniques", Journal of Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Wiley Inter-science, Volume 1, Issue 3 (Aug. 2001), ISSN: 1530-8677. [3] IETF RFC 3344: IP Mobility Support for IPv4 (obsoletes RFC 3220 and RFC 2002). Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3344.txt (Aug. 2002). [4] Wedlund, E., Schulzrinne, H.: Mobility Support Using SIP. In: proceedings of 2nd ACM/IEEE International Conference (WoWMoM'99), Seattle, USA (Aug. 1999). [5] 4GPLUS (4th Generation Platform Launching Ubiquitous Services) project. Web site: http://4gplus.freeband.nl. [6] Theofilatos, D., Dagiuklas, T., Gatzounas, D.: Mobility Management Schemes for Supporting Multimedia Services in All-IP Network Infrastructures. In: the proceedings of on Wireless and Mobile Multimedia
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Managing Mobility in Beyond-3G Environments the 5th European Personal Mobile Communications Conference (EPMCC), Glasgow, Scotland (2003). [7] Zhao, X., Castelluccia, C., Baker, M.: Flexible Network Support for Mobility. In: Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'98), Dallas, Texas (Oct. 1998). [8] Dutta, A., Jain, R., Wong, K.D., Burns, J., Young K., Schulzrinne, H.: Multilayered Mobility Management for Survivable Network. In: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001), McLean, VA, USA (Oct. 2001). [9] Zhao, X., Castelluccia, C., Baker, M.: Flexible Network Support for Mobile Hosts. In: MONET Special Issue on Management of Mobility in Distributed Systems (Jan. 2001). [10] Pagtzis, T., Williams, C., Kirstein, P., Perkins, C., Yegin, A.: Requirements for Localized IP Mobility Management. In: Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Louisiana, New Orleans, USA (Mar. 2003). [11] Chiussi, F.M., Khotimsky, D.A., Krishnan, S.: Mobility Management in Third Generation All-IP Networks. In: IEEE Communications Magazine (Sept. 2002). [12] Lin, Y.-B., Haung, Y.-R., Chen, Y.-K., Chlamtac, I.: Mobility Management: from GPRS to UMTS. In: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Volume 1, Issue 4 (2001) 339-359. [13] Johnson, D., Perkins, C., Arkko, J.: Mobility Support in IPv6. IETF Internet draft, work in progress, <draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-24.txt>, (Jun. 2003). [14] Kwon, T.T., Gerla, M., Das, S., Das, S.: Mobility Management for VoIP: Mobile IP vs. SIP. In: IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 5 (Oct. 2002) 66-75. [15] Gustafesson, E., Jonsson, A., Perkins, C.: Mobile IP Regional Registration. IETF Internet draft, work in progress, <draft-ietf-mobileip-regtunnel-06.txt>, (Mar. 2002). [16] Xie, J., Akyildiz, I.F.: A Novel Distributed Dynamic Location Management Scheme for Minimizing Signaling Costs in Mobile IP. In IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, volume 1, No. 3 (Jul.-Sept.2002) 163-175. [17] Jain, R., Raleigh, T., Graff, C., Bereschinsky, M.: Mobile Internet Access and QoS Gurantees Using Mobile IP and RSVP with Location Registers. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Atlanta, GA, (Jun. 1998). [18] Nikander, P., Ylitalo, J., Wall, J.: Integrating Security, Mobility and Multi-Homing in a HIP Way. In: Proceedings of Network and Distributed Systems Security Symposium (NDSS), San Diego, CA (Feb. 2003) 87-99. [19] Ylitalo, J., Jokela, P., Wall, J., Nikander, P.: End-point Identifiers in Secure Multi-Homed Mobility. In: Proceedings of OPODIS'02, Reims, France (Dec. 2002) 17-28. [20] Schulzrinne, H.: Internet Telephony –challenges and open issues. IETF Internet draft, work in progress, <draft-schulzrinne-iptel-challenges-00.ps> (Jun. 2002). [21] Valko, A.G.: Cellular IP: a New Approach to Internet Host Mobility. In: ACM Computer Communication Review (Jan. 1999). [22] Ramjee, R., La Porta, T., Thuel, S., Varadhan, K.: HAWAII: A Domain-Based Approach for Supporting Mobility in Wide-Area Wireless Networks. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Networking Protocols (ICNP), (1999).