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Publications (16)57.91 Total impact
Article: Intrathecal Substance P-Saporin in the Dog Distribution, Safety, and Spinal Neurokinin-1 Receptor Ablation[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Neurokinin-1 receptors (NK1-rs) located on superficial dorsal horn neurons are essential for integration of nociceptive input. Intrathecal injection of substance-p saporin (SP-SAP) leads to local loss of spinal NK1-r (+) neurons suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for chronic pain. The authors determined, in a canine model, effects of lumbar intrathecal SP-SAP. Distribution of SP-SAP and Saporin was determined in plasma, lumbar cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue. Safety of intrathecal SP-SAP was determined in four groups (six dogs each) administered 0 (0.9% saline), 1.5, 15, or 150 µg SP-SAP through lumbar intrathecal catheters. Behavioral, physiologic, and biochemical variables were assessed. Spinal tissues were collected at 7 and approximately 90 days, or earlier if significant morbidity developed, and analyzed for NK1-r (+) neuron loss and histopathology. SP-SAP and Saporin were detectable in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid for up to 4 and 24 h, respectively. Animals receiving intrathecal saline, 1.5, or 15 µg of SP-SAP showed no persistent neurologic deficits. Three animals receiving 150 µg of SP-SAP developed pelvic limb paraparesis and were euthanized prematurely. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization cell counts confirmed a significant reduction in NK1-r (+) in superficial dorsal horn neurons from lumbar spinal cord after intrathecal administration of 15 and 150 µg of SP-SAP. A significant loss of NK1-r neurons in the lumbar ventral horn occurred only with 150-µg SP-SAP. Intrathecal 15-µg SP-SAP reduced dorsal, but not ventral, NK1-r (+) neurons at the spinal level of delivery with minimal side effects, whereas 150-µg SP-SAP resulted in motor neuron toxicity.
Article: Toxicology Profile of N-Methyl-d-aspartate Antagonists Delivered by Intrathecal Infusion in the Canine Model[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Intrathecal N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists have antihyperalgesic efficacy. The authors examined toxicity in a canine model of chronic lumbar intrathecal infusion. Dogs (10-16 kg) were prepared with lumbar intrathecal catheters connected to vest-mounted pumps (100 microl/h). In phase 1, stepwise incrementations in infusion concentration were performed at 48- to 72-h intervals to determine an infusion dose with minimal but detectable behavioral effects. In phase 2, the dose/concentration defined in phase 1 was infused for 28 days. Behavioral function during infusion and histopathology at sacrifice was assessed. Drugs examined were 2-amino-5-phosphono-valorate (AP5), MK801, memantine, amitriptyline, S-methadone, and saline. In the phase 1 dose ranging, the minimum effect doses for the several agents were as follows: AP5, 1 mg/day; amitriptyline, 1 mg/day; ketamine, 10 mg/day; MK801, 1 mg/day; and memantine, 4 mg/day. In phase 2, infusion of these doses typically resulted in mild hind limb weakness by 3-5 days after initiation of infusion, which progressed over the 28-day infusion interval. In a limited number of animals, a similar effect was observed with S-methadone. Histopathologically, vehicle-infused animals displayed a minor local catheter reaction. With the drug treatments, a gradient of increasing pathology from cervical to lumbar segments was noted. Pathology ranged from local demyelination to necrotizing lesions of spinal parenchyma near the catheter tip. All drugs given at their respective doses produced pathology scores significantly worse than saline controls. These drugs given for 28 days at acutely tolerable doses lead to spinal pathology. These data suggest a reevaluation of the use of these agents in chronic spinal delivery.
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ABSTRACT: Acute nociceptive models which have been validated for large animal species are limited, yet nociceptive assessment in non-rodent species is important in analgesic drug development where larger animals may be necessary because of the technical requirements of the study. Here we report development and validation of a canine hind paw thermal escape model and the effect of analgesics on withdrawal latencies. Individual focused projection bulbs were used as left and right voltage-adjusted thermal stimuli placed below a glass plate in a specifically designed canine holding apparatus. After acclimation, dogs were lightly restrained in a fabric sling while standing on the glass plate. The anterior center of the metatarsal pad of the left and right hind paw was positioned on the glass over each light, and duration of stimulation tolerance timed. For every trial, the escape latency from lamp actuation to paw withdrawal was recorded twice for each hind paw. The mean population baseline withdrawal latency of 9.3+/-1.7s (mean+/-S.D., n=12 dogs) was shown to be repeatable between paws, within and between individual animals, and between test days. This latency corresponded to a glass surface temperature of 49.5 degrees C. A cut-off time of 20s (corresponding to a glass surface temperature of 56.5 degrees C) was set to prevent tissue damage. Intravenous administration (mg/kg) of morphine (1.0), hydromorphone (0.2), butorphanol (0.4), fentanyl (0.01), and dexmedetomidine (0.01) significantly (p<0.05) increased withdrawal latency from baseline within 15-30 min of administration while buprenorphine (0.03) produced a delayed, modest but significant latency increase. Rank order of opioid analgesic duration was morphine=hydromorphone>butorphanol>bupenorphine>fentanyl=saline. A dose-effect curve for hydromorphone was generated and corresponded to previously described dose-effect relationships in other species. The non-analgesic tranquilizer acepromazine (0.1mg/kg) produced mild sedation, but no significant increase in latency from that of saline. The model yielded a clear distinction between analgesia and sedation for all agents tested. These studies provide validation of a canine thermal escape model and have demonstrated the efficacy of clinically relevant doses of analgesics in elevating escape latencies. This model will facilitate quantification of the effects of parenterally and neuraxially administered analgesics in dogs.
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ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to assess spinal safety of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor ketorolac in dogs and rats. Beagle dogs were prepared with lumbar intrathecal catheters and received continuous spinal infusions of 5 mg/ml ketorolac (N = 6), 0.5 mg/ml ketorolac (N = 8), or saline vehicle (N = 6) at 50 microl/h (1.2 ml/day) for 28 days. No systematic drug or dose-related changes were observed in motor function, heart rate, or blood pressure. Histological examination revealed a mild pericatheter reaction in all groups with no drug or dose related effect upon spinal pathology at the lumbar site of highest drug concentration. Cisternal CSF protein was elevated for all treatment groups at necropsy, and cisternal glucose was within normal range for all treatment groups, though three dogs displayed decreases in cisternal glucose. Significant reductions in hematocrit were noted, and increased incidence of gastric bleeding at necropsy was observed in animals receiving ketorolac. Intrathecal ketorolac kinetics revealed a biphasic clearance: t1/2 s = 10.3 and 53 min, respectively. After initiation of infusion (0.5 mg and 5 mg/ml/50 microl/h), lumbar CSF concentrations of ketorolac were 3.8 and 52.7 microg/ml, respectively. Bolus and continuous infusion of intrathecal ketorolac resulted in significant reduction of lumbar CSF PGE2 concentrations. In rats, with intrathecal catheters, four daily bolus deliveries of saline or ketorolac (5 mg/ml/10 microl) had no effect upon spinal histology or upon spinal cord blood flow. These data indicate that intrathecal ketorolac in two species at the dose/concentrations employed does not induce evident spinal pathology but diminishes spinal prostaglandin release.
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ABSTRACT: Despite the extensive use of intrathecal morphine infusion for pain, no systematic safety studies exist on its effects in high concentrations. The authors assessed the effects of morphine and clonidine given 28 days intrathecally in dogs. Beagles with lumbar intrathecal catheters received solutions delivered by a vest-mounted infusion pump. Six groups (n = 3 each) received infusions (40 microl/h) of saline or 1.5, 3, 6, 9, or 12 mg/day of morphine for 28 days. Additional groups received morphine at 40 microl/h (1.5 mg/day) plus clonidine (0.25-1.0 mg/day) or clonidine alone at 100 microg/h (4.8 mg/day). In animals receiving 9 or 12 mg/day morphine, allodynia was observed shortly after initiation of infusion. A concentration-dependent increase in hind limb dysfunction evolved over the infusion interval. Necropsy revealed minimal reactions in saline animals. At the higher morphine concentrations (all dogs receiving 12 mg/day), there was a local inflammatory mass at the catheter tip that produced significant local tissue compression. All animals with motor dysfunction displayed masses, although all animals with masses did not show motor dysfunction. The mass, arising from the dura-arachnoid layer, consisted of multifocal accumulations of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Inflammatory cells and endothelial cells displayed significant IL1beta, TNFalpha, iNOS, and eNOS immunoreactivity. No evidence of bacterial or fungal involvement was detected. There were no other changes in spinal morphologic characteristics. In four other groups of dogs, clonidine alone had no effect and in combination with morphine reduced the morphine reaction. The authors found that high intrathecal morphine concentrations lead to aseptic intrathecal inflammatory masses. The lack of effect of clonidine and the possible suppressive effects of clonidine on the local reaction suggest the utility of such coadministration.
Article: Luger NM, Sabino MA, Schwei MJ, Mach DB, Pomonis JD, Keyser CP, et al .Efficacy of systemic morphine suggests a fundamental difference in the mechanisms that generate bone cancer vs inflammatory pain[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Pain is the cancer related event that is most disruptive to the cancer patient's quality of life. Although bone cancer pain is one of the most severe and common of the chronic pains that accompany breast, prostate and lung cancers, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that generate and maintain this pain. Recently, we developed a mouse model of bone cancer pain and 16 days following tumor implantation into the intramedullary space of the femur, significant bone destruction and bone cancer pain-related behaviors were observed. A critical question is how closely this model mirrors human bone cancer pain. In the present study we show that, as in humans, pain-related behaviors are diminished by systemic morphine administration in a dose dependent fashion that is naloxone-reversible. Humans suffering from bone cancer pain generally require significantly higher doses of morphine as compared to individuals with inflammatory pain and in the mouse model, the doses of morphine required to block bone cancer pain-related behaviors were ten times that required to block peak inflammatory pain behaviors of comparable magnitude induced by hindpaw injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) (1-3mg/kg). As these animals were treated acutely, there was not time for morphine tolerance to develop and the rightward shift in analgesic efficacy observed in bone cancer pain vs. inflammatory pain suggests a fundamental difference in the underlying mechanisms that generate bone cancer vs. inflammatory pain. These results indicate that this model may be useful in defining drug therapies that are targeted for complex bone cancer pain syndromes.
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ABSTRACT: The biphasic display of paw-flinch behavior in the rat after injection of formalin into the dorsum of the hind paw is used for the screening of anti-hyperalgesic agents. Described and characterized here is a less labor-intensive system for counting flinch activity by detecting movement of a small metal band placed on the formalin-injected paw. A signal is generated as the band breaks the electromagnetic field of a loop antenna located under the rat and processed through an algorithm that determines flinch activity using 1) amplitude, 2) zero-voltage crossing, and 3) signal duration. Flinches are summed and stored over a selected collection interval throughout the assay for later analysis. Studies have validated the measures with respect to 1) system stability over time; 2) system-to-"practiced observer" correlation on flinch detection, r2 = 0.94; 3) system variables including time of day, sex, age, and body weight; and 4) 50% effective dose values similar to those previously reported for intrathecal morphine and the NMDA antagonist MK-801.
Article: Safety Assessment of Encapsulated Morphine Delivered Epidurally in a Sustained-Release Multivesicular Liposome Preparation in Dogs[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have shown that the epidural (EPI) delivery of morphine encapsulated in multivesicular liposomes (DepoFoam drug delivery system) produces a sustained clearance of morphine and a prolonged analgesia. We have sought to subsequently determine the likelihood of deleterious effects on local tissue of repetitive epidural injections of this encapsulated morphine preparation (C0401). Beagle dogs were prepared according to protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee under volatile general anesthesia with chronic lumbar EPI catheters and subcutaneous injection ports. Male and female dogs (three groups) received a total of 4 EPI injections at 8-day intervals of 3 mL of C0401 (10 mg/mL morphine) (N = 6), DepoFoam vehicle (N = 6), or 0.9% sodium chloride (N = 6). Following EPI-C0401, but not saline or DepoFoam vehicle, there were transient (< 72 hr) decreases in food consumption, arousal, hindlimb muscle tone, and body temperature. Heart rate was unaltered, but there were modest decreases in blood pressure and respiratory rate, which persisted for 24-72 hr after C0401. No persistent changes in sensory/motor function, body weight, or stool/urine production were observed. Cerebrospinal fluid, blood chemistry, and urinalysis performed at surgery and on the day of sacrifice (24 hr after the last dose) were within normal ranges. Gross pathology at necropsy was unremarkable. Spinal histopathology findings were judged to be minimal (e.g., modest pericatheter inflammation and fibrosis) and present in all dogs. However, a statistical trend in the rank order of pathology scores was noted (Saline < DepoFoam vehicle < C0401). Repeated EPI injection of C0401 at the maximum dose that could be administered (30 mg) resulted in moderate, transient behavioral and physiological effects after each injection, consistent with morphine administration, and a modest effect on cord histopathology. This level of pathology is reflected in the lack of change observed in cerebrospinal fluid and lack of neurological findings. These results suggest that C0401 is without significant pathological effects at this dose after repeated epidural delivery in dogs.
Article: Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Epidurally Delivered Sustained-release Encapsulated Morphine in Dogs[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We evaluated the epidural effects of a multivesicular liposome-based sustained-release preparation of morphine (C0401) on behavior and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid and serum kinetics of morphine. Beagle dogs were prepared with lumbar epidural catheters with subcutaneous injection ports and lumbar intrathecal catheters. Each dog (n = 6) received the following by the epidural route: 5 mg/3 ml morphine sulfate in saline (MS-5), 10 mg/3 ml C0401 (C0401-10), and 30 mg/3 ml C0401 (C0401-30). Behavioral and physiologic parameters and nociceptive responses (skin twitch latency) were evaluated, and morphine concentrations were determined in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid and serum. All morphine treatments blocked the skin twitch response. Time to onset was 1.3 +/- 0.3 h for C0401-30; 2.6 +/- 0.6 h for C0401-10; and 0.4 +/- 0.2 h for MS-5. Duration of action was 62 +/- 0.3 h for C0401-30; 27 +/- 2 h for MS-5. All treatments produced a modest reduction in arousal, muscle tone, and coordination, with the duration of the C0401-30 preparation being longer lasting. Respiratory rate was mildly depressed by all treatments, and moderate hypotension was noted. Time to peak cerebrospinal fluid morphine concentration was 11 h for C0401-30; 3 h for C0401-10; and 5 min for MS-5. Peak lumbar cerebrospinal fluid level was 34,992 +/- 5,578 ng/ml for MS-5; 14,483 +/- 3,438 ng/ml for C0401-30; and 10,730 +/- 2,888 ng/ml for C0401-10. Morphine mean residence time in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid was 0.8 +/- 0.1 h for MS-5; 8.9 +/- 1.0 h for C0401-30. Kinetics studies showed that multivesicular liposome sequestration results in a restrained and persistent release of morphine from the epidural space. This extended release corresponded with an extended duration of analgesia without an attendant increase in the incidence of side effects.
Article: Characterization of variables defining hindpaw withdrawal latency evoked by radiant thermal stimuli. J Neurosci Methods[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have examined the stability and sources of variation within the nociceptive model of rat hind paw withdrawal from an under-glass radiant stimulus (Hargreaves et al., 1988) using a system where stimulus intensity and floor temperature can be controlled and reproducibly changed. The current study demonstrates that: (i) increased stimulus intensity with a fixed surface temperature is associated with a monotonic decrease in mean response latency and its variance; (ii) for a fixed stimulus intensity, the mean paw withdrawal latency and variance increased as the glass floor temperature is lowered from 30 degrees C to room temperature (25 degrees C). Using subcutaneously-implanted thermocouples and a 30 degrees C glass surface, the subcutaneous paw temperature observed at an interval corresponding to the time at which the animal displayed a paw withdrawal did not differ across multiple heating rates (41-42.5 degrees C). This finding is in agreement with human studies of pain thresholds and C-fiber activity. These studies emphasize the importance of maintaining a fixed surface temperature to reduce experimental variability and the utility of this apparatus across multiple stimulus intensities to define agonist efficacy.
Article: Kinetic and Safety Studies on Intrathecally Infused Recombinant-Methionyl Human Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Dogs[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To define the kinetics and safety of spinally infused recombinant-methionyl human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (r-metHuBDNF), beagle dogs were prepared with lumbar intrathecal catheters passed through the cisternal membrane to the L1-L4 lumbar level. For kinetic studies, r-metHuBDNF was delivered by bolus or infusion through one catheter and lumbar CSF was sampled periodically through a second. As a lumbar bolus, r-metHuBDNF displayed a biphasic clearance with t(1/2)a = 0.7 hr and t(1/2)b = 7. 9 hr. Lumbar to cisternal concentrations after bolus delivery were approximately 60:1. For safety studies, dogs received continuous intrathecal infusion (2.4 ml/day) for 28 days of saline (n = 6), r-metHuBDNF at 200 (n = 6), 800 (n = 6), or 2000 (n = 7) microg/day. Control dogs showed no changes. Intrathecally infused r-metHuBDNF produced a dose-dependent increase in muscle tone and decreased coordination. Low-dose r-metHuBDNF was associated with moderate increases in muscle tone after 22-28 days of infusion. No clinically important changes were noted in rectal temperature, arterial pressure, respiration and heart rate, body weight, food consumption, stool or urine output, or change in blood chemistries measured throughout the study. Cisternal CSF protein and glucose sampled at 28 days were not different between dose groups and all cultures were negative. Histopathological examination of the spinal cord typically revealed some degree of chronic inflammation around the catheter, including fibrotic adhesions and focal accumulations of lymphoid and plasma cells, but these effects were not dose dependent. In other dogs receiving r-metHuBDNF (2000 or 4000 microg/day), termination of infusion resulted in significant recovery.
Article: Studies on the Safety of Chronically Administered Intrathecal Neostigmine Methylsulfate in Rats and Dogs[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The spinal delivery of the cholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine yields analgesia in rats and augments the analgesic effects of alpha 2 agonists in sheep. To assess its activity in humans, preclinical toxicology studies to define its safety were required in two species. Rats with chronic intrathecal catheters received daily injections of saline (vehicle) or 5 micrograms/10 microliters or 10 micrograms/10 microliters neostigmine HCl (n = 6/group) for 4 days and were observed for general behavior and nociception (52.5 degrees C hot plate). On day 6, rats were anesthetized and submitted to whole body perfusion/fixation. For dog studies, male beagles were prepared following rigid aseptic precautions with catheters passed from the cisterna magna to the lumbar intrathecal space. Catheters were connected to an external vest-mounted pump. Based on preliminary studies, ten implanted dogs were randomly assigned to receive infusions of neostigmine for 28 days (4 mg/4 ml/day; n = 6) or saline (4 ml/day; n = 4). At 28 days, dogs were anesthetized, cisternal cerebrospinal fluid was obtained, and dogs were submitted to perfusion-fixation. Rat and dog spinal cords were embedded, sectioned, stained, and assessed by the pathologist without knowledge of treatment. In rats, neostigmine produced a dose-dependent increase in hot plate latency, and no tolerance was observed. Mild tremor was observed but was not debilitating. Histopathology revealed a mild fibrotic reaction to the catheter with mixed signs of moderate, acute, and chronic inflammation with no differences between saline or drug groups. In dogs, neostigmine had no effect on blood pressure or on the skin twitch response but produced bradycardia and an increase in muscle tone. At sacrifice, cerebrospinal fluid protein, specific gravity, and glucose were elevated in both saline and neostigmine groups. Histopathology displayed a local reaction to the spinal catheter and a mixed acute and chronic inflammatory reaction. No group differences were observed. These results suggest that, at the neostigmine concentration of 1 mg/ml in the rat and dog and in doses up to 4 mg/day in the dog, there is no evidence of spinal tissue toxicity that can be attributed to the drug. This result, observed in two species, suggests that intrathecal neostigmine given in this manner is without distinguishable toxicity in these two models.
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the physiological effects and toxicity of epidural clonidine.HCl, male Beagle dogs were prepared with chronic lumbar epidural catheters and administered constant infusions of either saline (N = 10), or 80 micrograms/hr (N = 6), 200 micrograms/hr (N = 6), or 320 micrograms/hr (N = 12) clonidine.HCl at a rate of 4 ml/24 hr for 28 days. Saline infusion had no effect upon any behavioral measure. Epidural clonidine produced a dose-dependent increase in thermal skin-twitch response latency (antinociception), lowering of respiration rate, heart rate, and blood pressure, and increased sedation. The effects were maximum from approximately Day 1 to Day 3 when, with the exception of respiration which remained depressed, a progressive adaptation was observed over the course of the study. There were no negative effects on body weight, body temperature, motor function, bowel or bladder function, or clinical pathology values. After 28 days of continuous infusion, the dogs were deeply anesthetized and terminated. Cisternal cerebrospinal fluid taken at termination displayed no clinically significant differences in protein or glucose concentration. All groups, including control, had dogs which had a chronic inflammatory response in the epidural space, as represented by fibrosis, foreign body giant cells, and lymphocytes, but no spinal cord pathology. Both the steady-state plasma and CSF concentrations of clonidine were proportional to the dose; the ratio of CSF to plasma concentration was approximately 0.5. The failure to see any change in CSF composition, significant spinal cord pathology, or signs of tissue or organ toxicity emphasizes the safety of epidurally administered clonidine at infusion rates up to 320 micrograms/hr and at infusate concentrations up to 2 mg/ml.
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the physiological effects and toxicity of epidural clonidine·HCl, male Beagle dogs were prepared with chronic lumbar epidural catheters and administered constant infusions of either saline ( N = 10), or 80 μg/hr ( N = 6), 200 μg/hr ( N = 6), or 320 μg/hr ( N = 12) clonidine·HCl at a rate of 4 ml/24 hr for 28 days. Saline infusion had no effect upon any behavioral measure. Epidural clonidine produced a dose-dependent increase in thermal skin-twitch response latency (antinociception), lowering of respiration rate, heart rate, and blood pressure, and increased sedation. The effects were maximum from approximately Day 1 to Day 3 when, with the exception of respiration which remained depressed, a progressive adaptation was observed over the course of the study. There were no negative effects on body weight, body temperature, motor function, bowel or bladder function, or clinical pathology values. After 28 days of continuous infusion, the dogs were deeply anesthetized and terminated. Cistemal cerebrospinal fluid taken at termination displayed no clinically significant differences in protein or glucose concentration. All groups, including control, had dogs which had a chronic inflammatory response in the epidural space, as represented by fibrosis, foreign body giant cells, and lymphocytes, but no spinal cord pathology. Both the steadystate plasma and CSF concentrations of clonidine were proportional to the dose; the ratio of CSF to plasma concentration was approximately 0.5. The failure to see any change in CSF composition, significant spinal cord pathology, or signs of tissue or organ toxicity emphasizes the safety of epidurally administered clonidine at infusion rates up to 320 μg/hr and at infusate concentrations up to 2 mg/ml.
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University of California, San Diego
San Diego, California, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology


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You know how the CFL team in Saskatchewan is called the Roughriders? Well, evidently the team's GM wanted to really put his stamp on the name. Unfortunately, he tried to do so by sexually assaulting a 16-year-old girl, or so the Regina police claim.
According to the SASKATOON STAR PHOENIX, via the REGINA LEADER-POST, Saskatchewan Roughriders GM Eric Tillman was charged in connection with an incident dating to Aug. 6, right about the time that the 2008 CFL season was hitting midseason form.
There are few details about the alleged assault, but we know that Tillman was arrested, charged and then released to appear back in court. The GM clearly hasn't fled the country, because he re-signed lineman Jeremy O'Day today, and heck, when you're in a place like Saskatchewan, it's probably hard to avoid being noticed trying to get away. (We have a feeling he'd be pretty anonymous in Venezuela, though.)


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Tony and Margaret Greenham and guest conductor Mark Peacock with their specially framed certificate.
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THE Fairey Band hosted its annual Christmas Concert in front of a packed house in Beaminster.
Many popular carols were sung and Mark Peacock was the guest conductor for the occasion.
There was also a surprise for Tony and Margaret Greenham, as they were made vice-presidents in recognition of the hard work they have put in over the years.
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Post-Eclipse Astromancy
Tres emo? Well, it's apres Eclipse – two in fact – and there is a LOT to process, right?
The Grand Water Trine between Pan/La Luna, Saturn-Psyche in Scorpio and Chiron in Pisces is also huge, like non-stop therapeutic insights.
So cut yourself some slack, pay down any sleep deficit & be on high alert for beautiful breakthroughs in amongst the ennui.
Oh and remember i was going to review For Strange Women's Astral Projection Oil? (my Interview with the awesome Jill McKeever here)
Well i tried it and here is what i think: It won't knock you out if you're frazzled & with your mind racing. It's more hypnotic than sedative. BUT it is epic if you're relatively serene to start with & open to some lucid or helpful dreaming.
Whenever i've used it, my dreams are (a) easier to remember and (b) i feel more in my dreams, able to control my actions. Plus the communications in them seem to be a lot more direct and clear. So hey, I'm a fan. It's become like a magical, pre-sleep ritual.
And remember i don't accept freebies or advertising – if i write about something, it means i've bought it for real and am saying whatever i want…
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This profile was last updated on 9/29/15 and contains information from public web pages and contributions from the ZoomInfo community.
Mr. Erik L. SundquistWrong Erik L. Sundquist?
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American English: /ˌkɑrbəˈrəndəm/ British English: /ˌkɑːbəˈrʌndəm/
Translation of carborundum in Spanish:
- carborundo (masculine)Example sentences
- A compound known as silicon carbide, also known as carborundum, is one of the hardest substances known.
- Control plants were also dusted with carborundum and mock inoculated with a sample volume of potassium phosphate buffer.
- Before inoculating, 600-mesh carborundum was dusted on the leaves.
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Since opening its doors in 1923, the Millennium Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles has provided luxurious accommodations for business people, celebrities and politicians. The interior design is heavily influenced by classic European styles, while the facade is a fusion of beaux arts and Renaissance revival architecture. Renovations in this lavish hotel have transformed the original 1,500 rooms into 683 suites that offer more space and amenities. Open year-round; the indoor pool offers a nice escape from the hustle and bustle in the city of Los Angeles.
Key facts
The Millennium Biltmore Hotel stands as an iconic landmark on the historic Pershing Square, in downtown Los Angeles. You can enjoy authentic Asian cuisine at the on-site Bugis Street Brasserie, or delight your palates with Italian food at Smeraldi's Restaurant. Head over to the Rendezvous Court to drink afternoon tea in an extravagant setting that was once part of the hotel's original lobby. For a taste of fine spirits, take a seat at the Gallery Bar and Cognac Room, a sophisticated lounge that's inspired by the 1920s era of Prohibition.
After a long day of sightseeing in the heart of Los Angeles, you can relax in the hotel's steam room and sauna. These facilities are conveniently located near the fitness center, which is furnished with cardiovascular machines and weight lifting equipment.
Rates quoted in currencies other than the hotel's base currency are subject to the rate of the international exchange. Rate may change throughout stay. Rate may reflect average nightly rate. Extra charges may apply. Incidental charges, such as room service, are not included in the rate.
The amenities and/or facilities may not be located at the hotel, but within a reasonable distance, and additional charges may apply for use.


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Educational and fun..July 7th, 2008 by LG Blog UK
Just a couple of quick links to share with you today – sort of a saw this and thought of you post!
Isn't this lovely? (I feel I'm doing a bit of a Di over at Designers' Block today!)
It's a page from Ecodazoo("The Eco Zoo") a gorgeous Japanese site about being eco-friendly with advice issued by various creatures and critters from the pages of a pop-up book! (Made of recycled paper I'm sure!)
And while the title is completely covered by that site, here's another one which is fun but possibly educational..
The Secret of Johan Lorbeer's Still-Life Performance Johan Lorbeer has been causing a stir in European cities with his fantastic performances of just standing still for long periods.. while invisibly suspended above the ground! Human statues in Covent Garden take note!
Happy Monday all!


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I'm a skydiver, yogi, foodie, and travel enthusiast. I've been fortunate to have so many opportunities to visit many great places - Thailand, Hong Kong, Bermuda, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Spain, and England to name a few, as well as all over the USA. I like to be in the thick of things - immersed in the local culture, rather than having the "resort" experience over and over just in different locations. You can share in some of my adventures on my blog - Delicious Ambition. Cheers!


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News: Metroid Database Translates Other M Artwork for Your Pleasure
See Samus in a new light
Metroid: Other M certainly had some delicious artwork, most of which was only available in Japanese, but those hard-working folks at the Metroid Database have translated plenty of concept art into English. From sketches of Zero Suit Samus to maps and boss concepts, the artwork is well worth a look over if you're into Samus's most recent adventure. Be warned though: the..


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Be a Successful Property Manager is a complete guide to all the essentials of profitably managing rental properties. Valuable to anyone who already owns several rental properties, is thinking about investing in one, or is considering a job as a property manager, this unique resource gives you the information and techniques to operate with maximum efficiency and profitability.
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Tulane transfer Josh Davis picks San Diego State
San Diego State has landed Tulane transfer Josh Davis.
Davis, a 6-foot-8 senior forward who averaged 17.6 points and 10.7 rebounds last season, will be eligible to play this season for the Aztecs.
"I felt comfortable with the staff, and the system fits me," Davis told CBSSports.com on Wednesday while on a visit to San Diego State.
Davis was also set to visit Gonzaga and Ohio State.
The Aztecs also sold Davis on the comparison to former San Diego State star Kawhi Leonard, who is long and athletic and also bears a facial resemblance as well.
"I've heard that plenty," Davis admitted. "Even before they started recruiting me."


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Details about GPS navigation car DVD player radio iPod stereo head unit NISSAN Navara D40 D22See original listing
Item condition:
Brand New
21 Mar, 2013 07:22:13 AEDST
May not post to United States - Read item description or contact seller for postage options. | See details
Item location:
Sydney, Australia
|Brand New
|Compatible Makes:
|Nissan Patrol Pathfinder Navara D40 D22 X-Trail, Dualis Tiida Micra
|Audio, Video Type:
|Manufacturer Part Number:
|Player Type:
|DVD GPS radio bluetooth iPod USB AVI DIVX MP4 MP3
|Double DIN
|Benefit of the unit:
|Easy to install (Please see the back of the unit)
|SPECIAL features:
|Name brand components, virtual 10 discs, 600MHz
|Installation service:
|We can recommend installers in major cities
|Product Type:
|Audio, Video
*You will need to order a matching harness for this car. Please ask us to revise your invoice if you need this harness.
It's as easy as the name says - PLUG & PLAY, you can simply remove your old unit and connect up this specific Nissan head unit without the need to cut and hardwire.
The factory plugs on this mean you can install with the peace of mind that your car warranty and your dashboard will remain in one piece.
Car Vision & Sound Professionals
It's what's inside that counts the most! Some of the world's biggest brands
make the components that make this unit GREAT.
Virtual 10 Disc Memory
Total 1GB storage capacity
The addition of a virtual CD stacker means you can have your favourite music at CD quality without ripping at home. The 1GB Memory will save you when you leave your favourite beats at home!
Choose your wallpaper and your own startup logo
Now you can add your family photo, car logo, anything you like to the background and startup logo, customizing it suit you.
Powerful GPS Processor 600MHz
Makes getting from A to B easy.
The GPS Module in this Head unit is from the SiRF Prima series. Paired with the Included Australian Maps this is a powerful companion to your travels on and off road.
Featuring the most powerful ARM11 Processor in the market this requires less power and makes better use of the 128MB RAM built into the device for GPS processing alone it uses less power to keep you on track.
We can recommend professional installers around Australia
Installation is a highly specialised area, and not for the faint hearted, so don't leave it to chance. Whether you need a mobile installer or on-site specialsed sevice, we have the installation solution to suit your needs. Contact us for more information: email@example.com
Built-in GPS navigation
DVD and DivX® multi media player
Picture perfect clear, bright DVD images on this LCD colour display, AG (Anti-Glare) screen. DivX® is the world's most popular high-compression digital video format and does not appreciably compromise movie picture quality. Simply play any DivX® disc in the multi media player to gain a new appreciation of in-car theater.
Built in Bluetooth®
Never have to worry about fines or losing points again, make and receive calls in high quality sound through your car stereo system. Dial numbers easily on the touch screen, direct dial, select incoming and outgoing call memory, also transfer phone address book to unit.*
Music playback
with A2DP you can stream music from a compatible Bluetooth mobile phone or MP3 music player.*
*Some functions may not be compatible with your mobile phone
iPod® Ready
Dock charge and control your iPod, change track and view your song data on the screen.
RADIO tuner with RDS function
RADIO tuner with RDS function: AM/FM tuner with 30 presets (18FM/12AM), FM also supports RDS (radio data system), this feature enables your favourite station to send data to the unit (such as song information), it also automatically scans for the new frequency of the station when you are driving to a new area*
*RDS Functions may not be available in your area, not all radio stations support RDS
Steering Wheel Controls
Continue the factory integration with your steering wheel controls, our units work with most makes and models of cars, so no longer do your controls on the steering wheel have to be made redundant.
USB Cable
Play music and movie files from your USB flash card, simple and convenient connection from the rear, USB cable is included.
SD Card
Latest technology micro SD card reader, yet another convenient way to play your favorite music or movies, takes up to 32GB.


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Gregory Doran
Gregory Doran was born in 1958 in Preston, Lancashire, England. He is a director and actor, known for Hamlet (2009), Royal Shakespeare Company: Richard II (2013) and Julius Caesar (2012). See full bio »
Born:in Preston, Lancashire, England, UK
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Lopez, a Mexico City, Mexico, native, opened with a one-under 70 in the first round. She tallied three birdies and three bogeys for the round and is tied for 43rd overall.
Lewis is also tied for 43rd with a one-under 70. She had a couple putts role by and, after bogies on the second and fourth holes, she played the final 14 holes three-under for the day.
Tubert, a Burbank, Calif., native, was up-and-down on the course. She opened with a birdie on the second hole, one of two birdies in her round. Tubert turned at plus-two and finished plus three with a 74.
"Today was a really special day for our program," said Arkansas head coach Shauna Estes-Taylor. "To have three current and former Razorbacks in the field at the Walmart NW Arkansas LPGA Championship presented by P&G is amazing. To see the Razorback fans out there supporting the players is just tremendous. The atmosphere at the first tee, the 17 hole – all of it – is just such a special opportunity for all of them and it just shows you what a great support system we have here in the Northwest Arkansas community and on our campus.
"For Gaby it was a really great round of golf with three birdies and two bogeys," said Estes-Taylor. "I'm really proud of her. It's fun to see how much she has matured over the last year and how she has improved and more confident she has become. For Emily, in her professional debut, it is a little bit of a transition. She had a double on 16 but did some really good things out there as well. For Stacy, she seems to be really close today.
"As a coach to have three of my players out there is really special. To have the fans and the support is just, it makes this a week of a lifetime. I'm so proud to be the leader of our golf team and to have this opportunity."
Play continues Saturday for all three players with a cut after the second round.
Copyright 2016 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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In other news Wednesday, the Obama administration will drop references to end-of-life counseling as a covered service under Medicare. Also, more rain is forecast for flood-ravaged Queensland, Australia, which is already coping with 80,000 square miles underwater and mass evacuations. Continue reading
An Arizona law is going into effect Friday aimed at shutting down ethnic studies classes in Tucson's public schools, but is binding on all public schools in the state. Lucky Severson reports on the new law in a story that aired on the PBS program, Religion & Ethics Newsweekly. Continue reading
Tens of thousands of documents about the war in Iraq are now public record after being posted by the website known as WikiLeaks. Margaret Warner has the story. Continue reading
The media is combing through confidential documents on the Iraq War released by the website WikiLeaks, including accounts of abuse against Iraqi civilians and "hard evidence" that the United States turned a blind eye. Margaret Warner gets perspectives on the issue. Continue reading
Gary Gibbon of Independent Television News reports on Britain's decision to dramatically cut the budget to tackle the country's mounting deficit. Continue reading
A presidential commission has offered some harsh words of criticism of the White House response to the BP oil spill. Ray Suarez talks to David Fahrenthold of the Washington Post for details. Continue reading
Special correspondent Lee Hochberg reports from Seattle on the rising homelessness for school-age children and the challenges that faces public schools trying to accommodate them. Continue reading
This week archaeologists unveiled the discovery of a Confederate prison camp in a rural part of Georgia. This story is part of a project called NewsHour Connect, where the best of public broadcasting from around the country is showcased. Rickey Bevington of Georgia Public Broadcasting has the story. Continue reading
As the fifth anniversary of Hurricane Katrina approaches, the superintendent brought in to revive New Orleans' troubled public schools is bidding farewell after turning many of the schools into charters. Before his departure, Paul Vallas speaks with John Merrow about where things stand with the city's school reform efforts. Continue reading
President Barack Obama plans to address a joint session of Congress Wednesday to outline his goals for health insurance reform and reshape a debate that has mostly been in the hands of legislators. Continue reading


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City Maps - Salzburg
City Maps - Salzburg City Maps are a collection of offline maps that you can download on to your device. You do not need a data connection to view the map and so it can be used abroad without experiencing additional charges or where there is no signal. Features Offline city map Zoom in to street level Fully search enabled Show and track your GPS position Many points-of-interest Easy to use interface When you purchase and install a City Map, a large map is download onto your device which can be navigated by using pinch-to-zoom and finger panning. The map includes many useful points-of-interest such as restaurants, hotels, ATM machines, shops, stations, bars, cafés, etc. It also includes a search feature which helps you find streets and points-of-interest.More


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Radagast by Night-AndersWatch
©2012-2016 Night-Anders
My half of an art trade I did with the amazing of her lovely character Radagast. I was really inspired for this one, he was so fun to draw and I took the opportunity to play with shading and highlighting techniques XD. With this, he ended up a bit shiny... hehe.
Well, I hope you like this! ^^
Radagast (c)
Well, I hope you like this! ^^
Radagast (c)
Beautiful job
Woah he's like a Lion and a Horse mix xpp
I love the stature too soo powerful :}
I love the stature too soo powerful :}
It's so beautiful. <3
Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahthanks ovo , your part is super lovely yes, he looks so awesome ;v;
This character they came up is really unique ^o^ you did great!


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Ted Simons: Author, historian, and part time Arizona resident Jeff Biggers takes a critical look at Arizona's leadership on immigration, reform and states' rights in his new book, "State Out of the Union: Arizona and the final showdown over the American dream." I recently spoke with Biggers about his book, which adds historical context to what he calls the Arizonafication of America. Jeff, thanks so much for joining us. We appreciate it.
Jeff Biggers: Thanks so much for having me.
Ted Simons: You bet. "State Out of the Union," explain the title.
Jeff Biggers: The title is a reference to Abraham Lincoln and he warned the nation in the 1860s right when we were becoming a territory in Arizona that we have to be careful that there are these states, who in fact, that don't want to follow federal laws, who want to make their own laws and want to be states out of the union. And as I began to look at the contemporary reality of Arizona, it's very much a show down with the federal government over many things. It's not just immigration, but guns and health care, and what not. And so, the whole history all the way back to the territory I realized, hey, we have an element here that's been a state out of the union. We have to look at that. It's our history.
Ted Simons: Does it look to you, as a historian, kind of looking at this, is it much different than other western states? Or is Arizona unique?
Jeff Biggers: I think Arizona is unique. Certainly we share a regional history. Traditionally, we are an extraction state at beginning, 100 years ago we see signs now the centennial Arizona, and I think people forget, we came in as a very progressive state. We had one of the most progressive constitutions in the nation. We had this incredible labor governor; this big roly poly guy with a walrus mustache who talked about how the battle right now in 1912 was to get corporate money out of politics. And, in fact, Governor Hunt, our first governor, said we have to take 99% of the labor and management, and fight against the 1% of the copper companies. This is 100 years ago. And so really this dynamic battle which we have been fighting for 100 years really goes back to our state hood.
Ted Simons: The idea, though, of statehood and when we started, the progressive nature, the opportunities to go in any direction you want, has led to I think an individual nature that most recognize here in Arizona. When it goes into a direction that you or perhaps others don't necessarily agree with is that wrong?
Jeff Biggers: I don't think it's wrong. I think another cultural reality that's connected to that is, you know, we are very transient state. People come here, then move on. I am not sure what the demographics are now but when I was a kid growing up in Arizona, I grew up in Tucson in the 1970s, essentially 1/3 of the state shifted every few years. You had people who were not deeply rooted in conflict with people who were deeply rooted. You know Tucson, you know Shoshone, an ancient city like Phoenix thousands years old, we learned very quickly that the folks in Tucson didn't cross the border. The border crossed them. There was a very deeply rooted history of indigenous and Mexican people here before us. And so I think a lot of the cultural individualism, rugged individualist is part of a mythology that in fact is more mythology than reality in Arizona.
Ted Simons: How much is the past prologue here? How much can we look back and say, this is why we are what we are now? And really what are we now? Because right now, around the country, Arizona is perceived in a certain light. Whether you are for it or against it we are seen a certain way. I would say 10, 15 even 20 years ago it was completely different. And 30, 40 years ago differ even still. Who are we?
Jeff Biggers: I think that's a great question and you really nailed it. The past is the prologue. Essentially for the past 100 years, every 20 years ago we go through this kind of spasms of states' rights, spasms against immigrants and it's often when the economy collapses, when a war ends, or when someone, you can use it as a political opportunist, they use these kind of extremist measures. You go back to Governor Hunt, who really brought in a progressive state and the deportations in Bisbee when people were rounded up in the copper camps and deported. Then we had an incredible amount of labor in the 1920s and then we deported them. Of course, in my era, in the 1970s, everybody was looking at Arizona because passed this horrific bill against migrant workers and immigrants by one-eyed Jack Williams our governor. And César Chavez came back. And of course, César Chavez is from Arizona and he began this incredible fight back that really changed our state. He enrolled 150,000 new voters and eventually Raul Castro was elected as the first Latino. So, once again this past is a prologue is very true. We sort of go through these anti-immigrant spasms, these state rights spasms and the folks fight back. That's exactly what they are doing now.
Ted Simons: Interesting you mention that because you mention the former Governor Castro who was recently stopped, made headlines in that particular. But when what you see is extremism is the country moving so far to the right, is what is considered now extremism, is that not the new norm? In a variety of ways? And Arizona leading that parade, that particular parade.
Jeff Biggers: Right. I think that's a great question. The Arizonafication of America we call it and we know that Arizona, in fact, has shaped immigration platform of the Republican Party. That Mitt Romney was the first presidential candidate to embrace SB 1070. There was a poster, I was in Florida, I will never forget it, at a chain Mexican restaurant, that said our Mexican is so authentic, it's banned in Arizona. And of course, the sad part was that chain was actually was based in Alabama, that had passed a worse law. Because they had gone after undocumented youth in schools. The truth though is you might have this extremism that has essentially taken over the Republican Party and had incredible impact on the rest of nation, and that's what I look at in my book but the same time, in Russell Pierce's district, the man who is the architect of SB 1070, the man who had run it through like a beauty pageant was taken down in a historic recall. The first senate president in American history to be brought down in his own district by a group of people who said, hey, he doesn't represent Arizona anymore.
Ted Simons: Is that, but was that -- was that a group of people saying he doesn't represent Arizona or us anymore? Or was that a particular reaction to a particular individual saying, we don't necessarily disagree all that much with his views. We are just getting tired, in other words, right message, wrong messenger situation?
Jeff Biggers: No. I think it was a rejection of the idea that we can have a punitive immigration policy. It's not like the old days where there was a rough and tumble, let's just deport immigrants if we don't want them. S.B. 1070 changed the game because it put a criminalization aspect, that we are going to have a punitive aspect. That we are not simply deporting like President Eisenhower did under operation wet back, we are not deporting like President Hoover did. We are going to incarcerate them. We are going to criminalize them and we are going to, essentially, sanction them, what I consider racial profiling to ask for their papers, please. I think that's what people said, hey, now you are going too far. You are taking it beyond what we recognize as civil rights. You are taking it beyond what is acceptable for us as true Arizonans.
Ted Simons: Where does Arizona go from here? You mentioned what happened over there in Russell Pierce's district. You mentioned what happened in the '70s, with César Chavez, in immobilizing voters and changing the nature of the electorate for a time being. We hear every election cycle the Latino vote is huge, it's powerful. Except, it's not powerful because those folks don't seem to get out and vote. Is that going to change, a, and, b, if that does change, how does it change the state?
Jeff Biggers: It is going to change. You know Ted, you and I are not going to have this conversation five to 10 years from now. We may not have this conversation two years from now when Governor Brewer runs. What I think the extremists are afraid of is this historic demographic shift. I think our demographers will tell us that 80% of the gray heads in Arizona like my parents are Anglos and 60% or more of the youth in our schools are brown, they are Latinos or African-American or indigenous kids. This is part of this historic demographic shift that is happening. And we don't need to be rocket scientists to do the math. This is why in all fairness, why you have someone like Attorney General Tom Horne who got his citizenship apparently the same year as operation wetback, as hundreds of thousands of Mexicans were deported he gets his citizenship and this is why he's going after the history of Mexican-American history in Tucson where he essentially went after that program. Because I think he realizes this history is powerful and this history is part of a legacy that's defining this incredible historic shift we are going through now. So I think we are going to see a difference. I think that Latino vote may not emerge, it could perhaps emerge for a senate candidate like Richard Carmona, but I think in the next two to four to eight years we will see a watershed event happen in Arizona.
Ted Simons: So for those who say that they are not against immigration, they are against illegal immigration, and they are not against this particular group of people, they are against any group of people who don't follow the laws, who don't stand in line, if you will, as others have in the past. How do you respond to that? Because again, S.B. 1070 wildly popular in much of Arizona and I guess if you did a poll now it would still be popular.
Jeff Biggers: Right, I think it's wildly popular still because a tremendous amount of misinformation. You and I both know, since I have been a kid here in the 1970s, my family has been in Arizona, as we came here as migrants in 1970, we have had the lowest rates of immigration in decades. We have had the lowest rates of apprehensions of undocumented people in decades. We have had the lowest rates of crime on the border in years. These are the facts and we all know that. At same the time facts we are not talking about is that since Operation Gatekeeper in 1994 thanks to Bill Clinton we have lost 5,000 migrants in the desert. We have had this incredible human rights crisis that we're not talking about. And I think everybody agrees was your question. We all agree we want it to be done correctly. I think what we are asking for and what my book tries to explore is, when are we finally going to have the debate over a true immigration reform as opposed to all this shouting over a lot of misinformation? And basically a manufactured crisis that doesn't exist.
Ted Simons: Last question here. You won the American book award for a book regarding the United States of Appalachia.
Jeff Biggers: Right.
Ted Simons: Appalachia and Arizona very different parts of the country. Very different in a variety of ways or are they? Can you compare the two?
Jeff Biggers: You know, I can make one comparison. The national media likes to villainize people and they can't seem to give it up. The left to right, the Daily Show refers to Arizona as the meth lab of democracies. And that offended me, as someone who grew up in Arizona. I said, hey, there's the other Arizona, there's another Arizona, and it's going to have a far more lasting impact and that's the Arizona I am proud of. The Arizona of César Chavez, the Arizona of Governor Hunt, the Arizona of so many people today who are really coming out I think to be part of this significant exchange and I think that's what we need to change just like we need to change in Appalachia.
Ted Simons: I lied. This is the last question. The book, it's forceful. Your opinions are forceful. It borders on and perhaps it is a polemic.
Jeff Biggers: Sure.
Ted Simons: As such, can you get that message across or is it the kind of thing that you just basic -- I don't want to say preaching to the choir but folks who don't agree with you, how are they going to make their way into this book and be convinced that what you are saying is something to be considered?
Jeff Biggers: I am a historian. I have been working in the deep south for years, in the coal fields. I am used to working communities that perhaps not, may not agree with me politically. What I am interested in is how we look at history and how we present history and so my book really is a great cultural history of Arizona and to say this is really a better reflection of who we are as opposed to the screaming we might hear on Fox News or what not. I think people can understand that. I think I actually have been having very large crowds and not just preaching to the choir but I think a lot of people who have come to actually see what I am trying to say about this other Arizona. And I think that ultimately is the next step in our discussion that we do need to get beyond the polarization of Arizona and get back to the reality of who we are and really look at our history and how our history is a prologue to what we are doing today.
Ted Simons: Jeff, it's good to have you here today. We appreciate it.
Jeff Biggers: Thanks for having me.


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Hi my name is chris and this is my 1st time on badminton central i am a player from b.c canada. I am traveling to shanghai alone this summer to stay with some exchange students that came to canada, and i am interested in mabe playing a little badminton while im there. Im a desent player but i havnt played much for a couple years. im staying at ,Pudong New area, Shanghai, is there a club or rec centre close by that would let me play? if there is could you please email me or post a thread and let me know? email@example.com. Thank you so much. i cant wait till i leave
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hi! me and my husband live in pudong and we are looking for a place or a club to play badminton during weekends. we are both beginners. hope someone can help us here
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Place to play in Shanghai, ChinaBy phildlc in forum China / Hong KongReplies: 0: 10-23-2002, 01:43 PM


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Welcome to Georgia Pain Physicians, a branch of National Pain Care managed by specialists in pain management, orthopedic rehabilitation and pain, sports and electrodiagnostic medicine. Georgia Pain Physicians has become the leading name in pain management, combining cutting-edge technology with a compassionate staff that works together to bring our patients pain relief in a timely manner. We know how chronic pain robs people of their time, their money and even their wellbeing. At Georgia Pain Physicians, our professional, team-based focus is on the quality of the life our patients lead and getting back to enjoying it pain-free.
Georgia Pain Physicians specialize in all kinds of pain, from headaches, pelvic and cancer pain to hip, neck, and lower back pain treatment. We help those with sports injuries and carpal tunnel syndrome. We also handle chronic spinal problems, such as spinal stenosis, spondylosis, degenerative disk disease, and herniated disks – even failed back surgery problems. We offer a variety of services and treatment options to our patients, and we tailor a treatment plan for each patient under our care.
National Pain Care is pleased to announce that Traci Gilmer has accepted the Office Manager position for Knoxville Pain Management. Traci is coming from the Pikeville, Kentucky office where she worked as the Office Manager since July 2013 and also as a Licensed Practical Nurse. She is responsible for the administration of the Knoxville clinic, reporting to the Regional Manager of Operations – Kentucky, Becky Rae Bush. We are excited to have Traci's knowledge and energy involved in the Knoxville clinics' daily operation.


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Economic Operator Registration and identification scheme: supporting guidance
How to apply for an Economic Operator Registration and Identification scheme (EORI) number if you are a trader or person carrying out customs activities in the EU.
The Economic Operator Registration and identification scheme (EORI) system started across the EU on 1 July 2009 and replaced the old Trader's Unique Reference Number (TURN) system. An EORI number is unique throughout the European Community, assigned by a customs authority in a member state to economic operators (businesses) or persons. By registering for customs purposes in one member state, an Economic Operator (EO) is able to obtain an EORI number which is valid throughout the community. The EO will then use this number in all communications with any EC customs authorities where a customs identifier is required for example customs declarations.
The implementation of EORI will ensure that the measures to enhance security introduced by the Security Amendment (Council Regulation 648/2005) and its Implementing Provisions will be more effective if EOs could be identified by reference to a common number unique to each EO within the EU.
When the EORI number is used
This unique number will be used by EOs, for example, on the provision to the customs authorities of pre-arrival and pre-departure information on all goods entering and leaving the customs territory of the community. The EORI number is also included on the customs declaration when you import your goods from or export goods to countries outside the EU. This includes if you occasionally buy items for your business from outside the EU for example machinery/equipment, goods for exhibition, samples, office supplies etc even though your business is not usually involved in importing or exporting.
It will also be used for the exchange of information between the customs authorities as well as between customs authorities and other authorities for example other government departments but only in respect of the movement of goods involving a customs procedure.
Check if you need an EORI number
If you are involved in customs activities and are established in the customs territory of the community, you shall be registered by the customs authority of the member state in which you are established.
If you are not established in the customs territory of the community, you will be registered by the customs authority of the member state where you first:
- lodge in the community a summary or customs declaration other than - a customs declaration made in accordance with Articles 225 to 238 of Regulation (EEC) 2454/93 - a customs declaration made for the temporary admission import procedure (but see paragraph below)
- lodge in the community an exit or entry summary declaration
- operate a temporary storage facility under Article 185(1)
- apply for an authorisation under Article 324(a) or 372
- apply for an AEO certificate
Importing or re-exporting temporary admission goods and ATA Carnet
Non-EU economic operators declaring goods for relief under temporary admission are not required to obtain an EORI number. The code 00500 should be entered on the customs declaration (C88) in box 8 for imports or box 2 for re-exports. The code 00500 should be prefixed with the non EU country code, followed by the operators name and address. For example a trader from the US should enter US00500.
The ATA carnet replaces the normal customs declaration required however, where form C21 (customs clearance request) needs to be completed for inventory clearance purposes if the carnet holder is :
- an EU resident, an EORI number will need to be entered in box 8 of the C21
- a non EU resident they should complete box 8 of the C21 by entering 00500 in the identification field of the declaration preceded by the non EU country code followed by their name and address
The issue of an EORI number is restricted to a legal entity - sole proprietor, partnership, company or individual. It cannot be allocated to individual branches or divisions within a legal entity. Only one number can be issued per legal entity.
UK and EU databases and website
The member state granting the number validates the information included on your application form and processes the information in both a national and an EU Commission database. The information includes your name, address, EORI number, VAT number if appropriate and whether you agree to your name and address being made available on the Commission internet website. The EU EORI number validation site Commission Internet website is managed by the Commission. It contains limited data on EOs and their EORI numbers that is available to the general public.
The database contains your EORI number, name and address. An enquirer to the database can ask if your EORI number is valid and active. You can specify whether you want your name and address to be disclosed during the enquiry.
No identification details of the enquirer is requested or held.
The site is updated 4 times a day:
- 12:30am
- 5:30am
- 11:30am
- 5:30pm
EORI in the UK
The implementation of EORI in the UK replaced the previous customs trader identification system, TURN, which ceased to exist from 1 July 2009. However a number of the TURN features were adopted in the EORI system, in particular the format of the registration number itself.
How previous TURN holders migrated to the EORI system
Before EORI most eligible TURN holders were automatically given an EORI number without them having to apply. Branches/divisions are not legal entities and therefore not entitled to an EORI number. They were instructed to ensure that their parent company/head office obtained an EORI number to enable them to continue importing/exporting.
How EORI numbers are structured
All UK EORI numbers start with the letters GB. Most are followed by a 12 digit number based on the EO's 9 digit VAT number with a 3 digit suffix number at the end, for example GB123456789000. This meant that over 98% of existing TURN holders including Pseudo TURNs were given an EORI number which was exactly the same as their previous TURN.
Most UK EORI numbers end 000. However some numbers relating to VAT Group Registrations, where each EO is a separate legal entity, will end in a 3 digit suffix other than 000.
The structure of the UK EORI number is the same for UK EOs who are not registered for VAT or EOs who are not established in the customs territory of the community.
- N numbers - TURNs starting with the letter 'N' followed by 12 digits are now preceded by GB followed by their previous TURN
- GD numbers were issued an EORI number based on their VAT number for example GB888854321000 so GD numbers became obsolete after 1 July 2009
Dummy EORI numbers
Previous dummy TURNs were used in circumstances where the economic operator did not have an individual TURN. Most of these dummy numbers have continued under EORI but now each is preceded by the letters GB.
|EORI Number
|Current TURN
|Change for EORI
|888 8888 11 000
|Bulk export allowing one declaration to include up to 99 separate consignors.
|888 8888 11 005
|Bulking of low value and non-statistical goods up to the value of £2,000 as part of NES Memorandum of Understanding.
|Imports or exports of private, non-commercial consignments regardless of value.
|Commercial exports by operators not registered for VAT
|From 1 July 2009 not to be used for exports starting in another member state and moving to the UK before exiting from the EU. In these cases an EORI number should be obtained by the exporter in the other member state.
Apply for an EORI number in the UK
Check if you already have a UK EORI number
If you are registered for VAT in the UK key in GB followed by your 9 digit VAT number and end with a 3 digit 000 suffix for example GB123456789000.
Please ensure that GB is in capital letters and that there are no gaps between any of the digits in the number. You will be automatically informed if your enquiry is valid or invalid. If valid, start using that number immediately. If invalid, you will need to submit an EORI application.
If you are not registered for VAT in the UK or not established in the customs territory of the community, key in GB followed by the 12 digit number you were allocated under the previous TURN system for example GB950123456000. Check to see if you already hold an EORI number by accessing the Commission internet website.
Submit application
If you're VAT registered please complete the Application for Economic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) form.
If you're not VAT registered complete one of the forms below:
- Importers -Application for an Economic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) number-Imports form.
- Exporters - Application for an Economic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) number - Exports form
If you're not VAT registered but need to get an EORI number for another customs procedure or system please complete this form and include why you need an EORI number in the additional information box.
For EOs registering for VAT via HMRC online services who have indicated the requirement for an EORI number, there is no need to submit an EORI application form.
If after 3 working days of your VAT number notification, the EORI number has not been sent to you, via an email, contact the EORI team.
For further information contact the EORI team.
When to apply
Apply as soon as you become aware you will be involved in customs activities and when all details required on your application are available. Applications can take up to 3 working days to process. You will be able to use your EORI number 24 hours after receiving your notification from HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).
Change of details
Contact the EORI team if:
- there are any changes to your name and/or address (these changes should be notified to EORI Team once you have confirmation that your VAT registration details have been amended)
- your VAT number changes or you deregister
- you change from a non VAT registered trader to a VAT registered trader
- you no longer require or are not entitled to an EORI number
- changes to inclusion on the EU Commission public
EORI and Royal Mail or Parcelforce Worldwide
You will require an EORI number for inclusion on the customs declaration (C88) where you intend to reclaim the import VAT on a VAT Return under normal rules:
- imports of goods with a value exceeding £2,000 declared to home use and free circulation
- imports of goods for which relief from Customs Duty and import VAT is being claimed, for example inward processing relief, outward processing relief, temporary admission
- certain exports including all goods for export with a value exceeding £2,000
See Notice 143 and Notice 144 for further details.
VAT group registration
Each member of a VAT group registration is a legal entity and is therefore entitled to a separate EORI number if it is involved in customs activities. Please tell HMRC on your application form that you are applying as a group member.
EORI and VAT registration in the UK
You may submit your EORI application and you will be allocated an EORI number which you can use until you are advised of your VAT registration number.
Once you are registered for VAT you will need to submit a new EORI application advising HMRC at the same time of your EORI number before you were registered for VAT. HMRC will then cancel your old EORI number and issue you with another based on your new VAT registration number. This will also allow you to receive C79s which can be used to reclaim your import VAT as input tax.
If you change your VAT number you need to notify the EORI team and complete a new EORI application form.
Get an EORI number in another member state
Please see the Europa website for further details if you need to obtain an EORI number in a Member State other than the UK.
Get a C79 if you are UK VAT-registered EO established overseas
Prior to the introduction of EORI an EO would enter their TURN in box 8 of the C88. This would result in the generation of a C79 each month if the EO was registered for VAT in the UK. The C79 details import VAT paid and is used as evidence by an EO to reclaim any input tax paid under their UK VAT registration. Due to a UK system constraint a C79 will only be generated if a UK EORI number is entered in box 8 of the C88.
Therefore if an EO who is established in another member state has its EORI number issued in that member state but is also registered for VAT in the UK they will also need to obtain and use a UK EORI number if they import goods into the UK and require a C79.
This will mean an EO holding a UK EORI number as well as an EORI number issued by the member state in which they are established.
HMRC apologise for any inconvenience this may cause and are seeking a solution.
How to get VAT numbers recognised from EORI number on customs declarations
An EO with a single legal entity and operating in more than one member state may be given a separate VAT number in each member state but only allocated a single EORI number by the member state where the EO is established.
In some cases there have been problems for EOs with their customs declarations in having their EORI number linked to all their associated VAT numbers. To help resolve this situation, from 1 July 2010 you may request the customs administration which allocated your EORI number to also include all directly associated VAT numbers, issued by other member states, against your EORI number.
The VAT numbers notified to customs must relate to the same legal entity.
Provision of the additional VAT numbers to customs is optional. You should be aware that HMRC will add this information to the EU database which can be accessed by all EU customs administrations and the Commission. You must notify HMRC as soon as possible should any of the notified VAT numbers cease to exist or no longer apply to your EORI number.
Notify HMRC of UK issued EORI numbers
The new application form will require all associated VAT numbers to be included on the EU database. Until the revised application is available, you may include the details in the 'Additional Information' box on the form, headed 'Additional VAT numbers'.
Existing EORI holders
You can contact the EORI team with:
- your UK EORI number for example GB123456789000
- the name and address of the EORI holder
- name and position of person advising details of the VAT numbers for example Jayne Briars, company secretary
- VAT numbers issued in other member states for example ES4137709856, FR165073195432
How to identify branches and divisions
Previously some EOs used TURNs to enable them to identify imports/exports and revenue due against individual branches/divisions. As branches/divisions do not qualify for an EORI number, this may cause inconvenience to economic operators set up in this way. As a result HMRC have devised some solutions to assist EOs to associate declarations to individual branches/divisions. The solutions are optional and you may choose instead to adapt your systems to meet your own needs.
Option 1
Include an Additional Information (AI) Statement Code(s) at header level in box 44 of the customs declaration. The codes are:
- BR followed by a 3 digit numeric code for importers/exporters
- AG followed by a 3 digit numeric code for agents/declarants
To enable identification of the branch/divisions, importing, exporting or acting as declarant as appropriate for example BR001, AG008 etc when a customs declaration is made. It is likely the 3 digit numeric code you use will be the same as the previous TURN suffix but you are free to choose any number you wish.
It will be acceptable for both codes to appear on the same declaration if necessary.
You do not need to notify customs in advance of the numbers you have chosen to identify your branches. However you will need to maintain an adequate audit trail in your records and provide the information if requested by HMRC.
Four MSS reports are available to importers/exporters and agents/declarants as appropriate on a monthly basis:
- BR imports
- BR exports
- AG imports
- AG exports
These reports are free of charge. They list all entries made by you where the BR or AG code has been entered in box 44 to assist reconciliation to be carried out, in particular against C79s. If no code is entered in box 44, the entry does not appear on the report. Information on the reports include entry number, date, EPU, declaration UCR, master UCR, agent's reference and BR or AG code in box 44.
Reports are normally sent within 15 working days of month end (for imports) and between the 15th working day and the end of the month following submission of the entry (for exports).
Please read the guidance on Registration for MSS Report before completing the Registration for MSS Report document .
Option 2
This solution applies to importers only. This involves including your 3 digit branch identifier number as part of the agent's reference in box 7 of the C88 customs declaration for example TGR12867498/002 or 001 - FWAYU561829. As box 7 of the declaration also appears on the C79 (a form detailing all your imports each month where VAT has been charged) this may help reconciliation of your imports against branches and may be used in conjunction with or instead of the MSS reports detailed above.
If you are a submitting trader/paying agent with branches who also acts as an agent to submit declarations on behalf of others or submits declarations for your own business:
- you need to acquire an EORI number for your parent company/head office if your details are required in box 2, 8 or 14 of the customs declaration
- you may continue to use your existing badge/role (to submit declarations) as well as access existing FAS accounts
This concession does not apply to any new badges/roles which are set up on Customs Handling of Import and Export Freight (CHIEF) after 1 April 2009 which will only be set up against an EORI number.
National Export System (NES)
If you are a NES trader (including normal and simplified procedure declarations) who migrated from multi TURNS to a single EORI number you may continue to use the roles and badges previously allocated to your branch or division TURNS. However you will only be allowed to use a registered EORI number in box 2 or 14 of the Customs Declaration (C88).
Computer software houses and CHIEF test system
Computer software houses can access to the CHIEF test system if they first apply for an EORI number then contact CHIEF Operations via email and request access to the facility.
The Isle of Man or Channel Islands
The UK and the Channel Islands are in the same Customs Union for duty and therefore in free circulation for Customs Duty purposes but we are not in the same fiscal territory, so the goods will not be in free circulation for VAT purposes. The goods will not be in free circulation whether VAT is due on import of the goods or not. An import document will be required for these goods for VAT purposes and therefore an EORI number must be obtained.
The same application procedure will apply if you are an EO in the Isle of Man, Jersey or Guernsey.


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©2013-2016 ichan-desu
Ugh I forgot to hit submit. I was in bed already akdjalksd/ Anyway here it is now. lol
I'm opening this type of commish. Go here
Vance belongs to me
Kyle belongs to the sweet *VanilleCream
Carter belongs to my homie *Zoidsfan507
Gnyt again ><
I'm opening this type of commish. Go here
Commission Idea!Okay gang so recently I've received a couple of notes asking for commissions, unfortunately I won't be able to open my regular commissions anytime soon : ( as I am currently catching up on my still long current list, and that I also decided not to accept anymore real life works so i can work full time on da commissions. I really hope I will clear them soon ugh. I've already sketched half of my list tho so I can see some progress somehow XD. I do need money however so I have thought of an idea that some of you might be interested in. I'll be opening a chest-up commissions with a different twist xD. I will call it " ichan's school of OCs" (eww). It will be like a yearbook or something. All your OCs will be drawn wearing a uniform that i designed myself lol. I got that idea because i thought it doesn't take a lot of time finishing it and will be easier to draw unlike doing pictures with BG and stuff that sometimes takes me 1-3 days OTL.
Anyway here's the sample:
Each of them will
Vance belongs to me
Kyle belongs to the sweet *VanilleCream
Carter belongs to my homie *Zoidsfan507
Gnyt again ><
Vance rocks.
Haha! I really like Carter's comment thing!
lmao at the title
Aaaw!!! They lokos amazing but.... Who are They ?!!!! ^^
Good job
Really nice!
Awesome idea !!!!
Really wonderful, nice example for commissions! Very nice.
Awesome ^_^
The title?
That is such a good idea for commissions! And yeah they all look super adorable and fabulous c:
*_* cute ...
Yay, I love your drawing style. Especially the tiny pupils lol
Really nice! Good job
this title fits the picture so well!
Why can't I hold all these waifus?! I LIKE ALL THREE OF THEM!


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PYONGYANG, north korea — A framed poster on the wall of a kindergarten classroom shows bright-eyed children brandishing rifles and bayonets as they attack a hapless American soldier, his face bandaged and blood spurting from his mouth.
"We love playing military games knocking down the American bastards," reads the slogan printed across the top. Another poster depicts an American with a noose around his neck. "Let's wipe out the U.S. imperialists," it says.
For North Koreans, the systematic indoctrination of anti-Americanism starts as early as kindergarten and is as much a part of the curriculum as learning to count.
Toy pistols, rifles and tanks sit lined up in rows on shelves. The school principal pulls out a dummy of an American soldier with a beaked nose and straw-colored hair and explains that the students beat him with batons or pelt him with stones — a favorite schoolyard game, she said.
For a moment, she is sheepish as she takes three journalists from The Associated Press, including an American, past the anti-U.S. posters. But Yun Song Sil is not shy about the message.
"Our children learn from an early age about the American bastards," she said, tossing off a phrase so common here that it is considered an acceptable way to refer to Americans.
North Korean students learn that their country has had two main enemies: the Japanese, who colonized Korea from 1910 to 1945, and the U.S., which fought North Korea during the 1950-53 Korean War.
They are told that North Korea's defense against outside forces — particularly the U.S., which has more than 28,000 soldiers in South Korea — remains the backbone of the country's foreign policy.
And they are bred to seek revenge, even as their government professes to want peace.
"They tell their people there can be no reconciliation with the United States," said American scholar Brian Myers, who dissected North Korean propaganda in his 2010 book "The Cleanest Race: How North Koreans See Themselves and Why It Matters." "They make it very clear to the masses that this hate will last forever."
In recent years, state propaganda has shifted away from the virulent anti-American slogans of the past and has instead emphasized building up the economy. On the streets of Pyongyang, anti-American posters have largely given way to images of soldiers in helmets and workers in factories.
But the posters and curricula at kindergartens remain unchanged. One glimpse inside a school, and it's clear that despite U.S.-North Korean diplomacy behind closed doors, 4-year-olds are still being taught that the "Yankee imperialists" are North Korea's worst enemy.
"The American imperialists and Japanese militarism are the sworn enemies of the North Korean people," reads a quote from late leader Kim Jong Il affixed to the top of a wall in Kaeson Kindergarten in central Pyongyang.
"The main theme of anti-American propaganda is not 'We must be ready for an attack' but 'We must be ready for revenge,' " Myers said. "People are being whipped up to hate the United States."