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CDI Corp. provides customer-focused engineering, information technology and staffing solutions. The company serves customers through offices and delivery centers in the United States (U.S.), Canada and the United Kingdom (UK). Segments The company's main segments are as follows: Global Engineering and Technology Solutions, Professional Services Staffing, and Management Recruiters International. Global Engineering and Technology Solutions: This segment provides engineering and information technology solutions for its customers that involve principally the production of deliverable work products or services performed at a facility or at a customer's facility under the supervision of the company's personnel. These solutions typically include analysis of a customer's engineering or information technology needs and the development of a solution that generally ranges in duration from various months to multiple years. Depending on the industry, engineering services can include feasibility studies, architectural and structural designs, technology assessments, conceptual designs, pricing studies, preliminary designs, execution planning, procurement optimization, detailed designs, testing and validations of regulatory compliance, technology integration and operating and maintenance support. Information technology services can include assessments, execution of business application services, Web development, service-desk support, quality assurance and testing and program management. This segment provides these solutions through a delivery model consisting of: centers of excellence, with concentrated skill sets required for larger, more complex projects; regional centers to service local needs of customers; and customer-centered offices to deliver site-specific services. Professional Staffing Services: This segment provides skilled technical and professional personnel to its customers for discrete periods of time to augment the customer's workforce in times of project, seasonal, peak period or business cycle needs. These engagements can range from various months to multiple years in duration. This segment also provides permanent placement services. This segment provides professional staffing services to targeted industries that include managed services and managed staffing programs, and functional staffing outsourcing. Management Recruiters International: This segment is a global franchisor that does business as MRINetwork and provides the use of its trademarks, business systems and training and support services to its franchisees who engage in the search and recruitment of executive, technical, professional and managerial personnel for employment by their customers. The MRI franchisees provide permanent placement services primarily under the brand names Management Recruiters, Sales Consultants and OfficeMates 5. Management Recruiters International also provides training and support, implementation services and back-office services to enable franchisees to pursue contract staffing opportunities. Business Strategy The key elements of the company's strategy include enhancing the operating performance of existing businesses and assets through select investment in growth-oriented resources and improvement of operational efficiency; expanding in specialized staffing and engineering market segments within certain of the company's existing business lines to improve the margin and growth profile of those businesses; growing the company's offering scope of value added services that provide more comprehensive solution opportunities to new and existing clients of the company; increasing selectively the company's geographic footprint to access new profitable growth opportunities and to support clients domestically and internationally; and utilizing active portfolio management to optimize the composition of the company's business portfolio in light of its strategy, including the use of corporate development initiatives, such as acquisitions, partnerships and joint business arrangements. Customers/Markets The company's customers consist primarily of: multi-national, national and regional companies; and U.S. Federal, state and local governments. The company provides its services to customers in the oil, gas and chemicals, aerospace and industrial equipment, and hi-tech industries. The company also does significant business in other industries, including the infrastructure, U.S. defense, and transportation industries. The company's major customer, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), accounted for approximately 19% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2014. Management Recruiters International provides trademarks and business systems, as well as service, training, support and ancillary services to franchisees. It also serves corporate, federal, state and municipal entities. Competition The company's primary competitors include Jacobs Engineering Group Inc.; AECOM Technology Corporation; Day & Zimmermann, Inc.; Gibbs and Cox, Inc.; Chicago Bridge & Iron Company N.V.; Belcan Corporation; S&B Engineers and Constructors, Ltd.; CIBER, Inc.; Computer Task Group, Inc.; ManpowerGroup, Inc.; Aerotek, Inc.; Adecco S.A.; Randstad Holding N.V.; Hays plc; Robert Half International, Inc.; Heidrick & Struggles International, Inc.; Korn/Ferry International; and Kforce, Inc. History CDI Corp. was founded in 1950. The company was incorporated in Pennsylvania in 1985.
cdi corp (CDI:New York Consolidated)
Contact Info
1717 Arch Street
35th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
United States
Phone: 215-569-2200
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As the diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Cuba strengthen, Americans are beginning to flock to the country to get a glimpse of the beauty that Ernest Hemingway famously described. We weren't any different. Once we arrived, we wanted to make sure that we didn't stay in hotels to get a better feel for the local lifestyle. We walked around for nearly 3 hours through the neighborhoods, knocking on doors, and asking for an open room with our … [Read more...]
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Discovering treasures in every port Embarking in Portugal upon our first-ever cruise, my husband and I looked forward to the quality and service that have earned Viking River Cruises their outstanding reputation. There were many aspects of this river cruise that we loved, and having a wealth of compelling shore excursion opportunities was a big part of the experience for us. Portugal is known for its famous explorers of centuries past who … [Read more...]
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Istanbul's Secret Gems Visitors to Istanbul have a general expectation of seeing an exotic place at the easternmost of Europe. This expectation is definitely appropriate but what the city offers is actually way beyond it. It is not for nothing that Istanbul is regarded as a city founded on two continents. The city offers its visitors many examples from both European and Asian cultures, acting as a bridge between them. Sometimes you feel … [Read more...]
Experience the Epic Fushimi Inari Shrine in Kyoto, Japan
I am Jacob Laukaitis, a 21 year old digital nomad, who's already been to more than 30 countries in the last 2 years. I love making videos of places I visit so here's one from my last trip to the Fushimi Inari Shrine in Kyoto, Japan. The shrine predates the year 794 when the capital of Japan was moved to Kyoto. This shrine sprawls entirely around the mountain featuring hundreds of small shrines, thousands of sculptures and more than 10,000 … [Read more...]
8 Things to do in Cambridge, UK
Cambridge is a tourist favourite here in the UK, and I should know having called this city home for almost 24 years now. The summertime seems to become increasingly busy year on year, sometimes I wonder just how everyone fits among the quaint cobbled streets of little Cambridge. It's no big surprise that this city is a popular destination, there's an abundance of rich history, world famous universities and of course the Cambridge punting … [Read more...]
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Montserrat Monastery by IsacGoulartWatch
©2012-2016 IsacGoulart
I went on a trip with a Korean friend through Europe two summers ago. One of our stops backpacking through Europe was Barcelona. Someone had mentioned this amazing monastery up in the Montserrat mountains and said it was worth the day trip to get there. So we went and it was definitely an incredible experience. The view was fantastic and the hike up the mountain was unforgettable.
- This image is the exclusive property of Isac Goulart and is protected under the United States and International Copyright laws.
The image may not be reproduced, copied, transmitted or manipulated without the written permission of Isac Goulart.
Bucket list item.
Fabulous view!
this place is really amazing!
This is great! What a unique perspective! Rarely do I see photos from such a vantage point. What distance captured here...could see for miles all the way to the horizon from way up there. Great choice of location to shoot this.
Very Nice,I bet it was worth the trip up. Always wanted to visit Barcelona, this photo solidifies that.
just stunning
i must say I envy you for being there
thank you for shareing that with us
thank you for shareing that with us
Beautiful photograph, but I bet it was an even more spectacular view to actually be there.
I'm amazed by your gallery, you have such inspiring photos!
Awesom picture!
Really wonderful! I like Montserrat's mountains!
Wonderful picture!!
Love the depth and the contrast between what is in the foreground and what is in the background.
i live so close to this, what an amazing photogragh!
Beautiful subject. Wonderful atmosphere!
This is such a breathtaking view- you are so lucky! Great photo of the view
such a stunning scenery! great photo!
And did you heard bells in Montserrat? Sound bounces off the mountains and the walls of the monastery and it seems that coming from the sky That's really amazing
Excellent work!
I can't stop looking at that sky. Did you have any kind of filter, or did it just pick up that way?
I stood in the exact same place in September of 2009 and I must say the view is worth the trip. We went by bus and I was so scared because becasuse the roads were so small! XD But definetly worth it. C:
Wow, this is absolutely breathtaking! I can't wait to take a look at some of your other works.
It's so fantastic!!
Incredible view, too bad the building is rather ugly :/
Wonderful shot !
I would have loved to have gone there, it looks fantastic.
Barcelona is incredible. I went ther last september...it was so awesome! But only for 5 days - i really wanna go there again this year...
there is sooo much to see... the city, the landscape... just WOW
And now, seeing ur Photo I want back there! And i realize it was a mistake, only to stay in the city and at the beach - next time I have to go more inside the land
there is sooo much to see... the city, the landscape... just WOW
And now, seeing ur Photo I want back there! And i realize it was a mistake, only to stay in the city and at the beach - next time I have to go more inside the land
Breath taking! Wow
wow, beautiful.
It's really very beautiful!
very lovely...
Nothing special about montserrat, pohyonsa is much better.
OMG, I live in Montserrat! :'D
Wow, amazing photo! I love it. It's so beautiful!
Wow, amazing photo! I love it. It's so beautiful!
wish I would have known about this place when I was in Barcelona. looks amazing!
I love Barcelona.... and this is gorgeous beyond words.
Best photo I've ever seen ! ;D
Could you imagine waking up to see this view everyday?
Wow, what a view! The colour of the sky is remarkable!
I live near there!! XD So happy to see Montserrat here! Such an amazing photo, as always


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Kevin Carson, an ordinary guy living in the projects, wins a $370 million lottery. Unfortunately, the claim office is closed for a long holiday weekend, and he must keep his good fortune a secret. But the news spreads like wildfire, and Kevin must figure out how to survive three days among the friends, family and neighbors who want a piece of the pie.
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Tian C Model
ConradModel Male London, England, United Kingdom My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/giovanni247
Mayhem # 1929831
About MeHi guys
Please check out this https://soundcloud.com/baitmancast and our latest productions
I'm looking for MUA's, Togs, film makers, clothing designers and some really hot bods (Male and Female) to work for TFP, showreels and in some cases paid shoots, regarding dance music videos for the future.
Selected individuals will work as part of a team in conjunction with myself and two of the UK's most influential up and coming "Ministry of Sound" Trance DJ Producers'.
We are currently working on a project and many future productions are in the pipeline. We'll be contacting those needed for future productions via message on here or Facebook, should you're criteria be perfect for the role.
If I have sent you a friend request, then you are already perfect and if I haven't, it's only because I haven't seen your profile yet. ;)
So, if I have sent you a friend request, it is primarily for the reason above and secondly for meeting new models to feature in future productions, when we shoot in more exotic, foreign locations.
We work on zero budget projects when possible and everyone involved works for the love of the music or to get exposure and build a CV in their respective roles.
No pay is expected or being given on any production, unless specified. So please click carefully before you get involved.
Should any of the music produced be a major success, then all involved will get paid accordingly, regardless of TFP or Showreels.
We look after our committed and dedicated crew.
If you're interested in then please send me a private message and I'll forward my email address.
Kind regards
Sorry to say, but I'm now unavailable for modelling work until 2014
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Easy Taco Salad Recipe
This salad goes over well at any social function. (Teenagers just love it!) I usually double the recipe because it disappears so fast.—Faye Shaw, Medicine Hat, Alberta
- 1 pound ground beef
- 1 package (1-1/4 ounces) taco seasoning
- 1 medium head lettuce, shredded
- 2 medium tomatoes, seeded and chopped
- 1 cup bottled Catalina dressing
- 4 to 5 cups corn chips, crushed
- 2 cups (8 ounces) shredded cheddar cheese
- 1. In a skillet, brown ground beef; drain well. Stir in taco seasoning. Combine beef, lettuce, tomatoes, dressing, corn chips and cheese in a large serving bowl; toss well to mix. Serve immediately. Yield: 6-8 servings.
Reviews for Easy Taco Salad
© 2016 RDA Enthusiast Brands, LLC


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Bertram van Munster
Bertram van Munster is a producer and writer, known for The Amazing Race (2001), The Amazing Race Canada (2013) and The Amazing Race Australia (2011). He is married to Elise Doganieri. See full bio »
Born:Bertram van Munster
More at IMDbPro » Contact Info: View agent, legal and company
Represent Bertram van Munster? Add or change photos


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OK so when it comes to the Tracker Time blogs I have covered boats from Tracker, Mako, Grizzly, Regency and Ascend. That has left me with a couple companies that I have not taken a deeper look at concerning just one of the many awesome vessels they offer. This month, with the weather so nice my mind slips to thinking about getting away for a trip. A trip to Tahoe sounds nice, and so does taking a look at the Tahoe brand of boats. But where to begin? I mean we have a few of them at our location and they always get my attention. But when I started to check out the Tahoe 195, I knew I had my star for this month's Tracker Time blog.
The Tahoe 195 is considered a deck boat, which makes it great for a few different options. You can fish out of it, you can be towed behind it and you can just lay out on it! You can calmly cruise the water or tear it up with the 220HP Mercury® engine. You'll notice quickly how easy it is to fall in love with this boat and then fall asleep in it. The interior is comfy and very roomy. This makes it especially nice for the do-all boater because you never know who you are going to be taking out with you.
It comes with a removable table and plenty of storage. There is storage under most of the seating and there are even special in-floor storage spots for skis or a trolling motor! Head towards the back and you will find a refreshment center that even has a 5gal sink with sprayer! For the fishing trips there are two moveable chairs that can be stowed while not in use. There is also an aerated live well and 3 rod holders. The boat itself is roughly 20 feet. It can hold up to 8 people. It comes with a 36 gallon tank. The aft swim platform with boarding ladder and Bluetooth®-capable AM/FM stereo with MP3 & USB ports might just be your favorite parts about this boat.
So next time you are thinking about hitting the water in style, think about the Tracker 195. It may be the best decision you have made in quite some time!
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Mako 17 Skiff Grizzly Sportsman 1860 CC Wildcat Special Edition Regency 254 DL3


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As a big Kaufman fan, I fully expected there to be a mention of LSD somewhere when he described his creative process. His creativity is unmatched in this day and age, judging by the genius of Malkovich, Eternal Sunshine and especially Adaptation. JJ – The Dude dudeofthehouse.blogspot.com http://www.facebook.com/TheDudeOfTheHouse Twitter: DudeOfTheHouse
The screenwriting rules of Charlie Kaufman
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David Jenkins speaks to the maverick American writer
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Great article. Charlie Kaufman is my favorite screenwriter. His scripts are so unique. As a novice screenwriter, I have studied his scripts in order to help me to tap into my imagination. It's not an easy task because we're programmed in school at an early age to conform and not explore our inner soul, our creative side.


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Produced from 60% garnacha, 20% tempranillo and 20% viura. This is the current rosé, just released in spring 2007! A must try, love-it-or leave-it style. I find this wine a little, dare I say, young. A beautiful coppery color, this is traditional Rioja rosado at its best. (Joe Manekin, K&L Wines) 91 points Stephen Tanzer's International Wine Cellar: "Copper-tinged pink. Smoky redcurrant and dried cherry aromas are complicated by dried rose, cinnamon, cured meat, iodine and mocha; this is one crazy nose. Fleshy dried red fruit flavors gain sweetness with air, picking up deeper cherry, toasted nut and candied anise qualities on the back end. The smooth finish features a late mineral kick. Utterly singular wine, and rose in name and color only." (Jun 08) 90 points Wine & Spirits: "Fully mature, this pale rosé is infused with Middle-Eastern spice. There's cherry red fruit that comes up behind it, tight and floral. Serve it with roast lamb or shwarma." (12/07)
The item you have chosen is not in stock in our retail stores or within our main warehouse.
1999 Bodegas Puelles Gran Reserva Rioja
2005 Bodegas Casa Juan Señor de Lesmos Reserva Rioja
2009 Can Mayol Loxarel "Gran Reserva de Familia" Brut Nature Penedes
2005 La Rioja Alta "Viña Ardanza" Reserva Rioja
2005 Bodega Casa Juan Señor de Lesmos Reserva Especial Rioja


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Welcome to Tesco Wine by the case.
We hope you enjoy your visit.
Sorry, this product is currently unavailableWhy not try Tesco Cava Demi Sec 75cl?
Reference number 063937679
Based on 1 Review | Login to write a review
Special Offer - 50% off
Was £60.00 per case
Now £30.00 per case
Equivalent to £5.00 per bottle
You save £30.00 per case
30 Clubcard Points
Cono Sur's sparkling wine is lively and radiant.
Its aromas reveal great expression of fresh fruit, mixed with the complexity and elegance of honey, white flowers, and notes of yeast.
A fresh palate, with good acidity, balanced and complex, displays an extremely elegant and delicate sparkle.
This wine can be drunk now but will further improve if carefully stored for up to 1 year
Extended product information
If you require further product information, including information about allergens in this wine,
Enjoy Responsibly
Cono Sur Vineyards & Winery was founded in 1993, with the vision of producing premium, expressive and innovative wines that convey the spirit of the New World. Our name refers to the company's geographic position in South America's Southern Cone. Our main goal, therefore, is to create expressive and innovative wines from the world's southernmost land.
Adolfo Hurtado
The Bío-Bío valley constitutes Chile's last winegrowing frontier and Mulchén, in the southern part of Bío-Bío, it is one of the southernmost origins in the world. This is a place of cold, challenging weather and stunning beauty. Cono Sur vineyards are planted in red soils, clayish and mineral, ideal for aromatic whites and provides the foundations for the Cono Sur Sparkling Brut.
£30.00 per case
Equivalent to £5.00 per bottle
30 Clubcard Points
Only £5 a bottle
£30.00 per case
Equivalent to £5.00 per bottle
30 Clubcard Points
£42.00 per case
Equivalent to £7.00 per bottle
42 Clubcard Points


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Stephen's mother has a big stall in Kitengela, where she does tailoring. She decided to partition off a section of her stall, where Stephen started selling school uniforms on her behalf. After a probationary period of eight months, his mother noticed that Stephen was a very good salesman and that he interacted with the customers well. His mother gave him a loan of Ksh 40,000 (US$ 570) so that he could purchase tailoring accessories and sell them in his section of their stall. He sold the entire inventory within one month and his mother was very impressed, especially when he immediately repaid half of the loan (Ksh 20,000). Stephen's mother saw his determination and told him not to repay the outstanding balance of his loan, but rather to increase his stock for the business. This activity was all in August 2007, and since then his business has grown tremendously.
With the blessings of his mother, Ndumi Mutua, who has also benefited from a Kiva loan, Stephen would like Kiva to help him become a shining example to his fellow young men in Kitengela. He is therefore requesting a loan of US$ 750. With this loan Stephen will be able to purchase hooks, canvas, threads, materials for uniforms, buttons, and linings. These materials will greatly improve his business since customers will have access to a wide variety and they will save time and money. Normally, customers in Kitengela have to travel to Nairobi in order to buy school uniforms. Stephen intends to repay this loan within a period of 10 months.
About Kenya
1010View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 13 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Disbursed:
- Dec 4, 2007
- Listed
- Nov 20, 2007
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Covered
- Ended:
- Oct 5, 2008


text:
So where do I go from here? Do I set up interviews to meet these drs? Or is that not done? Do I just call their offices and explain to the receptionist that I'm trying to possibly have Dr. so and so circumcise my baby?
Also wondering about the timeline... my babies will probably be born in early to mid Dec. When do I need to start getting it touch with these doctors? I would love to wait until Oct 28, when I'm done working at my job and will have actual time to make calls to dr offices and interview the drs if that's needed.
Any and all advice would be much appreciated, especially from those who've been in my situation. Thank you so much!


text:
Visita su página web en español AQUÍ.
Special opportunity: May 9th-13th, 2016 is available for a four or five day Outdoor School program.
Due to a schedule change, the week of May 9th-13th, 2016 has become available. If your school is not currently scheduled for the 2015-2016 school year and would like to attend please contact Pam Gambonini at firstname.lastname@example.com
Walker Creek Ranch is home to the Marin County Outdoor School and Conference Center. Owned and operated by the Marin County Office of Education we are located fifteen miles west of Petaluma. Our 1700 acre site includes forest, chaparral, grassland, and riparian ecosystems. These natural areas serve as an ideal setting for our residential outdoor education program, and for conference, wedding and retreat groups. Our site also hosts 20 miles of hiking trails, a four acre pond, an organic garden, and a low-ropes challenge course.
During a week of Outdoor Education, students learn about the natural world through hands-on experience and exploration of our diverse property. Our curriculum is aligned with Next Generation Science Standards, and tailored to serve public and private elementary schools throughout Northern California. Our program is designed to encourage a deeper connection to nature and inspire stewardship of our earth. Each year over 5,000 students join us for a week of discovery, learning and community building while experiencing the magic of nature.
To ensure a peaceful environment for our wildlife and guests, pets are not permitted on-site.
Registered service animals are welcome with a handler.


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Ryan Dunlap // Daros Films
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Full-time film director from Tulsa, OK now working in Nashville, TN for BrightBulb Entertainment. I've directed feature films both narrative and documentary as well as written and produced short films that have gone viral.
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Analysis: Parabolic Power Curve
Inexact title. See the list below. We don't have an article named Analysis/ParabolicPowerCurve, exactly. We do have:
If you meant one of those, just click and go. If you want to start a Analysis/ParabolicPowerCurve page, just click the edit button above. Be careful, though, the only things that go in the Main namespace are tropes. Don't put in redirects for shows, books, etc.. Use the right namespace for those.


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Home > Crime + Thriller
Meet Callaghan, a hard-drinking, drug-fuelled, womanising no-good son-of-a-bitch. He's the amoral hardcore photographer for Black & White, the tabloid rag that tells it as it is. Or at least, how it should be.
Callaghan's in way too deep with Mia, his Mexican stripper girlfriend... and even deeper with Sophie, estranged wife to Vladimir "Vodka" Katchevsy, infamous Romanian gun-runner and self-eulogising expert at human problem solving. People start to die. And Callaghan's caught in the middle. A situation even his Porsche GT3, Canary Wharf Penthouse suite and corrupt politician contacts can't solve.
At the nadir of his downward spiral, Callaghan is approached by a man: a serial killer who brings him a very unique and dangerous proposition...
"Remic writes books that dont hang about. His prose is solid and easy to read, its unlikely to win any literary awards but its perfectly suited to this kind of story. Violence, blood and sex are his forte and he uses them well... Did I enjoy it? Yes I did, the humour works, the violence is quite lovingly and inventively described and even the sex scenes are done well. If you like bastards doing bastardly things to each other with a smattering of sex and much use of profanity, then I think youll dig this."- A Gathering of Opinions
"Serial Killers Inc is a fast paced, high octane, no holds barred rollercoaster of a story that twists and turns like a rattlesnake on speed. This is a story not for the faint of heart, or those who are easily offended, as we are shown the seedier side of life in all its unadulterated glory... Overall a great story and I love the fact that none of the central characters are safe which keeps you on the edge of your seat. Go out and buy this. It's the closest you'll get to an adrenalin rush sitting in your living room."- Geek Syndicate
"Ive read all of Mr Remics work and this is without doubt one of the darkest things he has ever written. It is brutal and raw and I was immediately caught up in it. Characters suffer physically and psychologically, no-one walks away unscathed. The secrets that are exposed have lasting effects and repercussions. I think its fair to say I was totally unprepared for where the novel ended up ... A word of advice, this is not a novel for the faint of heart as it deals with some very adult themes. The violence is graphic and unrelenting, the sex is explicit and the language is enough to make my mother blush. I should point out that my mother has a mouth on her like a sailor on shore leave."- The Eloquent Page
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Liam Parker returns to Gen Con for the debut of his first game and runs into an old enemy...
Dangerous Games: How to Play - Matt Forbeck£3.25Add to Basket
Murder comes to Gen Con, the largest tabletop gaming convention in the world, and this time it's no game.


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IBM's Watson Will Morph Polite Pepper Into an Ultra-Intelligent Evil Genius
Pepper is super cute and remarkably well-mannered... for now.
Pepper is super cute and remarkably well-mannered... for now.
Engineers hope that the new standard will help push chip design even further.
In the future, that artificial intelligence could lead to cleaner air for the long haul, everywhere.
The supercomputer can even give feedback on how to improve writing.
The transistor strands on this chip are just over twice the diameter of strands of DNA – like, ugh, really small.
You may have assumed CDs killed off magnetic tape but, believe it or not, magnetic tape is still alive and well when it comes to data storage, mostly because it's so cheap.
Blockchain provides solution to lots of problems that cryptocurrency produces. It's essentially a bookkeeping system, but don't let that boring name put you off this very interesting system.
Green Dino here is powered by IBM's Watson supercomputer, which lets it learn and adapt to your child over time, kind of like a self-aware Furby.
A Saul Goodman algorithm with added social conscience.
MobileFirst for iOS hands key iDevice features to industry.
It's arguably the most powerful natural-language supercomputer in the world, and thanks to a new public beta, its number-crunching abilities are open to all.
IBM Research India found that 70 per cent of discarded laptop batteries were still functional enough to take on a second life.
A startup called Pathway Genomics is teaming up with IBM to create a fitness and diet tracking app that uses DNA sequencing and Watson's intelligence to give custom health recommendations.
This cocktail concocted by IBM's Watson isn't half bad. Look out mixologists, the computers are running for your jobs.
Gather round, loyal workers and company envoys! Doff your caps, freshen your snuff, and pat down your side parts for a rousing singalong from Songs of the IBM, a 1937 book of songs that sing the praises of our illustrious employer: The EVER ONWARD I.B.M.
Cognitive computing has been one of our most exciting frontiers for years. It's enticing to think that we can someday build a computer that's as powerful and as efficient as a brain. IBM's latest miracle chip just got us closer than ever – squeezing one million neurons into one stamp-sized chip.


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Burkle's Coup
The Clinton camp is about to get control of the tabs.
Illegal immigration could be the issue that manages to separate the GOP both from the Dems and from President Bush.
Dems Carville and Greenberg try to sound the warning. Note that in their survey "40 percent of Democrats and a majority of African-Americans" support, not "comprehensive reform," but a "tougher Republican alternative that provided no path to legalization." And, as Jim Geraghty notes, independent voters are more upset about illegals than Iraq! ... [E.A.]
**--Headline corrected; I had erroneously put "endorses" instead of "embraces." 1:21 A.M. link
Wednesday, October 31, 2007
The Missing Mexcians, Part XVIII:Instapundit observes the changing American workforce firsthand. ... 12:44 P.M.
The conservatives at The Corner sense general election vulnerability in Hillary's it-makes-sense-but-I-don't-support-it answer on Gov. Spitzer's plan to issue drivers licenses to illegal immigrants. (Video here.) She loses her calm and gets mildly imperious. ... Hillary does quite consistently and unflipfloppily say she supports "comprehensive immigration reform." But a) even if no Democrat will call her on that (as Dodd called her on the drivers' license issue) a Republican might. Unfortunately for Republicans, only one of their top five contenders (Thompson) is well-positioned as a clear opponent of "comprehensive" reform's mass legalization plan. And b) even after that mass legalization, there would still be illegal immigrants--those who come in after the law's cutoff date or who don't comply with its other requirements. Do they get driver's licenses or not? The license issue wouldn't be made to disappear by "comprehensive reform," despite Hillary's implicit assertion that it would. ... 3:31 A.M. link


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Top Definition
No one really knows what it means but it's a phrase that Me'shell uses when she's drunk
"Wage to your nothies!"
by James Go! January 06, 2008
Type your email address below to get our free Urban Word of the Day every morning!
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The unions have become blatantly political organizations that spend most of their time and resources trying to maintain their domination of public schools and school budgets. When an occassional reformer, like Wisconsion Gov. Scott Walker, comes along and questions their self-serving agendas, they turn into political assasination machines.
And they are not ashamed to use taxpayer-funded schools to push their agendas.
The latest evidence comes from Milwaukee Teachers Education Association President Bob Peterson, who boasted this week about his union's efforts to sway voters, including high school students, to recall Walker in today's election. It was first reported by EAGnews.org .
See the exclusive video here.
Specifically, Peterson bragged about a district-wide program to put flyers of union propaganda in the backpacks of students. He also claimed credit for the union's effort to physically drive parents and students to the polls to vote.
"We are, as a union, making some changes. We're talking about reinventing ourselves and one of the things we've done this year is put full effort into changing the political process. ... We got the district to pass out flyers to every K-8 student - the backpack flyer - to go home that says 'go vote.' We have teachers that organized buses at schools to bring parents out, high school students out. And finally, for the next 48 hours, that's what we're going to be doing - just get out to vote."
While the message "go vote" may seem innocent enough, everyone knows what Peterson and his union are talking about. They have blatantly campaigned for Walker's removal for months, and are perfectly aware that Milwaukee has millions of registered voters who identify with the Democratic Party. A big turnout in Milwaukee could play a major role in the outcome of the recall election.
If Milwaukee were awash with pro-Walker Republicans, there would be no union effort to get out the vote.
None of this should be surprising. Peterson and his union hate Act 10, Walker's legislation that allows cash-strapped school boards to rein in runaway labor costs and spend more money on students without union permission. Before Act 10, schools were forced to make budget cuts that hurt students, because local unions refused to make financial concessions to help schools maintain basic services.
And union political activism goes far beyond the Walker recall. Peterson represents a growing sector of union leaders who believe they can - and must - shift culture leftward through government schools. And he wants to indoctrinated students into believing unions and big government will save America. He has previously been quoted as saying:
"If teacher unions want to be strong and well supported, it is essential that they not only be teacher unionists, but teachers of unionism. We need to create a generation of students who support teachers and the movement for workers rights, oppressed peoples' rights. That's our responsibility."
In an EAGnews exclusive video late last year, unrepentant domestic terrorist and Marxist Bill Ayers beamed when he told a Milwaukee crowd that Peterson had solicited his help in running for the union presidency. Ayers hosted a fundraiser at his Hyde Park home in Chicago for Peterson.
See the exclusive video here.
Progressives believe it is their right to use government schools to push their personal political agenda. It doesn't bother them one iota to use taxpayer-funded schools to recall a governor. Will the union's efforts to indoctrinate our kids against free markets and reformist public officials like Scott Walker prevail? We'll know very soon.
Kyle is founder of Education Action Group and EAGnews.org, a news service dedicated to education reform and school spending research, reporting, analysis and commentary.
He is co-author of Glenn Beck's "Conform: Exposing the Truth About Common Core and Public Education," available at Amazon.com.
Kyle is a contributor to Townhall.com.
He has made appearances on the Fox News Channel, The Blaze, Fox Business Network, NPR and MSNBC. Kyle has given scores of interviews on talk radio programs coast to coast.
Kyle likes talking about his family, as well as his favorite music. Bob Dylan, Mark Knopfler, Neil Young and Johnny Cash are at the top of the list. He has attended 25 Bob Dylan shows.
Kyle can also be found on Facebook and Twitter.
Team Jeb: Rubio is a phony on family values given some of the hip-hop he listens to; Update: Team Jeb responds | Allahpundit


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Business is booming at the GE Aviation plant in New Hampshire, but it's having trouble drawing young workers.
Update 3:39 p.m.: Federal law enforcement officials say the man accused in a shooting rampage at the Washington Navy Yard that left at least 12 people dead has been identified as Aaron Alexis.
The two officials spoke Monday to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly.
One of those officials says Alexis was a 34-year-old from Texas. He is believed to have a criminal record there and to be a holder of a concealed carry weapon permit.
That official says Alexis is believed to have gotten into the Navy Yard by using someone else's identification card. It is not yet clear if that individual was an accomplice or if that person's ID card was stolen.
Note: To hear the 3 p.m. interview with WAMU's Patrick Madden, click the play button below the headline at the top of the page.
Update 2:56 p.m.: Police say a man in a tan, military-style outfit who had been sought in connection with the shooting rampage at the Washington Navy Yard has been identified and is not a suspect or a person of interest in the slayings.
Update 2:16 p.m.: Police say at least 12 people have died in the shootings at the Washington Navy Yard.
D.C. Police Chief Cathy Lanier said during a news conference Monday that 12 people were confirmed dead.
Lanier says people are being told to stay in their homes and out of the area as authorities search for two other possible suspects. One of the shooters has died.
The police chief says officers are searching for two other people with firearms wearing military-style uniforms.
She says there is no indication of a possible motive at this time.
Update 1:45 p.m.: As many as three gunmen opened fire Monday inside one of the Navy's oldest buildings, attacking office workers at a heavily guarded military facility in the heart of the nation's capital. At least six people were killed.
One of the gunmen was dead, and police were searching for two other men believed to have joined in the attack at the Washington Navy Yard. The suspects were reportedly dressed in military-style clothing, including one who had on a beret.
In all, more than a dozen people were shot, at least half of them fatally. It was not immediately clear whether that number included the dead gunman.
The attack unfolded just a short distance from the White House and the U.S. Capitol at a former shipyard that is one of the Navy's oldest shore facilities.
The building that was targeted was the military's headquarters for Naval Sea Systems Command, which buys, builds and maintains ships, submarines and combat systems. About 3,000 people work at the headquarters, many of them civilians.
Witnesses described a gunman opening fire from a fourth-floor overlook, aiming down on people in the first-floor cafeteria. Others said a gunman fired at them in a third-floor hallway.
It was not clear whether the witnesses on different floors were describing the same gunman.
As emergency vehicles and law enforcement officers flooded streets around the complex, a helicopter hovered overhead, nearby schools were locked down and airplanes at nearby Reagan National Airport were briefly grounded so they would not interfere with law-enforcement choppers. Less than 2 miles away, security was beefed up at the Capitol and other federal buildings, but officials said there was no known threat.
President Barack Obama mourned yet another mass shooting in the U.S. that he said took the lives of American patriots. Obama promised to make sure "whoever carried out this cowardly act is held responsible."
Two Navy officials confirmed at least six people had died. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to talk about the situation publicly.
Todd Brundidge, an executive assistant with Navy Sea Systems Command, said he and other co-workers encountered a gunman in a long hallway on the third floor. The gunman was wearing all blue, he said.
"He just turned and started firing," Brundidge said.
Terrie Durham, an executive assistant with the same agency, said she also saw the gunman firing toward her and Brundidge.
"He aimed high and missed," she said. "He said nothing. As soon as I realized he was shooting, we just said, `Get out of the building."'
Rick Mason, a civilian program-management analyst for the Navy, said a gunman was shooting from the overlook in the hallway outside his office.
Shortly after the gunfire, Mason said, someone on an overhead speaker told workers to seek shelter and later to head for the gates at the complex.
Patricia Ward, a logistics-management specialist, said she was in the cafeteria getting breakfast.
"It was three gunshots straight in a row – pop, pop, pop. Three seconds later, it was pop, pop, pop, pop, pop, so it was like about a total of seven gunshots, and we just started running," Ward told reporters several blocks away from the Navy Yard.
Ward said security officers started directing people out of the building with guns drawn.
One person died at George Washington University Hospital of a single gunshot wound to the left temple, said Dr. Babak Sarani, director of trauma and acute care surgery. A police officer and two civilian women were in critical condition at Washington Hospital Center, said Janis Orlowski, the hospital's chief operating officer.
Orlowski said the police officer was in the operating room with gunshot wounds to the legs. One woman had a gunshot wound to the shoulder. The other had gunshot wounds to the head and hand.
Update 12:48 p.m.: President Barack Obama is mourning what he called "yet another mass shooting" in the United States that he says took the life of American patriots. Obama promised to make sure "whoever carried out this cowardly act is held responsible." The Washington Navy Yard is about 3 1/2 miles from the White House.
Update 12:36 p.m.: Authorities say they are looking for two additional suspects in the shooting rampage at the Washington Navy Yard. District of Columbia Police Chief Cathy Lanier says witnesses reported seeing two additional gunmen, both dressed in military-style clothing.
Update 12:03 p.m.: Navy officials say at least 6 people are dead in the Navy Yard shooting.
Update 11:37 a.m.: A federal law enforcement official says the shooter at the Washington Navy Yard has died.
Update 11:07 a.m.: Officials say police are looking into the possibility of a second shooter at the Navy Yard where several people have been reported killed.
Update 10:30 a.m.: President Barack Obama is getting frequent briefings on a deadly shooting at the Washington Navy Yard.
10:25 a.m. via AP: A Defense Department official says several people have been killed and as many as 10 have been wounded in a shooting at the Washington Navy Yard.
The official spoke on condition of anonymity Monday because the official was not authorized to discuss the matter publicly.
The official also says the shooter is "contained" but not yet in custody.
Earlier in the day, the U.S. Navy said it was searching for an active shooter at the Naval Sea Systems Command headquarters, where about 3,000 people work.
The exact number of people killed and the conditions of those wounded was not immediately known.
From NPR and WBUR Boston, I'm Robin Young.
I'm Meghna Chakrabarti, in for Jeremy Hobson. It's HERE AND NOW. At least 12 people have been killed in a shooting at the Washington Navy Yard in the nation's capital today. Police say an alleged shooter is also dead. The scene of the shooting is located near Nationals Baseball Park. Here's Police Chief Cathy Lanier.
CHIEF CATHY LANIER: Right now we have an impact to the area. Obviously a large part of the area is still on lockdown. We're still asking residents to stay out of the area and remain in your home.
CHAKRABARTI: Three thousand people work at the Navy Yard. Terry Dunham(ph) told ABC News what she saw when a shooter came into her office.
TERRY DUNHAM: He was far enough down the hall that we couldn't see his face, but we could see him with a rifle, and he raised and aimed at us and fired, and he hit high on the wall.
CHAKRABARTI: Joining us on the line is Patrick Madden, who's a reporter with NPR member station WAMU in Washington. And Patrick, what is the latest on - I heard that police have been looking for additional suspects. What do we know about that search?
PATRICK MADDEN, BYLINE: Well actually some new information has just come out in regards to that search. Now initially police said they were looking for potentially two other possible gunmen. Now they are saying that one of the people that they have been looking for, he's been described as a white male in a tan outfit, well, he is no longer considered a suspect or a person of interest. But that means that they are still looking for another individual, another possible shooter described as a black male, around 40 to 50 years old, in olive-style military uniform.
And again, we just had a press conference with Police Chief Cathy Lanier and Mayor of Washington Vincent Gray, and 12 dead, and that includes the gunman. And that figure, that's a lot larger than what people had been reporting earlier in the day. So it sounds like this is very significant casualties in the building.
Also spoke with D.C. Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton. She is the District's congresswoman. And she said that she does not believe that this is terrorism-related, but Chief Lanier was careful to say during the press conference that they are not - they don't know what the motive of this mass shooting is yet.
CHAKRABARTI: So - but yet a high casualty number. Do we know anything more about the shooter who police have said has been killed?
MADDEN: We don't. I mean, there are reports out there about who this person may potentially be or not be. But as in what happened in the past, some of those reports were quickly retracted. So at this point I'm not - I'm hesitant to say anything other than, you know, they have not confirmed this alleged shooter, the identity of him.
CHAKRABARTI: Completely understandable, as the story has been evolving over the past many hours. But Patrick, you've been - have you spoken to any eyewitnesses or people who have come out of the building? What have they said about what they saw transpired inside?
MADDEN: Yeah, there has been some really harrowing accounts from people that were in there. I spoke with one person who worked on the floor, this is the fourth floor of this military installation, and that's where the shooting took place. And he described just hearing the shots and then heading - basically heading - there was sort of a frantic rush to get out of there.
And he says that he heard from someone else that the shooter at one point was aiming the weapon down into the atrium on the first floor, and there have been other people that have been talking about shootings that took place on the same floor. So it sounds like as more and more people come out to talk about what happened, it's really going to be a very disturbing scene.
YOUNG: Now Patrick, this is a shooting that's taken place on a United States military installation, a very secure facility, I might imagine. Do we know anything more about the security measures in place or questions being raised about how the shooter or shooters even entered the naval yard?
MADDEN: That's a good point. This was a very secure facility, and in fact D.C. has become a very - there's a lot of security wherever you go in the District. Usually you have to show your ID wherever you go. And I talked to several people who said you would have to show your security badge and a security ID to get into this building. So this is not someplace where you could just walk into.
So that's something that they're going to be looking at, and Congresswoman Norton, who plays a very heavy role in sort of federal property in D.C., and there's a lot of these buildings, so she said this is one of the most secure buildings around. So how this happened and sort of what these - what the gunmen or possibly two gunmen were able to - how they were able to do that, they're going to be looking at that very carefully.
CHAKRABARTI: Patrick, in the 15 seconds or so we've got, it's a very crowded neighborhood, as well. How are people in the neighborhood responding to this?
MADDEN: Well again right now it's like a ghost town. There's no one in the street. The police have cordoned off all - a lot of the area. People who work in this area have been told to basically stay where they are, to shelter in place. So again, this is an up-and-coming neighborhood, but right now there isn't anyone sort of out in the street because everyone has been told to stay away.
CHAKRABARTI: Patrick Madden is a reporter with NPR member station WAMU in Washington. Patrick, thank you so much.
MADDEN: Yeah, thanks a lot. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
Robin Young and Jeremy Hobson are hitting the road. Our Tumblr brings you behind the scenes of our election coverage.


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Workrite Verano LED under-cabinet lighting has a sleek profile and uses significantly less energy than traditional fluorescent fixtures. With next-generation LED's, the Verano has superior light output, bringing the brightness and warmth of natural sunlight to your desktop. With the low electricity demand and manufacturing process that uses less raw material than comparable fluorescent lighting, the Verano is eco-friendly as well as functional. Scroll down to see more Workrite Verano LED under-cabinet lighting features and specifications.Read More...
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Three lengths of Workrite Verano lights are available.
Single units of these may be ordered, or these lights may be ordered as daisy chains of multiple units.
Three color finishes can be ordered. All finishes use water-based paint.
Workrite Verano lights come with magnetic mounts to attach easily to steel shelving as well as mounts for wood shelves. The fixture rotates ± 20° and slides back and forth to focus light where users need it. Verano fixtures may be installed alone or in daisy chains for larger spaces. They come in sizes to fit shelves of 24", 36" and 48" in length and with a Winter, Sterling or Carbon finish. Verano light fixtures are designed to last 20 years and have a 50,000 hour usable life. These Workrite lights have the durability and performance to remain an energy-efficient office lighting solution for years. See the color options tab for color choices.
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Jeff Beresini
3 Stars
Cool but warm!
May 22, 2013
Installed under cabinet for task lighting on my desk. Great light and functionality. Two points you need to be aware of: 1. The product gets HOT! The working surface of the fixture stays cool to the touch, but there is a lot of heat generated from the LED junctions on the mounting side of the fixture (not unusual for LED products). 2. Because of the heat, I chose to mount the product using the offset clips. I'd like to say the clips were easy to slip into the fixture housing after mounting, but it took a "gentle nudge" from a rubber mallet to seat. A better approach would have been to disconnect the clip into its two pieces, fit the part that attaches to the fixture first (to reduce possible breakage of the clip) and then mark and mount the portion of the clip that attaches to the cabinet surface. None of this was provided in the instructions; and the offset mounting allows for air circulation around the hot portion of the fixture.


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Whoever wrote this article is simply misinformed, or to be rude, plain stupid about the laws of physics. Improving battery energy density at a constant 7-8 percent each year is never going to happen.
Someone once said "those that know how to communicate don't know science" and "those that know science don't know how to communication". Definitely a lack of understanding physics here !!
I vote ... Musk's Law
Barnum's (PT) law?
How about the "Envia Law?" After all, Envia Systems is seemingly leading the way in battery breakthroughs...
EV will never have a market share >2% under any circumstances, It took >15 month for A123 share price to drop 90%, it will only take Tesla 3 month to achieve the same thing.
I am PhD in battery technology! My suggestion: short TSLA!!!!
Nikolas law
If in 10 years the batteries prices for EV come down and EV can go more than 200 miles per charge. Why don't they lower EV prices and
batteries prices now and make EVs less expansive and more people can buy and help to improve air quality now instead in 10-15 years from now. Who knows what will happen to global warming in 10-15 years? The world maybe too warm to the point that we will slowly die who knows? It is sad that US gov't made lowest interest loans to these EV companies to make EVs that only the rich can afford. What is going on with our gov't in term of puting 1million EVs on the road now instead in 10-15 years? We have technologies to make EVs now but these selfish EV companies want to make so much profit so they have to sell EVs at higher prices. Tesla mentioned that it sell its EV higher price and require $5000 or more deposit so that it can use those deposit to make EVs. What about $430 million from US gov't ? Are these Ev companies care more about global warming or about being rich ?
Yes our professors in analytical chemistry class vowed that batteries could never improve as there were no chemistries better than existing batteries. Our professors in analytical chemistry were imbeciles. This writer observes the fact that improvements in range per dollar are taking place and makes a naive projection out ten years.
Sam sok appears to be a youngster ignorant of economics (or a foolhardy communist--maybe both). The risk of missing the writer's estimates are great enough that capital will not move there at this time. The USA's investments in electric cars has been economically disruptive like a bull in a china shop, with regulations and requirements demanding time from managers already overwhelmed. Clearly, the Department of Energy's own hideously expensive forays taught it little. Perhaps a government effort to produce it's own electric cars (such as for the US Post Office) is in order to utilize currently underutilized resources of the federal government? That experience might sober them enough to allow existing private efforts to continue with less stringent government interference.
The answer to the problem is easy. The government mandates MPG standards for IC cars, and they don't care about technical feasibility or cost when they do it. They could just mandate that every EV battery run 1000 miles on a 5 minute charge, problem solved.
SIMPLE ANSWER - Create "Tesla Towers" in Highly Populated and Rural Regions where the Batteries could be charged Wirelessly... Just like Tesla said 100 Years Ago...
Driver's Seat is a blog featuring news, views, and advice about cars, auto safety, driving, and transportation. Driver's Seat is written by Jonathan Welsh with contributions from auto critic Dan Neil, columnist Joe White and Wall Street Journal staffers and others.


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Twitter transparency report finds government requests for data on the rise
28 Jan 2013
Governmental requests for user data on the rise
28 Jan 2013
Governmental requests for user data on the rise
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Are you Hai-Bin Ni?Claim your profile
Publications (18)30.64 Total impact
Article: Efficacy of Continuous Regional Arterial Infusion With Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for Severe Acute Pancreatitis in a Porcine Model[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Administration of heparin or its derivatives has been proved to be beneficial in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). However, drugs administered by conventional intravenous way are difficult to reach the pancreatic tissue and may cause bleeding complications due to coagulation and microcirculatory disturbance following initiation of SAP. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) administered with continuous regional arterial infusion (CRAI) technique in a porcine model of SAP. Following baseline measurements, 18 animals were divided into 3 groups: CRAI group (LMWH infused through placed arterial catheter), Venous group (LMWH infused through central venous catheter) and SAP control group. We used retrograde intra-ductal infusion of sodium taurocholate to induce SAP. Global hemodynamic profiles, urine output, systemic oxygenation, inflammatory and serum biochemical parameters of the animals were studied. At the end of the experiment, histological examination of pancreas, intestine and lung was performed. CRAI with LMWH remarkably stabilized hemodynamic profiles, improved systemic oxygenation and peripheral perfusion, alleviated histological injury of pancreas (especially for the necrosis scale) and down-regulated inflammatory response when compared with the other two groups. Moreover, serum D-dimer level also decreased most significantly in the CRAI group (474±144μg/L vs. 664±155μg/L in the Venous group and 945±351μg/L in the controls at the end), partly indicating ameliorated coagulation disorders in the study group. No bleeding complication was observed in the CRAI group, while two animals in the Venous group presented gastrointestinal hemorrhage. CRAI with LMWH exhibits strong therapeutic effects in the course of SAP with great safety. Human studies using this novel therapy are required to assess these potential benefits in the clinical setting.
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPPS) isolated from one of the Chinese herbs, is known to have a variety of immunomodulatory activities. However, it is not clear whether CPPS can exert an effect on the immune functions of regulatory T cells (Tregs). This study was carried out to investigate the effect of CPPS on the immune function of peripheral blood Tregs in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups : sham group, CLP group, CLP with CPPS(40 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg) treatment group, and they were sacrificed on day 1, 2, 3, and 4 after CLP, respectively, with eight animals at each time point. Magnetic microbeads were used to isolate peripheral blood Tregs and CD4 T cells.Phenotypes of Tregs, such as TLR4, Foxp3, were analyzed by flow cytometry, and co-culture medium cytokines levels were determined with ELISA. The levels of TLR4 and the expression of Foxp3 in the Treg from CLP group were markedly increased in comparison to the sham group. Administration of CPPS could significantly decrease the TLR4 level, and inhibited the expression of Foxp3 on Tregs in sepsis mice.At the same time, proliferative activity and expression of IL-2 and IL-2Rα on CD4 T cells were restored. In contrast, anti-TLR4 antibody could block the effect of CPPS on Tregs immune function. CPPS might suppress excessive Tregs, at least in part, via TLR4-signaling on Tregs, and trigger a shift of Th2 to Th1 with activation of CD4 T cells in sepsis induced by CLP.
Article: Early Enteral Nutrition Prevents Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Reduces the Severity of Severe Acute Pancreatitis Compared with Delayed Enteral Nutrition: A Prospective Pilot Study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: To investigate the effects of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and disease severity in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods: Enteral nutrition (EN) was started within 48 h after admission in the EEN group and from the 8th day in the delayed enteral nutrition (DEN) group. The IAP and intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) incidence were recorded for 2 weeks. The caloric intake and feeding intolerance (FI) incidence were recorded daily after EN was started. The severity markers and clinical outcome variables were also recorded. Results: Sixty patients were enrolled to this study. No difference about IAP was found. The IAH incidence of the EEN group was significantly lower than that of the DEN group from the 9th day (8/30 versus 18/30; P = 0.009) after admission. The FI incidence of the EEN group was higher than that of the DEN group during the initial 3 days of feeding (25/30 versus 12/30; P = 0.001; 22/30 versus 9/30; P = 0.001; 15/30 versus 4/30; P = 0.002). Patients with an IAP <15 mmHg had lower FI incidence than those with an IAP ≥15 mmHg on the 1st day (20/22 versus 17/38; P < 0.001), the 3rd day (11/13 versus 8/47; P < 0.001), and the 7th day (3/5 versus 3/55; P = 0.005) of feeding. The severity markers and clinical outcome variables of the EEN group were significantly improved. Conclusions: Early enteral nutrition did not increase IAP. In contrast, it might prevent the development of IAH. In addition, EEN might be not appropriate during the initial 3-4 days of SAP onset. Moreover, EN might be of benefit to patients with an IAP <15 mmHg. Early enteral nutrition could improve disease severity and clinical outcome, but did not decrease mortality of SAP.
Article: The importance of timing of decompression in severe acute pancreatitis combined with abdominal compartment syndrome[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Surgical decompression is widely considered as an important treatment in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Until now, the indication and optimal time of decompression remain unknown, and no experimental data exist, although extremely high mortality has been repeatedly reported in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different time points for decompression in a 24-hour lasting porcine model. Following baseline registrations, 32 animals were divided into four groups (8 animals each group) as follows: one SAP-alone group and three SAP + ACS groups, which received decompression at 6, 9, and 12 hours. We used a N2 pneumoperitoneum to increase the intra-abdominal pressure to 25 mm Hg and retrograde intra-ductal infusion of sodium taurocholate to induce SAP. Global hemodynamic profiles, urine output, systemic oxygenation, and serum biochemical parameters of the animals were studied. At the end of the experiment, histologic examination of the intestine and lung was performed. The survival time of the 12-hour group was significantly shortened (p = 0.037 vs. 9 hours and p = 0.008 vs. 6 hours). In SAP + ACS animals, decompression at 6 hours restored systemic hemodynamics, oxygen-derived parameters, organ function, and inflammatory intensity to a level comparable with that of the SAP-alone group. In contrast, animals in the 9 hours and 12 hours developed more severe hemodynamic and organ dysfunction. The histopathologic analyses also revealed higher grade injury of the intestine and lung in animals receiving delayed decompression. Well-timed decompression in a porcine model of SAP incorporating 25-mm Hg intra-abdominal hypertension/ACS was associated with significantly reduced mortality, improved systemic hemodynamics and organ function, as well as alleviated histologic injury and inflammatory intensity. According to our results and previous reports, both too early and too late decompression should be avoided owing to significant morbidity for the former and unfavorable outcomes for the latter.
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: No consensus has been reached to define gastrointestinal failure (GIF) associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Reintam and colleagues proposed a scoring system of GIF for critically ill patients, but its suitability for patients with SAP is questionable. The present study evaluates a modified GIF score we developed to assess the GIF of patients with SAP. Methods: The subjects of this study were 52 patients with SAP treated between September 2010 and July 2011. We recorded the Reintam's GIF score, our modified GIF score, the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and other clinical values during the first 3 days after admission. The prognostic value of the modified GIF score, for evaluating the severity and outcomes of SAP, was also assessed. Results: Compared with the Reintam's GIF score, the modified GIF score seemed to be more valuable for predicting hospital mortality (the area under curve, AUC 0.915 vs. 0.850), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (AUC 0.829 vs. 0.766), and pancreatic infection (AUC 0.796 vs. 0.776). Moreover, combining the modified GIF score and the SOFA or APACHEII scores resulted in more accurate prediction of the prognosis of SAP than either score alone. Conclusion: The modified GIF score is useful for assessing gastrointestinal system function, which may serve as an early prognostic tool to evaluate the severity and predict the outcomes of SAP.
Article: [Circulatory function supports for severe acute pancreatitis complicated with intra-abdominal hypertension.]
Article: The Effect of Intra-Abdominal Hypertension Incorporating Severe Acute Pancreatitis in a Porcine Model[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and intra abdominal hypertension(IAH) are common clinical findings in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). It is thought that an increased intra abdominal pressure(IAP) is associated with poor prognosis in SAP patients. But the detailed effect of IAH/ACS on different organ system is not clear. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of SAP combined with IAH on hemodynamics, systemic oxygenation, and organ damage in a 12 h lasting porcine model.
Article: Beneficial Effect of Hypertonic Saline Resuscitation in a Porcine Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Hypertonic saline (HTS) solution resuscitation has been used in a variety of clinical settings. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of HTS resuscitation on hemodynamics, systemic oxygenation, and organ damage in a porcine model of severe acute pancreatitis. Eighteen anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs were divided into 3 groups: HTS group, lactated Ringer solution (LR) group, and sham-operated group. Severe acute pancreatitis was induced in the first 2 groups by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct, and the investigation period was 12 hours. Hemodynamic parameters, urine output, oxygenation parameters, and serum parameters were recorded consecutively. Finally, histologic examinations of the kidney, intestine, pancreas, and lung were performed. In the HTS group, cardiac output decreased less significantly compared with the LR group. Furthermore, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and lactate levels increased significantly in all animals with severe acute pancreatitis, but the increasing tendency was slower in the HTS group. Nevertheless, the histopathologic analysis revealed similar injuries of the kidney, intestine, pancreas, and lung between the HTS and LR groups. Early administration of HTS generally improves hemodynamics and peripheral oxygenation. Despite these normalized parameters, organ damage could not be diminished to a significant degree during observation.
Article: Risk Factors and Outcome of Intra-abdominal Hypertension in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is common in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors of IAH in SAP patients and assess the prognosis of SAP combined with IAH. To analyze the data from patients with SAP, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied, using 16 indices, including age, gender, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (APACHE II), 24 h fluid balance, hematocrit, serum calcium level, and so on. Clinical prognosis such as mortality, hospital duration, of SAP patients with or without IAH was also compared. First 24 h fluid balance (Odds Ratio [OR], 1.003; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.001-1.006), number of fluid collections (OR, 1.652; 95% CI, 1.023-2.956), and serum calcium level (OR, 0.132; 95% CI, 0.012-0.775) were found to be independent risk factors for IAH in patients with SAP. Moreover, patients with SAP and IAH had significantly longer average length of stay, both in the hospital and in the intensive care unit, higher rates of systemic and local complications, and more invasive treatments. The significant risk factors for IAH in patients with SAP include 24 h fluid balance (first day), number of fluid collections, and serum calcium level. Additionally, IAH is associated with extremely poor prognosis, evidenced by high rates of mortality, morbidity, and the need for invasive interventions.
Article: Response to Letter to the Editor: Intra-abdominal Pressure and Abdominal Perfusion Pressure Early in Severe Acute Pancreatitis Miss the Forest for the Trees
Article: Effect of mechanical ventilation guided by transpulmonary pressure on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism of porcine model of intra-abdominal hypertension[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To assess the effect of mechanical ventilation (MV) guided by transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism of porcine model of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). All 6 pigs were anesthetized and received MV. Volume-assist control was set: tidal volume (V(T)) was 10 ml/kg, respiratory rate (RR) was 16 bpm, inhaled oxygen concentration (FiO(2)) was 0.40 and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was set at 5 cm H(2)O (1 cm H(2)O=0.098 kPa). Following baseline observations, high intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) with intraperitoneal nitrogen inflation was induced in all 6 pigs. The IAP was increased to 25 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa). Two hours later, PEEP was adjusted to such a level that Ptp during end-expiratory occlusion remained at a level above 0 cm H(2)O for 2 hours by measuring esophageal pressure, and with the rest parameters of breathing machine remaining constant. During the experimental period, hemodynamic parameters including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output index (CI), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), and respiratory mechanics index of peak airway pressure (Ppeak), plateau pressure (Pplat), esophageal pressure (Pes) and static compliance (Cst) were continuously recorded with the aid of Swan-Ganz catheter and electrocardiogram. Oxygen partial pressure of arterial blood (PaO(2) ) and carbon dioxide partial pressure of arterial blood (PaCO(2)) were measured by blood-gas analysis. Systemic oxygen delivery (DO(2) )and systemic oxygen consumption(VO(2) )were calculated according to blood-gas analysis of arterial and central venous blood. No porcine model showed barotrauma and death. Compared with baseline, at 1 hour and 2 hours after induction of IAH in the animals, HR(bpm) increased significantly (134.3±5.8, 127.3±3.3 vs. 117.7±1.5). MAP(mm Hg), CVP (mm Hg) and PAWP (mm Hg) became higher (MAP:120.7±3.8, 117.3±4.8 vs. 100.4±6.6; CVP: 7.3±0.3, 7.6±0.9 vs. 5.6±0.2; PAWP: 14.0±0.6, 14.0±1.0 vs. 12.3±0.3), CI (L×min(-1)×kg(-1)) was lowered (0.150±0.019, 0.137±0.014 vs. 0.179±0.021), Ppeak(cm H(2)O), Pplat (cm H(2)O), Pes (cm H(2)O) were increased significantly (Ppeak: 46.3±2.3, 47.0±3.2 vs. 11.0±1.6; Pplat: 25.7±1.3, 26.0±1.6 vs. 9.0±0.6; Pes: 13.7±0.3, 14.3±0.3 vs. 2.3±0.3), Cst (ml/cm H(2)O), PaO(2) (mm Hg) and DO(2) (ml×min(-1)×kg(-1)) showed significant lowering (Cst: 8.3±0.3, 9.0±0.6 vs. 23.0±1.6; PaO(2) : 142.0±13.2, 140.0±16.0 vs. 166.3±11.3; DO(2) : 19.40±2.90, 19.88 ±4.14 vs. 25.07±6.30, all P<0.05).However, compared to routine ventilation, at 1 hour and 2 hours after PEEP had been adjusted according to measurements of esophageal pressure, PaO(2) , DO(2) and Cst increased significantly (PaO(2) : 161.6±11.9, 164.0±13.6; DO(2) : 21.90±6.21, 21.16±2.78; Cst: 12.0±1.6, 12.7±2.9). CI became lower (0.121±0.013, 0.120±0.012)and Pplat was higher(31.3±3.4, 31.7±3.2, all P<0.05). The lactate (mmol/L) was also decreased significantly (1.60±0.12 vs. 2.70±0.44, 1.67±0.07 vs. 2.27±0.13, both P<0.05). PaCO(2), HR, MAP, CVP and PAWP showed no significant differences compared to IAH pigs ventilated with lower PEEP (all P>0.05). There were remarkable effects on oxygen metabolism and Cst and less influence on hemodynamics in response to MV guided by Ptp. The results of this study are in favor of setting Ptp according to measurements of esophageal pressure in pigs with IAH.
Article: [Effect of decompression in different time on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism of porcine model with severe acute pancreatitis combined intra-abdominal hypertension].[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To assess the effect of decompression in different time on systemic hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in a 24 h lasting porcine model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) incorporating intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Following baseline registrations, SAP was induced in all 18 animals. A N(2) pneumoperitoneum was used to increase the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) to 25 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) in 12 of 18 SAP animals. After 6 hours, decompression was applied in 6 of these 12 pigs and the other 6 animals received decompression at 9 h since the induction of IAH. The investigation period was 24 h. Heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), central venous pressure (CVP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) were continuously recorded with the aid of Swan-Ganz catheter and electrocardiography monitor; Oxygen partial pressure of artery (PaO(2)), carbondioxide partial pressure of artery (PaCO(2)) and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO(2)) were measured by blood-gas analysis. Besides that, systemic oxygen delivery (DO(2)) and systemic oxygen consumption (VO(2)) were calculated according to blood-gas analysis in arterial and central venous blood. After decompression, HR, CO, MAP, CVP, PAWP, PaO(2) and DO(2) showed no significant differences in the 6 h group when compared to SAP pigs. In the 9 h group, however, CO decreased significantly and HR, CVP, PAWP increased significantly after decompression than SAP only animals (all P < 0.05). PaO(2), ScvO(2) and DO(2) showed lower after 3 h of decompression compared with another two groups. VO(2) increased higher in IAH groups during 6 h of experiment than SAP pigs (all P < 0.05). Then VO(2) showed a trend to fall and no differences in three groups. There are remarkable and relatively irreversible effects on global hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in response to the decompression in different time after sustained IAH with the underlying condition of SAP. The results of this study are in favor of a decompression in patients of SAP with IAH in early time.
Article: Ke L, Ni HB, Tong ZH, et al. D-dimer as a marker of severity in patients with severe acute pancreatitis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Coagulative disorder is known to occur in the early phase of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and D: -dimer is a commonly used clinical parameter of hemostasis. The aim of this study was to assess the value of the plasma D: -dimer level as a marker of severity in the first 3 days after admission in patients with SAP. From January 2009 to February 2011, 45 patients admitted for SAP were included in this observational study. The D: -dimer level was measured on a daily basis during days 1-3 after admission and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and other clinical parameters were recorded at the same time. The maximum and the mean D: -dimer values were used for analysis and compared with other prognostic factors of SAP. Both the maximum and mean levels of D: -dimer were significantly different between patients with and without clinical variables such as multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), need for surgical intervention, and the presence of pancreatic infection. The D: -dimer level also showed great precision for the prediction of MODS and secondary infection. Additionally, the D: -dimer level correlated well with two usual markers of SAP severity-the APACHE II score and the C-reactive protein level. D: -dimer measurement is a useful, easy, and inexpensive early prognostic marker of the evolution and complications of SAP.
Article: Intra-abdominal Pressure and Abdominal Perfusion Pressure: Which is a Better Marker of Severity in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Intra-abdominal hypertension is common in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical relevance of intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal perfusion pressure in the first 72 h after admission during severe acute pancreatitis. From January 2009 to February 2011, 50 patients admitted for severe acute pancreatitis were included in this prospective, observational study. The intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal perfusion pressure level were repeatedly measured every 12 h during the first 72 h. The maximum and the mean values of intra-abdominal pressure and the minimum and mean values of abdominal perfusion pressure were used for analysis. Both the maximum and mean levels of intra-abdominal pressure were significantly different between patients with or without kinds of clinical variables. But for abdominal perfusion pressure, difference could only be detected in terms of need of vasoactive drugs. Besides that, different from abdominal perfusion pressure, intra-abdominal pressure is associated with high incidence rates of MODS and secondary infection. Compared with abdominal perfusion pressure, intra-abdominal pressure is much more valuable as an early marker of the evolution and complications of severe acute pancreatitis.
Article: [The effect of intra-abdominal hypertension on hemodynamics of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in porcine model].[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To assess the effect of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) on hemodynamics of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in porcine model. Following baseline registrations, SAP was induced in 12 animals. The N(2) pneumoperitoneum was used to increase the intra-abdominal pressure to 30 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) in 6 of 12 SAP animals thereafter and keep constant during the experiment. The investigation period was 12 h. Heart rate, cardiac output (CO), central venous pressure (CVP), mean arterial pressure and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) were continuously measured with the aid of balloon tipped flow-directed catheter and electrocardiography monitor. Oxygen partial pressure of artery (PaO(2)), carbon dioxide partial pressure of artery (PaCO(2)), ScvO(2), base excess (BE), and blood lactic acid (LAC) were measured by acid-base analysis. In the IAH group, CO decreased significantly at 12 h, CVP and PAWP increased significantly at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h compared with SAP group (all P < 0.05). Peak inspiration pressure increased immediately after pneumoperitoneum in the IAH group, to (50.2 ± 3.1) cmH(2)O (1 cmH(2)O = 0.098 kPa) and (49.8 ± 0.9) cmH(2)O at 6 h and 12 h respectively. The pH, PaO(2), ScvO(2) and BE showed a tendency to fall in the IAH group. PaCO(2) and LAC were increased significantly in the IAH group (all P < 0.05). There were remarkable and relatively irreversible effects on global hemodynamics in response to sustained IAH of 12 h with the underlying condition of SAP. Abdominal decompression is beneficial for patients of SAP with IAH.
Article: Postoperative Thrombocytosis in Patients With Pancreatic Necrosis: Is It an Occasional Phenomenon?
Article: [The clinical effectiveness of percutaneous drainage and laparotomy for patients with infective pancreatic necrosis].[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To compare the clinical effectiveness of percutaneous US- or CT-guided drainage and laparotomy for patients with infective pancreatic necrosis. Data of 90 infective pancreatic necrosis patients admitted from January 2008 to December 2009 were included. They were divided into two groups by the different treatment choices. Twenty-seven patients in the percutaneous group received percutaneous US- or CT-guided drainage as first choice. After that a sump suction apparatus was applied for controlled drainage. If no improvement was achieved after 3 days, they would received operation soon. While patients in the laparotomy group received surgical drainage at the time when the diagnosis of infected pancreatic necrosis was confirmed. Continuous drainage was also applied for these ones. The percutaneous group had a significant low rate of reoperation (7.1% vs. 14.3%, P < 0.05) and postoperative residual abscesses (7.1% vs. 28.6%, P < 0.05). Furthermore, 48.1% of patients in percutaneous group successfully avoid laparotomy. In the regard of complications, the percutaneous group presented lower incidence of both single organ dysfunction (7.4% vs. 28.6%, P < 0.05), intestinal fistula (7.4% vs. 27.0%, P < 0.05) and long-term complications (3.7% vs. 22.2%, P < 0.05). In addition, the percutaneous group costed less medical resources as evidenced by shorter ICU duration (21.2 ± 9.7 vs. 28.7 ± 12.1, P < 0.01), shorter hospital duration (48.2 ± 12.5 vs. 59.6 ± 17.5, P < 0.05) and less expenditure (191 762 ± 5892 vs. 341 689 ± 10 854, P < 0.05). Percutaneous drainage can effectively lower the surgical rates and the rates of complications and reoperations in patients with infective pancreatic necrosis. Besides that, it could also reduce the cost of medical resources.
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of liquid resuscitation on acid-base balance and electrolytes of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). According to the target of liquid resuscitation, 22 patients with SAP involved in this self-controlled prospective study received sufficient liquid resuscitation in acute stage of acute pancreatitis. The results of blood gas analysis, acid-base balance and electrolytes were compared before and after liquid resuscitation. The correlation between the volume of liquid used in resuscitation and the level of blood chlorine was analyzed. The mean resuscitation duration was (15.0±2.4) hours, and the volume of liquid resuscitation was 3 4594 203 ml, with mean volume (3 910± 102) ml in 22 patients; blood sodium (mmol/L) and chlorine (mmol/L) levels were both significantly higher after resuscitation compared with those before resuscitation (Na(+): 145.83±1.85 vs. 139.67±2.25, Cl(-): 117.33±1.64 vs. 101.83±1.77, both P<0.05). Blood pH value, hematocrit (Hct), anion gap (AG, mmol/L), blood lactic acid (mmol/L) were slightly lowered after resuscitation (pH value: 7.39±0.02 vs. 7.42±0.02, Hct: 35.63±1.58 vs. 46.85±2.38, AG: 8.02±1.21 vs. 14.47±0.89, blood lactic acid: 1.10±0.18 vs. 1.97±0.15, P<0.05 or P <0.01). In addition, the level of blood chlorine was significantly correlated with the volume of liquid used in resuscitation (r=0.720 8,P<0.01). The target of liquid resuscitation in patients with SAP should be cautiously determined, including control of the volume of liquid for resuscitation, in order to avoid acid-base imbalance or hyperchloraemia. At the same time, the change in internal environment should be monitored.
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Attend tonight's internet safety classPublished 11:08am Thursday, September 19, 2013
Dear Editor,
This is to encourage – no, require – all parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles of the young children in our community to attend Lt. Bill Hough's Internet Safety presentation at the Adelia M. Russell Library, Alexander City at 6:00 p.m., Thursday, September 16.
As the former technology manager for Tallapoosa County Schools I can attest to the necessity of this type of awareness training and to the fine job Lt. Hough is doing in performing this vital service to our community. Even if your child does not have a computer or if you have strict rules about internet usage you must remember that our children are constantly exposed to others that may not have your same strict rules. Your child must be insolated against exposure to all kinds of perverted ideas and images and you cannot rely on others to do this training for you.
Lt. Hough has been doing this type of community awareness training for several years now and I was always disappointed at the low levels of turnout to these sessions. Oh, the attendance is good, but in my mind it should be overflowing since the importance is so profound in the shaping of young children's perceptions of the world around them.
Our schools have special software that attempts to screen the unwanted images from schools computers and currently it blocks hundreds of thousands of websites for access in the school. The database of "bad" sites is updated daily but that still is not enough to keep all unwanted images and ideas from reaching the computer screens. Just think about your child's access to those sites on computers at home (or at a friend's home) that don't have that level of protection. I know Lt. Hough's focus is on the protection of our children from predators on the internet and that is absolutely needed and should be required training for all parents. In addition to that training, all parents should be protecting their children against all the unwanted images and ideas that flood our computer screens daily. That can only happen with your involvement in sessions like this Thursday evening's session being offered by the Sheriff's department and Lt. Hough. We are so fortunate to have a law enforcement community with such professionalism and dedication to this area of criminal activity. Please increase your awareness of your child's Internet usage and take full advantage of this important Internet Safety presentation on Thursday.
John Prophitt
Jackson's Gap


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University/elementary School Partnerships in Physical Education: Strategies and Benefits
Petray, Clayre, Hill, Grant M., Strategies: A Journal for Physical and Sport Educators
During the past decade, numerous university teacher preparation programs have created partnerships with local school districts to provide field-based experiences for future teachers (Ambrose, Natale, Murphey & Schumacher, 1999; Etzel-Wise & Mears, 2004; Glow & Sperhac, 2003; Gottlieb, Keogh, Jonas, Grunbaum, Waiters, Fee, Saunders & Baldyga, 1999; Harper& Sadler, 2003; Jenkins, Eman & Black, 2002; Kirkwood, 1999; Maxson & Schwartz, 2001; Rothstein, 2002). In addition to student teaching, these programs have incorporated structured field experiences early in teacher education coursework, often at schools identified as exemplary. These field experiences provide pre-service teachers with valuable experiences through which they apply subject matter content and pedagogical knowledge. Siedentop and Locke (1997) have encouraged university physical education teacher education (PETE) programs to work together with the public schools to prepare K-12 physical education teachers.
"PETE can only fulfill its responsibility if it does so in collaboration with good schools in which there are good physical education programs. If there are not enough good clinical sites.... then PETE must assume responsibility for helping to develop and sustain school physical education programs directly. " (p.27)
University PETE programs in many states face unique challenges in the preparation of pre-service elementary school physical education teachers. In some states such as Arizona, the majority of elementary schools employ full-time physical education specialists, while, in other states such as California, the majority of elementary schools do not employ a physical education specialist. When elementary schools do not employ physical education specialists, classroom teachers have the primary responsibility for physical education instruction. Schools without physical education specialists present an additional challenge for university PETE programs; not only must they prepare PETE majors to become elementary school physical education specialists, they also have the critical responsibility of preparing future K-6 classroom teachers to provide quality physical education instruction (McCullick and DeMarco, 2003). Furthermore, when local elementary schools do not employ physical education specialists, it can be difficult, if not impossible, to provide high quality elementary school physical education field experiences for pre-service teachers.
One approach university PETE programs may use to insure high quality elementary school physical education field experiences is to develop partnerships with elementary schools where there is sufficient support for physical education, as well as openness to university leadership. The university PETE faculty, working together with district leaders, elementary school administration, and school faculty, may create a reciprocal partnership through which pre-service teachers conduct on-site physical education instruction and physical activity and fitness assessment with elementary school students. This article describes the framework of a model for establishing such a partnership consisting of the following: purpose, need, description, development, implementation, and benefits.
Partnership Purpose
The primary purpose of a reciprocal physical education partnership is for the university PETE program and the elementary school to work collaboratively to provide:
* PETE pre-service teachers with quality field-based experiences in physical education lesson planning, teaching, self-evaluation of teaching, and physical fitness and activity assessment.
* Elementary school classroom teachers with the opportunity to observe and participate in quality physical education lessons and physical fitness and activity assessment, review accompanying lesson plans, and conduct follow-up lessons. …


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