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Switchboard, from NRDC › Zak Smith's Blog tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2015:/blogs/zsmith//242 2015-08-18T22:56:59Z Movable Type Pro 6.0.7 Tracking Fake Elephant Tusks with GPS in Africa Drives Home Solution in China tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2015:/blogs/zsmith//242.18882 2015-08-18T22:49:17Z 2015-08-18T22:56:59Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

The intersection of elephant survival as a vigorous species in Africa and terrorist organizations symbolizes one of the biggest challenges for wildlife conservation. The September 2015 National Geographic Magazine cover story, The Human Toll of Ivory Poaching, lays bare the human suffering that results from this intersection. The story was also recently featured on NPR's Fresh Air, where you can hear how National Geographic investigative journalist Bryan Christy used "Mission Impossible"-like tactics to track smuggled ivory using GPS trackers in fake elephant tusks. It's an amazing story (e.g., Christy was arrested at the airport as an ivory smuggler because his fake tusks looked so real) that provides a fresh perspective on the challenge and provides focus for a solution.

Evidence of the relationship between global ivory trade and international organized crime - or even terrorism - has been building for years. Various reports have indicated that militant groups associated with warfare and terror - such as Darfur's Janjaweed militias, Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army in Central and Eastern Africa, Boko Haram in Nigeria, and al-Shabaab in Eastern Africa - have been involved in poaching of elephants and other animals in Africa to fund their activities.

The problem has been one of evidence - a clear picture of the pathway of ivory, say, from poacher to middlemen to transporter to consumer, involving these kinds of nefarious actors.

But Christy's investigation takes us a step closer to understanding both the pathways and actors involved in the global ivory trade. His dramatic story follows a pair of fake ivory tusks outfitted with GPS trackers through some of the world's most impoverished and dangerous countries on their way to eventual export from Africa to China, most likely, and then potentially the United States or other countries where ivory markets still abound.

This investigation highlights how the stakes couldn't be any higher.

Around 30,000 African elephants die each year as a result of poaching. Experts believe that if these trends continue African elephants could be extinct within a few decades. And the human toll is unimaginable: poorly-outfitted park rangers are killed on the front lines; ivory trade-supported armed groups kidnap boys to raise the next generation of killers and girls for sex slaves; and whole communities are ravaged that get in the way.

The conservation community has tried-and-true measures in its conservation tool kit (bring stakeholders together to develop conservation plans, litigate against governments to enforce protective laws, educate and raise awareness, etc.). But very little has prepared the broader conservation community for this. One can hardly invite the Lord's Resistance Army to a stakeholder meeting on elephant conservation. And if the most populous country in Africa, with the 20th largest economy in the world, can't even Bring Back Our Girls (save hundreds of girls kidnapped by Boko Haram), it can hardly be expected to join other countries in crushing the region's illegal elephant poaching and ivory smuggling that helps fund armed guerilla movements.

So how can we save Africa's elephants and cut off this source of funding for militant groups?

Demand for ivory has to be the focus. As noted by the Fresh Air piece, "If China gets out of the ivory game it will collapse economically the price for ivory, and take ivory out of the picture, at least reduce its role as a way of financing war."

Fortunately, China has agreed to phase out the production and sale of ivory products, although many questions remain about how and when this will be accomplished and how strict the prohibition on sales will be in practice. While action in China is vital, other nations have significant illegal ivory markets, such as Thailand, that also need to be eliminated. And there's action in the United States to curb demand as well. Both New Jersey and New York have put in place strict laws to close ivory markets and California may be next. In addition the Obama Administration recently released proposed rules that will prohibit most interstate sales of ivory across the United States, although those rules should also be strengthened before finalization.

Now this is something the conservation community can do: get out its tool kit and work with China, with other countries like Thailand, and in the United States to ensure promises are kept and that ivory markets are closed as soon as possible.

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/tracking_fake_elephant_tusks_w.html Clean Power Plan Helps Whales tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2015:/blogs/zsmith//242.18801 2015-07-30T18:51:05Z 2015-07-30T19:51:28Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

The EPA's Clean Power Plan is the U.S.'s biggest breakthrough yet on climate change. And, it's not just humans that will benefit from limiting carbon pollution, but whales too.

In many ways, the U.S. Government has a disappointing track record when it comes to helping whales, dolphins, and other marine mammals. Government agencies recently illegally authorized the Navy's harmful war games and gave the green light to oil companies to blast and degrade whale habitat while searching for oil and gas deep beneath the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean floors. But the EPA's Clean Power Plan bucks that trend. And make no mistake, climate change and other carbon pollution impacts like ocean acidification represent the biggest long-term threat to marine mammal populations around the world. So, when the US government sets national limits on carbon pollution from power plants - the biggest source of climate change pollution in the country - it will finally start to honor its obligation to leave future generations with a vibrant world, a world with oceans that can support whales, dolphins, seals, and walruses.

It is hard to predict the exact effects climate change will have on specific marine mammal populations around the globe. While they're obviously highly-adaptable species (their entire evolutionary history is an amazing tale of adaptation), the rate of carbon pollution-induced changes occurring now and projected to occur in the future have few precedents, impacting every facet of marine mammal lives and habitat: ocean temperatures, sea levels, ocean currents, sea-ice extent, ocean acidity, storm patterns, prey abundance and location, etc. Surely some marine mammals may benefit, at least in the short term, by some of these changes, but a close look at most populations reveals an unsettling list of changes that will be difficult, if not impossible, to survive.

For example, Pacific walruses are an ice-dependent species that has evolved to rely on Arctic sea ice as a resting surface between feeding dives, as well as for avoiding predators, birthing, and nursing. Climate change has led to reductions in Arctic summer sea ice. Walruses must now swim hundreds of miles back and forth to the coast to rest between feedings. This leaves walruses--especially baby calves--acutely and newly vulnerable. At the same time, decreased summer ice also has exposed the walruses to more open-water oil and gas activities. Shell Oil plans to drill in the Arctic this summer in the walruses' prime offshore feeding area. We are in court fighting hard to stop them.

Southern resident killer whales live off the coast of Washington, Oregon, and California and eat Chinook salmon. However, these incredible wolves of the sea are down to about 80 animals and on the brink of extinction. Why? One reason is that dams have decimated historic salmon runs, and the whales are starving. Climate change will only make things worse for the fish and the whales. As we are seeing already this summer--where the Pacific Northwest has experienced record temperatures--hot rivers cause fish kills, which will deplete our oceans even further of food for whales.

These are the conversations we need to have about climate change. We often talk of adapting to rising sea levels, increases in storm severity, and hotter days. We rarely talk about how we'll adapt to a world without some of our planet's iconic species. If the Clean Power Plan marks the start of an aggressive effort to curb US carbon emissions and similar efforts around the globe, maybe we won't have to adapt to that loss.

This post was written by Zak Smith and Giulia Good Stefani.

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/clean_power_plan_helps_whales.html This Week in Whales: Oil Spills Are Bad from BP Disaster to Santa Barbara; Designing Whale-Friendly Fishing Gear... tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2015:/blogs/zsmith//242.18472 2015-05-22T20:59:34Z 2015-05-27T08:57:50Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

(Photo by NOAA/Refugio Response Incident Command)

Ready to have your world turned upside down? Turns out the Deepwater Horizon spill contributed to a record number of dolphin deaths in the Gulf. I know, shocking, right? Anyway, a study published Wednesday found that the record dolphin die-off now occurring in the Gulf of Mexico is linked to contaminants from 2010's BP oil spill. Comparing tissue samples from dolphins in areas affected by the spill with dolphins that were not exposed, researchers found that one-third of the oil-exposed dolphins suffered from rare adrenal damage that hurt their ability to produce important hormones. They also found that dead dolphins from affected areas were more likely to have lung damage and pneumonia - likely from inhaling contaminants near the water's surface as they swam up for air near. This isn't the first time a study has directly linked contaminants from the spill to sick and dying dolphins. BP's response? "Not us." Yeah, right.

Speaking of oil spills... Santa Barbara's Refugio Beach oil spill poses threat to wildlife, including dolphins and sea otters. Earlier this week, an oil pipeline 20 miles west of Santa Barbara ruptured, soiling more than 4 miles of California's coast and marine waters with more than 100,000 gallons of crude oil. The spill, which exposes once again the fundamental weaknesses of our nation's oil infrastructure, also couldn't have come at a worse time for migrating gray whales, which travel along the shoreline in the Santa Barbara Channel on their way to summer fishing grounds near Alaska. Wildlife officials have already found oil-coated brown pelicans and dead lobster, bass and other fish. It could be years before we fully understand the impacts to marine mammals in the affected area. This week's study from the Gulf of Mexico makes clear that the catastrophe doesn't end when the oil gets "disappeared."

Ship strikes, fishing lines, sonar and climate change may play a role in Bay Area strandings. A recent string of whale strandings up and down the San Mateo County coastline over the last few weeks has scientists, wildlife officials and advocates offering potential explanations. At least three whales have stranded along the coast south of San Francisco over the past month, with other two strandings reported north near Fort Bragg and south towards Santa Cruz. Though officials have been unable to conclusively determine the causes of death, it is clear whales have to contend with a lot of potential harms as they migrate north to their summer fishing grounds. Ship collisions are an ever-present threat, warming ocean temperatures and overfishing have altered the availability of prey, and commercial fishing lines are entangling whales at record rates this year.

In more positive news, scientists collect data to design better fishing gear. A paper published in the Marine Mammal Science journal this week estimates the maximum pulling strength that different whale species can create with their tail flukes, which could help fisheries design ropes and nets with built-in weak links that break apart when a whale becomes entangled. Using vertebrae and muscle measurements from whale skeletons at museums and research facilities, researchers calculated total force production for several cetacean species, including right whales, blue whales and sperm whales. Authors of the paper hope that the data will be used by fishing gear designers to create nets and rope that break apart at a certain point.

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/this_week_in_whales_oil_spills.html This Week in Whales: Good News/Bad News for Vaquita; Blue Whales in Danger of Ship Strikes but NASA May Be Coming to the Rescue; Well-Deserved Award for Book on Navy Sonar Fight... tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2015:/blogs/zsmith//242.18452 2015-05-15T20:54:00Z 2015-05-22T08:13:34Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

Yay for the Center for Biological Diversity and the Animal Welfare Institute's petition to the World Heritage Committee to designate vaquita (a small porpoise species found only in the northernmost part of the Gulf of California with fewer than 100 individuals remaining, a rate of decline of 18.5 percent per year, and a projected extinction by 2018) habitat as "In Danger." Sounds like a great idea that will help the world and Mexico focus resources on this critical area and help save the vaquita.

(Photo by NOAA)

And boo for the National Marine Fisheries Service's (the U.S. agency charged with protecting the vaquita) shameful decision to keep vaquita out of its "Species in the Spotlight: Survive to Thrive" initiative. Not sure what valid explanation there is for leaving the most endangered cetacean species in the world out of an initiative focused on species the Service protects under the ESA that are "the most at risk of extinction in the near future." Maybe the Service wanted to only focus on U.S. species. But that's problematic for a lot of reasons, including the fact that it's U.S. consumption of imported shrimp from the Northern Gulf of Mexico that has driven the vaquita to extinction and the smuggling of an illegal fish (totoaba) via the United States. Maybe this is how the Service views American Exceptionalism.

A new study reveals that blue whales are especially susceptible to ship collisions. New research indicates that blue whales don't effectively avoid large cargo ships, diving slowly instead of swimming to the side. This isn't too surprising: as the largest creatures on Earth, blue whales have never had to think too much about moving out of the way of anything else - at least not until us humans and our big ships came along. Using GPS data that tracked nine whales off the port of Long Beach, CA, researchers observed whales sinking very slowly when they sensed an oncoming ship, barely fast enough to move out of a ship's path. The study's authors hope the data they've collected will help the shipping industry design better standards and speed controls for avoiding whale collisions. This is crucial, especially since blue whales aren't the only creatures at risk for ship collisions - scientists suspect a collision also killed a female humpback that washed ashore on a San Francisco beach last week.

If only NASA scientists could get involved and help save blue whales. Heck, if they can get someone into space... Oh, wait, here we go: NASA and NOAA have teamed up to use satellite data to reduce whale-ship collisions. Earlier this week, NOAA announced the development WhaleWatch, a new tool funded by NASA that will use satellite data to provide daily, monthly, and seasonal data on whale movements along the West Coast. Scientists built the tool using 15 years of whale tag data, matching it in place and time with measurements of environmental conditions like sea surface temperature, height, and chlorophyll concentration, which indicates the presence of krill. After pulling together all of the data, the team developed the WhaleWatch computer program, which calculates the likelihood of whale movement up and down the California Current. The program will help fisheries, shipping companies, and recreational boaters plan their movements to avoid whale collisions. Knowledge is power, people, knowledge is power.

Move over Mr. Fantastic, University of British Columbia researchers have discovered a unique stretchy nerve structure in baleen whales. Baleen whales feed by opening their mouths widely and scooping up an immense pocket of water, krill, plankton, and fish. The researchers found that these whales have stretchy nerves in their mouth that can stretch to twice their length and then spring back to their original size. Some evolutionary biologists speculate that the development of this unique nerve structure was a key adaptation in allowing whales to consume so much biomass and reach their enormous size. Om nom nom!

Joshua Horwitz's War of the Whales won the 2016 PEN/EO Wilson Literary Award for Best Science Writing this week! For more about the book, which tells the story of NRDC and marine biologist Ken Balcomb's 20-year legal battle to rein in the Navy's use of harmful military sonar, see my colleague Joel Reynolds' blog here.

This blog was written in part by NRDC's Marine Mammal Protection Project's assistant, Julie Mendel. Thanks Julie!

Get my tweets: @smithzak

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/this_week_in_whales_good_newsb.html This Week in Whales: Dolphins Spend More Energy to Be Heard; Humpbacks No Longer Endangered?; Fishing Gear Traps Whales in PacNW... tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2015:/blogs/zsmith//242.18380 2015-04-30T22:49:05Z 2015-04-30T23:18:24Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

Dolphins expend extra energy to get heard in noisier waters - A study released last week by NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center and UC Santa Cruz found that dolphins expend extra energy to raise their voices to be heard in noisy environments. The study, which is one of the first to measure the biological costs to marine mammals trying to communicate over the sounds of ship traffic, found that a group of dolphins consumed about 80 percent more oxygen when whistling at the highest vocal energy levels than they did at rest. This "metabolic cost" may add up over time, especially for younger animals or nursing females. In an ocean that's only getting noisier, these findings don't bode well.

NOAA proposes delisting/reclassification of humpback whales - Is the humpback whale an Endangered Species Act (ESA) success story? NMFS thinks so: last Monday they released a proposal to divide the humpback whale into 14 distinct population segments and remove federal ESA protection from 10 of those segments. Of the remaining four segments, two would keep their endangered status and two would be relisted as threatened. I'm not so sure this is the right move - bycatch, ship strikes, and ocean noise still pose threats to the species. NRDC will be looking closely at the proposal.

Feeding off fishermen's lines = reproductive success for killer whales in the Southern Ocean -Last week, French researchers unveiled data showing that killer whales that feed off of fishermen's lines in the Southern Ocean are more likely to successfully deliver a calf the following year. The researchers compared ten years' worth of observations of a group of whales that learned to snatch fish off longlines with observations of a group that fed normally, and found that females who feasted upon the lines were four percent more likely to successfully deliver a calf the following year. Researchers found that even though killer whales only fed from longline fisheries at an average of two weeks each year, that extra nutritional boost still gave those pods a slight reproductive advantage. Four percent doesn't seem like a lot to me, but I'll take the scientists' word on it. These killer whales aren't the only population to figure out how to take advantage of a free buffet -- sperm whales in the Gulf of Alaska have also been spotted munching away at fishermen's lines.

Southeast Alaska companies agree to guidelines restricting boat activity during whale foraging - Last Thursday, NFMS launched Whale SENSE, a voluntary program for commercial whale-watching and fishing companies in southeast Alaska intended to reduce disturbances from boats when whales are foraging. The program, which builds off successes achieved in the Atlantic region, asks companies to operate boats at slow speeds around whales and limit the amount of time spent near feeding whales. Collisions between whales and whale-watching boats have risen as commercial whale-watching programs have grown in popularity, so here's hoping the program keeps whales - as well as their watchers - safe from harm. If not, we may have to make such restrictions mandatory.

Fishing gear entraps record number of whales this year - A record 25 whale entanglements along the West Coast have already been reported in the first four months of 2015, compared to 30 entanglements reported for all of 2014. Fishing gear set near the coastline catches whales as they migrate between Arctic feeding grounds and tropical breeding grounds, and the buoy lines and nets can cut into a whale's skin, impairing its ability to swim, feed, or get to the surface for breath. Advocates and NMFS biologists are looking into ways to reduce the bycatch count, by limiting the amount of time a net can remain in the water without being retrieved or installing improved fishing gear that breaks away when a whale gets snagged.

And this week in whale videos: a team of ocean scientists had a rare run-in with a curious sperm whale while operating a remotely operated underwater vehicle, or ROV, 2,000 ft beneath the Gulf of Mexico. Researchers of the Nautilus Exploration Program were using the ROV Hercules to monitor methane bubbles on the ocean floor when a juvenile sperm whale came upon the vessel and circled it several times. Watch the video below, and read more about the encounter on the Nautilus blog.

Meanwhile, this week in Wales...

Like the rest of the UK, Wales is gearing up for next week's general election. Good times.

This blog was written in large part by NRDC's Marine Mammal Protection Project's assistant, Julie Mendel. Thanks Julie!

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/this_week_in_whales_dolphins.html Court Rules for Whales in Case Challenging Navy Activities in the Pacific tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2015:/blogs/zsmith//242.18200 2015-03-30T23:16:43Z 2015-04-01T23:57:24Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

Is this whale trying to high-five someone? (Photo Credit NOAA SEFSC).

Today, the U.S. District Court, District of Hawaii, found that the National Marine Fisheries Service - the agency charged with protecting marine mammals - violated multiple requirements of the Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act when agreeing to the Navy's plan for training and testing off the shores of Southern California and Hawaii.

The court said, "the problems this court identifies are so fundamental that the court cannot conceive of a new Final Rule or new LOAs that simply tweak the earlier documents and regurgitate old language."

Perhaps the Court said it best with, "NMFS cannot just parrot what the Navy says."

I couldn't agree more. It's time for NMFS to do its job and protect whales and dolphins from the Navy's danerous activities.

The case was brought by my organization, the Natural Resources Defense Council, and our fellow plaintiffs, Cetacean Society International, Animal Legal Defense Fund, Pacific Environment and Resources Center, and Michael Stocker. The court also ruled in favor of whales in a related case brought by Earthjustice for Conservation Council for Hawaii and other plaintiffs, which had additional Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act claims.

I look forward to reporting more about the ruling as we digest the Court's 66-page decision. Stay tuned...

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/court_rules_for_whales_in_case.html U.S. Navy Is Suspect in Pacific Whale Strandings tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2015:/blogs/zsmith//242.18198 2015-03-30T17:34:42Z 2015-03-31T16:01:04Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

Almost a year to the day after a mass stranding of beaked whales in Crete, Greece, a very similar story is unfolding in Guam. Last year, my colleague Michael reported on a mass stranding of beaked whales along the southern coast of Crete, coincident with the U.S. and other navies playing war games offshore. There, somewhere between five and eight whales beached and biologists quickly determined that the navies' high-intensity sonar was the likely cause. Now, there's news of more beaked whale strandings on the other side of the world. The Navy has just admitted it was using sonar during an international "Multi-Sail" exercise on its Marianas Island range shortly before the latest standings occurred.

There are good reasons to suspect sonar in this case as well. Beaked whales are deep-diving species that are rarely seen near shore; naval sonar, or military exercises more generically, are associated with virtually every significant mass stranding of beaked whales on record. Whales recovered in time for investigation have shown suffering from a suite of severe, tell-tale pathologies, similar to those seen in decompression sickness, or the bends: bleeding around the brain, lesions in organ tissue, and damage to the acoustic fats, a mass of tissue along a whale's jawline that helps conduct sound to the ears. Sonar is believed to kill them, in some cases, by fatally disrupting their dive patterns in ways they cannot endure.

The whales that reach the shore are considered just a fraction of those actually harmed. So, investigators will be looking for these signs to see if this could be the latest in a long line of whale strandings associated with naval training.

In recent years, the Navy has ramped up activities in the Marianas Islands, which could be having a significant impact on the area's beaked whale populations. At least three other regions (Greece, the northern Bahamas, and the Navy's AUTEC range in the southern Bahamas) show evidence of serious population-level harm from naval activities, and government biologists are concerned that the Navy may have turned Southern California into a "population sink" for these species, which are in dramatic decline off the west coast.

Nonetheless, the Navy and the National Marine Fisheries Service - the agency charged with protecting marine mammals from harmful activities, like Navy war games - have not put even one square inch of the Marianas Islands off-limits to protect these species. That's what the Fisheries Service has acknowledged to be the most effective available means of protecting marine mammals from Navy activities, and it's what the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands has demanded. And it's what is simply necessary given the Navy's massive ramp-up in training activity off the islands.

Unfortunately, when it comes to the Navy and the Fisheries Service, that's par for the course. The Navy consistently downplays harms and obfuscates scientific studies demonstrating the link between adverse impacts and its activities; and the Fisheries Service, too afraid to disturb its relationship with a vastly more powerful agency, goes along for the ride.

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/us_navy_is_suspect_in_pacific_.html This Week in Whales Focus: The Call to Ban Mexican Seafood Products Gets Louder After Mexico Announces its Plan for Vaquita Extinction tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2015:/blogs/zsmith//242.18139 2015-03-16T17:52:29Z 2015-03-25T17:53:38Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

(Photo by NOAA)

At the end of February, Mexico announced a plan to keep the vaquita--a small porpoise species found only in the northernmost part of the Gulf of California--from going extinct. Unfortunately, Mexico's plan amounts to nothing more than a roadmap for vaquita extinction. Plagued by half-measures, a record of ineffectual enforcement, and a general failure to accept the seismic shift in approach necessary to save the species, Mexico's plan offers solace only for those wishing to shield themselves from change. Frustrated that Mexico and the United States are not taking the steps necessary to save the species, people are increasingly looking at banning or boycotting Mexican seafood products as the only way to produce necessary action in Mexico.

I've written about the plight of the vaquita and NRDC's hopes for a serious plan out of Mexico. Many in the conservation community were holding their collective breaths to see if Mexico was up to the challenge. With fewer than 100 individuals remaining and an 18.5 percent annual rate of decline driven by the vaquita's susceptibility to getting entangled and drowning in gillnets, any plan with hope of success had to guarantee a reversal in this trend. Otherwise, the vaquita will be extinct as early as 2018.

So what is Mexico's grand plan to save the vaquita? A two-year ban on gillnets, even though vaquita specialists say a permanent ban is necessary; a compensation scheme for fishermen that does little to spur a wholesale transition to vaquita-friendly fishing gear and fails to address the economic concerns of those fishing outside of permits; and enforcement of the 5,000-square-mile ban (an area around the size of Connecticut) by using eight boats and three drones throughout a region where illegal fishing is rampant and driven by demand in China for--yet another--part of an endangered species for "traditional" purposes.

This is not a recipe for success, which is why people are looking at pressuring the Mexican government and Mexican fisheries by hitting them where it hurts--money. Thus, attendees leaving the Seafood Expo North America in Boston when it closes tomorrow, March 17, may see the following ad on local transportation.

The ad questions whether it's time to boycott Mexican shrimp. Some have already reached that conclusion, like Mark Spalding of The Ocean Foundation and Tim Ragen, former Executive Director of the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission. These marine mammal specialists are calling for "a full embargo of all seafood products caught in all Mexican fisheries if all gillnets are not removed immediately from the vaquita's historic range." Mr. Spalding and Mr. Ragen rightly note that the U.S. government has the power today to deny Mexican fisheries access to the lucrative U.S. seafood market. So far, the government has failed to take that or similar action. Perhaps they were waiting to see what Mexico would propose. But now they must know that Mexico isn't serious about saving the vaquita. With that knowledge and the certainty that the vaquita will be the first whale, dolphin, or porpoise species to go extinct in North America in modern times, the administration must immediately take these kinds of drastic actions. If it doesn't, it will be just as culpable as Mexico for the vaquita's disappearance.

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/call_to_ban_mexican_seafood_products.html Things Are Getting Harder for Polar Bears (Except Where They'd Most Appreciate It) tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2015:/blogs/zsmith//242.17910 2015-01-27T19:45:13Z 2015-01-28T20:24:53Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

The latest bad news for polar bears focuses on a potential link between low-density penis bones and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A team of researchers out of Denmark studied the penis bones or baculums of nearly 300 polar bears born between 1990 and 2000, identifying the potential link and noting that less dense penis bones could prevent successful mating. The same Danish researches previously showed that polar bears with high levels of pollutants in their bodies had smaller testes and a smaller penis bone. With two-thirds of polar bears projected to disappear in the next 35 years as a result of climate change induced habitat destruction, we're stacking the deck against long-term polar bear survival.

But wait, we don't use PCBs anymore, right, so what's the problem? Yes, PCBs were generally banned in 1979 (with certain phase outs and exemptions) for very good reason--they're super toxic--but they and other pollutants last a long time and tend to concentrate in certain regions, like the Arctic, where they build up over the years in the tissue of animals. As apex predators, PCBS and other pollutants build up in polar bears after they feed on animals (seals), that themselves absorb and store pollutants in their fat as they feed on contaminated fish. It's the same idea behind high concentrations of mercury in swordfish and sharks and why people warn pregnant and nursing women to avoid eating fish high in mercury.

It's not clear yet how these reproductive changes are impacting polar bears, if at all. Scientists still aren't sure what function the penis bone plays, especially as not all mammals have them (its absent in humans, rabbits, elephants, whales and dolphins, but apparently still making a difference for gorillas, cats, dogs, walruses, and mice). Regardless, bears have them and human-induced impacts that muck around with the results of evolution doesn't seem like the best news for a species facing extinction.

Nonetheless, we continue to muck around. Either through "baked-in" pollutant impacts resulting from toxic chemicals we pushed into the environment decades ago to our not-so-natural selection of bears for their skins to decorate our homes. Polar bear skins are big business (people also sell their skulls, teeth, and claws), with some fetching more than $20,000 dollars at auction last year in Canada--Canada is the only country that allows polar bears to be killed for international commercial trade. Prices depend on size and color, so that's what hunters keep in mind when they seek out bears to kill. They don't go after the old or sick, the way natural selection does, inflicting a different kind of harm on polar bears by undermining and potentially weakening populations that need to maintain their strength to survive the continued destruction of their environment.

We can't do much to strip pollutants out of the Arctic that are already there, but we can take steps to limit future pollutants--an issue NRDC has long been concerned about and has been raising with regulatory agencies--and we can end the international commercial trade in polar bears. It seems the least we can do for a species we're driving to extintion. The funny headlines are plentiful, but what's happening to polar bears now and what's going to happen to them in the future is less than humorous.

"Marco!" image by ucumari via Flickr

polar bear image by alkiol vi Flickr

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/lifes_getting_harder_for_polar.html I'm Thankful for Quality Science: A Roadmap for Polar Bear Conservation tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2014:/blogs/zsmith//242.17705 2014-11-26T19:46:28Z 2014-11-26T19:47:44Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

Last week, the Los Angeles Times published an article entitled "40% decline in polar bears in Alaska, western Canada heightens concerns," detailing a population study of the southern Beaufort Sea polar bear population from 2001 to 2010.

Why am I posting such bad news in a Thanksgiving blog post? Well, here goes: while I'm certainly not thankful for the 40 percent decline in the southern Beaufort Sea polar bear population, I am thankful for good quality science that lays out for us in clear terms the future of this species. Armed with this science, we can take steps to give polar bears the best chance of surviving into the next century.

Way back in 2008, the polar bear was listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, in part based on groundbreaking science, which studied the impact future sea-ice habitat loss from global warming will have on polar bear populations. The projections are grim, indicating that two-thirds of the total polar bear population will be gone by 2050. And, by the end of the century, only a small number of polar bears will remain in isolated regions of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, where sea-ice conditions will change more slowly in the face of global warming.

I know what you're thinking, "This is still bad news, why are you thankful?" I'm about to get there, stick with me.

Studies since 2008 have confirmed that sea ice is essential habitat for polar bear survival, as scientists have repeatedly observed a direct correlation between decreased sea-ice extent and declining polar bear body conditions, size, and survival. Scientific papers published in recent years also demonstrate through observation a direct correlation between reduced sea ice and decreased polar bear population growth and size.

And now we have the latest study, showing a 40 percent decline in the southern Beaufort Sea population — a population dependent on a particular kind of sea-ice (Divergent Ice) that was previously projected by the aforementioned study to suffer the earliest consequences from global warming. That's pretty good evidence backing up a projection. To be sure, the study notes other factors at play, which is totally expected. As polar bears permanently disappear from parts of the globe, no one expects the loss to perfectly align with the state of sea ice at any given time. But that's all about variations and permutations in the middle. By relying on quality science, we know what the end result will be if we do nothing.

So, despite all of the bad news on polar bears, studies like this affirm my appreciation for good, quality science. That science tells us what's going to happen to polar bears and is being backed up again and again by subsequent studies. I'm thankful we're not speculating or guessing. The challenge is clear: we have to act now and take steps to give polar bears the best chance of surviving into the next century, like limiting the killing of polar bears to supply international demand for polar bear parts (skins, skulls, teeth, etc.). We can and should do that through the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species.

Yes, I'm thankful for good science, even when it's bad news, because it affirms that positive steps we must take for our future.

Photo: NOAA

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/im_thankful_for_quality_scienc.html This Week in Whales Focus: NGOs Petition the Mexican President to Save the Vaquita in Advance of Major Decision tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2014:/blogs/zsmith//242.17683 2014-11-21T19:08:13Z 2014-11-21T19:07:05Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

For years, people have been working furiously to save the vaquita—a small porpoise species found only in the northernmost part of the Gulf of California. Today, fewer than 100 individuals remain and they are declining at a rate of 18.5 percent per year. If we do not reverse this trend immediately, the vaquita will be extinct as early as 2018, going down in history as the first cetacean species found only in North America to disappear forever from the planet. Fortunately, Mexico can stop this from happening. Will it? We'll find out when it announces a new plan to save the species on November 27. More than 30 groups have called on the President of Mexico to ensure the plan is aggressive and pulls out all the stops to save the vaquita.

Photo credit: Paula Olson (NOAA Contractor)

We know what's wiping them out: drowning after getting entangled in gillnets. And we know the two fisheries largely responsible: an illegal fishery for the endangered totoaba fish and a legal fishery for shrimp. The solution is to immediately ban the use of gillnets in all vaquita habitat, helping legal fishers to transition to vaquita-friendly gear and ferreting out and crushing the illegal totoaba fishery.

Great! Identify problem—vaquita going extinct; identify cause—gillnets; identify solution—ban gillnets. Sounds easy, right? Maybe on paper, but the reality is something quite different. We've known about this problem for years and the Mexican government has been trying to reverse the decline, without success. Unsurprisingly it's difficult to crush an illegal fishery that has the backing of drug cartels and is supplying demand for fish-bladder soup in Asia. And the shrimp fishery has continually resisted change, often with the support of Mexico's National Fishery and Aquaculture Commission. Thousands of families in the upper Gulf of California depend on fishing for their livelihoods and it takes time and effort to change traditions and cultures. Time the vaquita does not have.

Photo credit: Paula Olson (NOAA Contractor)

It's been reported, in recent weeks, that the Mexican government has reached an agreement with fishermen to institute a two-year ban on fishing in the northern Gulf of California. That would be brilliant news, if true. Of course, the devil's in the details. What exactly will be banned? All gillnets, or just gillnets in certain areas? Will it apply to all fisheries, or just shrimp? What enforcement steps will be taken to back up the ban? How does the ban fit into a strategy to eliminate the illegal totoaba fishery? According to reports, we'll find out answers to those questions on November 27 when the Mexican government is supposed to announce the ban.

That's why more than 30 organizations supporting whale and dolphin conservation have sent a letter to Mexican President Peña Nieto, urging an aggressive plan to save the vaquita. That plan must implement the recommendations made by the Fifth Meeting of the Comité Internacional para la Recuperación de la Vaquita, including a complete bar on the use of gillnets, no matter the target species, throughout the vaquita's habitat and vigorous enforcement of the ban utilizing all available resource tools, both within and outside Mexico. The plan must also include a personal request from Mexico for assistance from the United States and China to curb the demand for totoaba swim bladders. Only with these actions will the vaquita have a chance to survive.

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/this_week_in_whales_focus_ngos.html European Union and Norway Promise Additional Actions to Protect Polar Bears tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2014:/blogs/zsmith//242.17634 2014-11-11T18:07:51Z 2014-11-11T18:07:29Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

On Sunday, November 9, the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals adopted a Norwegian proposal to list polar bears on Appendix II of the Convention, which requires Norway and other members to enter into agreements that will restore polar bears to a "favorable conservation status." The members to the convention accepted the Norwegian proposal by consensus at their 11th meeting in Quito, Ecuador, recognizing the primary threat climate change poses to polar bears.

Photo: USFWS

This is very good news. The Appendix II listing should compel a new multilateral approach to polar bear protection and places an affirmative duty on Parties to the Convention, like Norway and members of the European Union, to strengthen polar bear protection through existing mechanisms, like the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, which still sanctions international trade of polar bear skins, skulls, and teeth from declining populations, and the Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears between the five polar bear range states — the United States, Canada, Russia, Norway, and Denmark (Greenland).

The additional recognition that more needs to be done to protect polar bears — the US, Norway, and Russia will lose their polar bear populations by the end of the century — places a new onus on states that have heretofore balked at extending additional protections. By admitting that polar bears would significantly benefit from additional concerted action, what now will the European Union member states and Norway do? For example, in the context of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, will they continue to thwart efforts to obtain greater protection for polar bears (voting at the most recent meeting of the convention against eliminating international trade in polar bear parts) or will they work constructively to put in place necessary limitations on unsustainable trade?

A new approach is necessary. Current protective measures and regimes are simply not up to the task of saving the species unless they are given an extra push. This listing underscores the need for urgent action. Unless we take steps now to curb arctic warming, strengthen populations by eliminating the global market for polar bear hides, and bar additional habitat degradation from industrial development, the future for polar bears is bleak: rapid habitat loss over the coming decades with reduced populations ultimately eking out an existence in Canada's Arctic Archipelago until that habitat also disappears.

With action like this out of CMS, I'm hopeful. We now have a promise of additional measures to save the polar bear before it's too late. Let's hold CMS and its members to their promise.

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/european_union_and_norway_prom.html This Week in Whales: Obama Creates Largest Marine Reserve; IWC Votes Against Japan's Antarctic Hunt; Newborn Killer Whale Spotted in WA... tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2014:/blogs/zsmith//242.17447 2014-09-25T19:11:36Z 2014-09-25T23:06:53Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

This week marks more than just the return of This Week in Whales. We're also cheering President Obama's creation of the largest fully protected marine reserve in the world and the birth of the first killer whale in Washington waters in more than two years. For the details, dear Readers, read on.

President Obama extends Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. This morning, President Obama announced the expansion of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument by six times its current size, creating the world's largest marine reserve that is off-limits to commercial resources extraction, including commercial fishing. The expansion will better protect the habitat of animals with large migration and foraging areas, like the Palmyra beaked whale, as well as biodiversity hotspots, like deep-sea coral and underwater mountains.

IWC votes against Japan's Antarctic hunt. The IWC adopted a resolution last week that establishes criteria for reviewing scientific whaling plans, essentially enshrining into IWC practice the ICJ decision from earlier this year that declared Japan's whaling program illegal. The criteria include consideration of whether a program needs to lethally sample whales to obtain data, the number of whales taken, and whether that number is truly justified. In a sad about-face from Japan's earlier intention to abide by the ICJ's decision and end its so-called "scientific whaling program," Japanese representatives this week stated their intention to revamp their program and submit for the scientific committee's consideration this fall, despite the new resolution. NRDC and our allies will continue to pressure Japan and the IWC to uphold the court's decision and end commercial whaling.

Newborn killer whale spotted in Washington. L pod, one of three extended families of killer whales in the Puget Sound, has apparently added one more to its number: a baby orca was spotted earlier this month near the San Juan Islands. This newborn is the population's first calf born since 2012 and could mark a new beginning for the Puget Sound population, which has been steadily declining due in part to a decline in available Chinook salmon, the animals' favorite meal. [Note: Both articles quote Ken Balcomb of the Center for Whale Research, who also figures extensively in War of the Whales, the story of Balcomb and NRDC's long fight to hold the U.S. Navy accountable for the effects of their sonar testing on whales. Check it out!]

This Week in Funky Research Techniques: Mucus-harvesting drones. A team of Massachusetts engineering students has developed the "Snot Bot," a drone that can hover directly in whales' spray of mucus. Gross, but also useful: similar to a blood sample, a whale's mucus contains hormones that allow researchers to tell whether the whale is stressed. Next up for the team is providing data to guide the development of federal rules to govern the use of such technology in marine research. Revealing a Catch-22, the drones meant to measure stress may also cause stress, which will have to be considered by the federal agency charged with protecting whales.

And speaking of drones: Vancouver Aquarium uses a drone to monitor killer whales. Killer whale experts from the Vancouver Aquarium teamed up with NOAA scientists over the last month to use a drone to monitor the health of killer whales. From above, scientists can see much more detail, such as the length-to width ratio that helps to determine pregnancy and assess starvation levels. According to news reports, the drone – which can fly nearly 100 feet above the water – didn't appear to disturb the whales or disrupt their behavior. Check out some of the footage below.

Meanwhile, this week in Wales...

Happy birdthday Friends of the Earth Cymru! Keep up the good work. Here's to 30 more years advocating for the environment!

This blog was written with NRDC's Marine Mammal Protection Project's assistant, Julie Mendel. Thanks Julie!

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/this_week_in_whales_obama_crea.html We Need President Obama to Save Whales from Navy Exercises tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2014:/blogs/zsmith//242.17172 2014-07-25T19:53:36Z 2014-07-25T20:48:04Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

This week, the Natural Resources Defense Council launched a petition drive asking President Obama to protect whales from deadly sonar and explosives.

It's action the world's marine mammals desperately need. At home, the Navy is engaged in exercises that will inflict more than 31 million instances of harm on whales and dolphins over the next five years, including millions of instances of temporary hearing loss and more than 13,000 instances of permanent hearing loss or injury to internal organs. The Navy's modeling also showed that its activities could kill nearly 1,000 whales and dolphins. And abroad, as my colleague Michael Jasny has written, the Navy's activities continue to be implicated in whale strandings, the most recent occurring a few months ago on the shores of Crete.

We shouldn't have to accept these losses and we wouldn't have to if the National Marine Fisheries Service—the agency charged with protecting marine mammals—did its job. At the beginning of the Obama administration, the White House asked for an accounting from the Fisheries Service over a midnight regulation authorizing the Navy to harm whales along our coasts. That agency agreed that more needed to be done, made promises to fix its failings, and noted that the best way to protect whales and dolphins was to keep Navy sonar out of important marine mammal habitat. Unfortunately, the Fisheries Service broke its promise to do better and is standing by new regulations even worse than the ones it pushed through at the close of the Bush Administration.

It didn't have to be this way. Concerned citizens did everything they could to hold the Fisheries Service to its promise (submitted comments, attended hearings, wrote letters, signed petitions, engaged with Congress, supported development of new tools), urging the Fisheries Service to do its job and aggressively protect marine mammals from sonar and explosives. Instead, the agency authorized an unprecedented level of harm to whales and dolphins—harms that would have been significantly reduced if the regulatory agency had kept its promise to the White House.

Our Navy's been harming whales and dolphins for long enough. And the agency charged with protecting these animals has been letting the Navy get away with it, despite having the authority and obligation to require better protections. NRDC has been working for years to save marine mammals from Navy sonar, as detailed in the new book War of the Whales: A True Story. Our battle continues now in federal court, but we don't have to wait for Court action; the President can order these agencies to act.

I don't know when or why these agencies lost their way. But I do know that more can be done to save whales and dolphins from Navy sonar and explosives and that the President has the power to get these agencies back on track. I hope he uses it. The lives of whales and dolphins depend on it.

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/we_need_president_obama_to_sav.html Navy War Games May Be Disrupting More than Just Animals in Hawaii tag:switchboard.nrdc.org,2014:/blogs/zsmith//242.17148 2014-07-22T00:41:55Z 2014-07-22T04:27:13Z Zak Smith
Zak Smith, Attorney, Marine Mammal Protection Project, Santa Monica

The Navy's day-to-day training activities wreak havoc on the marine life unfortunate enough to be nearby. This is doubly true for their war games. And now, whales and dolphins may not be the only mammals impacted, as the latest exercises in Hawaii may have disturbed humans too.

This morning, at least one dive boat and one sport fishing boat heard what may have been intense sounds from the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercises taking place off of Hawaii right now. On the west side of the Big Island – south of Kawaihae Harbor, around Puako Bay – divers from the boat Kohala Diver set up for a dive just before 9 a.m. Almost immediately after getting in the water, the dive instructor surfaced and asked if the captain had left sonar equipment on, because he was hearing very loud sounds. People aboard the boat could hear it too – a two-toned sound about every 15 seconds.

When the instructor came up again, he said it was really hurting his ears. Other divers also complained of the annoyingly loud sound disrupting the normal peace and quiet of a dive. When boat captain Stephen Creamer jumped in to check it out, he said he'd "never heard anything that loud before" in his nearly 50 years of diving.

He'd seen a military ship on the horizon about 10 miles away and didn't want the company's customers to have a negative experience, so he moved north for the tour's next dive spot, hoping to get away from the sound.

For a moment, they seemed to be clear of the noise. But then it started again. Faint at first, and then getting louder and louder and disrupting the divers.

Captain Creamer, who's been with Kohala Divers for more than eight years, said he'd never experienced anything like it. He alerted the Coast Guard (which didn't know what was going on) and the Jupiter Research Foundation (which started investigating). The Navy is supposed to follow protocols to protect people from its war games (if that's where this sound came from) and certainly isn't supposed to bombard divers with disruptive sounds.

Thankfully, no divers are known to have sustained injury (the way whales and dolphins may suffer temporary or permanent hearing loss), and local businesses didn't have to cancel trips due to the noise. But it does lead one to wonder: what happened? Aren't people supposed to be protected from the impacts of these activities? And if the sound was that loud for divers and passengers above board, what must those sounds be like for the marine life that relies on sound to survive in our oceans?

Divers today got a very minor taste of what these animals must endure. And the Navy readily admits that its training activities, including the RIMPAC exercises, harm whales and dolphins by blasting areas with sonar and other high-intensity noises or, literally, with explosives. Its own estimates project that its training and testing exercises will inflict more than 9 million instances of harm– including temporary and permanent hearing loss and even death – to marine mammals in the waters off Hawaii and Southern California over the next five years.

So while these "games" are just practice for the world's militaries, their potentially deadly and deafening impacts are very much everyday "real life" for the animals in our oceans … and all in the name of "practice."

 http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/navy_war_games_may_be_disrupti.html


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original Dp2 worth buying?
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I was wondering what everyone's verbal signals for their horses were? Like right now when I cluck to my mare it means trot, when I kiss it means canter. Etc. I want to get my horse more use to subtle verbal cues so that I can use less leg and hand motion.
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It offers a great selection of fresh, sometimes organic, produce; really good bread, fresh-made mozzarella and crabcakes; fresh herbs by the bunch and ready-to-plant; and assorted olives (spice, citrus, stuffed with garlic), and an assortment of barrel pickles! Also honey and honey products; more to come as the season progresses.
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text: Kelsey Abraham, left, and Rylee Flowers stand with some of the items collected for the silent auction for Putnam City North High School's Heisman Week. A silent auction on Friday will be the first of many events Putnam City North High School students are staging to help Allie, 4, and Dylan, 14, who have life-threatening illnesses. Photo provided


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The only type of knee socks that I've come across are wool. Is there another type out there that makes more sense? This is what Lapa Rios suggests.
"Sports socks that go up to your knees (this is to make sure you don't get a rash when wearing our rubber boots on the rainforest hikes)."


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Definitions for habenaria elegans
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slender inland rein orchid similar to coastal rein orchid but with pale greenish-yellow flowers
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Your best chance of surviving colorectal cancer is if your doctor finds and treats it early. The best way to find it early is with a regular screening test. Screening tests look for problems in people who don't have symptoms. There aren't routine screening tests for most cancers, but there are several tests that screen for colorectal cancer. Some of these tests also screen for abnormal growths called polyps, which might be found and removed before they have a chance to turn into cancer. Screening can be effective if your doctor finds polyps or cancer before you have symptoms. Then your doctor must follow up with a good treatment plan. These are the main screening tests for colorectal cancer:
Fecal occult blood test or fecal immunochemical test. These tests look for hidden blood in the stool. Hidden blood is called occult. Blood vessels in cancers or precancerous growths called polyps are easily broken during a bowel movement. This may cause blood to show up in the stool.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy. Your doctor uses this test to look at your rectum and lower colon, called the sigmoid colon. For the test, your doctor inserts a thin, lighted tube with a small video camera on the end into your rectum. The tube is called a sigmoidoscope. Your doctor may take tissue samples called biopsies of anything that looks unusual.
Colonoscopy. Your doctor uses this test to look at your rectum and your entire colon. It uses a long, lighted tube with a small video camera on the end called a colonoscope. The doctor inserts the scope into your rectum and through your colon. The doctor looks for growths called polyps, which can be removed. They are usually noncancerous or benign. Some polyps, though, can turn into cancer.
Barium enema. This test is also called a double contrast barium enema or an air contrast barium enema. A liquid called barium is put into the rectum with an enema. This chalky-white liquid coats the lower part of your intestine, making it easier to see during X-rays. Air is pumped in as well to expand the colon and rectum. Then a technician takes a series of X-rays to show any abnormalities in your colon and rectum.
Virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography). This test is a special type of CT scan of the colon and rectum. Once the CT images are taken, a computer is used to combine them to create a three-dimensional picture, which allows the doctor to look for polyps or cancer.
Colonoscopy is the only test that allows the doctor to view the entire colon and rectum and remove pieces of any abnormal areas for testing. If you have any of the other tests and something suspicious is found, you will likely need a colonoscopy.
Some of these tests may be uncomfortable and a little embarrassing. However, the sooner your doctor finds a polyp, the more likely it can be removed before it becomes cancer. Keep in mind, though, that screening doesn't guarantee that you won't get cancer. But if cancer is found at an early stage during screening, treatment is more likely to be effective.
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Patient Comments: Dizziness - Causes
What caused your dizziness?
Comment from: Marie, 65-74 Female (Patient) Published: December 05
I was feeling fine when I went to sleep. It was extremely cold in the house, and I slept in a draft, when I woke up, even my head was cold. I stood up and I was very dizzy, I had to hold onto the walls. I felt lightheaded. I take Benicar for high blood pressure.
Comment from: DIZZINESS, 45-54 Male (Patient) Published: November 25
Comment from: shanna, 45-54 Female (Patient) Published: August 25
I had a root canal and still on antibiotics but I am so dizzy, I can't deal with it.
Comment from: Dmv, 55-64 Male (Patient) Published: July 30
I often get dizzy when I stand up too quickly or really exert myself.
Comment from: Marsha, 55-64 Female (Patient) Published: March 21
I too have had a constant dizzy feeling 24/7 for about a yr. and a half now. I had an MRI, PT, saw an ENT, took Xanax, chiropractic, massage, acupuncture, and nothing cures it. I supposedly have Benign Positional Vertigo that just came about one day. Some days are unbearable because I just want to feel NORMAL again. Can't do anything quickly anymore! I get depressed from it at times - very discouraged that nothing helps it go away! I am only 58 and don't want this for 30 yrs. if I have that long to live! What about "Vestibular Therapy" from a PT? I really would like some answers and I like to do things naturally rather than pills that just mask the situation.
Comment from: Teresa A., 55-64 Female Published: September 27
I bumped my forehead 8 days ago. Following a mild concussion I had an MRI scan which showed a small amount of calcification to the back of my brain. My blood pressure was high following the bump.
Comment from: Leanne, 45-54 Female (Patient) Published: January 26
I have been struggling with dizziness for about 8 years. Sometimes I get so dizzy that I can't walk. When it first happened I was sent to an ear specialist that felt my crystals in my inner ear had fallen out of place. After strapping me in a chair and flipping around, nauseated instantly I had to remain upright for 48 hours. At this point lying down was not an option, dizzy spins took over. The crystal thing didn't seem to work as I still struggle with dizziness regularly. Recently I have found out that I struggle with low blood pressure, no one has ever related the two. I guess low blood pressure is something that is in my family (distant) some days are worse than others and when I am run down, sick or overtired the vertigo gets worse. The other day I took my blood pressure and it was 103/63, I am a 46 year old women.
Comment from: Starboy, 65-74 Male Published: January 10
I was doing my morning stretches with some sit-ups as usual for the last 38 years. Suddenly, I felt so dizzy I had to hang onto the coffee table while my symptoms subsided. I could not have stood on my feet. In about a minute, the dizziness declined, but any time I bent over or looked up it returned. I still feel strange and fragile. The room wasn't spinning; the dizziness was inside my brain. I am 67, healthy, strong and live a physically active lifestyle. I have slightly elevated blood pressure: I take one 81mg aspirin/day and no other medicines.
Patient Comments
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Dizziness - Diagnosis Question: Please describe your diagnosis of your dizziness.
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text:
Green Chile Squash Casserole
60 minutes
1 1/4 pound yellow summer squash, sliced, about 5 medium
3/4 teaspoon salt
1/4 teaspoon of garlic powder
1/8 teaspoon cayenne or chipotle pepper or use black pepper
1/4 cup butter
4 ounce can green chiles, drained and chopped
2 eggs, beaten
4 ounces cheddar cheese, shredded
2 ounces of monterey jack cheese shredded
How to make it
Cook the squash in boiling salted water until very soft; drain extremely well.
Mash the squash until chunky.
Add the butter and stir to melt in.
Season with salt, garlic powder and pepper.
Stir in all remaining ingredients and put in a greased casserole.
Bake, uncovered, 325º 60 minutes until set and browned.
Print it!


text:
Division of Developmental Disabilities Homepage
Individuals & Families
Division of Developmental Disabilities Homepage
Individuals & Families
The Solar Cottages are an Intermediate Care Facility for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ICF/ID).
Solar Cottages consists of four homes on the campus of BSDC that currently supports both men and women between the ages of 43 to 60 years old. Many of the individuals supported at the cottages work on the BSDC campus for Sheridan Industries while others work throughout the Beatrice community.
Jobs within the Solar Cottages ICF/ID currently include packaging, shredding paper, mail routes, working at a thrift store, off-campus paper routes, and many more.
In addition, individuals participate in various volunteer opportunities within the community; including helping at local churches and the community hospital.
While at home, individuals cook their own meals, do their own laundry and keep their homes tidy with staff support. Many individuals have unique interests and hobbies; including participation in Special Olympics, various sporting activities, gardening, art, and much more.The individuals living in the homes of the Solar Cottages ICF/ID have a wide range of abilities.
Solar Cottages specializes in serving individuals who might have multiple physical, behavioral and medical challenges; especially those with higher medical needs.
Contact Us
Documents in PDF format require the use of Adobe Acrobat Readerwhich can be downloaded for free from Adobe Systems, Inc.
Documents in PDF format require the use of Adobe Acrobat Readerwhich can be downloaded for free from Adobe Systems, Inc.


text:
Skip to content, or skip to search.
Skip to content, or skip to search.
Home > Restaurants >
156 Fifth Ave.,
Brooklyn, NY 11217
Tue, noon-10pm; Wed, noon-9pm; Thu, noon-10pm; Fri-Sat, 11am-10pm; Sun, 11am-9pm
B, Q at Seventh Ave.; R at Union St.; 2, 3 at Bergen St.
Cash Only
Accepted/Not Necessary
9th St. to DeKalb Ave., Washington Ave. to Hoyt St.
With a jumble of dishes from Italy, Mexico, Colombia, and the States, this family-run vegan joint is out to satisfy every continental craving. For owner Danny Carabano, this meant ditching the raw food and vegetable-heavy options in favor of a menu based on mock meat; he's got faux-chicken burritos and meatloaf on his menu. Admittedly, the soy- and wheat-based imitations are hit or misson the plus side, the empanadas are flaky and golden brown, and the lasagna (made from wheat flour, cashews, and soy) is tasty and filling. Despite the soothing charms of the olive gray walls and garden-green bamboo stalks, the hodgepodge cuisine can leave you disoriented. We say stick around for dessertthe peanut butter mousse and the brownie are both guaranteed sugar highs.Recommended Dishes
Lasagna, $12; peanut butter mousse, $6; brownie, $3


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Umbra World Of Darkness Cosmology
A selection of articles related to umbra world of darkness cosmology.
Original articles from our library related to the Umbra World Of Darkness Cosmology. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Umbra World Of Darkness Cosmology.
- Manifesting World Enlightenment: Part 3
- One of the very best ways to raise personal or group consciousness, is to MANIFEST spiritual Intentions into the environment at large. The projection of love into one's surroundings for instance, results in love being reflected back to the sender, like...
Mind >> World Mind
- Manifesting World Enlightenment: Part 2
- When thoughts are replaced by silence in the mind, perception arises. It is a part of the modern condition wherein the mind of humanity is constantly overwhelmed, by a million considerations and thoughts. In acquiring silence, the mind is enabled to get out...
Mind >> World Mind
- Raising the World Mind (GM10-11)
- Part 1 | Part 2 Part 1 The wise live in accord with natural laws. It is they who understand that the laws of nature are much higher than the laws of man, because breaking them implies penalties far greater than a fine or prison sentence. When a person...
Mind >> World Mind
- Manifesting World Enlightenment: Part 4
- There can be no doubt that the world situation today is grave. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the institutions, governments, and traditional methods of society, have little effectiveness in solving a collective crisis of global proportions. In this...
Mind >> World Mind
- Manifesting World Enlightenment: Part 5
- All things in the universe have at their basis, one fundamental essence which governs their creation, destruction and on-going actions. That singular essence is consciousness, (also known by some as God, or the Unified Field). Everywhere in Nature does...
Mind >> World Mind
- Manifesting World Enlightenment: Part 1
- Amazing things take root and grow, from the minds of the world. Human creations are much more far reaching than mere cities and nations. We are also creators of mental and spiritual manifestations , and these are of world changing scope! Humans are idea and...
Mind >> World Mind
- The World Mind and Consciousness (GM4)
- Few would argue the fact that today's world is literally permeated with conflict at every level of society. Yet the governments and institutions of the world are, for the most part, unable to alleviate the pain and fear that is increasing among us. Most...
Mind >> World Mind
Umbra World Of Darkness Cosmology is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Umbra World Of Darkness Cosmology books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- The Continuum
- On the Cosmology and Metaphysicks of Virtuals .
- www.evildrganymede.net
- Philippine Journal of Astronomy
- Jun 16, 2011 Eclipse: Voyage to Darkness and Light. Cosmology . telescope brands in the world.
- www.astroleaguephils.org
- The Theory of Fuzzy Sets: Beliefs and Realities
- world of mathematics into two parts: one part consisting of those who work in this field, to explain the presence of different shades of darkness in the umbra and in the ..
- www.sersc.org
- The Sixth Book of the 'Aeneid' Author(s): R. D. Williams Source
- pictures-of the world after death is built up from the rich and tangled heritage of . to allow the poet to reveal things deep hidden in darkness. It begins in est iter in siluis, ubi caelum condidit umbra ..
- www.dartonmoore.eclipse.co.uk
- Werewolf: the Apocalypse for Beginners (body)
- Umbra. The spirit world; the Shadow; the mystic inner workings of reality. Spirits dwell in the ..
- www.secretdoors.com
Suggested Web Resources
- Umbra (World of Darkness) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Cosmology. There are three Umbra or Spirit Realms in the World of darkness.
- en.wikipedia.org
- Old WOD: Umbral cosmology - Games-General-Discussions - General
- Archived from groups: alt.games.whitewolf (More info?
- www.tomshardware.com
- World of Darkness Cosmology & the Demon Gameline - Old World of
- The sensory deprivation described in Umbra: the Velvet Shadow is .. feel for the Adversary in any game using the "core" WOD cosmology. 3.
- forums.white-wolf.com
- Umbra - White Wolf Wiki - World of Darkness, Exalted, Trinity
- However, there is much more to Umbral cosmology than this. Directly " overlapping" the material world is a portion of the Umbra known as the the Penumbra.
- whitewolf.wikia.com
- Umbra World Of Darkness Penumbra | RM.com ®
- www.realmagick.com
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Umbra World Of Darkness Cosmology Topics
Related searchespower struggle between church and state
haloalkane iupac nomenclature
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kangaroo famous kangaroos
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Related books
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Dade County, Georgia GenealogyEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
|This Georgia-related article is a stub. You can help by expanding it.
While this page is under construction, may we suggest Cyndi's List.
United States Georgia Dade County
County Courthouse
Parent County
1837--Dade County was created 25 December 1837 from Walker County.
County seat: Trenton [1]
Boundary Changes
Record Loss
1865 and 1895 -- Courthouse burned and many records were damaged.
For further information on researching in burned counties, see the following:
Populated Places
Neighboring Counties
- DeKalb County, Alabama
- Hamilton County, Tennessee
- Jackson County, Alabama
- Marion County, Tennessee
- Walker
Local Histories
- Wills and Estates 1884-1886 (digital images) Georgia Pioneers
- Index to Appraisements, Inventories, Sales 1853-1877 Georgia Pioneers
- Index to Will Bk A 1903-1948 Georgia Pioneers
- Index to Wills, Minutes, Estates, Bk B 1884-1904 Georgia Pioneers
Vital Records
- 1859-60, 1869-70, 1879-80 - Dade County, Georgia Genealogy Mortality Schedules at Ancestry ($).
- 1859-60, 1869-70, 1879-80 - Dade County, Georgia Genealogy Mortality Schedules at Ancestry ($).
Societies and Libraries
Family History Centers
Web Sites
- USGenWeb project. May have maps, name indexes, history or other information for this county. Select the state, then the county.
- Family History Library Catalog
- Dade County, Georgia Genealogy and Family History (Linkpendium)
- Georgia Pioneers Georgia Pioneers
- ↑ The Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America,10th ed. (Draper, UT:Everton Publishers, 2002).
Need wiki, indexing, or website help? Contact our product teams.
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text:
Crash Bash
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Crash Bash (or Crash Bandicoot Carnival in Japan) is the fifth video game for the Crash Bandicoot series. In this game, a variety of mini-games are available for the player to play. The warp rooms were brought back here.
Release dates[change | change source]
PlayStation[change | change source]
- North America: November 6, 2000
- Europe: December 1, 2000
- Japan: December 14, 2000
PlayStation Network[change | change source]
- Japan: March 21, 2008


text:
My best ideas happen after midnight! Especially on the days I plan on taking a baby nap after work and find myself 4 hours later, dark outside and I'm wide awake! 266 more words
Tags » Smart Balance
"Gluten Free" and "Dairy Free" Pancakes!
Dates & Peanut Butter. Two of My Favorite Things!
Goood morning! Did you have a nice and relaxing weekend like I did? I hope so! The weekends go by too quickly. But at least there's only five more days till Friday and then it's Easter. 142 more words
Market Study: Smart Balance, Inc. - Company Capsule
Consumer Packaged Goods's "Smart Balance, Inc. – Company Capsule" contains in depth information and data about the company and its operations. The profile contains a company overview, key facts, major products and services, financial ratios, key competitors, financial analysis, key employees as well as company locations and subsidiaries. 276 more words
Smart Balance® Vegan Peanut Butter
Knowing that a product is vegan is almost enough in itself to give me the "OK" to purchase it. However, Smart Balance® peanut butter (my personal favorite being the rich roast creamy, as pictured below) is vegan, non-gmo, AND gluten free! 135 more words
Double Chocolate Coffee Protein Shake
One of my go-to breakfasts during the summer are protein shakes or smoothies. Heavy bowls of hot oatmeal or eggs don't really work for me during this season since it is so hot outside–cold smoothies are refreshing for these humid, hot days. 164 more words
Crunchy Garlic Chicken
So this recipe was created when I attempted to make Jamie Oliver's version of a chicken dish and went rogue. Way rogue. I'm glad I did because it is so good it is a staple in our house and one of the few healthy meals that my boyfriend actually requests. 314 more words


text:
Etsy | Tumblr | Society6
Purchase this print here.
photo © MonsterBrand
*This male Reticulated Giraffe was following a female around and
engaging in a sort of courtship ritual (by rubbing his face on her head
and neck). She was obviously disinterested in his attempts and kept
walking away, only to find something to eat. He seemed to get a
little frustrated and began waving his head back and forth in
frustration and bending his neck every which way, then gave up
chasing the ladies for awhile. Poor guy
*What you're looking at in the photo is actually the underside
of his jaw.
*Part of my "One photo a day for an entire year" Project.
You can follow the progress of this one-year-long project
here in my DeviantArt gallery: monsterbrand.deviantart.com/ga…
- Featured by here: devpremium.deviantart.com/jour…
- Featured by here: artisticanimals.deviantart.com…
- Featured by here: eclipxphotography.deviantart.c…
- Featured by HERE
I love giraffes too!!!! And this has got to be one of the best pictures of a giraffe that I have ever seen. Excellent shot!!! I think he posed for you lol.
I love giraffes!!! They're my favorite animal besides dragons!
wonderful shot
Sesame Street! I watch it on PBS. Great timing. You have to keep your eye on the mane to know which way he's going. Truly weird looking until you figure it out.
That almost doesn't look possible! Great shot!
We saw a few Giraffes doing this exact thing this past weekend. Wonderful creatures they are!
Idk why but I just love this pic!
I got to feed a giraffe at Brevard zoo when I was in Florida.
Fact: Giraffes have the same amount of neck bones as humans.
LoL that name xD
OMG! This is so cool, I didn't know they could do that!
Very cute capture!
Amazing photograph, really unusual
hehe, looks cool
Lol... Great shot ;D
Haha, very sporty
Amazing shot!
Such an unusual perspective.
Not the regular giraffe photograph you see everyday! :]
Such an unusual perspective.
Not the regular giraffe photograph you see everyday! :]
I really like how it is difficult to distinguish which side is the top of its head
Should they even bend that way
Nice shot. Excellent timing.
Giraffes: One of the many pieces of evidence proving God has a sense of humor.
Giraffes: One of the many pieces of evidence proving God has a sense of humor.
Lovelly giraffe =]
What a great capture! it looks like that could hurt twisting your neck like that xD
And the number 2.
Great capture. Very expressive.
Aww the poor guy.


text:
By Matthew Archbold | My wife and I recently attended a sports banquet for one of our kids' sports teams at a local restaurant. It was one of those events that I wanted to go to about as much as I wanted to get three teeth pulled. But my wife… (0)
I'd Kill Myself if I Had That Many Kids
Filed UnderNews


text:
When the BIOS detects the drive, does it say that it's a master or slave drive?
Hey everyone maybe you guys could shed some light on my little dilemma.
I bought one of these ( EBay Item ) but when I put it on the 2.5 laptop drive that I have already formatted in my laptop; My carputer, or my PC will see it in BIOS but will not boot off the drive. Has anyone else experienced any thing like this before? I was thinking it might have something to do with the MBR because it was formatted and installed on a laptop then thrown into a PC, but after I formatted the drive on my laptop, windows XP setup will still fail to see the drive. I also tried installing the 3rd party adaptors in the xp setup just for the hell of it, still didn't work. Any help would be awesome, thanks again guys.
And what happens when it 'doesn't boot'. Does it display an error after the BIOS, get partway through windows startup and crash?
When BIOS finds the drive its the master so and when I try to boot off the drive
I get the no operating system found error, and when I try to install windows, the XP setup says it sees no drive. I have never seen anything like this before, but this is also the first time i ever used a 2.5" converter, thanks for the input guys!


text:
Getting into affiliate marketing is a great move for the business person who wants to make some extra income.
You must put time and effort into your venture in order to succeed. These tips will help you to make a success out of your affiliate marketing business and start earning the profits that you seek.
To find your audience before you even mention your product, create a series of videos
Record a short video of yourself talking about a different topic every week, or about the same topic under different angles. Post them on a popular video hosting website. Once you have enough followers, do a video about the product you are selling.
Bullet lists are a great way to show off product benefits. Having a bulleted list gives readers who don't want to read your whole article, a place to see what they like about your product. It also provides a break in an article, adding to its visual appeal.
Make sure that the affiliate program that you are signing on with has a great reputation. If you find a company that does not have a good reputation, you may find yourself working for nothing. You may work for hours to get things going well on your end, only to not be paid in the end.
You should never pay to join an affiliate network. A network is an affiliate marketing group that can link you to many different partners who want to advertise on your website. A good network can enhance the effectiveness of your affiliate program and diversify the products and services you can offer. A network that demands up-front membership fees, though, is never a good network.
Never link from your site to any spammers or blacklisted sites. Doing so will not only drop your rankings like a stone, but it also increases the chances that the search engine crawler will consider you a spammer as well, resulting in your site becoming blacklisted. Check your link-ups carefully to prevent this!
The most important thing you can do to achieve success in affiliate marketing is choose the right product. The certainly are a lot of dodgy mortgage loan scams and acai berry supplements for weight loss out there, but associating yourself with products that have such a poor reputation will just harm your own reputation, reducing sales in the future.
One important aspect to remember when constructing a site for your affiliate product is that the site actually has to be built for that product. You can't build a personal site that deals with your home movies if you're trying to sell someone's weight-loss products. You need the theme of your site to fit the product.
Eating healthily will provide you with the energy needed for late night coding sessions. Affiliate marketing can be a very stressful endeavor, so try to keep your diet healthy to make sure you don't have any ill side effects from spending so much time at a computer fussing over statistics and links.
Check current news headlines to see if you can use them to your internet marketing advantage. A news story on electrical outages, for example, is perfect for you if you are in the solar industry. Use news stories for blog post ideas and real-life examples of why your product or service is a necessary purchase.
Internet marketing is one of the best ways to reach a very diverse audience. Years ago you were limited as to who you could reach with your product advertisements. With so many people from all over the world on-line, you can now market your products, literally, to the ends of the earth.
People do generally unsubscribe eventually, so you need to keep replacing your customers. If you are attempting to attract new customers, be certain that you send them your best emails as a way to catch their interest.
Keep track of the analytic involved with your email marketing campaigns. You will need to keep track of what emails were the most successful at driving traffic to your affiliates. As you build new subscribers, make sure to send them those emails that have already been proven to drive profits your way.
Use the tips and advice that were published in this article to help you in your journey to affiliate marketing success. Take the time to absorb all of the provided information, and apply it to your business plan to find the profits that you were seeking when you started your business.