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What online games do you have?
I have CoD4, Eye of Judgement, Warhawk, and resistance (but I dont like the game online), If you want to play, msg: SMCTwilight
What online games do you have?
I have CoD4, Eye of Judgement, Warhawk, and resistance (but I dont like the game online), If you want to play, msg: SMCTwilight
I have COD4 and GT5 prologue... although you can't really call that a game more of a demo of sorts.
I have Tekken DR Online, PES 2008 and Def Jam Icon, and after some weeks I will have GTA 4 I hope the release won't be displaced.
I have Tekken DR, Resistance, Call of Duty4 and Condemned.
I only Play Tekken and CoD 4 online.
Online games, hmm I only really play COD4 but I do also have Burnout Paradise, Guitar Hero III, Motorstorm, RFoM, COD3, Fight Night Round Round 3 and skate. I wanna get GTA IV an Little Big Planet later this year. I'm also in UK time if you wanna play, my PSN is wicked-insanity.
ive got COD4, Rainbow 6 Vegas 2 and Lair.
i have tekken online, warhawk and also resistance which i havent played for months.
Warhawk, Unreal Tournament 3, Orange Box 4 now with incoming tittle as Haze, GTA4, Dragon Ball Z Burst Limit and MGS Online there list will become a little more big that I expected.
i only have motorstorm haha
had warhawk, sold it.. only games i got online are cod4 and motorstorm, but i also got folklore and im getting gta iv special edition.
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Release date:
December 5, 2014
Studio: Gravitas Ventures
Director: Gillian Greene
MPAA Rating: N/A
Screenwriters: Christian Magalhars, Bob Snow
Starring: Nikki Reed, Greg Kinnear, Blythe Danner, Fran Kranz, J.K. Simmons
Duration: N/A
Copyright Holder: N/A
Copyright: N/A
Official website: GravitasVentures.com/Murder-of-a-Cat
Plot Summary:
Clinton Moisey is an iconoclastic, artisan action-figure designer who still lives in his mom's basement, and is, by the standards of the world, a full-blown loser. But Clinton doesn't have time to care about what others think of him; he's too busy running a yard sale where he promotes his hardboiled detective toy line with his pet cat and best friend, "Mouser." When Clinton wakes up one morning to find Mouser impaled by a crossbow arrow, he is devastated. Realizing that the local Sheriff is only interested in flirting with his mom, Clinton sets off on his own to find out who killed Mouser and why. As Clinton delves deeper into the case, he encounters a free-spirited weed dealer and part-time hair stylist to the elderly, a squeaky-clean Korean store clerk with a dark side, and a local celebrity on the verge of a nervous breakdown, ultimately uncovering a town-wide conspiracy far greater than he ever imagined. The comedic "Murder of a Cat" is a modern-day film noir set in the mundane world of the suburbs.

subset: commoncrawl


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Recent Session of Jade
These figure studies of Jade was photographed using a small softbox and one large white umbrella. Below is a few images from that series that I'm currently editing and will add when finished.
Posted by mackie on 2 Jun, 2009 Photos | Views: 796 | No Comments


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Very enjoyable day. Particularly enjoyed Puffing Billy, Very good lunch, the winery visits were very much the same and a bit rushed because we were delayed at the first lunch stop.
Great day out and very enjoyable. Really enjoyed the chance to see a bit of Yarra valley and to taste the local wines. Only negative was the meal at the first winery, Rochford, which imho was not up to much and not worth the money.
Puffing Billy was a bit of fun too and a nice alternative for the first half of the day.
Credit to the organizing team and to the driver, Colin, who were very professional and made the whole day very relaxed.
This tour was amazing!
Loved the Puffing Billy experience and good wine tasting tour which followed.
Nice and friendly guide!
A good fun coach tour that has the added interest of the Puffing Billy steam train segment in the middle, that helps break up the travel. The coach driver and tour guide, Roger, gave interesting and entertaining travelogue dialog along the way. We opted for the lunch at the Rochford Winery and were not disappointed, the food was delicious. At each of the 3 winderies we visited the exclusive wine tasting demonstrations were informative. And of course we bought a few bottles along the way to take back to Brisbane. Recommended.
Very chilled trip and the tour guide explain everything really well.
Yarra Valley was great and vineries good. Puffing Billy Steam Train was okey.
Great trip---prebooked on line but everything was on time- even the train !! Visited 3 wineries and tasted 17 samples--excellent experience!!! Very knowledgable drivers and we met some interesting fellow travellers. Linda and Jeff
I must say it was a great tour. I was worried initially because it was going to be a long day. My husband and i found the tour guide informative and fun. Each stop had plenty of time to enjoy what they had to offer and relaxing at the same time. We would definitely consider another tour.
The tour was great. Our guide was very friendly and knowledgable. Loved puffing billy and wineries were very nice. Would recommend.
Had a wonderful time on this tour! short time on the Train but was a nice experience. Im not a great fan of wine but it was nice discovering so much on wineries and wine tasting was awesome.
The trip is value for money. The sceneries along the way were appealing. The wineries offering a range of wines for tasting was very generous indeed. The service was fantastic. The puffing train ride was enjoyable and fun.
Phillip R Australia
The tour was quite good. The staff at the Puffing Billy train station are very entertaining. The bus was very comfortable and the trip to the wineries was good. Maybe a few more wineries would have been good such as Coldstream Hills. We took our own lunch to Rochford winery and just bought a glass of wine. Thought the extra $40 pp for lunch was bit expensive. Some of the comments were not real good in regard to the food.
We had a wonderful day. The driver was knowledgeable, the lunch at the Winery was amazing and great scenery to enjoy. Loved the Puffing Billy Steam train ride. Would 100% recommend this tour.
A day of great variety from feeding wild cockatoos to riding a steam train to eating excellent food to tasting some amazing wines. Our bus driver was entertaining and informative. The day was let down by our last wine tasting. The hostess rushed us through the tastings and gave us no information about the wines at all - a total contrast to the first two wineries where the hosts showed good knowledge of their product and guided us through the tastings.
The tour guide cum driver is knowledgeable, pleasant, patience and ensuring that all under his care is taken care of 100%. This is because, Peter, the tour guide ensured that all of us in his tour are in the coach of the train reserved for us./p>
We really enjoyed this tour. It had enough elements in the day to keep the day interesting. The bus driver gave us interesting commentary and each element of the trip went smoothly. We would recommend this trip.
The bus guild was great nice and relaxing and the driver kept you entertained. Will do again when the weather is a bit warmer.
Beautiful destination, more time at Puffing Billy to admire the train would be nice.The ' aussie morning tea ' was a let down ,the package lamingtons were particularly embarrassing as surely we can do better than that ! Other patrons were dismayed at having to pay for a coffee if they did not want tea.
Everyone enjoyed the bird feeding. Lunch at winery was pleasant and visiting three different places suited all tastes.Driver and coach were of a high standard but it was a shame we were asked to be at the pickup point almost an hour early as it was very cold whilst waiting.
The Coach is comfortable and excellent for the wifi service. The tour guide is humorous and kind to us. The food is very delicious at Rochford winery.
Had a wonderful day. Adrian the bus driver was the best tour guide we've ever had. Friendly, informative kept disclosing interesting facts throughout the entire trip. Loved the wineries and thoroughly enjoyed the puffing billy. Thank you for a great day. Louise and Peter
We absolutely loved our ride on Puffing Billy and the tour of the Yarra Valley Wineries. Geoff ,our bus driver, was fantastic! Very knowledgeable,considerate and friendly. The highlight of the day was definitely Puffing Billy. Even though it was raining ; it was so much fun. We did find morning tea was a bit lack lustre however lunch at the Winery was absolutely beautiful.
this was a very relaxed day and well organised. The only thing we could fault was that, it said to wait at Federation Square but it didn't tell us that we needed to wait at the Russell St end so we were waiting at the Flinders Station end and with all the trains and trams I didn't hear my phone so we missed our bus. We were able to catch a later bus but missed the puffing billy ride. We would just like it to be made clear in the pick up details as not being local we didn't know all bus trips left at the other end. But it was still a great day out and very informative with very entertaining drivers. Very happy to help in anyway.
Would definitely go again or recommend it to my friends, (with instructions to wait at the correct end).
Perhaps the literature needs to be changed.
Had a great time taking the steam train and visiting the wineries... Is a relaxing trip!


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13 Apr 2000
According to a report by finance and accountancy recruitment specialist Stephen Beagent Associates, extending the licensing laws to open pubs 24-hours a day could cause a hangover for industry.
Home secretary Jack Straw said the change was needed because the present law was out of date and contributed to public order and policing problems.
But Stephen Beagent believes that while reform may assist the two million people employed in the alcohol, entertainment, hospitality, tourism and leisure industries, the impact of the proposed changes upon employers in the rest of the economy has been ignored.
Jane Sheehan, new business development executive said: 'Alcohol costs industry an estimated £2 billion per year and 75% of employers say alcohol misuse is a problem in their organisation, and that up to 25% of accidents at work involve intoxicated workers.'
Additionally, charity Alcohol Concern has estimated the annual cost of alcohol-related sickness absence is £964.37m.
Stephen Beagent also believes any increase in licensing hours could mean employers will face rising taxes and National Insurance contributions, unless the government invests the extra tax revenue from additional alcohol sales.
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One of the most common terms you'll hear in real estate investment and finance is "cap rate", which is short for capitalization rate. The cap rate is defined as the property's net operating income or NOI after expenses, divided by the value or the estimated value of the property. Learn why this is an important concept in real estate investing in this short video.
Presented by Bisnow with Professor Peter Linneman from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. This clip is from the Bisnow series called "Everything you Always Wanted to Know About Real Estate, But Were Afraid to Ask."
To access more educational real estate content, visit Bisnow. Use coupon code "Fundrise1" for a special Fundrise member discount.


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Register to update information, save favorites, post photos, news stories and comments.
Robert Leroy Johnson (May 8, 1911 – August 16, 1938) was an American blues singer-songwriter and musician. His landmark recordings in 1936 and 1937 display a combination of singing, guitar skills, and songwriting talent that has influenced later generations of musicians. Johnson's shadowy and poorly documented life and death at age 27 have given rise to much legend, including the Faustian myth that he sold his soul to the devil at a crossroads to achieve success. As an itinerant performer who played mostly on street corners, in juke joints, and at Saturday night dances, Johnson had little commercial success or public recognition in his lifetime.
List of links to Robert Johnson fansites:


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Reviews - Innkeeper's Lodge Norwich3
The Town House Crown Carvery, 18-22 Yarmouth Road, Norwich, NR7 0EF
Price FromView Rooms
Customer Reviews
Our reviews are from genuine LateRooms.com customers. We verify that the customer has stayed before leaving a review.
Very Good
77% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
The carvery is very generous, rooms are very clean, the staff are cheerful and helpful and this is a great bargain.
My only suggestion towards improvement is that economising on the loo paper is a false premise.
Read More Less
Innkeeper's Lodge Norwich
I waited 30 minutes to enter my room!
Convenient for city centre shopping
Don't stay in Room 12
I was allocated Room 12 which I discovered is situated above the extractor fan for the kitchens, The room stank of old cooking oil, strong enough to make you gag, and on asking to be moved, the duty manager tried to fob me off twice before another member of staff stepped in and helped me move to another room.
A continental style buufet breakfast is included in the price but the cups, glasses and bowls were dirty and clean ones had to be requested.
Read More Less
Good customer service and value for money
We really enjoyed our stay at the Innkeeper's Lodge, Norwich.
It is a little walk to the city centre, which we did during the day for shopping, but we got a taxi home after a night out which didn't cost much.
The staff were friendly and helpful. The food in the restaurant was quite good, service was quite slow though as they could do with a few more staff as I waited ages for sausages and bacon at breakfast. Our room was clean, tidy, well-equipped (lacking plug sockets though) and comfortable. It was very warm during the night, but we probably should have turned the radiator down. The view from the restaurant is lovely. Overall, a very nice stay.
Read More Less
Can't fault it
The staff were very welcoming and friendly I accidentally nocked my drink over and asked for more napkins which came promptly along with a half pint of Stella for free!!.
Superb !!. The rooms were excellent value for money, clean warm and roomy.
The food was good but not a lot of choice. Was a bit disappointed by the amount of gammon I was given at the carvery but if I'd have asked for more would probably have got some more. But value for money wise on the food front can't fault it. Beer was not expensive and a good choice
Would recommend without a doubt.
Read More Less
Overall impression was perfectly fine.
Carvery was cracking value for money although breakfast was a bit disappointing. 'Continental' breakfast comprised of cereal, fruit, toast or dried out croissants that were left out all morning. No ham or cheese or nice crusty rolls. They then ran out of milk so you couldn't even have cereal it was just toast. Then they ran out of cutlery and plates. Had to laugh really.
Read More Less
Great value and location
Great value for money and good location.
Ask for a river side room if you can as roadside a little noisy. Overall great staff and nice place.
Read More Less
Uni visit
A good base for b & b for Norwich.
Had a family room, everything was clean and sofa bed ready on arrival. Great friendly staff and happy to help. Nice selection on continental breakfast next morning, and was exactly what we needed for our visit to Norwich.
Read More Less
Poor waitress service
I had a meal on one of the three nights I was staying and the waitress service was very poor as I had a 3 course meal and in total it took 3.5 hours to complete.


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Originally posted by JiggyPotamus
But like I said, I seriously doubt they have THAT much classified information. And if not, why hasn't what they do have been processed and released?
Originally posted by Monsatan
reply to post by AzureSky
I still think they are being given free reign to wreak havoc as a reason to enact internet Id and a killswitch...They only know anon as "that hacking group"
Who better to use as a scapegoat once everything (censorship) is in place?edit on 14-5-2012 by Monsatan because: (no reason given)


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- There are currently no items in your Shopping Bag.
'Wild Horses' Eyeshadow & Blush Palette
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Want a consultation with an expert?
Chat with a Beauty Stylist or call 1.800.7beauty.
Chantecaille introduces the Wild Horses eyeshadow and blush palette, a trio of rich autumnal eyeshadow shades and one blush shade designed to effortlessly complement trends on the Fall 2013 runways.
Shades include:
- Black Stallion eyeshadow: a midnight black with a whisper of shimmer.
- Palomino eyeshadow: a soft creamy beige.
- Mustang eyeshadow: a warm chestnut brown illuminated with gold flecks.
- Freedom blush: a flattering sunset pink.
The Wild Horses palette was created to bring awareness to the decline of acreage available to wild horses throughout the United States. In the past 40 years, over 22 million acres of land has been taken over by the cattle, fracking and mining industries. By conserving land for horses, not only are herds saved but the environment is protected from unnecessary pollution.
- By Chantecaille.
- Chantecaille will donate 5% of proceeds from sales of the Wild Horses Eyeshadow & Blush Palette to the Humane Society of the United States to support their efforts to save wild horses.


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packaging by yatesdav123Watch
©2009-2016 yatesdav123
I have to say, the fact that the closing tabs make a heart is really clever.
good,but for chocolate i think this colors not Appropriate!
what is it made for?
hey what's up... I like this packaging... Do you have the template for this?
Really stunning idea...
Would it be possible to ask for the template ?, I have this project to do, and I think that the shape of the box would be perfect for it, if you don't mind me using it that is...?


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White Chocolate Pretzel Snack Recipe
5 4
I make these sweet crunchy treats often during holidays. They're nice to have on hand to serve or to take as a hostess gift. This is extremely easy to make, and my children love to help. —Estelle Cummings Cambridge, Maryland
- 1/2 cup pretzel sticks
- 1/2 cup salted peanuts
- 1/2 cup crisp rice cereal
- 4 ounces white baking chocolate, chopped
- 1 teaspoon shortening
- In a large bowl, combine the pretzels, peanuts and cereal. In a microwave, melt chocolate and shortening, stir until smooth.
- Pour over pretzel mixture; toss to coat evenly. Drop by heaping tablespoonfuls onto waxed paper; cool. Yield: 1 dozen.
Originally published as White Chocolate Pretzel Snack in Reminisce March/April 2005, p50
Reviews for White Chocolate Pretzel Snack
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Any changes to your rating or review will appear where you originally posted your review


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November 10, 2007 · Filed under Uncategorized
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September 20, 2007 · Filed under Uncategorized
Welcome to WordPress.com. This is your first post. Edit or delete it and start blogging!
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Blog at WordPress.com. | The Greenery Theme.
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Reviewed By PETER S (AUSTIN, TX) Reviewed for a 2009 Acura TSX —12/7/2015 10:40 AM
OMG! Cannot believe how much better and safer I feel with these on as opposed to factory brakes. Old rotors were always warping and brakes squealed all the time at any speeds. Heard the same complaints from other TSX drivers. No more vibrations while braking and more importantly no more squealing when braking! I feel like I can stop much better with these as well. Wish I had them since day 1.


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Belly Dancer by LorenzoDiMauroWatch
©2013-2016 LorenzoDiMauro
Senza togliere nulla al resto, mi piace molto come disegni questi visetti graziosi e un po' birichini.
love this
Wow! Her face is absolutely gorgeous!! Amaaazing work!
Nice coloring with a subtle "vintage touch"
Nice coloring with a subtle "vintage touch"
A fantastic work my friend...
wow this looking so beautiful !!!! love it !!
very beautiful work!
I love the grey and pink tones in this!
got love a beautiful woman that can belly dance
Awesome work! Love this!
amazing work
Im in love now... and not with you DiMauro, shoo shoo away with you my heart belongs to her^^
Who can blame you, my friend? I fully understand


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July 17, 2013
PMTV-HD: L'Damian Washington
HOOVER, Ala. -- Gary Pinkel, James Franklin, L'Damian Washington and Andrew Wilson represented Mizzou football at the 2013 SEC Media Days. Before they made their rotation through the SEC Media gauntlet they spoke with the local media.
See what Washington had to say in this PMTV-HD Video Feature.
L'Damian Washington 2013 SEC from PowerMizzou on Vimeo.


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Infectious diseases often create a second wave of disaster. Lack of shelter and continued bad weather are leading to widespread acute respiratory infections, are becoming the biggest public health threat since the typhoon.
Here in the US, we think about energy poverty as being oceans away in Africa or Asia - see President Obama's new Power Africa initiative. But while ...
When Typhoon Haiyan made landfall in the Philippines a week ago, the destruction was swift, total and unsparing--showing the disproportionate impact o...
We leave today with amazing memories of four days of camaraderie and self-discovery. I travel frequently to the countries of WWO and am in awe of the work. I find myself inspired by the children who we serve.
Worldwide Orphans is working hard to understand all that affects at-risk children in the countries where we work. We can't solve all the problems, but we know the issues and we work with other partners to address these issues.
The vitality of street commerce enticed me to overcome my sadness about the degradation of urban life in Haiti; there is a flourish in the market place and the beauty of those Sunday faces is intoxicating.
Where I had run the days before the earthquake, there were now dead people in the street. Houses were crushed. The air was dense with dust. It was hard; so many people had lost their lives. But life had to go on.
Despite the best of intentions, there is only so much anyone is capable of doing and there is only so much emotional energy available to invest. It's hard to be heroic all the time.
After 200,000 years of trying to wipe us out, and getting damn close once, we finally have the upper hand. That's right. We're changing the climate. We're shaking things up (Literally. We can make our own earthquakes now).
We tend to focus on what is wrong with relief and aid, and in some cases it is justified. But it is time we recognize the people who are dedicating their lives, long after the world has moved on, to chipping away at the work that remains to be done in Haiti.
Vodou has been maligned for decades by those with little direct experience of it. However, Vodou has been the one constant during varying Haitian crises, representing more than 50 percent of the Haitian population.
My friends tease me, telling me I have to relax. But the truth is that we never know when these things might happen, and it's better to be prepared for the worst should the unwanted ever unfold.
During a recent visit to Haiti, I visited homes at internally displaced persons locations throughout Port-au-Prince and noticed a general void of mosq...
Haiti is not an easy place to fight disease even in the best of times. For decades, poverty, government instability and other realities often stood in the way of success. This is why the recent data showing Haiti is protecting its entire population from lymphatic filariasis is a milestone.
During the weekend of June 7-9, 2013, I had the honor to participate on a panel at the Left Forurm 2013: The largest annual intellectual conference of...
One of the benefits of being an old guy and living in Washington, D.C., is that I have had the privilege of meeting almost every U.S. President since Eisenhower.


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Are you Asaf Wilensky?Claim your profile
Publications (29)104.71 Total impact
Article: CX 3 CR1 hi Monocytes Support Bacterial Survival and Experimental Infection-driven Bone Resorption[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Porphyromonas gingivalis, an anaerobic bacterium strongly linked to infection-driven inflammatory bone erosion, thrives within a highly inflamed milieu, and disseminates to distant sites such as atherosclerotic plaque. We examined the role of monocyte/macrophages in determining the outcome of infection with P. gingivalis. Surprisingly, transient monocyte/macrophage depletion led to greatly improved clearance of P. gingivalis. The chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 play a major role in monocyte recruitment and differentiation to Ly6Chi vs. CX3CR1hi subsets, respectively. To determine the contribution of particular monocyte/macrophage subsets to bacterial survival, we challenged chemokine receptor knock-out mice, and found that P. gingivalis clearance is significantly improved in the absence of CX3CR1. CX3CR1hi monocyte/macrophages promote P. gingivalis survival by down-regulating neutrophil phagocytosis. Furthermore, CX3CR1 knock-out mice resist bone resorption in the oral cavity following challenge with P. gingivalis. Our findings provide an explanation for bacterial co-existence alongside an activate neutrophil infiltrate.
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Periodontitis is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of humans. The microbial etiology of the disease is well documented, as is the major role of the host response in disease pathogenesis. As natural killer cells are one of the most important components of innate immunity against bacteria and viruses, they can be expected to act as major players in the development of the disease. Through direct interaction with periodontal pathogens, natural killer cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that subsequently may lead to tissue destruction. Indeed, using a murine periodontitis model, such mechanisms have been shown to be involved in bacterial-induced alveolar bone loss. In the present review we document the available literature and evidence base regarding the origin, biology and characteristics of natural killer cells, and their interactions with periodontal pathogens. The potential role of natural killer cells in periodontal pathogenesis and the mechanisms involved are discussed. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Article: Distinct Murine Mucosal Langerhans Cell Subsets Develop from Pre-dendritic Cells and Monocytes[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Langerhans cells (LCs) populate the mucosal epithelium, a major entry portal for pathogens, yet their ontogeny remains unclear. We found that, in contrast to skin LCs originating from self-renewing radioresistant embryonic precursors, oral mucosal LCs derive from circulating radiosensitive precursors. Mucosal LCs can be segregated into CD103(+)CD11b(lo) (CD103(+)) and CD11b(+)CD103(-) (CD11b(+)) subsets. We further demonstrated that similar to non-lymphoid dendritic cells (DCs), CD103(+) LCs originate from pre-DCs, whereas CD11b(+) LCs differentiate from both pre-DCs and monocytic precursors. Despite this ontogenetic discrepancy between skin and mucosal LCs, the transcriptomic signature and immunological function of oral LCs highly resemble those of skin LCs but not DCs. These findings, along with the epithelial position, morphology, and expression of the LC-associated phenotype strongly suggest that oral mucosal LCs are genuine LCs. Collectively, in a tissue-dependent manner, murine LCs differentiate from at least three distinct precursors (embryonic, pre-DC, and monocytic) in steady state. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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ABSTRACT: Gingival pyogenic granuloma is a relatively common benign form of mucocutaneous lesion. Although surgical excision is considered to be the standard care, several reports have demonstrated a high recurrence rate of the lesion. In this case report a nonsurgical protocol to treat recurring gingival pyogenic granuloma and prevent further recurrence is suggested. The protocol includes strict oral hygiene instructions, scaling, root planing, and maintenance treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of conservative nonsurgical management of recurrent gingival pyogenic granuloma lesions.
Article: Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipains Selectively Reduce CD14 Expression, Leading to Macrophage Hyporesponsiveness to Bacterial Infection[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Cysteine proteases (gingipains) from Porphyromonas gingivalis are key virulence factors in chronic periodontitis. Innate immune receptors CD14, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 are important in P. gingivalis recognition. We examined the ability of gingipains to cleave CD14, TLR2 and TLR4, and the consequences for the cellular response to bacterial challenge. Macrophages were exposed to Arg (RgpA and RgpB)- and Lys (Kgp)-gingipains, and residual expression of TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 was determined by flow cytometry. The cellular response to live bacteria following exposure to purified gingipains was evaluated by TNFα production and bacterial phagocytosis. RgpA and Kgp decreased CD14 detection in a concentration (p = 0.0000002)- and time (p = 0.03)-dependent manner, whereas RgpB had no significant effect. TLR2 and TLR4 expression were unaffected. Reduction in CD14 expression was more efficient with Lys-gingipain than with Arg-gingipain. A reduced CD14 surface level correlated with decreased TNFα secretion and bacterial phagocytosis following challenge with live P. gingivalis, but the response to heat-killed bacteria was unaffected. Therefore, gingipains reduce CD14 expression without affecting expression of the bacterial-sensing TLRs. Reduced CD14 expression depends on the gingipain hemagglutinin/adhesion site and results in macrophage hyporesponsiveness to bacterial challenge. Further studies are needed to determine if reduced CD14 expression is linked to periodontitis induced by P. gingivalis. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Article: Genotype is an important determinant factor of host susceptibility to periodontitis in the Collaborative Cross and inbred mouse populations[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Periodontal infection (Periodontitis) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which results in the breakdown of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that resistance to chronic periodontitis is controlled to some extent by genetic factors of the host. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic response of inbred and Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse populations to periodontal bacterial challenge, using an experimental periodontitis model. In this model, mice are co-infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, bacterial strains associated with human periodontal disease. Six weeks following the infection, the maxillary jaws were harvested and analyzed for alveolar bone loss relative to uninfected controls, using computerized microtomography (microCT). Initially, four commercial inbred mouse strains were examined to calibrate the procedure and test for gender effects. Subsequently, we applied the same protocol to 23 lines (at inbreeding generations 10--18) from the newly developed mouse genetic reference population, the Collaborative Cross (CC) to determine heritability and genetic variation of control bone volume prior to infection (CBV, naive bone volume around the teeth of uninfected mice), and residual bone volume (RBV, bone volume after infection) and loss of bone volume (LBV, the difference between CBV and RBV) following infection RESULTS: BALB/CJ mice were highly susceptible (P<0.05) whereas DBA/2J, C57BL/6J and A/J mice were resistant. Six lines of the tested CC population were susceptible, whereas the remaining lines were resistant to alveolar bone loss. Gender effects on bone volume were tested across the four inbred and 23 CC lines, and found not to be significant. Based on ANOVA analyses, broad-sense heritabilities were statistically significant and equal to 0.4 for CBV and 0.2 for LBV. The moderate heritability values indicate that the variation in host susceptibility to the disease is controlled to an appreciable extent by genetic factors. These results strongly support the possibility of using the Collaborative Cross, as well as developing dedicated F2 (resistant x susceptible inbred strains) resource populations, for future dissection of genetic factors in periodontitis.
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ABSTRACT: We have developed a technique to precisely isolate and process murine gingival tissue for flow cytometry and molecular studies. The gingiva is a unique and important tissue to study immune mechanisms because it is involved in host immune response against oral biofilm that might cause periodontal diseases. Furthermore, the close proximity of the gingiva to alveolar bone tissue enables also studying bone remodeling under inflammatory conditions. Our method yields large amount of immune cells that allows analysis of even rare cell populations such as Langerhans cells and T regulatory cells as we demonstrated previously (1). Employing mice to study local immune responses involved in alveolar bone loss during periodontal diseases is advantageous because of the availability of various immunological and experimental tools. Nevertheless, due to their small size and the relatively inconvenient access to the murine gingiva, many studies avoided examination of this critical tissue. The method described in this work could facilitate gingival analysis, which hopefully will increase our understating on the oral immune system and its role during periodontal diseases.
Article: The role of RgpA in the pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the murine periodontitis model[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate the in vivo role of gingipains in Porphyromonas gingivalis' virulence, and suggest a possible host mechanisms through which the bacteria cause alveolar bone loss. Mice were orally infected with P. gingivalis wild type, or the gingipains mutants (RgpA(-) , Kgp(-) , RgpA(-) /Kgp(-) ). Mice were analysed for alveolar bone loss using micro-computed tomography. The molecular effects of the proteases were evaluated using the subcutaneous chamber model. Mice were infected with P. gingivalis wild type or mutants. Exudates were analysed for cytokine and leukocytes levels, in vivo phagocytosis, P. gingivalis survival and serum anti-P. gingivalis IgG titres. Only RgpA-expressing bacteria induced significantly alveolar bone loss, and suppressed phagocytosis resulting in increased survival of P. gingivalis in the chamber exudates. In addition, RgpA-expressing bacteria induced higher levels of leukocytes and cytokines 2 h post-infection, and reduced levels of serum anti-P. gingivalis IgG titres 7 days post-infection. Our findings showed that elimination of RgpA from P. gingivalis diminished inflammation, but augmented phagocytosis and antibody titres, coincidental with reduced alveolar bone loss. These findings support the hypothesis that RgpA is a critical virulence factor in the pathogenesis of experimental periodontitis in mice.
Conference Paper: Selective CD14-cleavage by Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipains Leads to Macrophage Hypo-responsiveness[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate the ability of cysteine proteases from Porphyromonas gingivalis (gingipains) to cleave the innate immune receptors involved in its bacterial recognition and to evaluate the consequences of cleavage for the cellular response to infection with live bacteria. Method: Primary murine peritoneal macrophages or macrophage cell lines were exposed to supernatants of wild type, Rgp- or Kgp-P.gingivalis or to purified gingipains (RgpA, RgpB or Kgp) for 5-60 minutes. Macrophage surface expression of TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 was determined by flow cytometry. TNF-α secretion by CD14 cleaved RAW246.7 macrophages or peritoneal elicited macrophages (1uM Kgp, 30-minutes) or CD14-/- macrophages was measured (ELISA) following stimulation with increasing MOI of P. gingivalis. Result: RgpA and Kgp decreased CD14 detection in a concentration (P=0.0000002) and time (P=0.03) dependent-manner, whereas RgpB did not have a significant effect. The type of gingipain influenced the strength of CD14 cleavage with Kgp>>RgpA>>RgpB. Kgp-mediated CD14 cleavage appeared faster and with lower protease concentration than with RgpA. Gingipains did not significantly affect TLR2 or TLR4 expression on murine-macrophages. Macrophage TNF-α secretion following stimulation with live P.ginginvalis was reduced by pre-treatment with Kgp. Furhermore, TNF-α secretion by CD14-/- macrophages following live P.gingivalis stimulation was lower compared to RAW-macrophages Conclusion: The gingipain hemaglutinin/adhesion site is important in cleaving murine CD14 since only RgpA and Kgp were able to efficiently cleave it.This cleavage resulted in decreased macrophage TNF-α secretion following live P. gingivalis challenge. The fact that gingipains demonstrate selective cleavage of key innate-immune receptors leading to decreased TNF-α levels suggests that they play an important role in modulating the host immune response to P. gingivalis, setting the stage for chronic infection.
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ABSTRACT: Background:Repetitive exposures to periodontal pathogens are regularly employed to induce periodontitis, an inflammatory disease destructing the tooth supporting tissues. Nevertheless, it is unclear what impact such recurring infections have on the immune system, driving to the development of destructive immunity and alveolar bone loss (ABL). Objective: To elucidate systemic and local mechanisms involved in the transition of periopathogen-specific immunity from protective to destructive one. Methods: A single versus three oral gavages with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) 53977 (109 CFU) were administrated into mice. ABL was measured 6 weeks later using µCT. Systemic immune responses were analyzed by cytokine production following splenocytes restimulation and serum IgG levels. Local (gingival) immunity involved cellular analysis of cells infiltrating/departing the gingiva, their phenotype and function using flow cytometry. Results: Both repeated and single exposures to Pg resulted in local inflammation, whereas repeated exposures generated a significant ABL. Higher Pg-specific IgG1 and IgG2a titers and IFN-γ levels were found in mice repeatedly exposed to Pg. T cells from these mice also secreted spontaneously elevated levels of IFN-γ, suggesting a chronic activation of the cells. In the gingiva, a single exposure allowed normal resolution of inflammation, while repeated exposures caused a temporal, but drastic, decrease in the numbers of gingival immune cells. This includes a reduction in the numbers of Langerhans cells, monocytes and IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells, which are essential for controlling infection and regulating immune responses. The gingiva then restored its immune cells content, but this involved an increase in lymphocyte numbers including RANKL-expressing CD4+ T cells, known to mediate ABL. Conclusion: We suggest that several exposures to Pg impair the ability of the gingiva to control infection and local inflammation. This results in a chronic activation of Th1-type T cells followed by increased gingival inflammation and accumulation of immune cells mediating bone-destruction.
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ABSTRACT: T cells, particularly CD4(+) T cells, play a central role in both progression and control of periodontal disease, whereas the contribution of the various CD4(+) T helper subsets to periodontal destruction remains controversial, the activation, and regulation of these cells is orchestrated by dendritic cells. As sentinels of the oral mucosa, dendritic cells encounter and capture oral microbes, then migrate to the lymph node where they regulate the differentiation of CD4(+) T cells. It is thus clear that dendritic cells are of major importance in the course of periodontitis, as they hold the immunological cues delivered by the pathogen and the surrounding environment, allowing them to induce destructive immunity. In recent years, advanced immunological techniques and new mouse models have facilitated in vivo studies that have provided new insights into the developmental and functional aspects of dendritic cells. This progress has also benefited the characterization of oral dendritic cells, as well as to their function in periodontitis. Here, we provide an overview of the various gingival dendritic cell subsets and their distribution, while focusing on their role in periodontal bone loss.
Conference Paper: CD14-Cleavage by Gingipains Leads to Macrophage Hyporesponsivness to Porphyromonas gingivalis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Objectives: To evaluate the ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis' cysteine proteases (gingipains) to cleave the innate immune receptors involved in bacterial recognition and to evaluate the consequences of cleavage for the cellular response to infection with live bacteria. Methods: Primary murine peritoneal macrophages or macrophage cell lines were exposed to supernatants of wild type, Rgp- or Kgp-P.gingivalis or to purified gingipains (RgpA, RgpB or Kgp) for 5-60 minutes. Macrophage surface expression of TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 was determined by flow cytometry. TNF-α secretion by CD14 cleaved RAW246.7 macrophages or peritoneal elicited macrophages (1uM Kgp, 30-minutes) or CD14-/- macrophages was measured (ELISA) following stimulation with increasing MOI of P. gingivalis. Results: RgpA and Kgp decreased CD14-detection in a concentration (P=0.0000002) and time (P=0.03) dependent-manner, whereas RgpB did not have a significant effect. The type of gingipain influenced the strength of CD14-cleavage with Kgp>>RgpA>>RgpB. Kgp-mediated CD14 cleavage appeared faster and with lower protease concentration than with RgpA. Gingipains did not significantly affect TLR2 or TLR4 expression on murine-macrophages. Macrophage TNF-α secretion following stimulation with live P.ginginvalis (MOI 10,50) was significantly reduced by pre-treatment with Kgp (p value<0.05). Furhermore, TNF-α secretion by CD14-/- macrophages following live P.gingivalis stimulation was significantly lower compared to RAW-macrophages (p value<0.01 for MOI 10,25; p value<0.05 for MOI 50,100). Conclusions: The gingipain hemaglutinin/adhesion site is important in cleaving murine CD14 since only RgpA and Kgp efficiently cleaved it. This cleavage resulted in decreased macrophage TNF-α secretion following live P. gingivalis challenge. The fact that gingipains demonstrate selective cleavage of key innate-immune receptors leading to decreased TNF-α levels suggests that they play an important role in modulating the host immune response to P. gingivalis, setting the stage for chronic infection.
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ABSTRACT: Excessive bone resorption is frequently associated with chronic infections and inflammatory diseases. Whereas T cells were demonstrated to facilitate osteoclastogenesis in such diseases, the role of dendritic cells, the most potent activators of naive T cells, remains unclear. Using a model involving inflammation-driven alveolar bone loss attributable to infection, we showed that in vivo ablation of Langerhans cells (LCs) resulted in enhanced bone loss. An increased infiltration of B and T lymphocytes into the tissue surrounding the bone was observed in LC-ablated mice, including receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-expressing CD4(+) T cells with known capabilities of altering bone homeostasis. In addition, the absence of LCs significantly reduced the numbers of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells in the tissue. Further investigation revealed that LCs were not directly involved in presenting antigens to T cells. Nevertheless, despite their low numbers in the tissue, the absence of LCs resulted in an elevated activation of CD4(+) but not CD8(+) T cells. This activation involved elevated production of IFN-γ but not IL-17 or IL-10 cytokines. Our data, thus, reveal a protective immunoregulatory role for LCs in inflammation-induced alveolar bone resorption, by inhibiting IFN-γ secretion and excessive activation of RANKL(+)CD4(+) T cells with a capability of promoting osteoclastogenesis.
Article: Direct Recognition of Fusobacterium nucleatum by the NK Cell Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor NKp46 Aggravates Periodontal Disease[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Periodontitis is a common human chronic inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of the tooth attachment apparatus and tooth loss. Although infections with periopathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) are essential for inducing periodontitis, the nature and magnitude of the disease is determined by the host's immune response. Here, we investigate the role played by the NK killer receptor NKp46 (NCR1 in mice), in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Using an oral infection periodontitis model we demonstrate that following F. nucleatum infection no alveolar bone loss is observed in mice deficient for NCR1 expression, whereas around 20% bone loss is observed in wild type mice and in mice infected with P. gingivalis. By using subcutaneous chambers inoculated with F. nucleatum we demonstrate that immune cells, including NK cells, rapidly accumulate in the chambers and that this leads to a fast and transient, NCR1-dependant TNF-α secretion. We further show that both the mouse NCR1 and the human NKp46 bind directly to F. nucleatum and we demonstrate that this binding is sensitive to heat, to proteinase K and to pronase treatments. Finally, we show in vitro that the interaction of NK cells with F. nucleatum leads to an NCR1-dependent secretion of TNF-α. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence that NCR1 and NKp46 directly recognize a periodontal pathogen and that this interaction influences the outcome of F. nucleatum-mediated periodontitis.
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ABSTRACT: Objectives: To examine whether oral lichen planus (OLP) affects the success rate of dental implants and if the manifestations of OLP are altered by implant-borne prostheses. Materials and Methods: OLP patients, treated in the oral medicine department, with (the study group) and without (control group) dental implants were included. Pocket depth, mobility, bleeding on probing, erythema, pain and radiolucency around the implants, as well as clinical findings and OLP symptoms were recorded. Follow-up ranged from 12–24 months. Ordinal variables and visual analog scale score were compared using the Mann–Whitney test. The significance of the trend within each of the groups was assed using the Friedman test. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Fourteen patients in the study group with 1–15 implants per patient and 15 in the control group were included. No implant failures were recorded. Comparison between the clinical manifestations of OLP in both groups did not reveal any significant differences. Conclusions: Success of implant rehabilitation among treated OLP patients does not seem to be different from the success rate in the general population. Nor does implant placement influence the disease manifestations.
Article: Dendritic Cells in Distinct Oral Mucosal Tissues Engage Different Mechanisms To Prime CD8(+) T Cells[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Although oral dendritic cells (DCs) were shown to induce cell-mediated immunity, the identity and function of the various oral DC subsets involved in this process is unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanisms used by DCs of the buccal mucosa and of the lining mucosa to elicit immunity. After plasmid DNA immunization, buccally immunized mice generated robust local and systemic CD8(+) T cell responses, whereas lower responses were seen by lining immunization. A delayed Ag presentation was monitored in vivo in both groups; yet, a more efficient presentation was mediated by buccal-derived DCs. Restricting transgene expression to CD11c(+) cells resulted in diminished CD8(+) T cell responses in both oral tissues, suggesting that immune induction is mediated mainly by cross-presentation. We then identified, in addition to the previously characterized Langerhans cells (LCs) and interstitial dendritic cells (iDCs), a third DC subset expressing the CD103(+) molecule, which represents an uncharacterized subset of oral iDCs expressing the langerin receptor (Ln(+)iDCs). Using Langerin-DTR mice, we demonstrated that whereas LCs and Ln(+)iDCs were dispensable for T cell induction in lining-immunized mice, LCs were essential for optimal CD8(+) T cell priming in the buccal mucosa. Buccal LCs, however, failed to directly present Ag to CD8(+) T cells, an activity that was mediated by buccal iDCs and Ln(+)iDCs. Taken together, our findings suggest that the mechanisms engaged by oral DCs to prime T cells vary between oral mucosal tissues, thus emphasizing the complexity of the oral immune network. Furthermore, we found a novel regulatory role for buccal LCs in potentiating CD8(+) T cell responses.
Article: Vaccination of mice with Porphyromonas gingivalis or Fusobacterium nucleatum modulates the inflammatory response, but fails to prevent experimental periodontitis*[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To assess the potential of using vaccination with Porphyromonas gingivalis or Fusobacterium nucleatum, in modulating local subcutaneous inflammatory response and alveolar bone loss following coinfection with both bacteria. Mice were immunized against either P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum. The cytokine response to mixed infection with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum was evaluated using the subcutaneous chamber model. The alveolar bone loss induced by oral mixed infection was evaluated by micro-CT using the experimental periodontitis model. Serum levels of specific antibodies were determined by ELISA. Vaccination with either bacterium produced a specific humoral response before infection. Animals immunized against either bacteria following a mixed infection with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, showed decreased TNFalpha (but not IL-1beta) levels as compared with non-immunized animals. However, the vaccination did not change the level of mixed infection-induced alveolar bone loss when compared with non-immunized animals. Six weeks following the oral mixed infection, specific antibody titres remained high. Furthermore, specific antibodies against the non-immunized bacterium were present at high levels. While vaccination produced specific antibodies and suppressed the inflammatory response, it failed to prevent or reduce the progression of experimental periodontitis induced by mixed infection with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum.
Conference Paper: The Role of Oral Dendritic Cells in T-Cell Priming[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells for initiating T-cell responses against systemic and oral pathogens. Nevertheless, although DC function has been extensively studied, oral DCs have been generally overlooked and most of our knowledge is based on research of other tissues. Thus, investigating the role of oral DCs in immune induction is important for better understating and modulation of the oral immune system. Objectives: To characterize the mechanisms utilized by DCs in the buccal and lining mucosal tissues for the generation of cellular immunity. Methods: We utilized plasmid DNA to initiate antigen expression and to induce T-cell activation by the noted periodontal tissues. The kinetics of antigen presentation and CD8+ T cell response were evaluated by adoptive transfer and tetramer analysis. Identification of migratory oral DC subsets was accomplished by magnetic separation and multi-channel flow cytometry. Langerin-DTR mice were employed for in vivo ablation of langerin-expressing DCs. Results: Targeting the buccal and lining mucosa for immune induction resulted in unique kinetics of antigen expression and T-cell formation for each tissue. Following immunization similar populations of DCs migrated to the lymph nodes (LNs) from the buccal and lining mucosa including: Langerhans cells (LCs), interstitial DCs (iDCs) and langerin+ iDCs (Ln+iDCs). While depletion of LCs did not affect T-cell induction in both tissues, Ln+iDCs of the buccal mucosa, but not lining mucosa, were crucial for effective T cell immunity (P<0.005). Furthermore, upon arrival to the LNs, buccal-derived DCs initiate earlier and stronger antigen presenting activity as compared to lining-derived DCs. Conclusion: We demonstrate that the mechanisms engaged by oral DCs to prime T cells vary between periodontal tissues, thus emphasizing the complexity of the oral immune network. We also suggest that periodontal tissues can be promising targets for induction of systemic and local cellular immunity.
Conference Paper: RgpA-Gingipain Promotes Porphyromonas-gingivalis Survival by Suppressing Phagocytosis and Antibody Levels[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: Gingipains, a group of proteases produced by P. gingivalis, are one of the bacteria's major virulence factors. Objectives: To evaluate the role of gingipains in the in-vivo survival of P. gingivalis and to investigate their effects on the mouse immune response. Methods: Subcutaneous chambers in mice were infected with wild-type P. gingivalis or RgpA-, or Kgp- mutants. Exudates were analyzed by flow cytometry for in-vivo phagocytosis, P. gingivalis survival was evaluated by culture and cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. Serum anti-P. gingivalis IgG titers were measured using ELISA. Results: Two hours post-infection the percentage of leukocytes that engulfed the RgpA- bacteria was significantly higher than the RgpA+ (wild-type and Kgp-) bacteria. In-addition, the average number of engulfed bacteria in each leukocyte was significantly higher for the RgpA- bacteria compared to the RgpA+ bacteria. At 24 and 48 hours no significant differences were observed between the groups. These results correlated with the microbiological cultures, since at 2 hours post-infection significantly less RgpA-P. gingivalis survived compared to RgpA+P. gingivalis. We further found that RgpA-P. gingivalis induces significantly higher serum anti-P. gingivalis IgG titers compared to RgpA+P. gingivalis, which may also reflect more phagocytosis and subsequent antigen presentation. Finally, wild-type P. gingivalis induced higher levels of cytokines in the chambers compared to RgpA-P. gingivalis. Conclusions: RgpA's virulence is highlighted by its ability to suppress in-vivo phagocytosis and serum anti-P. gingivalis IgG titers while simultaneously increasing proinflammatory cytokines. The inflammation will not lead to bacterial clearance but may significantly contribute to the alveolar bone loss seen in the experimental periodontitis model.
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ABSTRACT: Introduction: P.gingivalis and F.nucleatum are considered as important pathogens in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. A destructive synergistic effect between these two bacteria was observed in the experiemtal periodontitis model in mice, but the effect of co-aggregation between the bacteria on experimental periodontitis was never characterized. Objectives: to investigate the role of coaggregation between P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum on the virulence of the mixed infection, both at the clinical and molecular levels. Methods: The experimental periodontitis model using mixed infection with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum in mice was utilized to investigate alveolar bone loss. The subcutaneous chamber model was used to investigate the inflammatory response to the mixed infection and also to investigate bacteria clearance by immune cells. The inhibition of co-aggregation was induced using lactose. Results: Mixed infection with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum induced significant alveolar bone loss compared with mono-infection with either bacterium or in the sham-infected animals. The inhibition of coaggregation by lactose resulted in augmentation of alveolar bone loss compared with mixed infection without lactose. Inhibition of coaggregation resulted in reduced IL-1β, but not TNFα, compared with mixed infection without lactose. Phagocytosis of P. gingivalis in mono-infection was greater than the phagocytosis in mixed infection with F. nucleatum. The inhibition of coaggregation in mixed infection resulted in increased P. gingivalis phagocytosis and reduced F. nucleatum phagocytosis. Conclusions: Coaggregation between P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum is a major virulence factor in mixed infection experimental periodontitis. The elimination of coaggregation with lactose results in augmentation of alveolar bone loss Although the P. gingivalis clearance was increased .
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Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Yerushalayim, Jerusalem, Israel
- • Faculty of Dental Medicine
- • Department of Periodontology
- • Department of Oral Rehabilitation
Hadassah Medical Center
Yerushalayim, Jerusalem District, Israel
- Faculty of Dental Medicine


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Top-Joy International Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
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Top works (239) None
- Metamorphoses by Ovid
- The White Goddess by Robert Graves
- Tales from Ovid by Ted Hughes
- The Odyssey by Homer
- The Iliad by Homer
- Kalevala by Elias Lönnrot
- The Homeric Hymns by Homer
- The Poetic Edda by Anonymous
- Autobiography of Red by Anne Carson
- Theogony, Works and Days by Hesíodo
- The Aeneid of Virgil by Virgil
- Inanna, Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her Stories and Hymns… by Diane Wolkstein
- The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun by J. R. R. Tolkien
- Theogony, Works and Days, and Shield of Herakles by Hesíodo
- The Epic of Gilgamesh by Anonymous
- Hesiod and Theognis (Penguin Classics): Theogony, Works and… by Hesíodo
- Beowulf by Beowulf Poet
- The Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson
- The Argonautica by Apollonius of Rhodes
- Theogony by Hesíodo
- The Tain by Tain Author
- The Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer
- The Nibelungenlied by Anonymous
- A Celtic Miscellany: Translations from the Celtic… by Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson
- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight by Gawain Poet
- Paradise Lost by John Milton
- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Sir Orfeo by J. R. R. Tolkien
- The Inferno by Dante Alighieri
- The Death of King Arthur by Anonymous
- Poems of Heaven and Hell from Ancient Mesopotamia (Penguin… by Anonymous
- Psyche in a Dress by Francesca Lia Block
- The Song of Roland by Anonymous
- Idylls of the King by Alfred Tennyson
- The Purgatorio by Dante Alighieri
- The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri
- The Mabinogion by Anonymous
- Arthurian Romances by Chrétien de Troyes
- The Paradiso by Dante Alighieri
- Aeneid, books 1-6 by Virgil
- Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach
- The Bhagavad Gita by Anonymous
- Le Morte d'Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory
- Heroides by Ovid
- Mythologies by William Butler Yeats
- Orestia by Aeschylus
- Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica by Hesíodo
- The Penelopiad: The Myth of Penelope and Odysseus by Margaret Atwood
- Complete Poems by C.P. Cavafy
- Paradise Lost & Paradise Regained by John Milton
- The Romance of Tristan and Iseult by Joseph Bedier
- The Three Theban Plays: Antigone ; Oedipus at Colonus ;… by Sophocles
- Fragile Things: Short Fictions and Wonders by Neil Gaiman
- Collected Poems by W. B. Yeats
- Beowulf and Other Old English Poems by Constance Hieatt
- Gods and Mortals: Modern Poems on Classical Myths by Nina Kossman
- Myths from Mesopotamia : creation, the flood, Gilgamesh,… by Stephanie Dalley
- Le Morte d'Arthur, Volume 1 by Thomas Malory
- Jason and Medeia by John Gardner
- Njal's Saga by Anonymous
- Eric Carle's Dragons, Dragons by Eric Carle
- Metamorphoses, Books I-VIII by Ovid
- After Ovid: New Metamorphoses by Michael Hofmann
- Smoke and Mirrors by Neil Gaiman
- The Poetic Edda: The Mythological Poems by Anonymous
- The Saga of the Volsungs by Jesse L. Byock
- Le Morte d'Arthur, Volume 2 by Thomas Malory
- The Sagas of Icelanders by Örnólfur Thorsson
- The Odes by Pindaros
- Oedipus Tyrannus by Sophocles
- Fairy and Folk Tales of Ireland by W. B. Yeats
- Shahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings by Abolqasem Ferdowsi
- Prometheus Bound by Aeschylus
- The Ramayana: A Shortened Modern Prose Version of the… by R. K. Narayan
- The Book of Ballads by Charles Vess
- The Odyssey, Books 13-24 by Homer
- The Romance of Tristan by Béroul
- The Waste Land and Other Poems by T. S. Eliot
- Oracles: A Pilgrimage by Catherynne M. Valente
- The Persians; Prometheus Bound; Seven Against Thebes; The… by Aeschylus
- The Complete Plays of Sophocles by Sophocles
- Yvain, The Knight of the Lion by Chrétien de Troyes
- Faust by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- The World's Wife by Carol Ann Duffy
- The Rig Veda (Penguin Classics) by Anonymous
- Metamorphoses 6-10 by Ovid
- The Lais of Marie de France by Marie de France
- Paradise Lost [Norton Critical Edition] by John Milton
- The Lays of Beleriand by J. R. R. Tolkien
- The Iliad: Volume I, Books 1-12 (Loeb Classical Library No.… by Homer
- A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare
- The Poem of the Cid by Anonymous
- Tree and Leaf by J. R. R. Tolkien
- 4 Plays: Alcestis / Children of Heracles / Hippolytus /… by Euripides
- Iron John: A Book About Men by Robert Bly
- The Greek Myths: Complete Edition by Robert Graves
- The Children's Homer: The Adventures of Odysseus and The… by Padraic Colum
- Fasti by Ovid
- The Georgics by Virgil
- Holy Bible: King James Version by American Bible Society
- The Iliad: Volume II, Books 13-24 (Loeb Classical Library… by Homer
- The Complete Poetry of John Milton by John Milton
- The Homeric Hymn to Demeter: Translation, Commentary, and… by Helene P. Foley
- The Golden Bough : abridged edition by James George Frazer
- Aeneid, books 7-12 by Virgil
- The Tolkien Reader by J. R. R. Tolkien
- The Faerie Queen by Edmund Spenser
- Antigone by Sophocles
- Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu
- Orlando furioso by Ludovico Ariosto
- Ten Plays by Euripides by Euripides
- Grendel by John Gardner
- Early Irish Myths and Sagas by Jeffrey Gantz
- Mother Love: Poems by Rita Dove
- The Annotated Mother Goose: Nursery Rhymes Old and New,… by William Stuart Baring-Gould
- Metamorphoses, Books IX-XV by Ovid
- Averno: Poems by Louise Glück
- Bacchae [Greek text] by Euripides
- Aesop's Fables by Aesop
- The Golden Ass by Apuleius
- Helen in Egypt (New Directions Paperbook) by H. D.
- Omeros by Derek Walcott
- War Music: An Account of Books 1–4 and 16–19 of… by Christopher Logue
- The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel by Nikos Kazantzakis
- William Blake: The Complete Illuminated Books by William Blake
- The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot
- The Heart Aroused : Poetry and the Preservation of the Soul… by David Whyte
- The way to rainy mountain by N. Scott Momaday
- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight / Patience / Pearl by Marie Borroff
- Orpheus in the Underworld by Ovid
- Taliessin through Logres, The Region of the Summer Stars,… by Charles Williams
- Apocrypha by Catherynne M. Valente
- The Ingoldsby Legends by Thomas Ingoldsby
- Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart by Chrétien de Troyes
- A Vision by W. B. Yeats
- The Quest of the Holy Grail by Anonymous
- Bulfinch's Mythology by Thomas Bulfinch
- Perceval, the Story of the Grail by Chrétien de Troyes
- Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali by D. T. Niane
- Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend & Folklore by William Butler Yeats
- Tristan: With the Surviving Fragments of the 'Tristan of… by Gottfried von Strassburg
- From Ritual to Romance by Jessie L. Weston
- The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer
- The Upanishads by Anonymous
- 4 Plays: Bacchae / Helen / Ion / Trojan Women by Euripides
- Mahābhārata (C. Rajagopalachari ed.) by Vyasa
- The Arthurian Legends: An Illustrated Anthology by Richard Barber
- Meadowlands by Louise Glück
- Men in the Off Hours by Anne Carson
- The Odyssey (Norton Critical Edition) by Homer
- Crow by Ted Hughes
- Selected Poems by Robert Graves
- H.D.: Collected Poems, 1912-1944 by H. D.
- Turtle Island by Gary Snyder
- Poems by C. S. Lewis
- Selected Poems by Rainer Maria Rilke
- The Selected Poems of William Blake by William Blake
- The Selected Poetry of Robinson Jeffers by Robinson Jeffers
- Poems, 1923-1954 by E. E. Cummings
- Glass, Irony and God by Anne Carson
- Egil's Saga by Anonymous
- Mars and Her Children: Poems by Marge Piercy
- Narrative Poems by C. S. Lewis
- Selected Poems by W. B. Yeats
- Decreation by Anne Carson
- Collected Poems by Geoffrey Hill
- Selected Poems and Three Plays of W. B. Yeats by William Butler Yeats
- Mountains and Rivers Without End by Gary Snyder
- Selected Poems by T. S. Eliot
- The Green Man: Tales from the Mythic Forest by Ellen Datlow
- The Penguin Book of Japanese Verse by Geoffrey Bownas
- The World of Myth: An Anthology by David Adams Leeming
- The Complete Poems: Anne Sexton by Anne Sexton
- The Complete Poems (Penguin Classics) by William Blake
- Technicians of the Sacred: A Range of Poetries from Africa,… by Jerome Rothenberg
- Practical Gods by Carl Dennis
- Orpheus and Company: Contemporary Poems on Greek Mythology
- 1,000 Years of Irish Poetry by Kathleen Hoagland
- Break, Blow, Burn: Camille Paglia Reads Forty-three of the… by Camille Paglia
- Sweeney Astray by Seamus Heaney
- Poems and Plays by Alfred Lord Tennyson
- The Portable Blake by William Blake
- Achilles by Elizabeth Cook
- The Anathemata by David Jones
- A Dictionary of World Mythology by Arthur Cotterell
- The Yeats Reader: A Portable Compendium of Poetry, Drama,… by William Butler Yeats
- The Golden Age of Myth & Legend by Thomas Bulfinch
- The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope
- Classical Mythology: Images and Insights by Stephen Harris
- Milton by William Blake
- Anglo-Saxon Poetry by S. A. J. Bradley
- The poems of Ossian by James MacPherson
- Idylls of the King and a Selection of Poems by Alfred Tennyson
- Myths of the Norsemen by H. A. Guerber
- The Throne of Labdacus: A Poem by Gjertrud Schnackenberg
- The Book of Urizen by William Blake
- Greek Lyrics by Richmond Lattimore
- A choice of Anglo-Saxon verse by Richard Hamer
- Bestiary: Or the Parade of Orpheus by Guillaume Apollinaire
- The complete poetry and selected prose of John Donne & the… by John Donne
- Reflections on the Art of Living: A Joseph Campbell… by Diane K. Osbon
- The Ballad of the White Horse by G. K. Chesterton
- Kings by Christopher Logue
- The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake, New and… by William Blake
- The Marriage of Heaven and Hell by William Blake
- The Student's Catullus by Daniel H. Garrison
- The Anubis Gates by Tim Powers
- The Odes of Horace by Horace
- The Lady of the Lake: A Poem by Walter Scott
- The Complete Poems and Plays by T. S. Eliot
- Classical Mythology by Mark P. O. Morford
- War Music by Christopher Logue
- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight / Pearl / Cleanness /… by A. C. Cawley
- The Greek Anthology: And Other Ancient Greek Epigrams… by Peter Jay
- The Medieval Myths by Norma Lorre Goodrich
- Flower Fairies of the Garden by Cicely Mary Barker
- Tristram by Edwin Arlington Robinson
- Greek Lyric Poetry by M. L. West
- The Idylls [Translation] by Theocritus
- Sappho and the Greek Lyric Poets by Willis Barnstone
- The Poetical Works of John Keats by John Keats
- God Went to Beauty School by Cynthia Rylant
- Selected Fables by Jean de La Fontaine
- The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
- Storyteller by Leslie Marmon Silko
- Dictee by Theresa Hak Kyung Cha
- Shaking the Pumpkin: Traditional Poetry of the Indian North… by Jerome Rothenberg
- A Celtic Reader: Selections from Celtic Legend, Scholarship… by John Matthews
- The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art by Charles Mills Gayley
- Selected Poems by Ovid
- The Poems of Hesiod by R. M. Frazer
- Myths and Legends of the Middle Ages: Their Origin and… by H. A. Guerber
- Celtic Myths and Legends by Charles Squire
- Cawdor and Medea by Robinson Jeffers
- Mahābhārata (R. K. Narayan ed.) by Vyasa
- Poems by Virgil
- Orlando Furioso: A Romantic Epic: Part 1 (Penguin Classics)… by Ludovico Ariosto
- Ireland in Poetry by Charles Sullivan
- The Complete Works of William Shakespeare by William Shakespeare
- Favorite Greek Myths by Mary Pope Osborne


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The Department Of Home Affairs is investigating visa irregularities at ANN7. Basically,
minions Indians (from India) have been working at the station after telling the South African government that they are/were here on "holiday".
Grupta is despicable
The Department Of Home Affairs is investigating visa irregularities at ANN7. Basically,
JZ's national key points
Nkandla is, apparently, a national key point. The president has national key points everywhere.
Meep meep?
Another obstacle along the road…
Religious extremism
Two men, outside Chicken Licken in Magaliesburg, didn't like a Muslim guy's beard, so they beat him to death.
Afrikaans Medium Decree Of 1974
This is what happens when the state forces pupils to learn a language not of their choosing. This is what happened when the state forced pupils to learn a language not of their choosing.
UPDATE: Check out my followup cartoon for EWN.
An incredible Father's Day cartoon
This is not a message to fathers everywhere. It is a message to my father. (But you are welcome to borrow the message.)
Whitney Houston has died
My editor rejected this cartoon on the grounds that it is "too offensive".
UPDATE: My editor published it three days later.
Africa's Big Five
At the rate at which rhinos are being poached, Africa's Big Five will see its fifth member replaced.
UPDATE: During 2013 this cartoon made it to the final selection and then rejected from a European competition on the grounds that it is "racist", despite it being published (and republished) in South Africa without a single such accusation made by any reader or editor.
One day, son
You didn't see this scene in The Lion King.
A guy walks into a bar…
This cartoon is about the Protection Of State Information Bill.
Or maybe it isn't.
I'm not really allowed to say. It's a secret.
Prince Charles visits South Africa
This cartoon was initially rejected, for being "too offensive", but then I managed to convince my editor to run it.
The ANC Smurf League
The fun little blue people of the ANC Youth League.
Steve Biko versus Juju
Steve Biko was killed, on 12 September 1977, by five members of the apartheid security forces.
Meanwhile, no one really cares about Julius Malema anymore.
10 years of reflection…
Can you believe that it happened ten years ago? It still seems surreal.
Would Che be turning in his grave?
Vote ANC
Your ancestors are dead. But if you vote ANC, then they will live a better life.
Dinosaurs made Earth warmer
It turns out that dinosaurs contributed to global warming. How, exactly? Well, dinosaurs farted a lot, scientists now believe.
And who am I to ignore a fart joke?
A kak voting situation
The toilet saga has made the election a bit crappy.


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My Beauty Bag: Michelle Haswell
Caroline Young, Fashion blogger / / Life & Style
Glasgow fashion blogger Michelle Haswell, otherwise known as Queen Michelle from style blog Kingdom of Style, reveals her beauty tips.
Daily moisturiser with SPF25 or more
I'm not really fussed which brand I use, as long as it's light enough to use every day. I'm almost 40, so keeping my skin protected from the sun is the most important beauty task I perform. I've been using a daily SPF since I was 19 years old.
Loading article content
Biore warming daily facial scrub (£4.99)
I am cursed with exceptionally oily skin and found this really clears blackheads and keeps my skin smooth and reasonably clear.
L'Oreal Elvive Extraordinary hair oil (£9.99)
This stuff is a miracle in a bottle! I recently put my very dark hair through the hell of bleaching it blonde and dying it turquoise, so now I've gone back to brown I have to keep my hair in as good condition. This oil really brings back the shine and smoothes the frazzled ends.
Sebastian Flaunt Trilliant spray (around £19)
This is an amazing spray which keeps my hair well protected from the effects of hair drying.
Urban Decay Primer Lotion (£14.50)
This is basically the best product in the history of beauty. Oily skin equals oily eyelids, but this stops that dead in its tracks. It keeps my eyelids matte all day long which means I can wear shadow without it sliding off. Incredible stuff.
Illamsaqua Precision Ink eyeliner (£17)
I can't live without black liquid eyeliner and this stuff is incredible. It has brilliant staying power and is so easy to apply
Estee Lauder Doublewear lipsticks (£19.50)
I have a lot of these and they really do last a long time. The Stay Scarlet and Stay Pink are my favourites. I apply it and then rub it with my finger for a stained effect.
BarryM Dazzle Dust in neon pink (£4.59)
I wear this under my lower lashes for a pop of colour for a night out....and during the day. I have no sense of nightime and daytime makeup!
Estee Lauder Doublewear foundation (£27.50)
The only foundation which has a hope in hell of staying on for more than half an hour on my skin.
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text:
FREE Shipping, No Minimum Order
Estimated 2-5 business days for delivery.
Stain release technology keeps your shirt looking new longer.
At L.L.Bean, we're known for the high quality and lasting good looks of our wrinkle-resistant shirts. For this one, we've taken the problem-solving performance to the next level. Our new Stain Release technology removes water- and oil-based stains in the wash, so you can enjoy wearing this shirt season after season.
Questions? Chat with an Expert


text:
|Quick links:
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Free Rivals Alerts
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Tim Dandridge #7
The Latest: Spring in Minnesota: Defensive Backs — 3/25/2009
The secondary had long been a weak point at Minnesota, but last season it suddenly was one of the strengths of the team. This spring three of four starters, including Traye Simmons, are back and they have added some quality from the east. [details]


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The mission of the Castro Plaza Child and Family Resource Center is to improve the quality of life and strengthen the individuals,children, and families of the North Monterey County area while promoting a safe and healthy community.
Day of the Child
Sunday, April 12, 2015
Children's Activities Resource Booths
Prizes Snacks
North Monterey County Middle School
10301 Seymour St.
Castroville, CA 95012
Day of the Child Flyer 2015 English
Opening Doors
A Curriculum for Latino Parents With Children Ages 0-5
The goal of this curriculum is to equip Latino parents with the knowledge, tools, and confidence to support their children's success and to be effective advocates for their children.
Childcare Provided
Instruction in Spanish
8 Sessions: Wednesdays, April 8 - May 27
6:00 pm - 8:00 pm
at the
Castro Plaza Family Resource Center
10601 McDougall St.
Castroville, CA 95012
Abriendo Puertas Flyer April 2015 English
First 5 Grant Services
Parenting and Play
Free classes for parents and children 0-3 years of age from August through June (vacation period in July). Parents enjoy playtime with their children to learn about child development while experiencing activities together.
Tuesdays, 9:00 - 11:00 am & 12:00 - 2:00 pm at Moro Cojo El Cerrito Community Room, 8860 Vista de Tierra Circle, Castroville
Thursdays, 9:00 - 11:00 am & 12:00 - 2:00 pm at Castro Plaza FRC, 10601 McDougall Street, Castroville
Fridays, 12:30 - 2:30 pm at Prunedale Elementary School Room 38, 17719 Pesante Road, Prunedale
Parents as Teachers
Parents are their children's first and most influential teachers. The early years of a child's life are critical for optimal development and provide the foundation for success in school and life. Free bi-weekly home visits by a Parent Educator to families with children 0-3 years of age. During home visits the Parent Educator provides an individualized age-appropriate lesson focused on parenting goals,which may include nutrition, health, sleep, safety, hearing, and vision.
Contact the Castro Plaza FRC for more information.
Abriendo Puertas/Opening Doors
Abriendo Puertas/Opening Doors is a school readiness program that strengthens the leadership and advocacy skills of parents with children ages 0 to 5. The curriculum is based on popular education and draws on the real life experiences of participants.
Contact the Castro Plaza FRC for more information.
Positive Discipline
Positive Discipline is designed to teach young people to become responsible, respectful and resourceful members of their communities by teaching important social and life skills in a manner that is deeply respectful and encouraging for both children and adults.
Contact the Castro Plaza FRC for more information.


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Native Alaskan Business Leaders
NABL is a UAF chapter of the American Indian Business Leaders (AIBL) organization. NABL supports Alaska Native and American Indian students interested in business, rural economic development, and other related areas. NABL aims to build self-esteem in its members, fostering community involvement and teamwork. When funding allows, members of NABL attend the AIBL annual conference and compete in the Business Plan Competition, an event they have won several times.
To learn more about NABL, check out the NABL brochure.
Contact Info
For more information visit the NABL website.
Faculty Advisor: Sam Alexander
NABL Office: 227 Bunnell Building


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Can House speaker be a 'real fighter' in governor's race?
Ravell Call, Deseret News
SALT LAKE CITY — House Speaker Becky Lockhart, R-Provo, started the 2014 Legislature swinging, but by the end of the session she'd dropped both her signature education technology initiative and Medicaid expansion alternative.
But political observers, including many of Lockhart's colleagues on Capitol Hill, say its too soon to count her out as a strong challenger to Gov. Gary Herbert in the 2016 gubernatorial race.
"What do you want in a leader? Don't you want a bold person?" asked Rep. Ronda Menlove, R-Garland, who previously served in House leadership with Lockhart. "I'm still a Becky Lockhart fan."
Lockhart, who is not running this year for reelection to the House seat she's held since 1998, has yet to talk about her political future. "I'm not biting," she told reporters recently when asked about 2016.
Still, she left little doubt she's eyeing the governor's office in her opening remarks to the House.
In a surprisingly critical speech delivered from the same podium in the House where Herbert gave his State of the State speech two days later, Lockhart slammed the governor as an "inaction figure."
"I was surprised that she took on the governor," longtime Deseret News pollster Dan Jones said. Jones, who has done polling for Herbert, said, "This has been one of the most — I don't want to use the word angry — divisive sessions."
Legislative budget discussions were dominated by speaker's efforts to replace textbooks with tablet computers in the classroom and reject the Medicaid expansion money available under the Affordable Care Act, known as Obamacare.
While there hadn't been much interest in taking up tax increases in an election year for most lawmakers, the rift over the hefty price tag on Lockhart's education initiative pushed the Senate to pitch gas and property tax hikes to pay for it.
The cost of the initiative, which didn't surface until after the session was underway, started at close to $300 million and then was reduced to $200 million. Lockhart proposed diverting transportation funds to cover the bill.
The governor even stepped into the fray, threatening to veto the initiative if it exceeded $30 million — only slightly more than the $26 million the Senate was willing to spend.
Herbert declined in an interview on the last night of the session to analyze Lockhart's motives for launching the education technology initiative, something his office has already been studying.
The governor said the session was successful "in spite of anybody else's contrary points of view, or differences of opinion or personal ambition. That's the only way I measure it."
He said he doesn't give much thought to what other people "are trying to do and try to psychoanalyze or understand what's in their heart or mind. It's just a waste of time....Everybody has their own personality and their own way of doing things."
The budget stalemate stalled negotiations between the House and Senate for nearly a week before Lockhart gave up on her initiative. She had already abandoned the $35 million needed for her Medicaid expansion alternative.
Lockhart told reporters the House has a vision while the Senate only wanted "to make a deal," words that Senate insiders said mean she won't see much political support from them in the future.
"She did show she is a principled leader. She was given the option to trade principles for the bill and realized the principles were more important, i.e., not to raise taxes," Rep. Dan McCay, R-Riverton, said.
That could play well with the conservative GOP base, he and other observers noted.
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Success in stimulus spending is measured primarily by more jobs and less fraud. But while easily quantifiable, these criteria don't help recipients show taxpayers the long-term benefits of their $787-billion investment.
Given the infinite variety of public works projects, quantifying the value of the legislation's $130-billion infrastructure allocation is particularly difficult. To help infrastructure managers collect 'standardized' information they can share to produce local, regional, and statewide analyses of the impact of stimulus dollars, investment, the International City/County Management Association developed common metrics for measuring:
Because the individual specifications for these projects varies so widely, the organization's performance measures are broad-based, designed to gather the minimum required information necessary to quantify total outcome. By aggregating this data, public works managers and elected officials will be able to address questions on the local, state, or regional level for any given sector.
The proposed measures will allows spokesperson eventually to declare, for instance, the average percentage decline in line loss among local governments using Recovery act funds for water line replacement and the average reduction in fuel consumption among local governments using Recovery Act funds to bring greater energy efficiency to public facilities and equipment, rites David Ammons in Measuring the Results of Economic Stimulus Investments: Local Government Leading the Way.
Asset Management
Association Renames Conference to Reflect Changes in the Workforce.
Buildings and Facilities
Stephanie Johnston
It's come to my attention that not all of you received the salary survey questionnaire...
Spending is increasing more on amusement parts and sports facilities than on public...
The group of five associations will also explore the establishment of a collaborative...
Warsaw Chemical Co., Inc. introduces OSO Clean, an all-purpose cleaner and deodorizer...
Not to offer a sacrifice to the snow gods, although those of you on the East Coast...
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