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Curious about the newer model? Check out the 2016 Toyota Tacoma Access Cab
By KBB.com Editors
KBB Expert Rating: 7.7
America's best-selling compact pickup just keeps getting better, which is bad news for the competition, but great news for lovers of the 2012 Toyota Tacoma pickup. With the Ford Ranger no longer offered, the Tacoma's biggest competitor has been removed from the race, leaving a lot of room for potential new customers. Those who do migrate toward the 2012 Toyota Tacoma pickup will find a robust near-mid-size pickup truck with a wide range of trims, engines, cabin configurations and packages. Larger than either the GMC Canyon or the Chevy Colorado, the 2012 Tacoma is more in line with the mid-size Ram Dakota and Nissan Frontier when it comes to dimensions, but there is no comparing the resale and reliability ratings of the three, because the 2012 Toyota Tacoma compact pickup truck runs away with the honors.
If you're looking for a proven pickup that is as capable as it is stylish, the 2012 Toyota Tacoma pickup deserves your full attention. Nearly as capable as a full-size pickup, but without the extra bulk or poor fuel economy, the Tacoma offers a wide selection ranging from everyday work truck to rugged off-road adventurer.
The 2012 Toyota Tacoma compact pickup can't tow as much as a full-size V8-powered pickup, and its narrower bed won't hold as much cargo. If you're looking for a smooth, comfortable ride and you don't plan on going off-road, the Honda Ridgeline may be a better choice.
The 2012 Toyota Tacoma compact pickup truck receives new front-end styling, with a new grille and headlight design, some upgraded interior pieces and new audio systems that include USB ports and Bluetooth. Double Cab V6 models receive the most modern audio system that includes Toyota's Entune infotainment, navigation, HD radio, text/email-to-voice and the JBL GreenEdge energy-efficient sound system.
Driving Impressions We spent some time behind the wheel of a 2012 Toyota Tacoma Double Cab long-bed with the 4.0-liter V6 matched to a 5-speed automatic...transmission. Our test vehicle was also equipped with 4-wheel drive and the cool SR5 package that brought a limited-slip differential. We noticed the Tacoma drove well on smooth-surfaced freeways, but it felt rather bulky and clumsy in the tighter confines of city driving. Get the Tacoma out in the open, however, and the driving experience greatly improves. It takes only the slightest push on the Tacoma's gas pedal to bring the V6 to life. Still, we couldn't escape the feeling that the Tacoma would be happier hauling or towing something or negotiating rocks in a river rather than running errands in suburbia.
Supercharger Kit
The optional Eaton-Roots-type supercharger kit increases the V6's output to 304 horsepower and 334 pound-feet of torque, and carries a 5-year/60,000-mile warranty (or the remainder of the powertrain warranty at the time of installation) when installed by a Toyota dealer.
Functional Bed
All Tacomas feature a composite inner bed with built-in storage compartments and four rail-mounted sliding tie-down cleats.
The 2012 Toyota Tacoma pickup's interior has a modern urban feel, with 2-tone gray or beige plastic panels outfitted with metal-look trim appliqués. The Tacoma's front seats are wide and supportive, but the rear seats in the Access Cab are useful only for short trips. Seating improves greatly in the Double Cab model, which has a full bench seat with adjustable head restraints and under-seat storage. Steering-wheel-mounted controls for the audio and available Bluetooth are a welcome touch, as are the many upgraded audio features available through the Entune infotainment system. Entune is Toyota's answer to Ford's SYNC system and includes a number of popular mobile applications. Just connect your smart phone to the Entune system and either through the vehicle's controls or by voice command, the driver can access real-time traffic and weather, fuel prices, sports, stocks and such popular apps as MovieTickets.com and OpenTable.
The 2012 Toyota Tacoma pickup lifts traditional pickup truck features more commonly attributed to full-size trucks and grafts them onto a compact frame to create one very cool truck. The new grille and front-end treatment help the 2012 Toyota Tacoma to remain fresh, and the look works across the line. Choose the base truck and you get a basic work truck with black bumpers and simple wheels. The Pre-Runner displays the look of a rugged off-roader in a rear-drive pickup that costs thousands less than a comparable 4x4, while the X-Runner takes the pickup to a whole new place, with a lowered suspension and available bolt-on supercharger kit. As with everything Toyota builds, the 2012 Tacoma compact pickup's build quality and finish are above reproach. Some of the Tacoma's more notable features include a roof-rack system on Double Cab models, and integrated bed deck rails that can be used to secure optional accessories, such as the fork-mounted bike rack and diamond-plate storage boxes. And, to help keep your truck looking new, a protective composite molded bed liner is standard.
The 2-wheel-drive 2012 Toyota Tacoma's base 4-cylinder engine displaces 2.7 liters. Other standard equipment includes air conditioning, an AM/FM stereo with single-disc CD system, anti-lock brakes (ABS), front side-impact and side-curtain airbags, traction and stability control, tachometer, two instrument panel powerpoints and rear mudguards. Regular Cab 4x4 models with the automatic transmission feature standard bucket seats. Access Cab X-Runner and Double Cab models include bucket seats with center console, power mirrors, power windows and power door locks.
Options for the 2012 Toyota Tacoma compact pickup include a 4.0-liter V6, 4-wheel drive, JBL GreenEdge audio with Bluetooth connectivity, Entune infotainment system, and the SR5 Package, that adds color-keyed over-fenders and front bumper, chrome grille surround and a chrome rear bumper. Double and Access Cabs can be fitted with a rearview camera while transmission upgrades from the base 5-speed manual include a 4-speed automatic, 5-speed automatic and 5-speed manual. Optional body configurations include Access Cab and Double Cab models, plus a long bed. Hill-start Assist (HAC) is available on V6 models with automatic transmissions. There are also myriad TRD parts available including the Big Brake Package and a supercharger. In addition, a limited run of T|X and T|X Pro Package features can be added to TRD-equipped trucks. The T|X trim adds 16-inch black bead-lock alloy wheels, black tube side steps and unique exterior graphics. The Pro Package takes it a step further, adding a cat-back custom exhaust.
Both the 4-cylinder and the V6 Tacoma engines feature Toyota's VVT-i technology (Variable Valve Timing with intelligence) that minimizes the compromise between low-end torque and peak horsepower. Combined with a choice of four available transmissions, 2- or 4-wheel drive, three cab styles and more, Toyota makes it easy to get exactly the pickup you want. Maximum towing and payload capacities are 6,500 pounds and 1,535 pounds, respectively.
2.7-liter in-line 4
159 horsepower @ 5,200 rpm
180 lb-ft of torque @ 3,800 rpm
EPA city/highway fuel economy: 21/25 (2WD, manual), 19/24 (2WD, automatic),
18/20 (4WD, manual), 18/21 (4WD, automatic)
4.0-liter V6
236 horsepower @ 5,200 rpm
266 lb-ft of torque @ 4,000 rpm
EPA city/highway fuel economy: 16/21 (2WD, manual), 17/21 (2WD, automatic), 15/19 (4WD, manual), 16/21 (4WD, automatic)
To compare current market prices, check out KBB.com's car classifieds to view the new and used Toyota Tacoma Access Cab vehicles for sale near you.
Based on 1483 Ratings for the 2005 - 2015 models.Review this car
By KRS on Wednesday, February 10, 2016
I own this car - My approximate mileage is 127,000overall rating 9 of 10rating details
Pros: "Dependability, comfortable interior, powerful."
Cons: "Rough ride on city roads."
Likely to recommend this car? (1-10): 10
"My truck has 127,000 and has never been in the shop for a repair. It's extremely dependable. The only negative comment I have is it rides rough on city streets. It rides great on the freeway though."
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By mock on Saturday, January 30, 2016
I own this car - My approximate mileage is 132,000overall rating 9 of 10rating details
Cons: "not a one."
Likely to recommend this car? (1-10): 9
"Love this truck. Has been very reliable and a great purchase. I have own mine for two years and only had to change the oil and rotate tires. Handles very well in Michigan's four seasons. Have to say for a little truck it had done the work I have needed it to with out fail. From towing cars to hauling shingles. Love this truck."
3 people out of 3 found this review helpful
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By Ryle on Saturday, January 16, 2016
I own this car - My approximate mileage is 6,500overall rating 10 of 10rating details
Pros: "All around Great vehicle"
Cons: "See review"
Likely to recommend this car? (1-10): 10
"I like hand brakes, and am 6 foot tall so a little tight with the headroom getting. Once inside no problems"
5 people out of 7 found this review helpful
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By Rick on Wednesday, December 16, 2015
I own this car - My approximate mileage is 2,300overall rating 10 of 10rating details
Pros: "Made for outdoors , fun ..quad that is steet legal"
Cons: "expensive"
Likely to recommend this car? (1-10): 10
"There are more comfortable trucks and there are trucks with more gadgets. but the Tacoma is unmatched for reliability, dependability and nimbleness. It is built for the outdoorsman."
8 people out of 9 found this review helpful
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By Ed on Tuesday, December 08, 2015
I own this car - My approximate mileage is 14,200overall rating 10 of 10rating details
Pros: "easy to drive, comfy seats, reliability,well built"
Cons: "needs a turbo"
Likely to recommend this car? (1-10): 8
"The truck gets about 19 mpg city and 24 hwy. Tried to go on a trip to South Dakota, truck spent a lot of time in 3rd gear in the mountains of Wyoming and South Dakota. 80 MPH was almost too much, wish I had gotten a V-6. but I wanted gas mileage"
3 people out of 6 found this review helpful
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By Buddy on Wednesday, November 25, 2015
I own this car - My approximate mileage is 71,500overall rating 9 of 10rating details
Likely to recommend this car? (1-10): 9
"Bought new for $17,700 total with tax. Keep track of gas mileage and have averaged 27.97 mpg since day one. Had towing package, cruise control, alarm system and a safe installed. Put tool box on myself. Had the computer replaced under warranty @ 11,000 miles and due to teaching 2 daughters to drive stick, had to replace clutch @ 53,500 miles. Some issues with CD/stereo cutting out and back on intermittently. Otherwise I would say very reliable, good value and great gas mileage"
15 people out of 30 found this review helpful
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Book your room at Americas Best Value Inn Crosstimbers
Room, 1 Queen Bed, Non SmokingMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Room, 1 King Bed, Non SmokingMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Room, 1 King Bed, SmokingMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Room, 2 Queen Beds, Non SmokingMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Room, 2 Queen Beds, SmokingMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible, Non SmokingMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Suite, 1 King Bed, Non SmokingMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)
Get an overview of this hotelMotel in Stephenville with free breakfast and outdoor pool
Collect 200 points
Simply enter your Nectar card number when prompted. Your points will be credited 30 days after you return from your trip.*Offers may apply
Situated in Stephenville, this motel is within 2 mi (3 km) of Tarleton State University, Stephenville City Park, and Jaycee City Park. Erath County Courthouse and Bosque River Centre are also within 3 mi (5 km).
Property Features
An outdoor pool, dry cleaning, and laundry facilities are available at this motel. Free continental breakfast and free WiFi in public areas are also provided. Other amenities include barbecue grills and RV/bus/truck parking.
Room Amenities
Rooms provide conveniences like refrigerators and microwaves, plus free WiFi and LED TVs with cable channels. Free local calls, hair dryers, and ironing boards are among the other amenities that guests will find.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. This Stephenville motel also offers an outdoor pool, barbecue grills, and laundry facilities.
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Free breakfast
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Free WiFi
- Laundry facilities
- RV, bus, truck parking
- Luggage storage
- Outdoor pool
Family Friendly Amenities
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
RV, bus, truck parking
Room Amenities
- Premium TV channels
- Free local calls
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Desk
- Cable TV service
- Free WiFi
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary continental breakfast each morning.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Pets allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Hotel Name
- Americas Best Value Inn Crosstimbers
- Americas Best Value Inn Crosstimbers Motel
- Americas Best Value Inn Crosstimbers Motel Stephenville
- Americas Best Value Inn Crosstimbers Stephenville

subset: commoncrawl


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Great Product
15 people found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer3165853 on Jun 13, 2011
This is the best omega-3 product on the market, in my opinion. It very noticeably helps reduce my sensations of inflammation...joint pain and fatigue. The olive polyphenols are a great bonus, since they help retard oxidation of the oil as well as confer anti-oxidative benefits to the body. There is also no fishy aftertaste...not many products on the market can claim that. This is actually an excellent price for the quality, being 5-Star IFOS tested which most other popular brands are not (i.e. Natural Factors, Trader Joe's, Now Foods, etc). Rancid fish oil is pretty dangerous stuff...
Easiest to digest fish oil I've ever tried
12 people found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer1333826 on Feb 05, 2011
I have tried 5 brands of omega 3. Some of them caused me problems in my stomach with fish taste and slow digestions. Another brands offer enteric coated softgel to be digested in the intestine. In this case I have experimented meteorism. Only this omega 3 of Extension Life give me almost no problems, maybe because of her purity. I recomend it to people with digestive problems with fish oil like me.
Best Omega 3 Supplement
4 people found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer1375926 on Dec 30, 2010
This fish oil supplement has the best shelf life of many brands I have tried. The other brands I have tried, including several molecularly distilled brands which also use tocepherols as preservatives, have smelled rancid. Life Extension gets something right in their processing that even some other highly touted brands seem to miss. Thanks for the chance to sing their praises.
The best for heart palpitations !
3 people found the following review helpful
Posted by PouletFrites64 on May 31, 2012
They are very pure and they also have sesame lignans and olive fruit extract. They make me very calm and it's the Omega 3 that calms my heart palpitations the best. The softgel is kind of big, so if that's an issue for you Life Extension also makes smallers softgels (the one with 240 softgels). My mom also loves those.
Great stuff!
3 people found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer2601438 on Mar 18, 2011
Highly recommended. I can feel the difference. Helps with brain fog.


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Most Accurate MLB Experts Past 4 Years
Return to Injuries & Player Updates
Moderator: Baseball Moderators
One-Hitter wrote:Take the question mark off your subject line.
SlightlyStoopid wrote:Now the interesting question is who get's removed from the rotation when Harden is called up this weekend?
SlightlyStoopid wrote:
Looks like the answer is Gaudin.
TBallgame wrote:SlightlyStoopid wrote:
Looks like the answer is Gaudin.
Is this pretty accurate, Will Gaudin be taken out of rotation until Harden gets hurt again
damnitman wrote:Many fantasy eyes will be on Harden this afternooon. Lets hope he can take it
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2 Kings 24:6New King James Version (NKJV)
6 So Jehoiakim rested with his fathers. Then Jehoiachin his son reigned in his place.
New King James Version (NKJV)
Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
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Free mHealth Apps Report: Patient Activists Demand Higher Quality Mobile Apps×
Patient Influencer Advice for Increased Co-Pay Program Value
Co-pay cards and loyalty programs have become a staple of the pharmaceutical product experience, introducing a means to offer instant rebates to patients, while offsetting potential hurdles to prescription medications including increased generic competition and lack of patient compliance/persistency. We asked a panel of influential patients from the WEGO Health network for their advice on how to improve pharmaceutical co-pay and loyalty program offerings.
See the patient influencer's prescription for co-pay program success brought to life via infographic.
This infographic includes tips from 80 patient influencers spanning multiple health conditions. Collectively they reach an audience of 2.9 million people each month. Included are their suggestions for improving the co-pay and loyalty program experience, as well as specific benefits they would recommend for increasing overall program value.


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The Marquette Regional History Center held its third annual Re-Design Fashion Show Thursday. The show featured local designers who used older clothes and other materials to create one of a kind fashions.
Organizers use the event to raise money for the history center. They're hoping the event can become something Marquette is known for.
"I would like people to feel, number one, inspired that maybe they can create themselves, also being knowledgeable of the fact that we don't just always have to throw old things away. Sometimes we can look at something old and revisit that," said Kim Smith, owner of Garden Bouquet & Design.
A number of local re-designers were featured. They also provided their own models for their designs. Following the show, the crowd voted on the best one. The winner will come back next year and be the featured designer.


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Today's Specials: Iowa State looks for signature win vs. Kansas
|Iowa State should have beaten Kansas the first time; can Korie Lucious and the Cyclones close the deal? (USATSI)
We're entering the final two weeks of the regular season, and Monday should feature at least two high-level games. Big East pecking order is on the line in one matchup, while Iowa State looks to cement its at-large positioning with a win over Kansas. Plus, several mid-major races are heating up down the stretch.
Note: All times are Eastern, and the rankings are according to the AP poll.
Best game: No. 8 Syracuse at No. 17 Marquette (7 p.m., ESPN). Heading into the weekend, this could have been a matchup for first place in the Big East. However, Syracuse dropped a home game to Georgetown, and Marquette lost at Villanova. What does that mean? The loser could be fifth by the time the weekend rolls around. The rebounding battle will be a major factor. Neither team is very good on the defensive glass, but both crash the offensive boards looking for second-chance points. Moreover, can Marquette find open shots inside the paint against the Syracuse zone?
Second-best game: No. 9 Kansas at Iowa State (9 p.m., ESPN). The first time these two teams played, Iowa State blew a late lead and eventually lost in overtime. It was Ben McLemore's coming-out party, as the redshirt freshman hit a 3-pointer with 1.3 seconds remaining in regulation en route to 33 points and the win. Both teams are hitting their stride again after a few bumps in the road, with Iowa State reeling off three wins in a row -- and scoring at least 83 points in five of its last six games. Kansas has won four in a row since losing three straight. Iowa State created matchup problems in the first meeting, with Georges Niang and Melvin Ejim stretching the defense and forcing Jeff Withey to leave the paint. That could be a key again.
Another one to watch: Villanova at Seton Hall (9 p.m., ESPNU). Villanova took a major step forward in its quest for an at-large bid by knocking off Marquette on Saturday, but the Wildcats can't stop there. The issue with them this season is not being able to sustain momentum of big wins -- will that trend continue against struggling Seton Hall? The key will be guarding the perimeter and limiting Seton Hall's 3-point attempts. Nova still has games remaining against Pitt and Georgetown, so a win here would be nice.
Guaranteed win: Kansas State remains tied atop the Big 12 standings with Kansas, although getting swept at the hands of the Jayhawks mean they need to win the league outright. Facing Texas Tech at home on Monday is a good start (7 p.m., ESPNU). The Wildcats won the first matchup by nine on the road, but the gap should be even wider in Manhattan.
Potential upset: Savannah State has reeled off wins in 12 of its last 13 games, yet it still sits 2 1/2 games back of first place in the MEAC. There is still time, however, to make a run -- but the Tigers could have some trouble with Bethune-Cookman (7:30 p.m.). Savannah won the first meeting by three points, but Bethune has won four straight home games. Adrien Coleman could be the difference.
Three things to keep an eye on:
- With the SWAC race winding down, it's still up in the air. Second-place Texas Southern can forge a tie for first place with a win at Alabama State (8:30 p.m.), while 13-3 Arkansas-Pine Bluff stays within striking distance with a win over Jackson State (8:30 p.m.).
- Grambling has three games left in which to get its first win of the season. A road game at Mississippi Valley State is up first (8:30 p.m.).
- Bryant has lost its grip on the Northeast Conference, but a win over Sacred Heart (7 p.m.) would put them one game back of Robert Morris -- before the head-to-head showdown later this week.
For more college basketball news, rumors and analysis, follow @EyeOnCBB on Twitter, subscribe to our RSS Feed and subscribe to our College Basketball Newsletter. You can follow Jeff Borzello on Twitter here: @jeffborzello


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Are you I.N. Savvaidis?Claim your profile
Publications (69)179.39 Total impact
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ABSTRACT: The effect of packaging (aerobic and vacuum) either with citrus extract, natamycin individually added, or the combination of two, was studied on the shelf-life of a Greek traditional deli salad "Tzatziki" during storage under refrigeration (4°C). Irrespective of the packaging conditions and treatments, yeasts populations of approximately 4.0-6.5logcfu/g were recorded in the microflora of the salad, whereas the Pseudomonas spp. populations were lower (2-3logcfu/g). Tzatziki's overall flavour was better under vacuum, and of all the treatments examined, the addition of citrus extract, and to a letter extent the combination with natamycin, improved the taste and odour (fruity, pleasant, refreshing with reduced garlic typical flavour) of Tzatziki salad. The shelf-life of Tzatziki was extended by ca. >10days (citrus extract, citrus-natamycin) and 5-6days (natamycin, citrus and citrus-natamycin) under aerobic or vacuum, respectively, as compared to the control sample.
Article: Efficacy of nisin and/or natamycin to improve the shelf-life of Galotyri cheese. Food Microbiol[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the use of nisin, natamycin and/or their combination as antimicrobial treatments to improve the shelf-life of Galotyri cheese. Samples were treated with nisin [N1 (100 IU/g), N2 (200 IU/g)], natamycin [NA1 (0.01% w/w), NA2 (0.02% w/w)] and their combinations N1-NA1, N1-NA2, N2-NA1 and N2-NA2. A Galotyri control (N0) cheese sample was also tested (absence of nisin or natamycin). Single N1, N2 treatments reduced lactobacilli and lactococci populations, but their effect was less pronounced, as compared to the combined nisin-natamycin treatments between days 14 and 28 of storage. Yeast populations in natamycin-treated Galotyri cheese samples or those additionally treated with nisin were significantly suppressed throughout the entire period of storage. Control N0 or N1, N2 treated samples received significantly lower acceptability scores, as compared to either natamycin or natamycin-nisin treated samples. Natamycin, added either singly or in combination with nisin, efficiently suppressed fungal growth in the Galotyri cheese. The observed shelf life of Galotyri, based on overall acceptability data, was the longest for N1-NA1, N1-NA2, N2-NA1 and N2-NA2 cheese samples (>28 days) followed by the N1, N2 treated samples (18-19 days) whereas for the control N0 a shelf-life of 14-15 days was attained.
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ABSTRACT: In this study fresh turkey meat was packaged under vacuum and stored at 2°C. The following lots were used: T (control); stored under vacuum packaging (VP), T-RO; stored under VP, treated with rosemary oil 0.25% v/w, T-CH; stored under VP, treated with chitosan 1.5% w/v, and T-CH-RO; stored under VP, treated with chitosan 1.5% w/v and rosemary oil 0.25% v/w. Of the microbial microflora species examined, irrespective of treatment, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) constituted the most abundant group. Interestingly, total plate counts (TPCs) and LAB counts, exceeding the limit value of 7logcfu/g, in T and T-RO turkey samples coincided with low taste scores (5 and 6, respectively) on days 12 and 18 of storage. The shelf-life was approximately 10, 17-18 and >21days for the control (T), T-RO, T-CH and T-CH-RO turkey samples, respectively. Thus, a shelf-life extension of 7-8 and >11days was obtained for T-RO and T-CH, and T-CH-RO turkey samples, respectively. The presence of chitosan in T-CH and T-CH-RO samples did not negatively influence the taste of cooked turkey meat.
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ABSTRACT: The qualitative and quantitative profile of biogenic amines (BA) in 50 samples of dry fermented sausages sold in Greek retail markets were determined by HPLC. Putrescine, cadaverine, tryptamine, β-phenylethylamine spermidine, spermine were analysed by UV detection after pre-column derivatization with benzoyl chloride, whereas tyramine and histamine were analysed by fluorescence detection after post-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA). With the exception of spermidine and spermine a wide variation of BA levels was observed among the samples. Of the BA examined, tyramine, putrescine, histamine and cadaverine showed high concentrations ranging from: 0 to 510mg/kg (median: 197.7mg/kg), 0 to 505mg/kg (median: 96.5mg/kg), 0 to 515mg/kg (median: 7.0mg/kg) and 0 to 690mg/kg (median: 3.6mg/kg), respectively. The histamine content of 28% of the samples exceeded the toxicity limit of 100mg/kg set for histamine in some fish species. Levels of tryptamine and β-phenyl-ethylamine never exceeded 50 and 29mg/kg, respectively. Results of the present study suggest that the amounts of BA in dry fermented sausages, sold in Greek retail markets, may pose a potential health risk for sensitive individuals or for those undergoing classical monoamine oxidase inhibiting (MAOI) drug therapy.
Article: Effect of chitosan treatments on quality parameters of fresh refrigerated swordfish (Xiphias gladius) steaks stored in air and under vacuum conditions[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study examined the effect of chitosan (1.0% w/v) in combination with packaging on the shelf-life of fresh swordfish steaks. Treatments included the following: A (untreated, control samples stored in air), A-CH (treated with chitosan 1.0% w/v, stored in air), VP (untreated, stored under vacuum packaging) and VP-CH (treated with chitosan, stored under vacuum packaging). VP-CH significantly affected Total Viable Counts (TVC), Pseudomonas spp., H(2)S-producing bacteria (including Shewanella putrefaciens), lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. Production of TMA-N and TVB-N for A-CH, VP and VP-CH swordfish samples was significantly lower than for control (A) samples at day 8 of storage. Histamine formation for all treatments was low. A-CH and VP-CH resulted in significantly lower levels of putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine (day 8) as compared to A and VP swordfish samples. Results of this study indicate that the shelf-life of swordfish steaks can be extended using, either aerobic or vacuum packaging and in combination with chitosan, by approximately 4 (A-CH), 8 (VP) and 12 (VP-CH) days. Swordfish steaks treated with chitosan and stored under VP were sensorially acceptable up to 17days. The presence of chitosan (A-CH and VP-CH) did not negatively influence the taste of cooked swordfish.
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ABSTRACT: In this study fresh chicken liver meat was stored under vacuum packaging (VP) and under refrigeration (4 °C). The following treatments were used: V (control samples, stored under VP), VT1 (thyme oil; 0.1% v/w, stored under VP) and VT2 (thyme oil; 0.3% v/w, stored under VP). Lipid oxidation was low, as judged by determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) values, in vacuum-packaged chicken liver meat, both in the absence or presence of thyme essential oil (EO) during the entire storage period. Of the color parameters (L*, a*, b*) monitored during storage time, L* (lightness) values for vacuum-packaged chicken liver, irrespective of treatment, showed a varying trend, whereas a* (redness) values for V, VT1, and VT2 liver samples decreased, showing no significant differences. As determined by sensory analysis the observed shelf life of chicken liver samples was longest for VT2 (>12 d) followed by VT1 (12 d) and control (V) samples (7 d). Our results suggest that a Brochothrix thermosphact count (7 log CFU/g) and appearance of visible colonies can be used as indicators of chicken liver spoilage.
Article: Chitosan dipping or oregano oil treatments, singly or combined on modified atmosphere packaged chicken breast meat[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study examined the effect of natural antimicrobials: chitosan, oregano and their combination, on the shelf-life of modified atmosphere packaged chicken breast meat stored at 4°C. Treatments examined in the present study were the following: M (control samples stored under modified atmosphere packaging), M-O (samples treated with oregano oil 0.25% v/w, stored under MAP), M-CH (samples treated with chitosan 1.5% w/v, stored under MAP) and M-CH-O (treated with chitosan 1.5% w/v and oregano oil 0.25% v/w, stored under MAP). Treatment, M-CH-O, significantly affected mesophilic Total Plate Counts (TPC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., and yeasts-moulds during the storage period. Lipid oxidation (as determined by MDA values) of control and treated chicken samples was in general low and below 0.5 mg MDA/kg, showing no oxidative rancidity during the storage period. Addition of chitosan to the chicken samples produced higher (P<0.05) lightness (L*) values as compared to the control samples. The results of this study indicate that the shelf-life of chicken fillets can be extended using, either oregano oil singly, and/or chitosan, by approximately 6 (M-O) and >15 (M-CH and M-CH-O) days. Interestingly, chitosan (M-CH) or chitosan-oregano (M-CH-O) treated chicken samples were sensorially acceptable during the entire refrigerated storage period of 21 days. It is noteworthy that the presence of chitosan in M-CH and M-CH-O samples did not negatively influence the taste of chicken samples, with M-CH samples receiving a higher score (compared to M-CH-O), probably as a result of a distinct and "spicy" lemon taste of chitosan, that was well received by the panelists. Based primarily on sensory data (taste attribute) M-CH and M-O treatments extended the shelf-life of chicken fillets by 6 days, while M-CH-O treatment resulted in a product with a shelf-life of 14 days, maintaining acceptable sensory characteristics.
Article: The effects of modified atmosphere packaging, EDTA and oregano oil on the quality of chicken liver meat[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Fresh chicken liver meat was packaged in air or under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; 30%CO2/70%N2) and stored under refrigeration (4°C). The following treatments were used: A (control samples, air packaging), AE [(EDTA (20mM), air packaging)], M (MAP), ME (EDTA, stored under MAP), MER1 [(EDTA, oregano oil (0.1% v/wt), stored under MAP)] and MER2 [(EDTA, oregano oil (0.3% v/wt), stored under MAP)]. Quality evaluation of product stored under above packaging conditions and treated with EDTA and oregano oil was conducted using microbiological, chemical and sensory analyses. Based on mesophilic total viable counts (TVC) a microbiological shelf-life extension of 7, 9, 15 or >15days was obtained for M, ME, MER1 or MER2 liver samples, respectively, compared to the control's (A) shelf-life of 3days. Air-packaged liver samples showed higher pH values in the first 8days of storage compared to M, ME, MER1 and MER2 samples, with the latter showing a significant decrease at the end of the storage period. Interestingly, the presence of the oregano oil in MER1 and MER2 liver resulted in a lower production of TBA compared to all other samples. Based on sensory analysis, MER1 and MER2 extended the shelf-life of chicken liver by 14–15days, while treatments M and ME by 7 and 9days, respectively. Our results support the hypothesis that the shelf-life of chicken liver meat may substantially be extended (by almost 3 times the usual product's shelf-life using a natural antimicrobial combination (EDTA, oregano oil and MAP).
Article: Combined natural antimicrobial treatments on a Ready-to-Eat poultry product stored at 4 and 8 °C[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of natural antimicrobial agents EDTA, lysozyme, and 2 essential oils (rosemary and oregano) on the quality of a ready-to-eat poultry product (semicooked coated; SCC) stored under aerobic packaging conditions at 4°C (retail) and 8°C (abuse) for a period of 16 d. Treatments included the following: air-packaged chicken fillets (control, untreated); with EDTA (1.50% wt/wt); with lysozyme solution (1.50% wt/wt); with rosemary oil (0.20% vol/wt); with oregano oil (0.20% vol/wt); with a combination of EDTA and lysozyme solutions (1.50% wt/wt each); and with the combination of EDTA, lysozyme, and either rosemary or oregano essential oils (all added at concentrations previously mentioned). The shelf life of the SCC samples (untreated and treated) was determined using both microbiological and sensory analyses. Natural antimicrobial combinations consisting of EDTA, lysozyme, and rosemary or oregano essential oil affected the growth of Pseudomonas and yeasts and molds, whereas EDTA, lysozyme, and rosemary essential oil controlled Brochothrix thermosphacta population in the SCC chicken fillets stored at 4 and 8°C. The combination of EDTA, lysozyme, and either rosemary or oregano resulted in a shelf life extension of 5 d compared with the control samples at both 4 and 8°C, with the former combination producing a more sensorially acceptable product.
Article: Effect of Packaging and Basil Essential Oil on the Quality Characteristics of Whey Cheese "Anthotyros"[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we compared the effect of basil essential oil (EO) and various packaging conditions on "Anthotyros," a Greek whey cheese. This cheese was stored at 4 °C under aerobic (A), vacuum (V), and modified atmosphere (M, 40%/60%; CO2/N2,) conditions, without or with (AB, VB, and VM) basil EO added to the cheese samples to a final concentration of 0.4% (v/w). The quality characteristics and the shelf life of both untreated and basil EO-treated cheese were assessed using microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory parameters. Microbiological results revealed that either modified atmosphere/vacuum packaging (MAP/VP) singly or in combination with basil EO delayed microbial growth as compared to the control (A) samples. The sensory and microbiological data showed that the combined use of MAP and VP with added basil EO extended the shelf life of fresh Anthotyros (4 °C) by approximately 10–12 days (treatment MB) and 6 days (treatment VB) as compared to aerobic packaging (A). Under these treatments, whey cheese samples maintained good sensory characteristics. This study has shown that the combined use of either VP or MAP, and basil EO, can extend the shelf life of whey cheese and maintain the freshness and the sensorial characteristics of the product.
Article: Quality Assessment of Salted, Modified Atmosphere Packaged Rainbow Trout under Treatment with Oregano Essential Oil[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the effect of oregano essential oil (EO) on fresh salted, packaged (45%CO2/5%O2/50%N2) rainbow trout fillets and stored for a period of 21 d at 4 °C. Treatments included the following: M1 (control without added EO), M2 (EO 0.2%, v/w), and M3 (0.4%, v/w). Populations of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), H2S-producing bacteria (including Shewanella putrefaciens), Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas spp. reached higher final numbers in control (M1) than for M2 and M3 samples. Under treatments M2 and M3, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and trimethylamine nitrogen (TMAN) values were lower than for M1 samples, whereas lipid oxidation, as judged by determination of thiobarbituric acid values (TBA), did not occur during the refrigerated storage period. Interestingly, treatment M2 resulted in a shelf-life extension of 7 to 8 d for the fresh trout fillets, whereas treatment M3 proved unsuitable (due to strong odor) for trout fillet preservation, as determined by sensory evaluation. Practical Application: The use of an essential oil such as oregano oil in fresh fish preservation may be considered an alternative "natural" additive, enhancing the sensory characteristics and extending the shelf life of the product.
Article: Combined chitosan-thyme treatments with modified atmosphere packaging on a Greek ready-to-cook (RTC) poultry product[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In the present study, natural antimicrobials chitosan and thyme, and their combination, were evaluated for their effect on the shelf life of a ready-to-cook (RTC) chicken-pepper kebab (skewer) stored under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions at 4 +/- 0.5 degrees C for 14 days. The following treatments were examined: control samples stored under aerobic packaging (A), samples stored under MAP (M), samples treated with 1.5% chitosan (vol/wt) and stored under MAP (M-CH), samples treated with 0.2% thyme essential oil (vol/wt) (M-T), and samples treated with 1.5% chitosan (vol/wt) and 0.2% thyme essential oil (vol/wt) and stored under MAP (M-CH-T). Treatment M-CH-T significantly affected aerobic plate counts and counts of lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterobacteriaceae, and yeasts and molds during the entire storage period. Similarly, lipid oxidation of the RTC product was retarded (M-CH-T treatment) during storage, whereas redness was maintained in M-T, M-CH, and M-CH-T samples. Based primarily on sensory data (taste attribute), M-CH and M-T treatments extended RTC product shelf life by 6 days, whereas M-CH-T treatment resulted in a product with a shelf life of 14 days that maintained acceptable sensory characteristics (shelf life of the control was 6 days).
Article: Combined effects of salting, oregano oil and vacuum-packaging on the shelf-life of refrigerated trout fillets[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the effect of salt, oregano essential oil (EO) and packaging on fresh rainbow trout fillets during storage at 4 degrees C. Treatments included the following: A1 (control samples, unsalted: air packaged), A2 (salted: air packaged), VP1 (salted, vacuum packaged), VP2 (salted, vacuum packaged with added oregano EO 0.2% v/wt), and VP3 salted, vacuum packaged with added oregano EO 0.4% v/wt). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (to a greater extent), followed by H(2)S-producing bacteria (including Shewanella putrefaciens), Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae reached higher populations in A1, A2 (as compared to VP1, VP2 and VP3) trout samples. Treatments VP1, VP2 and VP3 produced significantly lower (P < 0.05) total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and trimethylamine nitrogen (TMAN) values as compared to the A1 and A2 samples after day 6 and until end of storage period. Changes in thiobarbituric acid values (TBA) values for A1, A2, VP1, VP2 and VP3 samples were variable, indicative of no specific trend in trout samples, irrespective of packaging in the absence and/or presence of salt and oregano EO. As determined by sensory analysis (overall acceptability attribute) the observed shelf-life of trout fillets was longest for VP2 (16-17 days) followed by VP1 (14 days), A2 (8 days) and control (A1) samples (5 days). The presence of salt and oregano oil (0.2%) in cooked VP1 trout samples produced a distinct but sensorially acceptable pleasant odor, well received by the panellists, in contrast to the combined effect of salt and oregano oil at the higher concentrations (0.4% v/wt) used. Addition of salt (treatment VP1) extended the product's shelf-life by 9 days, whereas the combination of salt, oregano EO (0.2% v/wt) under VP conditions (treatment VP2) resulted in a significant shelf-life extension of trout fillets (11-12 days) according to sensory data, as compared to the control sample, kept under aerobic conditions.
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study examined the effect of natural antimicrobials: chitosan, thyme and their combination, on the shelf-life of a Ready to Cook (RTC) chicken-pepper kebab (skewer) stored under aerobic conditions at 4 +/- 0.5 degrees C for a period of 12 days. Treatments examined in the present study were the following: A (control samples, untreated), A-CH (chitosan; 1.5% v/w), A-T (thyme essential oil; 0.2% v/w) and A-CH-T (chitosan; 1.5% v/w and thyme essential oil; 0.2% v/w). The shelf-life of the samples was determined using both microbiological and sensory analyses. Among the microorganisms examined, pseudomonads were the most resistant group towards the combined application of chitosan and thyme oil (ca. 1.5 log cycle reduction) while Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Brochothrix thermosphacta and Enterobacteriaceae were the most sensitive to the combined action of these two agents (2-3 log cycle reduction). Yeasts-moulds were also part of the natural microbial association of the RTC product, with A-CH-T treatment suppressing effectively their growth during the entire period of storage. Treatments A-CH and A-CH-T resulted in lower pH values as compared to the control (A) samples. Of the treatments examined in the present study, A-CH-T, gave a "spicy", desirable and pleasant (organoleptically acceptable) RTC product. Based primarily on sensory data (taste attribute) A-CH, A-T and A-CH-T treatments extended the product's shelf-life by ca. 4 and 6 days, respectively, as compared to the control sample.
Article: Combined natural antimicrobial treatments (EDTA, lysozyme, rosemary and oregano oil) on semi cooked coated chicken meat stored in vacuum packages at 4 degrees C: microbiological and sensory evaluation. Innov Food Sci Emerg[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study examined the effect of natural antimicrobials: Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), lysozyme, rosemary and oregano oil and their combinations, on the shelf-life of semi cooked coated chicken fillets stored under vacuum packaging (VP), at 4 ± 0.5 °C for a period of 18 days. The treatments of semi cooked coated chicken fillets examined in the present study were the following: Air-packaged (A, control samples), vacuum-packaged (VP), VP with EDTA–lysozyme solution 1.50% w/w, (VP + EL), VP with rosemary oil 0.20% v/w, (VP + R), VP with oregano oil 0.20% v/w, (VP + O), VP with EDTA–lysozyme solution and rosemary oil (VP + EL + R) and finally VP with EDTA–lysozyme and oregano oil (VP + EL + O). The shelf-life of the samples was determined using both microbiological and sensory analyses. Among the antimicrobial combinations examined in the present study, the treatments VP + EL + R and VP + EL + O were the most effective against the growth of Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, and to a lesser extent on yeasts. Based on both microbiological (TVC data) and sensory (taste attribute) analyses, treatments: VP and VP + O gave a shelf life extension of 6 days, whereas treatments VP + EL + R and VP + EL + O produced a shelf-life extension of 7–8 days, as compared to the control samples.Industrial RelevanceThe present research has highlighted the use of natural antimicrobial treatment combinations, including: EDTA, lysozyme, rosemary and oregano oil and their combinations, in the extension of shelf-life of semi cooked coated chicken fillets stored under vacuum packaging at 4 °C for a period of 18 days. Establishing, the determination of the shelf-life of fresh poultry and products represents a challenge for food companies as poultry meat has a short shelf-life, which causes substantial practical problems for its distribution. Therefore, knowledge of natural preservatives, that can be used as alternatives to chemical additives, that could extend the products' shelf life can have an important economic feedback by reducing losses attributed to spoilage and by allowing the products to reach distant and new markets. This study has shown that combinations of natural antimicrobials can extend the shelf-life of the product.
Article: Combined effect of MAP and thyme essential oil on the microbiological, chemical and sensory attributes of organically aquacultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the combined effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) using two different gas mixtures (40% CO2/50% N2/10% O2; treatment M1, 60% CO2/30% N2/10% O2, treatment M2), and thyme oil (0.2% v/w, T) used as a natural preservative, on the quality and shelf life extension of fresh filleted sea bass, product of organic aquaculture, during refrigerated storage (4 +/- 0.5 degrees C), for a period of 21 days. Aerobically packaged sea bass fillets (A) were used as control samples. The dominant bacteria in the microflora of sea bass fillets, irrespective of treatment, were the pseudomonads and the H2S-producing bacteria while lactic acid bacteria were also part of the dominant microflora. Total viable counts for fresh sea bass fillets stored aerobically exceeded 7 log CFU/g after 7 days, while treatments A+T, M1, M2 and M2+T reached the same value on days 9, 10, 12 and 19, respectively. Among the chemical indices determined, TBA values were within the good quality limits (2-4 mg MDA/kg), during the sensory shelf lives of sea bass samples, irrespective of treatment. TVB-N proved to be a suitable index for the spoilage of sea bass fillets stored at 4 degrees C. Samples A and A+T, M1, M2, M2+T exceeded the proposed upper TVB-N acceptability limit (10 mg N/100 g) on days 6, 8, 9, 13 and 17 of storage respectively. TMA-N values of the samples A, A+T and M1, M2, M2+T exceeded the proposed limit (4 mg N/100 g) on days 6, 9, 9-10, 13 and 19 of storage, respectively, and correlated well with the microbiological data, indicating that along with TVB-N, TMA-N may serve as a useful index for sea bass fillets spoilage. As regards sensory evaluation, the presence of thyme oil proved to improve the sensory quality of sea bass fillets when used in combination with MAP2, providing a shelf life of 17 days as compared to 6 days of the control samples.
Article: Effect of thyme essential oil and packaging treatments on fresh Mediterranean swordfish fillets during storage at 4°C[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the effect of thyme essential oil and packaging on fresh Mediterranean swordfish fillets during storage at 4 °C. Treatments in the present study included the following: air (A), modified atmosphere packaging (M), air with thyme oil (AT) and MAP with thyme oil (MT). Of the physicochemical parameters examined, TBA values for A and M swordfish samples were variable, indicative of no specific oxidative rancidity trend, whereas MT treatment inhibited lipid oxidation in swordfish samples during storage. On the basis of microbiological and sensory data, TMA-N and TVB-N limit values of acceptability for Mediterranean swordfish, of ca. 3.72 and 24.5 mg N/100 g, for the initiation of fresh Mediterranean swordfish spoilage, may be proposed. Of the treatments used in the present study, MT and M were the most effective for the inhibition of pseudomonads and H2S-producing bacteria in swordfish. Lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae (to a lesser extent) were also found to be part of the natural microbial flora of swordfish, irrespective of packaging treatment. Based primarily on sensory data, the shelf-lives of fresh refrigerated Mediterranean swordfish were 8 and 13 days under aerobic and MAP conditions, respectively. Addition of 0.1% thyme essential oil extended the product's shelf-life under aerobic conditions by 5 days, whereas the combination of MAP and thyme oil resulted in a significant shelf-life extension of the swordfish fillets, i.e. by approximately 7½ days, according to sensory data, as compared to the control sample.
Article: Nisin–EDTA treatments and modified atmosphere packaging to increase fresh chicken meat shelf-life[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The effect of nisin and EDTA treatments on the shelf-life of fresh chicken meat stored under modified atmosphere packaging at 4 °C was evaluated. Chicken meat was subjected to the following antimicrobial treatment combinations: Nisin–EDTA treatments (added post-production to the chicken samples) included: N1 (no nisin–EDTA added; control sample), N2 (500 IU/g; no EDTA added), N3 (1500 IU/g; no EDTA added), N4 (500 IU/g-10 mM EDTA), N5 (1500 IU/g-10 EDTA), N6 (500 IU/g-50 mM EDTA), N7 (1500 IU/g-50 EDTA), N8 (10 mM EDTA; no nisin added), and N9 (50 mM EDTA; no nisin added). N3, N4, N5, N6 and N7 affected populations of mesophilic bacteria, Pseudomonas sp., Brochothrix thermosphacta, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae. The antimicrobial combination treatments N5, N6 and N7 had a significant effect on the formation of volatile amines, trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) in chicken meat. The use of MAP in combination with nisin–EDTA antimicrobial treatments resulted in an organoleptic extension of refrigerated, fresh chicken meat by approximately 1–2 days (N2), 3–4 days (N3 and N4), 7–8 days (N5), 9–10 (N7) and by 13–14 days (N6). Chicken was better preserved under treatments N6 and N7, maintaining acceptable odour attributes even up to 24 and 20 days of storage, respectively.
Article: Combined effect of vacuum-packaging and oregano essential oil on the shelf-life of Mediterranean octopus (Octopus vulgaris) from the Aegean Sea stored at 4 °C[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the use of vacuum packaging (alone) or with addition of oregano essential oil (EO), as an antimicrobial treatment for shelf-life extension of fresh Mediterranean octopus stored under refrigeration for a period of 23 days. Four different treatments were tested: A, control sample; under aerobic storage in the absence of oregano essential oil; VP, under vacuum packaging in the absence of oregano essential oil; and VO1, VO2, treated samples with oregano essential oil 0.2 and 0.4% (v/w), respectively, under VP. Of all the microorganisms enumerated, Pseudomonas spp., H2S-producing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were the groups that prevailed in octopus samples, irrespective of antimicrobial treatment. With regard to the chemical freshness indices determined, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were low in all octopus samples, as could have been expected from the low fat content of the product. Both trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) values of oregano treated under VP octopus samples were significantly lower compared to control samples during the entire refrigerated storage period. Based primarily on sensory evaluation (odor), the use of VP, VO1 and VO2 extended the shelf-life of fresh Mediterranean octopus by ca. 3, 11 and 20 days, respectively.
Article: Physicochemical and microbiological changes of "Souvlaki" – A Greek delicacy lamb meat product: Evaluation of shelf-life using microbial, colour and lipid oxidation parameters[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Fresh Souvlaki-type lamb meat was packaged under vacuum (VP) and modified atmospheres (MAs) and stored under refrigeration (4°C) for a period of 13 days. The following gas mixtures were used: M1: 30%/70% (CO2/N2) and M2: 70%/30% (CO2/N2). Identical samples were aerobically-packaged and used as control samples. Quality evaluation of product stored under the above packaging conditions was conducted using physicochemical and microbiological analyses. Of the chemical parameters determined, pH values of product showed no significant differences for all packaging treatments as a function of storage time. Lipid oxidation of lamb meat was enhanced by aerobic storage and gas mixture M1, whereas VP and gas mixture M2 controlled lipid oxidation to a greater extent. Souvlaki colour stability (as determined by a∗, b∗ and L∗ values) was not negatively affected by either VP or MA conditions during the 13 days of storage. Of the two MAs and VP used, gas mixture M2 and VP were the most effective treatments for the inhibition of total viable counts (TVC), Pseudomonas spp., yeasts and Brochothrix thermosphacta in Souvlaki meat. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Enterobacteriaceae were also found in the microbial flora of Souvlaki and increased during storage under all packaging conditions used. Based on microbiological analysis data and on the proposed a∗ values, the use of VP and MAP (M2: 70%CO2/30N2) extended the shelf-life of "Souvlaki" meat stored at 4°C by approximately 4–5 days compared to aerobic packaging.
Top Journals
University of Ioannina
Yannina, Epirus, Greece
- • Department of Chemistry
- • Section of Industrial and Food Chemistry
- • School of Medicine
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Saloníki, Central Macedonia, Greece
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
King's College London
Londinium, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry


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IMDb > Allan Mann (Character)
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Allan Mann (Character)
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Translation of carriage in French:
- 1 (vehicle) (ceremonial)(for transport) attelage (m)
- 3uncountable (of goods, passenger) transport (m) (by par)carriage free/forwardport (m) gratuit/dûcarriage paidport (m) payé
- 4 (Technology) (of typewriter) → gun carriage
- 5 (person's bearing)(of head) port (m)
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What does FLSS (CFSAN) stand for?
What does FLSS (CFSAN) mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: FLSS (CFSAN).
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Food Labeling and Standards Staff (CFSAN)
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Compliance with The Joint Commission's 2009 leadership standards requires an understanding of how intertwined the concepts are with a hospital's everyday activities.
"When we really think about it, the leadership things really form the foundation for everything else," said Ken Rohde, senior consultant for The Greeley Company, a division of HCPro, Inc., in Marblehead, MA, at the recent 3rd Annual Association for Healthcare Accreditation Professionals Conference.
"If you have weaknesses in your leadership area, it's going to manifest itself everywhere," said Rohde. Strong leadership in the hospital setting is imperative to not only surviving, but thriving in today's world of changing values, regulatory issues, and economic climate, he said.
The importance of focusing efforts
Staff members and departmental managers must show leaders what they need to focus on to stay in compliance with the standards. Providing leaders with the necessary tools and convincing them to lead by example will allow a hospital to provide high-quality care and keep in line with regulations.
High-reliability organizations strive for more than compliance with standards, said Rohde. They aim to deliver the highest-quality care to every patient. However, paying attention to certain topics will ensure compliance with the standards and force hospitals to put patient care and staff cooperation first and allow the organization to focus on its priorities.
Process management
There are some leadership standards (LD.03.05.01, 04.04.03) that deal specifically with process improvement or design. A few others call for prioritization of performance improvement activities (LD.04.04.01), program management (LD.04.01.05), and organization-wide planning (LD.03.03.01).
Rohde encouraged attendees to make a list of the processes that must be improved and, from that, create a top 10 list. It's important that there be only one list so every staff member in the hospital knows the organization's focus and does not spend time tending to other issues.
"Prioritization: If you don't do that, all we're doing is making a list of 200 number one priorities," said Rohde. It is the job of leadership to decide what should and, more importantly, should not go on the top 10 list.
"It's really easy for someone to waltz into your office and tell you another 10 things to add to the list, but it's hard to say, 'I know we have risk here and that accreditors may be looking for this, but this is just not going to happen,'" Rohde said. A top 10 list can open up valuable communication about the organization's goals too.
Part of effective process management is change management, said Rohde. This shows that leaders have considered the directions that making a process change might take.
Read more of Ken's advice for compliance with the Leadership standards by visiting Briefings on Patient Safety on the HCPro Web site.
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Davis to sit rest of Hornets season
Updated: April 11, 2013, 10:47 PM ETAssociated Press
NEW ORLEANS -- The New Orleans Hornets say they will sit overall top draft choice Anthony Davis for their final three games because of his left knee injury.
The 6-foot-10 rookie forward was hurt when he collided with Marcus Thornton during the fourth quarter of Wednesday night's loss at Sacramento.
The Hornets say Davis was diagnosed Thursday with a sprained medial collateral ligament and bone bruise in his knee and that further evaluation and an MRI showed no additional structural ...
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- Doolittle: Korver's shooting slump
- Ford/Pelton: Is Randle a future Lakers star?
- Doolittle: Bucks better than their projection
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- Haberstroh: Markeiff Morris could struggle


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Hey, I'm Mo!
New York, New York, United States · Member since January 2010
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New York has so much offer! In terms of culture, the nightlife is always buzzing, amazing cuisine, and an entire city that never sleeps! I enjoy photography, eating at great restaurants and traveling! If you need to pointed in the right direction, please do not hesitate to ask!


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At Chicken Corner we use only the best and freshest ingredients. If it's a popular Burgers & Chicken, Kebab dish, we do it, choose your favourite from our extensive delivery menu. Every dish are meticulously prepared in authentic Burgers & Chicken, Kebab style, using only the best spices and ingredients. Chicken Corner, serving the most delicious food with the freshest vegetables and meat!


text: The First Stop On Your Next Trip is the Travel & Adventure Show Find World Class Destinations, Travel Experts, Speakers & Food and Cultural Entertainment From Around the Globe To Inspire and Plan Your Next Vacation. Meet some of your favorite celebrity travelers like Rick Steves or Samantha Brown. Hear unfamiliar accents as you speak to destination experts from around the planet. Taste an exotic dish at the Taste of Travel Theater. Experience rhythms of distant lands. Find a world of vacation options and deals that you just can't find anywhere else only at America's Favorite TRAVEL EXPOS! Discover America's Travel Shows TRAVEL SHOW HIGHLIGHTS Videos TRAVEL SHOW SPEAKERS 2016 Keynote Speakers BECOME AN EXHIBITOR Become An Exhibitor Email Signup Sign Up for Show Updates + Travel Deals


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SPACE riverhouse hostelNikko, Japan
Awesome, unique and atmospheric hostel (former onsen) next to woods and a river. The owner Scout takes care of everything from driving quests to and from Nikko centre to explaining and informing in detail what to see in Nikko area, where to go hiking and so on. Scout's breakfasts were great too. From the dozens and dozens of hostels I've been to SPACE riverhouse is absolutely one of the best, if not the best one, I've ever been to. Highly recommended.
- Avid Traveller
- Finland
- Mixed Group, 25-30
- (12 reviews)
Euro Youth HostelMunich, Germany
Probably the best hostel I've ever been to and I've been to some! Great staff and facilities. Hostel bar is really worth it, a place for great discussions and meeting new people. Location is very good ie. near centrum and particularly with backpackers travelling by train - superb - just next to the train station. A great value for money.
City BreakBelgrade, Serbia
Grrreat staff and hostel is high quality, clean and safe! Recommended!
Tito46Sarajevo, Bosnia And Herzegovina
High quality hostel in the centre of the city and great value for money, recommended!
Rooms GaraDubrovnik, Croatia
Beach HostelSplit, Croatia
Ladybird is fabulous! Cozy and nice hostel near to the beaches. Recommended!
Swanky CribZagreb, Croatia
Alibi Hostel LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
Location is great and hostel was cheap but that's pretty much all good I have to say. First of all cleanliness of Alibi hostel is just horrible. Toilets were dirty and smelly, some even stuck. Showers didn't have much water pressure and some of the shower rooms were blocked and out of order. Beds were sturdy but really uncomfortable and additionally there appeared some serious bed bug bites on my skin after staying there so...Staff was ok and did their job but nothing more.
FamulusGyor, Hungary
Art Hostel TaurusBratislava, Slovakia
Pink Panther's HostelKrakow, Poland
Great location but a bit noisy place. Our dorm was next to the common area and the doors weren't soundproof so it was a bit hard to get sleep. It was also damn hot inside too, no air ventilation? Staff was very nice.
Hostel ELFPrague, Czech Republic
Nice hostel and nice staff. Outside area is great for meeting new people and discussions.


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Karolinska Development AB has entered into an agreement with Mayo Clinic to evaluate and identify commercialization opportunities in Mayo's life science innovations to improve patient care. Both companies will be able to further invest in commercially interesting innovations, jointly or independently.
Torbjörn Bjerke, chief executive officer of Karolinska Development, said, "Karolinska Development invests in world-class innovations, currently from the best Nordic institutions. Mayo Clinic is one of the finest medical institutions; it is a globally recognized powerhouse of patient treatment and life sciences innovation, similar to the Karolinska Institutet. Through this agreement, Karolinska Development will not only gain access to an additional continuous flow of new ideas and projects, but we will also be able to showcase our own innovations for an excellent investor in life science."
James Rogers, chair of the Mayo Clinic Venture, said, "We are pleased to announce our collaboration with Karolinska Development to identify, develop, and commercialize the new ideas being generated by Mayo physicians and scientists. Karolinska Development has a demonstrated ability to develop early stage ideas into clinically tested products for the benefit of patient care. We are looking forward to working together on advancing innovative technologies to a commercial and clinical endpoint."


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- 55Promote
Stationery Cards
Domestic Paradeby Natsuki Otani
Set of folded stationery cards printed on bright white, smooth card stock to bring your personal artistic style to everyday correspondence. Each card is blank on the inside and includes a soft white, European fold envelope for mailing.
Beautiful! I must say I'm upset that I missed my chance to suggest something to add in the picture :(
I like the process! what did you do to add the color?
James, Thank you so much! I'm thinking to do something similar for Illustration Rally with everyone, maybe you can join in?
Matt, I just added my pre made ink texture on photoshop, really simple! :)
wow! the process you used is really simple and the result is amazing!
lovely ink work:-)
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Wall wants to be Wizard come draft day
Updated: May 19, 2010, 12:46 PM ETBy Andy Katz | ESPN.com
BEVERLY HILLS, Calif. -- John Wall played cool, calm and collected throughout the first 11 announcements of the NBA lottery order Tuesday night.
Then the ESPN broadcast went to commercial break and he exhaled. Surrounded on agent Dan Fegan's couch by his close circle of friends who are considered family in Brian and Dwon Clifton and Tyrone Williams, Wall started to get a bit fidgety.
All of his anticipation of where he could be playing next season, the buildup for two years ...
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2010 NBA Draft
- Ford's draft grades: Team evaluations
- Ford: Pick-by-pick, Round 1 | Round 2
- Bill Simmons' 2010 NBA draft diary
- Adande: Will draft be lessened by FAs?
- Katz: Five Kentucky players go in Round 1
- Hollinger: Analyzing the draft night deals
- TrueHoop: Watching powerbroker in action
- O'Connor: Wiz deal hurts Knicks' LBJ chase
- Sheridan: Knicks still feel good about LBJ
- Draft debate: Ford, Simmons live mock draft
- Doug Gottlieb's take on draft night
- TrueHoop Draft Reports: Latest draft buzz
- In Wall's words: PG on dad's death, more
- NBA players mock draft | Draftee poll
- Katz: Teams questioning Cousins | Watch
- Wall, Turner, Favors drafted 1-2-3
- Nova's Reynolds first All-America undrafted
- Heat make history by taking Williams
- Roundup: Recap of draft-night deals
- Sources: Bulls swap Hinrich for cap relief
- Bucks get Maggette from Warriors for a pair
- Ford: Nets send Douglas-Roberts to Bucks
- Grizzlies close to picks swap with Wolves
- 2010 NBA Draft Index: Latest draft info
- Draft Machine: You choose the order
- Hollinger's Draft Rater: Most pro potential
- Chad Ford's Top 100 players: Who's No. 1?
- NBA Draft Blog: Scouting reports, more
- Daily Dime TV: Draft recap, analysis
- John Wall becomes first No. 1 UK player
- Sixers take Turner | Favors to Nets
- Affect on free agency | D'Antoni
- Perception vs. Reality: Cousins questions
- Sport Science: Wall's vision, finishing


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Super jazz trio consists of "the best jazz pianist of his generation" (Time Magazine) Cyrus Chestnut, "one of the key sidemen in modern jazz" bassist Buster Williams and "one of the founding fathers of jazz fusion" drummer Lenny White is going to perform at first day of Nisville 2016 - Thursday, August 11th.
33. Internatonal jazz festival in the City of Nis "Nisville 2016" will be held from 11th until 14th August 2016 at the Fortress of Nis. The organizers of the festival announced there will be 100 performances on 10 stages and 600 performers. From 1.february 2016 the actual price for tickets set is aproximatly 16 euro for 25 concerts on Main stages in four days.
This music still glows as brightly as that first hearing...Shakatak aren't just a band, they were the soundtrack to our lives" RONNIE SCOTT'S House Magazine (UK).
Legendary British jazz-funk band Shakatak is going to perform at Nisville 2016 (August 13th). Shakatak have enjoyed a level of success and career longevity rarely paralleled in contemporary music – but then Shakatak is a particularly unusual group.
The young band from Nis Jam Station is going to close this year Nisville (at sunday, august 16th).
Guitarist and singer Nenad Zlatanovic formed Texas Flood in 2004 to play blues rock influenced by Stevie Ray Vaughan, Jimi Hendrix , Gov't Mule and Led Zeppelin. After many personal changes in 2008 they finally became power trio. So far the band has released two albums.
Faze Action, comprising of brothers and musical masterminds Robin and Simon Lee, grew up together in Amersham in England, both building an interest in music early on. Robin started his musical journey teaching himself how to play bass and later studied music at Goldsmiths College. In the meantime, his brother Simon was learning to record and produce his own musical creations back in their hometown.
The NYC based guitarist, vocalist, composer, arranger, and music producer, Vladimir Cetkar was born in Ohrid in Macedonia. His critically acclaimed, original album releases 'Heavenly' and 'We Will Never End', have positioned him as one of the most distinguished names in the jazz-soul-funk genre.
The Youth Philharmony "Naissus", led by mastro Zoran Adric, is going to perform at openinig of the Nisville 2015 (Thursday, Azgust 13th). Among others, they are going to perform symphonic arrangements of famous jazz standards composed by Duke Ellington, Cole Porter, as well as the songs made famous by Louis Armstrong.
Bulgarian Singer Vasil Patrov and Blagoevgrad Big Band is going to perform at Nisville 2015, at friday, August 14th. Most known as 'Bulgarian Frank Sinatra ', Petrov is going to sing in honour of famous singer nicknamed as "The Voice" and "Ol' Blue Eyes" Though young, Vassil Petrov is an established perfomer with a wide prosfessional interests in jazz and pop music.


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Dotsies—A font that uses dots instead of letters. Claims to be optimized for reading. (dotsies.org)
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Here you go everyone, a secret code to write notes to your friends (dotsies.org)
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|Event: Practice Report (Any Species)
|Date of Sighting: 09/18/2012
|Latitude: 43.0804
|Longitude: -73.7509
|Town: Saratoga Springs
|State/Province: NY
|We're in Saratoga springs and we saw a monarch flying past our window. It was 2:30 pm. It was flying south. We knew it was a monarch because there was no line through the hindwing and it was gliding not flapping!
|Name: Jeny R
|Teacher's Name: Jeny R
|City: Saratoga Springs
|School: Saratoga Independent School
|State/Province: NY
|Grade: 4
|Contact the Observer: email this observer
1997-2016 Journey North. All Rights Reserved. Contact Us Search


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Social media is now migrating in full force to the enterprise, with particular importance for contact centers. To find out its perspective on this aspect of business socialization, CMSWire recently talked to customer contact vendor, Aspect Software's Chief Marketing Officer Jim Freeze.
Earlier this month, Aspect announced a partnership with Lithium Technologies, exclusively integrating Lithium's Social Web product with its customer contact software and creating a new Aspect Social offering. Lithium's enterprise social customer platform is designed to assist businesses in using social media to help their customers, and it includes a role-based interface with specific access levels, patented algorithms for scoring social media posts based on such factors as sentiment and follow-up and the ability to follow a conversation thread instead of only posts.
Marketing, Customer Service
In virtually every customer interaction platform, social media is climbing aboard, including those from Salesforce, SAP, Oracle, Kana and others. But a key question businesses are facing is -- where in the organization is social media ending up?
Freeze noted that, in its booming but relatively short life, social media has "often been seen as the province of marketing," which was focused on an increased social presence -- "more likes on Facebook or more Twitter followers."
The problem with marketing's ownership of social media, he said, is that "many customers use social media as a way to find answers to an issue," so there is less of a connection between how marketing is using the tools then how customers are. "Marketing is not the best for customer support," the head of Aspect's marketing effort said. As Lithium Technologies CEO Bob Tarkoff has told news media, "the real power of social media lies in its ability to engage and enlist, not just tally."
From the Aspect Software Web site
Freeze added that, while "many companies would probably agree" with the fact that social media is becoming increasingly important for customer service, "lots of companies are still just using listening tools and are not being very pro-active." They need to move from a "one-way monologue into a social dialogue," he said.
Leveraging Experience
Freeze said that Aspect Social is specifically built for contact centers, while most social media products being used for customer service are not. Aspect's tools, for instance, are action-oriented, designed to capture social interaction and then direct them to the proper person. Actions are routed through automatic categorization that includes subject, language and type, responses are prioritized based on urgency, customer know-how and social status, and forecasting can project and allocate social resources.


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this wiki
Ow... my stomach...
- —Zone
Zone (ゾーン, Zōn?) is a non-player character in Final Fantasy VIII. He is the leader of the Forest Owls, a resistance faction in the Galbadia-governed nation of Timber, with members that include Watts and Rinoa.
His father, along with Watts's father, was publicly executed by the Galbadian government to set an example for other would-be rebels during the Timber War. In vengeance, Zone and Watts took over the Forest Owls in their fathers' stead.
Despite being the group's leader, Zone often lets Rinoa do the talking and take responsibility for the tougher tasks. He also seems to get coincidental "stomach pains" whenever much pressure is laid upon him or he is asked to participate in the more dangerous missions. One notable example of this is when he decides to let Quistis have his train ticket to escape Timber, but when she tries to thank him a bout of these "pains" comes on and he runs away.
Later on in the game, Zone and Watts end up on the White SeeD Ship. When Squall tells Zone of Rinoa's comatose state Zone becomes angry, cursing Squall for not protecting Rinoa then running away.
Shiva CardEdit
On the White SeeD Ship Zone will will give Squall a Shiva card and a Rename Card if he gives him a The Girl Next Door magazine for free. If Squall asks for money he gets gil instead.


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Hello, lover! The treasure I found today after 4years! #happydance
Not the liquid kind but it's damn good enough for me!
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ORLANDO, Fla. � Sam Rockwell�s reliably scruffy, irreverent swagger is much in evidence in his latest film - �The Way Way Back.� It�s a serio-comic coming of age tale which has Rockwell playing Owen, the slacker manager of a water slide park who teaches our young hero, Duncan (Liam James), about girls, love and self-worth.
Rockwell�s performance has critics contorting this way and that to find analogies.
�Rockwell makes Owen his version of �M*A*S*H�s� Hawkeye Pierce,� ventured The New York Daily News. No, Owen�s �a combination of the Chevy Chase and Rodney Dangerfield characters in �Caddyshack,� cool but with an anarchic streak,� declares The New York Post.
But think of Rockwell�s self-described affinity for the work of Bill Murray. Might Owen be his version of Tripper in Murray�s breakout film, 1979�s �Meatballs�?
�Bingo,� Rockwell says. �Yeah, there�s a lot of that guy in him. I was thrilled to play � mentor, lover, slacker, goofball. What a great character, a no-brainer for me to play when they offered me the part.�
Like �Meatballs,� �The Way, Way Back� features a lost kid who befriends an offbeat, rebellious older man for the summer. As in �Meatballs,� the mentor is a would-be ladies man who pines for a colleague (Maya Rudolph) who is more mature and won�t give him the time of day. And as in �Meatballs,� �Way, Way Back� lets the kid learn from both the patter of the mentor, and the mentor�s obvious shortcomings.
�Owen chases Caitlyn (Rudolph) because she�s this grown woman who can kind of set him straight,� Rockwell says. �There�s a maternal thing going on there, a maturity. She�s the one person who can make him give up all his nonsense. The kid, Duncan, is kind of abused � mentally � by his mom�s boyfriend. He needs a male role model, even a goofy one.�
�Way, Way Back� is about a 14-year-old Duncan�s summer at a coastal resort town. Mom (Toni Collette) is dating a creep (Steve Carell) who owns a beach house there. The creep belittles the boy, the adults are all wrapped up in recreating their drunken-cheating adolescence, leaving Duncan to find something to do and someone to mentor him doing it. That�s where Owen and the Water Wizz water park come in. It�s time for Duncan to �come of age.�
�We�re all entitled to a �coming of age� summer,� says Rockwell, 44. Even guys like him, a former child actor, a guy who has �never been to a water park before in my life�?
�Even child actors. I spent my summers in New York with my mom and all her crazy actor friends. I learned a lot about life from that crowd, acting with them, and off stage. Guys like (playwright) John Jiler, Wade McDonald and Tom Edwards took me under their wing, showed me the acting ropes and other stuff, too.�
Rockwell�s formidable screen reputation - in dramas such as �Conviction,� thrillers like �Moon� and dark comedies such as �Seven Psychopaths� or �Choke� � spin out of his smart mouth, his disreputable screen appearance and his sheer unpredictability. A Variety critic noted that only the knowledge that �Way, Way Back� is a comedy keeps the feeling that Owen might be a pervert at bay.
�The magic on film comes from those moments where something feels spontaneous,� Rockwell says. �Hard to do, because you�re working from a script and you�re doing more than one take. You�ve got to throw things in there � a LOT of things in there � to make it seem this moment is happening for the first time, with every take. I do the same thing on stage, trip it up a little.�
And it takes effort to find each character�s off-the-thrift-store-rack appearance.
�Every guy�s wardrobe is key. For instance, Owen has got to look kind of trapped in the past, in the �80s � from his shirts and sunglasses, to his car (a Cavalier convertible).�
Another element of the Rockwell mystique is the films he turns up in. �Cowboys & Aliens� �Iron Man 2� or �Frost / Nixon� seem like exceptions to his rule of thumb � he always find the small film where he can make a bigger impression. He tends to do a lot of ensemble pictures with a small, juicy part for himself in it.
�I particularly like to work with directors who�ve been actors or are still actors. I�ve made a couple of films with Clark Gregg (�Choke,� �Trust Me�). These guys from �Way ,Way Back� (writer-directors Nat Faxon and Jim Rash) are actors. It helps. They have compassion for what you�re doing. They get it, and they give the actors the room to play around a bit, make a part their own.�
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