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Whenever the NAACP, People for the American Way, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and the Public Citizen Litigation Group intervene in a lawsuit, it is safe to assume they believe much is riding on the outcome. And, indeed, much is.
In early October, the Supreme Court will be presented with one of the most important voting rights cases of the last two decades. The case, Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District Number One v. Mukasey, will decide the constitutionality of Section 5 of the recently reauthorized Voting Rights Act. If the plaintiff--a small, residential subdivision of 3,500 people north of Austin, Texas--prevails, racial gerrymandering, among other distortions to our body politic, will be greatly diminished. So it comes as no surprise that these groups--all of them defenders of racial gerrymandering--have joined the fray.
Although the lawsuit is complex, the central issue to be resolved by the justices is whether Section 5, a "temporary" provision of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, can still be applied today to a handful of mostly southern states and jurisdictions, which include the Austin district.
Section 5 forbids all of nine states (mostly the old Confederacy, plus Arizona) and parts of seven others from enacting any change to voting practices or procedures without the consent of either of two entities of the federal government--the attorney general or the District Court for the District of Columbia. Any change--from moving a polling location across the street to an entire congressional redistricting--must be preapproved (or, in the lingo of the statute, "precleared"). The only way a jurisdiction can escape this federal oversight is to exercise the statute's "bailout" provision, which allows a covered jurisdiction whose record of nondiscrimination satisfies the Justice Department to be exempted from the preclearance requirement of Section 5.
This section was set to expire after five years, in 1970, but it was repeatedly reauthorized by Congress, for the third time in 2006. It is now slated to expire in 2032, 62 years later than originally intended.
The preapproval requirement of Section 5 is unique in our nation's legislative history. Neither before nor since has Congress enacted a law like this one, which compels a state or one of its sub-jurisdictions to seek permission from the federal government before one of its own laws or rules can go in effect. Section 5 imposes a guilty-until-pronounced-innocent standard on nearly 25 percent of our nation's population. It is the greatest affront ever to our system of constitutional federalism.
Nevertheless, in the Jim Crow South of the 1960s, the preclearance provision of Section 5 was indispensable. Without this draconian measure, the Voting Rights Act's central mission--ensuring blacks could register and vote--would have gone unmet. After all, for decades, southern officials had successfully engaged in pernicious, never-ending gamesmanship to disenfranchise blacks. In 1965, Congress had volumes of empirical evidence to justify this extraordinary requirement.
But that was then. To our nation's credit, every official Jim Crow-era voting barrier--most important, the literacy test--is gone. As one election law scholar told Congress during the reauthorization hearings, "Bull Connor is dead."
Congress should have allowed preclearance to expire in 2006. Unlike in 1965, no evidence exists today that shows systematic, widespread disenfranchisement of black (or Hispanic) voters in the jurisdictions covered by Section 5. Not only is Bull Connor dead and buried, but by every factor social scientists use to measure electoral opportunity for minority voters--registration rates, election participation, and success of minority candidates, to name a few--minorities actually outpace whites in most Section 5 jurisdictions. A study conducted by the American Enterprise Institute shows that there is no quantifiable difference between minority voting rights in covered and uncovered jurisdictions. In other words, requiring Texas, Arizona, and Virginia to have their local laws preapproved by Washington, but not Arkansas, New Mexico, and Tennessee makes no sense in 2008.
Quite apart from the federalism issue, by the late 1980s, three developments were turning Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act on its head, transforming it into something well beyond the bounds of the original intent into a mechanism for creating safe majority-minority voting districts.
First, the spread of powerful software combining geographic information with census and political data made it possible to see the racial and ethnic makeup of any census block in the country, as well as the voting patterns of each block in dozens of previous elections. This made it possible to create voting districts by stringing together extremely small race-specific geographic units, however tangentially connected. In other words, racial gerrymandering skyrocketed.
The second development was the accelerating growth of suburbs. In Section 5-covered jurisdictions like Houston, Birmingham, Atlanta, Charlotte, and Richmond, blacks (and later Hispanics) were moving out of homogeneous ghettos and barrios and into more multiracial suburban neighborhoods. Hence, creating racially homogenous voting districts now required just the sorts of redistricting contortions that the new software made possible.
Finally, the Supreme Court's jurisprudence concerning the Voting Rights Act and Section 5 evolved away from protecting the rights of individuals and toward promoting the electoral effectiveness--or "fair representation"--of racial and ethnic groups.
In order to comply with Section 5 today, legislative redistricting bodies are methodically harvesting blacks and Hispanics out of multiracial, multiethnic districts in order to create uncompetitive, bizarrely shaped majority-minority districts. This usually fosters the election of far-left, minority Democratic candidates in the gerrymandered districts and far-right, white Republican candidates in the districts denuded of minorities. Because candidates in these safe districts have little need to temper their positions in order to court voters of divergent points of view, the first victim is legislative compromise.
A few months ago, a three-judge panel in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia ruled against the little Texas district in its suit to bail out of Section 5. The district argued--and is arguing again on appeal--that if it is denied bailout, then the preclearance requirement of Section 5 is unconstitutional.
Now the Supreme Court must either affirm the lower court's ruling or take the case up for oral argument. If the case is taken up, as many legal observers expect, the groups that have intervened will assert that striking down Section 5 would turn back the clock on minority voting rights.
They're wrong, of course. If anything, ending racial gerrymandering and the "political apartheid" it engenders would strengthen, not weaken, the voice minorities have in our electoral system. Even Justices Stevens and Souter in a case decided earlier this year expressed skepticism about Section 5, noting, "It may well be true that today the statute is maintaining strict federal controls that are not as necessary or appropriate as they once were."
Let's hope a majority of the justices see it that way.
Edward Blum is a visiting fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the director of the Project on Fair Representation, which is supporting the plaintiff in Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District Number One v. Mukasey.


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Welcome to Crane's Outdoor Power Equipment
Crane's Outdoor Power Equipment is your tri-state region's leader in outdoor power equipment sales, service, and overall support. We have been a family owned business for over 50 years striving to give you the customer the best products and the best service at the best prices, giving the best value to you. Customer service is our #1 priority and we have committed ourselves to provide everyone with 100% satisfaction with your experiences with us. Crane & Son Inc. has earned a reputation by delivering our customers high quality mowers for many years!
Whether it be lawnmowers, trimmers, chainsaws, trailers, snowplows, truck accessories we have something for everyone. We carry everything from push mowers, to homeowner riding tractors and zero-turns, to the best quality Scag commercial mowers giving you a perfect fit for your needs. We have the highest trained technicians and the largest parts selection with the most modern facility in New England to take care of our customers. We are always open to suggestions of how we can make ourselves serve you better so if you don't see something you'd like, feel free to ask us for it. And remember, at Cranes OPE we are all friends. You are always more than just a customer to us.
Crane & Son, Inc has grown from a specialty shop to one of the largest multi-line dealers in the area. Crane & Sons, Inc prides itself on its customer service - we know how important it is to be taken care of and to have someone you can trust. Our Parts department is staffed by experienced professionals that want to make sure you get the right part at the right time and at a fair price. Not only can our team answer your questions intelligently, they'll help you find the parts you need.
SCAG Zero-Turn mowers allow you to mow with such precision; they nearly eliminate the need to trim. Zero-Turns pivot 180° without leaving a circle of uncut grass eliminating unnecessary maneuvers saving you time and fuel. Similarly front mount mowers give you some of the same maneuverability and allow you to mow in tighter spaces while still covering a lot of ground.


text: Tavor SAR-IDF Listed in category: Guns > Rifles > Tactical Rifles Misc. /UserImages/147858/943026211 5427769.jpg Item Details Condition: NIB Item #: 943026211 Caliber: 5.56x45 mm NATO Location: AZ SKU: Have one to sell? Sell Now! Sell it yourself, Ship it yourself, or use a GA DropOff Location! Auction Details This auction has expired. Time Left: Ended Ends on: 8/19/2013 2:54:41 AM EST Starting Price: $2,800.00 Minimum Bid: $2,800.00 Current High Bid: $0.00 (reserve has been met) Login/Register to Buy Buy It Now: $3,300.00 clicking here confirms your purchase Shipping: $50.00 Payment Methods: Return Policy: No Returns Seller Details (More items from GuardianWeaponSystems) Name: GuardianWeaponSystems Seller Since: Sep. 2012 User Level: Basic FFL Dealer: FFL Dealer Positive feedback: 100% View Seller Security Verification (What's this?) This seller has completed 22 transactions Address has been verified and will be sent on request at completion of transaction Description Shipping and Payment Additional Information Super hard to find TAVOR SAR-IDF 16" assault rifle. Barrel Stamped "Made In Israel". 5.56 NATO / .223 cal. Includes Mepro21 Optic, one 30 rnd mag, cleaning / care kit. NO SALE TO: • CA • NY • NJ • MA • MD • CT USPS money order must be received within 7 days. USPS priority mail shipping to your dealer of choice is a flat rate of $50 Trades Accepted: No


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iHerb 顾客评论
Rose Hips Tea
Reviewer2162129发表于 Feb 14, 2009
Very enjoyable to drink, especially before bedtime.
Great fruity taste
Sprinkles发表于 Oct 04, 2009
Rosehips have a huge amount of vitamin C and flavonoids and are purported to be extremely healthy. This brand is a very intense-colored tea that tastes just delicious. Very fruity. A nice treat, and healthy, too!
love it
Reviewer1173696发表于 Jan 20, 2010
will buy 10 more! you can eat it after you drink the tea.
Reviewer3066063发表于 May 04, 2010
good taste and cost effective.
joint aches
Reviewer2775442发表于 Jul 03, 2010
joint doesnot ache any more used for 3 weeks and continue to drink the tea daily.


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A ventriloquist is murdered and his dummy disappears.
The wife of a famous trumpeter claims he plans to kill her.
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I'll Have Another jockey Mario Gutierrez speaks with 11 NewsUPDATED 10:03 PM EDT May 19, 2012
"It feels amazing. I'm just happy. I have a lot of emotions right now," I'll Have Another's jockey, Mario Gutierrez, told 11 News. "It's just amazing, it's indescribable, it's unbelievable."
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CommentsThe views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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* Better battery life for music playback: avg 22 hours vs 6 hours.
* Larger screen for multimedia display and is easier to use without a stylus.
* Agreement with Starbucks for music access. (US only; widely available in March 2008.)
* Greater storage capacity: 8GB/16GB vs 256MB avg.
iPod Touch Cons:
* Not open for general software development, so games will be few and far between. WindowsMobile and Palm have a wide selection to choose from.
* Does not support WMA files, which is the current online music store standard. Reduces your options to primarily ripping from CD or purchasing from Apple's own iTunes store.
One other point to note: PDAs have a fraction of the storage, but unlike the iPod Touch they accept SD and/or CF memory cards. Buying a couple memory cards evens out the storage capacity and the overall price.
Hope this helps,


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Reviews and ratings of local lawyers.
Post a review of your attorney.
Learn when to hire and how to choose the right attorney.
Browse articles and Q&A on different legal topics.
For $39 talk directly to a top-reviewed lawyer on the phone using Avvo Advisor. Get your questions answered in a 15-minute call. Advisor is also available as a mobile app.
Post a question and get free legal advice from attorneys.
See what others are asking about in the free Q&A forum.
5.0 stars 1 review
Avvo Rating: 10.0
Licensed since 1981
Sean earned a combined JD/MBA from USC Law and Business Schools in 1981. Since 1985, he has specialized in representing plaintiffs in catastrophic personal injury, medical malpractice, and product liability cases. He has obtained over $60 million ...
Practice areas & skills: Medical Malpractice, Nursing Home Abuse and Neglect, Birth Injury, Car Accidents
Licensed since 1998
With nearly two decades of experience in the areas of business, corporate, securities, personal injury, and general civil litigation, Rod is widely regarded as one of Southern California's most respected attorneys. He has been a Partner a...
Practice areas & skills: Litigation, Employment & Labor, Personal Injury, Motorcycle Accident, Business
5.0 stars 30 reviews
Licensed since 2008
Corey Parker graduated with honors from Seattle University School of Law where he served as the President of the Student Bar Association and received the highest grade in the class in Sentencing and Plea Bargaining and Pretrial Advocacy.
During ...
Practice areas & skills: Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, White Collar Crime
5.0 stars 10 reviews
Licensed since 1999
Review: "My son died unexpectedly without a will or a trust. I entered the Law Offices of Bradley S. Erdosi with great trepidation of the probate process and lots of questions. After an hour I had an outline of the probate process and what was expected of ..."
Practice areas & skills: Trusts, Estate Planning, Probate, Elder Law
5.0 stars 2 reviews
Licensed since 2010
Review: "Sam recently negotiated a settlement from my previous employer for wrongful termination. Sam is not only skilled in his profession, but also a good human being that listens and communicates with his clients. I highly recommend Sam. "
Practice areas & skills: Sexual Harassment, Employment & Labor, Wrongful Termination, Discrimination
5.0 stars 39 reviews
Licensed since 2005
I was born and raised in southern California. I graduated from Brigham Young University (B.A., History, 2000) and Western State University College of Law (J.D., 2004, Scholarly Merit). All through law school, I worked as a law clerk for my father...
Practice areas & skills: Family, Divorce & Separation, Child Custody, Child Support, Domestic Violence
5.0 stars 7 reviews
Avvo Rating: 9.9
Licensed since 1995
I have been practicing criminal law at Wallin & Klarich since 1995 and have handled all types of matters. I represent clients in all Southern California Counties. I have had success against government prosecutors at the County, State and Federal l...
Practice areas & skills: Federal Crime, Violent Crime, Criminal Defense
4.5 stars 47 reviews
Licensed since 2004
Aggressive Advocacy. Outstanding Results. Excellent Customer Service.
Practice areas & skills: Family, Child Custody, Divorce & Separation
5.0 stars 23 reviews
Licensed since 2003
Firearms & Dangerous Weapons LawsJason Davis began working in the California firearms industry as a teen when he began work at his father's handgun manufacturing business, Davis Industries, Inc. With four of his family's businesses consistently li...
Practice areas & skills: Administrative Law, Criminal Defense, Civil Rights
5.0 stars 4 reviews
Licensed since 2006
Review: "I had such a wonderful experience with Sanaz. She kept me updated regularly with phonecalls and emails and answered all of my questions withoiut making me feel rushed. She is so incredibly knowledgable and helped me to get the results that I wan..."
Practice areas & skills: Alimony, Child Custody, Child Support, Divorce & Separation, Family


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Average rating from 15 reviews.
Similar Products:
Average rating from 6 reviews.
Average rating from 2 reviews.
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Dogs love them
posted 7 years ago
these are wonderful treats made froma single protein. acc to the company the meat and fish we use for Whole Life Treats are raised or wild caught in the United States, with the exception of our venison which is from New Zealand, which is great.
My dogs are on a raw food diet and these treats are ideal for them.
I like this product as its free from chemicals, additives and preservatives. the size is perfect for use as a training reward.
all said...its a must buy!
Pros: single ingredient treat!
Cons: none
0 of 0 people found this review helpful.
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Strange, but they actually like it!
posted 7 years ago
I have to say when we first say this product at the pet store everyone said "eww". But one of my friends said that cats love it, so we bought it anyway. Once we got home i almost second guessed weather or not to make him suffer with this food, but finally decided "why not try it?". And once we set it on a plate he smelled it and digged in! He really was enjoying it! and once he was done he just wanted more and more.
I do recamend it to people, I'm very fawnd of it!
Pros: Cats love it
Cons: Will want more
0 of 0 people found this review helpful.
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Great liver treats
posted 6 years ago
If I could get the same price per ounce of this brand versus another one I routinely buy I would choose Whole Life's brand of freeze dried liver. I prefer it because the pieces are softer than the other brand that I buy, so I can use it as a high value treat in picky dogs and can break it into smaller pieces easily.
Pros: softer than competing brands, so can be broken into smaller pieces
Cons: price (hey, it's freeze dried liver)
0 of 0 people found this review helpful.
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Nice size treats
posted 7 years ago
we love these liver treats. the dogs r crazy for them. we love it because its a single ingre. treat and the size is great for training and as treats.
Pros: no added ingredients
Cons: none
0 of 0 people found this review helpful.
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Want to review a product, but not finding it? Just add it and review it!
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Tapeworm Tablets
June 8, 2015 | By Lynn
I've used this product on rescued dogs for years. My last large dog rescued had been an outdoor dog her entire life, living among Lamas where she picked up tapeworms. This product expelled several 2 … more ›
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July 14, 2013 | By Xiaoxiao111
Pink is my favorite color these are wonderful.I will recommend a good website fou you: www.9footballshirt.org


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The second part of the project is to provide solutions/answers to 22 C++ problems. The questions are about ADT, flexible array, hash table, ragged array, recursion, binary search tree, advanced trees.
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Mark Romero creates healing music that has been scientifically studies and shown to positively influence the body and mind, and counteract negative influences in the environment such as EMFs and negative beliefs. Here are some Mark Romero Music Free Downloads and resources. There were more but a few expired. Will post new ones as they come up.
Bonus MP3 download page (VIP MP3 download page)
Blog Page (many posts include recordings)
Mark Romero is now offering some freebies related to Ultimate Prosperity and his Environmental music.
If there are any problems with the links please let me know and I'll try and sort it out.
Sleep Better Now! Here is a special page Mark Romero has set up for his Sleep Program


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I'm delighted to see that Infragistics have just released their NetAdvantage control set for WPF. It's a huge download: over 100MB, so either the controls are very big, the documentation is extremely verbose, or there are lots of samples included! This control set nicely fills the gaps in the capabilities currently provided by WPF, including a data grid, charting controls and an Office ribbon implementation that looks pixel-perfect to me.
Complex controls like an Office ribbon clearly benefit hugely from XAML. The ability to declaratively create nested collections really makes what would otherwise be a painstaking and error-prone task really easy. In the case of Infragistics' ribbon, you just declare a XamRibbon element that contains a RibbonTabItem that contains a ButtonGroup that contains the constituent buttons. It's almost self-documenting, because it so closely parallels the actual visual structure of the ribbon. Adjusting the visual theme of the ribbon is as easy as any other WPF project - just merge in a new resource dictionary containing the changes you want to make. We've recently released a ribbon ourselves as part of an MFC feature pack for C++ developers, but the difference in complexity ably demonstrates why WPF is such a powerful platform for building heavy-duty UI.
In the interest of fairness, I should also highlight some of the other great controls out there: Xceed have a great (free) data grid, ComponentOne also have a data grid and chart control, along with a bunch of calendaring components, DevComponents also have a very impressive Office ribbon and a Visual Studio-esque docking control, IdentityMine have a 3D carousel as part of their Blendables toolkit, and Actipro have yet another Office ribbon along with a wizard control.
Shamelessly stolen from the Infragistics product manager's blog, here's a screenshot that shows off the kind of application you can build very quickly with this control set:
PingBack from http://msdnrss.thecoderblogs.com/2008/01/30/great-line-of-business-controls-for-wpf/
In a great blog listing   today, Tim Sneath discusses Infragistics just released NetAdvantage control
Hi Tim,
Good to see the WPF control market beginning to take off, and that people are beginning to recognise that WPF is a viable platform for real line of business apps, not just sparkleware. I've written about the value of WPF for line of business apps http://hestia.typepad.com/flatlander/2007/08/should-i-use-wp.html and I think the lack of controls is probably the main thing that has been holding it back.
Since you're listing products, I thought you might also like to know that there is also now a Property Grid control for WPF. (Disclosure: I work for the company that created this product.) Details at www.wpfpropertygrid.com if you're interested.
One more company in the list,
Don't forget about the Divelements SandRibbon for WPF (http://divelements.co.uk/net/controls/sandribbonwpf/).
This control package is for anybody who have been wondering if WPF is ready for the enterprise. WPF has
It's great to see the big players getting into the WPF market and beginning to offer a significant number of controls. Apart from the learning curve, the lack of controls is one of the biggest barriers to WPF adoption, in my opinion. I for one am looking for a tab-based MDI control, like the one in Infragistic's WinForms suite, that facilitates menu merging for a couple of applications that I work on.
If you want MDI, tabbed documents and dockable windows in WPF you can look no further than the URL below.
If you live in New York, Atlanta, San Antonio, or San Francisco, that is.  That's because today


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Mark 5:28New International Version (NIV)
28 because she thought, "If I just touch his clothes, I will be healed."
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Emerging SOA standards
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August 22, 2014
Open Group's Open Platform 3.0 takes hold of disruptive technologies
At an Open Group event, an expert discussed how big data, mobile technologies, the cloud and IoT have transformed the way businesses operate.
October 25, 2012
Gartner sees cloud computing, mobile development putting IT on edge
Gartner says cloud computing, mobile devices and other forces mean changes in skills needed for application development.
August 02, 2012
New Oracle Java modularity method, or trying to do this Jigsaw puzzle
Recent machinations around Jigsaw will make it new and more modular, its advocates say. But the fact is, it's not ready for prime time just yet.
June 06, 2012
Microsoft, others put OData Web protocol up for OASIS standardization
The OData protocol, associated with JSON and REST efforts, started with Microsoft but may be expanded by the OASIS standards group.
Emerging SOA standards Get Started
Bring yourself up to speed with our introductory content
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) offers unreliable transmission of datagrams over a network that uses the Internet Protocol (IP). Continue Reading
The enterprise IoT wave rolls in: How to prepare
The possibilities for IoT might be boundless. Find out areas where architects can prepare for and take advantage of an increasingly connected world. Continue Reading
HTML 5 is a revision of the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the standard programming language for describing the contents and appearance of Web pages. Continue Reading
Evaluate Emerging SOA standards Vendors & Products
Weigh the pros and cons of technologies, products and projects you are considering.
How does application container technology affect CI efforts?
Containers are certainly the new app development craze, but does this new technology help or hinder efforts around continuous integration? Chris Riley examines. Continue Reading
Should I support Android in the Enterprise?
Is it worth an organization's time to support the use of Android in the enterprise? The answer is yes, and contributor Matthew David explains why. Continue Reading
Have service-oriented architecture principles been tainted by the name?
The principles of service-oriented architecture are so mainstream that this expert suggests that SOA could simply be called 'architecture.' Continue Reading
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Do BRM standards really matter?
Learn about new standards for implementing decision management and why it can impact purchasing BRM standards products. Continue Reading
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Solution architecture becomes part of software development efforts
Over the years, the enterprise architect has joined the pantheon of software team titles. Now it is time to include the solution architect. Continue Reading
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Solutions architecture has gained a reputation for being difficult to define. Even so, best practices unique to solutions architecture have emerged. Continue Reading
Look to Open Virtualization Format for managing cloud computing workloads
Standards for cloud computing are slowly evolving. Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is one such standard that software architects may tap into. Continue Reading


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First look at deleted scene from Christopher Guest's comedy featuring Chris O'Dowd. The HBO series is set to debut on DVD on October 29.
Chris O'Dowd and Jim Piddock star in a previously unreleased scene from HBO's Christopher Guest comedy, available on the first-season DVD set. Read More
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Views: 40
I own a salon & beauty school and I find that people are scared to make a change in stylists because they do not know what result they will get. A lady said to me yesterday, she wants a change, but she is scared. I think this can really cause a problem when trying to close the sale so to speak. How do you convince this type of person that you pretty much know your stuff and to trust your judgement???
Thanks in advance.
I agree with Kirk...I'm such an opportunist, I always see more and more things I can do...to the point of overwhelming a potential client. There are so many resources and opportunities I can show to people that I have to really reign in just throwing it all at them at once. I need to work on the give and take--stepping back some and letting them ask instead of dumping it all. I need to take the moments to truly listen with intent on what they are saying!
Hi Pierce,
There are 4 steps in overcoming the obstacle in CLOSING.
1. Qualification
2. Rapport
3. Education
4. Natural CLOSE.
This is the system I use to check myself throughout the sales process. If I havent qualified them for a product or service, then I am talking the the wrong person. If they just dont have the money or time, I give them resources to help.
If I dont build trust during the rapport stage, then Why would someone want to do business? I then give them the benefits with working with me and educate on my process of service. THEN and only then am I allowed to close. If you skip a step you will know it when YOU ASK FOR THE ORDER. If you missed a step then go back. Mother may I? Yes you may!
I agree, but my problem is that I THINK I am answering their questions, but perhaps not confidently as I wonder am I or am I giving benefits from my standpoint. Hard to discern sometimes.
© 2016 Created by Jon Dale. Powered by


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Reviewed by GREG KING Director: Aaron Schneider Stars: Robert Duvall, Bill Murray, Lukas Black, Sissy Spacek, Bill Cobbs. This modest and slyly comic film is based on the true story of a man who staged his own funeral party while he was alive to witness it. The setting is depression era Tennessee. Felix Burns (Robert Duvall) is a hermit, who for the past forty years has lived as a recluse on his own expansive property on the outskirts of a small town. Because he has rarely ventured into town, a number of rumours and apocryphal stories have circulated about Continue reading
Reviewed by GREG KING Director: Danny Boyle Stars: James Franco, Amber Tamblyn, Kate Mara. Danny Boyle's first film since the Oscar winning Slumdog Millionaire marks something of a change of direction for the dynamic British director who first burst onto the scene in 1994 with Shallow Grave. 127 Hours tells the true story of Aron Ralston, the maverick weekend adventurer who, in 2003, found himself trapped in a canyon by a boulder and was forced to amputate his own arm with a rusty knife in order to free himself. Ralston set off to explore Utah's remote Continue reading
Reviewed by GREG KING Director: John Cameron Mitchell Stars: Nicole Kidman, Aaron Eckhart, Miles Teller, Dianne Weist. Nicole Kidman has long been considered box office poison, given the disappointing performance of some of her recent film choices (Bewitched, The Golden Compass, The Invasion, etc). Her new film Rabbit Hole is unlikely to change this perception, as it is a down beat film that is difficult to market. However, it will restore her reputation as a credible dramatic actress. Rabbit Hole is based on David Lindsay-Abaire's Pulitzer and Tony Award Continue reading
Reviewed by GREG KING Director: James L Brooks Stars: Paul Rudd, Owen Wilson, Reese Witherspoon, Jack Nicholson. How Do You Know is the latest romantic comedy from writer/director James L Brooks who has made some sparkling, witty comedies in the past, both for the big screen and small screen. However this tired effort lacks the snappy dialogue and penetrating insights of his best work (Broadcast News, etc). This is an average comedy about a romantic triangle that explores some key questions. How do you know when you're in love? And how do you know which man is Continue reading
Reviewed by GREG KING Documentary Director: Ariel Schulman. This low budget, fly on the wall documentary is the antithesis of David Fincher's award winning drama The Social Network, which chronicled the origins of social networking site Facebook. This fascinating and thought provoking cinema verite-style documentary looks at the consequences and pitfalls of the explosion in social networking sites and the whole cyber communication phenomenon where technology has replaced face to face communication for this generation. This is also a cautionary tale that points Continue reading


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George Perkovich testifies to the House Foreign Affairs Committee on Civil Nuclear Cooperation with Pakistan.
James Acton testifies to House Committee on Foreign Affairs on Conventional Prompt Global Strike weapons.
The IAEA will meet on whether Iran has come clean about trying to build nuclear weapons—and whether the nuclear deal will move forward.
The Iran deal will be implemented by all the parties because they have more to gain than to lose in doing so.
Japan has pledged not to produce more plutonium than it can consume. Serious questions are emerging, however, about whether it can uphold this commitment.
Pakistan can choose to accept success in achieving a "strategic" deterrent against India, or it can choose to continue to compete with India in the pursuit of "full spectrum" deterrence, write Michael Krepon and Toby Dalton in a new report.
George Perkovich, Mark Hibbs, James Acton, and Toby Dalton analyze the Iran nuclear deal.
Prominent experts discuss arms control, nuclear regulation, the India deal, Iran, morality, and much more.
Enter your email address in the field below to receive the latest Proliferation News in your inbox!
You are leaving the website for the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy and entering a website for another of Carnegie's global centers.


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Tech 21 D3O T-Mobile HUAWEI MyTouch Q Gel Skin Protective Cover Case Skin Shell D30 Ultimate impact Protection - BLACK
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This gel skin is like a high-tech force field for your phone. Its made with D3O-a revolutionary substance that provides extreme impact protection. D3Os intelligent molecules flow freely, then instantly lock together upon impact to absorb shock and disperse energy. How do you know its D3O? Look for the orange stripe inside!
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Stormy Weather; When the Sun's Fury Maxes out, Earth May Take a Hit
Cowen, Ron, Science News
Part one in a two-part series on the Earth-sun connection.
On July 14, 1789, an angry crowd stormed the infamous Bastille prison. This act of defiance ignited a revolution that turned the streets of Paris crimson, as mobs carried aloft the guillotined heads of aristocrats.
This past July 14 also marked a time of horrific violence, but on a much larger scale.
At 5:03 a.m. eastern time, a region on the sun large enough to swallow Earth suddenly became 10 times brighter, firing a torrent of high-energy radiation into space. Then, the sun, s outer atmosphere belched a billion-ton cloud of magnetized, charged particles. Traveling more than 6 million kilometers an hour, the magnetic cloud headed straight for Earth.
Twenty-five hours later, the cloud hurtled past the Solar and Heliospheric: Observatory (SOHO), a European Space Agency-NASA satellite that continuously monitors the sun. One of the craft's solar panels--its power source--suffered in seconds as much damage as it normally accrues in a year's exposure to the harsh environment of space. Another craft, NASA's flagship X-ray observatory, Chandra, was forced into hibernation.
The cloud also temporarily knocked out the sun sensor on a satellite that measures the solar wind, the breeze of charged particles that blows out from the sun. Operating blind, the craft didn't know where to point for several days.
ASCA, a Japanese X-ray satellite, was even less lucky. Accelerated by the cloud, charged particles fried the craft's flight computer, spinning ASCA out of control. The craft never regained power. Reduced to a frozen piece of space junk, ASCA will later this year crash into Earth's atmosphere.
About 26 hours after it shot out from the sun, the cloud reached Earth. Ramming into the magnetosphere, the invisible magnetic shield that surrounds our planet, the storm revved up charged particles and dumped the equivalent of 1,500 gigawatts of power into the atmosphere. That's four times the power generated by the U.S. power grid. The disturbance severely damaged two large power transformers and disturbed electric power systems, shutting down voltage-regulating devices all along the East Coast.
Scientists forecast storms as severe, or even worse, over the next 2 years.
Welcome to solar maximum.
Like Earth's magnetic field, the magnetic field of the sun has a north pole and a south pole. But every 11 years, those poles reverse direction--with great commotion. The peak of that activity is called the solar maximum, which scientists determine by counting the dark blotches on the sun, where bundles of magnetic field lines concentrate. The number of these sunspots appears to have peaked last summer, more than 6 months later than researchers had predicted. The peak, however, is a broad one, and the solar maximum is expected to last for another 18 months.
Until the Bastille Day event, this solar maximum--the 23rd on record--seemed relatively puny. Even now, after solar storms pummeled Earth twice last November, it isn't likely to stand out as one of the strongest, says forecaster Ernest Hildner, director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Space Environment Center in Boulder, Colo. But in two other respects, he notes, this solar cycle is like no other.
With 2,000 communications satellites launched since the last solar maximum, astronauts taking longer trips in space, and a society ever more dependent on computers, cell phones, automated banking systems, and other electronic equipment, Earth has never been as vulnerable to the havoc that an electric disturbance from the sun can wreak.
In May 1998, for instance, a communications satellite called Galaxy IV abruptly failed. Although the cause of the failure is not known definitively, it occurred just after an unusually intense period of solar activity. When the satellite went belly-up, 45 million pagers suddenly went dead. …


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Everex StepNote XT5000T Laptop Computer
Do it all with an Everex® StepNote®. With the genuine Windows Vista Home Premium operating system, AMD Turion 64 X2 Dual-Core Mobile Technology TL-50 processor and NVIDIA® GeForce® Go 7600 graphics with 256MB of dedicated video memory, the new Everex StepNote XT5000T Laptop Computer becomes the biggest, fastest StepNote ever built. Watch and create your own CDs and DVDs on a massive 17" DiamondBrite widescreen display, play all the latest 3D games, send email, instant message friends and family or surf the Internet with either the built-in 56k modem, broadband-ready 10/100/1000 Ethernet port or wireless 802.11b/g.
Pre-installed with the genuine Windows Vista Home Premium operating system, the Everex StepNote XT5000T Laptop Computer also makes it easier and more enjoyable to do just about anything on your PC. See the difference with a spectacular new look, instant search, built-in Windows® Media Center, and automated PC security features. Create beautiful family albums and home videos, listen to your favorite music, connect with the people you care about or enjoy a new world of games on your Everex StepNote XT5000T Laptop Computer.
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1996 Acura Integra Repair and Maintenance
A guide to problems, costs, maintenance and repair for your 1996 Acura Integra
Verified by mechanics, reported by drivers like you
Ask a mechanic in our community
Never overpay. Check prices with our estimator
Trusted by our experts, tested by your neighbors
Related Content
1996 Acura Integra Problems
The main relay, which supplies power to the fuel pump, can fail. The engine will crank but fail to start (or start intermittently).
A loud squealing noise on high mileage cars can be confused with a loose fan belt. The distributor should be inspected because it can seize, which can cause the timing belt to slip resulting in serious engine damage.
The car may not start or drive well because of problems with the ignition coil. This can be resolved by replacing the ignition coil.
1996 Acura Integra Questions
Unable to restart; new battery one month old.
Ok I've been told that I would have take off all the suspension and short shaft to get it out I was looking at it and it looks like if I take off sway bar and disconnect the exhaust I could pull it right out can I
1996 Acura Integra Reviews
i have a 1996 acura integra that runs great when it's warm outside but as soon as the temperature outside drops my car will not start! It turns over and turns over but will not start unless it's pushed started and at that it takes 3 or 4 times of dropping the clutch for it to start up and then it runs really rough til it gets up to temperature. I have changed spark plugs, battery, cap and rotor...
I bought this car used with 194k on body and130k on engine. Fun to drive and fairly reliable.Only wish it was a type R 5 speed.


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Seven more of your Earth-days have passed, which means it's time for another No BS Podcast . This time, the gang talks about Intel's 6-core Gulftown processor, Steam for Macs, and Ubi's new DRM. The Star Destroyer vs Enterprise font springs eternal, as we take a number of your calls about this pressing issue. Finally, Gordon tells us all what he thinks about the new A-Team, and why it's not alright to say "brah."
Do you have a tech question? A comment? A tale of technological triumph? Just need to get something off your chest? A secret to share? Email us at email@example.com or call our 24-hour No BS Podcast hotline at 877.404.1337 x1337 --operators are standing by.
Subscribe: http://feeds.feedburner.com/maximumpc/1337


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We are back with Community TechDays starting January 23rd and it will be a month long tour across Jaipur, Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Kochi, Siliguri, Kolkatta, Pune, Chennai, Bangalore and Mysore. Community TechDays is fast becoming our branded community event targetted at Developers and IT Professionals with sessions on latest technologies / products that we keep releasing.
The good thing about CTD is that its free for everyone to attend and also is over weekends so that people don't have to take time out from their regular work.
Last time when we delivered CTD people had great feedback for the sessions and we also did a Live Streaming of the event in certain locations which had rave views from those who couldn't attend in person but were able to watch it online.
We highly recommend you to visit www.communitytechdays.com and have a lot at the agenda as well as select your city (or the closest city) and register for the event ASAP.
Registration is on a first-come-first-serve basis and already we have had great registrations across all cities.
So, now is the time to upgrade your skills and what better than registering for CTD and attending the same.
Cheers !!


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 31, 2001
|Filing date
|Jan 20, 1999
|Priority date
|Jun 25, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Peter S. C. Cheng
|Original Assignee
|Peter S. C. Cheng
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (44), Classifications (22), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/882,585, filed Jun. 25, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,041,519.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to shoes, especially athletic shoes, in general, and more particularly, to structures for circulating air and absorbing shocks encountered when wearing such footwear.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are already known various constructions of shoes, among them athletes' footwear and their not-too-distant relatives, the ever-popular "sneakers". While even "fully enclosing" shoes or boots, that is those having natural or artificial material uppers, perform to satisfaction as far as air access to various parts of the foot of the wearer is concerned when such footwear is used for normal day-to-day activities, there are circumstances, such as when footwear such as the aforementioned sneakers is used in more strenuous activities or, for all intents and purposes, at all times when athletic footwear is being used in sports and similar activities, when the air circulation especially in the toe region of the shoe is simply inadequate to properly deal with the problem of accumulating moisture (sweat) at the affected region.
Attempts have been made to address this issue, be it by arranging "breathing" (i.e., permeable fabric) inserts at, or by providing perforations in, the zones of the shoe uppers adjacent such regions. Yet, experience has shown that, while these measures may not be absolutely worthless, their effectiveness and efficacy leave much to be desired. This is primarily so because, as has been realized during the contemplation of the present invention, there is not much to compel air to actually flow through such permeable fabric inserts or perforations in and out of the toe region. Of course, the situation is somewhat different as far as the instep area of the foot arch region is concerned, especially since the curvature of the foot arch changes as the foot moves even while walking, so that such inserts or perforations can frequently be found in sneakers and athletic footwear at such areas of the shoe uppers. This, however, does not do anything for ventilation of the toe region of the wearer's foot where the problem of moisture accumulation is perhaps most acute.
Nor are fabric inserts very useful in absorbing shocks or forces encountered by the feet during wearing the footwear. There are already known various shoe inserts, including air-filled tubes or resilient cushions, that tend to absorb or mitigate at least part of the shock force. However, experience has shown that the air-filled tubes do not provide sufficient give, and that the cushions provide too much give, so that their usefulness is not altogether satisfactory.
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art.
More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an air circulation and shock absorption structure for a shoe that does not possess the drawbacks of the known structures of this type.
Still another object of the present invention is to devise a shoe ventilation structure of the type here under consideration which would render it possible to move air in and out of the toe region of the interior of the shoe in question while the latter is being worn by a user.
It is yet another object of the present invention to design the above ventilating structure in such a manner as to actually pump air into and/or out of the affected region.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an effective shock absorbing structure for a shoe.
A concomitant object of the present invention is so to construct the ventilating structure of the above type as to be relatively simple in construction, inexpensive to manufacture, easy to use, and yet reliable in operation.
In keeping with the above objects and others which will become apparent hereafter, one feature of the present invention resides in a structure for ventilating a toe region of a shoe. This structure includes a body that is substantially coextensive with an inwardly facing surface of a sole of the respective shoe and having a toe zone, a heel zone, a ball zone, an arch zone between the ball and heel zones, and respective lateral zones.
In accordance with the present invention, the heel zone of the body includes two major walls arranged in mutually facing relationship, and circumferential walls interconnecting the major walls and bounding an enclosed pumping chamber with them. At least one of these major walls is flexible to be able to yield into and out of the chamber in response to a rise and fall in the magnitude of external forces acting thereon with attendant increase and decrease in the pressure of air contained in the pumping chamber. In further accord with the present invention, there is further provided conduit means in the body for establishing air flow paths between the toe region and one of the lateral zones of the body, this conduit means including an elongated estuary section opening at least onto a lateral surface of the one lateral zone.
To finalize this overall description of the present invention, it is to be mentioned that there is further provided means for injecting air from the pumping chamber, when the pressure in the latter exceeds the ambient pressure, substantially axially and in a direction toward the lateral surface, into the estuary section for entraining the previously stationary air present in the estuary section for joint travel therewith and hence for drawing replenishment air out of the toe region of the shoe into and through the conduit means. A particular advantage of the arrangement of the present invention as described so far is the flow amplification effect obtained by injecting the usually high-speed and hence high-energy jet of air from into the estuary section where it dramatically increases the volume of air being drawn through the conduit means and hence out of the toe region of the shoe.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the ventilating structure further includes a resilient element arranged substantially coextensively in the pumping chamber and having a multitude of voids. This resilient element is operative for urging the two major walls away from one another against the action of the external forces thereon but, because of the presence of the voids in it, still leaves enough space of the pumping chamber empty for the effective and efficient performance of the pumping action.
Advantageously, the resilient element includes a plurality of substantially dome-shaped hollow protuberances bounding respective first and second voids within and outside of them, respectively, and connecting portions that interconnect the protuberances. It is further advantageous in this context when there is further provided means for bounding respective connecting channels in the connecting portions and in respective adjacent regions of the protuberances for such connecting channels to establish communication between the first voids so that the pressure in such first voids rises and falls substantially in unison. The protuberances are arranged in staggered rows and, as a group, collectively perform a shock-absorbing function.
Another advantageous feature of the present invention is to be found in the fact that the injecting means includes a tube embedded in the body and bounding an internal passage opening into the pumping chamber on one end and into the estuary section on the other.
A further advantageous facet of the present invention involves the provision of additional conduit means connecting the toe region of the shoe with the pumping chamber. In this connection, it is also advantageous to associate one-way flow-control means with the additional conduit means in such a manner that it permits air to flow through the additional conduit means in a direction from the toe region of the shoe to the pumping chamber but not in the opposite direction. A particularly advantageous construction of such flow control means is obtained when it includes a flexible flap valve arranged at that end portion of the additional conduit means that opens onto a seat surface located in the pumping chamber and cooperating with the seat surface to control the flow through the additional conduit means in dependence on the sense of an air pressure differential between the pumping chamber and the second conduit means.
Yet another feature of the present invention resides in routing the air flow paths of the conduit means around peripheral marginal edge regions of the structure, leaving the ball zone available to receive a corrugated element between the major walls. The corrugated element is sinuous in cross-section and has a plurality of elongated linear air channels arranged in mutual parallelism lengthwise of the insert. This element, advantageously fused, glued or otherwise connected to one or both major walls at the ball zone not only provides additional air flow paths for increased ventilation, but also acts as a shock absorber.
As previously mentioned, the air flow paths are open at a lateral surface of at least one of the lateral zones of the insert, especially at the arch zone where the curvature of the foot arch changes as the foot moves, thereby allowing air to enter and exit. For increased ventilation, it is an additional feature of the present invention to form an elongated flexible extension at the arch zone which is placed along the inner side wall of a shoe. The air flow paths extend into and along the extension and open onto an external location of the shoe, thereby optimizing the flow of air into and out of the shoe.
Last but not least, it is to be mentioned that the aforementioned body is advantageously constructed as a discrete insert separate and apart from the affected shoe proper but arranged prior to and during the use thereof at the proper location within the internal space of the affected shoe.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawing.
FIG. 1 is a bottom plan view of a shoe insert constructed and equipped in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, with parts broken away to reveal internal elements, especially a built-in pumping member;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2—2 through a fragment of the shoe insert of, and at a scale enlarged relative to that of, FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the pumping and shock-absorbing member depicted in FIG. 1, at a scale substantially corresponding to that of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view, at an enlarged scale substantially corresponding to that of FIG. 2, of another fragment of the shoe insert of FIG. 1, taken on line 4—4 thereof;
FIG. 5 is another substantially correspondingly scaled sectional view but taken through another fragment of the shoe insert, this time on line 5—5 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view analogous to FIG. 1, but of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view, at a greatly enlarged scale, of a detail of the insert of FIG. 6, taken on line 7—7 thereof; and
FIG. 8 is a broken-away, perspective view of a modified detail of the insert of FIG. 6.
Referring now to the drawing in detail, and first to FIG. 1 thereof, it may be seen that the reference numeral 10 has been used therein to identify a resilient structure that is designed to act as a shock absorber and/or to give comfort to the user of a shoe, boot or other footwear article provided with such a structure 10. This structure 10 will be described below as being embodied in a member or body 11 separate from the footwear article proper but inserted, when in use or ready for being used, into the interior of such an article. Due to such positioning, the body 11 will be referred to below as a shoe insert. However, it is to be mentioned at the very outset that the principles involved and measures taken in conjunction with this separate shoe insert could just as well be incorporated directly into the sole of a footwear article, in which case no insert whatsoever, or just a regular insert of a well-known construction, would be used in that particular type of footwear article. Regardless of whether the separate or the incorporated construction of the structure 10 is chosen, the body 11 has a back or heel zone 12, a front or toe zone 13, and an intermediate or arch zone 14.
As mentioned before, one of the main issues that have not yet been fully satisfactorily addressed in footwear, especially in athletic footwear, is proper ventilation. While at least athletic footwear, but also certain other footwear, especially that resembling the same, for instance the well-known sneakers that are being used by children and adults alike for the comfortable feeling they offer even if used in other than athletic activities, is made in such a manner that it "breathes", i.e. that at least some air exchange takes place between the interior and the exterior of the shoe either through the material of the shoe uppers or through holes strategically provided in the footwear for this purpose, experience with hitherto proposed footwear of this type has shown that the ventilation effect achieved in it leaves much to be desired, especially as far as the area that is particularly vulnerable to the deleterious consequences of the combination of insufficient ventilation and moisture accumulation (from sometimes profuse sweating), namely the toe area, is concerned. As is well known, such unwanted consequences include, but are not limited to, creating the conditions conducive to the development and/or progression of an affliction commonly referred to as athlete's foot.
Analysis of and experience and experiments with existing athletic footwear types has shown that one of the main reasons why the area in question is not properly ventilated even if the athletic shoe is abundantly perforated at that region is the total lack of relative movement of the toes within the space allotted to them in the interior of the shoe with respect to the shoe itself, or at best an amount of such movement that is inadequate for forcing any meaningful amount of air in and out through the perforations, if any, provided at that region even if the shoe is rather loose fitting. The airing situation is obviously even worse when the shoe is tied tight, as athletic footwear used in sports and similar outdoor or indoor activities would be in order to assure a secure foothold by making sure that the shoe accurately follows all movements of the respective foot at least when in contact with the ground.
The main purpose of the present invention is, as alluded to before, to provide for at least adequate if not excellent circulation of air in the interior of the shoe while being worn, and especially into and out of the interior region that accommodates the toes of the shoe wearer. To this end, the body 11 is provided, at its front zone 13, with a multitude of orifices 15 that are shown to be arranged in an array of respective substantially orthogonal rows and columns. One end of each of these orifices 15 opens onto the surface of the body 11 of the shoe insert 10 (or, as will be mentioned for the last time here, of the shoe sole if the present invention is incorporated in it) that faces the foot of the shoe wearer, while the other end opens into a respective one of several ducts 16 provided in a similarly orthogonal fashion in the interior of the body 11.
These ducts 16, in turn, are in communication with respective first and second conduits 17 and 18. As shown, there are three of the first conduits 17 but only a single second conduit 18. The first conduits 17 lead from the ducts 16 to the central zone 14 where they gradually merge with one another to eventually form a common conduit 19 that leads from the center of the body 11 to its (instep) side where it opens onto the aforementioned foot-facing surface through respective ports 20 and, possibly even more importantly, onto the side surface of the body 11 through respective mouths 21.
The common conduit 19 and the ports 20 and mouths 21 together form something that will occasionally be referred to as an estuary section. It may be seen that the orifices 15, the ducts 16, the first conduits 17, the common conduit 19, and the ports 20 and mouths 21 jointly form respective communicating pathways through which the aforementioned toe region of the interior of the shoe is in communication with the instep side region of such interior and, if this region is connected through respective perforations in the shoe upper with the outside of the shoe, as it usually is at least in athletic footwear, with the exterior of the shoe as well.
The second conduit 18, on the other hand, leads from the ducts 16 through the arch zone 14 all the way to the heel zone 12. As a comparison particularly of FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing will reveal, the second conduit opens into a recess 22 provided in the heel zone 12 of the body 11 and delimited on one of its major sides (as shown that facing toward the foot of the wearer) by an integral wall 23 of the body 11. That recess 22 is covered at its side facing away from the shoe wearer in the use condition, in a substantially hermetically sealing manner, by a cover sheet or wall 24. That effectively converts the recess 22 into an enclosed compartment that is separated from the exterior of the body 11, so that the air pressure in it or in any part of it may differ from that prevailing at such exterior. Of course, the compartment 22 is not totally separated from the environment. For one, as mentioned just above, it communicates, at least at time as will be explained later, with the second conduit 18. Moreover, it is connected, via a passage 25 that is provided in a substantially rigid tube 26 embedded in the material of the arch zone 14 of the body 11, with the common conduit 19.
It may be seen from the above that the toe region of the interior of the shoe provided with the structure 10 is connected through the conduits 17 and 18, directly or indirectly, with the instep side region of the body 11. The presence of the conduits 17 and 18 in and of itself does not assure that any circulation or movement of air will take place through them, though. As a matter of fact, without further measures being taken, any movement of air through the conduits 17 and 18 would be so minuscule as to be totally insignificant in the scheme of things, and the ventilation effect would hardly, if at all, be improved over that obtained by means of the aforementioned perforations in the shoe upper, even if the conduits 17 and 18 were provided in addition to such perforations.
This, however, is where the present invention comes in, in that at least one of the walls 23 and 24, but preferably both, is flexible enough to yield to a certain extent when subjected to forces trying to displace it toward the other of the walls 24 and 23. It should be evident that such forces are in existence at all times that the weight of the shoe wearer rests on the heel zone 12 of the insert or body 11, but that the magnitude of such forces will vary in dependence on the movements of the wearer —from a minimum encountered when the heel portion of the shoe is lifted off of the ground to a maximum occurring, for instance, right after the heel portion has touched the ground after the wearer has, for instance, jumped up in the air in the course of a basketball game. Combined with the presence of the conduit 18 and the passage 26 and one or more additional measures, this wall flexibility makes a pumping chamber out of the compartment 22.
One of such additional measures is illustrated in FIG. 4 of the drawing. It involves the provision of a one-way valve 27 in or at the passage 18. As shown, the valve 27 is constructed as a flap valve that permits air to flow out of the conduit 18 into the compartment 22 when the air pressure in the conduit 18 exceeds that prevailing in the compartment 22, but not the other way around. This, of course, means that the only avenue left for the air to escape from the compartment 22 when the pressure in it exceeds that existing outside the body 11 is through the passage 25 provided in the tube 26 and extending longitudinally of the latter as depicted in particular in FIG. 5 of the drawing, and hence into the common conduit 19. On the other hand, when the pressure in the compartment 22 is lower than the ambient pressure, the higher-pressure air from the second conduit 18 is able to flow into the compartment or pumping chamber 22 after it has opened the flap valve 27 due to its dominant pressure.
This pumping action would be present at least to some extent even if the pumping chamber 22 were devoid of any internal elements. When, however, FIG. 1 is considered together with FIG. 3 of the drawing, it may be seen that the compartment or chamber 22 is not empty; rather, a resilient element 28, preferably constituted of a thin elastomeric material, is located in it and, as a matter of fact, substantially fills it to the extent that it itself does not have respective voids within its overall outline. As may be observed especially in FIG. 2, particularly if considered in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 3, there is a considerable amount of such voids inasmuch as the resilient element 28 includes respective substantially dome-shaped, spaced-apart, dimples or protuberances 29 that are hollow to bound a first kind of such voids 30. Of course, the oppositely facing external surfaces of the resilient element 28 bound a substantially complementary set of a second kind of voids designated as 31, but these latter voids 31 are of somewhat lesser significance in the context of the present invention than the voids 30.
It may be seen that the protuberances 29 "rise above" respective connecting portions 32 that are interposed between them and connect them with one another. These connecting portions 32 and the adjacent regions of the protuberances 29 are provided with respective channels 33 and 34 that connect the first voids 30 so that the pressure in them will rise and fall substantially in unison. It may also be seen especially in FIG. 3 of the drawing that the resilient element 28 is provided with a cutaway at a region corresponding, as may be observed in FIG. 1 of the drawing, to the location of the flap valve 27, so that it does not interfere with the operation of the latter. Even though this is not particularly shown in the drawing, it ought to be realized that the resilient element 28 may be, and advantageously will be, secured in place, for instance by its connecting portions 32 being connected by a layer of adhesive to the wall 23 of the body 11.
Advantageously, the protuberances are arranged in longitudinal rows that are staggered relative to adjacent rows. The channels 33 are linear and extend longitudinally along each row, and transversely across adjacent rows.
Now that the basic construction of the structure 10 has been described in some detail, the function and operation of this structure 10 will now be described. As mentioned above, when ready for use or actually used (the latter condition being assumed in the following explanation), the body 11 is located in the interior of the shoe in question, and more particularly next to (or, as mentioned at the outset, within) the shoe sole, i.e. underneath a standing shoe wearer's foot. The various parts of the structure 10 assume their relative positions shown in the drawing only when none of the weight of the wearer rests on the wall 23. Under these circumstances, the volumes of the voids 30 and 31 and hence the free volume of the pumping chamber 22 are at their maxima.
Once, however, at least a part of the weight of the user starts resting on the wall 23, the latter and/or the wall 24 start to be pushed in and, because of its or their flexibility, one or both of them yield into the chamber 22, thus diminishing its volume. It should go without saying that this inward flexing is resisted by the dome-shaped protuberances 29 of the resilient element 28; however, since the resilient element 28 is, by definition, resilient, the protuberances 29 will yield out of the way of relative movement of the respective flexible wall 24, thus diminishing the volumes not only of the first voids 31 but those of the second voids as well.
As will be readily apparent to those familiar with the behavior of resilient materials, this protuberance deformation process is accompanied by accumulation of energy in the material of the resilient element 28. This, of course, means that once the magnitudes of the weight-related forces acting on the walls 23 and 24 are diminished, this accumulated energy causes the protuberances 28 to move toward their initial positions and/or configurations, hence pushing the walls 23 and 24 apart. Thus, it may be seen that the resilient element 28 has, if no other, then the function of acting as a "spring" that urges the walls 23 and 24 toward their relative positions in which the volume of space enclosed in the chamber 22 is at its maximum.
The rises and falls in the pressure of the air contained in the pumping chamber 22, which attend the increase and decrease in the weight-related forces acting on the walls 23 and 24 present at the heel zone 12 of the body 12, have the following consequences: starting with the assumptions that the effective volume of the chamber 22 is significantly less than that shown in the drawing, with the walls 23 and 24 being much closer to one another than shown there, and that the weight-related forces are already diminishing after having achieved their momentary peaks, the pressure in the pumping chamber 22 is diminishing as well due to the pushing-apart action of the resilient element 28 and the attendant increase in the volumes of at least the voids 30. This means that the flap valve 27 will open, and air will be drawn into the compartment 22 from the toe region through the orifices 15, the ducts 16, and the second conduit 18, in that order.
Now, it is possible that some of the "replacement" air will come from the first ducts 17 at this stage of the game, but that possibility need not be taken into account in judging the overall performance of the ventilation system of the present invention. This is so because the more significant part of the air circulation process takes place during the "downstroke", i.e. as the volume of, and hence the pressure in, the compartment 22 rises, often at a very rapid pace, especially after the wearer has landed on the heel portion of the shoe after having jumped up to a more or less considerable extent. What happens then is that the rising pressure in the compartment 22 causes the flap valve 27 to close and the high-pressure air contained in the pumping chamber 22 is forced to flow only through the passage 25 of the tube 26.
On the first glance, this direct expulsion of the air from the compartment 22 into the common conduit 19 and from there to the outside of the body 11 contributes nothing to the ventilation of the toe region of the shoe. Yet, first appearances may be misleading, as they are in this case. To see why, it is to be realized that the passage 25 does not open into the common conduit 19 in any which way. Rather, the tube 26, and hence its internal passage 25, are bent in the manner that may be observed in FIG. 1. This means not only that the air traveling though the passage 25 has to go around the bend, but more significantly, that it is expelled into the common conduit 19 substantially in the axial or longitudinal direction of the latter, and in a direction toward the exterior of the body 11 to boot.
As a result, there is obtained, so to say, a "reversed Venturi effect", that is the thus expelled, rather rapidly moving, air entrains the previously stagnant air contained in the common conduit 19 for joint movement with it. This, of course, reduces the speed at which such joint and commingled air stream moves through the common conduit 19; however, this speed reduction pales in comparison with the attendant manifold increase in the volume of the air traveling through the common conduit 19.
As a matter of fact, this speed reduction is a part of the design inasmuch as the energy released by it is imparted to the aforementioned stagnant air, thus causing it to move. Once such stagnant air begins to move, the pressure "just behind it", that is especially at those ends of the first conduits 17 that open into the common conduit 19 decreases. This, in turn, causes replenishment air to be drawn through the first conduits 17 and ultimately, through the respective ducts 16 and orifices 15, out of the toe region of the shoe. In this manner, there is obtained the desired toe region ventilation effect.
It may have been noticed that the passage 25 is open at all times, that is not only during the "downstroke" but also during the "upstroke", i.e. while the pressure in the chamber 22 is lower than the ambient pressure. This, of course, means that some air can be drawn into the pumping chamber 22 under such lower-pressure circumstances, thus reducing the amount of air drawn into the compartment 22 through the second conduit 18. However, since the contribution of the second conduit 18 to the ventilation effect is not that great to begin with (if at all existent), as explained above, this reduction of the amount of air flowing through the second conduit 18 has only a marginal effect if any on the overall effectiveness of the air circulation process.
Nevertheless, a one-way valve, possibly similar to the flap valve 27 but effective in the opposite direction, could be provided at or in the passage 25 to prevent the flow of air through it in a direction toward the compartment 22. In this case, though, care would have to be exercised in choosing and arranging such a one-way valve in order for it not to interfere with the above-described jet or "reverse Venturi" effect applied by the emerging air jet to the air then present in the common conduit 19, and particularly not to deflect this emerging jet.
This resilient element 28 also serves as an efficient structure for absorbing shock forces. The protuberances 29 cover substantially the whole area of the heel zone where shock protection is most needed. Each protuberance yields when required, and when doing so, the material of each yielding protuberance does not overlap itself or its neighboring protuberances. The air within the yielding protuberance is allowed to escape therefrom in multiple directions along the interconnecting channels 33, thereby achieving a uniform efficacious shock absorbing function.
Turning now to FIG. 6, the reference numeral 100 has been used to identify another embodiment of the structure of the present invention. As before, the structure 100 has a body 111 that includes a heel zone 112, a toe zone 113, and an arch zone 114, as well as a ball zone 116 that generally underlies the ball of a wearer's foot. Orifices 115 are arranged in rows and columns at the toe and ball zones, each orifice opening onto an exterior surface of the body 111 and communicating with first conduits 117 that individually lead to, and open onto, the instep side at one lateral zone of the structure 100, and with a second conduit 118 that leads to, and opens onto, the lateral zone of the structure at the opposite side of the instep. Air can enter and exit the structure through these open conduits.
In contrast to the previous embodiment, the first and second conduits do not pass through the center of the structure, but instead, are routed around the ball zone 116 along peripheral marginal edge regions 119 of the structure. That leaves space available in the ball zone to receive a corrugated element 120. The element 120, as best seen in FIG. 7, has a sinuous cross-section and bounds with a pair of opposite major walls 123, 124, a plurality of air channels 125 that extend linearly lengthwise of the structure 100 in mutual parallelism. To fix the element 120 in position, it is fused, glued or otherwise connected at points 127 to one or both major walls 123, 124.
The element 120 allows free air movement between itself and both major walls, i.e., above and under the corrugations, and also acts as a shock absorber. The orifices 115 allow air to enter and exit the air channels 125. The air channels 125 lead to a common space 130 at which one end of a substantially rigid tube 126, analogous to tube 26 in the previous embodiment, is embedded. The opposite end of the tube 126 is connected to the interior of a pumping compartment in which a resilient element 128, identical to element 28 of the previous embodiment, is received.
The function and operation of the structure 100 is analogous to that described above for the previous embodiment and need not be repeated. During walking, air is pumped by the resilient element 128 into and through the tube 126 into the common space 130, whereupon the rapidly moving air entrains the air contained in the air channels 125 for joint movement and expulsion from the structure at the instep side thereof.
Rather than exhausting air to, or drawing air from, the instep side of the structure, which is typically partly blocked by a side wall of the shoe, another feature of this invention resides in connecting or integrally forming an elongated extension 132 at the instep. The extension 132 has internal spacers, preferably corrugated, bounding air passages that lead from the first conduits 117 and the common space 130 along its length to a port 134 located on the extension 132. The extension is constituted of a flexible material that is placed alongside the inner side wall of the shoe, thereby elevating the port 134 to a location that is not blocked by a wearer's foot. Air can now fully be drawn into, or exhausted from, the port for increased ventilation. The extension acts like a flue through which air passes through the port 134. A wearer of a shoe so equipped may be encouraged to cut or fold the extension for greater comfort and to accommodate different shoe sizes and shapes.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the type described above.
While the present invention has been described and illustrated herein as embodied in a specific construction of a shoe insert for an athletic shoe, it is not limited to the details of this particular construction, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the following claims.
What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 15, 1982
|Sep 18, 1984
|Pomeranz Mark L
|Shock absorbing devices using rheopexic fluid
|Jan 27, 1983
|Oct 22, 1985
|Clarks Limited
|Nov 16, 1987
|Sep 6, 1988
|Asics Corporation
|Aug 2, 1988
|May 23, 1989
|Jiuh Lung Enterprise Co., Ltd.
|Footwear having single-layer ventilating and massaging insole
|Jun 22, 1990
|Aug 4, 1992
|Tretorn Ab
|Shoe, especially a sport shoe
|Jul 31, 1991
|Jan 4, 1994
|Hpi Health Protection, Inc.
|Cushion having multilayer closed cell structure
|Feb 1, 1996
|Aug 12, 1997
|Petris - S.P.A.
|Moulded shoe sole able to take in air from the inside of the shoe and push it out from the heel
|Jun 5, 1995
|May 19, 1998
|Robert C. Bogert
|Multi-celled cushion and method of its manufacture
|Sep 18, 1996
|Jul 28, 1998
|Pagel; Todd A.
|Fluid filled support system for footwear
|Aug 20, 1997
|Jun 29, 1999
|Gooding; Elwyn
|Adaptive, energy absorbing structure
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 17, 2002
|Jun 24, 2003
|E.S. Originals, Inc.
|Ventilating arrangement for a shoe
|May 20, 2002
|Jun 29, 2004
|Energaire Corporation
|Footwear structure with outsole bulges and midsole bladder
|Nov 30, 2001
|Jun 29, 2004
|Wolverine World Wide, Inc.
|Shoe cushioning system and related method of manufacture
|Jan 10, 2003
|Nov 30, 2004
|Adidas International Marketing B.V.
|Ball and socket 3D cushioning system
|Jul 1, 2003
|Oct 4, 2005
|The Rockport Company, Llc
|Cushioning sole for an article of footwear
|Jan 10, 2003
|Nov 8, 2005
|Adidas International Marketing B.V.
|Full bearing 3D cushioning system
|Aug 9, 2004
|Jan 10, 2006
|Adidas International Marketing B.V.
|Ball and socket 3D cushioning system
|May 27, 2005
|Nov 28, 2006
|Adidas International Marketing B.V.
|Full bearing 3D cushioning system
|May 18, 2004
|Jun 5, 2007
|Wolverine World Wide, Inc.
|Shoe cushioning system and related method of manufacture
|Oct 14, 2005
|Jul 17, 2007
|Adidas International Marketing B.V.
|Ball and socket 3D cushioning system
|Jul 9, 2007
|Feb 23, 2010
|Adidas International Marketing B.V.
|Ball and socket 3D cushioning system
|Jun 5, 2006
|Mar 30, 2010
|Nike, Inc.
|Article of footwear or other foot-receiving device having a fluid-filled bladder with support and reinforcing structures
|May 3, 2007
|May 11, 2010
|Hee Woon Yang
|Air-circulating shock absorbing shoes
|Feb 9, 2010
|Aug 30, 2011
|Adidas International Marketing B.V.
|Ball and socket 3D cushioning system
|Feb 8, 2010
|Nov 22, 2011
|Nike, Inc.
|Article of footwear or other foot-receiving device having a foam or fluid-filled bladder element with support and reinforcing structures
|Jun 30, 2006
|Jul 2, 2013
|Alfred Cloutier Lt�e
|Adaptable shoe cover
|Jan 30, 2009
|Dec 31, 2013
|Jeffrey David Stewart
|Exercise apparatuses and methods of using the same
|Sep 14, 2010
|Feb 10, 2015
|Bibo S.P.A.
|Shoe sole that allows breathability of the foot
|Oct 24, 2008
|Jun 16, 2015
|Kevin McDonnell
|Multistructural support system for a sole in a running shoe
|Apr 27, 2012
|Oct 13, 2015
|Nike, Inc.
|Insole with inferiorly extending projections
|Mar 15, 2013
|Feb 2, 2016
|Jeffrey David Stewart
|Wearable exercise apparatuses
|Feb 5, 2002
|Aug 7, 2003
|Dick Hong
|Shoe pad with a gas discharging valve
|Jan 10, 2003
|Mar 25, 2004
|Manz Gerd Rainer
|Full bearing 3D cushioning system
|Oct 14, 2003
|Apr 29, 2004
|Jeffrey S. Brooks, Inc.
|Footwear with breathable sole
|May 18, 2004
|Dec 16, 2004
|Reed Karl A.
|Shoe cushioning system and related method of manufacture
|Jul 1, 2003
|Jan 6, 2005
|The Rockport Company, Llc
|Cushioning sole for an article of footwear
|Aug 9, 2004
|Jan 20, 2005
|Adidas International Marketing B. V.
|Ball and socket 3D cushioning system
|May 27, 2005
|Dec 1, 2005
|Adidas International Marketing B.V.
|Full bearing 3D cushioning system
|Oct 14, 2005
|Feb 16, 2006
|Adidas International Marketing B. V.
|Ball and socket 3D cushioning system
|Jun 21, 2005
|Dec 21, 2006
|Miles Lamstein
|Article of footwear
|Jun 5, 2006
|Dec 6, 2007
|Nike, Inc.
|Article of footwear or other foot-receiving device having a fluid-filled bladder with support and reinforcing structures
|Sep 21, 2006
|Jan 24, 2008
|Vickroy Samuel C
|Apparatuses and methods for adjusting temperatures within shoes
|Jul 9, 2007
|Feb 28, 2008
|Manz Gerd R
|Ball and socket 3d cushioning system
|Jun 30, 2006
|Aug 7, 2008
|Alfred Cloutier Ltee
|Adaptable Shoe Cover
|May 3, 2007
|Aug 7, 2008
|Hee Woon Yang
|Air-circulating shock absorbing shoes
|Oct 24, 2008
|Apr 29, 2010
|Mcdonnell Kevin
|Multistructural support system for a sole in a running shoe
|Feb 8, 2010
|Jun 3, 2010
|Nike, Inc.
|Article of Footwear or Other Foot-Receiving Device Having a Fluid-Filled Bladder with Support and Reinforcing Structures
|Feb 9, 2010
|Jun 10, 2010
|Adidas International Marketing B.V.
|Ball and Socket 3D Cushioning System
|Jan 30, 2009
|Apr 21, 2011
|Jeffrey David Stewart
|Exercise apparatuses and methods of using the same
|Sep 14, 2010
|May 24, 2012
|BIBO S.p.a
|Shoe sole that allows breathability of the foot
|Jan 17, 2012
|Jul 18, 2013
|Skysole Corporation
|Cushioning device with ventilation
|Apr 27, 2012
|Oct 31, 2013
|Nike, Inc.
|Insole with inferiorly extending projections
|Jan 16, 2012
|Jan 22, 2014
|Breathable ventilating insole with Rafael effect
|Jan 16, 2013
|Jul 25, 2013
|Skysole Corporation
|Cushioning device with ventilation
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 16, 2005
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 1, 2005
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Sep 27, 2005
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20050731


text:
There has been an explosion of no-hitters in the majors over the past three seasons.
Since the beginning of July 2009, there have been 16 no-hitters (including Roy Halladay's no-hitter in the 2010 NLDS) -- roughly one every six weeks -- and five of them have been perfect games.
San Francisco Giants right-hander Matt Cain is the most recent to join the No-Hit Club (and the even more exclusive Perfect Game Club). He will make his first start since retiring 27 Houston Astros in order last Wednesday tonight at Angel Stadium against the Angels.
Cain is unbeaten in his past eight starts (7-0 and a no-decision) with a 2.06 ERA in that time. But the Angels have a better chance than you would think against a pitcher coming off a no-hitter.
The 15 pitchers before Cain who have thrown no-hitters since July 2009 have gone a combined 6-6 (their teams are 7-8) with a 4.85 ERA while allowing nearly a hit per inning (91 in 94 2/3 innings) in the first start after their no-hitter.
Only two of those 15 have followed up their no-hitters with complete games -- Ervin Santana last year and A's left-hander Dallas Braden in May 2010. Braden went eight innings in a loss as the follow-up to his perfect game.
Only one of those 15 followed up his no-hitter with a scoreless performance. Then-Rockies right-hander Ubaldo Jimenez threw 7 1/3 scoreless innings in the follow-up to his April 2010 no-hitter.
The low-hit game in a no-hitter follow-up over the past three years was turned in by Tigers ace Justin Verlander in May 2011. He allowed just one run on two hits in eight innings against the Royals after no-hitting the Blue Jays last May.
The worst follow-up is a toss-up between White Sox right-hander Philip Humber this season and Twins left-hander Franciso Liriano last year. Humber allowed nine runs in five innings against the Red Sox and took a loss in his first start following his perfect game in April. And Liriano lasted just three innings against the Tigers, also taking a loss in his first start after pitching a no-hitter in May 2011.
For more on this week's interleague series between the Angels and Giants, read Five questions about ... the Giants.
More Angels coverage:
Sunday's game: Richards makes case to stick around
Trout and Angels offense slumping together
Saturday's game: Santana nearly perfect in one-hit shutout
Bourjos trying to live with reduced role
Has the perfect storm passed for Albert Pujols?
Problems solved? Angels have addressed glaring needs at leadoff, in bullpen
Wells thinks there will be "a spot" waiting for him in Angels outfield
Finding Frieri: How Angels targeted, acquired bullpen phenom
Trumbo becoming Angels' offensive leader
Is Trout-Bourjos dynamic a dilemma for Angels?
Does Hatcher firing expose friction in Angels' power dynamic?
More on the Angels blog: [rssfeedme cat="fromthedugout" feedpath="/category/angels/feed]


text:
A strange Big Lebowski sighting. In the daily comic strip Mutts this week (Feb. 4-9), the cat Mooch has taken to wearing a zoot suit and calling himself the Dude. In Saturday's strip, Mooch curls up for nap, and his canine pal, Earl, says, "There he is—as always—just hanging around—doing nothing—nothing but being a 'cat.'" Mooch then delivers the famous Lebowski koan: "The Dude abides." Earl responds, "I don't know about you—but I take comfort in that."
Patrick McDonnell's strip usually avoids references of any kind of current events or pop culture, so the riff is unexpected, even puzzling. I know there are Big Lebowski experts lurking on this blog. Explication desired.


text:
Originally posted by Garkinisswhat's the difference between a soldier having an issued firearm and one he bought himself? Besides the cost to tax payers?
Originally posted by MajorMayhem
Lately I've been reading a lot about crime and gun control, the crime rates --- things have just gotten out of hand.
Then I think about places like Switzerland, Sweden, Israel I think Canada still gives an option to let their out going troops buy their issued FN? Not really sure but they used too.At one time The Norwegian home guard used to keep their G3's at home, not any more but...
So anyway here we have this huge well trained pool of manpower who's already trained in the use of weapons and understands use of deadly force.
so why not tap the pool let them keep or buy their issued M16/M4 or M9 pistols, and give then carry permits. Even without pay I think a lot of Vet dad's like myself wouldn't mind volunteering for some kind of civil security force that protects our schools. I can see something like that making a huge dent in the chicago homicide rate.
Even if I have to use my own dime to attend training or other classes I'd do it. pretty sure lots of my brother and sisters in arms would too.
So what do you guys think? Bad idea good idea is it even worth a shot?
I think so.


text:
Changes to Step #2
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Edit approved by Andrew Optimus Goldberg
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|[* black]
|[* black]
|[* black] Now that that's out of the way, on to the good stuff: as soon as you open the Time Capsule, you notice subtle differences.
|[* black] Instead of a metal cover/clamp, now there's a smaller metal cover/clamp that hugs a rubber cover like a... you get the idea. Underneath that rubber cover lies the hard drive.


text:
Ready to donate?
You are able to book 3 or more days in advance.Request appointment now
To change an existing appointment, or to speak to a customer service representative
13 14 95
About blood types
Your blood type, also known as your blood group, helps determine what kind of blood donation might be best for you to give.
Want to know 'What blood type am I?' Request an appointment for a whole blood donation first, and we will tell you!
Donations by blood type
Even if you can't give a particular kind of blood donation for health or other reasons, keep donating what you can. Your donation will still save lives!
How do blood types work?
You inherit your blood type from a mix of your parents' genes. There are eight main blood types, organised through two combined systems. These systems are ABO (blood types A, B, AB or O) and Rhesus type or group (positive or negative).
Your blood type is a combination of these two systems. For example, by percentage of population, the most common blood type in Australia is O positive and the least common is AB negative.
Why are blood types important?
When someone is given a blood transfusion, it's best to give them blood that's the same type as their own. If that isn't available, they can be given certain other compatible blood types depending on their own blood type.
Some blood types are 'universal', which means they can be given to anyone. O negative red cells can be given to anyone, and are often used in emergencies. AB plasma, positive or negative, can be also given to anyone.


text:
Read The New York Times' Internal Memo on 'What The New York Times Should Be'
"It is time to catch our breath and come up with a shared vision"
"It is time to catch our breath and come up with a shared vision"
The actress says terrible reviews have kept her from watching 20th Century Fox's Marvel Comics adaptation
"Being shocked is part of democratic debate, being shot is not," Gérard Biard says while accepting award
Engel reported he was held captive by forces loyal to Syrian president Bashar Assad; New York Times finds that wasn't correct
Actor teases road ahead for he and costar Gillian Anderson in six-episode return of Fox cult franchise
New York Times and New York Newspaper Guild settle disputes and avoid arbitration over 14 Guild members who initially challenged their layoffs
New York Times reports Clinton conducted all business via personal email while serving as top diplomat
"I am coming after you with everything I have," O'Reilly says to Times reporter if he deems coverage inappropriate. "You can take it as a...
Legendary media columnist died Thursday after collapsing at the newspaper's offices
In a new Q&A interview, CNN executive reveals reason for full-page New York Times ad boasting about "New Day" beating "Morning Joe"
The Fox News primetime anchor's approach and knack for grilling guests has driven "the Kelly craze," says the Times
Week after attack, satirical magazine's cover shows Islamic religion's chief prophet with a tear saying "all is forgiven"
"Mr. de Blasio isn't going to say it, but somebody has to," the paper's editorial board writes
Conservative blogger Charles Johnson published addresses of two Ferguson-based Times reporters; Carr strikes back during interview
A day after the longtime TV reporter accepts buyout, the newspaper and magazine reporter joins him
Mele joins the Times in January overseeing content, revenue, product and audience development
Total revenues rose less than 1 percent to $364.7 million from $361.7 million
The newspaper adds a 24-page national weekly edition for distribution to partners across the country
The Dallas Morning News will be the first paper to secure the international version starting Sunday
Executive editor Dean Baquet eliminates managing editor role, promotes four senior editors
The new staff writer's subject matter will include "her current bailiwick of politics, foreign affairs, Hollywood and edible marijuana."


text:
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text:
Phone Number(▒▒▒) ▒▒▒- ▒▒ 90
991 Friends
Hey, I'm Anita!
Frederick, Maryland, United States · Member since August 2011
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Hi. My name is Anita, I am from the Baltimore/Washington area and I live in Frederick, Maryland. I work full time as a special events planner and in my free time I love going to concerts and playing the piano. I love traveling for concerts and was introduced to airbnb by some friends. I am happy to answer any questions you may have.