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Burkina Faso
2014 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
Moderate Advancement
In 2014, Burkina Faso made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government published a study on hazardous child labor in order to update existing legislation and established the National Coordination Committee for the National Action Plan on the Fight against the Worst Forms of Child Labor. The Government also adopted Law N° 011-2014/AN Suppressing the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, which strengthens existing prohibitions on commercial sexual exploitation of children and child pornography. However, children in Burkina Faso are engaged in child labor, including in agriculture, and in the worst forms of child labor, including in mining. Limited resources for the systematic enforcement of child labor laws impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor and the lack of funding has hampered the implementation of child labor policies. Despite an uprising in October that ousted longtime President Blaise Compaoré, the Government continued to address child labor issues.
I. Prevalence and Sectoral Distribution of Child Labor
Children in Burkina Faso are engaged in child labor, including in agriculture. Children are also engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including in mining.(1-10) According to a National Survey on Child Labor in Burkina Faso conducted in 2006, 47.7 percent of boys and 43 percent of girls ages 5 to 17 are engaged in child labor. Child labor is more prevalent in rural areas, with 44.1 percent of children engaged in child labor.(11) Table 1 provides key indicators on children's work and education in Burkina Faso.
Working children, ages 5 to 14 (% and population):
42.1 (2,116,752)
School attendance, ages 5 to 14 (%):
Children combining work and school, ages 7 to 14 (%):
Primary completion rate (%):
Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2012, published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2015.(12)
Source for all other data: Understanding Children's Work Project's analysis of statistics from Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples, 2010.(13)
Based on a review of available information, Table 2 provides an overview of children's work by sector and activity.
Planting,* weeding,* and exposure to pesticides† in the harvesting of crops, including cotton (1-7, 9)
Harvesting mangos* (8)
Raising and herding livestock, including cattle* and goats* (2, 3, 6, 10)
Digging and crushing rock,* installing dynamite,† working underground,† carrying water and other heavy loads,† and using cyanide and mercury† to process ore in gold mines† (1-4, 9, 14-26)
Quarrying† and transporting heavy loads† while working to extract granite* (17, 21, 24, 27-30)
Street work, including vending and begging (2, 3, 7, 10, 35, 36)
Categorical Worst Forms of Child Labor‡
Used in illicit activities,* including drug trafficking* (24, 37)
Forced labor in livestock herding* (6)
Commercial sexual exploitation sometimes as a result of human trafficking* (2, 3, 10, 18, 22, 30, 38, 39)
Agricultural work,* including cotton production and livestock raising,* domestic work, begging, gold mining, and work in quarries,* each as a result of human trafficking (3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 21, 31, 35, 36, 39-42)
* Evidence of this activity is limited and/or the extent of the problem is unknown.
† Determined by national law or regulation as hazardous and, as such, relevant to Article 3(d) of ILO C. 182.
‡ Child labor understood as the worst forms of child labor per se under Article 3(a) (c) of ILO C. 182.
Burkina Faso is a destination, transit point, and source for child trafficking.(3, 35, 39, 42, 43) Human traffickers sometimes pose as Koranic school teachers, who force their students to beg in the streets and take the money the boys collect.(3, 7, 21, 35-37, 39, 40) The Government acknowledged the need for a national study on child prostitution in order to better understand the issue and incorporate it into the National Action Plan on the Fight against the Worst Forms of Child Labor.(42) Additionally, a recent boom in gold mining has contributed to the increase of child labor in this sector, and additional children are leaving school to work in gold mines.(6, 9, 16, 37, 44-47)
Although Law N° 013-2007/AN Orienting the Education System mandates free education until the age of 16, students are required to pay for uniforms and school-related fees.(2, 10, 30, 48) The shortage of teachers and lack of school infrastructure in rural areas hinders children's access to education.(4, 30, 48) Birth registration is also required for enrollment, which could prevent some children from entering school since about a quarter of children do not have a birth certificate.(49-52) At school, students may suffer physical and sexual abuse from their teachers, particularly in rural areas, or they may be required to carry out household chores for teachers. This may discourage some children from attending school or reduce the time children can dedicate to learning.(53) Although the Government is working to provide education to children within refugee camps, due to the lack of resources, many refugee children do not have access to education.(54, 55)
On October 31, 2014, President Blaise Compaoré stepped down from power after protests erupted in response to his attempt to amend the Constitution to allow for another term as president.(56, 57) An interim president was declared two weeks later.(58, 59) This shift in power and subsequent transition may have impacted the Government's ability to address child labor during the last quarter of 2014, as many government officials were replaced.
II. Legal Framework for the Worst Forms of Child Labor
Burkina Faso has ratified all key international conventions concerning child labor (Table 3).
ILO C. 138, Minimum Age
ILO C. 182, Worst Forms of Child Labor
UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict
UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography
Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons
The Government has established laws and regulations related to child labor, including its worst forms (Table 4).
Related Legislation
Minimum Age for Work
Article 152 of the Labor Code (60)
Minimum Age for Hazardous Work
Articles 149 and 150 of the Labor Code; Article 1 of Decree N° 2009-365/PRES/PM/MTSS/MS/ MASSN Hazardous Work List (60)
Prohibition of Hazardous Occupations and/or Activities for Children
Article 153 of the Labor Code; Decree N° 2009-365/PRES/PM/MTSS/MS/MASSN Hazardous Work List (60, 61)
Prohibition of Forced Labor
Articles 5 and 154 of the Labor Code; Articles 3-5 of Law N° 011-2014/AN Suppressing the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (60, 62)
Prohibition of Child Trafficking
Article 153 of the Labor Code; Article 5 of Law N° 029-2008/AN on Combatting Trafficking of Persons and Similar Practices (60, 63)
Prohibition of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
Article 153 of the Labor Code; Articles 3-4 and 7-10 of Law N° 011-2014/AN Suppressing the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (60, 62)
Prohibition of Using Children in Illicit Activities
Article 153 of the Labor Code (60)
Minimum Age for Compulsory Military Recruitment
Minimum Age for Voluntary Military Service
Decree N° 2013-358/PRES/PM/MDNAC (64)
Compulsory Education Age
Article 4 of Law N° 013-2007/AN Orienting the Education System (65)
Free Public Education
Article 6 of Law N° 013-2007/AN Orienting the Education System (65)
* No conscription.(66)
Article 153 of the Labor Code mandates the Hazardous Work List is issued by ministerial decree in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations, as well as the National Council on Workplace Safety and Health.(60) During the reporting period, the Ministry of Civil Service, Labor, and Social Security (MFPTSS) published a study on hazardous child labor in order to update existing legislation and identified several additions.(2, 9)
On April 17, the Government adopted Law N° 011-2014/AN Suppressing the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, which strengthens existing prohibitions on commercial sexual exploitation of children and child pornography. Penalties include imprisonment of 5 to 10 years and fines between $2,700 and $5,400, with penalties doubling for repeat offenders.(2, 42, 62) Additionally, the Government drafted new mining regulations prior to the uprising in October, but the mining industry is trying to postpone revising the mining code until after a new government is in place.(4, 67) The new mining regulations would regulate artisanal mines and could provide additional protection to children working in gold mines and granite quarries.(4) The Government also drafted a comprehensive Child Protection Law, which combined elements from several laws, including the Penal Code and Labor Code. However, no action has been taken since the previous government was dissolved.(2)
III. Enforcement of Laws on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
The Government has established institutional mechanisms for the enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor, including its worst forms (Table 5).
Ministry of Civil Service, Labor, and Social Security (MFPTSS)
Enforce labor laws, including child labor laws.(2, 68, 69) Responsible for establishing Government policy to combat child labor, including its worst forms.(37) In the case of provincial committees, responsible for awareness raising, conducting workshops for community members, and enforcement at the local level.(43, 70)
Ministry of Social Action and National Solidarity's (MASSN) Directorate for Child Protection and Efforts Against Violence Toward Children
Enforce laws against child trafficking and other worst forms of child labor, remove children from exploitative child labor, and provide reintegration services. (2, 69, 71) Operate a free hotline to report child abuse, including child labor, and conduct awareness raising activities in all 13 regions of Burkina Faso.(2, 10, 24, 72) Established civil registry offices in maternity wards to register newborn babies.(72, 73)
Ministry of Territorial Administration, Decentralization and Security (MATDS)
Enforce criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor, including investigations into the commercial sexual exploitation of children, child trafficking, child labor, and drug-related crimes.(74) In the case of the Morals Brigade within the MTADS's National Police Force, trained to deal with criminal cases involving children and women.(38)
Ministry of Justice
Enforce and prosecute criminal laws, including laws related to the worst forms of child labor.(74)
Parliamentary Network for the Promotion of Child Rights
Provide training for government officials on children's rights, including child labor laws and other issues affecting children.(4, 75, 76)
Law enforcement agencies in Burkina Faso took actions to combat child labor, including its worst forms.
Labor Law Enforcement
In 2014, the MFPTSS employed 149 labor inspectors throughout the country.(69) Although there are new inspectors being trained, the number of inspectors is lower than the 291 employed in 2014 and is insufficient to adequately monitor child labor issues.(2, 3, 37, 69) The Government provides extensive training to new labor inspectors, including a module on child labor. However, the Government acknowledges that training is insufficient and the number of inspectors who benefit from available training is limited.(69, 77) The MFPTSS did not receive funds specifically dedicated to the enforcement of child labor laws, and inspectors noted the funding level was insufficient to effectively carry out labor inspections throughout the country, particularly in artisanal mining. Research indicates that transportation is particularly challenging and there is only one vehicle in each of the regions, which is used for the Regional Director's travel as well as labor inspections.(3, 37, 69, 78) Labor inspectors staged a sit-in in June and a 2-day strike in September to protest working conditions and called on the Government to fulfil Article 392 of the Labor Code which stipulates that the Government must provide all personnel and equipment necessary for inspectors to accomplish their jobs.(2) Negotiations were stalled by the change in government and no agreement has been reached yet.(79)
Inspectors carried out unannounced visits in the informal sector, artisanal gold mines, and cotton fields in accordance with Article 397 of the Labor Code.(2, 60, 69) Inspections typically consist of planned site visits where inspectors assess compliance with labor standards and educate workers and employers on existing labor laws. Inspection teams are formed with language ability in mind since the majority of workers speak a local language rather than French.(2, 69) Inspectors are authorized to assess penalties according to Article 396 of the Labor Code.(2, 60) However, no penalties to employers have been applied to date since most children are self-employed and the MFPTSS notes that it is difficult for inspectors to follow up after inspections to ensure recommendations have been implemented.(2, 68, 78, 80) The MFPTSS publishes an annual report listing 12 types of labor infractions, but none are related to child labor. The number of investigations conducted, prosecutions, violations found, and citations issued in 2014 is not publically available.(2) It is unknown how many complaints related to child labor were made to Ministry of Social Action and National Solidarity's (MASSN) hotline.
Criminal Law Enforcement
In 2014, the Government employed 265 inspectors who worked with police officers to enforce criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor. However, this number is insufficient given the scope of the problem in Burkina Faso.(2, 69) The Government provided training for 200 police officers, social workers, judges, teachers, labor inspectors, traditional leaders, and religious leaders on issues related to human trafficking. Training modules included how to identify and provide assistance to victims, as well as investigation procedures and prosecution of human trafficking crimes.(42) Investigations are often conducted with social service agencies, which allows them to intervene directly on behalf of victims of exploitative child labor.(2, 69) Many provincial committees, which assist with criminal law enforcement and awareness raising at the local level, were unable to carry out all their planned activities due to a lack of resources.(70)
At least two Burkinabé women were arrested in neighboring countries for allegedly participating in a child trafficking ring and the Government is negotiating their extradition to Burkina Faso. MASSN identified 280 victims of child trafficking during the reporting period and referred all of the children to social service providers.(42) No statistics are available on the total number of prosecutions, convictions, or penalties assessed as a result of violations of child labor laws.(2)
IV. Coordination of Government Efforts on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
The Government has established mechanisms to coordinate its efforts to address child labor, including its worst forms (Table 6).
Coordinating Body
Role & Description
National Coordination Committee for the National Action Plan on the Fight against the Worst Forms of Child Labor (CNC-PAN/PFTE)
Supervise, evaluate and oversee implementation of the National Action Plan to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor. Chaired by the MFPTSS's Directorate to Combat Child Labor and its Worst Forms.(2, 69) Includes representatives from 24 Government ministries, including the Ministries of Justice, MASSN, MTADS, Basic Education, Mines, Human Rights, and Health.(68, 74) Also includes NGOs, religious communities, the children's parliament, civil society organizations, as well as six observers representing donor countries and international NGOs.(2) Meets twice per year to review efforts to combat child labor and identify needs.(37, 69)
MFPTSS's Directorate to Combat Child Labor and its Worst Forms
Coordinate and lead interagency efforts to combat child labor, including its worst forms; collect information on child labor; and conduct awareness raising activities.(68, 78) Serve as the Secretariat for the CNC‑PAN/PFTE.(68, 74)
National Committee for Vigilance and Surveillance Against the Trafficking in Persons and Assimilated Practices (CVS)
Coordinate actions to combat the worst forms of child labor, including human trafficking, at the national level. Oversees Committees for Vigilance and Surveillance in each of the regions.(24, 42, 43) The MASSN serves as president and the MTADS is the vice president.(42, 72) Includes representatives from MFPTSS, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Women and Gender, as well as NGOs.(42)
The Government issued a decree in January 2014 to improve the coordination of the National Coordination Committee for the National Action Plan on the Fight against the Worst Forms of Child Labor (CNC-PAN/PFTE). During the reporting period, the CNC-PAN/PFTE focused on how to make the best use of existing data on child labor in Burkina Faso and developed a monitoring tool to aid in the implementation of the National Action Plan to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor.(2)
The National Committee for Vigilance and Surveillance Against the Trafficking in Persons and Assimilated Practices (CVS) received a budget of approximately $12,000 in 2014.(42) Although the CVS was unable to meet due to a lack of resources, its regional committees each met once and brought together police officers, social workers, NGOs, and other groups combatting human trafficking to discuss the current situation in Burkina Faso.(42, 79) A lack of computerized record keeping and limited ability to collect data from regional committees and NGOs working in the field pose challenges to the Government's efforts to combat child trafficking.(42)
V. Government Policies on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
The Government of Burkina Faso has established policies related to child labor, including its worst forms (Table 7).
National Action Plan to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor (2012-2015)
Based on the Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development, aims to prevent and protect children from the worst forms of child labor through awareness raising, data collection, rehabilitation services, increased access to education, and better law enforcement.(68) Calls for the involvement of 11 ministries, particularly MASSN and MFPTSS, to reduce exploitative child labor significantly by 2015.(37, 81) Promotes education, particularly for girls, through school feeding programs, school material distribution, and scholarships.(74)
ECOWAS Regional Action Plan on Child Labor (2012-2015)
With 14 other ECOWAS countries, implements a regional action plan on child labor, especially its worst forms. Aims to eliminate worst forms of child labor in West Africa by 2015.(34, 82, 83) In 2014, met to discuss actions taken since Ghana's 2013 Peer Review, progress of the Regional Action Plan's implementation, and the ILO's Study on Child Labor and Marginalization.(84)
Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development (2011-2015)*
Encompasses all development activities with a focus on the promotion of social protections, poverty reduction through economic growth, maternal and child health, and primary education for all.(37, 85) Also implements price controls on food.(37)
Bilateral Agreements to Combat Child Trafficking
Agreements between Burkina Faso, Mali, and Côte d'Ivoire that call for increased cooperation against cross-border trafficking in persons.(3, 24, 73, 86-88) The Government has established monitoring committees to review aspects of the agreement with Mali and Côte d'Ivoire.(79) Burkina Faso's National Training Institute of Social Workers partners with its counterpart in Chad to share experiences and best practices in combatting human trafficking.(42)
Treaty of Amity and Cooperation†
Framework for economic cooperation between Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso. Includes agreements to prevent the exploitation of children in artisanal gold mines and renewed commitments to combat child trafficking between the two countries.(88) Includes annual meetings to reaffirm the commitment and address issues requiring cooperation.(88)
Decent Work Country Program (2012-2015)
Promotes decent work with a focus on creating job opportunities for youth and promoting social protection. Incorporates child labor concerns into the strategy for work.(89)
Ministry of Youth, Vocational Training, and Employment's Action Plan (2012-2014)*
Calls for the construction of 45 vocational training centers and a central vocational training center for each region.(90)
* Child labor elimination and prevention strategies do not appear to have been integrated into this policy.
† Policy was approved during the reporting period.
Following his fall from power, former President of Burkina Faso Blaise Compaoré has been living in Côte d'Ivoire, which has strained relations with the transitional Government of Burkina Faso. As a result, the monitoring committee established to review the agreement between Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire has not met.(79)
VI. Social Programs to Address Child Labor
In 2014, the Government of Burkina Faso funded and participated in programs that include the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor, including its worst forms. The Government has other programs that may have an impact on child labor, including its worst forms (Table 8).
Reducing Child Labor Through Education and Services
$5 million USDOL-funded, 4-year project implemented by Counterpart International that targets 10,000 children engaged in or at risk of entering child labor in the production of cotton and in gold mining.(91, 92) Aims to increase access to education, social protection, and training programs. Also targets 1,000 households of child beneficiaries with livelihood services.(91, 92)
Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues (2011-2016)
$15 million USDOL-funded 6-year project implemented by the ILO in approximately 40 countries to support the priorities of the Roadmap for Achieving the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor by 2016 established by the Hague Global Child Labor Conference in 2010. Aims to build the capacity of the national government and develop strategic policies to address the elimination of child labor and forced labor.(93)
Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II)†
USDOL-funded capacity building project implemented by Winrock International and partners Verité and Lawyers Without Borders in at least eight countries to build local and national capacity of the Government to address child labor. Aims to improve legislation addressing child labor issues, including by bringing local or national laws into compliance with international standards; improve monitoring and enforcement of laws and policies related to child labor; develop, validate, adopt, and implement] a National Action Plan on the elimination of child labor; and enhance the implementation of national and local policies and programs aimed at the reduction and prevention of child labor.(94)
Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS I & II
USDOL-funded regional projects that supported ECOWAS to strengthen its role in combating the worst forms of child labor in the West Africasub-region by providing policy and capacity building support for all ECOWAS states.(95, 96)
Quarrying and Mining Child Labor Project
UNICEF-funded project implemented in five regions by Terre des Hommes and the Government of Burkina Faso.(24, 68) Aims to eliminate the worst forms of child labor in quarries and mines by raising awareness and providing school materials to children to encourage student retention.(97, 98) Also provides vocation training to youth and income-generating activities and nursery schools for female-headed households.(4, 26, 34, 97, 98).
Transit Centers‡
Government program that operates 23 transit centers serving vulnerable children, some of whom were victims of human trafficking.(42, 73) Provides food, medical assistance, and psychosocial care and aims to reintegrate victims back into their communities. Facilitates repatriation of foreign victims when possible.(24, 42, 71)
Assistance to Vulnerable Groups‡
MASSN -funded program that provides services to vulnerable groups, especially women and children, in the prevention of human trafficking and recidivism. In 2014, provided 130 victims of child trafficking with nine-month scholarships to professional training centers.(42)
Awareness Raising Campaigns‡
MASSN-funded program that conducts nationwide campaigns to combat human trafficking by providing information and education. In 2014, MASSN hosted awareness sessions in 15 border provinces; held 120 discussion sessions; and provided 240 targeted police patrols in the most vulnerable areas.(42)
UN World Food Country Program (2011-2015)*
UN-funded program that promotes primary education and food security. Aims to reach 560,000 beneficiaries annually.(99)
National Council for the Prevention of Violence at Schools*
Oversees Government efforts to combat violence and abuse in schools.(2)
Child Friendly Schools*
UNICEF-funded pilot project in Ganzourgou and Namentenga provinces that constructs or converts existing schools into student-centered institutions. Provides quality education, school kits, water and sanitation facilities, and mobilizes communities in support of schools.(4, 43, 100-102) Provides teacher training on children's rights, child-friendly pedagogy, and development of extracurricular activities.(19, 101)
National Strategy on Civil Registration (2012-2016)*
Aims to achieve universal birth registration by creating information and registration centers.(2, 30) From March to June 2014, MTADS ran a campaign to provide birth certificates. Although aimed at potential voters, the campaign was open to every citizen.(42)
Resilience in the Sahel-Enhanced
USAID-funded, 5-year project to increase food security and improve livelihoods in Niger and Burkina Faso. UNICEF provided $130 million for the first two years of implementation and will provide an additional $85 million was provided to address food insecurity in Chad, Senegal, Mauritania, and Mali.(103, 104)
* The impact of this program on child labor does not appear to have been studied.
† Program was launched during the reporting period.
‡ Program is funded by the Government of Burkina Faso.
Although Burkina Faso has social programs to address the worst forms of child labor in the production of cotton and in gold mining, the scope of these programs is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem.(4)
VII. Suggested Government Actions to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor
Based on the reporting above, suggested actions are identified that would advance the elimination of child labor, including its worst forms, in Burkina Faso (Table 9).
Suggested Action
Year(s) Suggested
Strengthen enforcement of child labor laws by:
2009 2014
Make statistics regarding the enforcement of child labor laws publically available, including the number of inspections, prosecutions, violations, and citations/penalties issued and include disaggregated data on child labor infractions.
2009 2014
Disaggregate and publish the number of complaints related to child labor that are made to MASSN's hotline.
2013 2014
Ensure all coordinating committees are able to meet regularly and improve data collection tools.
Government Policies
Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development and the Ministry of Youth, Vocational Training, and Employment's Action Plan.
2013 2014
Social Programs
Take measures to increase access to free and safe education for children by:
2010 2014
Assess the impact that existing social programs may have of on addressing child labor.
2013 2014
Expand existing programs to address child labor in the production of cotton and gold mining and develop programs to address child labor in livestock herding, domestic work, street vending, and the worst forms of child labor in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation.
2009 2014
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2.U.S. Embassy- Ouagadougou. reporting, February 10, 2015.
3.International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC). Internationally Recognized Core Labour Standards in Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali: Report for the WTO General Council Review of the Trade Policies of Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali. Geneva; October 4 and 6, 2010.
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12.UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary. Total. [accessed January 16, 2015]; http://www.uis.unesco.org/Pages/default.aspx?SPSLanguage=EN. Data provided is the gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary school. This measure is a proxy measure for primary completion. For more information, please see the "Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions" section of this report.
13.UCW. Analysis of Child Economic Activity and School Attendance Statistics from National Household or Child Labor Surveys. Original data from Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples, 2010. Analysis received January 16, 2015. Reliable statistical data on the worst forms of child labor are especially difficult to collect given the often hidden or illegal nature of the worst forms. As a result, statistics on children's work in general are reported in this chart, which may or may not include the worst forms of child labor. For more information on sources used, the definition of working children and other indicators used in this report, please see the "Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions" section of this report.
14.Ministère de l'Environnement et du Cadre de Vie (MECV). Analyse Économique du Secteur des Mines Liens Pauvrete et Environnement. Ouagadougou; May 31, 2011.
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25.Thorson, D. Children Working in Mining and Quarries: Evidence from West and Central Africa. New York, UNICEF; April 2012. http://www.sussex.ac.uk/anthropology/people/peoplelists/person/118526.
26.Hubbard, G. In Burkina Faso, getting children out of the gold mines, UNICEF, [online] June 12, 2014 [cited November 7, 2014]; http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/burkinafaso_73787.html.
27.Le Faso. "Travail des enfants : Alerte sur le site granitique de Pissy." lefaso.net [online] June 28, 2011 [cited March 29, 2013]; http://lefaso.net/spip.php?article42729&rubrique4.
28.Radio Television Suisse. Mise au Point: A Ouagadougou, au Burkina Faso, des centaines d'enfants travaillent chaque jour dans une carrière [Video]; September 30, 2012, 7 min., 40 sec., [accessed January 29, 2014]; http://www.rts.ch/video/emissions/mise-au-point/4313454-a-ouagadougou-au-burkina-faso-des-centaines-d-enfants-travaillent-chaque-jour-dans-une-carriere.html.
29.McGlasson, C. "Out of the mine and into the nursery: How charities from the East are bringing hope to Burkina Faso." ITV News, June 4, 2014. http://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2014-06-04/out-of-the-mine-and-into-the-nursery-how-charities-from-the-east-are-bringing-hope-to-burkina-faso/.
30.Government of Burkina Faso. Politique Nationale des Droits Humains et de la Promotion Civique. Ouagadougou; March 2013. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_229298.pdf.
31.Hornemann, S. "Training as Protection for Children in Burkina Faso." tdh.ch [online] January 5, 2011 [cited January 29, 2014]; http://www.tdh.ch/en/news/training-as-protection-for-children-in-burkina-faso.
32.Integrated Regional Information Networks. "Burkina Faso: Young Girls at Risk as they Join Exodus to Cities." IRINnews.org [online] June 4, 2010 [cited January 29, 2014]; http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportID=89367.
33.Integrated Regional Information Networks. "Burkina Faso: Texting to Help Child Domestic Workers." IRINnews.org [online] May 13, 2011 [cited January 29, 2014]; http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=92708.
34.KidsRights. Minors not Miners: Hazardous Child Labour, with a focus on gold mining in Burkina Faso; June 12, 2014. http://www.kidsrights.org/Portals/1/About%20us/KidsRights%20Report-Minors%20Not%20Miners%20digitaal%20def.pdf.
35.UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child: BURKINA FASO. New York; 2010. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC-C-BFA-CO-3-4.pdf.
36.Institut National de la Statistique et de la Demographie, and Banque Africaine de Development. Enquete Qualitative sur la Mendicite dans la Ville Ouagadougou; April 2011.
37.U.S. Embassy- Ouagadougou. reporting, January 21, 2014.
38.Bayala, J-P, M Gaanderse. Burkina Faso. Geneva, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF); 2010. http://www.dcaf.ch/Chapter-Section/Burkina-Faso.
39.U.S. Department of State. "Burkina Faso," in Trafficking in Persons Report- 2014. Washington, DC; June 2014; http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/226845.pdf.
40.Thorson, D. Children Begging for Qur'ānic School Masters: Evidence from West and Central Africa. New York, UNICEF; April 2012. http://www.sussex.ac.uk/anthropology/people/peoplelists/person/118526.
41.ILO-IPEC. Ending child labour in domestic work and protecting young workers from abusive working conditions. Geneva, International Labour Organization; June 12, 2013. http://www.ilo.org/ipecinfo/product/download.do?type=document&id=21515.
42.U.S. Embassy- Ouagadougou. reporting, February 17, 2015.
43.Wara, H. "Lutte contre la traite des enfants: Une seule structure nationale en vue." Faso Presse, Ouagadougou, December 19, 2013. http://fasopresse.net/societe/2877-lutte-contre-la-traite-des-enfants-une-seule-structure-nationale-en-vue?5e90491fecb379c63acce1d6f2f74023=7eb3c2231451fb19917225eb85dcf91c.
44.Tiemtore, T. "Burkina Faso: Les sites miniers concurrencent les bancs d'école." ipsinternational.org [online] December 17, 2012 [cited December 17, 2013]; http://ipsinternational.org/fr/print.asp?idnews=7096.
45.Integrated Regional Information Networks. "Burkina Faso: Gold Rush Hits Education." IRINnews.org [online] August 30, 2012 [cited January 17, 2014]; http://www.irinnews.org/Report/96210/BURKINA-FASO-Gold-rush-hits-education.
46.Melik, J. "Africa Gold Rush Lures Children out of School." bbc.co.uk [online] October 11, 2012 [cited March 29, 2013]; http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19870729.
47.AFP. "Burkina Faso's child miners dig for gold and a better life." bdlive.co.za [online] March 27, 2014 [cited Jnauary 11, 2015];
48.J. de Hoop, and F. Rosati. Does Promoting School Attendance Reduce Child Labour? Evidence from Burkina Faso's BRIGHT Project. Bonn, IZA- Institute for the Study of Labor; May 2012. Report No. 6601. http://ftp.iza.org/dp6601.pdf.
49.UNICEF Burkina Faso. "25 years of child rights the right to a name, and a birth certificate." unicefburkinafaso.wordpress.com [online] November 13, 2014 [cited January 11, 2015]; http://unicefburkinafaso.wordpress.com/2014/11/13/25-years-of-child-rights-the-right-to-a-name-and-a-birth-certificate/.
50.UNICEF. Birth Registration Fact Sheet: Burkina Faso; 2014. https://unicefburkinafaso.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/birth-registration-burkina-faso_fact-sheet-aug-2014.pdf.
51.European Commission. "Providing children with their 'first right': new EU project to ensure birth registration in eight countries." Brussels, July 5, 2012. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-743_en.htm.
52.IRIN. "BURKINA FASO: Education, not handouts." Integrated Regional Information Networks, Ouagadougou, May 12, 2010. http://www.irinnews.org/report/89071/burkina-faso-education-not-handouts.
53.Antonowicz, L. Too Often in Silence: A Report on School-Based Violence in West and Central Africa. London, Save the Children Sweden, Plan International, Act!onaid, and UNICEF; March 2010. http://plan-international.org/about-plan/resources/publications/campaigns/too-often-in-silence-a-report-on-school-based-violence-in-west-and-central-africa.
54.Terre des Hommes. "Burkina Faso: Rentrée scolaire pour des centaines d'enfants réfugiés maliens." tdh.ch [online] November 15, 2012 [cited January 29, 2014]; http://www.tdh.ch/fr/news/burkina-faso-rentree-scolaire-pour-des-centaines-denfants-refugies-maliens.
55.Terre des Hommes. Armed Conflict: 25,000 Malian Child Refugees Drop out of School, CRIN, [online] January 6, 2012 [cited March 29, 2013]; http://www.crin.org/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=28604&flag=news.
56.Smith, D. "Power struggle in Burkina Faso after Blaise Compaoré resigns as president." The Guardian, London, November 1, 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/31/burkina-faso-president-blaise-compaore-ousted-says-army.
57.Berman, R. "A Coup in Burkina Faso." The Atlantic, October 31, 2014. http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/10/a-coup-in-burkina-faso/382192/.
58.BBC. "Burkina Faso declares Michel Kafando interim president." bbc.com [online] November 17, 2014 [cited 2014]; http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30076907.
59.Al Jazeera. "Burkina Faso appoints transitional government." aljazeera.com [online] November 24, 2014 [cited http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/11/burkina-faso-appoints-transitional-government-20141123225514740864.html.
60.Government of Burkina Faso. Code du travail, Loi n° 028-2008, enacted May 13, 2008.
61.Government of Burkina Faso. Portant détermination de la liste des travaux dangereux interdits aux enfants au Burkina Faso, Decree No. 2009-365/PRES/PM/MTSS/MS/MASSN enacted May 28, 2009. [hardcopy on file].
62.Government of Burkina Faso. Loi Portant Repression de la Vente d'Enfants, de la Prostitution des Enfants et de la Pornographie Mettant en Scene des Enfants, Loi N° 011-2014/AN, enacted April 17, 2014. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/98001/116475/F-1511397845/BFA-98001.pdf.
63.Government of Burkina Faso. Law on the Fight Against Trafficking Of Persons and Similar Practices, Law No. 029-2008/AN, enacted May 15, 2008.
64.Burkina Faso. Decree N° 2013-358/PRES/PM/MDNAC portant organisation des opérations relatives à l'appel du contingent JO N° 34 du 22 Aôut 2013, enacted April 29, 2013. [source on file].
65.Government of Burkina Faso. Portant loi d'orientation de l'education, Law No. 013-2007/AN, enacted July 30, 2007.
66.Child Soldiers International. Louder than words. Oxford, Oxuniprint; 2012. http://www.child-soldiers.org/global_report_reader.php?id=562.
67.Department of State official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. December 15, 2014.
68.Ambassade du Burkina Faso. Memorandum on Child Labor Control in Burkina Faso; June 2012.
69.Government of Burkina Faso official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. November 10, 2015.
70.Ouedraogo, A. "Lutte contre la traite des enfants dans le Noumbiel." AIB, Batie, December 24, 2014. http://www.aib.bf/m-2059-lutte-contre-la-traite-des-enfants-dans-le-noumbiel.html.
71.ECPAT International, Association Burkinabé pour la Survie de l'Enfance (ABSE). Alternative report on the implementation of the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and pornography: Burkina Faso.; April 2012. http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CRC-OP-SC/Shared%20Documents/BFA/INT_CRC-OP-SC_NGO_BFA_13956_E.pdf.
72.U.S. Embassy- Ouagadougou official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. May 20, 2014.
73.U.S. Embassy- Ouagadougou. reporting, February 20, 2014.
74.U.S. Embassy- Ouagadougou. reporting, February 1, 2013.
75.Kindo, N. "REPRODEN : Au Burkina Faso, un enfant sur trois a un risque eleve de mourir de la malnutrition." Burkina 24, Ouagadougou, June 3, 2014. http://burkina24.com/2014/06/03/reproden-au-burkina-faso-un-enfant-sur-trois-a-un-risque-eleve-de-mourir-de-la-malnutrition/.
76.Government of Burkina Faso. Droits de l'enfant : Les députés membres du REPRODEN se forment en matière d'interpellation du gouvernement, National Assembly Burkina Faso, [online] [cited January 11, 2014]; http://www.assembleenationale.bf/spip.php?article785.
77.ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request concerning Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81) Burkina Faso (ratification: 1974) Published: 2013; accessed January 11, 2015; http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID:3084384:NO.
78.ILO-IPEC. Contribuer à l'abolition du travail des enfants en Afrique francophone Recueil des bonnes pratiques. Geneva; 2010.
79.Embassy of Burkina Faso official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. April 20, 2015.
80.Embassy of Burkina Faso official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. February 6, 2013.
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82.ILO. ECOWAS Ministers of labour and social welfare adopt a regional action plan on child labour, specially its worst forms. Press Release. Geneva; December 12, 2012. http://www.ilo.org/ipec/Events/WCMS_195519/lang--en/index.htm.
83.ILO-IPEC. ECOWAS Regional Action Plan for the elimination of Child Labour - Especially the worst forms. Geneva; June 2013. http://www.ilo.org/ipecinfo/product/viewProduct.do?productId=25558.
84.ECOWAS. Member States Meeting on the Implementation of the Regional Action Plan on the Elimination of Child Labour December 2014. December 16-18, 2014.
85.Government of Burkina Faso. Stratégie de Croissance Accélérée et de Développement Durable 2011-2015. Ouagadougou; 2011. http://www.pnud.bf/FR/scadd.html.
86.Ouattara, D. Fight against cross-border child trafficking, [blog] October 31, 2013 [cited 2013 November 23,]; http://www.dominiqueouattara.ci/en/news/fight-against-cross-border-child-trafficking.
87.U.S. Embassy- Abidjan. reporting, November 8, 2012.
88.Government of Burkina Faso, Government of Cote d'Ivoire. Traite d'Amitie et de Cooperation Republique de Cote d'Ivoire-Burkina Faso. Ouagadougou; July 30, 2014
89.ILO. Programme pays de promotion du travail decent au Burkina Faso 2012-2015. Geneva. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/program/dwcp/download/burkinafaso.pdf.
90.ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request concerning Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) Burkina Faso (ratification: 1999) Published: 2013; accessed February 3, 2014; http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/.
91.US Department of Labor awards $5 million grant to combat child labor in Burkina Faso, U.S. Department of Labor, [online] December 17, 2012 [cited January 24, 2013]; http://www.dol.gov/opa/media/press/ilab/ILAB20122472.htm.
92.Counterpart International. Reducing Child Labor through Education and Services (R-CLES). Project Document; 2012.
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94.ILO-IPEC. Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II Technical Progress Report. Geneva; March 2014.
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96.ILO-IPEC. Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation through ECOWAS II. Project Document. Geneva; 2010.
97.Terre des Hommes official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. January 30, 2013.
98.Terre des Hommes. "Burkina Faso: What is Terre des hommes doing to protect children working in mines?" [online] October 21, 2014 [cited January 11, 2015]; http://www.tdh.ch/en/news/burkina-faso-what-is-terre-des-hommes-doing-to-protect-children-working-in-mines.
99.Burkina Faso: Country Program 200163 (2011-2015), World Food Program, [online] [cited January 24, 2014]; http://www.wfp.org/countries/Burkina-Faso/Operations.
100.UNICEF Burkina Faso. "Le Représentant de l'UNICEF en visite au CentreNord." unicef.org [online] 2013 [cited January 11, 2015]; http://www.unicef.org/bfa/french/media_7407.html.
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102.Sidwaya. "Lutte contre la traite et les pires formes du travail des enfants : l'heure de la répression dans la Bougouriba." A Ouaga, Ouagadougou, February 5, 2014. http://news.aouaga.com/h/21029.html.
103.USAID. "USAID Announces RISE: A New Initiative to Build Resilience in West Africa's Sahel." February 3, 2014. http://www.usaid.gov/news-information/press-releases/feb-3-2014-usaid-announces-rise-new-initiative-build-resilience-west-africa-sahel.
104.USAID. "RISE: Resilience in the Sahel Enhanced." February 3, 2014. http://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/RISE_resilience_in_the_sahel_enhanced_.pdf.
Labor Rights in Burkina Faso
Learn what we are doing to to protect the rights of workers
Burkina Faso's List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced


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With 1.7 million freelancers, we'll match you with the perfect talent.
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Strayer Scholarship for books, tablet or computer, transprotation, private pilot school funding, small business and franchise funds; etc./ I have a lot of information available; just need experienced assistance for time constraints!
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text:
Constant Lambert
20 of 31 portraits of Constant Lambert
© Wyndham Lewis and the estate of the late Mrs G A Wyndham Lewis by kind permission of the Wyndham Lewis Memorial Trust (a registered charity)
Constant Lambert
after (Percy) Wyndham Lewis
lithograph, 1932
14 3/4 in. x 10 7/8 in. (376 mm x 275 mm) paper size
Purchased, 1933
Reference Collection
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Sitterback to top
- Constant Lambert (1905-1951), Composer, conductor and critic. Sitter in 31 portraits.
Artistback to top
- (Percy) Wyndham Lewis (1882-1957), Painter and novelist. Artist associated with 39 portraits, Sitter in 18 portraits.
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Definitions for accident waiting to happen
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word accident waiting to happen
accident waiting to happen(Noun)
A thing or situation which is almost certain to eventually lead to an accident
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text:
The Fox and Fish... by littlecherry2810Watch
©2008-2016 littlecherry2810
Its just a pic of fox...
But i think the fox looked like a cat... huhu...
But i think the fox looked like a cat... huhu...
lmao i love it! i have to show this to one of my friends!!!
its so cuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuteeee!!!!
muakacii *crinkx* *crinxs* (terharu)
Cute ^^
love it's expression ^0^
love it's expression ^0^
Half fox, half cat haha
so cute
so cute
aww, that's so cute .. really cute
AW! So cute, I love foxes <3
Very cute ^^
ooh, c'est tres mignon! Kawaii! Very cute!
Aww that's so cute! >3<
It's so nice and shiny~
It's so nice and shiny~
Awwwww.This is too cute!!!
this is so damn cute


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Let me set the scene: your friend John is rushing to get his daughter from school and his son to the soccer field, and he still needs to stop at the grocery store because there's nothing in the fridge. In the midst of this everyday madness, he gets a text message from Google with a verification code. He thinks, "That's weird. Maybe I should log in to my email and see what's going on."
If you're in Kansas City, Missouri on July 11-14, come see the FTC at the annual National Council of La Raza conference.
Let's be honest: I spend more time playing games on my smart phone than talking on it. Our phones have become our family photo albums, personal gaming systems, calendars, encyclopedias, navigators, and instant messengers. If you can think of an activity, there's probably an app for it.
Unfortunately, some apps might not be what they claim, and downloading the wrong app could put your phone on the fritz. According to the FTC, that's what happened to thousands of people who downloaded the Prized app before it was removed from the app store.
We've all heard the ads saying that 15 minutes can save you 15%. Some ads claim to save you more in even less time. Well, the FTC can save you lots of headaches in about a minute and a half. We recently released new short videos explaining the basics about three topics that affect millions of us.
If you shop online — and who doesn't? — you might notice that some websites let you pay with bitcoins. Virtual or crypto currencies like Bitcoin can be a fast way to pay online, or in person with a mobile app.
But using virtual currencies comes with risk. Their value goes up and down — sometimes sharply — depending on demand. In addition, payments made with virtual currencies aren't reversible and don't have the same legal protections as some traditional payment methods. Once you hit send, you can't get your money back unless the seller agrees. That's why it's important to know who you're buying from and what policies they have regarding refunds, returns, and disputes.
You just got an email saying your information was exposed in the OPM data breach. Wondering whether the email is the real deal or not? Here are a few things to look for.
A data breach at the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) – and you're a current or former federal employee whose personal information may have been exposed. What should you do? Take a deep breath. Here are the steps to take.
Imagine you're at a restaurant with your friend. She pays the check, and says you can pay her back. Do you:a) write an IOU on a napkin?b) pull out a wad of cash and give her exact change?c) take out your phone and pay her through a mobile payment app?
If you answered c), this post is for you.
Like apps that let you pay at stores with your phone, "peer-to-peer" payment services can be a convenient way to pay friends. But before you use one — or use one again — check the app's settings for available security features.
As May ends, we're wrapping up Older Americans Month, with its theme "get into the act." But it's not too late for older Americans to get into the act online. If you're an older adult who's active online (or maybe you know one), here are some online safety tips to share.
Thanks to emails and calls from people who sensed something wasn't right, we've heard that an FTC imposter scam we've written about before is back.
The email tells you there's a complaint against your business, and wants you to click on a link. Here's what one of the scammy emails said:
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is the nation's consumer protection agency. The FTC works to prevent fraudulent, deceptive and unfair business practices in the marketplace.
Share Our Resources. Here's How >
File a Complaint with the FTC >


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One of the Regency genre's brightest new stars delivers a compelling love story impeccably rooted in the mores of the times.
It is a desperate time for Charles, Lord Rathbone. For years he has counted on a promised inheritance from his maternal grandmother to restore his estate and provide the foundation for the life of a gentleman he has been raised to expect. Now, however, he has been summoned to her deathbed and informed that unless he comes up with a wife there will be no inheritance at all.
Fate intervenes in the form of Lady Melissa Stapleton, a young lady fleeing the attentions of her wastrel brother's drunken friends. In a chance encounter at a small inn, Charles conceives what appears to be a brilliant idea-the girl he knows as Harriet can accompany him and be introduced as his prospective bride.
Little do either of them realize that both will be trapped by an ever-growing pile of lies that only the truest of love can overcome.
Although some romance fans may cavil at the hero's extended ambiguity of motivation, even the most demanding of readers will shed tears of joy when he earns his happy ending in a passionately intense resolution. (July, 224 pp., $4.99)


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OSHA Online Certification – Hard Hat Training
No one provides better online training than Hard Hat Training. Period. If you need to get certified quickly with an effective OSHA qualified program you have found the right place. There are a lot of companies that will sell you a 10 minute simplified course; we are not one of them! It is our belief that you should be well prepared for your practical evaluation. These online training classes are the best in the industry giving you the comprehensive information needed to stay safe and meet OSHA's standards.
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- Moving at your pace: No more all-day training courses. Finish it now, or save it for later.
- Simplicity: All of our Hard Hat Training classes are straightforward and easy to navigate.
- Continuous Updates: All of our courses are updated to reflect the latest OSHA regulations. When the rules change, you'll know.
- Certificate of Completion: When your training is complete, you'll receive a certificate to keep for your personal records.
Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat does each online class cover?A specific table of contents per course can be viewed under the image to your left. Generally speaking, though, each course covers the following: 1. Overview of the Course/Introduction to the Equipment 2. Anatomy including pre-shift inspections 3. Stability Principles 4. Common Hazards/Accident Profiles 5. Safe Operation 6. Rigging and Hand Signals (for crane courses only).
How long is the course?Trainees go at their own pace, but in general each class (including the exam) takes anywhere from 1.5 to 2 hours. We recommend planning for two or more so you don't end up rushing through the exam.
Are these courses OSHA-compliant?Yes, all of our Hard Hat Training online courses were built and continue to be updated by our trainers and inspectors using OSHA and ANSI guidelines.
Are the e-learning classes up-to-date with OSHA standards?Yes, all of our Hard Hat Training online courses are up-to-date with the latest OSHA standards. As standards change, so we make changes to the courses. If you purchase any of our online courses outright, though, it will then be your responsibility to update the course in accordance with any changes to the standard.
Does this course certify or qualify me?There is a lot of confusion among operators and even companies about what it means to be certified or qualified. Simply put, no, a course does not certify anyone, only an employer does. Or, in other words, because it is the employer's responsibility to make sure an employee is properly trained, it is also his or her responsibility to say when the employee is "certified," "qualified," or "competent." The online courses, like our training kits on CD or even live training via a 3rd party, is just a tool to help them in doing so.
According to OSHA, all operators of heavy equipment must receive operator training. Proper training must include a classroom portion including a written exam, as well as a practical hands-on portion/exam wherein the operator is observed operating the machine. The online course satisfies the required classroom portion of the training. Upon completion of the course and written exam, the safety administrator of the company will receive a checklist which can be used to observe the trainee on the machine. When done successfully, the administrator signs the bottom of the form. At this point, unless further training is required by your employer, you have done everything required by OSHA to be considered by your employer as "certified," "qualified," or "competent."
If I pass this class and exam can I take my certification and get a job anywhere?See "Does this course certify me?" This will depend on your employer. Remember, it is their responsibility to see that you are trained and if there is ever an accident, it is they who will have to prove to OSHA that they trained you sufficiently. Because of this, while some smaller businesses may simply accept your certificate and a copy of your test, more often than not they will require you to go through their own training program. This is their right to do so. It is their further responsibility to train you in accordance with the job, site, equipment, etc. Having said that, we have fielded many calls from potential employers who wanted to learn more about the classroom portion of the training we offered. After hearing our explanation, they accepted the online class as satisfying the classroom portion of the required training and proceeded to do their own practical.
How long is the training good for?OSHA standards dictate that safety certification needs to be completed at least once every three years. Since no online course can provide "certification," these courses will combine with your onsite practical training to fulfill OSHA's requirements for up to three years. Having said that, refresher training is required sooner if an employee changes sites or jobs, is asked to operate a different type of the equipment, is involved in a near-miss or accident, or is observed operating the machine in a dangerous manner.
Will I get a certificate?Yes, upon successful completion of the course and exam, you will have immediate electronic access to your test, a certificate, and a checklist you can use for the practical hands-on portion of the training. Simply print them off.
How many people can use this course? Can I play it for several employees at the same time?When a course is assigned to an employee, only that employee can take the course. There are many reasons for this, but most importantly the course is designed to train that one employee per OSHA regulations. Also, there is a final written exam at the end that will be linked to the trainee assigned. OSHA requires proof of training and if multiple people were to sit in on that one course, they would not get credit for taking it.
Can I customize the classes?Your business's learning portal can be completely customized for your employees including colors and logo. Additionally, if you purchase our courses outright to be used on your own company LMS (learning management system), you also get the right to rebuild them and customize them to meet your own needs. If you have Adobe Captivate, which we use to build our courses, customization is even easier.
All of our online courses are designed to be SCORM-compatible and can be easily uploaded to your company's current SCORM-friendly LMS. You can license their use annually or purchase them outright. Licensing or purchasing them outright does not, however, give you the right to resell or distribute our courses to parties other than those whom you are training.
If we buy or license the eLearning courses for use on our own LMS, can you customize them for us?Yes, we have done and continue to do this for clients. Pricing depends on the extent of customization requested. Please contact us for a quote.
We are currently working on an unlimited training subscription option, but it is not quite ready to go. In the meantime, we offer tiered and custom pricing based on the size of your company and the number of different training courses you will be accessing.
Can I resell these trainings?We do have resale options available. Click here to contact us regarding resale opportunities.
OSHA Compliant
We built our online training programs so that you can meet OSHA's requirements for classroom training. These are completely OSHA compliant online safety training programs to prep you for your practical evaluation. Don't settle for products that lack the details necessary to meet OSHA's standards; get Hard Hat Training Certified today!


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Are you Jian-Hua Ding?Claim your profile
Publications (1)3.75 Total impact
Article: Perineal Rectosigmoidectomy for Primary and Recurrent Rectal Prolapse: Are the Results Comparable the Second Time?[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The surgical approach to recurrent full-thickness rectal prolapse after perineal rectosigmoidectomy is complicated by recurrent prolapse. The majority of patients who undergo perineal rectosigmoidectomy are elderly with comorbidities. Therefore, redo perineal rectosigmoidectomy is usually selected to avoid postoperative complications. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of redo perineal rectosigmoidectomy for recurrent full-thickness rectal prolapse. This is a retrospective cohort study. This study was conducted at Cleveland Clinic Florida, from January 2000 to March 2009. One hundred thirty-six patients (129 women), mean age 78 (range, 31-98) years, were included in the study; 113 patients with full-thickness rectal prolapse underwent primary perineal rectosigmoidectomy, and 23 patients with recurrent full-thickness rectal prolapse underwent redo perineal rectosigmoidectomy. All patients underwent perineal rectosigmoidectomy. Perioperative outcomes, recurrence curves, and risk of recurrence were compared between the 2 groups. Age, anterior compartment prolapse, concurrent levatorplasty, and length of bowel resection were analyzed to identify factors potentially influencing recurrence. Both groups had comparable demographics, BMI, and ASA scores. Operative time, blood loss, length of bowel resection, hospital stay, and follow-up (mean, 42.5 months) were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in overall complication rates (redo perineal rectosigmoidectomy 17.4% vs. primary perineal rectosigmoidectomy 16.8%; p = 1.00). The recurrence rate for full-thickness rectal prolapse was significantly higher for redo perineal rectosigmoidectomy than primary perineal rectosigmoidectomy (39% vs. 18%; p = 0.007). None of the factors analyzed was associated with recurrence in either group. This study was limited by its retrospective methodology. In addition, functional outcomes were not evaluated, because many of the patients died during the follow-up period or were unavailable because of advanced age. Redo perineal rectosigmoidectomy is as safe and feasible as primary perineal rectosigmoidectomy in elderly and fragile patients with recurrent full-thickness rectal prolapse. However, the re-recurrence rate for full-thickness rectal prolapse is substantially higher for redo perineal rectosigmoidectomy than primary perineal rectosigmoidectomy.
Top Journals
Second Artillery Corps General HospitalPeping, Beijing, China


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Hudson's Bay Company has appointed Andrea Wong as a director of the company. Including Wong, who is considered an independent director, the board is now made up of 10 directors.
Kmart is celebrating its inclusion in the summer comedy, "Grown Ups 2" by offering one Shop Your Way member a chance to be an extra in a future Sony Pictures Entertainment film.


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American English: /ˈboʊˌstrɪŋ/ British English: /ˈbəʊstrɪŋ/
Translation of bowstring in Spanish:
- cuerda (feminine) del arcoExample sentences
- Always use the manufacturer's recommended number of strands in the bowstring for the draw weight of the bow.
- Split the bowstring strands at the marked location in line with the bow.
- To release the arrow correctly, the fingers holding the bowstring must allow the string to slip off the fingers.
Definition of bowstring in:
- British & World English dictionary
- US English dictionary
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= trending


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Arizona Coyotes
The Pulse: Most expect Suns to reach playoffs
Every day, ArizonaSports.com asks readers a question. It's the Sanderson Ford Poll Question of the Day, and it can be found midway down the right side of our home page.
On Wednesday, we wanted to know: Will either the Phoenix Suns or Phoenix Coyotes make the playoffs? Will both?
As their seasons wind down and playoff races heat up, which Arizona team will reach the postseason?
And after tallying 565 votes, there was real optimism for both.
While 32 percent of voters expected just the Suns to make the postseason, 194 fans (representing 34 percent) anticipated a berth for both the Coyotes and the Suns.
Only 19 percent outed themselves as the pessimists who expect neither team to make the playoffs while 15 percent (84) foresaw a berth for the Coyotes and not the Suns.
You can follow the playoff races on ArizonaSports.com for up-to-date standings breakdowns:
•Suns 2014 Postseason Prospects: The Western Conference Race
•Western Conference Wild Card Watch: Phoenix Coyotes edition
Most Popular
Coyotes Audio
Shane Doan, Coyotes' Captain
Wednesday February 10
Shane Doan discusses what the Coyotes need to do to get back on track.
Dave Tippett, Arizona Coyotes Head Coach
Wednesday February 10
Tippett discusses what it will take for the Coyotes to make a playoff push
Don Maloney, Coyotes general manager
Wednesday February 10
Don Maloney says the ultimate goal is still to win the Stanley Cup.
Shane Doan, Coyotes' Captain
Wednesday February 3
Shane Doan discusses the second half of the Coyotes' season.
Dave Tippett, Coyotes head coach
Wednesday February 3
Tippett talks about why the young guys deserve an opportunity to play down the stretch
Monday February 1
See who won the "This is Why I Hate Computers" award, the "Dumbest Man Alive" award and more
Shane Doan, Coyotes' Captain
Wednesday January 27
Shane Doan discusses how he will be spending his All-Star break.
Dave Tippett, Arizona Coyotes Head Coach
Wednesday January 27
Tippett assesses the Coyotes' season so far as the team heads into the All-Star break
Anthony LeBlanc, Arizona Coyotes President and CEO
Wednesday January 27
Anthony LeBlanc says discussion surrounding a new arena are "getting serious" lately.
Shane Doan, Coyotes' Captain
Wednesday January 20
Shane Doan discusses what the night Doan 380 will mean to him.


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Are you Marshall S McGoff?Claim your profile
Publications (1)3.02 Total impact
Article: High-Resolution Structure of a Protein Spin-Label in a Solvent-Exposed β-Sheet and Comparison with DEER Spectroscopy[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: X-ray crystallography has been a useful tool in the development of site-directed spin labeling by resolving rotamers of the nitroxide spin-label side chain in a variety of α-helical environments. In this work, the crystal structure of a doubly spin-labeled N8C/K28C mutant of the B1 immunoglobulin-binding domain of protein G (GB1) was solved. The double mutant formed a domain-swapped dimer under crystallization conditions. Two rotameric states of the spin-label were resolved at the solvent-exposed α-helical site, at residue 28; these are in good agreement with rotamers previously reported for helical structures. The second site, at residue 8 on an interior β-strand, shows the presence of three distinct solvent-exposed side-chain rotamers. One of these rotamers is rarely observed within crystal structures of R1 sites and suggests that the H(α) and S(δ) hydrogen bond that is common to α-helical sites is absent at this interior β-strand residue. Variable temperature continuous wave (CW) experiments of the β-strand site showed two distinct components that were correlated to the rotameric states observed in crystallography. Interestingly, the CW data at room temperature could be fit without the use of an order parameter, which is consistent with the lack of the H(α) and S(δ) interaction. Additionally, double electron electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy was performed on the GB1 double mutant in its monomeric form and yielded a most probable interspin distance of 25 ± 1 Å. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the measured DEER distance, the rotamers observed in the crystal structure of the domain-swapped GB1 dimer were modeled into a high-resolution structure of the wild type monomeric GB1. The distances generated in the resulting GB1 structural models match the most probable DEER distance within ~2 Å. The results are interesting as they indicate by direct experimental measurement that the rotameric states of R1 found in this crystal provide a very close match to the most probable distance measured by DEER.
Top Journals
- Biochemistry (1)
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Chemistry


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Great Magazine
posted 5 years ago
I started getting this magazine last year. I have found some wonderful homemade dog food recipes, great articles, and I just love the pictures of the smiling dogs.
Pros: They hit on all subjects from puppy mills to organic food for your dog.
Cons: none
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My dog and I love it
posted 6 years ago
Its full of great stories and great tips on training and understanding your dog. I love the one a months ago focused on taking care of your older pet, and the one a while ago clearing up animal sickness myths, great stuff.
Pros: I learn lots of facts for better dog care
Cons: ....
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I've used this product on rescued dogs for years. My last large dog rescued had been an outdoor dog her entire life, living among Lamas where she picked up tapeworms. This product expelled several 2 … more ›
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July 14, 2013 | By Xiaoxiao111
Pink is my favorite color these are wonderful.I will recommend a good website fou you: www.9footballshirt.org


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The Lown Scholars Program was established in honor of Dr. Bernard Lown, a world-renowned cardiologist and activist, whose career has advanced public health globally. The Program is designed to create an international cadre of talented health professionals in low and middle income countries (LMICs) who will use public health tools and strategies to prevent non-communicable diseases, particularly diseases of the cardiovascular system, and promote lifelong health. Our goal is to encourage and support teaching, research and training that will help prevent disease around the world, especially in LMICs.
Since its establishment in 2008, The Lown Scholars Program has supported the work of more than two dozen scholars from Asia, Latin America, Africa and the Middle East. Our support has facilitated numerous productive long term collaborations between the Scholars and Harvard Chan School faculty members.
The Lown Scholars Program Funds Visiting Scholars and Fellows
Lown Visiting Scholars are scientists, clinicians or policy makers who have a position in their home country. Most are not degree candidates at the Harvard Chan School. They may be relatively junior professionals who are seeking to develop their skills as they launch their careers, or they may be well established leaders in their home countries who wish to work with peer researchers at the Harvard Chan School, or they may fall somewhere in between. They spend variable amounts of time – typically a few weeks to a few months – working with a mentor at the Harvard Chan School for additional training or collaboration that will further their work in the field of non-communicable disease prevention. While scholars are funded one year at a time, the awards are renewable, and often continue for several years.
Lown Fellows typically have interests that are aligned with the goals of the Lown Scholars Program, but do not meet the full criteria to become a Lown Scholar. For example applicants who have not developed a relationship with a mentor may be offered modest funding to take summer courses or other short courses run by the Harvard Chan School. This provides them with an opportunity to become acquainted with various Chan School faculty members, and often leads to a successful application to be a Lown Visiting Scholar. Other fellows are Harvard Chan School students or visitors from LMICs who are temporarily residing in Boston. They are typically funded to carry out a small project with a faculty member, which may lay the groundwork for more extensive work as a Lown Visiting Scholar.
Criteria for Becoming a Lown Scholar
Most important: The Lown Program is designed to train scholars who are living and working in a LMIC. People who plan to stay in the United States or another high income country should not apply for this program.
The Lown Scholars Program provides funding for training and mentoring to clinicians, scientists, policy makers, nurses and other health practitioners in the fields of nutrition, epidemiology, pathophysiology and optimal management of non-communicable disease. The program focuses on the primary and secondary prevention of non-comunicable diseases, with a focus on conditions that affect the cardiovascular system. This is achieved by integrated multidisciplinary training and collaborations encompassing the fields of physiology, nutrition, epidemiology, environmental health, noninvasive clinical cardiology, economics and health care delivery. The Program enables scholars to return to their home countries or another LMIC to implement preventive strategies related to non-communicable disease and to practice cost-effective, evidence-based public health. The scholars serve as role models in their communities, advocating a preventive approach to non-communicable disease.
While at the Harvard Chan School, Lown Scholars are encouraged to identify innovative applications of nutritional, biologic, behavioral and health policy approaches to the clinical practice and public policy dimensions of cardiovascular disease. They design and execute a research project relevant to or located in their home country or another LMIC, and participate in selected appropriate courses and activities.
Since Lown Scholars come from a variety of backgrounds and have varied career objectives, the Program is flexible in terms of content. Nonetheless, Lown Scholars share common experiences and a vision that binds them together. The Program also connects them with past Lown Scholars through periodic symposia known as Lown Colloquia, as well as through an ongoing expanding global network.
Lown scholars are also expected to participate in a January term course on the prevention of non-communicable disease, which is organized by a member of the Lown Scholar community. Recent Lown Visiting Professor K. Srinath Reddy, president of the Public Health Foundation of India, hosted the course in New Delhi in January of 2013 '14 and '15.
A list of low and middle income countries can be found here.


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Fire Shark
|Fire Shark
Zame! Zame! Zame!
European arcade flyer of Fire Shark.
|Arcade, Mega Drive
|Release date(s)
|Shoot 'em up
|1 Player
Fire Shark, released in Japan as Zame! Zame! Zame! (鮫!鮫!鮫!?), is a 1989 shoot 'em up arcade game developed and published by Toaplan. The player controls a biplane and builds up a score by shooting a variety of military targets.
It is considered the sequel to Flying Shark.
In the arcade version, one summer night in 1991, an enemy fleet known as the Strange Fleet approached a small island of the Mediterranean Sea. When it arrived, very few saw the Strange Fleet. Two years later, while the Stranger Fleet expanded itself, it created a world war. It is unknown by everyone around the world who noticed the attacks of the Strange Fleet. As the Strange Fleet continues their assault, many against them cried "Fire Shark! Fire Shark! It's time to take off!! Beat them for our sake. Go! Go! Fire Shark!"
In the Mega Drive port, in the year 19X9, on an alternate Earth, a global super-power known as the S Corps, which specializes in a heavy industrial army, begins invading various countries. All seems lost when a phantom pilot flying a super-powered biplane called the Fire Shark flies in to save the world from domination.
The mission is divided into ten stages, each possessing a different setting. Players must destroy every enemy that crosses their path between kamikaze enemy monoplanes and, land and sea vehicles. Like most vertical scrolling shooters, the player had no physical obstructions to face aside from the planes and zeppelins they all ready fought. Players can increase their bomb count, the speed via pick-ups. Players can hold up to ten bombs and can acquire extra lives from accumulating their score. The game has a checkpoint system that once a player dies, they have to restart at the closest checkpoint they passed. Once all ten stages are complete, the player is offered a chance to replay the game at a higher difficulty.
This game was later ported to the Mega Drive in 1990 by Toaplan in Japan, published by Dreamworks in North America.
The Mega Drive version was well received when it was released, earning a rating of 8.25 in Electronic Gaming Monthly.[citation needed]


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I'll start with http://cinelerra.org/ since it's top of the line of the free apps.
If only Windows then another look at Virtual Dub but many of today's users would be put off by it. It does work, it is free but it is WORK.
For a little money, check out Sony Movie Studio HD.
Hi There,
I would be grateful for any help anyone might be able to provide.
I am looking for a piece of video editing software, where I am able to "cut" the piece of film into smaller clips and then paste them together to make an edited version of the raw version that I have now.
Basically, I have taken recorded clips from my cam-corder (Hitachi Hybrid DVD/HDD) via VLC as I have lost the original piece of software that cam with the cam-corder (Vision Mixer 3). These recorded clips have been extracted as one 5.5hr "clip"
Ideally, I would like this software to be free even if its on a limited trial period. The main thing that I want is to be able to cut and paste this 5.5hr "clip"
many thanks for your anticipated help


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Kawasaki W800 is an excellent solution for those who want to ride a motorcycle perfect classic looks and not think about the reliability of a true standard motorcycle. Simple classic lines W800 make it an ideal platform for a variety of processing.
Displacement 773cc, air-cooled, two-cylinder, four-stroke, one camshaft and four valves per cylinder. Power 48 hp at 6500 rmp and maximum torque of 60 Nm at 2500 RMP. Electronic ignition with the throttle bodies. Transmission 5-speed with a clutch of multi-disc in oil bath.
Frame is tubular steel, front suspension telescopic fork tubes with diameters of 39mm and walk of 130mm and rear suspension fork with two dampers, 106mm walk. Front tires 100/90-19 and rear 130/80-18 tires. Front brake with 300mm disc and caliper with two pistons and the rear brake drum diameter 160mm. Weight 217 kg fuel tank capacity 14 liters.
From every corner W800 fits the image that we have of classic motorcycles from 50 years ago. Motorcycle does not exploit all the benefits of modern technology nor aspires to sports results. We're talking about a motorcycle that will enhance the lives of those who use less hectic lifestyle.
Protection from wind noticeably absent, with the top lame brings carefully designed details like tank with rubber cushions and some nice emblem. Chrome exhaust system perfectly made and is almost completely suppressed the engine. Drum brake is chrome plated and the 60's style. The seat is comfortable and made with wavy trim. Instrument panel boasts nice graphics and tiny LCD is able to absent due to the overall impression of the motorcycle. Control switches are as big and fully consistent with the classical phenomenon.
For those bikers who want to enjoy the outdoors and run without problem could be to decide for the bike though, and the city will not remain unnoticed. Perhaps most important of all the Kawasaki W800 in addition to all the above offers quality and good driveability. With retro thoughtful design quality finish should be noted that the bead colors deep "drowned" under the paint where it is evident that a lot of effort has been invested in the bike.
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Recent Articles by Wests Tigers
Tigers name outfit to tackle Roosters
WESTS Tigers Coach Tim Sheens has named his team to play the Sydney Roosters at Telstra Stadium on Friday, August 10, at 7.30pm, in round 22 of the Telstra Premiership.
Wests Tigers lineup for clash with Titans
WESTS Tigers coach Tim Sheens has named his side for their clash with the Gold Coast this Saturday evening at Carrara Stadium.
Wests Tigers welcome back Benji and Hodgson
THE Wests Tigers are pleased to welcome back captain Brett Hodgson and half Benji Marshall to face the North Queensland Cowboys in Monday Night Football, to be played at the historic Leichhardt Oval.
Women\'s rugby league at Campbelltown Stadium
A women's rugby league exhibition match will be played at Campbelltown Sports Stadium on Sunday, July 22, in the lead-up to the big clash between Wests Tigers and the Warriors
Wests Tigers v Warriors match lineups
TIGERS coach Tim Sheens and Warriors coach Ivan Cleary are pleased to announce their lineups for this weekend's Round 19 clash at Campbelltown Stadium.
Sheens names team to take on Sea Eagles
WESTS Tigers Coach Tim Sheens has moved barnstorming winger Taniela Tuiaki into the second-row for Friday night
Wests Tigers name Round 17 lineup
WESTS Tigers coach Tim Sheens has named his side for their Friday Night Football clash this weekend against the Penrith Panthers. The game at Telstra Stadium kicks off at 7:30pm.
Wests Tigers name Round 14 line-up
WESTS Tigers coach Tim Sheens has named his side to face the Gold Coast Titans this Sunday at Campbelltown Sports Stadium, kicking off at 3:00pm. The match will be delayed on Channel 9 at 4:00pm.
Brett Hodgson to undergo surgery
WESTS Tigers full-back and captain Brett Hodgson will undergo surgery on Tuesday
Tigers team to take on Knights
COACH Tim Sheens has named his team that will take on the Knights in Newcastle on Sunday afternoon.


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Are you Tao Qi?Claim your profile
Publications (1)3.11 Total impact
Article: Polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase, Pnk1, is involved in base excision repair in Schizosaccharomyces pombe[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We previously reported that Schizosaccharomyces pombe pnk1 cells are more sensitive than wild-type cells to γ-radiation and camptothecin, indicating that Pnk1 is required for DNA repair. Here, we report that pnk1pku70 and pnk1rhp51 double mutants are more sensitive to γ-radiation than single mutants, from which we infer that Pnk1's primary role is independent of either homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining mechanisms. We also report that pnk1 cells are more sensitive than wild-type cells to oxidizing and alkylating agents, suggesting that Pnk1 is involved in base excision repair. Mutational analysis of Pnk1 revealed that the DNA 3'-phosphatase activity is necessary for repair of DNA damage, whereas the 5'-kinase activity is dispensable. A role for Pnk1 in base excision repair is supported by genetic analyses which revealed that pnk1apn2 is synthetically lethal, suggesting that Pnk1 and Apn2 may function in parallel pathways essential for the repair of endogenous DNA damage. Furthermore, the nth1pnk1apn2 and tdp1pnk1apn2 triple mutants are viable, implying that single-strand breaks with 3'-blocked termini produced by Nth1 and Tdp1 contribute to synthetic lethality. We also examined the sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate of all single and double mutant combinations of nth1, apn2, tdp1 and pnk1. Together, our results support a model where Tdp1 and Pnk1 act in concert in an Apn2-independent base excision repair pathway to repair 3'-blocked termini produced by Nth1; and they also provide evidence that Pnk1 has additional roles in base excision repair.
Top Journals
- DNA repair (1)
The University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology


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Spin Cycle: Hurricanes, Tornadoes,
and Other Cyclones
Florida is a land that we call paradise, but it happens to be a peninsula sticking down into the middle of something known as Hurricane Highway. Hurricanes are a part of our life, and global warming foretells, for us, an increased intensity of hurricanes and an increased frequency of hurricanes
—Sen. Bill Nelson (D-Fla.), June 8, 2001
In the fall of 2002, how did Tropical Storm Isidore, a weenie by hurricane standards, manage to knock Saddam Hussein off the top of the news? That's because, in news currency, the word "hurricane" rhymes with "war."
Given that in almost every year many hurricanes have the potential to hit U.S. shores, it is astounding how few are real monsters. A really destructive storm, Category 4 or 5 on the 1-to-5 SaffirSimpson rating scale, crosses a U.S. coast about once every seven years or so. The last of the three Category 5s that have hit since good records began in 1872 was Hurricane Andrew in 1992, over a decade ago. But each and every one, monster or not, beneficial or deadly, seems to bump to news story Numero Uno.
There was a signal event that crystallized the relationship between hurricanes and television. In September 1961, big, mean Hurricane Carla blew up southwest of Cuba, somehow managing to avoid the Yucatan Peninsula, a great wrecker of huge storms. As Carla sashayed languorously northwestward through an overheated Gulf of Mexico, the news director for KHOU-TV in Houston, a young fellow by the name of Dan Rather, had an idea. He convinced CBS network headquarters in New York to extend their then 15-minute


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The U.S. has global commitments. Russia has none (although they perilously are playing games with Cuba, Venezuela, and even Iran).
Do we want Japan, Germany, or even Australia to feel compelled to go nuclear? This could be the unintended result if the U.S. disarms too quickly. START disarms the U.S. too quickly.
Why should Obama choose this moment to ink a new arms reduction agreement with the Russians? He seems to have forgotten the classic formulation: There is not mistrust in the world because there are arms; there are arms in the world because there is mistrust.
Liberals have always believed that it is the weapons themselves which constitute the greatest danger to world peace. If that were true, then we should have shuddered at the approach of the HMS Trafalgar, a nuclear submarine capable of launching nuclear-tipped Tomahawk missiles against the U.S. We didn't tremble. That's because Trafalgar was a British submarine, our tried and true allies.
Put very simply, the Russians have done nothing recently to merit our trust. Signing an arms reduction agreement with them now makes no sense. They may not want war, but they want the fruits of war. We should remember what Churchill said in 1946.
I do not believe that Soviet Russia desires war. What they desire is the fruits of war and the indefinite expansion of their power…Our difficulties and dangers will not be removed by closing our eyes to them. They will not be removed by mere waiting to see what happens; nor will they be removed by a policy of appeasement…From what I have seen of our Russian friends and Allies during the war, I am convinced that there is nothing for which they have less respect than for weakness, especially military weakness.
Unless and until the U.S. is securely in the lead—with a due regard to our alliances and obligations—we should not be ratifying any arms reduction agreements with the Russians. Now is not the time to START. It's the time to STOP.


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Announcing Cotton Spandex Jersey!
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WIUN, Indiana University Northwest's Campus Radio Station, has successfully recruited a new team with great new ideas for the future of WIUN Radio and its role within the campus community. Stay tuned for photos of our new staff, plus staff bios to help you get to know them a little better. WIUN features music from independent and major record labels throughout the United States and the world. We play 24/7 online and feature a dedicated stream for live broadcasts of WIUN Sports, Men's and Women's Basketball and Women's Volleyball when in season.
We are looking for new staff members at all times to help us stay up to date with local news and music. We like to be an outlet for local musicians to get their music heard. As Indiana University Northwest's only radio station, we play to the campus community in the Moraine Student Cafeteria and to anyone following us and listening to Indiana University Northwest RedHawk games.
Want to be a part of the team? We have immediate openings in the following areas:
-Music Review & Programming: Members of the Music Review and Programming Committee receive and review music submitted to us from record labels, solicit record labels for upcoming artists, and decide the overall sound of WIUN.
-Sports: WIUN Sports Broadcasters attend games, do live play-by-play, color commentary, and interviews with players and coaches. In the offseason we do shows relating to sports in the Northwest Indiana and Chicagoland region. Other kinds of sports programming are also welcome!
-Outreach: Members of the Outreach department create relationships with student groups on campus to get the latest news of what is going on around campus, coordinate with different programs to stay up to date with their plans to improve the campus community, and create public service announcements and news items to be streamed via our webstream to the campus and the world
-DJ's & Hosts: WIUN Supports programming from independent DJ's playing unique programming covering topics from Jazz to Contemporary Social Issues.
Contact us at [[wiun]] to join our team today! We have weekly meetings & get-togethers to keep up-to-date with committee work.
Like us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/IUNRadio/ Tweet us on Twitter https://twitter.com/WIUNRadio And our Music Blog https://wiunradio.wordpress.com Sign up for our 2016 Sports Dates and Trainings Here: http://goo.gl/forms/Ak3htKHJvG
Operational Hours:
Monday-Friday: varied hours
(219) 981-5600
(219) 980-6579
IU Northwest
Hawthorn Hall, Room 310
3400 Broadway
Gary, Indiana 46408
Emergency 219-980-6501