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Hamm, Alfons O.; Greenwald, Mark K.; Bradley, Margaret M.; Cuthbert, Bruce N.; Lang, Peter J.
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A differential conditioning study examined whether an acoustic startle probe, presented during extinction of an aversively conditioned visual stimulus, potentiated the reflex eyeblink response in humans and whether this potentiation varied with the change in affective valence of the conditioned stimulus. Sixty college students were randomly assigned to view a series of two slides, depicting either unpleasant/highly arousing, unpleasant/moderate arousing, neutral/calm, pleasant/moderate arousing or pleasant/highly arousing scenes and objects (duration: 8 sec). During preconditioning (8 trials) and extinction (24 trials) acoustic startle probes (white noise bursts [50 ms; 95 dBA] were administered during and between slide presentation). During acquisition (16 trials) CS+ was reinforced by an electric shock. Startle response magnitudes significantly increased from preconditioning to extinction and were substantially larger to CS+. Conditioned startle reflex augmentation linearly increased with the pleasantness of the slides. Furthermore, subjects showed a greater post-conditioning increase of judged aversiveness to slides that they had previously reported to be more pleasant, exactly paralleling the startle reflex results.
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Forthun, Larry F.
Blashfield, Roger K.
Bechtel, Gordon G.; Ofir, Chezy
A stochastic postulate is given for the multiple-item, successive-intervals scaling of populations. The logistic equivalent of this postulate provides an aggregate item response model in which a unidimensional submodel may be nested. This reduction provides a subtractive conjoint measurement of several items and stimuli on the same latent scale. Generalized-least-squares methods are used to estimate and test the multiple-item model, and its unidimensional reduction, on aggregate survey responses. The entire procedure is illustrated with an analysis of semantic-differential attitude data. This analysis exhibits an item selection procedure that is applicable to various social constructs.
Jackson, Lee A.; Mascaro, Guillermo F.
This experiment tested the effects of attitude extremity on the functional relationship between level of attitude similarity and interpersonal attraction. It was predicted that persons exhibiting greater attitude extremity would be more attracted to a "bogus" stranger who expressed similar attitudes and less attracted to a stranger expressing dissimilar attitudes than Ss holding more neutral attitudes. The results showed a significant main effect of attitude similarity on attraction, but the hypothesized interaction with attitude extremity was not found to be significant. The data were discussed in the context of other findings in the area.
Whalon, Kelly J.; Conroy, Maureen A.; Martinez, Jose R.; Werch, Brittany L.
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The purpose of this review was to critically examine and summarize the impact of school-based interventions designed to facilitate the peer-related social competence of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reviewed studies employed a single-case experimental design, targeted peer-related social competence, included children 3–12 years old with an ASD, and took place in school settings. Articles were analyzed descriptively and using the evaluative method to determine study quality. Additionally, effect size estimates were calculated using nonoverlap of all pairs method and Tau-U. A total of 37 studies including 105 children were reviewed. Overall, ES estimates ranged from weak to strong, but on average, the reviewed interventions produced a moderate to strong effect, and quality ratings were generally in the acceptable to high range. Findings suggest that children with ASD can benefit from social skill interventions implemented with peers in school settings.
Johnson, Suzanne Bennett; Melamed, Barbara G.
While fear is a necessary and often "healthy" response to a wide variety of situations, at times it can become so debilitating as to be maladaptive. Careful distinctions involving terms such as fear, phobia, and anxiety are not always made. However, there seems to be some general consensus that fear connotes a differentiated response to a specific object or situation. Anxiety is a more diffuse, less focused response, perhaps best described as apprehension without apparent cause. A phobia is a special form of fear that (1) is out of proportion to the demands of the situation, (2) cannot be explained or reasoned away, (3) is beyond voluntary control, and (4) leads to avoidance of the feared situation (Marks, 1969).
Wayland, Ratree; Landfair, David; Li, Bin; Guion, Susan G.
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The influence of syllabic structure, lexical class and stress patterns of known words on the acquisition of the English stress system was investigated in ten native Thai speakers. All participants were adult learners of English with an average length of residence in the US of 1.4 years. They were asked to produce and give perceptual judgments on 40 English non-words of varying syllabic structures in noun and verb sentence frames. Results of the production data suggested that syllables with a long vowel attracted stress more often than syllables containing a short vowel and nouns received initial stress more often than verbs. Additionally, regression analyses with the three factors as predictors suggested that Thai participants' pattern of stress assignment on non-words was significantly influenced by the stress patterns of phonologically similar real words. These results were compared and contrasted to those found in previous work with Spanish–English and Korean–English bilinguals.
Liss, Heidi J.
Abrams, Lise; Rodriguez, Emily L.
During tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experiences, phonologically related words have both facilitated and impeded word retrieval. In the present experiment, we examined whether phonologically related words' syntactic class (part of speech) is responsible for these differential effects. Sixty college students saw general knowledge questions whose answers were designated target words and responded "know," "don't know," or "TOT." Following "TOT" and "don't know" responses, the participants saw five words, one of which was a prime. The primes contained the target's first syllable and either shared or did not share the target's part of speech. Following presentation of the primes, retrieval of the target was attempted again. Different-part-of-speech primes facilitated resolution of TOT states, whereas same-part-of-speech primes had no effect, relative to phonologically unrelated words. These results support node structure theory's most-primed-wins principle and the transmission deficit model account of TOT states and detail the importance of syntactic class in the selection of words that are candidates for speech production.
Hollien, Harry
The speaker recognition scene changes radically when attempts are made to apply modern technology to the problem. Indeed, with the seeming limitless power of electronic hardware and computers, it appears that solutions are but a step away. Yet such may not be the case. For example, many years have passed since the earliest efforts were made to develop machines that would (1) type letters dictated by voice, (2) automatically translate the speech of one language into another, (3) understand spoken speech and (4) identify a person from voice analysis alone. Authors such as Hecker (40) insist that there are no machines which are both as sensitive and as powerful (for these purposes) as the human ear. What Hecker means by "ear" is, of course, the entire auditory sensory system coupled to the brain, with all its sophisticated memory and cognitive functions. He may be correct in his assumptions, but I do not think so. Hence, the issue I will address in this chapter is: can machines/computers be made to operate at least as efficiently as the auditory system for speaker identification purposes? That is, can they be made to mimic these processes or, if not mimic them, at least parallel the recognition task by some other method? Probably so, but the task is not an easy one.
Storch, Eric A.; Murphy, Tanya K.; Geffken, Gary R.; Soto, Ohel; Sajid, Muhammad; Allen, Pam; Roberti, Jonathan W.; Killiany, Erin M.; Goodman, Wayne K.
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This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Tourette's Disorder Scale-Parent Rated (TODS-PR), a 15-item parent-rated instrument that assesses a range of common symptoms seen in childhood Tourette's Disorder (TD) patients including tics, obsessions, compulsions, inattention, hyperactivity, aggression, and emotional disturbances. Participants were 67 children and adolescents ages 6–17 years who were diagnosed with TD and/or OCD and seen as a part of a larger study. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original 4-factor structure of the TODS-PR with some slight re-specification of factor content. Internal consistencies were acceptable for the TODS-PR Total Score and factors. The TODS-PR Total Score and factors showed good convergent validity with other measures of symptomatology and impairment. These findings suggest that the TODS-PR is a reliable and valid parent-rating scale for assessing TD symptoms
Newman, Denise L.; Sontag, Lisa M.; Salvato, Rebecca
This study examines the psychosocial risks associated with body weight (BMI) and body image in a southeastern, rural Lumbee American Indian community. A total of 134 adolescents (57% female) were surveyed over 2 years at ages of 13 and 15 years. On average, boys (55%) were more likely to be overweight or obese than were girls (31%). BMI was related to a variety of weight control efforts including onset and frequency of smoking, dieting, and body dissatisfaction. Body dissatisfaction was associated with peer relations, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and somatization in adolescence. Longitudinally, psychological health, peer competence, and ethnic identity were associated with positive body image. In boys, early ethnic identification was associated with the development of later body image. Implications of findings for ethnic- and gender-specific interventions are discussed.
Lehmkuhl, Heather D.; Merlo, Lisa J.; Devine, Katie; Gaines, Jared; Storch, Eric A.; Silverstein, Janet H.; Geffken, Gary R.
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Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves balancing several components including diet, exercise, and medication. Peer involvement in management tasks is an important, but understudied, issue in T1D. This study presents results of a preliminary examination of perceptions of disease management in youth with T1D and their peers. Data were collected using a mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative data) approach during medical education time at a camp for youth with T1D and their peers. Results suggest that both youth with T1D and their peers believe that peers need more information about medical consequences of having diabetes. Further, youth with T1D and their peers would like coaching on how peers may help the child with T1D manage their illness better. Results provide preliminary ideas for intervention (i.e., including peers, assessing social support) in the medical setting as well as ideas for future research (i.e., examining relationships among perceptions and gender, time since diagnosis).
Taylor, Daniel; Gehrman, Philip; Dautovich, Natalie D.; Lichstein, Kenneth L.; McCrae, Christina S.
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In general, patients with insomnia respond well to treatment, with approximately 70 % benefitting from behavioral and cognitive therapy (showing 50–60 % improvement in sleep, on average) [1, 2].
Iwata, Brian A.
This commentary, in response to Dixon et al. (Behavior Analysis in Practice, 8, 7–15, 2015), describes difficulties in defining metrics of quality in graduate training for different audiences (types of applicants). Outcome measures are preferred whenever possible, supplemented by subjective but frequently used opinion surveys.
Long, Susanne
Stitzer, Maxine; Isaacson, Robert L.
While increases in spontaneous activity have been demonstrated following scopolamine administration in mice (Morpurgo & Theobald, 1964) and rats (Tapp, 1965; Payne & Anderson, 1967a; Meyers et al, 1964) such a demonstration has never been made in the gerbil.
Lee, Jenny Baxley
Alive Inside is a documentary film promoting the use of music, specifically the creation of playlists of preferred music on a digital media player such as an iPod, among elders living in long-term care. In the United States, 5.4 million individuals are living with Alzheimer's disease, and researchers anticipate that number to increase 30 % by 2025. Viewers of Alive Inside can empathically climb inside the experience of an elder living with memory loss who is hearing his or her favorite song and feel overwhelmed with joy, sadness, memory, and sensation. In this way, music awakens the most profound sense of connection to ourselves and to one another. As dance/movement therapists, we know that rhythm unites, creating a sense of solidarity. The film tackles the question, "can a pair of headphones change the lives of millions of Americans suffering from Alzheimer's and dementia?" It also highlights an opportunity to address scope of practice and professionalization along the arts and health continuum from arts and health practitioners to creative arts therapists.
Xiao, Zhou; Qiu, Ting; Ke, Xiaoyan; Xiao, Xiang; Xiao, Ting; Liang, Fengjing; Zou, Bing; Huang, Haiqing; Fang, Hui; Chu, Kangkang; Zhang, Jiuping; Liu, Yijun
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that occurs within the first 3 years of life, which is marked by social skills and communication deficits along with stereotyped repetitive behavior. Although great efforts have been made to clarify the underlying neuroanatomical abnormalities and brain-behavior relationships in adolescents and adults with ASD, literature is still limited in information about the neurobiology of ASD in the early age of life. Brain images of 50 toddlers with ASD and 28 age, gender, and developmental quotient matched toddlers with developmental delay (DD) (control group) between ages 2 and 3 years were captured using combined magnetic resonance-based structural imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Structural magnetic resonance imaging was applied to assess overall gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, and regional alterations were assessed by voxel-based morphometry. DTI was used to investigate the white matter tract integrity. Compared with DD, significant increases were observed in ASD, primarily in global GM and WM volumes and in right superior temporal gyrus regional GM and WM volumes. Higher fractional anisotropy value was also observed in the corpus callosum, posterior cingulate cortex, and limbic lobes of ASD. The converging findings of structural and white matter abnormalities in ASD suggest that alterations in neural-anatomy of different brain regions may be involved in behavioral and cognitive deficits associated with ASD, especially in an early age of 2–3 years old toddlers.
White, Keith D.
Three components of a teaching laboratory in perception are described that (1) compare several psychophysical methods for measuring visual illusions, (2) simulate experiments on dark adaptation, and (3) allow participation in auditory demonstrations or experiments. Features of special interest include: interactive use of graphics, software for simulating experiments (such as EXPER SIM, University of Michigan), and use of A/D, D/A, and TTL ports to interface special peripherals.
Johnson, James H.; McGlynn, F. Dudley
Nearly half of children 6 to 12 years of age display multiple fears of sufficient severity to prompt comment by their mothers. Fears of the dark, of strangers, and of animals are found frequently among young children, as are fears of separation, bodily injury, and supernatural beings (e.g., ghosts, monsters). Many of these fears are age- or stage-specific, relatively mild in severity, and transient in nature. As such they can be viewed as benign developmental phenomena. Some childhood fears, on the other hand, are neither age-related nor mild in severity, and among these some pose continuing adaptive hazards. These fears can be viewed as simple phobias provided that they fit DSM-III criteria and that they do not fall under some other diagnostic category (e.g., overanxious reaction of childhood, separation anxiety disorder).
Birdsong, David
In the preceding chapter, we sketched the central yet precarious position of metalinguistic data in developing linguistic theory. In Chapter 4, a similar examination is undertaken, this time with the focus on L2 acquisition theory.
Melamed, Barbara G.; Klingman, Avigdor; Siegel, Lawrence J.
Fears are a common problem of normal childhood. As many as 9 out of 10 children develop specific fears sometime during their early years (Lapouse & Monk, 1959; MacFarlane, Allen, & Honzik, 1954). These fears take many forms and include fears of physical injury (e.g., being kidnapped, having an operation), natural events (e.g., storms, the dark), and social and achievement situations (e.g., exams, class recitations) (Miller, Barrett, Hampe, & Noble, 1972).
Goodman, Edward D.; Bunnell, Bradford N.; Dewsbury, Donald A.; Boland, Bob
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Three groups of male rats, septals, control operates, and normal controls, were given copulatory tests to a satiety criterion. No significant differences in copulatory behavior between the septals and control operates were found.
Murray, Christine E.
To explore the influence of client characteristics in premarital counseling, a five factor model is presented that includes the social context, family-of-origin influences, individual characteristics, couple interactional processes, and motivation for attending premarital counseling. The findings demonstrate that providers believe that many client characteristics influence the degree to which couples benefit from premarital counseling. Providers rated the influence of the client characteristic factors in the following order (from most to least influential): couple interactional processes, family-of-origin influences, individual characteristics, motivation for premarital counseling, and the social context. Recommendations for future theory development, practice, and research are discussed.
Webb, Wilse B.
Four experiments on the effects on performance of extended time periods without sleep and on the effects of limited sleep, that is, naps, within such periods are reviewed. The performance measures included subjective measures and measures of performance on attention/persistence, continuous-production, precision, and cognitive tasks. Repeated periods of sleep deprivation did not result in decreased effects: Older subjects tended to be more vulnerable to sleep-loss decrements, and three different schedules of 4 h of sleep within a 60-h sleep-deprivation period had limited differential ameliorative effects.
Ardelt, Monika
This study examined whether (a) older adults are wiser than college students, (b) college-educated older adults are wiser than current college students, and (c) wise older adults show evidence of personal growth. Using a sample of 477 undergraduate college students and 178 older adults (age 52+), results showed that college students tended to score as high on the self-administered three-dimensional wisdom scale (3D-WS) as older adults. However, college-educated older adults tended to score significantly higher on the reflective and affective dimensions of wisdom and the overall score of the 3D-WS and than did current college students. Qualitative evidence suggests that many older adults, particularly in the top 20% of wisdom scorers, grew wiser with age by learning from life experiences. The results indicate that wisdom might increase with age for individuals with the opportunity and motivation to pursue its development.
Yost, William A.; Tanis, David C.; Nielsen, Donald W.; Bergert, Byron
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In a two-interval lateralization procedure, observers judged whether a stimulus presented with an interaural intensive difference was right or left in lateral space of the same stimulus presented with only an interaural temporal difference. The stimuli were pure tones of 500 and 1,000 Hz and 1,000-Hz low-pass noise. All stimuli were presented at both 65 and 55 dB SPL. For each of several values of interaural time (ranging from 0 to 1,000 microsec across all stimuli), a function was determined which related proportion of "right" relative position judgments to the value of the interaural intensive difference. The intercepts of these functions indicated that a progressively smaller amount of interaural intensive difference was required for the two stimuli to occupy a similar lateral location as the interaural temporal difference was increased. The slopes of the function suggested that the images associated with larger values of the interaural temporal differences are less distinct and blend together more than the images associated with small values of the temporal difference. Thus, the procedure provided a means for comparing the lateral location of images produced by interaural differences of time and intensity.
Ewigman, Nate
Stewart, Alan E.; Lord, Janice Harris
We assert that motor vehicle crash should replace motor vehicle accident in the clinical and research lexicon of traumatologists. Crash encompasses a wider range of potential causes for vehicular crashes than does the term accident. A majority of fatal crashes are caused by intoxicated, speeding, distracted, or careless drivers and, therefore, are not accidents. Most importantly, characterizing crashes as accidents, when a driver was intoxicated or negligent, may impede the recovery of crash victims by preventing them from assigning blame and working through the emotions related to their trauma.
Johnston, James M.; Pennypacker, H. S.
Among the many struggles that, throughout its history, constitute psychology's attempts to study human activity, the conception of exactly what it is about human beings that should be the object of our investigations has been, and continues to be, a mighty one. This struggle is certainly appropriate; there can be no more central and pervasive an issue in psychological research than the definition of the phenomenon to be addressed by experimental methods. One of the reasons why an unambiguous definition of the subject matter is critical is so that the details of research method can be properly suited to the task of preserving the subject matter in the process ranging from definition, through measurement, design, and analysis to experimental inference in undiluted and uncontaminated form. Failures to maintain such purity depreciate to some degree (perhaps beyond any scientific value) the legitimacy of experimental conclusions, such bastardy taking the form of inferior reliability and generality. Eventually, these limitations on experimental data come to characterize entire literatures, thereby retarding the development of a human science and stunting its technological progeny.
Krop, Harry; Hall, David; Mehta, Jawahar
Despite a decrease in mortality from myocardial infarction during the past ten years, many patients suffer adverse emotional reactions subsequent to the heart attack. These authors investigated some of the psychological aspects of a patient's own outlook following his myocardial infarction and the quantity and quality of communication between the patient and his physician regarding these concerns. When 100 married male VA patients were questioned about their concerns in a variety of areas which might occur following discharge, a significant number expressed fears about their marital relationship and about their sexual functioning. Although these same patients indicated stress prior to infarction, the major problem area was employment, whereas only a small number reported concerns about sexual activity. The study also shows that few of the patients communicated their concerns to their physician and those discussions which were held were usually initiated by the patient.
Muehrer, Peter R.; Salovey, Peter; Afifi, Abdelmonem A.; Coyne, James C.; Kring, Ann M.; Merson, Michael H.; Prohaska, Thomas R.; Rozensky, Ronald H.
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The behavioral and public health sciences both have a long and rich history supporting basic, translational, and applied research aimed at improving human lives and reducing human suffering. Through the complementary expertise of these disciplines, investigators have contributed to significant, worldwide improvements in mental and physical health. Further gains can be achieved through collaborative research among scientists in these 2 fields. Unfortunately, there are a number of barriers to such collaboration originating in different intellectual traditions, research methods, and the structure and values of academia. We identify these barriers and potential strategies for overcoming them. Several areas for future collaborative research appear promising, especially comorbid mental and physical disorders, adherence to interventions, stigma, and emotional processes. Theory-guided preventive interventions may represent especially fertile areas of collaborative effort.
Hollan, James D.; Osteen, Robert E.
A PL/I program for constructing and processing acyclic digraphs is described. As an aid to exposition, an application of the program to the study of epistomological structure in human memory is discussed.
Branch, Marc N.; Hegge, Frederick W.
Rats were exposed to a procedure in which auditory stimuli signaled which of two levers was associated with a variable-interval 60-sec schedule of food presentation. Presses on the lever that was not associated with the variable-interval schedule ("errors") postponed availability of reinforcement on the other lever by either a fixed number of responses or a fixed amount of time. Increasing the number of responses by which "errors" postponed food availability enhanced the level of stimulus control, and. alter a relatively high degree of control had been achieved, reduction of the requirement had no effect. Control experiments ruled out extended exposure to the discrimination procedure as a factor in the increase in stimulus control and suggested that the time of introduction of a changeover contingent is an important determinant of its effect.
Alexander, Barrie B.; Johnson, Suzanne B.; Carter, Randy L.
The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES), a measure of family functioning, contains three scales: cohesion, adaptability, and social desirability. These were slightly modified (FACES- R) on the basis of pilot data and were administered to 42 clinic families (families seeking or receiving psychological services) and 206 nonclinic families. Support for the scales was found in high coefficient alpha reliabilities and similarity of the sample means and standard deviations to those of the standardization sample. However, there was little agreement among family members' scale scores. Therapists' ratings of cohesion and adaptability did not correlate with scale scores among clinic families. There was no difference between clinic and nonclinic samples on the cohesion or adaptability scales, although the social desirability scale did discriminate between groups. Factor analysis suggested that cohesion, adaptability, and social desirability cannot be clearly differentiated using this measure.
Peters, Kerri P.; Vollmer, Timothy R.
The utility of reinforcement-based procedures has been well established in the behavior analysis literature and is commonly used in educational settings. However, the overjustification effect is one commonly cited criticism of programs that use tangible items as reinforcers. In the current studies, we evaluated the effects of tangible rewards contingent on engagement with leisure activities. We further evaluated the amount of engagement after the reward condition was discontinued. In Studies 1 and 2, tangible rewards were delivered for engaging with a preferred activity when only one leisure activity or several activities were available, respectively. Study 1 results did not support the overjustification hypothesis. Study 2 participants showed a decrease in activity engagement following the reward condition. It was not clear whether this was a result of extended exposure or overjustification. Thus, in Study 3, we extended exposure to preferred activities in one context without rewards. Study 3 results suggested that extended exposure to a preferred activity had effects that look similar to the overjustification effect but are probably best described as satiation.
Sirois, Brian C.; Sears, Samuel F.; Marhefka, Stephanie
Adolescent and parent organ donation attitudes, knowledge, communications, and donor card signing rates were assessed. Parent-adolescent dyads (N = 137) were recruited at a Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Using discriminant analysis, attitude, knowledge, and communication variables adequately classified adolescent donor status. Overall, adolescent positive attitude toward donation was the most powerful variable discriminating between donors and nondonors. Examining only participants who had discussed donation with parents, the nature of parent-adolescent discussions about organ donation became the most important variable in donor classification. Adolescent donors reported significantly more positive and less negative attitudes, had parents with more positive and less negative attitudes, and had engaged in more frequent and more positive communications with parents about organ donation.
Neimeyer, Greg J.
Fennell, Eileen B.; Bauer, Russell M.
Neuropsychologists generally measure behavior as a means for making inferences about brain function. Regardless of whether such measurement takes place in the clinic or the laboratory, the basic process is the same: Behavioral and cognitive performances that are readily observable "stand in," as it were, for the less observable "brain states" they are thought to reflect.
Storch, Eric A.; Roberti, Jonathan W.; Bravata, Erica A.; Storch, Jason B.
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This pilot study explored the strength of religious faith in a sample of intercollegiate athletes and non-athletes. Participants were 226 undergraduate students (57 athletes) at the University of Florida who were enrolled in undergraduate courses. Strength of religious beliefs were assessed with the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith—Short Form. Findings indicate that athletes reported higher levels of religious faith than non-athletes. Implications of these findings on future research and applied sport practice are discussed.
Ferguson, Lucy Rau; Partyka, Lisa B.; Lester, Barry M.
The responses of 393 parents of clinic-referred and welladjusted children to the Children's Behavior Checklist were analyzed. Of 154 items, 66 proved to discriminate between clinic and nonclinic groups. Many of these items were reflective of the general dimensions of Competence and Impulsivity yielded by an overall factor analysis. More specific patterns of factors emerged for subgroups of parents. Interparent agreement in perception was found to be a complex function of a child's age, sex, and adjustment level. The implications of the results for clinical assessment of children and families and for studies of parentchild relations are discussed.
Morlock, Gerald W.; Meyer, Merle E.
A hypothesis, derived from the optimal level of arousal hypothesis and formulated to account for the decrease in activity over time in a novel environment, was investigated. Exposure to complex stimuli immediately prior to a 12-min activity session significantly lowered general locomotor activity of mice but did not effect the rate of the activity decrement.
Paris, Bernard J.
Moradi, Bonnie
This article discusses the promise of objectification theory as a framework for consolidating extant theories, integrating findings across the studies in the current issue, and grounding future research on body image and eating problems across diverse populations. Specifically, this article (a) provides an overview of objectification theory and describes its promise for addressing gender and cultural diversity, (b) articulates aspects of overlap and distinction between objectification theory and several other influential frameworks, (c) describes the advancements made by the research presented in this issue relative to the 15 recommendations offered in Moradi and Huang's (2008) review of the past decade of objectification theory research, and (d) concludes with suggestions for further advancements in body image research grounded in objectification theory.
Bussing, Regina; Koro-Ljungberg, Mirka; Gurnani, Tina; Garvan, Cynthia Wilson; Mason, Dana; Noguchi, Kenji; Albarracin, Dolores
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Little is known about perceptions surrounding self-management for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although such interventions appear commonly used and are considered essential components of the chronic care model. Our research is part of a mixed methods study that followed students at high and low risk for ADHD over 11 years. During the final study years, area-representative samples of 148 adolescents (54.8 % participation; 97 ADHD high-risk group; 51 low-risk peers) and 161 parents (59.4 % participation; 108 parents of high-risk adolescent; 53 parents of low-risk peer) completed a cross-sectional survey on community-identified self-management interventions for ADHD (activity outlets, sleep regulation, dietary restriction, homework help, family rules, and prayer). Respondents also answered open-ended questions addressing undesirable self-management effects, which were analyzed using grounded theory methods. High-risk adolescents expressed significantly lower willingness towards all self-management interventions than did adult respondents, except for increased activity outlets. They also reported lower receptivity towards sleep regulation and dietary restriction than did their low-risk peer group. No gender or race differences in self-management willingness were found, except for higher receptivity to prayer in African American respondents. Cost, perceived ineffectiveness, disruptions to routines, causation of interpersonal conflicts, and reduced future self-reliance were seen as potential undesirable effects. Findings suggest that activity-based ADHD interventions appear particularly acceptable across all demographic and risk groups, unlike sleep regulation and dietary approaches. Further research on self-care effectiveness is needed to incorporate adolescents' viewpoints about ADHD self-management, as interventions may be acceptable to adults, but resisted by adolescents.
Heim, Sabine; Benasich, April A.; Wirth, Nadine; Keil, Andreas
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This cross-sectional study is the first to examine the developmental trajectory of temporal attention control from childhood to adolescence. We used a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm, calling for the identification of two targets (T1 and T2) embedded in a distractor stream. In adults, manipulating the lag time within the target doublet typically leads to pronounced impairment in report for T2, when it follows T1 after approximately 200 ms, with one intervening distractor (lag 2); this is referred to as the attentional blink (AB). Participants, however, tend to identify T2 more often when the targets have occurred in a row ("lag-1 sparing"), or are separated by larger lag times, resulting in a hook-shaped accuracy profile. Here, we investigated the extent to which this AB profile undergoes systematic developmental changes in 204 students aged between 6 and 16 years (grades 1–10). T1–T2 lags varied from zero up to seven intervening distractors. Behavioral accuracy in younger children (grades 1–2) was found to follow a linear path, having its minimum at the earliest lag. Lag-1 sparing, accompanied by a relative accuracy loss in the AB interval, first appeared in grade 3, and became more robust in grade 4. From grades 5–6, the hook-shaped profile remained stable, with steady increases in overall performance up through the highest grades. This suggests that younger children's performance is limited by processing speed, while from preadolescence onwards, children are increasingly able to identify rapid target sequences at the cost of an interference sensitive, higher control system.
Plotnik, Rodney J.; Tallarico, Robert B.
Four young chickens were given 50 object-quality learning-set (LS) problems. Across problems the chickens showed increasing interproblem transfer or LS formation. The LS performance of the chickens matched some mammals-raccoon, cat, marmoset-in spite of the absence of a well developed cerebral cortex in the chicken.
Dewsbury, Donald A.
The electric organ discharge frequencies of six gymnotid electric fish were recorded continuously for a period of three days and nights in order to determine whether discharge frequency, which reflects the rate of operation of an active sensory system, was correlated with variation in activity between darkness and light. It was found that electric organ discharge frequency is higher in darkness when the fish are active than in light, when they are inactive.
Smith, Isaac C.; Reichow, Brian; Volkmar, Fred R.
A growing body of research has raised concerns about the number of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) according to DSM-IV-TR who may no longer qualify for diagnoses under the new DSM-5 criteria, published in May 2013. The current study systematically reviews 25 articles evaluating samples according to both DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 ASD criteria. Consistent with previous reviews, the majority of included studies indicated between 50 and 75 % of individuals will maintain diagnoses. We conducted visual analyses of subgroups using harvest plots and found the greatest decreases among high-functioning populations with IQs over 70 and/or previous diagnoses of PDD-NOS or Asperger's disorder. We discuss the potential research and clinical implications of reduced numbers of individuals diagnosed with ASD.
Robinson, Michael E.; Sadler, Ian J.; O'Connor, Patrick D.; Riley, Joseph L.
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Assessment of sincerity of effort is frequently used in clinical practice. However, the reliability and validity of current assessment methods have not been unequivocally demonstrated. This study focused on the detection of submaximal efforts and determination of the stability of the coefficient of variation (CV) in 20 asymptomatic subjects. The coefficient of variation of peak torque (CVpeak) and coefficient of variation of average torque (CVave) were obtained from maximal and submaximal torque curves during fast isokinetic (180 deg/s) leg extension strength tests. Significant differences between effort levels (maximal and submaximal) were found for CVpeak and CVave on both days of testing (p < .001). On Day 1 of testing, using an optimized 10% CVpeak cutoff resulted in a submaximal effort detection rate of 75% with an overall (maximal and submaximal efforts) correct classification rate of 88%. Correlation coefficients indicated relatively moderate stability using the CVpeak calculated using five trials for both maximal (r = .47, p < ,05) and submaximal (r = .78, p < .001) effort conditions. Findings suggest that use of an increased number of repetitions to calculate the CV may result in more stable measures.
In this chapter, we will discuss some of the more common factors associated with the development and maintenance of insomnia such as age, physiology, circadian rhythms, and environment.
A primary function of the Psychonomic Society, founded in 1959, has been the conduct of scientific meetings. Its first 37 meetings have been held in 18 different cities, St. Louis being the most popular with 11 meetings. The 5 Chicago meetings have been held at 5 different sites. Although there have been some changes in format and procedure, there has been a general adherence to guidelines laid down by the Society's founders whereby the format is kept simple, with a strong emphasis on the communication of results of scientific research.
Rowland, Neil E.
This short review is intended to illustrate some of the approaches that psychobiologists use to analyze processes underlying food intake in animals. The pivotal role that the concept of homeostasis continues to occupy is discussed first. There follows a review of some of the metabolic changes in the hypothalamus as a function of altered nutritional status. It is suggested that these changes can determine feeding in novel circumstances, but that they may have less control over learned feeding responses. The concept of separate appetites for the major macronutrients is evaluated, and the notion is introduced that the two sides of the hypothalamus may be metabolically different. Some of the neurotransmitters that have been implicated in feeding are mentioned, and the way in which such basic information may contribute to the treatment of overeating and obesity is illustrated.
Storch, Eric A.; Larson, Michael J.; Merlo, Lisa J.; Keeley, Mary L.; Jacob, Marni L.; Geffken, Gary R.; Murphy, Tanya K.; Goodman, Wayne K.
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This study explored the impact of comorbidity on symptom severity and treatment outcome in a sample of 75 pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients. Forty received cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT). Overall, 56% had a comorbid disorder. Results revealed that youth with comorbid disorders (anxiety or otherwise) endorsed significantly more anxiety symptoms than youth with OCD only. Youth with comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety exhibited more severe OCD symptoms than youth with OCD alone or an anxiety-only comorbidity. Youth in the comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety group had the poorest CBT response relative to the other groups. These results suggest that relative to those with OCD alone or with an anxiety disorder comorbidity, youth with comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety have a differing clinical presentation (e.g., more severe symptoms) and worse psychotherapy outcome.
Meyer, Johanna M.; McNamara, Joseph P. H.; Reid, Adam M.; Storch, Eric A.; Geffken, Gary R.; Mason, Dana M.; Murphy, Tanya K.; Bussing, Regina
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The present study examined the prospective relationship between obsessive–compulsive and depressive symptoms during a multimodal treatment study involving youth with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Participants included fifty-six youth, aged 7–17 years (M = 12.16 years) who were enrolled in a two-site randomized controlled pharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy treatment trial. Obsessive–compulsive severity was measured using the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale, and depressive symptoms were rated using the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Multi-level modeling analyses indicated that, on average over the course of treatment, variable and less severe obsessive–compulsive symptoms significantly predicted a decrease in depressive symptoms. Additionally, week-to-week fluctuations in OCD severity did not significantly predict weekly changes in depressive symptom severity. Level of baseline depressive symptom severity did not moderate these relationships. Findings suggest that when treating youth with OCD with co-occurring depression, therapists should begin by treating obsessive–compulsive symptoms, as when these are targeted effectively, depressive symptoms diminish as well.
Lavie, Peretz
Fourteen Ss were awakened 2 min after the beginning of a REM period and 5 min after the end of a REM period, and were tested on a spiral aftereffect. The duration of a spiral aftereffect was found to be longer for the tests made following REM periods than for the tests made following non-REM periods. The results were interpreted to indicate penetration of a cortical arousal during the REM period into wakefulness. The "carry-over" effect from the sleep stages into the waking state lends support to the theory that the REM state may be superimposed as an ultradian cycle on the 24 h.
Bunnell, B. N.
Lesions of the amygdala were made in hooded rats whose aggressiveness and social dominance rank had been determined in a seminatural environment. There was a significant reduction in the number of inter-animal interactions and in the percentage of bouts won. Social rank decreased in some animals, but was maintained by others. The effects of the lesions appeared to result from a raised threshold to social stimuli.
Barrell, James J.; Price, Donald D.
The effects of psychological set on perception of first and second pain were determined for 20 subjects. Percutaneous electrical shock intensities (6–8 mA, 3 msec) sufficient to evoke double pain responses were used in all subjects. Psychological sets included PAST ("Place yourself in a previous experience that was free of any significant emotional tone"), PRESENT ("Feel your foot that will be shocked"), and FUTURE ("Think to yourself that you are about to be shocked"). Perception of second pain was never perceived in PAST and FUTURE sets but was always perceived in the PRESENT set. Furthermore, at minimal rates of stimulation ( > 1/3 sec), summation of second pain occurred in the PRESENT set but not in the FUTURE set. All subjects startled in the FUTURE set and did not startle in PAST or PRESENT sets. Each subject reported that the aversiveness of the shock related to painful sensations in PAST and PRESENT sets and to ones own body responses in the FUTURE set.
Although cactus mice,Peromyscus eremicus, typically resume copulatory behavior soon after attaining their first ejaculation, they rarely attain additional ejaculations. Experiment I was designed to determine the relative contribution of the male and female to this phenomenon of "ejaculatory failure"—the failure to attain ejaculation despite initiation of a series. Each of 18 male and 18 female cactus mice was tested in three conditions: once with a mated male paired with an unmated female, once with an unmated male paired with a mated female, and once with the original pairing retained. Ejaculatory failure was found to be primarily attributable to changes in the male. In Experiment II, it was found that the inhibitory effects of the first series are largely, but not completely, dissipated after 24 h. The first ejaculatory series appears to produce an elevation of the male's ejaculatory threshold.
Sloane, Sarah A.; Shea, Sandra L.; Procter, Melissa Miley; Dewsbury, Donald A.
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A total of 200 muroid rodents, 20 from each of 10 species from diverse ecological adaptations, were tested for depth perception near the age of weaning. Each animal was given 10 trials in a visual cliff. Seven of the 10 species, Israeli gerbils, California voles, house mice, meadow voles, cactus mice, cotton mice, and deer mice, showed some evidence of depth discrimination. By contrast, white-footed mice, prairie voles, and montane voles showed no evidence of such discriminative ability. Although there was no strong relationship apparent between the usual habitat of the species and their tendency to choose the shallow side in the visual cliff, a relationship was found among ecological factors, open-field behavior, and the latency to make a descent from the centerboard of the visual cliff.
Meyer, Merle E.; Frank, Lawrence H.
Activity and exploratory behaviors in three strains of mice (CBA/J, BALB/cJ, DBA/2J) were investigated on 2 consecutive days using a Greek cross maze with black, white, checkered, and striped compartments. Two measures were taken: frequency of entrance into each compartment and consecutive 10-sec sampling of the animals' location throughout each 3-min trial. The results indicated differences among strains of both measures. These results were compared with prior findings with Swiss mice, rats, and gerbils.
Jackson, Sherri L.; Griggs, Richard A.
The present study was concerned with the effects of education level and area of expertise on performance on the standard abstract selection task. Subjects had received bachelor's or doctoral degrees. Contrary to some recent results reported by Hoch and Tschirgi (1985), no effect of education level was found. However, there was a significant effect for area of expertise. Subjects trained in mathematics performed better than subjects from computer science, electrical engineering, and the social sciences. An explanation in terms of the mathematics subjects' greater likelihood of using a disconfirmation strategy and greater familiarity with the relevant propositional logic is offered.
Kimmel, H. D.; McGinnis, Nancy Hooter
Twenty-four rat Ss received training to run down a 6 ft. runway for food reward with either a 2 or 4 sec. interval between a discrete click and being dropped onto the runway. Half the Ss in each group were then shifted to the other time interval while the remaining half of each group continued with its original interval. It was found that increasing the time interval between the click and placement in the runway led to an increase in speed of running which grew from the first to the second day of testing. Reducing the interval following the click had the effect of slowing the shifted animals, but this-effect vanished on the second test day. It was concluded that the increase in the time interval following the click produced a frustration effect (a motivational effect) while the decrease in the time interval led to generalization decrement (an associative effect), followed by new learning at the new interval.
Cohen, Ronald A.
Levitt, Robert A.
Prolonged sleep was produced by periodic injections of pentobarbital. This sleep consisted predominantly of slow waves and spindles. No paradoxical sleep waves were observable in the cortex during the drug treatment. Following discontinuation of the drug, the amount of slow wave sleep decreased and paradoxical sleep increased when compared to a control period, suggesting a partial satiation of slow wave sleep and deprivation of paradoxical sleep by the treatment.
Merbitz, Charles T.; Merbitz, Nancy Hansen; Pennypacker, Henry S.
The term "frequency" in applied behavior analysis and behavior measurement generally refers to cycles per unit time, or a count (usually of behavior) divided by the time during which it occurred. In statistics, however, the term refers to a count of items in a data set. This meaning of "frequency" as synonymous with "count" has been adopted by one major text and the Behavior Analyst Certification Board®. Another major text uses "frequency" and "rate" interchangeably when referring to behaviors per unit time. Both texts advise readers not to use counts of behavior without reference to the time base of the observation, and in the context of that advice, the count and time information thus provide rate data. We suggest that within applied behavior analysis (ABA) and behavior measurement the term "frequency" should not refer to "count" but instead to "rate," and that references to counts without information about observation time should be avoided.
Jackson, Sally Bolce; Dewsbury, Donald A.
In order to describe more completely the time course of recovery from sexual satiety in male rats, 18 males were tested after each of six recovery intervals: 3, 6, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days. Different recovery rates were found for different measures of behavior. While most measures were restored to baseline levels by 6 days following satiation, the postejaculatory interval following the second ejaculation was still prolonged after 9 days of rest. No changes were seen in the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation. Systematic changes over the course of the experiment were found in the measures of copulatory behavior taken in the sessions that preceded each recovery test.
Levy, C. Michael
Wackerly, D. D.; Robinson, D. H.
We assume that a judge's task is to categorize each ofN subjects into one ofr known classes. The design of primary interest is employed if the judge is presented withs groups, each containingr subjects, such that each group of sizer consists of exactly one subject of each of ther types. The probability distribution for the total number of correct choices is developed and used to test the null hypothesis that the judge is "guessing" in favor of the alternative that he or she is operating at a better than chance level. The power of the procedure is shown to be superior to two other procedures which appear in the literature.
Who knows how many areas within the extensive rubric of forensic communication relate functionally to forensic phonetics. Certainly, there are several; I do know that the four I have selected to review in this chapter overlap my specialty areas and do so to a substantial degree. They include (1) language analysis for forensic purposes (both spoken and written language are included), (2) psychoacoustics and the related area of audiology, (3) the pirating of audio- and videotape recordings and (4) the area of computer crime. These four topics will be discussed in the order of descending relevance to forensic phonetics. I will include a few references for each so you can read further if you find that particular topic to be of interest to you. Please note however, that my descriptions will be a little superficial. After all, the areas discussed are somewhat tangential to the basic focus of this book; moreover, each is worthy of its own text. However, I hope that I can provide you with some insight as to their dimensions and boundaries—and, especially, how they interface with forensic phonetics.
Reynolds, Stacey; Bendixen, Roxanna M.; Lawrence, Tami; Lane, Shelly J.
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This pilot study explored activity patterns in children with and without ASD and examined the role of sensory responsiveness in determining children's level of competence in activity performance. Twenty-six children with high functioning ASD and twenty-six typically-developing children 6–12 years old were assessed using the Sensory Profile and the Child Behavior Checklist. Results reflect differences in the types of activities and jobs/chores engaged in by children with ASD compared to children without ASD. Significant differences were seen in overall level of competence in activities, social, and school performance. Children demonstrating more frequent Sensory Sensitivity and Sensory Avoiding had significantly lower competence scores than children with fewer behaviors in these domains, suggesting that sensory responsiveness may impact the ability to participate successfully.
Taylor, Daniel; Gehrman, Philip; D Dautovich, Natalie; L Lichstein, Kenneth; S McCrae, Christina
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Alter, Peter J.; Conroy, Maureen A.; Mancil, G. Rich; Haydon, Todd
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The use of functional behavior assessment (FBA) to guide the development of behavior intervention plans continues to increase since they were first mandated in IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997, 20 U.S.C. Section 1400 et seq, 1997). A variety of indirect and direct instruments have been developed to facilitate this process. Although many researchers believe that a full functional analysis is necessary to identify the function of a behavior, more rapid and efficient FBA procedures are more commonly used. This investigation examined the correspondence between indirect and direct FBA procedures. Specifically, the results of three descriptive assessments and a functional analysis for four young children at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders were compared. Separation of all descriptive and experimental results was maintained and the assessment order was counterbalanced. Results of the descriptive assessments had low consistency with each other, and the results of two indirect FBA assessments (the Functional Assessment Interview and Motivation Assessment Scale) had low agreement with the results of functional analyses. On the other hand, the direct assessment procedure (ABC assessment) agreed with the results of functional analyses for all participants. These results support the use of direct observations and indicate that indirect measures should be used with caution as stand-alone assessments of the function of challenging behaviors.
Martin, R. Chris; Melvin, Kenneth B.
Furchtreaktionen gekäfigter, von Hand aufgezogener Baumwachteln (Colinus virginianus) wurden mit Hilfe eines handzahmen Bussards der Art Buteo jamaicensis und seiner lebensgroßen Flugattrappe qualitativ und quantitativ untersucht. Dabei beachteten wir Kontrollmaßnahmen, die andere Autoren in ähnlichen Untersuchungen bisher vernachlässigt hatten.
Zweimal am Tage setzten wir zehn männliche und acht weibliche erwachsene Baumwachteln in einem 152.5 auf 183.0 cm weiten und innen 37.5 cm hohen Gehege aus und ließen die beiden Auslöser auf vorgeschriebener Bahn darüber hinwegfliegen. Nachdem jedes Versuchstier den einen oder den ändern der beiden Auslöser in einer Serie von Versuchen wahrgenommen und darauf angesprochen hatte, wurde in einer unmittelbar danach folgenden Versuchsreihe der noch unbekannte Auslöser geboten.
Die Versuchsergebnisse wurden statistisch bearbeitet. Die Reaktionen der Baumwachteln waren dem lebenden Bussard gegenüber erheblich ausgeprägter als gegenüber der Attrappe, deren Auslösewert, verglichen mit dem des lebenden Bussards für die erste Spontanreaktion der Wachteln 95,3 % geringer war. Wiederholtes Darbieten eines Auslösers führte zur Abgewöhnung einer Reaktion (Habituation im Gegensatz zu Ermüdung). Die Auswirkung der Erfahrung mit dem einen Auslöser übertrug sich auf die Begegnung mit dem zweiten und wirkte sich als beschleunigtes Abgewöhnen der Furchtreaktion, nicht aber als deren vollständige Unterdrückung aus. Damit wird deutlich, daß die beiden Auslöser verschiedene Kombinationen von spezifischen Schlüsselreizen aufweisen, und im besonderen, daß die Schlüsselreize der Attrappe zur Auslösung des vollständigen artspezifischen Furchtverhaltens nicht zureichend sind.
In der Diskussion der Befunde wird die biologische Bedeutung der Abgewöhnung hervorgehoben; ebenso wird auf die Ähnlichkeit der Abgewöhnung mit dem Vorgang der Auslöschung einer bedingten Reaktion hingewiesen.
Stutts, Lauren
Bagner, Daniel M.; Storch, Eric A.; Roberti, Jonathan W.
This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale (LSDS) in a sample of African-American and Hispanic-American children. Participants were a non-clinical sample (N = 186) of children ages 11 to 13 in the fifth and sixth grades in a school in the Metropolitan New York area. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed a two-factor model fits the sample data better than a one-factor model. Internal consistencies were acceptable across the two factors, and convergent validity of the LSDS was supported by a moderately positive relation with a self-report measure of depressive symptomatology. In a structural equation model, ethnicity, grade, and gender predicted little variance in each LSDS factor, suggesting little measure bias. These preliminary findings suggest that the LSDS is a psychometrically sound instrument for African-American and Hispanic-American children, yet future inspection of its factor structure in more diverse samples of children is warranted.
Berg, Kathleen M.
A visually reinforced operant procedure was employed to determine the behavioral thresholds of 6- to 7-month-old infants and adults for stimuli of various bandwidths and durations. Experiment 1 compared absolute thresholds for broadband and 1/3-octavefiltered clicks and 300-msec noise bursts. For adult subjects, the difference in threshold for clicks and noise bursts was -quite comparable in the two bandwidth conditions, but infants' click-noise threshold differences were significantly larger for broadband than for 1/3-octave stimuli. In Experiment 2, 2-point threshold-duration functions were compared for 4-kHz tones and octave-band noise bursts presented in backgrounds of quiet and continuous noise. Infants' threshold-duration function for octave-band noise bursts was significantly steeper than the comparable adult function in quiet, but not in masking noise. These results suggest that young infants may have particular difficulty detecting low intensity broadband sounds when durations are very short.
Eastman, Brenda G.; Rasbury, Wiley C.
The practical utility of cognitive self-instruction training in facilitating the work habits and academic performance of impulsive first-graders was assessed in the context of the regular classroom. The training paradigm was modified and environmental conditions were arranged to facilitate the transfer of the cognitive self-instruction strategy to the classroom. Following training, there were no significant increases in on-task behavior or in academic performance within the context of a group design. On the basis of this and other studies, a drastic revision of the cognitive self-instruction paradigm seems indicated. Not only must training become broader based, but models must be developed that take into account the requisite cognitive processes for task completion as well as the cognitive abilities of the youngsters to whom training is addressed. In general, the incorporation of information from the developmental and cognitive process literature would appear to facilitate the development of more effective training models.
Woodruff, Michael L.; Means, Larry W.; Isaacson, Robert L.
Hippocampally ablated, cortically damaged, and intact control rats were trained postoperatively on a discrete-trial, go, no-go brightness discrimination task in an operant situation. The hippocampally ablated animals were found to be deficient on acquisition primarily due to inappropriate responding on no-go (nonieinforced) trials. The deficit is consistent with other operant brightness discrimination studies, but contrasts with the facilitated go, no-go alternation performance exhibited by hippocampally damaged rats.
Clark, Don L.
DeMand, Alexandra; Johnson, Cynthia; Foldes, Emily
The purpose of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Brief Autism Mealtime Behaviors Inventory (BAMBI). In a sample of 273 well-characterized children with ASD, we explored the factor structure of the BAMBI, determined the internal consistency of a newly derived factor structure and provide an empirically derived cut-off for the BAMBI total score. The new psychometrically identified structure consists of 4 factors: (1) Food Selectivity, (2) Disruptive Mealtime Behaviors, (3) Food Refusal and (4) Mealtime Rigidity. Internal consistency was acceptable. A cut off score of 34 is suggested based on our results. The new 15-item BAMB with an alternative 4-factor structure with clinical utility is promising in assessing feeding and mealtime problems in children with ASD.
Raiff, Bethany R.; Bullock, Christopher E.; Hackenberg, Timothy D.
Four pigeons responded on a two-component multiple token-reinforcement schedule, in which tokens were produced according to a random-interval 30-sec schedule and exchanged according to a variable-ratio 4 schedule in both components. To assess the effects of contingent token loss, tokens were removed after every second response (i.e., fixed-ratio 2 loss) in one of the components. Response rates were selectively lower in the loss components relative to baseline (no-loss) conditions, as well as to the within-condition no-loss components. Response rates were decreased to a greater degree in the presence of tokens than in their absence. To control for the effects of changes in the density of token and food reinforcement, two parts consisted of additional conditions where food density and token loss were yoked to those in a previous loss condition. In the yoked-food condition, tokens were produced as usual in both components, but the overall density of food reinforcement in one of the components was yoked to that obtained during a previous token-loss condition. In the yoked token-loss condition, tokens were removed during one component of the multiple schedule at a rate that approximately matched the obtained rate of loss from a previous token-loss condition. Response rates in these yoked components were less affected than those in comparable loss components, despite similar densities of token, exchange, and food reinforcement. On the whole, the results support the conclusion that contingent token loss serves as an effective punisher with pigeons.
Mosier, Charles I.
A rigorous and an approximate solution are found for the problem: Given a primary trait matrix forn tests andr1 traits, and a matrix for the samen tests andr2 reference axes, to discover the transformation which will transform the second matrix into the first, or primary trait matrix. Formulas for determining the limits of the effect of using the approximate solution are presented. The method is applied to a set of twenty hypothetical tests, defined by their loadings on four orthogonal primary traits. After factoring the inter-correlations of these variables by Thurstone's centroid method, approximating the diagonals, the original hypothetical matrix is reproduced with a root mean square discrepancy of .014 by assuming as known the primary trait loadings of only the first eight tests. The method is applied to the results of factoring two batteries of 14 tests, having 8 tests in common, to give the factor loadings of the two batteries on the same reference axes. The method provides a means of comparing directly and quantitatively the results of two different factor studies, provided they have tests in common, and of testing the stability of simple structure under changes in the battery. The relations of the method here developed to certain problems in multiple correlation are shown.
Shifren, Kim
The extent to which individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) show lability in optimism was explored in the present study. The relationship between optimism and perceived disease severity was examined as well. Twelve individuals diagnosed with PD completed self-report measures for 70 consecutive days. All individuals in this study showed lability in optimism over short time periods; however, 67% of the sample showed no pervasive negative changes in optimism over time. Increased levels of optimism on one day were predictive of decreased perceived disease severity the next day for one-fourth of the sample, after controlling for negative affect. Individual differences in the relationship between optimism and disease severity provided support for the idea that living with chronic illness has no monolithic meaning. More optimistic individuals reported less need for assistance with basic functional abilities than less optimistic individuals. The usefulness of lability in optimism among individuals with PD is discussed.
Yost, William A.; Berg, Kathleen; Thomas, Gerald B.
The frequency discrimination of a 20-msec test tone was measured for the same subjects in four psychophysical paradigms: a single-interval procedure, a two-alternative forced-choice procedure, a same-different procedure, and a method-of-adjustment procedure. In each paradigm, the 20-msec test tone was preceded or followed by a 500-msec, 800-Hz interfering tone. The interfering tone occurred 50 or 5 msec before the onset of the test tone (forward interference) or 100 or 5 msec after the offset of the test tone (backward interference). In each of the four paradigms and for each of the interference conditions the value of Δf for the test tone was varied symetrically around 800 Hz to obtain an estimate of the frequency discrimination thresholds. In all psychophysical paradigms except for the single-interval procedure, there were small or no significant differences in observers' frequency discrimination behavior among the interference conditions. The thresholds for Δf from these conditions were approximately the same as those obtained without an interfering tone. In the single-interval task, when the test tone preceded the interfering tone (backward interference) by 5 msec, an increase in the value of Δf required for discrimination over that required in the other conditions was measured. These results suggest that the effect of backward interference on a target tone does depend on psychophysical procedure.
Blumenthal, Terry D.; Berg, W. Keith
The present study assessed temporal summation of transient and sustained stimuli in the startle eyeblink response system. In two experiments, adult subjects received 95-dB(A), fast-rising broadband noise bursts of two types: (1) single stimuli varying in duration from 20 to 100 msec (Experiment 1) or 30 to 55 msec (Experiment 2) and (2) pairs of 3-msec bursts presented at interpulse intervals corresponding to the single stimulus durations. In addition, a single 3-msec pulse was used as an anchor point for both stimulus types. Though the temporal functions depended on whether startle amplitude or probability was assessed, both measures showed that temporal summation was similar for sustained stimuli and pulse pairs up to about 40 to 50 msec. Beyond this point, single stimuli maintained responding to 100 msec, whereas the second pulse of the pair quickly lost its effect. The results indicate that, although startle is influenced by summation of the sustained aspects of a stimulus, summation of transients produces an equivalent effect and does so with more acoustic efficiency (requires less energy). Response latency measures showed no significant summation with paired pulses, and only a narrow summation window for single stimuli. Thus, differential summation of sustained and transient information is demonstrated by all three response measures, but in different ways.
Behavioral thresholds of 6-month-old infants and adults were determined for 1/3-octave filtered clicks and 300-msec noise bursts with center frequencies ranging from .5 to 8 kHz. For noise bursts, differences between infant and adult thresholds were largest at low frequencies and smallest at 8 kHz. For clicks, infants' thresholds were most like adults' at 4 kHz, and age differences increased at both lower and higher frequencies. Differences between click and noise thresholds were significantly larger for infants than for adults at .5, 1, and 8 kHz, but not at 2 and 4 kHz. These results suggest that improvements in threshold for long-duration stimuli during infancy may not be accompanied by comparable changes in threshold at short durations. The delayed development of sensitivity to low- and high-frequency clicks appears consistent with maturational trends recently described for the auditory brainstem response.
Parent, Mike C.; Moradi, Bonnie
This study investigated the roles of indicators of the self-objectification process in women's condom use self-efficacy. Data were collected from 595 college women. Self-objectification variables were assessed with measures of internalization of cultural standards of beauty, body surveillance, and body shame. Participants also completed measures of perceived control over sexual activity, acceptance of sexuality, and condom use self-efficacy. Measurement and structural invariance were supported, indicating that the measurement model and hypothesized structural model did not differ across participants who were or were not sexually active. Structural equation modeling results were consistent with hypotheses and prior evidence indicating that body surveillance partially mediated the link between internalization of cultural standards of beauty and body shame. Results also indicated that body shame was associated with lower condom use self-efficacy both directly and indirectly through the partial mediation of perceived control over sexual activity; acceptance of sexuality was not a significant mediator of this link but was associated directly with greater condom use self-efficacy. These results connect the substantial literature on the self-objectification process with women's condom use self-efficacy. Specifically, these results point to interrupting the self-objectification process and reducing body shame as well as to enhancing acceptance of sexuality and control over sexual activity as potentially fruitful targets for interventions to promote women's condom use self-efficacy.
Lavie, Peretz; Levy, C. Michael; Coolidge, Frederick L.
Young adults were tested on the spiral aftereffect (SAE) for 8-h periods during the day and night. Using time series analyses, prominent cyclicity components in the perception of the illusion were revealed, with periodicities of the SAE the same order of magnitude as the REM-nonREM cycle. It appeared that the duration of the SAE could be used as a sensitive behavioral index of the basic rest-activity cycle.
Sloan, Denise M.; Marx, Brian P.; Bradley, Margaret M.; Strauss, Cyd C.; Lang, Peter J.; Cuthbert, Bruce C.
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Although the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most widely used measures of depression, there is some concern whether high scores on the BDI represent the nosologic category of depression or psychological distress more generally. In this study the high-end specificity of the BDI was examined using a clinical sample of anxiety-disordered individuals, a group characterized by high negative affect. Results revealed using a high BDI cut score produced moderate specificity and sensitivity rates. Additional analyses indicated an overall fair performance of the BDI in classifying depression in the anxiety sample and an optimal cut score for differentiating anxiety clients with and without comorbid depression was identified. However, using the optimal cut score resulted in nearly one third of the sample being incorrectly classified on the basis on their BDI scores. The findings underscore the importance of not relying solely on BDI scores to classify depression samples, which is a current common practice in psychological research.
The previous chapter introduced the neo-Kraepelinian movement and discussed its impact on modern American psychiatry. This movement was presented through a detailed analysis of the Feighner paper.
Levy, C. Michael; Olive, Thierry
The last half of the 20th century provided an opportunity for the explosive growth and development of research on writing. From a product-oriented to a process-oriented approach, new theoretical models of writing emerged. Following this shift in conceptual frameworks, new methods of investigations were applied in research. However, in the context of this development, careful analyses of the literature demonstrate clearly that systematic, theoretically-driven empirical research focused on writing has been barely measurable compared with research on speech production and language comprehension. Methods presented in this book illustrate how the study of writing processes is becoming ever more tractable with the use of real time methods that take advantage of their unobtrusive recordings of the writing process.
Rodrigue, James R.; Morgan, Sam B.; Geffken, Gary R.
Fathers have been largely neglected in previous research of families of autistic children. We compared fathers of 20 autistic, 20 Down syndrome, and 20 developmentally normal children on several measures of psychosocial adaptation. Groups were matched on child's adaptive behavior age equivalent, gender, birth order, family size, and SES. The three groups differed significantly on measures of intrapersonal and family functioning but not on social-ecological variables. Fathers of children with autism or Down syndrome reported more frequent use of wish-fulfilling fantasy and information seeking as coping strategies as well as more financial impact and disruption of family activities than did fathers of developmentally normal children. There were few significant differences between fathers of children with autism and those of children with Down syndrome. These results suggest that fathers adapt relatively well to the demands associated with raising a child with a developmental disability.
Johnson, James H.; McCutcheon, Stephen
This study examines correlates of the Beck Hopelessness Scale within an adolescent population. Consistent with studies employing adults as subjects, Hopelessness scores were found to be associated with depression and external locus of control. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between Hopelessness scores and an index of general maladjustment. The Hopelessness measure was, however, found to be unrelated to self-reported health status.
Griggs, Richard
Length and width judgments were made for modified Mueller-Lyer figures (the center shaft of each of the two figures was replaced by a rectangle). The rectangle with outgoing fins was judged longer and wider than a control rectangle of equal size with no fins, but longer and narrower than the rectangle with ingoing fins. The rectangle with ingoing fins was judged shorter and wider than the control rectangle. These results did not support Gregory's inappropriate constancy scaling explanation of the Mueller-Lyer illusion.
Severy, Lawrence J.; Forsyth, Donelson R.; Wagner, Peggy Jo
In order to obtain evidence of the effects of demographic parameters and measurement techniques on personal space, several different assessments were used to determine the impact of subject age, race, and sex on interpersonal distancing. Thirteen different variables representing stimulation, paper-and-pencil, and behavioral techniques indicated that as age increased, personal space requirements decreased, particularly for whites. Blacks as compared to whites required less space at age 7, and mixed-sex dyads tended to require more space than same-sex dyads. The results thus indicate that while some previous findings appear to be measurement method specific, others show intermethod consistency.
Swaine, Zoë
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Includes 1.59 Index Single Vision Lenses
You're sure to get noticed in these sleek and sophisticated Michael Kors 438 Black glasses. The shiny black metal frame front has a flattering rectangular shape and semi-rimless design. The acetate arms have a stunning shiny and black finish and the Michael Kors logo is featured at each temple.About the Brand
Michael Kors is recognized worldwide as a visionary designer of luxury accessories and ready to wear fashion. The Michael Kors eyewear collection is replete with stripes, Op-art flourishes, and urban minimalism, designed for the modern "front-row fashionista" who wants to wear it right now.

subset: commoncrawl


text: I wasn't sure where to post this problem, as it's physics related, but rather advanced in its math content (and it's a problem for my applied math course). 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data Considering a spring-mass system (like here), given that the nonlinear spring has force = qx^3, where q is the spring stiffness, what is the period of the oscillation when the mass is released from rest at x_0? 3. The attempt at a solution The equation of motion of the system is F=ma=-qx^3, so m*((d^2)x/dt^2)+q*x^3=0. Integrating, I get the energy of the system as (1/2)*m*((dx/dt)^2)+(1/4)*q*x^4. When released from rest at x_0, the system then has E=(1/4)*q*x_0^4. I haven't found examples of this type of problem anywhere, so any help would be greatly appreciated!


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Showing 97-132 of 132 items
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Comfort Inn - Rockford
The hotel is centrally located within one mile of several restaurants and shopping areas, close to I-90 and Business 20. Pets allowed with fee.
Book Stall of Rockford
Book Stall has 12,000 books on history, local history, military, cooking, art, antiques, poetry, fiction, technology, natural history, along with first editions, hard-to-find and antiquarian books. Find larger holdings in military, technology and religion. Book Stall also has a large booth in the East State Antique Mall.
Beef-A-Roo - Warehouse West
Not a chain, but a Rockford Original cooking it just for you. Sandwiches are made to order and the sides, including baked potatoes, are delicious. Each area location has its own, distinct personality.
HearthRock Café
The HearthRock Café is inside an upscale home furnishings and fireplace store, which was once a furniture factory and store with stone fireplaces, stone columns, carved balustrade, granite tables, and hardwood floors. Gourmet coffee and espresso, Belgian waffles and fresh bakery items are the norm for breakfast. Soups, salads, gourmet sandwiches and quiche are served at lunch.
Baymont Inn & Suites - Rockford
Whether your stay is for business or leisure, our guests can enjoy Rockford with our hotel's close proximity to area businesses and popular attractions. Guests enjoy our heated indoor pool and spa, fitness room, and complimentary enhanced breakfast at the Baymont Breakfast Corner which includes Belgium Waffles. Relax and take away the stress of the day in our pillow top mattresses. We offer contemporary rooms with the option to upgrade to a suite or Jacuzzi room. Our entire hotel has wireless internet access and several hardwire locations. We are pet friendly.
Staybridge Suites - Rockford
Staybridge Suites welcomes you for an extended stay at our hotel in Rockford, Illinois. Ideally situated just over six miles from downtown, Staybridge Suites of Rockford, IL is in close proximity to the Chicago - Rockford International Airport. Our hotel is also located near prominent businesses, as well as popular area attractions. Our pet friendly Rockford hotel offers guests a free shuttle service to the Chicago - Rockford International Airport. Amenities include a 24-hour business center, high speed internet, laundry services and complimentary breakfast.
Extended Stay America - State Street
Full kitchens in all rooms, in-room wireless Internet access. Conveniently located just off I-90 and Business Rt. 20. Near Magic Waters waterpark, CherryVale Mall, antique shops, OSF Saint Anthony Medical Center.
The Golf Shack
All-encompassing golf retailer, with a 10,000 square foot retail showroom, heated outdoor driving range, teaching academy, cafe, bar and beer garden.
Village Green Home and Garden East
A fascinatingly large garden center with outdoor furniture supplying customers from all over the Midwest. The center also takes care of all holiday needs with trees, trims and gifts. There's a Village Green West, too.
Howard Johnson Hotel - Rockford
Experience a winning combination of friendly service, newly renovated accommodations, and spacious, comfortable guest rooms with luxury touches. The hotel includes a heated indoor pool, fitness center and 24-hour game room. Home office rooms are available for business clientele. There is a restaurant and lounge on site.
Prairie Street Brewhouse
The Prairie Brewhouse is the best location in Rockford for hosting your event. With over 7500 square feet of flexible space available, we can host your event of up to 500 people. Perfect for hosting banquets, wedding receptions, parties, weddings, meetings, fundraisers, art shows, craft shows and more. Indoor and outdoor space available, including a deck area right on the river. Available for anything from a luncheon to a week-long conference. Overhead doors allow for easy unloading and setup. During the summer, Dinner on the Dock and listen to live music on Thursdays.
Victory Golf Range
Victory Golf Range is the Rockford area's only indoor golf facility that offers golf entertainment in a controlled environment. Amenities include a large driving area to see true path of golf ball, hitting bays with air-cushioned driving mats, a state-of-the-art putting green, fully netted ceiling, walls and perimeter to ensure a safe hitting environment, a full service restaurant and bar, large screen TVs with latest golf and sports programming, and free WiFi.
CITY:Loves Park
Beef-A-Roo - Cafe Style
Not a chain, but a Rockford Original cooking it just for you. Sandwiches are made to order and the sides, including baked potatoes, are delicious. Each area location has its own, distinct personality.
CITY:Loves Park
Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites - Loves Park
Located just off I-90. As with all Holiday Inn Express hotels, our ample complimentary "Hot" Breakfast Bar and Simply Smart baths are the leaders in the industry. Complimentary WiFi and hard wired internet are included. Offers 119 beautiful rooms equipped with a mini refrigerator and microwave. A Business Center and meeting rooms are available. We also have a heated swimming pool and whirlpool with outside patio and grills, a cardiovascular fitness center. We are a pet friendly hotel.
CITY:Loves Park
Veterans Memorial Hall
Dedicated in 1903 in ceremonies that included a speech by Teddy Roosevelt, Memorial Hall is a tribute to Rockford citizens who have served in the Armed Forces. Large wall plaques list names of fallen veterans, and cases in the main lobby, side rooms and the lower level display Armed Services artifacts including memories of the Civil War, the World Wars and Camp Grant. The renovated second floor auditorium is used by cultural groups for shows and presentations and is accessible via the elevator.
Candlewood Suites - Rockford
All studio-room hotel convenently located off I-90 and State Street (US BR20). With easy access to I-39 and US Routes 20 and 43/Wisconsin, Candlewood Suites-Rockford is perfectly located near business and entertainment centers. Near Magic Waters water park, CherryVale Mall, and numerous golf courses. Located adjacent to Van Galder Bus Terminal with 24 hour shuttle service to O'Hare and Midway Airports. All studio-rooms have kitchens with full refrigerators. "Candlewood Cupboard" offers frozen entrees, breakfast items, snacks, 50-cent soft drinks, personal items, etc. Complementary High Speed Wireless Internet.
Cliffbreakers Restaurant and Bar/Lounge
Overlooking the Rock River, furnished with antiques and architectural artifacts. Enjoy Cliffbreakers' Fauerbach beerstube lounge, martini lounge, eclectic menu, Carvery Buffet Thursdays, Seafood Buffet Fridays and Champagne Brunch Sundays.
Rockford Brewing Company
Rockford Brewing Company offers world-class beer handcrafted locally in a range of styles. Every glass poured is consistently delicious. The food menu reflects the change of the seasons and the availability of the freshest ingredients. Check the website for the live music performance schedule.
Garrett's Restaurant and Bar
Upscale, casual bar and grill specializing in salads, soups, sandwiches and pastas with specials every night. Attached to The Golf Shack, the combination of a golf superstore, driving range and full-service bar and grill is one of the first of its kind in the nation. Outdoor patio overlooks the driving range in the warmer months.
Residence Inn Rockford
Enjoy all the comforts of home in our lovely and spacious suites with full kitchens and comfortable living areas. Daily full hot breakfast buffet or our Manager's Social during the week. Relax in our refreshing pool and jacuzzi or blow off steam on the outdoor sport and basketball court. Enjoy free WiFi and our business center along with complimentary pases to 24/7 Anytime Fitness Center. Conveniently located close to I-90 and Bus. 20/E. State St., Magic Waters Waterpark, Midway Village Museum, Anderson Japanese Gardens, CherryVale Mall, SportScore soccer fields and ball diamonds, Rock Cut State Park and many local and chain restaurants.
Josef of Barbados
Renowned Austrian chef Josef Schwaiger offers fine continental dining from Barbados. Seafood and oyster bar with a simple but elegant interior. Reservations suggested for Friday and Saturday evenings.
Quality Suites - Rockford
Quality Suites of Rockford is one of the metro's all suite hotels located conveniently at East State Street off I-90. Hotel offers 95 elegant newly remodled spacious suites, including 10 whirlpool suites at prices you would expect to pay for a standard room in Chicago hotels; indoor pool, 24 hour fitness center and guest passes to Bally Total Fitness! Our full hot breakfast buffet features everything from biscuits and gravy to eggs, meat, waffles and more. Complimentary snacks and soda at Manager's Reception 5-7pm Monday-Saturday. Pets under 30 lbs. are allowed with no extra fee; 24-hour guest laundry and 2 business centers, Free Wireless Internet.
Beef-A-Roo - Rock 'N' Roll South
Not a chain, but a Rockford Original cooking it just for you. Sandwiches are made to order and the sides, including baked potatoes, are delicious. Each area location has its own, distinct personality.
Pearl offers an experience which is "upscale, from the chic decor to the original menu featuring high-end ingredients and sophisticated preparations." -- Shelly Hendricks for Rockford Register Star: "My Last Bite: Pearls's upscale dining doesn't cost a fortune"
Sleep Inn - Rockford
The Sleep Inn® hotel is conveniently located near the intersection of US Highway Business 20 and Interstate 90. This Rockford hotel provides superior amenities, including a free deluxe continental breakfast, free weekday newspaper, free local calls, fresh baked cookies in the evening and a fitness center. Business travelers will find free high-speed Internet access, oversized work desks and access to copy and fax services. There is also a meeting room available to accommodate most events and business functions. Celebration Suites feature whirlpools, fireplaces, sofa sleepers, microwaves and refrigerators. All rooms come equipped with free HBO, coffee makers and more.
Franchesco's Ristorante
Beauty, innovation, and culinary perfection only begin to describe the new Franchesco's Ristorante. The Salamone family proudly invites everyone to their new home for an unforgettable experience. The beautiful patio is perfect for lunch, dinner, small private events, or ceremonies with flowers blooming in season and a beautiful fountain to enjoy!
BMO Harris Bank Center - Disney on Ice Presents Treasure Trove
Disney On Ice presents Treasure Trove sets the gold standard with a magical medley of Disney tales in one jam-packed ice show that commemorates the legacy of Disney animated films. Get tangled up in Disney's 50th animated feature with Rapunzel and Flynn and enter the worlds of your other favorite Disney princesses -Tiana, Cinderella, Jasmine, Ariel, Sleeping Beauty, Belle, Mulan and of course, the one who started it all, Snow White. Ahoy, Mateys! Set sail with Peter Pan, the always sassy Tinker Bell and the cantankerous Captain Hook and his pirate pals on an adventure beyond NeverLand! Trek the wilds of Africa with Simba, Nala, Pumbaa and Timon as they discover the true meaning of the 'Circle of Life.' Tick-Tock! Tick-Tock! Don't be late to a very important date with Alice and the Mad Hatter as they march with the Queen of Hearts' Army of Cards. Set a playdate with Woody and Buzz Lightyear because the toys are back in town. Relive magical moments in this ultimate Disney animation celebration coming to Rockford!
Coronado Performing Arts Center - Menopause The Musical
Come join our sisterhood! This hilarious musical parody set to classic tunes from the '60s, '70s and '80s will have you cheering and dancing in the aisles! See what millions of women worldwide have been laughing about for over 10 years! It's the Hilarious Celebration of Women and The Change!®
Coronado Performing Arts Center - Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
One of the most enduring shows of all time, Tim Rice & Andrew Lloyd Webber's Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat is the irresistible family musical about the trials and triumphs of Joseph, Israel's favorite son. Directed and choreographed by Tony Award®-winner Andy Blankenbuehler, this new production is a reimagining of the Biblical story of Joseph, his eleven brothers and the coat of many colors. The magical musical is full of unforgettable songs, including "Go Go Go Joseph," "Any Dream Will Do" and "Close Every Door."
Swedish Historical Society - Lucia Concert
Rockford's Swedish Historical Society will be celebrating their annual Christmas tradition of Lucia at First Lutheran Church. A choir of children singing Swedish and English traditional songs will warm your heart and start off the Christmas season with joy.
The Nutcracker Ballet - Rockford Dance Company & Rockford Symphony
Delight in the magic of Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker, as Clara takes an enchanted journey filled with the beloved melodies and dance that have captivated audiences for more than a century. Guest dancers from nationally renowned dance companies join the Rockford Dance Company and the RSO to present this holiday tradition, great for the whole family. Saturday performance 7:00pm Sunday performance 3:00pm
Illinois Snow Sculpting Competition
As many as 70,000 visitors view these massive works of snow art each year. Teams from around the state will compete in Rockford for the right to represent Illinois in the 2017 U.S. Nationals Snow Sculpting Competition, and high school teams from the Rockford area will compete in the high school division the same week. The public is encouraged to cast their vote for the People's Choice award between 8:30am and 11:00am on January 23. Winners will be announced at the awards ceremony at 1:00pm in the Sinnissippi Park Maintenance Building. Sinnissippi Park is open to the public for sculpture viewing while weather permits. Viewing hours are daily from sunrise until 10:30pm. You may drive or walk through the park. Visitors are encouraged to take the time to walk through to maximize their experience and allow them to view the sculptures from all sides. Limited parking is available at Sinnissippi Park. Additional parking is available at Nicholas Conservatory & Gardens just west of Sinnissippi Park across N. Second Street.
Rockford Boat, Vacation & Fishing Show - Indoor Sports Center
The 2016 Rockford Boat, Vacation & Fishing Show will continue to be your one stop shop. Whether you are interested in buying a fishing boat, pontoon, runabout, personal watercraft, looking for the perfect charters, guides, lodging, or just needing to buy the right fishing tackle the show will have exactly what you are looking for. We have some of the most experienced Illinois anglers and guides giving seminars. They will be talking to you about what baits and lures to use, teaching you different fishing techniques, and much more. Bring the whole family and take advantage of the trout pond, Hawg Trough, and much more!
CITY:Loves Park
Home & Garden Showcase - Forest Hlils Lodge
The Home & Garden Showcase will showcase over 100 companies offering homeowners and apartment dwellers the convenience of comparative shopping for an array of products and services all in one place. See the latest trends in landscaping, decks, backyard ponds and waterfalls, remodeling, neat gadgets for the garden enthusiast and more! The Master Gardeners, Extension of U of I, will be on hand all weekend to answer all questions on gardening. Visitors are welcome to bring in plants they have questions on for the Master Gardeners to answer. Plus don't miss "Planters Row", the live plant sale! There will also be multiple interesting clinics on lawn and gardening.
CITY:Loves Park
Rockford Home Show - Indoor Sports Center
The first sign of spring is always the Annual Home Show and spring is the perfect time to start your indoor and outdoor projects! The Home Show is the place to see what is new in the home and garden market while shopping for new products, services, ideas, concepts and expertise on interior and exterior design. If you are dreaming of a new home or hoping to improve your existing home, this is the show you won't want to miss. The experts will be on hand to talk one on one and answer all your questions, see all the different options, set up appointments for quotes and get that spring project started. While at the show you can attend clinics/seminars on home and lawn care plus don't miss the entertainment for kids and adults! This is a fun event for the whole family and kids (under 12) and parking are free!
CITY:Loves Park
Heartwood Creations
Since 1978, Heartwood Creations has been creating finely crafted wooden jewelry boxes that are perfect for any occasion. Whether you're looking for a box for your pills or possibly something to hold small tools and other trinkets, our custom wooden boxes are the perfect fit. We create each box in our shop in Rockford, Illinois and will make sure that what you order is something you will love!