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Bloomberg by the Numbers: 6
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White House: Gardening and Doughnuts
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Iraq Ten Years After — 'Mistake' Registering Slim Majority in Polls
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Christie to Doctor: 'Shut Up'
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Geithner's `Full Ginsburg:' Sunday
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text:
I'm working on a Snow Leopard app and I'm doing some view animations (swapping them) and I've seen some older examples using NSViewAnimation. I'm wondering if these are completely obsoleted by Core Animation?
It seems fairly simple for me to use
[[myView animator] setFrame:newSwapFrame];
But I'm just wondering if I'm missing something, or if NSViewAnimation is still relevant (other than for backwards compatibility).

subset: commoncrawl


text:
3.4 - Reference Architecture
Engineering designs often fall into classes that share enough common needs that shared solutions are possible. Some examples from civil engineering include bridges, skyscrapers, and public roads. For bridges we have truss, arch, and suspension bridge types. Each of these has a repeatable design process, even though the details of a given location will be different. Bridges are relatively simple systems, mostly designed around carrying loads across their span safely. Skyscrapers are more complex, having to deal not only with load-bearing, but heating and cooling, lighting, water and sanitation, information technology, and other systems. The term Architecture first meant just the physical and esthetic design of a building, and the relation of the building's parts to the whole. In modern use, we apply the term System Architecture to the overall design of any complex system, and the relationships of the main elements to each other and to the outside world in which the system functions.
A Reference Architecture is then a high level design for a class of shared solutions, exhibiting their key concepts, relationships, and features. It is a starting point for later stages of design and becomes customized and more detailed for specific applications. A reference design saves effort because each application does not have to repeat the early stages of development. At the architecture level it is used to provide common language and understanding for Stakeholders, parties with an interest in a project. It is also used to identify technology risks and readiness level (TRL), and make early estimates of cost and schedule. It includes system level goals, design principles, an architecture description, high level interactions between elements and the system environment, general element requirements, and element descriptions. Supporting data for a reference architecture shows the reasoning for how it was arrived at. It includes data sources, analyses to support concept selection, and tracking from goals to lower elements. Reference architectures should be updated as the system concepts and specific applications become more detailed.
Design Goals and Principles[edit]
Design goals are the high level inputs for what we want the design to accomplish. Design principles are the high-level approaches, rules, and methods for how to reach the goals. When we get to specific applications and projects, the general goals are supplemented with specific design requirements, but that comes after we develop our reference architecture.
Setting Goals[edit]
In setting our design goals, we start with the basic idea that a civilization which provides for the needs and desires of its members is better than one that doesn't. Physical needs include things like food, shelter, and utilities, that are necessary to support life and protect from the environment. Desires include things like personal choice in how to spend one's time, where to live, and what to wear. Having to spend all one's time working at a job you don't like, just to meet physical needs, is less desirable than a choice of jobs, or even not needing to work at all and still have your needs met. We call a civilization Post-Scarcity if it supplies more than enough resources to meet everyone's needs, while not forcing people to do things they don't want to do or make unsatisfactory choices.
History to date can be described as an era of forced labor and economic scarcity. People worked, not because they wanted to, but because they had to in order to gain the necessities of life. Early 21st century civilization has reached post-scarcity for a small portion of the developed world - the financially well off and some retirees. For the vast majority of people, there isn't enough of what they need and want. They must work longer and harder than they might want to, and compete for the scarce supply of the things they want.
Therefore we choose enabling a post-scarcity civilization as a worthy goal. Our approach to reach this goal is to develop self-expanding automation that uses abundant renewable energy and raw materials as inputs. Abundant sources ensures our approach can apply to the whole of civilization, and self-expansion reduces the initial work and cost to implement the approach. The productive outputs are designed to meet people's physical needs, and automation makes it possible to do so without burdening people with work they don't want to do. There are other things that people want besides physical needs, like personal happiness, but that falls outside the realm of engineering. At this point we cannot say if our approach is a better way to reach these goals than conventional production methods. The end goal is desirable enough, to this writer at least, to try and find out, and hence this book and the related design work we are doing.
Design Principles[edit]
Setting goals doesn't tell you how you can or should reach them. For that, you need to adopt design principles which seem most likely to lead to your goals. It is the difference between choosing a destination for a trip, and planning the detailed route to get there. The principles we have identified so far include:
- The self-expanding system architecture should be suitable for a wide range of applications and locations. One which is restricted to only certain uses or places is unlikely to have civilization-level impact.
- People have a wide range of needs, and automated production capable of meeting those needs will be complex. Therefore the design process should deal with complexity from the start. The Systems Engineering method has evolved for this purpose, so we will adopt it as a primary design approach. We will not exclude other methods if they are suitable. In particular, software and large scale construction projects deal with complexity, so we will consider adapting some of their methods.
- A civilization which stops meeting people's needs, on a time scale that we measure civilizations by, would be a failure. We want our systems to continue functioning indefinitely, or at least for a very long time. Therefore we will likely include features like sustainability and recycling, and exclude using items in limited supply where possible.
Architecture Derivation[edit]
Top Level Architecture and Functions[edit]
To develop a system architecture, we use the functional approach drawn from Systems Engineering. This involves first identifying what we need to do (functions), without locking in how it is to be done (a design). By breaking the architecture into smaller pieces, we can consider alternative ways of doing each piece, how they interact with each other, and optimizing the total design. A complex design is also too hard to do all at once. Smaller pieces, and the linkages between them, are easier to design individually.
Meeting people's needs can be divided into three top-level tasks. These are making what they need (production), delivering to the point of use (transport), and finally using these items where people are (habitation). We can assign a top-level function to each of these tasks, and then derive numerical values for them (e.g. how much production, how far to transport, and how many people?). The three top-level functions can then be broken down into successive levels of detail to the point that each task is simple enough to design. As this is done, the specific goals and numerical values for each function, which are called Requirements, are divided up and passed down to each sub-function. The intent is that the pieces of any given function, and their interactions with each other, add up to meet the parent-level requirements.
People live in many places, and the resources to make things are also found in many places. We therefore introduce the idea of Locations where some subset of the Production, Transport, and Habitation functions occur. To reach our post-scarcity goal, we then design, build, and operate a series of Locations, each of which can grow and evolve over time. They do this by collectively using all the new automation and other technologies. Existing civilization already provides production, transport, and habitation at numerous locations, but it is not highly automated, self-expanding, or integrated as a system. Nonetheless we must use and interact with elements of the already existing civilization because there is no alternative. We design and build our new Locations as additions, upgrades, or replacements to parts of civilization. They function as distributed networks, because civilization is physically distributed. Although the network consists of nodes under separate ownership and control, it follows agreed rules (protocols) to interact among its parts and the rest of the world. This allows better coordination and more automation across the whole network.
The examples in later sections of this book are specialized applications of the general produce-deliver-use sequence. The Community Factory has all three, but on a relatively small scale, for the direct use of the owners. The Industrial Factory concentrates on the production step, and is on a larger scale. The Distributed Production Network assumes multiple smaller production locations with different owners. The Remote Locations example uses all three main tasks, but considers difficult and remote environments. That places more emphasis on building transport and local self-use. At a civilization level, we would apply some combination of all the examples. That is far too complex to design for as a whole. Instead we would apply common standards and interfaces to individual projects. We can then take a modular approach, so that each piece can connect more easily to the others, and use each others outputs.
Deriving the Production Functions[edit]
The core of the factory production flow is taking raw materials and turning them into completed elements. This is divided into four steps, each of which is assigned a major function, because the nature of the tasks are very different. Extracting materials from the environment (mining) is generally done outside a fixed production location, and frequently changes locations. It is often a batch process, where loads of material are extracted and transported. Processing takes the raw materials and converts it into finished materials by chemical, electrical, mechanical, or other methods. The processing equipment is often flow-oriented rather than batch-oriented, and uses stationary equipment in controlled environments. Finished materials exist in bulk or generic shapes which can be used for a variety of end items. Fabrication converts finished materials into completed parts which meet a particular design. A number of different machine types and processes can be applied to the same material, depending on the end use. Assembly then combines separate parts into completed elements, but does not significantly change the details of the already fabricated parts.
These four major functions are supported by three others which enable the core to function. These include control of the location, which instructs and monitors the other functions so they know what to make, and how much of it. Supplying power is necessary, because without it none of the equipment would operate. Inventory storage is needed because inputs and outputs are not perfectly timed across the system. Outside supplies typically arrive in batches which are somewhat variable in time. Outputs from one production step are not perfectly matched to needs of the next. For example, assembly of a new machine may have to wait until all the parts are fabricated. In the interim they are temporarily stored. The last major function, growing organics, is separate from the rest because living things generate wood, plant oils, fibers, and other products by themselves. They incorporate the various production steps internally as a living organism.
These eight functions cover the main operations needed for useful outputs and internal growth at a given location. When more detailed designs are developed, some added secondary functions may be required, but we don't anticipate more at this top level. These functions also do not include transport between locations or outside destinations, or end use of products. A particular project that includes more than just production would then have additional top level functions.
Deriving the Transport Functions[edit]
In addition to the production activity at a given node, a network requires transport between nodes and to outside sources and destinations. We can define the main transport functions according to the types of entities flowing between these locations. These include delivering:
- Energy, either electrical, chemical, or other forms
- Food, for people and animals
- Water and other fluids and gases, both for people and production processes
- Parts and Materials for production
- Tools and Machines for production
- Completed Items for people
- Legal Rights, to land and other assets. Land itself isn't transported, but it must be acquired or rights to use it obtained.
- Humans, as workers or passengers
- Money, or other financial resources
- Information, including design data, operating commands, and numerous other types.
- Wastes, including scrap, which can be recycled by others, and waste materials and energy that cannot be recycled.
The particular quantities and types of flows from the above list become design requirements for the elements which will perform them. For distributed locations, this can start with existing systems, and add custom ones over time. Our reference architecture groups these into the following functions:
- Transport Energy - conventionally distributed by an electric utility.
- Transport Discrete Cargo - includes food, parts, materials, tools, machines, and wastes that require environmental/handling protection and completed products for delivery.
- Transport Bulk Cargo - includes items which do not require environmental protection, such as some raw materials and wastes.
- Transport Fluids and Gases - includes piped and tanked delivery, such as water, natural gas, and propane.
- Transport Humans - combines habitation elements and increased safety with delicate cargo transport.
- Transport Data - includes legal rights, money, and other information types. Traditionally via paper, but now mostly electronic.
Deriving the Habitation Functions[edit]
This function is called Habitation because it involves places that people occupy or inhabit. This includes both residential non-working locations and work and transit locations, because people still have the same needs in all of them. If we consider the most basic needs that people have, they include shelter from the natural environment, and food and care of their bodies. Beyond these basics, most people desire personal space, a variety of physical items, interaction with other people, entertainment, and other services. We group these needs into a half dozen functions as follows:
- Protection from the natural outdoor environment
- Control of the internal environment
- Supplying food and drink
- Maintaining health and care of other bodily needs
- Supplying personal space and physical items
- Providing non-physical items like communications, information, entertainment, and other services.
Each of these will be divided into more detailed sub-functions
Applying the Design Concepts[edit]
In the preceding parts of Section 3.0 we identified a number of design concepts. These concepts are applied to various parts of the architecture and the design process as the details of a particular project are developed:
Project Phases - The functional breakdown we have developed only divides the system architecture by task, and not by time. However time is a strong element of both our high level goal and the evolution of locations and networks. Most people today are still in a condition of scarcity, while our chosen goal is to enable post-scarcity. Thus there will be a transition across time, as increasing numbers of people and locations reach post-scarcity levels. At the individual project level, we start with tools and equipment that exist today. To this we add some amount of automated starter equipment (i.e. a Seed Factory). We then start making parts for more equipment, based on factors like fastest growth rate or which machines are necessary before you can make certain other machines. Along with expanding production, we also output some level of non-consumable end-use items, such as houses. We start with zero such end items, and they accumulate over time.
In addition to the growth of locations, technology levels are not stationary in time. Within our projects, the automated systems and particular hardware designs we want to use are not developed all at once. Technology development takes a finite amount of time, and we may spread out the pieces of new technology and hardware due to budget and staff limits within the projects. Outside of specific projects, the available technology across human civilization also improves over time.
For such reasons of long-term goals, internal project evolution, and technology development it makes sense to divide a system architecture into time-based Phases. Each phase is then a smaller and simpler piece to design and build for the same reason we divide the architecture by functional tasks. Phases can in turn be divided into smaller sub-phases, and ultimately to a time sequence of tasks with a schedule. Phases are a useful way to organize a project on the time axis, but they are not required to be in strict time order, they can overlap partially or entirely. Inputs and outputs connect phases to each other and to outside the project in the same way as between functions. Since a phase, or individual tasks within it, cannot start until the necessary inputs are available, this drives the time relationships of phases and their internal schedules.
Other Design Concepts -
- System measures such as closure ratios and growth rates are applied to all parts of architecture as requirements and for evaluating designs.
- Standard economics concepts like margins, operating costs, and productivity are generalized beyond just monetary units to consider all types of resource flows, then applied across architectures, projects, and designs.
- Engineering concepts, such as a systems approach and modular design, are applied to all parts of the design.
- New concepts are applied as follows:
- - Resource accounting is used at all levels of the design to ensure all flows and resources are accounted for.
- - New software tools like process compilers are used in production across project stages, from research to operations.
- - Growth ideas and patterns such as starter and expansion sets, scaling and complexity, universality and location distribution, are used to define different examples and applications of the architectures.
General Architecture Description[edit]
The reference architecture can be described from several points of view. Functions describe what needs to done as tasks or steps, and their connections to each other and to the outside. They do not specify how it should be done as far as process details, or the physical implementation as far as what equipment is used. System elements are then the design solutions which implement the functions, and incorporate the process and equipment choices. We derived the main functions in the previous paragraphs. The next step is then to show how they connect to form a complete architecture. The details of the system elements, or even their presence at all, will depend on the particular project application. We will give some examples in our reference description, but it should be remembered they can differ greatly in a given case.
Another point of view is the evolution of an architecture with time. A given project typically requires a sequence of design, production, and operation. Inputs of preexisting resources must precede each of these steps, and outputs of finished items and waste products follow them. It is difficult to display the functional and time relationships in the same diagram without three-dimensional displays. For two dimensional diagrams we display the relationships on different axes. Project phases with plans and schedules organize tasks along the time dimension, while functional diagrams show the logical connections among them at a specific time or at all times in the project. The combined set of diagrams represent the whole project.
A Single Location - For the self-expanding designs we describe in this book, the production portion includes two levels of functional interaction. The first is how the main functions of a single location interact with each other and outside elements. The second is how multiple production nodes interact in a network. This generic architecture will be be developed in more detailed examples later in the book. Figure 3.4-1 illustrates the reference architecture for a full self-expanding factory location. By full location we mean it has all eight of the major functions that enable it to be self-expanding. These are Control, Power, Extraction, Processing, Fabrication, Storage, Assembly, and Organics. A small production node or a new Seed Factory before it expands may not have all of these functional activities. Each function will change over time by upgrades and new equipment, either supplied from outside, or produced internally. For clarity, this diagram only shows some of the key flows between functions. The green arrows are inputs or steps in the production flow from raw materials to completed elements. The blue arrows are outputs, either finished products delivered to outside users, or expansion elements delivered to each of the functions. The output from box F.4 Process Materials goes to F.5 Fabricate Parts. We use a broken arrow in this case and label the end points in parentheses like "(F.5)" to show where they connect, rather than having a large loop that crosses many lines.
A Network of Locations - Figure 3.4-2 illustrates how a distributed production network of multiple nodes can expand by collaborating. A node is a location with any amount of activities, from a single person doing design work or remote control of machines, up to a full factory. We only show two functioning nodes in the diagram, but a network can have any number of them. Each node can have different output products and capacities. Thus Nodes 1 and 2 exchange outputs, to supply whatever the other node can't supply for itself. The network interacts with outside civilization, and thus accepts various inputs and delivers various outputs as needed. The inputs will typically include labor, land, hard to make parts, and materials not found locally. Outputs include items for sale, and are used to help pay for needed inputs. Each node also produces items for its own self-expansion, and is shown delivering items to a new node location being built. Thus the network can grow in two ways: by expanding each node, and by building new nodes. The new node can be different than either of the older nodes. We expect a common growth pattern will be expanded full factories delivering starter kit parts to a new location, which then grows over time to another full factory.
Project Phases - A time sequenced growth plan for a single location or a network would consist of a series of phases. The first of these is Research and Development. This includes the design stages from initial concept through completed detailed designs for hardware elements and locations. Some items will require new component technology or software to be developed. New integrated hardware elements will also need prototypes built and tested. These are also included in the R&D phase. Later locations using the same basic hardware will have less R&D in total, focusing in the unique adaptions to a particular location.
Following the R&D phase will be an initial fabrication and installation phase for the first unit of production capacity, followed by one or more expansion phases. Each phase progresses through the production steps, delivering output products plus new items for self-expansion. A completed growth phase becomes an input to the next growth phase. The R&D for later phases can be deferred, and overlap production and installation of earlier phase equipment.
The first set of automated self-expanding machinery must be built with preexisting conventional equipment. So in general the first production and installation phase would be conventional equipment, followed by the first set of automated equipment as an expansion. Later locations or generations may begin with automated machinery made by already existing locations. Conventional equipment can also be used for self-expansion. For example manual woodworking or metalworking machines can make parts for more such machines. Automated machinery just does it more efficiently with less human labor. Thus the growth of conventional equipment can also be broken into phases, which may overlap the production and expansion of automated machinery.
Transport systems are needed as the delivery mechanisms between nodes and to outside locations. Since the inputs and outputs comprise a variety of resource types, they require a corresponding variety of transport types. In early phases of a project, or growth of a network, existing transport systems must be used, since new elements can not be built until production is functioning. As new transport systems are built and maintained by the production tasks, they can add to or replace the existing systems.
The habitation locations which people occupy as private living, work, recreation, and social spaces, will comprise a wide variety of detailed designs. We cannot predict these designs in advance, because we will not know individual desires, or what changes a particular location will require. However, people share common physical needs, so we can design shared pieces from which complete habitable locations can be built. We can also design the pieces to integrate with production and transport, and include features like recycling and long term maintenance. Like production and transport, the first phase of habitation can use existing locations, and then start adding to or replacing them in a series of expansions once new production is available.
Whether a phase involves existing or new elements, or they are manual or automated, similar functions need to be performed for production, transportation, and living space. Therefore we can use a shared framework for the functional divisions of a project, regardless of type or state. A shared framework helps maintain consistency and reuse of designs across projects. However, a given project may not include all the functions, or use them all the time. It may rely on outside elements to perform a given task, or a given function may not occur at all in the project.
General Function Descriptions[edit]
The descriptions that follow are in terms of a generic project involving one or more locations, with all parts of the produce-deliver-use architecture present. A particular project may not have all these functions present.
1.0 Production Descriptions[edit]
1.1 Control Location - This function provides overall control of project operations, including habitation, transport, and external flows, as well as controlling the production tasks at the locations. Individual production elements, such as a CNC machine, can also have their own local controls as needed. This function operates at a higher level where coordination across the entire project is important. It includes a mix of human-operated, automated, and software generated commands, issued locally or remotely, and transmitted to individual elements. The hardware elements for control will include computers, networking, displays, observation, measurement, and data collection equipment. Software elements include existing and custom written operations and control software. Control tasks include future planning, real-time operation, and retrospective analysis. The control function takes designs for the locations and the products it makes as input from a previous research and development phase.
1.2 Supply Power - This function is to supply all forms of power to the project, and converting it to the needed forms, including electrical, thermal, hydraulic, stored energy, and others. It also includes providing a significant surplus as a goal. Power can be divided by demand class - residential and control power should be more reliable than some industrial tasks that can be interrupted. It can also be divided into fixed and portable power. Examples of power supply equipment include outside utility lines, solar cell panels, and wind turbines for electrical power. Solar furnaces can be used for direct heating, and thermal storage for additional electric generation.
1.3 Extract Materials - This includes excavation and mining, water and air collection, and harvest of plants, either directly at the location or nearby, using location equipment. The goal is to obtain the majority of total materials from local supply, or from recycled local or outside sources. This can be divided into extracting from project-owned land, and using extraction rights to other land. Delivery of bulk materials produced by others using their equipment is not part of this function, it is an external input. Typical mining and harvesting equipment includes a variety of hydraulic and mechanical attachments to a common tractor core. This equipment would be manufactured internally where possible.
1.4 Process Materials - This includes conversion of raw materials to finished materials inventory, ready for storage, parts making, or consumption. It can use chemical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, or other processes, and operate as a continuous flow or in separate batches. Outputs from this function can include the following categories: stone and concrete, metals, ceramics, glass, wood, fibers, electronics, organic and inorganic compounds, fertilizers, and clean water. Because of the wide range of materials and processes, a single location may start out with only one or a few of them, and add more over time, or build up a local network of locations doing different tasks.
1.5 Fabricate Parts - This takes finished materials from processing or storage, plus outside materials supply, and transforms them into finished parts ready for assembly. Historically a wide variety of production machines and processes have been used for this function. We can organize these diverse fabrication tasks by the same materials categories as the previous Process Materials function. We can also list parts types such as castings, structural and mechanical parts, electrical, and electronic parts.
1.6 Store Inventory - This task includes storage for materials, parts, and completed items not currently in use. It includes storage for other Production functions, Habitation, and Transport. It also includes environment protection and control (i.e. buildings) for the other production functions, and land for industrial tasks. Warehouse space for storage and building space for a factory floor are functionally similar, and in fact one will likely be transformed to the other as the factory expands. Rather than accounting for them under multiple headings, we collect all the environmental enclosures here.
1.7 Assemble Elements - This includes combining parts and materials into higher level assemblies (collections of parts), leading to completed elements. It also includes dis-assembly of elements for maintenance or modification, with any draining and cleaning added as necessary. It can use any combination of human labor, robots, or automated processes, with local or remote control. Assembly can be divided into movable elements such as production machines and vehicles, and construction of fixed elements such as buildings. The latter may require temporary structures, weather protection, and cleaning tasks. Fixed elements may use modules assembled indoors to reduce weather delays and increase automation.
1.8 Grow Organics - This includes growing microorganisms, plants, and animals to the point of harvest to provide useful items. Pets and ornamental plants are placed under Personal Items in Habitation. It includes the land space to grow biological products, some of which may overlap with Habitation areas. Total land includes owned and leased land, and crop and timber harvest rights. The latter may be used to reduce costs during early construction. Some early timber may be obtained from construction site clearing if the land was well stocked.
2.0 Habitation Descriptions[edit]
2.1 Protect from External Environment - This includes passive protection of people and other habitation elements from weather, water, insects, and other outside factors. It also includes structural support of all habitation elements. This can be considered protection from gravity, uneven ground, and shifting subsoil, but stable support of the protective items is a necessary feature for them to work. In turn, the structural support requires underlying land for it to rest on, so we include all the habitation land under this function. We also include outdoor protection for humans in the form of protective clothing.
2.2 Control Internal Environment - This function covers actively managing the internal environment created by the protective shell in terms of temperature, humidity, lighting and other factors. It includes control inputs and sensors (such as thermostats), and active hardware which produces the desired changes, such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Passive thermal insulation was included in the previous function, and lighting, windows, and window coverings are included here as active devices. Emergency systems are also included here.
2.3 Provide Food and Drink - This includes supply of food and drink materials at the point of use for residents and guests, local storage within Habitation areas, food preparation, serving and dining, and disposal of food and drink wastes. The latter does not include human wastes, which are covered under Maintain Health.
2.4 Maintain Health - We need to include the actual human residents and guests someplace in the architecture, because they have inputs and outputs, and this is the chosen location. The tasks include supporting basic needs for sleep, sanitation, exercise, cleaning of persons and the internal environment, and filtering the latter, health monitoring, first aid and emergency services, and local examination and treatment.
2.5 Provide Personal Items - This includes the internal volume for private living and storage space, public or community space such as meeting rooms and athletic areas, and commercial space such as offices and shops. It also includes the physical contents of these spaces such as furniture and decorations. Decorative/non-protective clothing is also included. The total enclosed space from functions 2.2 to 2.5 then becomes a design requirement for 2.1 Protect from External Environment.
2.6 Provide Information - This includes communications, storage, and processing in all forms (text, voice, and video) for personal or commercial purposes, teaching materials, entertainment, and general information like news and weather. It does not include operational information for production, although this function may share common hardware and software elements used across the location.
3.0 Transport Descriptions[edit]
Transport in general can involve movement to and from external locations, between locations of a given project, and internally within a single location or building. All the different destinations may use shared transport elements, thus we organize the functions by type of item transported rather than where they are going. Transport can involve both mobile and fixed elements. An example is delivery trucks and the roads they drive on. Transport elements also include lifting and conveying devices to move objects horizontally and vertically, and both enclosed and open pipes, channels and systems. Thus a drainage ditch is a transport element for storm water.
3.1 Transport Bulk Cargo - This includes bulk supplies, including items for sale or to build new locations. Bulk items have relatively large volumes, but low requirement for protection from the environment or the shocks and vibrations of vehicle transport. Typical examples would be gravel and raw logs.
3.2 Transport Discrete Cargo - This includes transport of individual items which need some protection from the environment, and the shocks and vibration of delivery. Environmental conditions which can cause damage or contamination include temperature, rain, insects, and dirt. Quantities are typically smaller than for bulk items, and thus multiple items may be delivered in one load. Separate containers then help keep the various items from mixing or reacting with each other. Finally, the vehicle or containers may use devices to reduce shocks and vibrations to acceptable levels.
3.3 Transport Humans - This includes the transport of humans to and from project locations, and internally within locations. Humans have many of the same needs as discrete cargo, but also some additional ones. These include a higher safety level, added comfort features, optional manual vehicle control, and schedule priority. Therefore habitation type features, like heating and air conditioning, are added to the transport systems when people are transported.
3.4 Transport Energy - This mostly involves wired and wireless distribution of electricity, although some energy may be delivered in battery or thermal form.
3.5 Transport Fluids and Gases - These items require closed containers or fixed piping to prevent contamination and leakage. Common examples for fixed piping are water and natural gas. Common examples for closed containers are propane and diesel fuel.
3.6 Transport Data - This includes all types of data in all forms, electronic and non-electronic. Legal rights and money are items needing data transport to function, so we include their delivery here.


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Meeting Daisy Duck
August 28, 2013 By Leave a Comment
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Respond to Review of Buddha's Veggie
Review: We have been going here for a little while now, knowing that it existed through Happy Cow(thank-you)!!!My whole family loves this place. My son(the only non-vegetarian in our home)says that he would happily be a vegetarian if he could eat like this everyday(what does that say about my cooking hmmmm!)our favorites are the dried ribs, ginger beef, and chicken chowmein, and well just about everything!!! Their shrimps were a blast from my meat eating past. Everythings a little greasy(fun!) And we love the service. The only draw back is consistantly the mushrooms do not seem fresh. Oh well, thank God this place exists...a place where veggies can order and not feel like we are aliens from another planet!
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Ind vs Pak: PCB inspection team gives green signal to Eden Gardens
Top Stories
- Suit Boot ki Sarkar better than 'Suitcase' sarkar, says PM Modi
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- Heat wave death toll in Andhra, Telengana, Odisha crosses 2200
- Modi government decides to re-promulgate Land Ordinance for third time
- 'I want to seek forgiveness from her and God,' says Aruna Shanbaug's assailant
The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) inspection team today gave a green signal to the Eden Gardens after inspecting the stadium and facilities here for Pakistan's One-dayer against India to be held on January 3.
Happy with the facilities, PCB media manager Nadeem Sarwar said: "We are very happy with the arrangements. We spoke the the commissioner of police (R K Pachnanda) in the morning and he has assured me of a smooth conduct.
"It's a peaceful place. I don't think there will be any trouble.
Sarwar led a four-member team, consisting of Ehsan Sadiq, Sohail Khan, Usman Wahla to the inspect the venue.
Ten former Pakistani greats will arrive in India to witness the two Twenty20 Internationals and three-ODI series beginning on December 25 (Bangalore T20I) against India.
Sarwar said two former Pakistan cricketers will go to each venue but they were yet to prepare the list.
The inspection team had first went to the police headquarters at the Lal Bazar before inspecting the Eden Gardens that will host the second ODI.
The PCB team gave suggestions about security arrangements for the 500-odd special guests who are expected to arrive for the match.
No private parties for Pakistan's players during India tour: Nadeem Sarwar
The Pakistan Cricket Board has laid some strict guidelines for its players for the upcoming tour of India which includes restrictions on attending private dinner parties and not entertaining any friends at the team hotel.
"There are certain security protocols that we have taken.
The players won't entertain any requests from friends or fans to attend private dinner parties.
They have also been intimated that they can't entertain any guests in their hotel rooms," PCB spokesperson and GM (Media affairs) Nadeem Sarwar told PTI during an exclusive interaction.
Sarwar, along with Ehsan Sadiq (Director, Security & Vigilance, PCB), Usman Walha (Manager, International Cricket Operations) have come to recce the five venues Kolkata, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi and Ahmedabad for the 12-day trip.
... contd.


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Ashalata Movies and Career Information
Ashalata is an actor.
- Ashalata Movies before 2014
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Crossfire 2.0 Beta released1 year ago Crossfire 2.0 15 comments
A few weeks ago we have silently released a public Beta version of the Crossfire 2.0 Mod. Crossfire 2.0 contains 43 exciting main story missions which...
For those who still play and will continue playing Freelancer. You can post anything related to Freelancer or Freelancer modding.
A few weeks ago we have silently released a public Beta version of the Crossfire 2.0 Mod. Crossfire 2.0 contains 43 exciting main story missions which...
Now with new features and brand original content, Freelancer: The Knowledge has expanded to GalaxyLancer.
Better late than never, this rebuild of WoTF includes bug fixes and makes it easier to enjoy this Freelancer custom campaign.
Some people have had a tricky time getting this mod installed. Hopefully, the instructions given here will provide a consistent and successful installation...
Latest download (v02.a) now includes FLServer with the correct version number for you run your own multiplayer games.
No articles were found matching the criteria specified. We suggest you try the article list with no filter applied, to browse all available. Post article and help us achieve our mission of showcasing the best content from all developers.
Over 100 members!
The FL Community is still active!
Keep it up!
thanks buddy for the invitation....Its nice to be a member of this group!
No problem m8 :D
Thanks for the invitation ET1996
I'm glad to be the part of the FL group and MoDDB
Hehe ;)
The Latest Version of The Underverse Has Arrived...
Anyone working on any single player campaigns by any chance?
The Crossfire mod (the hugest one for sure, nearly 5.4 GB once installed but you only download 1.82 GB) has an EXTENDED SP CAMPAIGN !
It's really cool even though it's their first try on a campaign...
Hope you'll like it, I did.
New version of the Phoenix mod out v1.07, lots of updates, bugfixes etc.
Hi guys. First of all, thanks for the invite ET1996. Secondly, I'm a massive FL fan, have been for many years. I am currently leading a team in the development of a total conversion mod that is coming on slowly but surely. Some of the things to look forward to include totally unique ships, alien races, dynamic frontlines and hopefully an epic storyline worthy of Star Wars or Babylon 5.
Feel free to pop over to the Pegasus: Dark Prologue page and have a look at the few goodies we have posted on there. I'll admit, it is due for an update, but what with my kids and work, it's hard finding the time!
Anyway, thanks again for the update!


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math questions ...
math questions ...
Two buses leave Atlanta at the same time traveling in opposite directions. One bus travels at 58 mph and the other at 54 mph. How soon will they be 392 miles apart?
A boat swimmed 12 kilometres downstream and 12 upstream.The amount of time it swimmed is 1 hour and 40 minutes.Find the speed of the current if the boat's speed in a standing water is 15 km/h.
Triangle ABC is not similar to triangle DEF, and triangle DEF is not similar to triangle XYZ. Could triangle ABC be similar to triangle XYZ? In 2-3 sentences, explain why or why not? Make a sketch...
Please help me with this question and help explain what the answer is and how you got it step-by-step. Thanks!! Question/Problem: "Before/After Treatment...
I dont knowhow to find the perimeter of a polygon with vertics
Just random question
I need the standard form of the equation/ slope-intercept form of y=11.
∫ 54 sin(5t) dt ANSWER: - 1/ln(5) * cos(5t) + C #29, p414
∫ (eu)/(1 - eu)2 du ANSWER: 1/(1 - eu) + C #17, p413
∫ (x 2 + 1)(x3 + 3x)4 dx ANSWER: 1/15 (x3 + 3x)5 + C #27, p413
How many ways can a 2-person subcommittee be selected from a committee of 7 people? I need help with this problem please
equation in point-slope form of a line that passes through (7,-6) with a slope of 1/2?
How many ways can a 3-person subcommittee be selected from a committee of 6 people? I really dont getr how to do this specific problem I need help please
1. Sometimes slope is called "pitch". Look on the internet for an industry that calls slope "pitch" and give an example of pitch in the real world. 2. Sometimes slope...
Tanya bought five adult tickets and one child's ticket to a movie for $31.30. Li bought two adult tickets and three children's tickets for $19.80. Find the cost of one adult ticket and the cost...
8/(1 + x2) #39, p395
(2x^2 + x) / (x^2 + x - 2) dx Integrate by parts
I need answers with detailed steps


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Application Information
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Well we decided to get off the bus in El Bolson because i had had such fond memories of this place in the past. Several years ago the now current owners of Hostel La Casa del Viajero ran this place. They were really great people who helped shaped my view of El Bolson. The now current owners were kind and... More
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Be Wise can help you:
Physician Toolkits The Be Wise — Immunize Physician Toolkit for Children and the Be Wise — Immunize Physician Toolkit for Adolescents are easy-to-use guides, complete with a physician manual and materials you can use in your practice. The toolkits were produced under the guidance of an advisory panel of prominent pediatricians and other physician specialists convened for this purpose.
The toolkits contain best practice guidelines, vaccine safety information, complete details about ImmTrac (Texas' immunization registry), information about the Texas Vaccines for Children program, and more.
Be Wise — Immunize Physician Toolkit for Children (PDF): Updated in 2011, a comprehensive reference guide on childhood vaccinations for physicians and their staff. Plus, it offers educational materials for your office and patients.
Be Wise—Immunize Physician Toolkit for Adolescents (PDF): Updated in 2011, a comprehensive reference guide on adolescent vaccinations for physicians and their staff. Plus, it offers educational materials for your office and patients.
Patient Education Materials Check out the Be Wise patient education materials for placement in your waiting and exam rooms. All materials are in English and Spanish (PDF):
Letters to the Editor: Respond to articles in the news about vaccinations or use them to educate the public during key vaccination times (National Immunization Awareness Month in August or National Infant Immunization Week in April).
Health Care Worker Vaccination TMA worked closely with the Texas Pediatric Society, and the Texas Nurses Association, and the Texas Hospital Association to support state legislation that requires health care facilities licensed by the Texas Department of State Health Services to have a vaccination policy. The policy must outline vaccination requirements for each employee or anyone who comes into contact with patients in their facility, including physicians, volunteers, or others who are not directly employed by a facility. TMA has tools to help you comply. TMA Encourages Flu Shots for Health Care Workers Your vaccination policy will require health care workers to get immunized for the flu to protect their patients, themselves, and their families. Help spread the message by displaying this poster in hospital employee break rooms, physicians' offices, and other places where health care workers and staff gather. To order, contact TMA's outreach coordinator or call (512) 370-1470. Be Wise — Immunize Physician Advisory Panel These TMA physicians provide expert advice on Be Wise — Immunize programming and review materials created for physicians and patients.
Ari Brown, MD, Austin, pediatrician
Wendy Chung, MD, MSPH, Dallas, pediatric infectious diseaseSteven Cole, DO, Dallas, allergy/immunologyEdward Dominguez, MD, Dallas, infectious diseaseMartin Garza, MD, Edinburg, pediatricianKatharina Hathaway, MD, Austin, family physicianLois Ramandetta, MD, Houston, gynecological oncologyErica Swegler, MD, Austin, family physicianJason Terk, MD, Keller, pediatricianDaniel Vijjeswarapu, MD, Corpus Christi, pediatrician
Want to get involved with Be Wise — Immunize or need more information? Email TMA's outreach coordinator or call (512) 370-1470. Or contact her to sign up for TMA Giving Back, a monthly e-newsletter that keeps you up to date on TMA's outreach programs.
Be Wise — Immunize main page


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- Uploaded By fino
- 2008-02-06 16:46:37
Cake was covered in buttercream and accents were fondant cut outs. Enjoyed making this :-)
frostedbliss Says... 7 years ago
This is groovy baby! I love all of the details and colors. Great job!
Confectionary2 Says... 7 years ago
My son would love this! He has had 3 "herbie" cakes. Great job!
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text: I havent processed any in 3-4 years, but I used to use Prolab in Seattle for 4x5. They were good, quick, and much less expensive that most. I used them for years (even after I moved away from Seattle) and never had a single problem, and will use them again if I ever shoot more LF E6.


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Really, so those pics are fake and you *don't* really look like a monkey?
rofl. Damn they'll let anyone in this place. ~ Agreed! But only because they let you in
I have thus far stayed out of the ODP topics, and likely will... so heh... maybe now we can actually talk Texas real estate and not have to resort to name calling or comparing edit counts :P
Happy Birthday
He was about 12 or 13. He's a "grade" paint (ie - pedigree unknown), which means zip to me anyway cause I didnt buy him as a show horse, got him to ride. We have about 60 miles of shoreline out the front door and woods surrounding it, he gets a lotta trail time.
He is a beautiful horse. How old was he when you acquired him?
He's about 17 or 18 now. Technically a senior horse... but barring incident he could easily be a productive trail horse another 10 years plus. He's a great ride... easy gaits at all speeds and an auto-transmission smooth shift between 'em. He's a pleasure to ride.
How old is Cherokee?


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What do I need to do to receive credit for prior military training/education?
Answer ID 601 | Published 01/17/2002 01:13 PM | Updated 10/21/2015 03:16 PMWhat do I need to do to receive credit for prior military training/education?
Submit or have the following sent to the UM's Admissions Office for evaluation:
- a copy of your "Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty" (DD-214)
- an official transcript from your military service branch for military schools, correspondence courses, and occupations
Admissions Office
101 Wilder Tower
University of Memphis
Memphis, TN 38152-3520
Transcripts for Military Personnel
- Joint Services Transcript (Army, Coast Guard, Marines, and Navy)
- The Community College of the Air Force (CCAF)
- DSST / CLEP Examinations
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So what are some of my first thoughts and impressions once the IHSA released the 2013 State Football Playoff Pairings?
1. The Class 5A Upper bracket is loaded- no question that Class 5A before the pairings was shaping up to be a doozy, and the IHSA pairings didn't do anyone any favors playing in the upper bracket. How so? Four-time defending Class 5A state champion Montini Catholic (9-0) is the #1 seed and will have one of its toughest roads yet to get to DeKalb and a chance at its fifth straight state title. The Broncos open up against Morgan Park (5-4) then could face the likes of Marian Central Catholic (again) and say the potential winner of Joliet Catholic (8-1() and Kaneland (8-1). That's all before getting into the semifinal round where the likes of high seeds Sycamore (9-0) and Lincoln-Way West (8-1) could await.
2. Defending Class 6A state champs Crete-Monee (8-1) landed one of the toughest first round draws of anyone. The Warriors won its conference and also a #1 seed in the South quad in Class 6A. So what did that get the Warriors? None other than #8 seed Providence Catholic (5-4), who might be the most battle tested 5-4 team in the state. Providence played 7A/8A sized teams all season long in the CCL Blue so moving down to Class 6A could be a big advantage for the Celtics. Also both the winner of the Providence at Crete-Monee game (1 P.M. Saturday) might want to keep its bags packed since the next closest opponent in that quad is the Normal/Bloomington area. The same quad also included the Quad Cities (Rock Island/Quincy) along with East St. Louis.
[MORE: Week 10 Preps Power Rankings]
3. Drops downs- Mount Carmel (8-1) is the defending Class 8A state champs but will play in Class 7A this year, not exactly a move favored by some Caravan faithful. Batavia was projected as a bubble team once again this playoff season. The Bulldogs ended up in Class 6A, and the drop down is huge for a team that has yet to win a state playoff game in 7A but who has also had a ton of success in 6A. Rockford Boylan (9-0) also made the cut in 6A from a projected 7A school, and the Titans are an instant contender in 6A. Downstate Edwardsville (9-0) also ended up in Class 7A even though the Tigers were projected all season in Class 8A.
4. Second Round fever anyone? Potential second round match-ups you ask? How about Stevenson at Glenbard North (again)? Or Bolingbrook and Marist? Homewood-Floosmoor and Naperville Central? In Class 7A how about Mount Carmel and St. Rita? That alone could be a state finals type of match up. In Class 5A, as mentioned besides Montini and Marian Central Catholic, how about JCA and Kaneland? Or another go around of Springfield Sacred Heart Griffin and Glenwood?


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Books on China and Dinnerware.
Item #
Ceramic Art of Japan
Ceramic Art of Japan Tadanari Mitsuoka Tourist Library Vol. 8 A concise, comprehensive book for the keen student of pottery and porcelain wares. Ceramic Art of Japan gives the historical background and technical characteristics of one of the best known of Japan's industrial arts. It gives the ancient history of Japan and outlines the development of the earthenware of the stone age into the porcelain and china wares of the more recent centuries. Many illustrations,...
Circa: 1954
Condition: Used
Size: 5 x 7-1/4 inches
Type: hardcover
Country of Origin: JP
Manufacturer: Japan Travel Bureau
Author: Tadanari Mitsuoka
Edition: 3
Pages: 190
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See the attached picture for more information. But basically I'm shopping for a cheap BB tool that would allow me to undo my bottom bracket. It seems there are two options, one is a wrench type tool and another would be a socket type; there are many different standards for bottom brackets, so I have no idea which route to go. I also have no idea what model my bb is; all I know it's from a K2 2006 Zed 3.0. Ideally I would like to get a tool compatible with many bottom brackets.
Thank you,


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Asus J103 - The Bewitched Phone
As if Will Ferrell didn't have enough trouble, what with the sex tape and all, he's got to worry about the rest of the world promoting, seeing, and being disappointed by Bewitched. For example, we find the Asus J103, a phone featuring a beguiling cartoon Samantha propped on a broomstick. But who knows? Maybe Bewitched… »


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I always find it fascinating where writers get their ideas and, according to an article by Rachel Brutsch of the Deseret News, Brandon Sanderson was..Show More »
yes i would because the story line is gripping
There's no spoilers for Firefight, but if you haven't read Steelheart yet, then you'll probably want to skip this.
The second book of the Rec..Show More »
This is a short book, but very entertaining. It's an interesting side story about what happens after the events of Steelheart. It's read by the same g..Show More »


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November 29, 2015
Isaac Aakre threw a 46-yard touchdown pass to Clay Fisher with 1:00 left to give top-ranked Millard North a 17-14 victory over No. 9 Omaha North in the Class A final Monday night.
Aakre moved the Mustangs 68 yards in four plays -- all on passes -- after the Vikings had taken a 14-10 lead on Zach Martin's 7-yard pass to Casey Sales with 1:40 to play.
The Vikings (10-3) had a chance to force overtime, but Conner Phillips pulled a 32-yard field-goal attempt wide left with 13 seconds left.
Aakre ran 22 times for 110 yards and completed 6 of 8 passes for 106 yards and two touchdowns for the Mustangs (13-0).
Calvin Strong led Omaha North with 157 yards and a touchdown on 25 carries, and Martin was 9 of 24 for 154 yards and a TD.
It was the Mustangs' fourth state title since 2003.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
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The BEST
Prank Book Ever!
By Tarrin P. Lupo
Porcupine Publications
2011 by Tarrin P. Lupo
This ebook published by Tarrin P. Lupo and Porcupine Publications at Smashwords.
We believe that copying is a form of flattery and do not abide by the copyright laws. Those laws serve to restrict the flow of ideas, which no one can really own. Please share freely and frequently.


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Kenton Cool And The Legend Of Everest
02The Martyn Ashton Interview: Meet the Man Who Got Back on the Bike
03Legends Behind the Lens: The Dan Milner Interview
04We Asked Surf Star Coco Ho For Her Step-by-Step Guide to the Basics
05The Tony Hawk Interview: How Is The Birdman Still Flying High After All These Years?
06We Toured Britain's Action Sports Hotspots With The New Ford S-MAX
07The Legend Of El Dorado: One Man's Obsession With Finding A City Made Of Gold
08I Am Legend: How Audiences – Real Or GoPro'ed – Can Affect Your Mind And Performance
09Watch A Freerunning King Defy The Laws Of Gravity In This Urban Assault On London
10Living On The Blood and Urine of Dead Sea Turtles: The Shocking Story of A Sailor Stuck in Hell
Wakestock 2012 - Mens Poolgap Finals
A Wakeboarding video by whitenosugarproductions - 2,534 views
After five days of incredible riding on the Wakestock pool gap at the festival site, the field had been narrowed down to 8 guys for the semi's then four for the final on Sunday evening. Industy Wake Parks built the best rail setup we've seen to date and it demanded both technical and stylish riding in order for the athletes to get some money in their pockets! The finals were insane. Nico Von Lerchenfeld was on fire along with James Windsor who both looked to be favourites after the last knock-out rounds, but Felix Georgii destroyed the rails in the final to deservedly take the win and a cool two grand for his efforts. I can't emphasise enough just how exceptional the rail riding was this year!
Music: While You Sleep (Killaflaw Remix)
by The Rialto Burns


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Sam Dalal
From MagicPedia, the free online encyclopedia for magicians by magicians.
|Sam Dalal
|Sam Phiroze Dalal
March 4, 1946
Sam Dalal was the editor of Swami and Mantra
After phasing out of performing, he started his own magic manufacturing business called "Funtime Innovations."[1]
- Magic with a Marked Deck (1972)
- Magic with an ESP Deck (1972)
- All you wanted to know about Change Bags and 101 Tricks you can do with them. (2002)
- 42 Amazing Tricks and Stunts with Rope (2002)
- Patterns of Perfection Revisited (2011)


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Definitions for keep out
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word keep out
Princeton's WordNet
exclude, keep out, shut out, shut(verb)
prevent from entering; shut out
"The trees were shutting out all sunlight"; "This policy excludes people who have a criminal record from entering the country"
keep out(verb)
remain outside
keep out(Verb)
To refrain from entering a place or condition.
keep out(Verb)
To restrain someone or something from entering a place or condition.
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Tap search button to expand search options
Thousands of patients are treated annually with stem cell therapy in Mexico. Stem Cell Therapy can be offered in a 3 to 4-hour visit at the center or hospital. Most patients come from different locations and countries and after a 3-day stay at a local hotel they are allowed to go home.
if you want to find out more about Stem Cell Thereapy procedures you can check the list of the best Stem Cell Centers in Mexico, as well as several affordable Stem Cell packages.
This answer was provided by: Integra Medical Center
|What Are the Best Clinics in Europe for Multiple Sclerosis Stem Cell Treatment?
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This interview took place in the fall of 2010 while David was in Paris for the guitar festival there. Enjoy!
David Pace is really among the best guitar makers today! Great video.
I appreciate your idea here. Definitely it has a good content. Thank you for imparting more of your own thoughts. Good job!)(%%%%%%%%%%%%
Notify me of follow-up comments via email.


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US star Kevin Spacey debuts South African short
JOHANNESBURG (AP) -- U.S. actor and director Kevin Spacey sees opportunity for expanding film making in Africa, Asia and Europe.
Spacey spoke about his international outlook during a brief visit to South Africa Saturday for the premiere of a local short film he helped produce and in which he stars.
With backing from a whiskey company, Spacey ran a contest to find film making talent from the United States, Russia and South Africa.
A script from each country was chosen, and Spacey starred in and helped produce the three films, including South African Alan Shelley's "A Spirit of a Denture," which was given a red carpet premiere in Johannesburg.
The 26-year-old Cape Town writer-director's movie is about a workaholic dentist who gets a visit from a pirate.
Spacey recently starred in "Inseparable," by Chinese-American director Dayyan Eng. In the movie, which was filmed in China, Spacey plays an American expat who befriends a Chinese man played by Chinese-American actor Daniel Wu who is bogged down by work and marital problems.
"There is no doubt that as you start to look around the world, you start to look at the Asia-Pacific region, you start to look at what's happening here, you look at what's happening in European cinema, there's a lot going on," Spacey said in Johannesburg.
Spacer, who is artistic director at London's Old Vic Theatre, added: "I like the idea of going to as many places as possible and (having) as many experiences as you can."
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Organic Products
Organic ingredients contribute to better health through reduced pesticide exposure and increased nutritional quality. We make every effort to offer a great assortment of both non-certified and certified organic products. For more information about organic certification, visit our blog.
Desert Essence
Nourishing Shampoo for Dry Hair Coconut
8 fl oz Shampoo
List Price: $8.99
Save: $1.75 (19% off)


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LCB to promote more state wines in stores
The state Liquor Control Board plans to announce a new program today at the Pennsylvania Farm Show that could put more local wines on state store shelves.
LCB spokeswoman Stacy Kriedeman said a "PA Preferred" winery could select a number of wines to be placed in local wine and spirits stores.
"PA Preferred" products are grown or made in the commonwealth and bear a check-mark logo.
Local "PA Preferred" wineries include Greendance Winery at Sand Hill near Mount Pleasant, Christian Klay winery near Farmington and La Casa Narcisi Winery in Gibsonia.
Wines from some Pennsylvania wineries already are in state stores, but the program would further the effort to promote the "buy local" initiative, Kriedeman said.
"It gives consumers an opportunity to try products they might not otherwise have an opportunity to try," she said.
Board member Robert S. Marcus of Indiana and Agriculture Secretary George Greig will announce the program at 5:30 p.m. Thursday at the Farm Show in Harrisburg.
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Taipei Arrival Private Transfer: Taoyuan International Airport to Hotel
Landing at Taipei's Taoyuan International Airport and need to get to your hotel? Pre-book a professional, competent and reliable private transfer. From the moment you arrive in Taipei, you'll be provided with a comfortable and efficient transfer from Taipei's Taoyuan International Airport to your downtown Taipei hotel. Transfers operate 24 hours, 7 days a week.
- One-way private transfer from Taoyuan International Airport to your Taipei hotel
- Experienced and friendly driver
- Enjoy efficient and comfortable transportation in Taipei
- Transfer services operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week
What You Can Expect
When making a booking, you will need to advise your flight details and your Taipei accommodation details. Your transfer will be confirmed at time of booking and you will be provided with a voucher to present to the driver.
Vehicles used:
- Air-conditioned Nissan Teana (1 to 2 people)
- Air-conditioned Volkswagen Micro Van (3 to 6 people)
- Air-conditioned Toyota 18 seater (7 to 9 people)
Price is per person, based on 7 to 9 adults per car/vehicle.
Customer Reviews
November 2015
On time and good service
October 2015
Excellent service
Mark B
June 2015
Perfect Service. Pickup and matched flight timings perfectly
June 2015
Great service.
May 2015
The driver was waiting outside of our hotel exactly when they said they would be. Prompt and professional, highly recommended!
Ross M
New Zealand
May 2015
First Class
April 2015
Easy as pie...
April 2015
Perfect! On time. Nice clean vehicle. Knew the roads and where the hotel was. Highly recommend this service to anyone going to Taipei!
March 2015
Prompt courteous service
January 2015
Driver was there, took us to our hotel, no issues.