text:
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Origin Authentication in Interdomain Routing
William Aiello
AT&T Labs - Research
Florham Park, NJ
John Ioannidis
AT&T Labs - Research
Florham Park, NJ
Patrick McDaniel
AT&T Labs - Research
Florham Park, NJ
Attacks against Internet routing are increasing in number and sever-
ity. Contributing greatly to these attacks is the absence of origin
authentication: there is no way to validate claims of address own-
ership or location. The lack of such services enables not only at-
tacks by malicious entities, but indirectly allow seemingly inconse-
quential miconfigurations to disrupt large portions of the Internet.
This paper considers the semantics, design, and costs of origin au-
thentication in interdomain routing. We formalize the semantics of
address delegation and use on the Internet, and develop and char-
acterize broad classes of origin authentication proof systems. We
estimate the address delegation graph representing the current use
of IPv4 address space using available routing data. This effort re-
veals that current address delegation is dense and relatively static:
as few as 16 entities perform 80% of the delegation on the Inter-
net. We conclude by evaluating the proposed services via traced
based simulation. Our simulation shows the enhanced proof sys-
tems can reduce significantly reduce resource costs associated with
origin authentication.
General Terms
routing, security, address management, BGP, delegation
Categories and Subject Descriptors
D.4.6 [Operating Systems]: Security and Protection
Routing in the Internet dictates the path that IP packets take to get
from their source to their destination. In its most general form, this
path, called the route, is a sequence of routers and the links be-
tween them. To compute such paths, routers use a routing protocol
to exchange reachability data, and perform computations on these
data to compute the desired routes. Computing the correct route is
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a complicated task because of the sheer scale of the problem; sev-
eral hundred thousand routers have to perform a distributed com-
putation that must result in compatible results. The issue of scale
is somewhat mitigated by considering the Internet as consisting of
many routing domains; routing inside a domain is determined by
an intradomain routing protocol, while routing between domains
is governed by an interdomain routing protocol. Intradomain and
interdomain routing decisions are largely made independently.
The Border Gateway Protocol [27, 32] is the interdomain rout-
ing protocol used on the Internet. BGP routing domains, called
Autonomous Systems (ASes) announce IP address ranges, called
prefixes to its neighboring ASes. Each AS also announces the pre-
fixes that it learns from each of its neighbors to its other neighbors.
Thedesign of BGPreflectsitsegalitarianorigins: ASesaretrusted
to behave per specification and to perform due diligence in provid-
ing timely and accurate routing information. In other words, BGP
does not currently provide security. The need for security in inter-
domain routing has been widely acknowledged and evaluated [31,
18, 24, 9], and interim and long-term solutions are seeking broad
adoption [17, 9, 7]. Implemented by any comprehensive routing
security solution, an origin authentication1(OA) service validates
the delegation of address space between address authorities (e.g.,
IANA [15]), organizations, and advertising ASes. Origin authen-
tication is fundamentally grounded in ownership: the address may
be originated by an AS only if the owner has granted them the right
to to do so.
Thelack ofauthenticatedorigin information isincreasingly viewed
as a critical vulnerability of the Internet infrastructure [10]. In one
widely documented example, AS7007 announced it was the origin
for large portions of the IPv4 address space. As a result, a huge
part of the address space was incorrectly routed to that AS and led
to widespread outages [23]. Similarly, Zhao et al. found that there
are a great many causes that multiple ASes claim to be the origin of
a single prefix (called a MOAS conflict), almost all of them anoma-
lous [35]. The authors found that prefix hijacking due to apparent
misconfiguration was a frequent cause of MOAS conflicts. Other
outages were similarly enabled by incorrect origin and routing in-
formation [19].
This paper considers the semantics, design,and application of
origin authentication services. We begin by formalizing the seman-
tics of address delegation. An address delegation graph represents
the delegation of IPv4 addresses from address authorities, to or-
ganizations, and ultimately ASes. We show that the semantics of
address delegation mandates that any path (i.e., delegation chain)
?We use the term origin to refer to the AS in which a set of ad-
dresses resides. This is not to be confused with the origin attribute
of BGP, which specifies the source of routing information (e.g.,
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in this directed graph adheres to the following:
path is IANA
is an AS. In the origin authentication systems considered in this pa-
per, entities delegate address space by generating and distributing
proofs reflecting edges in the graph. To simplify, an OA proof is
a signed statement asserting that: a) an organization has been del-
egated authority (by IANA or some organization) over a specified
address range, b) that an AS has been granted the right to be the
origin of that address range, or c) that the address range cannot be
used (reserved). Verifiers collect and validate proofs correspond-
ing to the delegation chains. We apply a range of cryptographic
constructions to the problem of proof construction and consider the
complexities of their application in real environments.
While identifying constructions that meet the semantic require-
ments of origin authentication is a useful and necessary endeavor,
one must also evaluate their feasibility. However, any evaluation of
this sort must be informed by an understanding of the current use of
the IP address space. We develop an approximate address delega-
tion graph for the Internet from public data. One of the key results
of this investigation shows that the delegation of IP address space is
exceptionally dense: 80% of delegation is performed by 16 entities
in our approximate graph, and 90% by 122. Moreover, these dele-
gations evolve slowly. Such results are encouraging: proof systems
are most effective where delegation is both static and dense.
It has been argued that in-band origin authentication is inherently
infeasible. We compare the costs of in-band and out-of-band mech-
anisms via traced based simulation. Our OAsim simulator models
a BGP speaker implementing several OA service designs using the
approximate address delegation graph and collected BGP update
stream data. Our simulations uncover two central results. First,
the efficiencies afforded by our origin authentication designs make
in-band verification possible. For example, an in-band authenti-
cated delegation tree uses as little as one tenth the computational
resources of current solutions. Second, we found that proof sys-
tems that consolidate proofs by delegator can significantly reduce
resource costs.
This work isnot intended as a replacementfor comprehensive in-
terdomain routing security infrastructures. We do not specifically
address path or attribute validation. Hence, this work addresses
only one aspect of the larger interdomain routing security prob-
lem: the creation and validation of proofs of ownership and origi-
nation. The designs and results described throughout are applicable
to any such interdomain routing security service (e.g., S-BGP [18],
IRV [9], soBGP [7, 6]).
The remainder of this paper explores the design and practical use
of origin authentication services. We begin in the following section
by describing how address space is currently delegated.
?) the origin of the
?) the path is acyclic, and
?) the last node in the path
The IPv4 address space is governed by IANA2[15]. IANA del-
egates parts of the global address space to organizations represent-
ing commercial, public, or other interests [34]. Each organization
is free to further delegate some or all of the received address space
to any organization it desires, but is prohibited from delegating the
same address to more than one organization.
BGP is not aware of the existence of organizations. Autonomous
systems (AS) advertise the set of prefixes that they originate (i.e.,
the addresses within their administrative domain). While many
?The IANA function is currently contracted to the Internet Corpo-
ration for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which some
cite as the relevant authority. Throughout, we refer to IANA inter-
changeably to refer to both the ICANN organization and the IANA
address authority function.
Figure 1: IPv4 address management - All ownership of IPv4
address is delegated by IANA to organizations which may dele-
gate further. Addresses are assigned to an AS for advertisement
via BGP.
organizations maintain their own AS, many do not, and still oth-
ers (typically connectivity providers) may maintain more than one.
Each organization may assign its address space to the AS in which
the addresses reside. Hence, assignment is the process where an
organization gives an AS the right to originate a set of addresses.
Figure 1 illustrates several common ways that address space is del-
egated to organizations and assigned to ASes.
In the early days of IP, IANA directly delegated address space
to organizations. For example, as shown in the figure, AT&T re-
ceived 126.96.36.199/8 directly from IANA in the 1980s. As the
popularity of IP grew, it was discovered that having a single body
governing all delegation was administratively difficult. Hence, reg-
istries like ARIN [3] were introduced to delegate address space
received from IANA. Organizations, such as BETA in the figure,
currently request and receive address space from the registries (i.e.,
184.108.40.206/16). Assume that BETA is a customer of the provider
AT&T, and that BETA's network is serviced by AT&T's AS. BETA
delegates their address space to AT&T for the explicit purpose of
providing service. The practical limitation of this "provider" del-
egation classification is that AT&T is barred from delegating the
address further.
In practice, organizations are often delegated address space by
their provider networks. For example, consider an organization
DELTA(not shown) thatis acustomer ofAT&T.Assume thatDELTA
is given its address space by AT&T and wishes to be part of AT&Ts
AS. In this case, there is no need for delegation because DELTA's
address space is total encompassed by AT&T (both in the logical
and physical sense). Now consider an another organization AL-
PHA that is also a customer of AT&T but wishes to run its own
AS. ALPHA may wish to be its own AS to allow multi-homing or
simply to retain control over the interdomain routing policy asso-
ciated with its network. AT&T delegates parts of its address space
to ALPHA (e.g., 220.127.116.11/24) so ALPHA's AS can indepen-
dently advertise the addresses (e.g., as may be desirable for multi-
Assignment associates the addresses delegated to an organiza-
tion with the ASes owned by it. These addresses are configured
into routers which subsequently advertise them via BGP. From the
figure, AT&Tassigns theaddresses itis delegated tothe ASesunder
itscontrol (e.g.,AS7018 isassigned 220.127.116.11/8and 126.96.36.199/16),
as does ALPHA (AS2997 is assigned 18.104.22.168/24).
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AT&T retains control (originates) of 188.8.131.52/8 by assign-
ing the prefix to AS7018. This assignment is seemingly ambigu-
ous: because 184.108.40.206/8 is a superset of 184.108.40.206/24, they
both assert control over the same addresses. This is resolved in
BGP by the longest prefix matching rule: the longest prefix del-
egation/assignment (in terms of mask size) supersedes all shorter
prefixes. Hence, AT&T's delegation and ALPHA's subsequent as-
signment of 184.108.40.206/24 is always taken as authoritative over
the assignment of 18.104.22.168/8.
Delegation and assignment on the Internet is currently an ad-
ministrative process. There is no structure for validating claims of
address ownership and assignment. This paper addresses this need
by attempting to both clarify the semantics of these assertions as
well as define efficient constructions for their authentication.
A prerequisite of this work is a parallel management structure
for the secure management of organizations and AS identifiers and
associated cryptographic material. Seo et. al. have considered such
infrastructures in depth [30]. We assume an infrastructure for reg-
istering address authorities and organizations, as well as for the
management of certificates assigned to these entities. Furthermore,
authentication of speaker identity, and more generally of any as-
pect of the AS topology or path information, is explicitly outside
the scope of this work.
Early works in interdomain routing security characterized the
relevant threats and countermeasures [31, 5, 24, 26]. The identi-
fied problems are succinctly described by Murphy in her analysis
of BGP [24]. Her analysis shows that the vulnerabilities of BGP
directly flow from the following truths: a) messages do not have
guaranteed integrity, freshness, or authenticity, b) paths are not au-
thenticated, and c) there is no way to validate an AS's authority
to advertise a prefix. This paper focuses solely on this last point,
the lack of authenticated address usage. As identified by Murphy
and others, origin authentication traces the delegation of address
space between authorities (e.g., IANA), organizations (e.g., IBM),
and ASes. Seo et. al. uncovered the hidden complexity in the del-
egation of not only IP addresses, but of other aspects of the inter-
domain routing (e.g., AS numbers) [30]. The natural and almost
universally accepted method for tracing delegation in these large,
complex networks is through signed assertions. In practice, the
scale of the Internet mandates that these assertions be supported by
a certification infrastructure.
A leading candidate for securing Internet routing, the compre-
hensiveS-BGPextension to BGPaddresses awiderange ofthreats[18,
17]. Origin authentication is supported in S-BGP by an address al-
location public key infrastructure (PKI). Authorities in the S-BGP
PKI issue certificates binding prefixes to organizations (e.g., IANA
delegates part of an address space to ARIN, which in turn allocates
some of that space to AT&T, etc.). Certificates are used to authen-
ticate the validity of prefix advertisements. Address Attestations
are delegator signed statements that indicate an AS has the right to
advertise a prefix (i.e., delegates to the AS). Others have applied
more complex, but often efficient, cryptographic structures to the
problem of path-vector security [11].
Because of the costs associated with creation and validation (and
to a lesser degree because of BGP message size constraints), the au-
thors of S-BGP advise that address attestations should be managed
through an out-of-band mechanism. The proposed architecture de-
fines a collection of intermediate repositories maintaining certifi-
cates, revocation lists (CRLs), and address attestations. It is sug-
gested that much of the effort of certificate and CRL validation can
be completed by repositories. Centralized attestation repositories
mitigate the costs of validation during table resets (e.g., memory
re-initialization following a router reboot). For example, router can
rely on the repository to assert validity, rather than by validating
received or acquired proofs.
One challenge in the adoption of any interdomain routing secu-
rity solution is its integration with existing infrastructure. In the In-
terdomain Routing Validation (IRV) project [9], participating ASes
host servers called IRVs. Each IRVmaintains aconsistent corpus of
routing data received and advertised. Remote entities (e.g., routers,
other IRVs, application) validate locally received data by querying
source AS IRVs using an out-of-band and potentially secure proto-
col. This approach has the advantage that the query responses can
be tailored to the requester for optimization or access control.
The emerging soBGP protocol combines proactive security mea-
sures with anomaly detection [7]. Like IRV, the proposed soBGP
protocol focuses on incremental deployment. soBGP validates ad-
dress announcements in a way similar to S-BGP address attesta-
tions. However, in an effort to make the solution more incremen-
tally deployable, no authority (or structure of authorities) is man-
dated. Hence, users of the protocol are free to accept attestations
or other routing policy data from any entity deemed trustworthy.
Received policy data is used to identify and potentially discard sus-
picious BGP announcements. Because no structure of authorities is
imposed, communities of soBGP ASes may quickly bootstrap and
grow independently.
Whether by constructing and distributing cryptographic proofs
or by detecting divergence from received policy data, the works
described above acknowledge the importance of and address origin
authentication. Webegin our investigation ofthese issues in follow-
ing section by identifying a formal model of address management
and consider the design space of origin authentication solutions.
We conclude in the latter sections by considering the applicability
of these designs to the current Internet.
Origin announcement authentication can be characterized by re-
lations between organizations, ASes and prefixes. The central goal
of any address origin authentication solution is to provide evidence
of these relations. Typically taking the form of cryptographically
strong authentication tags, this evidence is used by receiving BGP
speakers to validate address advertisements. The construction and
use of these authentication tags is the topic of this work. We begin
by precisely defining the relations that will be authenticated.
Definitions: BGP address prefix announcements are essentially a
pairing between an AS number and a prefix. The goal of origin
authentication is to allow this pairing to be positively verified. Be-
fore describing origin authentication methods we will first formally
define AS numbers, prefixes, and BGP speaking organizations.
tem Numbers, where currently
BGP speaking organizations, i.e., those organizations to which AS
numbers have been assigned by ICANN [16]. For each organiza-
signed to it. Let
the other prefix registries.
can "own" prefixes and may subsequently delegate ownership.
Since all prefixes are possible in an origin announcement, we
take some care todefine themand their structurebelow. Let
? be the set of all Autonomous Sys-
??. Let
? be the set of all
??, let
??? be the set of AS numbers currently as-
? be all of the organizations in
? plus IANA and
? is the set of all organizations which
are denoted as
?be the set of all
?-bit IP addresses where
?? ?? for IPv4
?? ?? for IPv6. Address prefixes, often just called prefixes,
??? where
? is an integer between 0 and
?, inclusive,
? is a
? bit number, i.e.,
?. Note that this slightly
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different than the standard notation for prefixes
??? where
? is an
? bit long IP address and all of the
assumed to be zero. For the remainder of this section we use the
former, non-standard notation.
For the purposes of this discussion, an address prefix is a set
consisting of the appropriate addresses. More precisely,
? least significant bits are
with the
empty string so that
this notation
? which is simply all of the
?-bit addresses
? most significant bits equal to
?3By convention,
? is the
??? is the set of all addresses. Using
??? is equal to the disjoint union of the two prefixes
????? ?? and
???????. Moreover,
??? is a superset of
the superset relation defines a partial order on all address prefixes4.
This partial order is naturally represented by a directed tree5where
the root is
? for any
? and any
?. Note that
???, where the leaves are the singleton sets
edges, one to the left child
?? and where each node except the leaves
??? has two outgoing
????? ?? and one to the right child
it will be useful to extend this partial order to a natural total order
as we will see below.) If two prefixes are related by
then we will say that
a superprefix of
proper superprefix to denote the case that the two prefixes are not
equal. Note that the subprefixes of
subtree of the prefix tree rooted at
are the nodes on the path from the root to
Suppose, as an example, an organization
the address prefix
some parts of the addresses in
delegate some subprefixes of
may delegate
etc. At this point we are not restricting
or propertly. Thus,
although this is redundant or
conflicts with
use a subprefix of addresses under its ownership for its own hosts,
rather than delegating the ownership of the subprefix to another
organization, it will assign that subprefix of addresses to one of its
ASes. The BGP speakers of that AS will then announce the pairing
of that AS number with that subprefix.
Obverve that although
implicitly delegated to
subprefixes of
When a property of a prefix
property for all of the subprefixes of
has subtree semantics. For the time being we will consider only
explicit delegations or assignments. But we will denote which del-
egations or assingments have subtree semantics.
For use below we present a more formal description of a simple
set of delegation and assignment options. More general options are
discussed subsequently.
For a given prefix
more of the following assignments or delegations:
????? ??. Thistree isdenoted the prefix tree. (Forsome purposes
? ??
??? is a subprefix of
? ?? and that
? ?? is
???. We will use the terms proper subprefix and
??? are the elements of the
??? and the superprefixes of
??? inclusive.
? explicitly delegates
??? to an organization
? may want to use
??? for its own hosts as well as
??? to other organizations. Thus,
?????? ?? to
? and
??????? ?? to
? to behaving efficiently
? may also delegate
??????? ?? to
???????? to
? although this
?'s delegation to
?. If an organization chooses to
? only explicitly delegated
??? to
? the right to delegate or assign all of the
??? implies the same
??? we say that the property
? ??, an organization
? may perform one or
?Note that in this notation,
? ?? is a set consisting of the single
?This partial order is actually an upward lattice since for any two
prefixes there exits a prefix greater than or equal to both. This is
easily extended to a complete lattice by adding the empty set of
addresses to the elements of the lattice.
?Remove all partial orderings that can be inferred by transitivity
and represent each remaining superset relation by a directed edge.
This is the Hasse diagram of the partial order.
?? ?????, where
? ???, i.e.,
? assigns
? ?? to an AS
???? ????
?, where
??, i.e.,
? delegates
? ?? to
???? ??? ??, i.e.,
? declares
? ?? as RESERVED6;
? may perform zero, one, or more of the above options. The set
of triples is
prefix in the prefix tree and this entire collection of policies is
delegation policy. Every organization in
Asdiscussed above, delegations, i.e.,triplesof theform
have subtree semantics. For similar reasons, RESERVED declara-
tions have subtree semantics as well. Henceforth we will assume
without loss of generality that if
?'s delegation policy for
? ?? (?'s delegation policy
? ?? may be the empty set).
? has a delegation policy for each
? has a delegation policy.
???? ????
???? ????
? or
??????? ?? is in
?'s delegation policy then
tively, is not in
??? ?????
? or
??? ???? ??, respec-
?'s policy where
??? is any proper subprefix of
? ??.
Consider now assignments of prefixes to AS numbers. Such as-
signments do not have subtree semantics. To see this, consider the
following example in which
simplicity assume that
fixes to another organization.
numbers, say
make an origin announcement and thus
those prefixes is the null set. Moreover,
the example, suppose that all of
subprefixes of
match encoding for routing tables means that the IP addresses in
? has been explicitly delegated the
??? (and, hence, implicitly all of its subprefixes). And for
? does not further delegate any of these pre-
? may assign
??? to one of its AS
?. For many of the subprefixes of
? may never
?'s delegation policy for
? may assign a sub prefix
???, say
? ??, to another of its AS numbers, say
?. To complete
?'s delegation policies for proper
? ?? are null. The semantics of the longest prefix
? ?? will be routed to AS number
? while the IP addresses in
??? but not
gin authentication cannot defend against the attack that drops the
? ?? will be routed to AS number
?. Note that ori-
that IP addresses in
Such attacks are inherent to the longest prefix match heuristic.
? origin announcement. The result of such an attack is
??? get routed to AS
? rather than AS
? may be in error or it may attempt to cheat in several ways
and its delegation policy may thus be pathological. For example,
even when no other organization had delegated a superprefix of
?????? may delegate a prefix
??? to another organization
or it may assign it to an AS number while also delegating it to
another organization, perhaps mistakenly or maliciously. In these
cases its delegation policy for
Below we will enlarge the set of options available for a delegation
policy to allow for incremental deployment. Before we do so it will
be helpful to define the delegation graph in order to define valid
delegation policies.
The delegation graph
belled edges whose vertex and edge sets are defined as follows.
The vertex set is the union of the set of organizations
set of AS numbers
tices labelled R for RESERVED and
the delegation graph represent the delegation policies of every or-
ganization as follows. For every
?? to it.
? may delegate
? ?? to more than one other organization
??? consists of more than one pair.
??????? is a directed graph with la-
? and the
???. In addition, there are two special ver-
?. The directed edges of
? and for each triple of the form
is placed from
edge labelled
??????? in
?'s delegation policy a directed edge labelled
? to
? where
? is in
?? ???????. In addition,
?'s delegation policy for a prefix
? ?? is the empty set, a directed
??? is placed from
? to
?RESERVED indicates that
delegated. We include this for completeness, but for brevity defer
further discussion.
? ?? should be neither advertised nor
Page 5
Definition: A node that has one or more outgoing edges labelled
by a subprefix of
prefix of
Note that IANA is an ownership source for every prefix.
Definition: A node that has one or more incoming edges labelled
called an assignment terminal for
pointing to an assingment terminal for
edge for
Recall that by construction, for every prefix
? ?? but no incoming edges labelled by a super-
? ?? is called an ownership source for
? ??.
? ?? but no outgoing edges labelled by a subprefix of
? ?? is
? ??. An edge labelled by
? ??
? ?? is called an assignment
? ??.
? ??, every node in
? has at least one outgoing edge labelled
? ?? pointing to a node in
nal. Also note that given the set of delegation/assignment options
above, the nodes in
Thus, the assignment terminals are a subset of
Definition: An assignment edge is ASN-respecting if it is from a
Definition: A directed path in the delegation graph is monotonic if
the label of each edge in the path, except for the first, is a subprefix
of the label of the previous edge.
Thus far we have not constrained an organization's delegation
policies in any way. Except for the fact that the assignment ter-
minals are a subset of
can be arbitrary. It can have multiple ownership sources for the
same prefix, multiple assignment terminals, and multiple, intersect-
ing monotonic paths. In fact, the monotonic paths might even have
cycles. Below we define what paths in the delegation graph are
valid and then we will describe origin authentication tags which
can be used by those receiving BGP announcements to decide the
validity of the delegation path among other things.
Validity of Delegation Paths: A directed path in the delegation
graph is a valid delegation path for
? ???????? ???. Thus, no node in
? isan assignmenttermi-
???????? ??? have no outgoing edges.
???????? ???.
? to an AS number in
??? or to R or to
???????? ??? the delegation graph
? ?? if
a) the ownership source is IANA,
b) the path is monotonic,
c) the path is acyclic, and
d) the assignment edge is labelled
? ?? and is ASN-respecting.
A partial delegation path, i.e., one in which the minimal node
is in
monotonic and acyclic.
The Acyclic Requirement: The acyclic requirement for a valid
path requires some discussion. Consider a monotonic path with
a cycle and let
of the subtree semantics of delegations, such a cycle would seem
to give each organization on the cycle equal claim to subsequent
delegation or assignment of
?, is valid if the ownership source is IANA and the path is
? ?? be the smallest prefix in the cycle. Because
? ??. Clearly, an honest organization
? would not purposefully participate in a cycle of delegation. But
the local connectivity of
information to rule out being in a cycle when organizations which
are not
what we describe below when an organization
? in the delegation graph is not enough
?'s immediate neighbors are malicious or mistaken. In
? ?? to
in the partial path. With these
partial delegation path.
Null Assignments: As defined, a valid path for
assignment edge from
?gives to
? a set of delegation attestations7, one for each edge
? can determine the validity of the
? ?? may have an
? to
? which represents the fact that
?We adopt the term attestation from Kent et. al. [18]. In the ver-
nacular, attestations are proclamations of truth, and serve as good
metaphors for statements of address delegation.
delegation policy for
lowing. When an organization has ownership of a large number of
prefixes it may never make BGP announcements for a large number
of them. For example, several major backbone providers were del-
egated blocks of addresses of the form
tively own the all the prefixes that are subsets of their
for those they have further delegated. A provider's policy deter-
mines which of the subprefixes it will pair with which of its AS
numbers in BGP UPDATE announcements and which subprefixes
it decides not to announce, at least until it's policy changes. In
practice, only a small fraction of the possible subprefixes actually
appear in announcements (see Section 5).
Faithfulness: The definitions thus far do not rule out the follow-
ing: a delegation graph that is a directed tree rooted at IANA where
every path is a valid delegation path for a prefix
consider the simple case in which a valid partial delegation path
ends in
validity of the path. Now suppose that
the form
are members of the original partial delegation path. From one valid
partial delegation path ending in
tion paths, one ending in
see below, it is possible for
partial path ending in
proof of validity of the partial path ending in
Thus, a proof of validity of a delegation path is not sufficient to
guarantee that the pairing of a prefix to an AS number in a BGP
announcement is unique or to guarantee that the organizations on
the path have not been malicious or mistaken. To achieve this we
require something more.
there is at most one triple in its policy of the form
? ?? is the empty set. This represents the fol-
??? by IANA. They effec-
???, except
? ??. To see this
?, and suppose that
? has even received a proof of the
?'s delegation policy is of
????? ????
?????? ????
?? where neither
?, we get two valid partial delega-
?and one in
??. Moreover, as we will
? to construct a proof of validity of the
?and give it to
?and also to construct a
??and give it to
?'s delegation policy is faithful for
? ?? as long as
???? ?????, where
? ???;
??? ?????
?, where
??? ???? ??;
is faithful for
the graph is faithful for
Fact: There is at most one path in the delegation graph that is valid
and faithful for
Thus, it is sufficient for receivers of announcements to check
??? is a superprefix of
? ??. A path in the delegation graph
? ?? if the delegation policy of every organization on
? ??.
? ??.
a) the validity of the delegation path, and
b) the faithfulness of the delegation policies of the organizations
on the path.
We will discuss the former and the latter in turn below. But first we
will consider the issue of incremental deployment.
Incremental Deployment: We now describe a generalization of
the above scheme that will facilitate incremental deployment. In
addition to the three assignments or delegations listed above that
may perform for a given prefix
? ??, an additional option isallowed:
?? ??? ??, i.e.,
?'s delegation or assignment of
? ?? is
To describe the semantics of option 4 consider the delegation graph
? ??. Option 4 adds an edge from
? to every node but
? in
of a valid path remains exactly the same: the ownership source
must be IANA, the path must be acyclic, and the edge assignment
?. In addition, option 4 has subtree semantics. The definition


text:
This guy's dental practice is about 15 minutes from my house and every local news outlet is ALL over this
Type: Posts; User: Afree
This guy's dental practice is about 15 minutes from my house and every local news outlet is ALL over this
Their press release says they have RainBlocker and WindBlocker. (http://www.robinsonoutdoors.com/shop/news/scentblocker-introduces-new-spiderweb-safety-apparel/)
100 tyd
105 tyd
Hi All,
I have new SpiderWeb Recon Bibs from SB, with the Tree Spider Harness Built into the Bib. I have no use for them so I would like to sell. They do not have the tags on them but were never...
My Muddy has clips for them to hang on my chest
Pics to email@example.com would be appreciated when you have the chance.
Thank you!
Where ya located? :wink:
Warehouse Management Software Consultant.
My steelheads shoot better than FTPs :wink:
But really, they are dead on.
I know the guy who took the pictures and you're all right about Bluffton area. Unreal.
Not that I have seen
Want to sell?
Sorry to hear, Tim. Prayers and support as always.
Moon is causing some later movement IMO
I am at low 140's
Holy Santa Clause
Thanks, chief.
Got nighttime pics of a 135-140 8 pointer last night here. Dunno where he came from, I'm technically in Suburban Minneapolis but this property line is the border of it being...
Same bean field tonight but it's nasty out. 15 mph winds in my face and slightly raining.
Nice job hen!
I'm sitting now. Was able to sneak in at 445 without disrupting much.
Makes me want to never hunt the south ever
Came here to say just this. Except I saw them for $80...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Skulls & Roses Wedding Cake
- Uploaded By MyOccasionalCakes
- 2012-09-07 01:45:19
1/2 chocolate, 1/2 red velvet covered in MMF. Skulls are RKT covered with a layer of modeling chocolate, then a layer of fondant and hand painted. Roses are a fondant/mod. chocolate mix.
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text:
Try another tagmash?
Examples: history, Greece; chick lit, christian; sex, -fiction.
Tagmash: dancing, relationships
Mashing tags
dancing (Includes: dancing, dancing))
relationships (Includes: relationships, realtionships, *relationships, realationships, relatonships, relationsips, relationshops, relationshps, relationhips, relationsihps — 29 more, and relationships, reationships, relatinships, relationships", relantionships, relaitonships, ?relationships, relatinoships, rlationships, relationships(, relationshpis, beziehung, beziehungen, reltionships, relaionships, relaties, "relationships, relationship, reletionships, relationships/, relationshis, relatoinships, relationships), relathionships, @RELATIONSHIPS, RELIATIONSHIPS, Relationshipships, relatiopnships, relatioships)
Related tagmashes
dancing, fiction (89)
dancing, romance (59)
dancing, love (56)
dancing, young adult (44)
dancing, romance, young adult (38)
dance, fiction (33)
dancing, historical fiction (32)
dancing, young adult fiction (31)
YA, dancing (30)
dancing, fiction, young adult (28)
Overlap between first 500 books. Tagmashes do not exist until someone enters them.
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Historical fiction (24)
Humorous stories (19)
Love stories (15)
Domestic fiction (14)
Interpersonal relations › Fiction (14)
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High schools › Fiction (9)
Mothers and daughters › Fiction (6)
Filter: None (edit)
Top works (106) None
- Entwined by Heather Dixon
- Ten Cents a Dance by Christine Fletcher
- Song and Dance Man by Karen Ackerman
- Oliver Button Is a Sissy by Tomie dePaola
- Girls in Trucks by Katie Crouch
- My Mama Had A Dancing Heart by Libba Gray
- The Abstinence Teacher by Tom Perrotta
- Ballet Shoes by Noel Streatfeild
- Tuesdays with Morrie: An Old Man, a Young Man, and Life's… by Mitch Albom
- Strings Attached by Judy Blundell
- The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky
- Brooklyn by Colm Tóibín
- Labor Day by Joyce Maynard
- House of Dance by Beth Kephart
- The Almost Moon by Alice Sebold
- Eat, Pray, Love by Elizabeth Gilbert
- Mao's Last Dancer by Cunxin Li
- Dancing on the Edge by Han Nolan
- Dancing Backwards by Salley Vickers
- The Silver Linings Playbook by Matthew Quick
- Emma by Jane Austen
- Dramarama by E. Lockhart
- Twilight by Stephenie Meyer
- Delirium by Lauren Oliver
- Dream When You're Feeling Blue by Elizabeth Berg
- Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
- Memoirs of a Geisha by Arthur Golden
- Deal With It by Monica McKayhan
- A Company of Three by Varley O'Connor
- Quakeland by Francesca Lia Block
- Love Is a Many Trousered Thing by Louise Rennison
- Gone With the Wind by Margaret Mitchell
- One Hundred Demons by Lynda Barry
- Bunheads by Sophie Flack
- Step-Ball-Change by Jeanne Ray
- Captain Corelli's Mandolin by Louis de Bernières
- Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
- Copacabana by Barry Manilow
- Amazing Grace by Mary Hoffman
- Cell Block Tango by cast of 'Chicago'
- The Power of Love by Huey Lewis and the News
- Cold Cold Water by Mirah
- She's A Rebel by Green Day
- End of a Perfect Day #7 by Captain Joyce Leslie
- Ambitious (Premiere High Novel) by Monica McKayhan
- Dirty Words: Provocative Erotica by M. Christian
- 101 Ways to Dance by Kathy Stinson
- Out of Reach by Francine Pascal
- Church of the Dog by Kaya McLaren
- Two Queens at the Abbey by Elsie Jeanette Oxenham
- Swept off Her Feet by Hester Browne
- Save the Last Dance [2001 film] by Thomas Carter
- When the Stars Go Blue: A Novel by Caridad Ferrer
- The Abbey Girls Win Through by Elsie Jeanette Oxenham
- Queen of the Abbey Girls by Elsie Jeanette Oxenham
- Peeny Butter Fudge by Toni Morrison
- Schooldays at the Abbey by Elsie Jeanette Oxenham
- Wildwood Dancing by Juliet Marillier
- Robins in the Abbey by Elsie J. Oxenham
- Strangers at the Abbey by Elsie Jeanette Oxenham
- The Abbey Girls at Home by Elsie J. Oxenham
- The Abbey Girls by Elsie Jeanette Oxenham
- Maid of the Abbey by Elsie J. Oxenham
- Party Princess by Meg Cabot
- Kilt Dead by Kaitlyn Dunnett
- Dotter of her father's eyes by Mary M. Talbot
- Year My Sister Got Lucky by Aimee Friedman
- The New Abbey Girls by Elsie J. Oxenham
- The Abbey Girls in Town by Elsie J. Oxenham
- Ever by Gail Carson Levine
- Muchacho by Louanne Johnson
- Bare: The Naked Truth About Stripping by Elisabeth Eaves
- The Far Side of Paradise: A Biography of F. Scott… by Arthur Mizener
- Michael Jackson: The Magic, The Madness, The Whole Story,… by J. Randy Taraborrelli
- Stanley's Party by Linda Bailey
- Pop Princess by Rachel Cohn
- The Witch of Portobello by Paulo Coelho
- The Harmless People by Elizabeth Marshall Thomas
- You Can Do It!: The Merit Badge Handbook for Grown-Up Girls by Lauren Catuzzi Grandcolas
- Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in… by Kathy Peiss
- The Scrapbook of Frankie Pratt: A Novel in Pictures by Caroline Preston
- Fruits Basket, Vol. 2 by Natsuki Takaya
- Come a Stranger by Cynthia Voigt
- Before Midnight: A Retelling of "Cinderella" by Cameron Dokey
- Naomi by Jun'ichirō Tanizaki
- War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy
- Animal's People by Indra Sinha
- Bras & Broomsticks by Sarah Mlynowski
- Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak
- An Elegant Madness: High Society in Regency England by Venetia Murray
- The Moffats by Eleanor Estes
- Fruits Basket, Vol. 16 by Natsuki Takaya
- Calico Captive by Elizabeth George Speare
- Slowness by Milan Kundera
- Wish You Well by David Baldacci
- Petals on the Wind by V. C. Andrews
- Foe by J. M. Coetzee
- Any Human Heart by William Boyd
- On the Road by Jack Kerouac
- Street Magic by Tamora Pierce
- Jamberry by Bruce Degen
- Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha by Roddy Doyle
- Dance Dance Dance by Haruki Murakami
- The Birth of Venus by Sarah Dunant
- Wintersmith by Terry Pratchett
- My Antonia by Willa Cather


text:
What do I get with a general admission ticket?
General admission includes access to live musical performances, yoga and fitness instruction, food vendors, body wellness center, live art gallery, educational information, pop-up marketplace and more.
What do I get with a VIP ticket?
Everything general admission receives plus full access to a special VIP pavilion rooftop viewing deck which will feature additional bars & food vendors. VIP Tickets also gets you access to faster entry lines.
Can I buy a ticket at the door?
Yes, but there is a GOOD chance it will sell out.
When and where is Broccoli City Festival DC?
#BCFest DC will be on April 25 from 12:00pm-9:00pm at the Gateway Pavilion (1100 Alabama Avenue SE)
What is the Purpose of Broccoli City Festival?
Broccoli City Festival is a social venture of Broccoli City, with a mission to promote living a healthier more environmentally sustainable lifestyle in cool and relevant ways. We want people to have fun while empowering them to make informed decisions about their health and environment.
What is Broccoli City anyway?
How old do I need to be to attend Broccoli City Festival?
This is an adult event but 16+ can attend.
Can I volunteer?
Yes! Please go to the Volunteer page
How can I be a vendor?
Sorry Sold OUT!!!
Is there going to be Alcohol at this festival?
Yes, several bars with an abundance of beer and sprits will be served to 21+ but please drink responsibility.
What is the best way to get to BC Fest?
We encourage all attendees to take public transportation, bike, or walk. If you are going to drive we suggest you carpool (Uber is also a great alternative). The Congress Heights DC Metro (Greenline), is very short walk.
Will there be parking?
Yes, there is limited paid parking on campus and street parking.
When and where is Broccoli City Festival Los Angeles?
What should I bring?
Bring a friend or 5! lol... Dress weather appropriately, #BCFest will go on rain or shine; you can bring lawn chairs or blankets to relax on; your water bottle; If you'd like to do yoga we suggest you bring your own yoga mat.
Can I bring my own food and drinks?
No food, drinks, or coolers will be permitted.
What is the ATM Situation?
There will be multiple ATMs on-site, both near the box office and inside the festival.
Can I upgrade to VIP?
Yes, at the door
Do you have info, medical and first aid stations on-site?
We make every effort to create a safe environment at the festival. To ensure this, we have security and medical staff working throughout the grounds, as well as several clearly marked medical tents and information booth located in short walking distance from the stage. If you're experiencing any problems whatsoever, please locate a festival staff member, security guard, or police officer.
Am I allowed to exit and re-enter the festival grounds?
No. There is a strict no re entry policy.
Treat your wristband like your significant other, do not let it out of your sight. — lost, stolen, tampered with and/or confiscated wristbands will not be replaced.
I have a question that was not answered here, What do I do?
Email firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
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Dear Beer Goggles, it's time to see the eye doctor. With love, your biggest fan.
You must be Logged in to post a comment
can't agree more.
But wivout em yad never get laid!
Love this.
The beer goggles are why your fans are so big
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Blue-Grey Football
Blue-Grey All Star Football
Saturday, January 10, 2015
Game Time: 8:00pm
Gates Open: 6:30pm
Parking: 6:00pm
Tickets: $12 available for purchase at Raymond James Stadium
Box Office-Day of event- Starting 6:30pm
For more information visit: http://bluegreyfootball.com
Blue Grey Classic and Blue Grey Football was established in 1989. The company founders of Blue Grey Football, including National combines and the All American Bowl were Gus Bell and his son Erik. Today there are twelve regional combines held every spring at NFL Stadiums and practice facilities nationwide.
Top level prospects from the regional combines are invited to one of three super combines. The Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, The New England Patriots and the Arizona Cardinals are the hosts for these Super Combines.
The best of the Blue Grey are then selected to compete at Raymond James Stadium home of the Buccaneers or AT&T Stadium home of the Dallas Cowboys in the two All American Bowls.
The schedule for 2014 will also include 6 combines across Canada at CFL sites followed by an All Canadian Bowl.
Twitter UpdatesFollow @RJStadium
- Wishing you a Happy Thanksgiving 🍁🍂 #HappyThanksgiving https://t.co/xV2vU4omXQ
- Thursday Nov 26 - 1:37pm


text:
Starting to doubt I can BF
In week one baby is expected to lose ten percent of birth weight. Even more if it's a c-section (though I'm guessing that's not the case here). If loss continued past week one, there are lots of things that could have been going on. Not nursing on demand, tongue tie in baby, and yes, the reduction might have an impact.
What you look for are dipes. One change per day of life in week one. 6-8 changes per day thereafter.
Quoting Clei420:
My son lost a lot of weight and would nurse but nothing would come out and when I pumped I got about an ounce out of both sides.
Quoting melindabelcher:
How did you determine you weren't making enough milk with your last?


text:
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Everything tastes like Lysol. Am I dying?
You must be Logged in to post a comment
your starting to believe
well at least if you are dying, you had a chance to send an amazing text.
You will be if you keep consuming lysol...
The question is are you native?
Well, mom apparently you were out of Listerine so you resorted to "the next best thing" in between guys.
the only reason you are dying is because you live in Kansas
You ate pine nuts
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text:
Begin New Search
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John W. Van Dyke
member for 7 years, 1 month, 18 days
Add to MyFriends
Bio and Links
I retired in April 2005. I started doing genealogy in August 2005. It all started with my wife, Dianne,(Dianne E. Smith) and her interest. I've enjoy traveling to many cemeteries. Dianne would say, "My best friends were all cold". She passed away, November 12, 2007.
I have since married Bonnie (Snow) Johnson in 2009. I told her I would do my best NOT to let grass grow under her feet. Together, we enjoy "grave searching" for others as we can.
If you would like to use any photos I may have posted, all we ask if you give credit to us something like, "Photo courtesy of FindAGrave.com member #47060899".
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Bob Collins
2 Daniel Lott Suydams
There is only 1. An error in Green-Wood's online burial database makes it appear that 2 Daniel Suydams were buried in 2 different lots on the same day. The problem is that a DISINTERMENT date was uploaded as a burial date. On April 10, 1912, shortly after his wife's death, Daniel Lott Suydam was removed from his original burial place with his ancestors in lot 15652, and reburied with his wife in lot 33591. I have informed the member who created both pages of this accidental duplication, but will upload a photo of the grave in 33591 to both records pending the decision of the page creator as to which page to delete and which to amend.
Added by
Bob Collins
on Oct 11, 2015 12:24 PM
Joyce Gaddis
RE: Addie W Phillips
You are welcome John. I am glad I could help.
Added by
Joyce Gaddis
on Sep 30, 2015 7:40 AM
David Farr
Hersey Cemetery
Hello again John,
I found the location of the cemetery. For some reason there wasn't a map button and then suddenly there was. Couldn't possibly be operator error.
Thank you for what you have put up on this site. It is quite amazing. Funny, only a few years ago it wasn't really possible to get information like this unless you actually visit the place yourself. Technology can be a wonderful thing.
Added by
David Farr
on Sep 26, 2015 8:22 PM
David Farr
Hersey Cemetery
Good aftertnoon John,
Zadock Hersey is my 5th great grandfather and I am curious where the cemetery is actually located. Is it behind a church off of Hersey Ln. in Pembroke? That is the only cemetery I can see using Google Earth. I have been trying to map the movement of my ancestors using this program.
Unfortunately, a lot of the older generations were buried in small family plots or cemetery's not in use anymore and are in disrepair or simply lost.
I would appreciate it if you could answer this mystery for me.
Best regards,
David Farr
Added by
David Farr
on Sep 26, 2015 3:39 PM
Ann Parkinson
RE: John Emery Simpson
Thank you! And thank you for posting your tombstone photo. I am very appreciative!
Added by
Ann Parkinson
on Sep 02, 2015 6:29 PM
Me thinks you were in Sedgwick today! lol
If all goes well Tremont tomorrow 4 me.
Added by
on Aug 24, 2015 6:01 PM
Kathleen Swineford
thank you
THANK YOU!! I live in San Jose, California so Maine is quite a drive :) Headstone photo/post for Mary Upton Hill.
Added by
Kathleen Swineford
on Aug 15, 2015 11:06 AM
RE: Lawrence E Carter photo
You are welcome. Wish I had brought cleaning supplies- (water & nylon brush) - only had a wisk broom. :(
Added by
on Aug 09, 2015 6:48 PM
Bonnie Maskery
Ann Lambert
Dear John,
Thank you so much for the transfer of Ann A Lambert. And thank you for all your hard work.
Added by
Bonnie Maskery
on Aug 08, 2015 3:28 PM
Carolyn Russell
Columbia Cemetery
Thank you for the nice photos of Judith and Isaac Allen tombstones.
Added by
Carolyn Russell
on Jul 31, 2015 8:33 AM
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I got this timer (timer2) and it runs every 60 seconds.. And I got this second timer (timer4)
when 60 seconds are over, the timer2_Tick does a few things and initiates timer4. timer 4 makes sure to wait 4 seconds before coming in action (I need 4 seconds to be sure that all the downloaded data is there)
when these 4 seconds are over the timer should change an image and it does.. So it all works..
The problem is that every 4 seconds the image blinks.. the image is inside an datta template..
how do I stop that..?? do i need the Stop() or do I need an running counter..??
please help this is driving me nuts..
private void timer2_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e )
locationTextBox2.Text = "";
if (locationTextBox2.Text == "")
Weatherframe.Source = (ImageSource)new ImageSourceConverter().ConvertFromString("");
Weatherframe2.Source = Weatherframe.Source;
System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherTimer timer4 = new System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherTimer();
timer4.Interval = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 4, 000); // 500 Milliseconds
timer4.Tick += new EventHandler(timer4_Tick);
void timer4_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
if (locationTextBox2.Text == String.Empty)
locationTextBox2.Text = textBlock2.Text;


text:
Press Release Distribution
Filter NewsShow All Results
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News By TagInfertility
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infertility Press Releases+ XML/RSS
By HHK Healthcare Marketing
Dr. Stephanie Singleton of The Fertility Center of Charleston appeared on WCBD. She discussed endometriosis and the need for early evaluation. The Fertility Center of Charleston treats patients in SC and Georgia.
By Sparkles of Life
Sparkles of Life Presents "High Heels and Hats" Mother's Day Brunch with Celebrity Keynote Speaker Mariah Huq HOUSTON, TX- 3/ 20/ 2014- Sparkles of Life will host "High Heels and Hats" Mother's Day Brunch on Saturday, May 3rd from 11:30...
By Coastal Fertility Specialists
Coastal Fertility Specialists, one of the largest and most successful fertility clients in the Southeast, is opening a second Charleston office in North Charleston, SC.
By The Fertility Advisor
Boston, MA - Healthy Intentions, founded by Dr. Smita Parikh has created a "one stop shop" fertility coaching company, The Fertility Advisor, which consults with and advises clients, who are trying to get pregnant or have been battling infertility,...
By Order of Mercy
As pro-lifers around the country gained new encouragement from the various Marches for Life held around the country recently, it helps to know that some priests have gone beyond the norm in promoting life.
By HHK Healthcare Marketing
The Fertility Center of Charleston's Dr. Stephanie Singleton is hosting a free patient seminar in Savannah on March 3rd. To learn more call 912-354-8558. Registration is available online at www.fertilitycharleston.com.
By Groff-Hinman
American Reproductive Centers, recognized for its extremely high success rate, with pregnancy rates close to double the national average in helping couples conceive, have expanded its operations into Corona.
By ToConceive, LLC
Study draws attention to the need for a step-therapy in infertility treatments
By Coastal Fertility Specialists
Coastal Fertility Specialists is committed to helping people struggling to start a family. They are offering a Free Infertility Educational Seminar for those living in the Grand Strand area.
By University Reproductive Associates
Fechner to Bring His Expertise and Management Skills to the Donna A. Sanzari Women's Hospital
By HHK Healthcare Marketing
Dr. Stephanie Singleton of The Fertility Center of Charleston is the only female reproductive endocrinologist in the Charleston area. In addition, she serves patients in Savannah, GA, Columbia, SC and Conway, SC.
By Coastal Fertility Specialists
Coastal Fertility Specialists, one of the most successful fertility clinics in the Southeast, recently received national recognition for having the highest level of Patient Satisfaction in a network of the nation's top fertility centers.
By Marketdata Enterprises, Inc.
In The Baby Business, Recession Is Not A Factor. Demand Trumps Cost.
By Asian Therapeutics
Asian Therapeutics acupuncture clinic has recently moved to a new location in Midtown Sacramento. Their convenient new location at 2131 Capitol Avenue, Suite 307 features more space, premium new treatment tables, and expanded appointment options.
Coastal Fertility Offers a Way to Preserve Female Fertility Before Damaging Breast Cancer Treatments
By Coastal Fertility Specialists
Statistics show that more and more young women are developing cancer, at a time when they may also be considering starting a family. The treatments often result in losing the ability to have children.
By Natural Fertility Prescription
New information suggests up to 83% of recurrent miscarriages may be reversible through preventative Medicine. Surprising facts about what can cause miscarriage and what you can introduce into your diet, lifestyle and environment to reduce your risk.
By Brandspanpr
Family empowerment organization offers encouragement, support and fundraising for local families with "fun run" & IVF giveaway
By Georgia Reproductive Specialists
September Is National Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Awareness Month:
By Advanced Fertility & Reproductive Endocrinology
Dr. Gail Whitman-Elia, Medical Director and founder of Advanced Fertility & Reproductive Endocrinology in Columbia, SC has been recognized by "Best Doctors In America List" for reproductive medicine excellence as voted by her medical peers.
By Missouri Center for Reproductive Medicine
September 2013 is PCOS Awareness Month. To help provide education on the topic, MCRM Fertility is dedicating its focus to a better understanding of PCOS thru specific website stories/posts and a FREE Webinar, Monday, September 23, 2013 at 7:30pm CT.
By Reproductive Medicine Associates of Michigan
A popular event started in 2010 continues as Reproductive Medicine Associates of Michigan holds their 3rd Annual Baby Reunion on August 17, 2013 at Clawson Park in Clawson, MI.
By BRANDSPANpr
Family Empowerment Organization Opens Registration for 5k Charity Race and In Vitro Fertilization Giveaway
By Missouri Center for Reproductive Medicine
Missouri Center for Reproductive Medicine Takes Steps to Improve Missouri's Grade Through Outreach and Education
By Acupuncture Denver
CONTACT: Jane Gregorie Acupuncture Denver email@example.com 303.929.9582 Monthly Women's Infertility Support Group at Acupuncture Denver Denver, Colorado- June 1, 2013- Cristina...
By Procrea Fertility Centre & Total Wellness Centre
Participate in this Complimentary evening hosted by an MD, ND, DTCM, NLP and more! If you are serious about getting the best results in your fertility journey, take action now and call today to RSVP for this very important talk.
By My Fertility Awareness
My Fertility Awareness has completed a thirteen session course with Joyful Living Services to help other advocates learn more about fertility.
By Florida Complete Wellness, Inc.
Florida Complete Wellness, Inc. Joins With RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association To Observe National Infertility Awareness Week. National Public Education Initiative Takes Place April 21-April 27, 2013.
By Asian Therapeutics
Asian Therapeutics Joins With RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association To Observe National Infertility Awareness Week® National Public Education Initiative Takes Place April 21-April 27, 2013
By Acupuncture Denver
In Honor of National Infertility Awareness Week April 21-27,...
By Santa Monica Fertility
A recent study led by Dr. Ulla-Britt Wennerholm, MID, concludes that babies born from frozen embryos have better outcomes compared to babies born from fresh embryos, but worse outcomes compared to the non-IVF general population.
By RESOLVE New England
RESOLVE New England (RNE), the region's infertility support, education, and advocacy organization, is pleased to announce that Unisense FertiliTech A/S has become a sponsor of RNE's Infertility Clinic Outreach Program.
By Reproductive Associates of Delaware
Reproductive Associates of Delaware is reporting significant improvement in successful pregnancies when pre-implantation genetic screening of embryos is utilized prior to uterine transfer.
By Coastal Fertility Specialists
One of the most important medical conferences in the US focusing on the field of Reproductive Medicine is being hosted by Coastal Fertility Specialists. The Donor Egg Meeting comes to Charleston, SC, Feb 28 – Mar 3, 2013, at Charleston Place Hotel.
By Natural Fertility Prescription
What if you could improve sperm health and overcome male fertility problems simply by changing your diet and making some lifestyle adjustments? A new approach from Swiss-based Natural Fertility specialist Iva Keene may hold the answer.
By Mark Perloe
On the first Wednesday of each month, Georgia Reproductive Specialists physicians host educational seminars for individuals and couples who are exploring the options available for infertility treatment.
By WISE Rice LLC
Dr. Mario Vega, of the World Institute of Surgical Excellence, has a success rate more than twice the average and at a cost less than half of that in the US. He operates an IVF clinic located in Johns Hopkins Intl Hospital, Punta Pacifica, Panama.
By Reproductive Associates of Delaware
Reproductive Associates of Delaware has affiliated with My Egg Bank, North America to provide highly effective, low cost frozen donor egg services with success rates equal to or greater than traditional fresh egg donation.
By Jackson Enterprises
Are the Pregnancy Miracle reviews a hoax or are real life women finally finding honest hope with real answers? Lisa Olsen reaches couples in need, when modern medicine fails to deliver.
By Coastal Fertility Specialists
In an effort to lower the financial risk for couples going through fertility treatments, Coastal Fertility Specialists is offering The Attain IVF Refund Program. This program provides multiple IVF treatment cycles for a single discounted, fixed fee.
By Georgia Reproductive Specialists
Mind-Body, IVF and Fertility Options: Wednesday, December 12 at 7:00 p.m.
By Coastal Fertility Specialists
The Donor Egg Meeting returns to Charleston, SC, Feb 28 – Mar 3, 2013, at Charleston Place Hotel. The Donor Egg Meeting is a symposium which focuses on the technology of egg donation and third party reproduction in the treatment of infertility.
By Reproductive Medical Associates of New York
Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York (RMA of New York) is proud to support ASRM in their recent decision to lift oocyte cryopreservation from its "experimental" label.
By Georgia Reproductive Specialists
Georgia Reproductive Specialists is now offering substantial savings to military members.
By Fertility & Women's Health Center of Louisiana
Fertility & Women's Health Center to Welcome Its 1,678 Babies at Reunion
By Coastal Fertility Specialists
Dr. Michael Slowey of Coastal Fertility Specialists is the only Reproductive Endocrinologist in the state of South Carolina to make the peer-nominated US News and World Report Top Doctor's List.
By RMA of New York
RMA of New York is a full-service fertility center, specializing in in vitro fertilization (IVF), egg donation (ovum donation), egg freezing (oocyte cryopreservation), reproductive surgeries and male reproductive medicine.
By How Food Heals
New, highly effective infertility program launches. Learn how to optimize fertility naturally.
By Coastal Fertility Specialists
Attend Coastal Fertility Specialists' FREE Infertility Educational Seminar on Wed, October 3, 2012 at the North Charleston Convention Center at 6:00pm. All attendees receive a complimentary New Patient Consultation and Ultrasound, a $250 value.
By Bourn Hall Clinic India
At Bourn Hall Clinic India you will get all infertility treatments including surrogacy India which you can fulfill your parenting dream successfully. We will arrange a proper surrogate mother for you and take care of all the legal matter.
By Reproductive Medicine Associates of Michigan
RMA of Michigan welcomes back former fertility patients and their families to their second Baby Reunion. The much anticipated day will allow patients to reconnect with the staff that helped them conceive.
Page updated every 10 minutes


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The Founders' Almanac : A Practical Guide to the Notable Events, Greatest Leaders and Most Eloquent Words of the American Founding
AUTHOR: Matthew Spalding
PUBLISHER: Heritage Foundation
Also available at Amazon.com
This book is not guaranteed to come with supple-
mental materials (access codes, CD's, DVDs, etc.)
mental materials (access codes, CD's, DVDs, etc.)
21 Day Unconditional Guarantee
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D5100, SB700 and SB910
Started Nov 14, 2012 | Questions thread
Shop cameras & lenses ▾
Veteran Member • Posts: 4,564 • Gear list
Write a snail mail letter to Nikon. You'd have to get in contact with them to ask who to address it to. I don't like your chances. It is getting to the point where it's not worth repairing Nikon gear and I suspect that this is exactly how Nikon wants it. You'll have to decide if the small chance of getting resolution is worth the effort.
If you can find a setup that works for you with one of your other flashes as master, I'd go with that. Costs you nothing. Least stress. Otherwise sell the SB-700, disclosing the problem and put that towards a new flash.
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Angel ep by ep; rewatch and reviews
View Single Post
September 1 2010, 10:22 AM
Fleet Captain
Re: Angel ep by ep; rewatch and reviews
Lilah isn't pure evil as the events of season 4 will prove. But we'll talk about that when we come to it. Lilah and Wes' relationship with her is one of my favourite aspects of the show. Redemption a big theme in the Buffyverse
The Good;
The tragedy of Wesley Wyndham Price, it's a powerful 40 minutes, the rug well and truly pulled out from under the viewers feet.
The Bad;
Kim's demon transformation and the Rathers generally look stupid but it is effective. Exactly how much of Connor's blood does Lilah have to lace Angel's with? Surely Holtz and Justine should go a little farther than Utah to avoid Angel? (it's a cliche of American fiction that people who go on the run for some reason seldom go outside the US?)
Best line:
Wes; "You work for a man who you think is noble and good. I respect that but he's not. I work for a vampire who in fact is noble and good. Quirky but there it is"
Jeez, how did they get away with that?
Justine all busted up then SLITTING WES' THROAT!
Apocalypses: 5
Angel Cliches
Inverting the Hollywood cliche;
In disguise; 8
DB get's his shirt off; 12
Cordy's tatt; 10
Cheap Angel; 9
Fang Gang in bondage:
Cordy: 5
Angel: 11
Wes: 6
Gunn; 4
Lorne; 3
Fred; 2
Fang gang knocked out: Lorne by Wes
Cordy: 11
Angel: 14
Wes: 5
Doyle; 1
Gunn; 1
Lorne; 4
Kills: 1 demon for Gunn and 2 for Angel
Cordy: 5 vamps, 3½ demons
Angel; 39 vamps, 57 and 1/2 demons, 7 humans
Doyle; 1 vamp
Wes; 12 demons+3 vamps, 2 humans
Kate; 3 vamps
Faith; 16 vamps, 6 demons, 3 humans.
Gunn; 10 vamps+ 10 demons.
Groo; 1 demon
Fred; 1 vamp
Fang Gang go evil: no but Angel comes damn close when he tears up the Rathers
Cordy: 2
Angel: 2
Gunn; 1
Wes; 1
Alternate Fang Gang:
Cordy: 2
Angel: 8
Characters killed:
Recurring characters killed;
Total number of Angel Investigations:
7, Angel, Cordy, Wes, Gunn, Fred, Lorne and Groo
Angel Investigations shot:
Angel: 11
Wes; 1
Packing heat; Wes has a pistol, possibly the same one he took from the collector in 'Offspring'. Angel takes a sub-machine gun from Lilah's men and threatens them with it
Wes; 6
Doyle; 1
Angel; 2
Gunn; 1
Notches on Fang Gang bedpost:
Cordy: 4 ?+Wilson/Hacksaw Beast+Phantom Dennis+Groo
Angel: 5; Buffy, Darla and The Transcending Furies
Wes; 2; Virginia and the bleached blonde
Gunn; 1 Fred
Fred; 1 Gunn
Groo; 1Cordy
Kinky dinky:
Gorgeous but skanky (is there any other kind?) groupies gyrating to the bands appalling music. Looks like Angel was right, musicians get the chicks. The bandleader describes Fred as a hottie and bags 'first ride'. Love Lilah's cat's miaow. Justine and Holtz extremely abusive and twisted relationship. Lilah asks Sahjhan did Angel 'boink his demon bride' and describes him as impotent?
Captain Subtext;
Know the face, different character; 4
Parking garages; no, Angel stalks Lilah in her bar nowadays
Guantanamo Bay;
Angel breaks the arms of Lilah's assistant. Angel tortures' Holtz's people to find Connor.
Buffy characters on Angel; 16
Wetherby, Collins and Smith. Angel, Cordy, Oz, Spike, Buffy, Wes, Faith, Darla, Dru, The Master, Anne, Willow and Harmony
Questions and observations;
Lorne tells Connor the story about The Rat Pack, wonder if Angel ever told him he knew them? Angel talks about hell with Nixon and Britney Spears. Bit unkind to both of them. Angel is a fan of The Flying Nun presumably during the Manilow years, he must have watched a lot of daytime TV in his time (although maybe that goes without saying?). Note Angel would rather Connor would be with Holtz whom he knows would care for him than Lilah who would disect him. Also Holtz pushes Justine aside to stop her following him into hell. What happened to Linwood's policy of leaving Connor alone?
Marks out of 10; 7/10 humdrum ep until the devestating ending
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- Age / Gender:
- 16, Male
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- Higher Loschting
- Joined:
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- All Stats >
User Statshot
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Recent Game Medals
One Man Army 5 Points Kill 3000 enemies. Medal Stats.
Psycho 25 Points Do 100 criticals Medal Stats.
Goldminer 10 Points Slice 10 gold ragdolls in a game Medal Stats.
Skilled 25 Points Score 10,000 points Medal Stats.
Lord of time 5 Points Use a slow motion 3 times in a game Medal Stats.
Cool 10 Points Do 4 'Combo 4x' in a game Medal Stats.
Doc 5 Points Recover 3 lifes in a game Medal Stats.
Novice 5 Points Score 3,000 points Medal Stats.
Accurate 10 Points Do 8 'Combo 3x' in a game Medal Stats.
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Total Medals Earned: 301 (From 52 different games.)
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ZTV News Short: Christmas Rated 4.3363 Stars ZTV News Shorts: Christmas 2012 Comedy - Original Power Star 4.5 Rated 4.0295 Stars This isn't how the series ended, but what if it was? Action CopsOnFireWithErections Rated 4.4370 Stars Cops. Fire. Erections. This film has none of these things. Comedy - Original Dance of the Manwhore Rated 4.4535 Stars Tonight I will have sex with you, then we will prepare a stew... Music Video
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Christopher M. Pham Law Group, PLLC is a business and real estate law firm. We commit to provide the highest quality legal services to our clients doing business in Texas and worldwide.
Our professionals have extensive experience and knowledge of business and real estate matters.
Our founding lawyer, Christopher M. Pham, is Board Certified in Commercial Real Estate Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. He received his B.A. from Harvard University and his Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School. He was an Editor of the Harvard International Law Journal. Before founding Christopher M. Pham Law Group, PLLC, he worked at large multinational entities, where he successfully completed development projects and acquisition transactions totaling over $1 billion.
We also operate a Millennium Title office to provide title insurance, escrow and closing services for real estate transactions throughout Texas.
Thank you for your visit. We look forward to working with you.


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nice shirt nice price
By Tree
from Harker Heights,Tx
Comments about Nike Legend Dri-FIT Poly Crewneck Shirt:
Birthday present ..my husband liked it..
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Very good buy!
By LarryB
from Alpharetta, Georgia
I wore this shirt on my morning walk, on a VERY humid Georgia morning. It performed quite well!


text:
Re: EFS disaster!
- From: MacLeonard <macleonard@xxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2006 12:37:50 +1000
or you can search the full/cracked version in Emule ;)
Just on that...
Despite being illegal in many jurisdictions, please remember that
'cracked' software usually implies that you are either:
a. Running a modified (potentially malicious) version of the original
- change histories for cracked software are rarely complete :)
b. Going to have to run a second piece of (potentially malicious)
code which modifies the application you want to use.
In either case, you will be running code of questionable origin which
will in all likelyhood perform something other than or in addition to
the stated use.
Not to mention the fact that in this case it would be over potentially
sensitive information.
If you must run code like this, and I strongly recommend you do not
(for your own good and mine), please do it in a lab environment which
has no path to a production network or the internet.
Best Regards,
MacLeonard Starkey
On 3/19/06, Manuel Moreno Leiva <morenoleiva@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
hello to all..
you need Advanced EFS Data Recovery 3.0
this tool can decrypt you data.
you can download a trial version here http://www.elcomsoft.com/aefsdr.html
or you can search the full/cracked version in Emule ;)
I hope this can help you !
Best Regards
Manuel Moreno L
Ceo & Security Consulting
2006/3/16, AnalyzerN <analyzer.is@xxxxxxxxx>:
Hi I accidentally decrypted some important files that were encrypted using
EFS on a WinXP SP1 machine using another WinXP installation without any
service packs. Now all data seems to be corrupted and it is after this I
discovered that WinXP without SP1 uses different encryption for EFS. I think
my second WinXP installation without SP1 has decrypted all my data using
something other than AES.
My question is: is there any way to some how reverse this process and
recover this data? Please let me know if there is way to recover the data.
- References:
- EFS disaster!
- From: AnalyzerN
- Re: EFS disaster!
- From: Manuel Moreno Leiva
- EFS disaster!
- Prev by Date: Re: EFS disaster!
- Next by Date: RE: trouble using SSL on WSUS
- Previous by thread: Re: EFS disaster!
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Book your room at Hotel Anahi
Double or Twin RoomMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 infants)
Triple RoomMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 infants)
Suite, TerraceMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 infants)
Get an overview of this hotelRome hotel in Rome Historic Centre, near St. Peter's Basilica
Collect 200 points
Simply enter your Nectar card number when prompted. Your points will be credited 30 days after you return from your trip.*Offers may apply
Located in Rome Historic Centre, this hotel is within a 15-minute walk of Piazza del Popolo and Spanish Steps. Villa Borghese and National Gallery of Modern Art are also within 1 mi (2 km).
Hotel Features
This smoke-free hotel features dry cleaning, laundry facilities, and a 24-hour front desk. WiFi in public areas is free. Other amenities include tour/ticket assistance.
Room Amenities
All 16 soundproofed rooms feature free WiFi and minibars. Flat-screen TVs come with satellite channels, and other amenities that guests will find include hair dryers and safes.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Anahi features tour/ticket assistance, laundry facilities, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. For a surcharge, the property provides a roundtrip airport shuttle at scheduled times, a cruise ship terminal shuttle, and a ferry terminal shuttle.
Hotel Anahi is a smoke-free property.
- 24-hour front desk
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Total number of rooms - 16
- Number of floors - 4
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Cruise terminal shuttle (surcharge)
- Ferry terminal shuttle (surcharge)
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Train station pickup (surcharge)
- Offsite parking reservations required
- Smoke-free property
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Soundproofed rooms
- Laundry facilities
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Offsite parking reservations required
Room Amenities
- Soundproofed rooms
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- In-room safe
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Satellite TV service
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
Where to Eat
Buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 7 AM and 10:30 AM.
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Bicycle rentals on site
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- No onsite parking is available.
No pets or service animals allowed
This hotel's buffet breakfast is served at the Hotel Locarno located opposite Hotel Anahi. For more details, guests are welcome to contact the office using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking.
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 3 per person, per night, up to 10 nights. This tax does not apply to children under 10 years of age.
Hotel Name
We should mention
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation. This property offers transfers from the cruise terminal, ferry terminal, airport, and train station (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details 24 hours prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms. No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.


text:
This was phenomenal. bravo.
Rating4/5 (from 4 ratings)4
Yieldserves 8 pieces (large pie form / plate)
2 cup walnuts (not soaked)
1 cup almonds (or pecans) not soaked
½ cup unsweetened, dried schredded coconut
½ cup raisins (not soaked)
1 tablespoon distilled water (up to 2 tablespoons)
½ teaspoon cinamon powder
½ teaspoon vanilla powder
2 medium sweet apples, chopped (large pieces), peeled
1 tablespoon lemon juice (up to 2)
½ tablespoon cinnamon powder
½ tablespoon nutmeg powder
2 fresh large dates (medjool) not soaked
¼ cup agave syrup or honey
2 tablespoon lemon juice
1 cup dried cranberries unsoaked
1/3 cup distilled water
1½ tablespoons agar-agar powder (or 2 tablespoons flakes)
Krummel (Streusel) / Crumb:
4 large unsoaked fresh dates
1 teaspoon cinnamon powder
¼ cup pine nuts
¾ cup brazil nuts
Recipe Directions
1. Place all ingredients for the crust in a food processor with a S blade attached to it, except for the water and raisings.
2. Grind to a fine meal.
3. Add raisins and process.
4. Add 1 tablespoon of water and process. Mind the water. The idea is getting the meal together but not wet. You need to get a kind of paste that is not wet. Do not add more than 2 tablespoons of water.
5. Cut a piece of baking paper large enough to cover the bottom and the sides of your pie form. This will allow to remove the pie once set easily without cracking it.
6. With your hand (a bit wet), press the crust in the pie form covering the botton and sides. Sprinkel with cinamon and place it in the freezer.
7. Meanwhile, prepare the filling.
1. In a small saucepan, pour 1/3 cup distilled water and agar-agar. Let it soak for at least 10 mintues.
2. Place cranberries and agave syrup with 2 tablespoons of lemon juice in a small food processor with a S blade attached to it or into a powerful blender. Blend. If the cranberries are too hard, let it stand for about 15 mintues so they get soaked in the juice and the syrup.
3. Blend until smooth. Because they are dried unsoaked cranberries, they will not dissolve completely but enought to make a thick sauce.
4. Add the 2 dates and blend until smooth.
5. Place saucepan with agar-agar mixture on the stove in low heat stirring frequently until completely disolved, about 5 minutes. If using powder form, it should disolve, no paste sould be formed, a bit jelly. If using flakes form, it will form a thicker jelly.
6. Set aside and let it rest to cool down, but not to set.
7. Add it to the sauce mixture. Blend until smooth.
8. In a bowl, mix the cranberry sauce mixture with the apples. I first grind my apples in my small food processor with a S blade, just pulse, so I get them chopped but not completely grinded.
9. Remove the pie crust form from the freezer.
10. Pour filling on the crust.
11. Sprinkle with cinnamon and nutmeg powder.
12. Place it in the fridge.
13. Meanwhile, prepare the krummel / streusel.
Krummel (Streusel) / Crumb:
1. Place Brazil and Pine nuts in a food processor with a S blade attached to it.
2. Blend until it resembels crumbles, not fine grind flour.
3. Add dates and blend agan to cumbels.
4. Remove pie form from the fridge.
5. Sprinkle streusel on top of the pie evenly covering completely. Press a bit down with a spatula, not hard, not too much.
6. Place it in the fridge for at least 2 hours before consumption. Let is set. I place mine first in the freezer for 30 mintues and then in the fridge.
Jirizarry's ThoughtsBy jirizarry
This was my favorite tart we sold at our Organic Supermarket, when we still owned it. The tart was not raw and was baked by our organic bread supplier. Yersterday, my husband asked me if I could to an apple-kruimmeltaart for him. I just found out that kruimmel means streusel, a crumb toping, so I name my raw version Apple Streusel tart. I told him I would try bteter and I will come up with a raw version of the apple-cranberry streusel tart we sold at our store. He was very entusiastic and he just finished his first piece. It was really delicious. I hope you like it. The cust is not soft and chewy, but firm and a bit hard like a crust.
Note: About the consistency of the whole pie, when you cut it (best cut with a pizza knife), it does stays together. The filling is set, yet soft. The cust is hard and firm and the streusel is crunchy. I would not keep it in the fridge longer than 2 days since fresh apples where used. I will put it then in the freezer.
Enjoy it! I served it with cashew whipped cream for me, and for my husband, with coconut whipped cream (this one is not raw). You can have it for breakfast, lunch, as dessert or, as here in NL, for the festivities.
Print This Recipe (PDF)
Click the button below to download the printable PDF.
Top voted
HOLY COW! The recipe is about as large as the ones in RAW cook book by Charlie Trotter and Roxanne Klein! Gonna save this one for a special time. But it's making my mouth water!
I cannot find agar agar, can i use something else?? Also, i cannot find dried unsweetened cranberries. Can i use something else like dried cherries? I think that would make it nice and sweet :) Thanks for this recipe - looks beautiful!
That is gorgeous to look at! Sounds tasty-think I'll use this at Thanksgiving. Thank you for the recipe :)
I'm going to try this with cherries! Wonderful idea!
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I'm surprised no one has mentioned the dam grouting photos dated December 17th on BGM's web site. If they are still working on the water tightness of the dam then they must have been instructed to perform the grouting by the geotechnical engineers who would have approved the new dam and allowed waiving of the $4.5 M bond. Can BGM process ore before the dam is approved?
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See All Contributors »
I'm still working on the remaining features and bugs on the new site version but I wanted to give a quick update on where things are. On the surface things won't look very different, however, the screenshots below are just a few of the new features. All of the shots below were taken from a single member profile page. With tabs, we'll be able to have a lot more information without making things cluttered and hard to read/navigate.
Essentially - the new version will better allow member to member communication and interaction for those that for one reason or another don't want to use posts/threads. You can leave public or private visitor messages on profile pages, share album pictures, join social groups that you can set as private or public and create social networks of friends. It's hard to explain now, but it'll be fun to use.
Everything that I'm showing can be enabled or disabled by each member - you don't have to participate or interact anymore or less than you want to. These are just a few of the features and there are many more for those that aren't in to the member to member interaction as much.
Anyways, here are a few teaser pics from my test site to show that I am working on something:)
Attachment 1101 Attachment 1102 Attachment 1103
Attachment 1104 Attachment 1105 Attachment 1106
Attachment 1107 Attachment 1108 Attachment 1109
Attachment 1110 Attachment 1111
Attachment 1112 Attachment 1113
Sometimes it is the people who no one imagines anything of who do the things that no one can imagine.
ISU MBB: Bigger than a single person.
ISU Football: They key to expectations is not having any in the first place.
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text:
Coors beer and the Rocky Mountains — a magical marketing combination for 135 years.
"Brewed With Pure Rocky Mountain Spring Water" is a slogan that every longtime Coloradan has heard a million times.
And who hasn't seen Pete Coors on TV, waxing poetic aside a cascading mountain stream with a backdrop of snowy peaks?
But with last week's merger of the U.S. operations of Coors and Miller, Coors products now will be brewed in such flatland locales as Trenton, Ohio, and Irwindale, Calif.
Can the legendary Coors mystique survive this kind of geographic upheaval?
Golden-based Coors is betting it can. And even if it can't, the brewer can take consolation in the projected $500 million in savings that the nascent MillerCoors joint venture will gain, in part, from "cross-brewing" at Miller and Coors facilities.
That means Miller products will be made at Coors breweries in Golden and Elkton, Va., and most Coors brands will be brewed at six Miller facilities spread across the U.S. — with no mountain springs in sight.
In a concession to the mystique, the original Coors Banquet brand will be brewed only in Golden with Rocky Mountain water.
But Banquet over the years has become a secondary offering for Coors, overtaken by the now-flagship Coors Light.
In addition to an unspecified number of job cuts, a portion of the MillerCoors synergies will derive from brewing Coors Light across the nation, putting it closer to distributors and consumers.
Something in the water
MillerCoors brand and marketing spokeswoman Jennifer Volanakis offers this take on maintaining mystique and taste amid bottom-line concerns:
"We will use the same recipe that originated in Golden to brew Coors Light at other breweries. We'll use the same frost-brewing process, proprietary yeast and high-country barley. Any water we use at any brewery must meet our high-quality specifications before we would use it to produce any of our brands."
It was the water, plus a host of intangibles, that created Coors' cult status decades ago and in turn led to its successful leap from a regional brewer to nationwide distribution in the 1980s.
Ad executives could only shake their heads in envy as they witnessed the development of the Coors cachet — a phenomenon born of the beer's high-country image and its limited availability in only 11 Western states during the 1970s.
"In advertising, Coors spent only about a quarter of what other large brewers were spending," said Paul Gatza, director of the Boulder-based Brewers Association. "Instead, word of mouth was a major factor in growing brand awareness. Stories of smuggling were part of the mystique. President Ford requested Coors for the White House. And (the Coors-smuggling film) 'Smokey and the Bandit' didn't hurt either."
Cachet diluted for some
Countless Colorado teens going to college out of state can recount tales of their beer-drinking friends pleading for a couple of cases of Coors to be brought back from vacations and school breaks.
Some made it an entrepreneurial venture by reselling the brew to their friends at heavily marked-up prices.
"Anyone going back to Colorado was instructed to fill their trunks with the stuff," said Katy James, a Denver native and now Buena Vista real-estate agent who attended Wisconsin's Carroll College in the mid-1970s.
At the time, Coors was available nowhere east of the Mississippi River — at least through conventional distribution networks.
Yet James now sees the one-time Coors cachet as faded, not only with the beer's nationwide availability but from the image-diluting effects of the new Miller joint venture and Coors' 2005 merger with Molson.
"Now that it's Molson/Miller/ Coors, I think there is no mystique anymore; it's just beer," she said.
Other observers agree.
Stan Slater had a front-row seat to witness Coors' impressive national roll-out in the early 1980s when he served as the brewer's planning manager and assistant brand manager.
But consolidation in the industry and changing demographics have transformed the brewing landscape, said Slater, now a professor of marketing and beer-industry analyst at Colorado State University.
"I'm not convinced there is much mystique left around Coors," he said. "If you look at the target market for Coors Light, ages 21 to 27, there certainly is no mystique there."
Macro with mystique?
It may still be meaningful to a handful of older Coors Banquet loyalists, Slater said, although he notes that Banquet accounts for just 0.5 percent of U.S. beer shipments, compared with 8 percent for Coors Light.
"Basically, Coors is not a unique brewery anymore," he said. "They're a macrobrewer, just like Bud and Mil ler."
Silt resident Sean McKenna well remembers his first illicit tastes of Coors as a 1970s teenager growing up in Englewood.
And he's been a periodic patron of Coors products in the intervening years.
But he's disillusioned by consolidation in the beer industry, and particularly by the prospect of cross-brewing in Coors and Miller facilities.
"It's a big loss to the brewing heritage we've had in Colorado," McKenna said while sipping a can of Coors Extra Gold recently on the patio of his Silt Mesa home.
"Now it's just going to be another generic corporate beer."
Steve Raabe: 303-954-1948 or firstname.lastname@example.com


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Was cruising ESPN.com NCAA Football section and this is the front picture on there. I threw up a little bit, then punched my laptop screen.
Time to grow up to a better subject title.
Go Cyclones!
Great, now my laptop is covered in puke.
I would hate to see a guy celebrating a big win during a big year. That should make you feel horrible.
Kansas Must Be Destroyed
Sic Semper Jayhawks
Don't forget about TCU and that pic either. We played them tough in the Houston Bowl.
Originally Posted by Aclone
Time to grow up to a better subject title.
Wow. That pic is like a gigantic kick to the junk of ISU football.
You can't die. That would upset the equilibrium in the Cave.
Warning: Posts contain 98% post-sarcastic content.
Time to get over it.
If he doesn't leave, we don't get Rhoads, don't win the Insight.com Bowl last year and still suck. It worked out well for everyone.
People still worrying about Gene Chizik make me throw up in my mouth. He's a good coach, he's at Auburn now. We're 5-4, and trying to make another bowl game. Worry about something else.
Originally Posted by CrossCyed
People still worrying about Gene Chizik make me throw up in my mouth. He's a good coach, he's at Auburn now. We're 5-4, and trying to make another bowl game. Worry about something else.
I am very happy that we got Rhoads and things turned out the way they did for us. I'm not "worried" about Chizik, I just don't like the guy. The sight of him makes me sick to my stomach. I get the same feeling when I hear Justin Bieber's music, or see Oprah/Dr Phil on T.V. I just hate seeing his face, and the success he is having at Auburn with the talent that fell in his lap, as he did nothing for our program while he was here.
Iowa State is the cradle of coaches you know... Pop Warner, Johnny Majors, Earle Bruce, Jimmy Johnson, Pete Carroll, and now Gene Chizik
Originally Posted by jtdoyle1
Iowa State is the cradle of coaches you know... Pop Warner, Johnny Majors, Earle Bruce, Jimmy Johnson, Pete Carroll, and now Gene Chizik
You forgot Jon Cooper and Mack Brown. Just saying....
Oh.... and Jim Walden.
At first, I thought that looked like Barry Switzer.
Bass Lake Beacon: The best in local news satire
Like it or not.........GC is a good coach,just didn't like it here and his family either
I'm not "worried" about Chizek. Doesn't mean that I don't want to see him fail. Yes, him leaving did help us because we got a great coach, doesn't mean that I can't still want to see Chiclet fail for the way he treated us. If a woman gets constantly beat up by her boyfriend, then finally leaves him and finds a great new boyfriend, should she not hate dislike the one that beat her up, just because she found a new good one?
And to say Chiz is a good coach is a joke. He's got a great quarterback and a fantastic offensive coordinater. It'll be interesting to see the success that he has when neither are with his program next year.
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