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KRAS mutational analysis is the standard of care prior to initiation of treatments targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Sensitive methods are required to reliably detect KRAS mutations in tumor samples due to admixture with non-mutated cells. Many laboratories have implemented sensitive tests for KRAS mutations, but the methods often require expensive instrumentation and reagents, parallel reactions, multiple steps, or opening PCR tubes.
We developed a highly sensitive, single-reaction, closed-tube strategy to detect all clinically significant mutations in KRAS codons 12 and 13 using the Roche LightCycler® instrument. The assay detects mutations via PCR-melting curve analysis with a Cy5.5-labeled sensor probe that straddles codons 12 and 13. Incorporating a fast COLD-PCR cycling program with a critical denaturation temperature (Tc) of 81°C increased the sensitivity of the assay >10-fold for the majority of KRAS mutations.
We compared the COLD-PCR enhanced melting curve method to melting curve analysis without COLD-PCR and to traditional Sanger sequencing. In a cohort of 61 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer specimens, 29/61 were classified as mutant and 28/61 as wild type across all methods. Importantly, 4/61 (6%) were re-classified from wild type to mutant by the more sensitive COLD-PCR melting curve method. These 4 samples were confirmed to harbor clinically-significant KRAS mutations by COLD-PCR DNA sequencing. Five independent mixing studies using mutation-discordant pairs of cell lines and patient specimens demonstrated that the COLD-PCR enhanced melting curve assay could consistently detect down to 1% mutant DNA in a wild type background.
We have developed and validated an inexpensive, rapid, and highly sensitive clinical assay for KRAS mutations that is the first report of COLD-PCR combined with probe-based melting curve analysis. This assay significantly improved diagnostic accuracy compared to traditional PCR and direct sequencing.
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The role of KRAS mutation status in clinical decision making is best defined for colon cancer. Several large randomized-controlled trials demonstrated no benefit from expensive anti-EGFR drugs such as cetuximab (Erbitux™) in patients with KRAS-mutant colon cancer [4,5]. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) now recommends KRAS testing prior to initiation of anti-EGFR therapy in colon cancer patients [6]. Accumulating evidence also suggests a role for KRAS testing to guide therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer [7,8].
Greater than 95% of KRAS mutations occur in codon 12 or codon 13. Within these codons G12 D (G
Here, we report a novel strategy for mutation detection that combines fast COLD-PCR with two-probe melting curve analysis using the LightCycler® instrument. By incorporating COLD-PCR we achieve >10-fold enhancement for the majority of KRAS mutations with a sensitivity of ~1% mutant allele in a wild type background.
Patient tumor samples and DNA extraction
All clinical specimens consisted of DNA prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from patients with sporadic colorectal carcinoma. De-identified residual clinical specimens were obtained in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki and ethics guidelines of the local institutional review board. We obtained a total of 61 de-identified specimens: 10 DNA specimens from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 4 specimens of unstained FFPE tissue sections with corresponding hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained slides from the University of Chicago, and 47 DNA specimens prepared from FFPE tissue from colorectal cancer specimens at the University of Washington. HE-stained slides were used as a guide to manually dissect areas of tumor tissue from unstained slide sections. Genomic DNA was prepared with the Gentra Puregene DNA Isolation Kit (Qiagen, Cat. No. 158489).
KRAS mutational detection by Regular- and COLD-PCR enhanced melting curve analysis
Our basic melting-curve strategy to identify KRAS mutations is a modification of a procedure described by Nikiforova and colleagues [11]. The assay is a PCR fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) hybridization probe assay performed with a LightCycler® carousel instrument (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Manheim Germany). This format requires a pair of primers and two fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes and relies on FRET between two probes that hybridize adjacent to one another (Figure 1). For the detection of KRAS codon 12/13 mutations, the Cy5.5-labeled probe spans this region, and the products are distinguished based on their distinct Tm, which reflects the thermodynamic stability of the perfectly complementary and mismatched probe-target duplexes. The wild-type Tm is 69.5 ± 0.5°C, and the mutant Tm is 62.8 ± 1°C. The assay cannot reliably determine the exact base change based on the Tm. The primers and probes are given in Table 1. Each 20 μl PCR reaction contained 2 μl 10× LightCycler® FastStart DNAHyb Master mix (Roche Cat No. 03 002248 001), 0.5 units of LightCycler® uracil N-glycosylase enzyme (UNG) (Roche Cat No. 03539806001), 2 mM final MgCl2 concentration, 30 pmol KRAS-F (1.5 μM final concentration), 10 pmol KRAS-R (0.5 μM final concentration), 4 pmol anchor probe (0.2 μM final concentration), and 4 pmol sensor probe (0.2 μM final concentration). Template DNA was added at 10-200 ng per reaction. PCR reactions were set up in glass LightCycler® Capillaries (Roche Cat. No. 1 909 339) and run on both LightCycler® 1.5 and LightCycler® 2.0 carousel instruments. For the regular PCR melting curve assay (not COLD-PCR enhanced) the cycling program steps were as follows: 1) UNG step to remove carry-over amplicon, 40°C for 10 min, 2) activation of antibody-inhibited Taq polymerase, 94°C for 10 min, 3) cycling 94°C 1 s, 52°C 20 s, 72°C 10 s for 45 total cycles, 4) melting curve with continuous temperature ramping at 0.15°C/s from 45°C to 80°C, and 5) Cooling to 40°C. The COLD-PCR enhanced cycling program is shown in Table 2. An initial 10 cycles of regular PCR are performed to build up product, followed by 40 cycles of COLD-PCR with a critical denaturation temperature (Tc) of 81°C which favors amplification of mutant alleles. We determined the Tc empirically by progressively lowering the denaturation temperature from 84°C → 82°C → 81°C → 80°C → 79°C. Melting curves were produced in both mutant and wild type samples down to Tc = 80°C. We chose the Tc at 81°C because the melting curves were difficult to interpret at Tc = 80°C due to reduced PCR efficiency and increased signal-to-noise ratio (Additional file 1 Figure S1).
Figure 1. Melting Curve Assay Design. PCR primers are designed within introns of the functional KRAS (Ki-Ras2) gene on chromosome 12 to avoid amplification of a KRAS (Ki-Ras1) pseudogene on chromosome 6. A Cy5.5-labeled wild type sensor probe sits over the mutation hotspot at codons 12 and 13. When a KRAS mutation is present, the sensor probe melts off at a lower Tm.
Table 2. Fast COLD-PCR Cycling Program
Additional file 1. Supplemental Figures S1-S3. Supplemental figures S1, S2, and S3, with figure legends.
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Regular- and COLD-PCR enhanced Sanger DNA sequencing
We used KRAS-F and KRAS-R primers (Table 1) for both PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. For DNA sequencing, regular- or COLD-PCR reactions were performed as described above except that the anchor and sensor probes were not added to the reactions and thermocycling was performed on a Bio-Rad C1000 instrument. PCR products were purified using DNA Clean & Concentrator™-5 (Zymo Research) and eluted in a 30 μl volume of elution buffer (Cat No D4003, D4004, D4013 & D4014). Each 10 μl sequencing reaction included 2 μl Big Dye Terminator v3.1 (Applied Biosystems, ABI) 2 μl 5× sequencing buffer (ABI), 4 pmol of sequencing primer (either KRAS-F or KRAS-R), and 200-300 ng purified PCR product. Sequencing reactions were cleaned up using AutoSeq G-50 Sephadex columns (Amersham Biosciences Cat. No. 27-5340), run on an ABI 3130 instrument, and analyzed with Mutation Surveyor software (Softgenetics).
We sequenced a total of 30 out of 61 samples including all 4 discrepant samples that were re-classified as KRAS-mutant by the COLD-PCR melting curve analysis (Additional file 2 Table S1). Two of the four discrepant samples had very low mutant peaks by COLD-PCR sequencing using the same thermocycling conditions (Tc= 81°C, Table 2) that produced easily discernable mutant peaks in the COLD-PCR melting curve assay, presumably because the melting curve analysis is inherently more sensitive than sequencing. For this reason, we lowered the Tc to 79.4°C to further enhance amplification of minority mutant alleles and confirm the KRAS mutations we detected in the 4 discrepant samples. We selected the Tc of 79.4°C after we tried Tc ranging from 79-81°C at 0.2°C increments and determined that the Tc of 79.4°C was the lowest denaturation temperature in which PCR product from a wild type sample was still visible an agarose gel. We repeated COLD-PCR sequencing with Tc = 79.4°C a total of 3 times for each of the 4 discrepant samples, obtaining concordant KRAS-mutant results and appropriately negative KRAS-wild type controls on each run.
Additional file 2. Table S1. Supplemental Table 1: Complete list of mutations detected by regular- or COLD-PCR.
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Confirmation of Discrepant Specimens With An Alternative Assay
In addition to COLD-PCR sequencing, we confirmed the 4 discrepant specimens using the Lightmix KRAS mutation detection kit following the manufacturer's instructions (TIB Molbiol, Cat#04-0416-08). This assay uses a locked nucleic acid oligomer competitor and has a stated sensitivity of at least 1% for mutant allele in a wild type background (Additional file 1 Figure S2).
Mixing/Sensitivity Studies
We performed two types of mixing studies to estimate sensitivity: (1) KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cell lines mixed with KRAS-WT peripheral blood leukocyte DNA, and (2) KRAS-mutant FFPE DNA mixed with KRAS-WT FFPE DNA. We used a total of three KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cell lines, SW480 (homozygous G12V; G
As an alternative measure of sensitivity, we tested 20% (G13C) and 1% (G12C) KRAS-mutant control DNA provided with the Lightmix KRAS mutation detection kit (TIB Molbiol, cat # 04-0416-08, Lot#4160902).
Establishing and Validating COLD-PCR Conditions
To establish the critical denaturation temperature (Tc) for COLD-PCR melting curve analysis we selected a G12C KRAS-mutant FFPE colorectal cancer specimen with ~10% mutant allele based on a visual estimate of tumor nuclei and the mutant/WT melting peak height ratio using regular PCR. The mutant/WT peak height ratio increased by an average of 6.3-fold in this "low-positive" patient sample as the Tc was lowered from 84°C → 82°C → 81°C (Figure 2). COLD-PCR DNA sequencing confirmed a proportional increase in the mutant T base at the first position of codon 12 (G12C =
Figure 2. Optimization of COLD-PCR Conditions. A G12C (
We next validated the COLD-PCR melting curve assay using FFPE colorectal cancer specimens with distinct characterized KRAS mutations. COLD-PCR enhanced detection of G:C to A:T mutations (G12 D, G13 D, G12C, G12V) between 9.8 and 14.0 fold compared to regular PCR (Summarized in Table 3). Importantly, the COLD-PCR reaction conditions we established did not diminish detection of Tm -neutral G:C to G:C mutations (G12R and G13R). Surprisingly, the fast COLD-PCR reaction conditions actually enhanced the detection of a G13R (
Table 3. COLD-PCR Enhancement According to Specific KRAS Mutation
Sensitivity of the COLD-PCR Enhanced Melting Curve Assay
To determine the sensitivity of the COLD-PCR melting curve assay to detect low quantities of mutant allele in WT background we adopted two complementary strategies: (1) we mixed KRAS-mutant cell line DNA with KRAS-WT peripheral blood leukocyte DNA, and (2) KRAS-mutant FFPE tumor DNA with KRAS-WT FFPE tumor DNA at mutant:WT ratios of 50/50, 20/80, 10/90, 5/95, 2/98, and 1/99. Prior to mixing we ensured the PCR-efficiency of each sample in a pair was matched within 0.5 Ct because variations in DNA quality, ploidy, and sample preparation may favor the amplification of one sample over the other and confound the estimation of sensitivity [12]. In a total of 5 unique sample pairings which included G12 D, G13 D, and G12V-mutant DNA, the assay could readily detect KRAS mutations down to 1% mutant allele in each case with COLD-PCR enhancement, but only down to 10% mutant allele with regular PCR (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Sensitivity of the Assay. Five independent mixing studies were performed in duplicate using KRAS-mutant cell lines (SW480, LS174T, HCT116) paired with wild-type peripheral blood leukocyte DNA and KRAS-mutant formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples paired with KRAS-WT FFPE samples as described in the methods section. For each mixing study the mutant melting peak height was measured as a percentage of the maximum mutant peak height observed in the undiluted KRAS-mutant sample specific to the particular Mutant:WT pairing. The left panel shows the average and SD (error bars) of the %mutant peak height across the 5 mixing studies using regular- (gray triangles) or COLD-PCR (black squares) conditions. Mutant peak heights were consistently above the limit of detection down to 1% mutant allele using COLD-PCR compared to 10% mutant allele with regular PCR. The right panel shows an example of one of the mixing studies (SW480 cell line; homozygous G12V) used to generate the sensitivity graph in the left panel. Mutant melting peaks are not clearly discernible for 1%, 2%, and 5% KRAS-mutant samples using regular PCR (top right panel), but are readily detected using COLD-PCR (bottom right panel).
As a second measure of sensitivity, we ran commercial 20% (G13C) and 1% (G12C) KRAS-mutant control DNA (TIB Molbiol, Lot No. 4160902). The COLD-PCR enhanced melting curve assay correctly classified both controls as KRAS-mutant with a mutant:WT peak height ratio of 3.5 for the 20% G13C control, and 0.3 for the 1% G12C control (Additional file 1 Figure S3).
We next assessed if the COLD-PCR enhanced melting curve assay was sensitive enough to eliminate the need for tumor dissection in a KRAS-mutant sample with a low percentage (~3%) of tumor cells. We confirmed that both regular-PCR melting curve analysis and Sanger sequencing detected a KRAS mutation (G12D) when DNA was prepared with morphology-guided dissection to enrich for tumor cells in our standard fashion. We then tested a DNA sample prepared from the same tumor specimen without dissection (scraping the whole slide). The COLD-PCR enhanced melting curve assay readily detected the KRAS mutation when the whole slide was scraped, whereas the result with regular PCR melting curve analysis was equivocal (Figure 4).
Figure 4. KRAS Mutation Detection Without Dissection. DNA was prepared from a G12 D KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer resection specimen with ~3% tumor cells by scraping the tissue from the entire slide without tumor dissection. The KRAS result was equivocal using regular-PCR (upper left panel), but a mutation was clearly detected using COLD-PCR (lower left panel). The corresponding HE-stained slide and region of tumor are depicted in the right panel.
COLD-PCR Enhanced Melting Curve Analysis Detects Mutations That Are Missed By Regular PCR and Direct Sanger Sequencing
We compared the COLD-PCR melting curve assay to regular PCR melting analysis in a cohort of 61 FFPE colorectal cancer specimens which included 14 blinded samples that had KRAS testing done previously at outside institutions. KRAS mutations were detected in 29/61(48%) samples by both regular- and COLD PCR melting curve analysis and, importantly, in an additional 4 samples (33/61 total; 54%) by COLD-PCR enhanced melting curve analysis only (Table 4; Additional file 2 Table S1). Regular Sanger sequencing did not detect mutations in the 4 samples that were re-classified from KRAS-WT to KRAS-mutant by COLD-PCR, presumably because the mutant allele % was below the limit of detection (sensitivity ~20 percent for standard sequencing). However, COLD-PCR enhanced DNA sequencing confirmed that the 4 re-classified samples each harbored a clinically significant KRAS mutation (Additional file 3; Figure 5; see methods section for a detailed discussion of COLD-PCR sequencing). KRAS mutations in the 4 re-classified samples were also confirmed using the TIB Molbiol Lightmix assay, which has a stated sensitivity of at least 1% (Additional file 1 Figure S2). Sequencing of an additional 26 specimens that were concordant by regular- and COLD-PCR confirmed the KRAS melting curve analysis result in all cases (Additional file 2 Table S1).
Table 4. Comparison of Regular- and COLD-PCR in 61 FFPE Samples
Additional file 3. Sequencing results on the re-classified specimens. Regular- and COLD-PCR sequencing data for the 4 re-classified (discrepant) specimens.
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Figure 5. Re-classified specimen. Shown are results from one of the 4 specimens that was re-classified from KRAS-WT to KRAS-mutant by COLD-PCR (sample #3 in Additional file 3). With regular PCR no definite mutant allele is detected by the melting curve assay, or by direct sequencing (left panel). Using COLD-PCR a clear mutant peak is visible in the melting curve assay and confirmed as a G12C mutation by sequencing (c.34 G > C). Arrows point to the position of the mutant melting peak and mutant base pair position. Note that a Tc of 79.4°C was used for COLD-PCR sequencing compared to a Tc of 81°C for the COLD-PCR melting curve assay (see Methods), which is the likely explanation for the higher proportion of mutant allele observed by COLD-PCR sequencing (bottom right).
Among the 14 specimens from outside institutions, KRAS results were concordant using the less sensitive regular PCR melting curve analysis and Sanger sequencing (7/14 KRAS-mutant; 7/14 KRAS-WT). However, we re-classified 1/14 of these specimens as KRAS-mutant by both COLD-PCR melting curve analysis and COLD-PCR sequencing. The method used by the outside laboratory to identify KRAS mutations was regular sequencing, which explains why the KRAS mutation in that specimen was not originally detected.
Cancer tissue presents challenges for KRAS mutation analysis because each specimen is a unique mixture of tumor and non-tumor cells. A typical formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer specimen might have between 2-50% tumor cells, which corresponds to 1-25% mutant allele when the tumor is diploid and a heterozygous mutation is present. To enrich the proportion of tumor cells most laboratories (including ours) manually dissect areas of tumor tissue from unstained sections guided by an HE-stained slide. This approach improves mutation detection, but tumors with a diffuse growth pattern or dense inflammatory infiltrate may still have a significant proportion of "contaminating" non-tumor DNA after tumor dissection. For this reason, methods such as COLD-PCR and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamping have been developed to increase the sensitivity of mutation analysis by selectively amplifying mutant alleles in a wild type background [9,10,13].
Here, we demonstrate that COLD-PCR combined with probe-based melting curve analysis can reproducibly detect down to 1% KRAS-mutant allele in a wild type background. This is comparable to the sensitivity reported with PNA clamping methods applied to melting curve analysis [14,15]. We show that our COLD-PCR method can readily detect the 20% and 1% KRAS-mutant controls used in the nucleic acid clamping-based TIB Molbiol commercial kit for the LightCycler® instrument, with substantially less expensive reagents (~$5 compared to ~$100 per reaction). Limitations of our study include the relatively small sample size (n = 61), and lack of validation of the full range of rare KRAS mutations. A larger scale study is required to determine the assay's performance on the full complement of rare KRAS mutations.
A recent editorial on COLD-PCR technology suggested that "The utility of COLD-PCR will be greatly enhanced if this approach can be demonstrated to completely eliminate microdissection steps or at least to substantially reduce the tumor percentage required....[16]." We show that the COLD-PCR melting curve assay is sensitive enough to readily detect a KRAS mutation without tumor dissection in a sample with only ~3% tumor cells. Despite this, we believe it is prudent to continue dissection for tumor enrichment because additional mutational testing may be required on the same DNA preparation, and these add-on tests may have lower sensitivity.
Among a cohort of 61 sporadic colorectal cancer specimens we found that 4/33 (12.1%) specimens harboring KRAS mutations were incorrectly classified as KRAS-WT using regular (conventional) PCR melting curve analysis and Sanger sequencing, despite dissection of samples for tumor enrichment. An additional 10/33 KRAS-mutant specimens were close to the limit of detection using standard melting curve analysis (Table 4 "Lo-Pos"). These findings are supported by recent reports of false negative or equivocal KRAS results when less sensitive methods are used [13,17,18]. One study identified 10/57 (17.5%) additional KRAS-mutant samples when COLD-PCR was incorporated into high resolution melting curve analysis [17]. Kobunai and colleagues detected KRAS mutations in an additional 25 out of 224 colorectal tumors when a highly sensitive PNA-clamping method was compared to direct sequencing [13]. A third group reported equivocal KRAS results in 10% (18/180) of FFPE tumor specimens using a melting curve approach that was similar to our assay without COLD-PCR enhancement [18].
Misclassification of KRAS mutation status has important clinical consequences because KRAS testing of tumor tissue is often used as the sole determinant for selection of anti-EGFR therapy [19,20]. Taken together, our data and the results of other recent studies suggest that more than 10% of patients with KRAS codon 12/13 mutations are incorrectly classified as wild type when less sensitive methods are used. This has implications for patient care and for the interpretation of results from clinical trials that assessed KRAS mutations by direct sequencing, such as the 2008 landmark New England Journal of Medicine study by Karapetis and colleagues [4].
Previous studies have reported COLD-PCR applied to KRAS mutational analysis [9,17,21] and COLD-PCR combined with high-resolution melting curve analysis [17,22], but to our knowledge this is the first report of COLD-PCR combined with fluorescent probe-based melting analysis. Mancini and colleagues applied COLD-PCR to KRAS mutation detection using the Corbett Research RotorGene 6000 high resolution melting instrument [17]. The method described by Zuo et. al. 2009 utilized a ~7 hour full COLD-PCR protocol followed by a second reaction in a pyrosequencing instrument and achieved 1.1 to 4.7-fold enhancement KRAS-mutant signal compared to regular PCR [21]. Milbury and colleagues used single-step and nested PCR conditions followed by high resolution melting curve in a separate instrument [22]. There are important advantages to the novel strategy we describe here which make it appealing for the clinical setting compared to earlier reports. Most importantly, our method is performed as a single ~1 hour reaction and is entirely closed-tube, which cuts down substantially on labor and instrument time, while minimizing the risk of sample handling errors and contamination. Additionally, compared to high resolution melting curve analysis, our probe-based method offers theoretical increased specificity afforded by 2 primers and 2 probes (compared to 2 primers only), and better suitability for laboratories that already own or have experience with the Roche LightCycler® instrument.
We report a rapid, single-reaction, closed-tube clinical assay for KRAS mutations that combines COLD-PCR with melting curve analysis using the LightCycler® instrument. The assay has a sensitivity of at least 1%, which is comparable to or better than many commercial kits and previous studies, although methods with superior sensitivity have been reported [22-24]. In a cohort of 61 colorectal cancer samples, the assay improved diagnostic accuracy by correctly identifying 4 KRAS-mutant samples that were not detected by regular melting curve analysis or direct sequencing. Incorporation of COLD-PCR with probe-based melting curve analysis was straight-forward to optimize and implement, and is therefore an appealing strategy for assays designed to detect low-level minority alleles.
List of Abbreviations
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Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
CP developed the assay, designed the study, helped perform the experiments, analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. LA helped perform the experiments. PR and LJ helped design the study, provided FFPE specimens, commercial controls, scientific guidance, and reviewed the manuscript. JT helped design the study, analyze the data, review the manuscript, and also provided resources and scientific guidance. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
We thank UT MD Anderson Cancer Center Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory for providing de-identified clinical specimens. We thank Dr. Deborah Barden and Dr. Karen Stephens for help in designing experiments and preparing the manuscript. We thank Dr. William Grady for providing colorectal cancer cell line DNA
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Algeria coach Rabah Saadane on Wednesday added five players to his pre-2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™ list of 25 that will get together for a training camp at Crans Montana in Switzerland between 13-27 May.
ES Setif trio Lazhar Hadj Aissa, Hocine Metref and Khaled Lemmouchia will join the squad, as will Mohamed Meftah of JS Kabylie and Amri Chadli, who has just signed for recently promoted Bundesliga side Kaiserslautern.
Algeria, who are due to play warm-up games against Ireland in Dublin and the United Arab Emirates, have been drawn in Group C at the South African world finals alongside England, Slovenia and USA.
Each competing country is allowed a 23-man squad, which has to be submitted to FIFAno later than 1 June.
*Please note that squad lists only become official after they have been submitted to and announced by FIFA.

subset: commoncrawl


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Although they took some getting used to (still in the process..), they are much more comfortable than my baggies. Now maybe I won't snag them on trees anymore
Just say no.
Oh, I thought this was a Depends thread...
It's better to burn out than fade away...or slip out of your pedal and face plant on the side of the road!!!
'06 Cannondale Prophet
'08 Specialized S-Works Stumpjumper
'09 Specialized S-Works Tarmac SL2
Huge inside joke.
mzeffex...I'm proud of you for being secure in your manhood.


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'Paula' sailing boat
|Jõesuu, Vaibla küla, Kolga-Jaani vald, Viljandi maakond | Show on map
|Mobile phone:
|(+372) 527 5630
|Method of payment:
|Card payment, Cash only
The 'Paula', a trawling sailboat, can take groups of up to 12 people on trips around Lake Võrtsjärv. Come and enjoy the shimmering waters of the lake and the breathtaking nature on shore! You can also order refreshments in the form of eel soup and/or smoked bream. Trips only set out when booked in advance and cost €99.70 per hour.
Times and prices
Is open 01.05 - 15.10 advance bookings only
|Group price:
|from 125 €
Level of difficulty
- Easy
- Suitable for children
Features and amenities
- Safety equipment
- Catering at extra cost
Maximum number of participants
Languages spoken
- Estonian
- English
- Russian
Seminar and conference rooms
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2001 Ford F-350 • 350,000 miles
Have vibration between 75_80 MPH. Feels like a wash board. Some history, just put friends used transmission and engine in my truck with 205,000 miles. Truck has all new front parts, breaks, tires, rotors, bushings etc.
January 12, 2013.
January 12, 2013.
Wheel balance and check for worn out steering parts.
Jan 12, 2013.
Jan 12, 2013.
Instructions on how to replace the rear drivers side control arm bushing,(the one in front) on a 1999 Buick park ave. what all do i have to disconnect to lower control arm to get to ...
2 answers • 1999 Buick Park Avenue
Hello Car Pros, I took my car into the shop the other day and the mechanics told me I needed to replace the rear trailing arm bushings on my 1999 Honda Civic. I asked how much it ...
1 answer • 1999 Honda Civic • 129,000 miles
I just had an oil change and they told me the rear trailing arm bushings are broken and recommend replacement ASAP. They say they aren't leaking yet, but could start at any time. How ...
2 answers • 2001 Honda CRV • 995,000 miles
I just took my car in and they are saying my rear bushings on the rear trailing arms are broken. I have a 1999 Honda Civic LX. They have never been replaced. Is this normal?
4 answers • 1999 Honda Civic • 92,000 miles


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Paul Krugman says that I "have no home": Conservatism has been taken over by monetary cranks. Efforts to argue conservatives out of crankery — as I tried to do here yesterday — have failed and will keep failing because it is "deeply embedded in the modern conservative psyche."
I don't agree. Most conservatives are more concerned than I am about the inflationary potential of the Federal Reserve's recent policies. But while I think that view is wrong, I don't think it's crazy.
Relying on shadowstats.com to claim that inflation is a lot higher than the federal government says — as one conservative argued in National Review Online yesterday — is, in fact, crankery.
But that's not the dominant view on the right. There's a reason that James Pethokoukis of the American Enterprise Institute joined me in criticizing the article: It was an unusual instance in which a well-known conservative writer gave crank inflation statistics credence. Presumably that's why Krugman's only other example comes from three years ago.
There always have been some conservatives attracted to crankery and always will be. But the next Fed chairman appointed by a Republican won't be one of them. That appointee may well think that monetary policy has been too loose. He or she is highly unlikely to think that official inflation statistics have dramatically understated the real rate over the past few years — or, for that matter, that we should return to the gold standard or that the monetary base should never increase.
These views haven't actually been a major obstacle to better monetary policy over the past few years, because few people who hold them make policy or have much influence over it.
Other views have been more of a problem: the view that low interest rates are a sign that monetary policy is already loose; the view that monetary policy can't help an economy at or near zero interest rates; the view that looser money now poses a serious risk of inflating asset bubbles.
Those views and similar ones aren't just held by cranks. They aren't held just by conservatives, either. Some of them are held by the president himself, who said he was looking for a Fed chairman who agreed with them.
Krugman says that I'm "frustrated" by conservative crankery. Not nearly as frustrated as I am with other people, whose mistakes have been more consequential.
There are no comments available.
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With the Red Sox nearly assured of winning the AL East – their magic number was four heading into Tuesday night's game against the Orioles – the team is walking a fine line.
With the Red Sox nearly assured of winning the AL East – their magic number was four heading into Tuesday night's game against the Orioles – the team is walking a fine line.
On one side is the push to finish with the best record in the American League and clinch home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. In that race, Boston led the Oakland A's by 3 1/2 games before Tuesday night.
On the other is the desire to keep everyone sharp and healthy with more important games to come in October than what remains in September.
"We'll pick our spots to get guys off their feet as needed," said manager John Farrell.
Making matters more complicated is the upcoming schedule.
The Red Sox are off Monday before playing two games in Colorado, then are off the next Thursday before finishing the season with three games in Baltimore.
And assuming they win the AL East, they'll have four days between the end of the regular season and start of the playoffs at Fenway Park on Friday, Oct. 4.
"We know we've got an opportunity once the regular season is finished that there are those four days to regroup physically ... but leading up to that if there is a glaring need to get a guy off his feet we'll take advantage of that," said Farrell.
Though the players are concerned only with the game at hand, they're aware of what will likely happen in the near future. And though they know there are games with raised stakes looming, they're staying in the moment.
"We're definitely not looking forward," said Jonny Gomes. "Definitely you can smell it. In spring training, the offseason, you get yourself ready for 162 games, because you never know. We're in shape for 162 games."
Playoff Rotation
In whatever order Farrell decides, John Lackey, Jon Lester and Clay Buchholz will start the first three Red Sox playoff games with Jake Peavy likely to pitch the fourth, if needed.
With so much down time between now and Oct. 4, making sure they're game ready will be a challenge.
"We have to balance the two off days next week and then the potential for those four days off as well and not have a guy get too far away from a start," said Farrell. "Those three guys are all going to be eligible and rested going into Baltimore. The rotation they fall under, that's yet to be determined."
Felix Doubront, dropped from the starting rotation to make room for Buchholz, threw a simulated game Tuesday and will pitch Saturday against the Blue Jays. ...
Page 2 of 2 - Jacoby Ellsbury, out with a fracture in his right foot, is no longer wearing a boot but has not begun baseball-related activities. Still, the expectation is that he'll return before the end of the season. ...
Peavy and Lester are slated to start Wednesday and Thursday against the Orioles, opposed by Wei-Yin Chen and Chris Tillman.
Eric Avidon can be reached at 508-626-3809 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @ericavidon.
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Lomsnes, Murray Power Cowgirls Past Rams for Third-Straight Border War Victory
Wyoming clinches third-consecutive playoff berth
Ashouri and Lomsnes Tally Goals to Beat Utah State 2-1
Cowgirls closeout last home match of the regular season
Meyer's Header Pushes Cowgirls Past Broncos 1-0
Wyoming breaks the school's all-time shutout record
Kevin's Commentary: Australian Cowgirls
An Insider's Perspective of UW Athletics Presented by U.S. Bank
Cowgirls Wrap Up Home Slate This Weekend
UW will battle the Broncos and Aggies
Pete Cuadrado enters his fourth season in 2015 as the Wyoming Cowgirl head soccer coach, after leading the Cowgirls to an 11-9-1 record last season. While in Laramie, he has compiled a 26-28-7 overall record and 13-12-3 Mountain West mark.
During 2014 Cuadrado received MW Coach of the Year accolade, by leading the Cowgirls to an 8-3 mark in conference play for second in the MW standings. He also coached Wyoming to a perfect 6-0-0 record at the Louis S. Madrid Sports Complex for the first undefeated home record in program history. He helped lead UW to 37 goals, the most in UW single-season history. Cuadrado led the Cowgirls to its second MW championship game after an overtime victory over New Mexico in the semifinals to tie UW's best season finish since 2011. Along with his Coach of the Year honor the Cowgirls received these awards from the MW in 2014; Freshman Player of the year, Offensive Player of the Year, a First Team All-MW and a Second Team All-MW. Other postseason individual honors were awarded such as Capital One Academic All-District VII First Team, a TopDrawerSoccer.com Top 100 Freshman, NSCAA Scholar All-West Region and All-Pacific Region Second Team.
Among his accomplishments during his second year at UW were leading the program to 31 goals, the most in UW regular season history. Cuadrado led Wyoming to a 2-1 victory over San Diego State, which was SDSU's first Mountain West regular-season loss since 2011. The Cowgirls also advanced to the Quarterfinals of the Mountain West tournament for the second time in program history and earned Wyoming's first postseason win since 2011 after defeating UNLV 4-2 in penalty kicks during the first round.
During his first season in 2012, the Cowgirls scored 30 goals, which at the time was the most in program history. Wyoming also scored six goals against Montana State-Billings, third-most in UW single game history in 2012. He has also coached three first team All-MWC selections in his first two seasons with Wyoming. Off the field the Cowgirls have continued to make tremendous progress academically. The 2013 season saw 13 Cowgirls earn Academic All-Mountain West, as 12 were named during Cuadrado's first season in 2012.
Cuadrado joined the Cowgirl program after spending nine seasons at North Dakota State University where he compiled a 93-62-18 record. During the 2011 season at NDSU, Cuadrado led the Bison to a school-record win total of 15. On their way to a 15-4-2 record, the Bison recorded 11 shutouts and posted a 7-1-1 mark in Summit League play. The Bison advanced to their third-straight Summit League tournament, advancing to the title game before falling to Oakland. He had two players earn postseason honors with one First Team All-Summit league and Defensive Player of the Year. He also coached the first player in NDSU history to a CoSIDA Academic All-America First Team honor.
The 2010 season was a historic season for NDSU and Cuadrado, earning the program's first Summit League tournament title and advancing to the NCAA Tournament for the first time in program history. After winning their Summit League semifinal game in penalty kicks, the Bison downed Western Illinois, 3-1, in the league title game. The victory earned NDSU a berth in the NCAA tournament against No. 9 Texas A&M. The Bison tied the Aggies, 1-1, before falling in penalty kicks. Cuadrado had two players selected to the All-Summit League First Team. NDSU finished the season 12-5-6 and 6-2-1 in the Summit League.
Cuadrado led his 2009 Bison team to a 10-8-2 record and a 7-2 record in conference play. The 7-2 conference mark gave the Bison their first-ever league title, sharing the title with IUPUI and South Dakota State. The Bison's first league title also earned them their first-ever Summit League Tournament bid. They finished the season leading the conference in goals, assists and points. Two Bison players also earned NDSU's first Summit League First Team All-Conference honors since joining the league in 2007.
During the 2008 season, his Bison struggled with injuries and went 5-8-1, but he became the winningest coach in NDSU history. In 2007, the Bison ended the season 11-7-1, finishing their first season in the Summit League with a 3-4-1 record.
Playing their final season in the United Soccer Conference in 2006, Cuadrado and the Bison posted a 13-7-1 record and finished runner-up in the USC Tournament. In their second season as an NCAA Division I school in 2005, the Bison won 11 games (11-5-3) with 10 shutout victories. For his role leading the Bison to an 11-win season, he earned Division I Independent Coach of the Year honors.
His first season at NDSU, Cuadrado guided the Bison to an 11-3-2 record which was a .750 winning percentage and the second highest in the history of Bison soccer.
Cuadrado was named head coach of the NDSU program in March 2003, after spending two seasons as an assistant coach at Illinois State University in Normal, Ill. Prior to ISU, he spent the 2000 soccer season as an assistant at Valparaiso University, in Valparaiso, Ind., while earning his master's in athletic administration. He completed his master's in May 2002.
Throughout his time coaching he has been active in the Olympic Development Program (ODP). Cuadrado also has his USSF National "B" Coaching License, National Goalkeeping License and National Youth License.
Cuadrado Year-By-Year


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Maple Professional
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BlockImporter[Import] - import a Simulink(R) system
Calling Sequence
Import( model, subsys, opts )
(optional) string; Simulink® model
(optional) string; Simulink® subsystem
(optional) equation(s) of the form option = value; specify options for the Import command
init = string
Specifies a Matlab initialization command to execute. The default is to not execute an initialization command.
inplace = truefalse
Specifies that the Simulink® model is to be modified in place (in MATLAB®) to convert it to a Maple record. The default is false.
path = string
Specifies the directory from which model is read. This is also used as the directory to search when no model is specified. The default is the current directory (currentdir).
The Import command converts a Simulink® model to a Maple record. The format of the record is described in BlockImporter[datastructure].
The optional model parameter is the base name of the Simulink® file. It should not include the extension (.mdl) of the file. If the model parameter is not provided, then a Simulink® dialog box opens that prompts the user to select a model file and subsystem.
The optional subsys parameter is the name of a subsystem in the Simulink® model. If provided, then just that subsystem is imported. The name of a subsystem includes the model name, separated by a forward slash. For example, to import a subsystem named mysubsystem from a model named mymodel, the value of subsys is mymodel/mysubsystem. The subsys parameter is only used if the model parameter is specified.
Import the model.
Print out the summary of the imported data structure.
See Also
BlockImporter, BlockImporter[datastructure], BlockImporter[PrintSummary], BlockImporter[SimplifyModel]
Download Help Document


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See what events are on near you and browse your bookmarked pages.
Land cress is sometimes referred to as American cress. It is a tasty watercress substitute, ready to eat in seven to eight weeks after sowing. It is rich in vitamins, iron and calcium and provides a continuous supply over a long period. It is easy to grow.
Being hardy, it will provide pickings through the winter if covered with a cloche or similar protection.
Sow seeds thinly 13mm (0.5in) deep from March to August in rows 15cm (6in) apart. Plants for overwintering can be sown from August to September in rows 30cm (12in) apart.
Land cress does best in a cool, moist soil and part shade.
When large enough to handle thin seedlings 10cm (4in) apart.
Keep plants well watered, especially sowings made in the spring.
Cut plants regularly while they are fresh and young, as this will encourage further growth.
View all Land cress at the RHS Plants Shop
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GMC Savana
Just bought 1999 gmc savanah custom van. Where can I get an owners manual :
June 21, 2006.
June 21, 2006.
Try checking with your local GM dealership, if they don't have one on site they can order you one. Generally runs you about 10-12$ and takes 3-4 weeks to get it. Other than that run a search and you will find some sites that can get you one but they will be as high or higher than dealer. What can you do? : Shock:
Jun 21, 2006.
Jun 21, 2006.
I own a 1999 Savana and purchased a full set from helminc. Com. I hope they are still in production.
Good Luck!
Good Luck!
Mar 9, 2008.
Mar 9, 2008.
I just changed the computer in my 1997 pontiac grand am, 2.4l. After I was done the car will only start then shut right back off. Whats my problem? I also need an owners manual.
18 answers • 1997 Pontiac Grand Prix • 130,000 miles
Do you have the DIGITAL Chevette 92 owner's manual?
1 answer • 1992 Chevrolet Chevette • 81,000 miles
1989 Toyota Cressida 4 cyl Two Wheel Drive Manual 184000 miles iam looking for owners manual and online repair manual for 22R engine
1 answer • 1989 Toyota Cressida
Electrical problem 1983 Chevy Silverado V8 Two Wheel Drive Automatic 157000 miles I need an owners manual and a repair manual for this truck. I'm trying to restore it to as close...
1 answer • 1983 Chevrolet Silverado


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Video details
Comments (53)
- Aggressive verbal dom muscle top orders twink around. Makes him watch a video of himself getting fucked while he sucks the muscle guy\'s dick. He fucks the shit out of him before giving him a huge facial. Cum everywhere. Hot.
- (639 Votes)
- 1,843,839
- 11-01-2010
Comment on this video
Posted: by MisterGlenn (2013-02-17 00:37)
the top is OBNOXIOUS and sounds stupid...but the bottom is HOT, HOT, HOT. I wish the top would just shut up. A little verbal is great...but this guy sounds like a jerk...and his all-over tan makes him look like a cheesy porn clone. Guys with pale white natural skin are much more erotic than guys with cheesy tans.
Posted: by MuscleLuke (2012-09-23 11:52)
Oh yeah, the top is Brandon Charron. I'd let him do anything to me too.
Posted: by team2 (2012-09-16 21:22)
the bottom has an insanely tight ass like my best mate whos so straight i could die! someone want to help me get him drunk and rape him? its his pic in my profile pic :o)


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While we don't know where Jered Weaver will be pitching in 2013, we do know Dan Haren and Ervin Santana can be in the Angels rotation that season -- and at affordable prices, considering the current free-agent market.
[caption id="attachment_90865" align="alignright" width="224" caption="(Michael Goulding, The Orange County Register)"][/caption]
The Angels hold club options for '13 on Haren, for $15.5 million ($3.5M buyout) and Santana, for $13 million ($1M buyout).
While you're doing your hand-wringing over how much Jeff Mathis plays (a little less, now that Bobby Wilson and Santana have become an item), the Angels' offensive struggles, or the failure to add to the lineup at the trade deadline, you could take a moment to thank GM Tony Reagins for trading for Haren, and signing Santana to an extension that covered his arbitration years (and probably his first two years of free agency).
Two sheer strokes of genius.
Haren will make $12.75M in 2012, and Santana jumps to $11.2M. Try to find starting pitchers of that quality on the open market for anything near that price. Wait, I'll save you the trouble -- you can't.
Their situations should not be overlooked because of the Weaver uncertainty. He might want to break the bank after the 2012 season when he hits the market, and he has every right to -- but just remember, if Weaver wants to remain an Angel, he can, and it won't be at starvation wages, either.
Also on the Angels blog:
[rssfeedme cat="fromthedugout" feedpath="/category/angels/feed/" max="6"]


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Two teams in the championship, one full factory and one on Italy run by Feel Racing who have won a goodly number of WSBK championships for Ducati in the halcyon factory days!
More money than any other team in the paddock!
Did they really punch over their weight to finish third?
I would hate to think what punching below your weight means at BMW!


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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- Rhymes: -iːki
cheeky (comparative cheekier, superlative cheekiest)
- (informal) Impudent; impertinent; impertinently bold, often in a way that is regarded as endearing or amusing.
- 1899, Rudyard Kipling, Stalky & Co., chaper 4:
- "Shut up," said Harrison. "You chaps always behave as if you were jawin' us when we come to jaw you."
- "You're a lot too cheeky," said Craye.
- 1909, P. G. Wodehouse, The Swoop! or How Clarence Saved England, chaper 7:
- The Young Turks, as might have been expected, wrote in their customary flippant, cheeky style.
- 1899, Rudyard Kipling, Stalky & Co., chaper 4:
- (informal, Britain, of food and drink) Eaten or drunk as an indulgence.
- 2009, Amy Huberman, Hello, Heartbreak, Penguin UK (ISBN 9780141943237)
- Although sometimes I'd award myself a cheeky McDonald's hangover treat if I did well.
- 2010, Richard Herring, How Not to Grow Up: A Coming of Age Memoir. Sort of., Random House (ISBN 9781407031439), page 285
- It was a massive struggle to resist the lure of a cheeky beer, but I held firm.
- 2011, John Donoghue, Police, Crime & 999, Troubador Publishing Ltd (ISBN 9781848766853), page 7
- It transpired that Mrs Egg had been cooking dinner when she discovered Mr Singlet making himself a sandwich. I don't know about you but it does seem a little bit naught after she's gone to all that effort. Naughty yes but hardly a crime and certainly not enough to warrant a 999 call. Yet that's what she had done. That's why we had left our own dinner, charged through rush hour traffic, disrupted commuters on their way home – all for a cheeky sandwich.
- 2009, Amy Huberman, Hello, Heartbreak, Penguin UK (ISBN 9780141943237)
impudent; impertinent


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Caught Hand Holding
that girl is a las vegas waitress? god micheal,can you just done a lot better than this whore? i mean he is olympian and that girl is a las vegas pros.try date someone like actress or singer or models .she is ugly.
he goes from bad to worse
michael is still stupide!!!!he has sex with every girl he likes and all of them are soooo unlgy!!!!!!!
- Photo Credit:
- Splash News
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- Michael Phelps and Caroline Pal
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- Michael Phelps, Caroline Pal
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- Michael Phelps Photos, Caroline Pal Photos
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- Miami
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text:
There are 551 listings and 2 reviews for Kidlington.
12 listings have additional information, such as opening hours and company descriptions.
72 Nethercote Road Kidlington OX53AT
9 Bicester Road Kidlington OX52LB
35 Church Street Kidlington OX52BA
10 Manor Way Kidlington OX52BD
Barn C Church Lane CHARLTON ON OTMOOR Kidlington OX52UA


text:
Deviant Art
Tank In Wonderland. 3Tank In WonderlandMore Like This
Chapter. 3
Hatter watched the black haired soldier jump off his horse. The metal armor he wore made and awful sound as he walked preparing for choas. "Vhy hello herr Alexander vhat can zhe hatter do for you today?"
The hatter was punched in the face and he fell to the ground holding his cheek. Laughs, they sound so crazy, Dempsey fought back the eager to open the door and punch the guy back. "Where is he?" The man yelled and punched the mad hatter again. "WHERE IS HE?"
"V-Vhat are you talking about?"
Alexander knocked the Hatter's head on the ground roughly. "Don't play dumb you crazy psychopath, Where is Tank?"
"I don't know"
The soldier growls and sends his men to investigate, never trust a psychopath. The men walked around searching up and done the uncovered area that had nothing more than a table and the tea cabinet. "He could be anywhere don't miss a spot" Hatter watched from the corner of his eyes as the men scanned the area turning their exposed house upside d
Tank In Wonderland CHP.1More Like This
Tank in wonderland
Chapter. 1
"If I had a world of my own, everything would be nonsense, nothing will be what it is, because everything will be what it isn't" -Almost Alice (Shinedown)
Tank Dempsey stormed out of his parents room, anger consumed him, his long brown boots kicked the floor and he straightened his short sleeve black jacket and slammed the door to the outer of the house open. "TANK, SON YOU BETTER COME BACK HERE YOUNG MAN" his father yelled from the window that was high up. Tank had a big house which to him he sadly shared with his bossy parents, his annoying little sister, and his grandparents. Tank loved his grandparents everyday they would sit him outside in the living room and tell him a story that had always caught his attention no matter what he was busy with.
"Fuck this" he cursed under his breath. "I WONT MARRY HER" he yelled. "Slut" he mumbled.
"TANK DEMPSEY YOU GET HERE NOW" his mother yelled while his father followed him outside to the green grassy garden.
The h
Tank In Wonderland. 2More Like This
Tank In wonderland
Dempsey felt like he was falling off a thousand floor hotel his body seemed unwilling to touch the ground, he raised an eye brow at all the strange items floating in the air, he didn't even know how they were falling, it's either someone is dropping things down like rain or... Will in Dempsey's mind there was no other explanation. He held on to a chair that was falling and tried to use the train of falling chairs, tables, beds, cabinets, and a whole bunch of other things to try and get to the top of the hole only to get whacked in the face by a flower vase. His vision blurred and once again his body felt light as he was falling and his eyes closed in defeat.
"Is he alive?" Dempsey heard a voice say, he also felt something poke his body.
"Oh dear this is not good." That accent, that voice. Dempsey's eyes shot open and he quickly gripped the man next to him.
"AHA I got you now Bunny like freak, who are you? And what were you doing in my house?" He yelled and tra
|Sta.sh Submit


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42nd Air Base Wing
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Commentary - Talent wins games, but teams win championships
Talent wins games, but teams win championships
Posted 8/15/2013 Updated 8/15/2013
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Commentary by Col. Trent Edwards
42nd Air Base Wing commander
8/15/2013 -
MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, Ala. -
-- Have you ever thought about what makes great teams great? From the team owners, to the coaches, to the players themselves, dynasties expect to win. Great teams are willing to achieve greatness. Ask 10 sports enthusiasts what basketball team has been the greatest franchise in 50 years, the answers would have something in common---a great team that expected greatness.
Team Maxwell is a great team and our greatness starts with individuals. Personal greatness starts from within. Michael Jordan and Larry Bird, two icons in professional basketball, committed to training and practice routines that consistently challenged their individual skill sets. Airmen, likewise cannot be complacent with their current skill sets; we train to a very high level of expertise and then test our skills through base exercises and inspections. We ensure we can apply our knowledge and training in real-world scenarios. Our ultimate job is to defend the nation. We accomplish that objective as a team, but it begins with individuals accepting responsibility for their own competency and taking appropriate action to push themselves to greatness.
Great teams know that greatness is about the team, not the individual. We can all think of great athletes whose team just can't win a championship. Although we may individually do very well in our respective career fields or fare well during an inspection, mission readiness across the installation is team success and the true spirit of Team Maxwell's greatness and that of Air Education and Training Command and the greatest Air Force in the world. An "Outstanding" or "Excellent" during an inspection helps ensure our country remains safe, protected and free.
Great teams have great players who take the time to make their teammates better. No matter how far we get in our lives, someone else helps get us there. Great players unselfishly take the time to enhance the skills of their teammates to reach their own greatness. We also must "grow the bench," mentoring and developing our Airmen into the next generation of Air Force leaders. With this commitment from each of us, we can invest in our future. In doing so, we make Team Maxwell, AETC and the United States Air Force great organizations.
Great teams not only think they are great, they can back it up. Each weekend they get the opportunity to test that assertion on the gridiron. In September, Team Maxwell will have the opportunity to back up our assertion that we are a great organization, the "Best Hometown in the Air Force," when we are tested through a consolidated unit inspection, or CUI. We have trained and practiced hard the last 13 months. We have focused on mission readiness and have successfully deployed 300 Airmen around the world, supporting Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation New Dawn, the combined joint task force mission in the Horn of Africa, humanitarian missions in Peru and Costa Rica and other operations. We have implemented programs; developed and refined processes that took care of SOS, ACSC and AWC students; and took care of Airmen and families--all of which have supported our mission: to operate a world-class installation. In September we have the opportunity to reap the benefits of our hard work when we show the inspectors exactly what makes us the Best Hometown in the Air Force.
Great teams do not miss their opportunity to be great. They know how to execute the game plan when it really matters. Great teams are disciplined and focused. Simply put, they seize the opportunity. I am confident that Team Maxwell has what it takes to seize the opportunity in September.
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Professional Development Opportunities
Many of us in the professional world believe that to achieve success, we must focus our energy toward identifying and then eliminating our weaknesses. StrengthsQuest, a revolutionary program by The Gallup Organization, asserts that we can actually be more successful in our careers by striving to develop our talents into strengths rather than focusing only on the reduction of our weaknesses.
More than 2,000,000 interviews with people from virtually every profession, career, and field of achievement have yielded a simple, yet profound finding:
Top achievers understand their talents and strengths, and build their lives upon them.
SMU has used the Mustang Corral experience to introduce StrengthsQuest to our incoming students. As a result, many of our students are currently using this knowledge to develop themselves academically and personally. This workshop is your opportunity to develop a working knowledge about StrengthsQuest and apply it in your own life as well as in your work with students.
In this workshop participants will learn how to:
Date: October 6, 2015
Time: 1:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Facilitator: Mary Stall, HR Specialist - Organizational Effectiveness
Location: HR Training Room, 208 Expressway Tower
Parking: Park in the All-University Parking (AUP) east of the building.
No SMU parking sticker?
Dress: We encourage you to dress in layers to ensure your comfort in the room throughout the day
Quick Links:
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Enrollment Instructions
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Professional Development Workshops
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twIn Style is a personal style blog started by fraternal twin sisters living in opposite parts of the country who wanted to share their daily looks with each other. We have in common a love of fashion, careers in education, and a birthday.
Copy and paste this code into the sidebar of your blog.


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The note at the end of 2.6.1:
"The term "URL" in this specification is used in a manner distinct from the precise technical meaning it is given in RFC 3986. Readers familiar with that RFC will find it easier to read this specification if they pretend the term "URL" as used herein is really called something else altogether. This is a willful violation of RFC 3986. [RFC3986]"
is both vague and unhelpful.
In what ways is the meaning of URL in the HTML5 spec distinct from the meaning given in 3986? In what way is this usage a willful violation of 3986. Please add specifics, or at least one or more examples of distinctness.
This note is also confusing in the light of the earlier statement in 2.6.1:
"URL is a valid URL if at least one of the following conditions holds: The URL is a valid URI reference [RFC3986]..."
EDITOR'S RESPONSE: This is an Editor's Response to your comment. If you are satisfied with this response, please change the state of this bug to CLOSED. If you have additional information and would like the editor to reconsider, please reopen this bug. If you would like to escalate the issue to the full HTML Working Group, please add the TrackerRequest keyword to this bug, and suggest title and text for the tracker issue; or you may create a tracker issue yourself, if you are able to do so. For more details, see this document:
Status: Rejected
Change Description: no spec change
Rationale: The note was added at the request of some of the members of the working group who felt very strongly about the subject. I don't intend to touch it again. (I'd much rather simply remove all references to these RFCs, since they're rather out of touch with reality, but currently there's no better reference.)
mass-move component to LC1


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'When you're riding really slowly on a bicycle, it's easy to fall over'
The latest Small Business Optimism Index from the National Federation of Independent Business doesn't make for joyous reading. Small firm owners are growing more negative about most parts of their businesses and NFIB Chief Economist Bill Dunkelberg says they don't see D.C. helping at all. In an interview with Bloomberg Radio, he says the recovery is as shaky as ever: "When you're riding really slowly on a bicycle, it's easy to fall over."
Tennessee's self-employment numbers surge
Small biz gets a little more positive
The National Federation of Independent Business' latest survey of business owners shows a small improvement in how they expect the economy to behave in six months, although their collective sentiment is still negative.
"There is no exuberance in spending, as consumers 'make do' rather than spend their increased savings in upgrades or new purchases. It's that extra spending that would provide small business owners a reason to hire and order more inventory, the best stimulus we could have. But confidence is the key and right now there isn't much."
No real upturn yet in NIFB survey
The latest survey of small-company owners by the National Federation of Independent Business shows a small improvement in a number of key indicators, but not enough to turn the overall tide.
The key to economic recovery is restoring the confidence of consumers; only then will small businesses begin to see the sales they need to expand. If consumers fear the path we are on, then 'less is more' policies that reduce the size of government will increase confidence.
Small biz owners kinda saw all this coming
Belmont entrepreneurship professor Jeff Cornwall comments on the latest NFIB sentiment survey, which fell in July for the fifth straight month and is now below its two-year average, and has a pointed opinion about the role of government from here on out.
That is the wrong question to frame the debate. It is what the government has done over the past two administrations that has magnified the problems in our economy.
Governments cannot create a sustained economic expansion through spending and monetary policy. Businesses and their customers do that. Stop bleeding them of their money and get out of their way.
Jobs, but...
Mish passes on details of the latest employment report from TrimTabs, which on the face of it is a positive one. But below the top-line improvement is cause for continued concern: Real wages fell by 2 percent in June. Meanwhile, Jeff Cornwall points to stats that show small businesses still aren't ramping up their hiring pace.
NFIB warns of government audits
The National Federation of Independent Businesses is warning members that they could be audited to determine if they've hired illegal immigrants.
WPLN reports that 30 Tennessee businesses were audited by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement last year, most of them government contractors. But a spokeswoman for the NFIB in Tennessee said the scope and timing of the investigations this year are unknown. Click here for the full story.
Small business optimism declines
The National Federation of Independent Business' Index of Small Business Optimism fell 0.3 points in May to 90.9, making May the third straight month where the index has fallen. According to the organization, about 13 percent of companies plan to increase employment (down 3 points) and 8 percent plan to reduce their workforce (up 2 points) in the next three months.
Click here for the graphs.
'Inconsistent and disappointing'
Those are the two words NFIB Chief Economist Bill Dunkelberg used last week to sum up the state of small-business hiring. Only one in six small companies — traditionally an engine for post-recession employment growth — plans to add jobs in the next six months.
NFIB chimes in on gas prices, drilling
The state's largest small-business association went on the record yesterday about the rise in gasoline prices, saying Tennessee's Congressional delegation should support legislation to restart and expand offshore oil and natural gas drilling and improve the supply-demand equation.
Jim Brown, Tennessee state director of the National Federation of Independent Business, said the $1.01 year-over-year increase in the price of a gallon of gas is " taking a big toll on small businesses."
"Small businesses operate on thin profit margins even in the best of times, and these aren't the best of times," he said.
"If you're a small business owner, you're paying more for supplies and inventory and more on transportation," Brown said. "You have a choice: Jack up prices and risk driving your customers away, or absorb the increase and lose money […] A dependable source of affordable oil would help our businesses grow and create jobs and finally put this recession in our rearview mirrors."


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Card21 - Let Go of the Old by ravynnephelanWatch
©2011-2015 ravynnephelan
Card 21 - The Messenger Oracle
Let Go of the Old
Oh my! A DD?? What a wonderful surprise to discover upon my return after a long absence. Thank you, everyone. Much love <3
Let Go of the Old
Oh my! A DD?? What a wonderful surprise to discover upon my return after a long absence. Thank you, everyone. Much love <3
Daily DeviationGiven 2012-05-01
Card21 - Let Go of the Old by *artoftheempath ( Featured by Astralseed )
so beautiful!
Beautiful work!!
I love the colours there!
Really beautiful!
Really beautiful!
Nicely done
Nice Paon! (peacock)
very nice
Wow, this is absolutely gorgeous. I just love the colors! That DD is well-deserved!
I love this! I really like how you put yellow around the blue of the peacock.. it looks nice, adds contrast
This is cool.
That peacock is awesome. B!tches love peacocks.
Gorgeous, .
This is awesome ................
Wah, this is so beautiful! <3 Excellent work! May I ask what medium you used?
Very nice work!!
Good job!
breath-taking!!! so very pretty!
How gorgeous!
I love how soft the feathers look - amazing work with the texturing
Awesome Peacock! Deserved DD!
I think I used the same reference for a sketch I did about a month back... Great painting though!
I doubt you used the same reference because I used one of my own personal photos for this one
this painting os so vibrant and gorgeous <3
Nicely done. I love peacocks. And congrats on the DD!
Absolutely Stunning!! Gorgeous!
great work
Beautiful work!! Congratulations on the DD!
Very beautiful! I absolutely love this! Any chance you could offer it as a print?
WOw Amazing!!
such pretty feathers! i really like it. congrats on the DD
Ridiculously marvelous.
oooooh. I love this!
This is really beautiful!! I can't quit looking at it!!
WOW!!! The texture of the feathers is simply stunning!! I LOVE IT!
Absolutely beautiful design - both this and the other card designs for the deck. I would love to purchase one when it is released - I'll keep an eye on your DA (watching you now) for news!
I love the colors! Brilliantly merged and detailed in the feathers!
This is simply stunning!
really awesome! love the colors
Its lavly, it almost to me, looks liike night and day....SWEET
This is a gorgeous painting!


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I have very limited experience in this area but the college I attended had a very high attrition rate in camera gear. Most kit did not survive long before being permanently "studented"!
The TLR's they used were Mamiya C330's, all of which still worked and (when used correctly!) turned out very good images. The interchangeable lenses were a very good feature too.
They are quite heavy and cumbersome... ...but can also be used to drive nails!
Whatever you get, please show us the results in your esteemed publication. We don't get to see nearly enough of your own shots, and I've very much enjoyed what I have seen. Also many thanks for all your efforts with that mag, please keep up the good work!
All the best,


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I gotta say that some of the people you guys chose were pretty bad choices
Adam Sandler- I guess killing him would stop all the bad movies he's been making, but I mean who cares, just don't watch his shit.
Oprah- idk, like she has her moments, but all in all she seems like a cool person and a good entertainer, and she does a lot of good with her oogles of cash.
Chaning Tatum- you might as well murder every bad actor, seriously.
Lil wayne- Man if you think most rap sucks nowadays and is dying, I don't think you're even looking in the right spots. theres even some good mainstream stuff, and of course theres always the indie labels you need to look at. If it wasn't for lil wayne though, it probably would have been someone else. Of course record companies would start commercialising a popular genre even more, whatdya expect. Just look at dubstep. It went from being influenced by actual dub (check out goth trad and skream), to becoming more of a drum and bass type genre with crazy low frequencies (skrillex and rusko), simply because people danced to that shit in clubs more.
Kim kardashian- She didn't really get famous for nothing. Her dad was a lawyer in the OJ simpson case. She made a sex tape and then her family gets a p entertaining reality tv show. All she is is an entertainer, and it's not like she did anything horrible.
I'm glad no one mentioned justin bieber, because that shits getting old as well.


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accent wall mirrors
Home made accent mirrors. Meant to look like waves. Can be set up & down or sideways. They take up the whole wall and give the impression that the room is larger. Made of very heavy 1/2 " glass. I used them for a headboard for queen size bed.
Nov 2 -
Lexington - Everything else
Ashley King-Size Headboard and Footboard purchased from Bullard furniture in Fayetteville, and has never been slept on.Paid $300.00 for bed and wanting to sell because it's too big for bedroom.bed isade to where it doesn't require a box spring only a big top mattress, but you can put 2 on it to make it higher . If intrested you can text me at (910)633-6876 for more info or picture of bed.
Nov 19 -
Fayetteville (NC) :
Lumberton - Everything else
Ashley King -Size Headboard and Footboard for sale.Bought from Bullard Furniture in Fayetteville,and has never been slept on. Bed on requires one top king- size mattress( no box spring required )... But you can put two mattresses on it to make it higher. If intrested you can text me at ( 910)633-6876 for a picture .
Cherrywood no scratches
Side rails
Very nice wood
Nov 9 -
Charlotte :
Concord - Everything else
We'll be sending text message alerts for your subscription to


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Fun Thanksgiving Facts and Figures to Blow Your Mind
Yup, Thanksgiving is here. You know the drill -- travel, see family, eat turkey, sleep it off. But there is so much more to this day than you might realize.
Yup, Thanksgiving is here. You know the drill -- travel, see family, eat turkey, sleep it off. But there is so much more to this day than you might realize.
It only took Old Man Winter a few hours to set in shop in western Montana, as the first arctic storm of the season dumped several inches of snow, snarling rush hour traffic. One fatality reported east of Missoula on I-90.
The University of Montana Faculty Senate met on Tuesday afternoon in the Urey Lecture Hall to discuss the recent announcement of budget and staff cuts due to reduced enrollment.
During a recent lay over in Ireland, a businessman who was on his way to Israel saw 400 U.S. soldiers about to dig in to their brown bag cold lunches.
Check out Christmas light shows set to Slipknot and Disturbed.
Jameson Black Barrel and the Thomas Meagher Bar are challenging you to grow a mustache for men's health as they celebrate 'Movember.'
The best part about it being today? All the luxurious lace on display. (That's a rhyme.)
Our winner is Jade Krause! Jade is 20-years-old and her father is Airman 1st Class David Krause, currently deployed with the United States Air Force until June.
The Big Sky Conference released its final All-Conference Selections on Tuesday afternoon.
The Montana Department of Justice reminds the public to keep an eye out for online shopping scams, identity theft attempts, and false charity solicitations during the upcoming holiday season.
Your holidays aren't complete without a few trips to the Southgate Mall.
Watson Children's shelter in Missoula is preparing for the holidays and according to Executive Director Mike Boehm, there are lots of helping hands because their facilities are at capacity.


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Internet Explorer 9 Beta
Windows Internet Explorer 9 Beta: Installing Add-ons Most people don't associate IE with add-ons, with Firefox dominating that concept, but Microsoft's browser has long been customizable with them. Note also the notification at the bottom asking if you want to allow the download. This replaces the yellow bar that used to appear at the top of the page window for all notifications.
11 / 20


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Music is one of the oldest and widely adored forms of art. It offers a range of benefits in the life and health of people. It is not a surprise that many parents are doing their best to let their child be engaged in fun and productive activities such as playing a musical instrument. Teaching children how to play an instrument is a form of musical education that is given at the best time of a person's life. Children are inherently sharp and they don't typically have difficulties honing their skills.
To become an efficient music teacher (or specifically a piano teacher – check this website), you need to have the passion to play a musical instrument as well as listen and teach music. You will be able to help others discover and develop their skills in music if you are equipped with the knowledge, skills, and experiences needed to teach music. Of course, it can be highly beneficial for your career and your students' learning progress if you have attended a university as a music major. You also should be able to determine your specialty such as if you specialize in playing piano or guitar. You need to remember that your salary may depend on your educational attainment.
As someone who teaches a musical instrument, you need to be equipped with the techniques that can significantly help you teach effectively and make the entire learning experience for your students exciting and painless. For instance, you should know about the techniques to use to get a student "unstuck" and continue his progress. There are also tools for music educators that you should learn about and use. These tools can make teaching easy, and they will also help students learn effectively.
Bear in mind that there is a great difference in teaching children and adults. This is why you need to make sure that you have the ability to present lessons that are ideal for a person's age and learning style. There are even techniques on how you can help your students stay motivated during classes. You also should learn how to actively listen to students as it will educate you about the emotions of the students based on their behavior.
During the first phases of the music class, make sure that you use techniques to determine the weaknesses and strengths of your students. You need to help your students identify their weak areas and turn them into strengths. This will help make the entire learning process run smoothly. Make the lessons fun by bringing humor to the lessons.
Teaching a musical instrument to other people can be a very rewarding job. This is of course true if you are passionate about playing an instrument and imparting your knowledge to others. If you are just starting to teach, do not fret and have confidence in your abilities. The best piano teachers did not start being great, as greatness usually involves a long process. If you are just starting to teach music, be confident in your abilities and be motivated with the idea that eventually you will become the best music teacher you've been dreaming of.


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Order by: most recent most popular relevance
The UK is at an increasing risk of flooding, said to be the greatest impact of climate change on the UK. The Department for Environment, Food and
DEFRA has delayed publication of its response to the consultation on the Flood Re regulations. Defra says that the delay is due to the "complex and
Flooding is an increasingly serious risk for many properties for a variety of reasons including climate change, inadequate flood defences and the
Following what has been billed as the worst UK Storm since January 1990, it will no doubt take some time for the full toll to be taken. However, what
2013 will herald some significant changes to the UK legal arena, notably in the corporate area in relation to executive remuneration and narrative
Japanese Knotweed was introduced to the United Kingdom from Japan in 1825 as an ornamental plant
This is the twenty-ninth in our series of General Counsel Updates which aim to summarise major developments in key areas
2012 will herald some significant changes to the legal arena, notably in the corporate area in relation to the Prospectus Directive, board diversity and corporate governance and reporting; in dispute resolution in relation to the Government's reforms to the civil litigation costs and funding regime; and in energy, real estate and construction areas where there are major changes to the carbon reduction commitment energy efficiency scheme, changes to the energy performance certificates regime; and also the establishment of the Green Investment Bank
This is a guide to key legal developments in the coming months and years ahead
In July 2008 we commented on the growing problem that flooding presents to the insurance market and outlined how the Government were proposing to tackle the issue in England and Wales following the major floods of 2007


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Loss of experienced defensemen not a big factor in Predators' loss to Flyers
Conventional hockey wisdom is that it takes longer for defenseman to develop than those at any other position.
The Nashville Predators had no choice Saturday but to put that notion to the test and the results were not so bad.
With Shea Weber (eye) and Kevin Klein (lower body) sidelined by injury, the Predators faced the Philadelphia Flyers without their most experienced blue liners – and how. Not only do Weber (554 games) and Klein (382 games) have more NHL experience than any defenseman on the roster, each has more NHL experience than the six who played in that game combined.
PREDATORS DEFENSE vs. PHILADELPHIA
Career NHL appearances prior to Saturday
Roman Josi 116
Ryan Ellis 88
Victor Bartley 44
Seth Jones 26
Mattias Ekholm 21
Joe Piskula 10
Total: 305
"It gives everyone a chance to play more," center David Legwand said. "I think you saw that [Saturday] night. Everyone got a chance to play a little more and did the right things and did a good job, I think. Obviously, the [defense] corps stepped up."
Adding to the intrigue of it all was the overwhelming experience of Philadelphia's defense, which included Kimmo Timonen, who in his own right had 573 appearances for Nashville from 1998-99 through 2006-07.
Career NHL appearances prior to Saturday
Kimmo Timonen 1040
Braydon Coburn 518
Mark Streit 516
Nicklas Grossman 410
Luke Schenn 379
Matt Read 145
The Predators did not win but did not embarrass themselves either. In the 3-2 shootout defeat they outshot the Flyers 36-24, their largest positive shot differential in 14 games and just the second time in eight games Philadelphia managed fewer than 30 shots.
"It was just 'simplify,'" Ryan Ellis said. "I think that was the biggest thing – keep it simple. They have a lot of offense over there. Especially for the young guys it was just keep it simple, make the obvious play and leave it up to our forwards to battle down low [in the offensive end].
"I think we did a great job of maintaining some zone time and getting some chances."
And they all got a little more experience.