text:
asian carp
Sponsored By
Crews Find Asian Carp Closer To Lake Michigan Than ExpectedFederal crews have discovered two Asian carp in the Illinois River, 12 miles closer to Lake Michigan than where others of that size previously were seen.
Asian Carp, Is It What's For Dinner?Start thinking white meat, the other, other, other white meat. Carp.
Legislation Seeks Interim Steps To Stop Asian CarpThe Great Lakes Commission, which represents the eight states and two Canadian provinces that surround the lakes, endorsed the bills and said the proposed changes would not hamper barge and recreational boat traffic on the busy waterway.
Study Explores Asian Carp Effects On Lake ErieThe analysis concluded the nutrient-rich lake might have enough food to go around even if voracious silver and bighead carp eventually develop as big a presence there as native species.
State Leaders Join Forces To Combat Asian Carp, Other Invasive SpeciesThe governors of eight states surrounding the Great Lakes and the leaders of two Canadian provinces agreed today, to join forces to combat invasive species including Asian carp.
Study: Few Asian Carp Needed To Establish FootholdCanadian scientists say a small number of Asian carp might be enough to establish a population in the Great Lakes.
PBS Turns To Wayne State Prof As Asian Carp ExpertWhen the producers of PBS series "Constitution USA" were fishing for an expert to help them with the legal issues snarled around the invasion of Asian carp, they reeled in Wayne State University Law School Associate Professor of Law Noah Hall.
Report: Asian Carp May Have Reached Great LakesOfficials say some Asian carp probably have found their way into the Great Lakes, but there's still time to stop the dreaded invaders from becoming established and unraveling food chains that support a $7 billion fishing industry and sensitive ecosystems.
Study Raises New Concerns Over Asian CarpSeveral varieties of Asian carp have infested the Mississippi River and many of its tributaries.
Man Gets 5 Months In Jail For Selling Asian CarpAn Arkansas man has been sentenced to jail and fined for selling live Asian carp in Michigan.
Asian Carp DNA Found In Chicago River ChannelMore DNA from Asian carp has been found in Chicago-area waters, and officials say an intensive search for the unwelcome fish will take place next week.
EPA Funds Projects To Battle Invasive Species In Great LakesThe United States Environmental Protection Agency Tuesday announced 21 Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grants totaling nearly $8 million for projects to combat invasive species in the Great Lakes basin, including the much-feared Asian carp.


text:
Welcome back to Stockhouse Member Sign In
Sign in with one of the following accounts.
Send my password
« back
Become a member today, It's free!
We will not release or resell your information to third parties without your permission.
Use one of the following accounts.
Go Back...
Nobody here but the "it's bigger than we think" crowd and the moles and hobbyists that needle them - I might feel sorry for the bagholders were it not for their dispicable behaviour.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Skip to content, or skip to search.
Home >
Fashion >
Beauty >
Dr. Leslie Gerstman
You are requesting that we remove a reader's review from the site.
If this is not what you want, please return to the listing page.
Re: My Brilliant Dr Gerstman
Date: 5/4/13
By: Giulianabart
A Review of: Dr. Leslie Gerstman
If you selected "factual error" or "other", please explain:
Indoor surfing, spinning
lovefests, a luxurious
pig-placenta facial, and more.
Copyright © 2015, New York Media LLC. All Rights Reserved.


text: I'm in the process of building a dynamo wheel, except that the hub has not gotten to me yet and will not for a few more weeks. I've already received the headlight and would like to make sure it works, in case I need to exchange it or something. What would be the best way to go about this? The light is a B&M Lumotec IQ Fly.


text:
Dom Knight
Host of Evenings on 702 ABC Sydney, 666 ABC Canberra and ABC NSW
Dom's married
Ten things that happened at my wedding in India
Dom Knight "I can promise no more mopey columns about being single. From now on, I'm going to be one of those infuriating smug marrieds," writes Dom Knight.
Stop the Simpsons
Is it time for The Simpsons to end?
Dom Knight With all the nutty, attention-seeking announcements in recent weeks, one thing's become increasingly clear: friends don't let friends make 27 seasons of The Simpsons, writes Dom Knight.
Married At First Sight
Ten reality TV ideas even better than Married At First Sight
Dom Knight How can the industry possibly top/sink beneath the latest reality TV hit? Dom Knight has some ideas.
Hillary 2016
Hillary Clinton isn't making grandmothers cool
Dom Knight They always were, writes Dom Knight.
Dom Knight
I was a high school debating geek
Dom Knight And all I learned was how to be an arrogant git, writes Dom Knight.
Dom Knight
Why you can hate fantasy, but love Game Of Thrones
Dom Knight "I've always suspected that the thicker the book, the less point there is in reading it," writes Dom Knight.
State politics
Why we should care more about state politics
Dom Knight "As off-Broadway as they can seem, state parliaments decide many of the policies that affect our everyday lives and those of our families," writes Dom Knight. Also, snacks.
Perfect strangers
Why are strangers only friendly in public if you have a dog or a baby?
Dom Knight "It seems to me that we need to be consistent," writes Dom Knight.
Bad birthdays
Do we put too much pressure on ourselves to enjoy our birthdays?
Dom Knight "Once we hit 21, let's stop celebrating our birthdays. We should need no pretext to entertain our friends, and even if we're looking for one, the date of our arrival becomes less worthy...
Bald move
This is the best way of dealing with hair loss
Dom Knight Dom Knight has come up with an effective regime to deal with hair loss. And he's in a position to absolutely guarantee it.
I hate running... and running hates me right back
Dom Knight Dom Knight on an admirable but incremental attempt at an athletic New Year's resolution.
Christmas crackers
Up-to-date Christmas cracker jokes to replace the usual terrible ones
Dom Knight Dom Knight's just saved your Xmas lunch with some topical, 2014-related Christmas cracker gags (and not a 'shark-infested custard' in sight).
Dom Knight
Bromance was born: why do guys find it 'weird' to be enthusiastic about new friendships
Dom Knight Dom Knight thinks it's time for men to drop their guards and show some affection. Tony and Stephen are forging the path ahead.
Dom Knight
The case for not giving gifts at Christmas
Dom Knight There is just one seething boil on the splendid posterior of the otherwise splendid Yuletide season: the presents.
Dom Knight
How to dodge your way through uni without actually cheating
Dom Knight You don't need to hire MyMaster to get through university. Instead of paying some dodgy operation to defraud your institution, why not use these tips to scrape through, absolutely free of...
Dom Knight
You can write a book in a month
Dom Knight But Dom Knight wonders, should you?
Dom Knight
Is it time to ditch single-sex schools?
Dom Knight Life is co-ed, after all. And if our schools are preparing us for it, they should be too.
Dom Knight
Are you ever too old to go backpacking?
Dom Knight Dom Knight's days of shared bathrooms and bedrooms are behind him.
Dom Knight
Why on earth do people take camping holidays?
Dom Knight Dom Knight is not a happy camper.
Dom Knight
Why I'm hopelessly intimidated by Bunnings
Dom Knight "If we all have our own personal hell, uniquely and fiendishly customised to our own preferences, mine will be a Bunnings."


text:
Guest Dividers for 18 Bar Baltic Birch Mold: Make 36 miniature bars of soap in your Birch mold with this perfectly fitted set of dividers. Your soaps will be about 1 1/2" x 2" (actually more like 1 3/8" x 1 15/16" but who's counting?) and about 2 ounces depending on the size of your recipe. Perfect for samplers or just extra cute, tiny little soaps, because everything is cuter when it's tiny!
The Divider Set for the 18 Bar Birch Mold will make 36 bars of soap and includes:
5 long dividers5 short dividers2 long side pieces2 short side pieces
Does not include flat bottom insertGet a complete 18 bar Birch Mold here and the flat bottom insert here for the full set!Divider Material: High Density Polyethylene Plastic
We recommend hand washing all of your molds and pieces to make sure they last a lifetime
"Thank you for your prompt response. Bramble Berry has the best customer service of any company I know of. Pass the word!" -Rene
Melissa of Hallowell Soap Works has built a name for herself in the soaping community with her gorgeous products. Melissa creates a wide range of stunning items, including cold process soap, lip balms, bath bombs and more. In particular, Hallowell Soap Works is known for their signature "strong arm swirl." The swirl features a pronounced wave-like swirl that resembles […]
The post Chatting with Melissa of Hallowell Soap Works appeared first on Soap Queen.


text:
Reid Gym 122
Cullowhee, NC 28723
828.227.3843 tel
WCU's Parks and Recreation Management (PRM) Program will prepare you for jobs in the leisure service and tourism industries, as well as with land agencies such as the National Parks and U.S. Forest Service. Students in the program earn a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree in Parks and Recreation Management or a minor.
Your Learning Environment
Promoting resourcefulness, independent thinking, and service both in- and outside the classroom, our program prepares leaders for professions in recreation and outdoor education. You'll learn from our accomplished faculty in an intellectual and caring environment in which hands-on experiences complement classroom theory.
Career Options & Preparation
The field of parks and recreation offers graduates a wide range of career options in community recreation, outdoor leadership and instruction, commercial and resort recreation, and recreation resource management.
For this reason, we encourage you to gain experience in your chosen area through coursework, internships, and summer employment. You'll gain leadership and participatory experience through volunteer work at Base Camp Cullowhee, where a range of activities are planned for the on- and off-campus community.
The PRM program provides numerous opportunities to seek additional training and certification in areas including wilderness medicine, skiing, canoeing, kayaking, outdoor leadership and more. Landmark Learning is in a special relationship with Western Carolina University to provide nationally recognized certifications to Western Carolina University students for course credit. National certification enhances work opportunities in the field of Outdoor Education and Recreation post graduation.
Internship Opportunities
Excellent internship opportunities, including the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the Blue Ridge Parkway, Navitat, Nantahala Outdoor Center, Project SOAR, and several camps, surround the WCU campus. The strongest industry in the region is tourism, so our students enjoy internships at attractions and resorts in Western North Carolina and in the coastal areas of both North and South Carolina at places like Wilmington, Hilton Head Island, Myrtle Beach, and Charleston. Community parks and recreation agencies abound in the region.
Want to Know More?
Read our mission statement, learn about declaring and planning your major, or contact us with your questions. We look forward to hearing from you.
What's it like to be
a PRM major?
To get a taste of life as a PRM major, learn about the PRM Club.
Outdoor Emergency Care Certification


text:
Innersense Color Awakening Hair Bath8.5 oz. | Cleanser, Sulfate-Free Shampoo
see all Innersense products
(Rated 5/5 based on 7 reviews) Login to add your review
Not the worst I have used...I am a 3b. Used the shampoo and my hair felt not only dirty but I felt some sort of weird residue. I even tried washing twice before conditioning but the result was the same. I won't buy this product again.
Gentle and non stripping. Sulfate free shampoos sometimes feel stripping on my hair (like Terax Miele and others) but not this one. Spreads well in my hair and therefore I don't need too much. Great scent too! Love the matching conditioner also.
A gentle cleanser with a soft scent. Very relaxing to use and cleans well without stripping. A great line of products.
A great daily cleanser. My hair felt clean and not stripped. I like the fact it doesn't have sulfates.
I have long curly frizzy hair, that is until I started using Innersense Color Awakening hair bath. my hair feels more alive, soft manageable. and if I use the Quiet Calm curl control from Innersense after the hair bath, WOW!!! better curl no frizz. My hair NEVER looked so GREAT, I won't use anything else on my hair. Thank you Innersense
Purified Water, Aqua- EAU, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate (1), Sodium Lauroamphoacetate (1), Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate (1), Cucurbita Pepo (2), Butyrospermum Parkii**(3), Citric Acid, Stearic Acid (4), Cetanol (4), Aloe Barbadensis** (10), Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Flower Oil **, Nelumbium Speciosum (Lotus) Flower Oil **, Theobroma Cacao * Helianthus Anuus Seed Extract (5), Aspalathus Linearis Extract **(6), Agropyron (Wheatgrass) Extract***, Nelumbium Speciosum (Lotus) Flower Extract **(4), Eucalyptus Globulus** Echinacea Angustifolia Extract** (7), Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil **, Plumeria Alba Flower Extract (8), Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract***(9), Guar Gum*, Xanthan Gum, Gluconolactone Sodium Benzoate, Parfum of Natural Oils
* from organically grown plants ** certified organic ***biodynamic, 1 Coconut & Palm Oil, 2 Pumpkin Seed Oil, 3 Shea Butter, 4 Mixed Plant, 5 Sunflower Seed Extract, 6 Rooibos (Red Bush) Tea, 7 Echinacea Flower Essence, 8 Frangipani, 9 Lemongrass, 10 Aloe Leaf Juice
Old Ingredients:
Purified Water, Apricotamidopropyl Betaine, Coco-Glucoside, Cocamine Oxide, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Glyceryl Oleate, Cetearyl Glucoside, Citric Acid, Stearic Acid, Cetanol, 1-Octadecanol, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Flower Oil, Nelumbium Speciosum (Lotus) Flower Oil, Butylene Glycol And Helianthus Anuus Seed Extract, Aspalathus Linearis Extract, Agropyron (Wheatgrass) Extract, Nelumbium Speciosum (Lotus) Flower Extract, Echinacea Angustifolia Extract, Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil, Plumeria Alba Flower Extract, Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract, Parfum of Natural Oils
Ingredient Attributes: no silicones
There are not currently any videos found for this product.


text:
This member hasn't added any personal information yet.
Leave dohertyk3 a message to find out more.
Forum Post: 2013 State of the Commonwealth speech
Posted 01/17/2013 08:18:05 EST
If you live in NH and still work in MA you still have to pay MA income taxes. A 1% tax increase on $65,000/yr is $650. Which is not as terrible as it sounds. At least he is proposing to reduce the more »
©2015 Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC
Separate multiple addresses with a comma


text:
July 15, 2014
Adam Friedman
Rivals.com Football Recruiting
One of the more unknown 2016 players in the Mid-Atlantic is Cary Angeline. The tight end from Exton (Pa.) Downington East is up to 11 offers but it sounds like there are a few that have really grabbed his attention. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
Already a member? Click here to sign in


text:
Los Pere Group
Eliseo organized a group so that he could request a loan. He will use the money to buy supplies for planting green beans. In the future, he hopes to increase his yields so that he can plant other vegetables.
The other members of the group grow green beans, cucumbers, and tomatoes. The photograph shows 10 members, but only 7 of them are participating in this loan.
Organiza un grupo y solicita un préstamo que lo utilizará para la compra de insumos para la siembra de ejote, en el futuro desea incrementar sus cosechas y desea sembrar otros hortalizas. Los demás integrantes del grupo se dedican a la siembra de ejote, pepino y tomates. En la fotografia aparecen 10 integrantes, pero, solamente a 7 de ellos se les concedió el préstamo.
Additional Information
About Asociación ASDIRASDIR (Asociación de Desarrollo Integral Rural - Association for the Development of Rural Communities) is a community-based organization that works to promote development in the villages and communities where it serves. It was founded in 1999 in the village of Nimasac, Totonicapán Department, by a handful of local men and women to support community projects and group loans. Today ASDIR has 5 offices across 3 departments (Totonicapán, Sololá and Suchitepéquez) serving more than 6,000 clients, most of them in rural communities.
This is a Group Loan
In a group loan, each member of the group receives an individual loan but is part of a larger group of individuals. The group is there to provide support to the members and to provide a system of peer pressure, but groups may or may not be formally bound by a group guarantee. In cases where there is a group guarantee, members of the group are responsible for paying back the loans of their fellow group members in the case of delinquency or default.
Kiva's Field Partners typically feature one borrower from a group. The loan description, sector, and other attributes for a group loan profile are determined by the featured borrower's loan. The other members of the group are not required to use their loans for the same purpose.
About Guatemala
116View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 14 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- At end of term
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Jun 24, 2013
- Listed
- Jul 18, 2013
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Possible
- Ended:
- Jul 30, 2014


text:
I began my professional journey within the Graphic Design industry, after earning a B.A from Fashion Insitute of Technology. I dwell on symmetry, clean esthetics and unique visuals. My love of photography, nature, music, traveling, culture, art, food, and architecture has greatly influenced my design process. Feel free to contact me for any inquiries and/or business collaborations.
I'm an experienced Professional Branding Expert, my strength lies in identity, innovation, visual communication for print and web. My projects ranges from the Concept Development, Strategy, Naming, Graphic, Packing Design for Private and Public Companies. In relation Visual Communication, Cultural Events, Book design, Logo/Types, Signal System, App Design,
Apparel design, Product Photo Styling, Collateral and Exhibition Display.


text:
THe contest is closed. The winner is listed on the rafflecopter.
My kids love to play computer games, especially my son. If allowed to have his way, he would spend hours a day playing online games or games he has downloaded. He has informed me he wants a career in designing video and computer games. I have no doubt he will succeed- it's his favorite hobby.
Until I discovered I-Play, I thought computer games were designed for children, not adults. Imagine my surprise to discover I-Play had games for everyone. They have a huge selection too. I had never played many computer games before and wasn't sure what would interest me. Because I enjoy the Sudoku puzzle in my daily paper, I searched for "puzzle" games. I found 931 in this category alone! I began to browse through the different genres and themes and found several games to interest me. Some of them had intriguing titles, "Paranormal Crime Investigations," "Hidden Expedition Titanic," and "Natural Threat-Ominous Shores." I found lighter fare as well, "Family Feud-III Dream Home" reminded me of days when I was younger and watched the show on television. I spent a lot of time yelling answers at the set and wondering where these people came up with some of their goofy answers. I couldn't wait to try this version.
Games can be played online or I could download games for free. If I am interested in the full version of the game, I can purchase it for a small fee. New releases are added often to keep my interest piqued. As a mom and a teacher, I liked the "Murfy Maths" game, which use numbers and symbols to crack action-packed math puzzles. I firmly believe learning can be fun and try to encourage the use of games whenever possible. Many of these games develop problem solving and logical skills.
Want to learn more about I-Play? Connect with them on facebook, twitter, and youtube. As an added bonus, I-Play has offered one lucky reader a game of their choice.
Win It!
One person will receive an I-Play game of choice.
a Rafflecopter giveaway


text:
Narrow your search
Alone at home, in the car, at work, on the go, while exercising or with other people?
The U-Turn's brilliant Audio Orbit Plus turntable wows the Audiophiliac.
BB-8 and Millennium Falcon serving platters, Rebel friends cookie cutters and an R2-D2 bento box let you show off your love for "Star Wars" around the house.
The new high-end bundle also includes a hybrid hard drive with faster solid-state storage.
The electronics giant is prepping a super-size Android device, code-named Tahoe, with midrange hardware components, according to industry scuttlebutt.
Pioneer has been making turntables for ages, and this new model the PL-30-K is a strong budget-priced contender.
Do you convert your LPs to MP3 files, or just play music in its original format?
From CNET Magazine: Tips for picking the right fridge for you, and making the most of the one you have.
Commentary: Flexson's VinylPlay turntable lets you can stream LPs' sound to your Sonos speakers, so you can listen to your records in any room of the house. But does that miss the point?
The Charcoal Companion Fondue Grill Set consists of a grilling platter and fondue pot. Designed for use over an open fire, the hot platter sets onto a fitted serving base.


text:
Page 14 | Sport
Kop legend Ian Rush on the Reds' transfer targets and his verdict on the future of Anfield talisman Luis Suarez.
Following Tuesday night's mouthy events, now you can bite back at Suarez and dodge becoming his next snack...
With some of the big names failing to perform at this World Cup, we've been very impressed with these players.
England legend and BBC's World Cup pundit, Rio Ferdinand tells us about how he's enjoying the Brazil World Cup.
A run-down of the top commercials from this World Cup to convince us to spend our hard-earned cash.
The Beeb's World Cup pundits gaze into their crystal balls for the summer ahead and tell us what to expect...
Bringing you the finest goals, funny moments, worst dives, fittest fans and a whole lot more from Brazil 2014.
Pick five players from either side in any World Cup fixture in ZOO's 'one night stand of fantasy football'.
The language experts from Rosetta Stone have picked World Cup teams based on their native language.
We corner a host of UFC stars to get their thoughts on the issues that matter from the fight game to current affairs.


text:
2015 Holiday Ordering Deadlines
Make sure your Spoonflower order arrives before the holidays!
More about this preview.

Change DPI Base size is 150
What we do and how we do it.
See last week's winners
Explore Our fabrics
Optional Filters
I'm going to use this fabric to make...
I'm looking for a fabric that is...
Receive our weekly email with news about contests, giveaways and prodution releases.
Email Address
No Thanks
© 2008-2015 Spoonflower Inc


text:
The Issue of Capital Punishment
In February 1967, the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice published its report, The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society. Supported by a third of a million words and dozens of graphs and tables, the commission advanced more than 200 specific recommendations touching every aspect of crime and criminal justice in the country. Many readers of the report will be shocked to discover that the perennial problem of capital punishment has been disposed of in barely one page! The commission's solitary recommendation could hardly have been briefer:
The question whether capital punishment is an appropriate sanction is a policy decision to be made by each State. Where it is retained, the type of offenses for which it is available should be strictly limited, and the law should be enforced in an evenhanded and nondiscriminatory manner, with procedures for review of death sentences that are fair and expeditious. When a State finds that it cannot administer the penalty in such a manner, or that the death penalty is being imposed but not carried into effect, the penalty should be abandoned. 1
There is some irony in the disproportionate public attention lavished upon the crime of murder and the issue of capital punishment (widely dramatized recently in the best-selling "nonfiction novel" by Truman Capote, In Cold Blood) and the near dismissal of the entire subject in the commission's report. Yet this relative neglect of a major social issue by the most distinguished group of public servants ever assembled under a mandate to scrutinize crime and punishment in America is not really surprising, if one is aware of the relevant facts over the past several decades. All one must do is review the practice of capital punishment in terms of the volume of capitally punishable crimes, the annual number of executions, the trends toward final disposition of death sentences and toward abolition of death penalties, and the attitudes of the public and responsible spokesmen. 2 Once these facts are grasped, the position of the commission and the familiar arguments for and against abolition can be viewed in a somewhat more intelligible light.
Murder, first of all, is by no means the only capital crime: treason, rape, kidnapping (with or without ransom), robbery, burglary, carnal knowledge, perjury in a capital case, and some two dozen other crimes (against property, persons, or the state) are all punishable by death somewhere in the United States. Few, however, carry a mandatory death penalty; nowhere today is either murder or rape, for instance, punishable by death except at the discretion of the


text:
Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA < change city >
DJs (35)
Florists (29)
Caterers (22)
Coordinators (21)
Bands (21)
Wedding Day Beauty (14)
Videographers (13)
Cakes (12)
Wedding Fashion (12)
Decorations (12)
Officiants (12)
Rentals (12)
Tuxedos (7)
Favors (7)
Invitations (6)
Ceremony Sites (97)
Reception Sites (109)
See All Vendors >
Patricia and Joseph's Wedding
Ceremony at Paradise Cove
"Our wedding was terrific! A lot of things didn't go off without a hitch ..."
Sarah and Jeremy's Wedding
Ceremony at Paradise Cove
Reception at Paradise Cove
"Our lakeside wedding at Paradise Cove in Lake Buena Vista, FL was beauti..."
Sarah and Eric 's Wedding
Ceremony at Paradise Cove
Reception at Paradise Cove
"We had a fantastic time. Our wedding coordinator at Paradise Cove was wonderful. She never let me down! GOOOO Shanna!..."
claire and brian's Wedding
Ceremony at Shades of Green at Disney
Reception at Shades of Green at Disney
Stephanie and Patrick 's Wedding
Ceremony at Shades of Green
Maria and Matthew's Wedding
Ceremony at Disney's Wedding Pavilion
Lake Buena Vista Wedding In June
Ceremony at Disney's Wedding Pavillion
Reception at Grand Floridian Spa & Health
Lake Buena Vista Wedding In January
Jenny and Frank's Wedding
Ceremony at Disney's Grand Floridian Beach
Reception at The Whitehall Room and Patio
Lake Buena Vista Wedding In December
Ceremony at Sea Breeze Point
Reception at Walt Disney World Dolphin, A Sheraton Hotel


text:
By Zayda Rivera | 10/23/2015 - 23:04
For Nicole Richie, fashion is "the ultimate form of self-expression."
Read more
By Chantel Morel | 10/16/2015 - 16:01
From birthday bashes to the red carpet, these ladies were all dressed to impress. Check out some of this week's most stylish looks:
Read more
By Priscilla Rodriguez | 10/14/2015 - 10:10
The selfie has become one of the most popular type of photo posts on social media, and celebrities can't get enough of them!
Read more
By Nichole Fratangelo | 10/07/2015 - 09:08
Nicole Richie can soon check off another item on her bucketlist.
Read more
By Celia Fernandez | 06/18/2015 - 09:27
Nicole Richie is dishing out some advice!
Read more
By Celia Fernandez | 06/10/2015 - 10:21
Lionel Richie is coming to his daughter, Nicole Richie's, defense.
Read more
By Celia Fernandez | 06/01/2015 - 14:46
Kim Kardashian West announced during an episode of Keeping Up With The Kardashians last night that she is expecting baby #2.
Read more
By Priscilla Rodriguez | 05/28/2015 - 14:55
There's another celebrity home on the market! Nichole Richie is selling her 5,000 sq.
Read more
By Cristina Arreola | 05/21/2015 - 09:28
Are these new sisters now... new neighbors?
Read more
By Cristina Arreola | 05/12/2015 - 10:56
They say true love lasts forever.
While that statement may or may not be true, one thing is certain: tattoos stick around...long after the love is gone. These celebrities prove that there's no more permanent way to say "Te Amo" than by inking it onto your body:
Read more
- Page 1
- next ›


text:
First of all I would like to recommend this experience to all the people that like travelling and know few about this amazing Country. We found in march a really good deal on Sound Of Ice Travel website and me and my friend decided to take off and experience this. It was the best trip and didn't expected to see... More
Recent Searches
You have no recent hotel searches.


text:
Select Local Merchants
Smile America PortraitsRead MoreIn the last 40 years, Smile America Portraits' photographers have helped to memorialize special moments in the lives of thousands of children, teens, and adults across the country. By constantly working with families, they have mastered the art of calming toddlers and keeping parents still enough to say or even pasteurize cheese. Outdoor shoots make use of natural tones, such as those of crystal-blue lake waters and green, leafy trees. In the spring months, photos brim with the pastel buds of tulips and the shine of bluebirds applying makeup for the first time all year.100 Crandon Blvd.Key Biscayne, FL US
Pepe Le Pooche Resort & SpaRead MoreAs a young girl, Monica Castillo was walking home when she realized she was being followed by a neighborhood cat, which then waited outside her house until she reemerged. The cat, a feral stray, allowed her to pet him, and eventually, adopt him. Monica's mother, Francie, recounts this tale often, claiming that after this experience, Monica declared emphatically that she wanted to be a "doggy doctor," and never strayed from that path. After immersing herself in volunteer work, Monica attended school to become veterinary tech, a title she has held for the past four-and-a-half years. In 2011, the mother-daughter team opened Pepe Le Pooche Resort & Spa to better prepare Monica for her continuing education in veterinary school and to care for animals with kind attention and respect for their needs. "Dogs know when they are being treated well," says Francie. To this end, she surrounds herself with staff members who were raised by animals or just have an affinity for them. Le Salon & Spa at Pepe Le Pooche hosts a crew of groomers who all hold certifications and have experience working around the particulars of different breeds, such as which prefer the scissors over a comb and which relish well-groomed mohawks and hair dye, upon request. Pepe Le Pooche's onsite boarding and daycare facilities are cage-free, meaning dogs have free rein of play areas for most of the day, and hunker down in 1 of 10 large suites at night. Staff members stay on watch around the clock to ensure pets' safety and play classical music to keep them calm. The resort does not have the capacity to board felines, but they are welcome to stay for daycare. The crew also plans all aspects of dog parties, from procuring the cake to hosting a blowout bash complete with party favors.13041 SW 88th St.Miami, FL US
Bnai Brith Youth OrganizationRead MoreFounded in 1972 as a gymnastics club, TWIGS Kids now resides in a sprawling 20,000-square-foot facility staffed by enthused staffers. The gym's name, which stands for True Winners in God's Service, reflects its mission of providing gymnastics, swimming, and cheer activities and instruction for kids ages 3–18 in a Christian environment. Cheer and gymnastics lessons simultaneously bolster students' flexibility, coordination, confidence, and ability to best invisible friends in monkey-bar competitions. Amid the heated waters of Dolphin Cove, teachers and pupils soak their feet while lifting floating barbells and riding noodle floats during swimming lessons. An in-house café welcomes visitors to recharge their empty fuel tanks with refreshing snacks, while a gift shop displays colorful gym attire from designers including GK Elite Sportswear and Melody Leotards.11155 Southwest 112th AvenueMiami, FL US
Pelican Harbor Seabird StationRead MoreIn 1980, Harry and Darlene Kelton moved their houseboat to the Pelican Harbor Marina and discovered an injured brown pelican. Without the aid of animal-care experience, they removed a fishhook from his mouth and rehabilitated him. This led them to form the Pelican Harbor Seabird Station in their shed. With the help of volunteers and trained staff, the seabird station rescues, treats, and rehabilitates sick and injured wildlife, and promotes their preservation with educational programs and research efforts. The center specializes in brown pelicans, most of which are entangled in fishing tackle, but will treat any animal brought in for care. In 2007, they treated 87 bird species and 39 mammals, nonmigratory birds, reptiles, and amphibians.1279 NE 79th St. Cswy.Miami, FL US
The Parks Foundation of Miami-DadeRead MoreMany people flock to the Miami-Dade region for its wildlife and proximity to the ocean, two things that the Parks Foundation of Miami-Dade is determined to preserve. The organization dedicates itself not only to conserving the region's parks but also to helping them thrive through a variety of programs that include field trips and children's sports scholarship funds. The organization even invites residents and civic groups to Adopt-A-Park by contributing to its landscaping, playground equipment, and college fund.275 NW 2nd Street Suite 547Miami, FL US
Sierra Club Foundation - Inner City Outings MiamiRead MoreAs the local outreach arm of the Sierra Club Foundation, Inner City Outings Miami takes youth locked in urban surroundings on excursions into the pristine peace and exciting adventures of a natural environment. Youth aged 8–18 engage in 25–30 day trips every year, which include orienteering, hiking, snorkeling, and canoeing workshops and service projects such as tree planting and beach cleanups. On the trips, young people also learn about natural science, animal ecology, and protecting the environment. Inner City Outings Miami plans trips to locations within a few hours of the city, such as Everglades National Park, the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, and the Koreshan State Historic Site.315 Northwest 19th StreetMiami, FL US


text:
You are a fan of eric redemption ? Come to discover the best forums eric redemption on the internet and share your experience with a community fan of eric redemption . You can also build a forum eric redemption and create your online discussion.
Free forum : UK Joss Stone Forum
free, forum, ukjossstoneforum, joss, stone, princess, soul, music, solomon, burke, singer, devon, ellison, kendrick, antonia, jenae, #eric, kenya, baker, jeffery, watkins, james, brown


text:
Level :Bachelors | Stream :Arts | Subject :Vocational Studies
Level :Bachelors | Stream :Arts | Subject :Functional English
"what should be minimum qualification"
28 Jul 2011 05:36 PM in Vocational:Vocational Colleges
"i need syllabus of ma in English previous of 2010-2011"
19 Mar 2011 11:00 PM in Sciences:Science Colleges
"how can i get the syllabus of english (hons) B.A. 1st year of b.u.??"
15 Jul 2013 09:28 AM in Sciences:Science Colleges
"Need to know syllabus and eligibility for hospital management with fee structue and scholarship details."
"i wan to know how shud i register for IELT exam"
13 Jan 2010 10:26 AM in UK:Application Procedure
IGlobal University Offers Academic Merit Scholarship - Scholarship Notification : May 30, 2014 - May 31, 2015
"Type Of Award:- Scholarships Application Deadline:- Rolling Awarding Institute / Body: IGlobal UniversityIGlobal University Synopsis: IGlobal University invites applications for Academic..."
"Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi,invites the eligible applicants for a written test, and on the basis of their performance in the test, they will be called for an interview, an ex-tempore..."
"Delhi University Medical/Dental Entrance Test is conducted every year for admission into MBBS and BDS courses in Medical/Dental colleges under Delhi University. The candidates must have studied 11th and..."
Exam Date :May 22, 2013
"The Graduate Australian Medical School Admissions Test (GAMSAT) is designed to assess the capacity to undertake high level intellectual studies in a demanding course. The test is offered once a year only.The..."
Form Submission deadline :February 3, 2009 | Exam Date :March 21, 2009 | Result Date :May 15, 2009
"IELTS(International English Language Testing System) tests the ability of the applicant to communicate in English. IELTS results are used by organisations to assess language skills of a candidate who wants..."
Exam Date :September 26, 2009
Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University - Nagpur
Welingkar Institute Of Management - Mumbai
Welingkar Is The B School To Be In.
"I like Welingkar Institute is because they've taught me how to deal with a lot through their courses that has helped me to understand my business. With the class projects that were given (where..." - 10 Jan 2013
Magnus School Of Business - Hyderabad
Worst Institute
"Magnus School of Business - Nagpur closed down,..had problem Magnus School of Business, Pune on the verge of closing, There are no site visits, no guest lectures, students utterly demoralised, no more..." - 26 May 2010
"Management Consultants are highly qualified and specialized professionals who are, in lay man's words, responsible for fixing the problems of any enterprise, business or organization. These are clients..."
"Dance is a refined performing art. It is the merger of movements of the body with expressions emoted through the countenance, and by following the rhythm. Dancing is a soulful experience that creates a..."
Universities of Norway emphasis on research-based education. They do research on numerous fields and...
High school is the most memorable period of one's life. Whatever we are today, is hugely determined by...
Australia is the best place for education whether you study at a university, school, vocational or...
The British Council will organise a high-school debate, Debating Matters India, for schools in the Northeast,...
THE Indira Gandhi National Open University's (Ignou) School of Computer and Information Sciences...
The verdict is unanimous: It's difficult to survive without English in modern times. After all,...
© 2014 StudyNation.com | ccentium


text:
Kiltale trainer Ger Lyons was smiling in Dubai yesterday evening when Lily's Angel made a winning debut on her first start at Meydan.
Lily's Angel, owned by Clodagh Mitchell who lives near Trim, was winning for the fourth time in-a-row after winning twice at Dundalk and also at Leopardstown in 2012.
Gary Carroll, a grandson of the late Frankie Carroll from Kildalkey, partnered Lily's Angel to success in the Longines Saint Imier Handicap.
A delighted trainer tweeted this morning:
Gd morn from Meydan,gr8 win last night for LA & she is very bright & well this morn.We have 4 at Dundalk later & M Mark has best chance. HGD
Purchase a digital edition gift subscription for 1 YEAR for those overseas. Local news on the move and accessible on all platforms; desktop, tablet and smartphones


text:
We sat at the bar and had an enjoyable experience sharing the many delicious dishes on the menu. One of our favorites was the fried rice -- but everything was great! Olga, our server and bartender, was terrific and made sure we were well taken care of. The atmosphere was fun, the food was fresh... read more
Recent Searches
You have no recent hotel searches.


text:
- Member since Feb 16, 2004
- Steamboat Springs , Colorado
- 4 Followers
- 0 Trailforks Points
Added 3 photos to V10
Nov 17, 2015 at 16:34Nov 17, 2015
Nov 17, 2015 at 16:32Nov 17, 2015
Santa Cruz V10 cc Double Barrel coil$2000 USD
2014 Santa Cruz V10 medium frame with Cane Creek double barrel coil rear shock, Cane Creek 110 headset and Thomson elite post included. Shipping in the USA included. Also available with a fox 40 or as a complete bike. Excellent condition minor wear and tear with small paint chips.
jkbike mikekazimer's article
Mar 12, 2015 at 18:10Mar 12, 2015
FOX Announces 2016 FLOAT 34 for 27.5+
Thanks for not making it a 20 x 110 hub that would have been stupid. Nobody has those laying around from when we all had to change to 15. Coming next week .... Fox announces all new 2034 lineup!
jkbike pinkbikeaudience's article
Feb 24, 2015 at 18:49Feb 24, 2015
Ask Pinkbike: South American Dream Destination, Reluctant BoXXer Fork, Bushing Kit for Coil Shock and Mallet Rebuild Advice
I have also seen that way overused oil can limit travel even I he oil level is correct. Try just doing a simple oil change in the damper.
Feb 8, 2015 at 8:52Feb 8, 2015
Chris King ISO 20mm 150mm$400 USD
Great Condition Chris King ISO hubs Black 32 hole 20mm front 150 x 12 mm rear flawless inside with some slight pitting on the rear hub shell from our sandy soil They have been collecting dust for the past year so time to go. Thanks SHIPPING INCLUDED in the US
Feb 2, 2015 at 16:22Feb 2, 2015
Rocky Mountain Altitude 770 MSL Medium$3400 USD
Here is my Rocky Mountain Altitude 770 MSL Medium. Great condition through out. Mostly still stock with upgraded XTR brakes and Race Face Atlas handlebar. Just had a complete overhaul professionally done. Some normal scuffs on the crank and seat stays. New parts include Brand New Specialized Butcher and Slaughter tires Brand New brake pads never ridden Original wheels that have never been ridden Original saddle never ridden Brand New grips New cable and housing for shifting and CTD remote As pictured 28.2 lbs Setup 1 x 10 with Race Face 30t ring. Price includes front derailleur, both 2 by rings (36 and 24) and front shifter. As well as extra spokes, extra derailleur hanger and fresh Reverb bleed kit. GROUND SHIPPING INCLUDED in the US. Please msg me with questions.
Aug 28, 2014 at 14:17Aug 28, 2014
FOX DHX RC4 Brand New$350 USD
Brand New Never used Fox RC4 with 450lb coil. Came off of my V10 frame before build up. Kashima Coating. Shipping included in USA 9.5" X 3"
Aug 28, 2014 at 14:13Aug 28, 2014
Surly Pugsley Fatbike$995 USD
Surly Pugsley Fatbike for sale. 16" frame size small fits 5'2" to 5'8" Great condition very few summer hours. Only one season on Surly Knard 3.8" 120tpi tires and Surly Rolling Darry 82mm rims. Sram X7 X9 components with BB7 brakes (or can include Juicy Seven brakes)
Oct 15, 2013 at 20:24Oct 15, 2013
Soma Double Cross 50cm$1375 USD
Soma Double Cross 50cm frame. 54.8 cm top tube length Great condition I just don't use it enough. Dura Ace 9spd shifters and front der with XTR rear der and XT 11-32 cassette. Hugi rear hub and surly front hub with Salsa Delgado cross rims 36 h. Avid shorty 4 brakes. Will include specialized borough tire and captain tires as well as the matching Dura Ace rear der.
jkbike lincolnturns's photo
Jul 20, 2013 at 10:46Jul 20, 2013
17,152 views
120 Photos
229 views


text:
Previous Episode | Next Episode
Mac The BlackMac The Black (1992) Episode 73402- Back to the Future Cartoon Episode Guide by Dave Koch
This page has been viewed 29 times this month, and 496 times total.
- Back to the Future Cartoon Episode GuideEpisode GuideTelevisionSeriesCartoon
- Universal Cartoon Studios, Amblin Entertainment, BIG Pictures, Inc., Colossal Pictures
- Animation Studio: Wang Film Productions
- Cartoon Characters: Marty McFly, Doc Emmett L. Brown, Jennifer Parker, Clara Clayton Brown, Jules, Verne, Einstein, Biff Tannen.
- Live-Action Characters: Doc Emmett L. Brown, Bill Nye.
- Voice Actors: David Kaufman, Dan Castellaneta, Mary Steenburgen, Thomas F. Wilson, Joshua Wiener, Troy Davidson, Cathy Cavadini, Danny Mann; Full Voice Cast ...
- Directed By Bob Gale.
- Produced By John Loy, John Ludin, Bob Gale.
- Written By Bob Gale, John Loy, John Ludin.
- First Aired on September 19, 1992.
- Originally Aired on CBS-TV (USA).
- Running Time: 30 minutes.
- Color
Cartoon Summary:
Verne really wants to get an earring but Clara and Doc object. With Marty in tow, Verne steals away to the Caribbean in the 1500's to become a pirate and get an earring. Once there, Marty is mistaken for the infamous pirate, Mac The Black. The story escalates... (more)
Cartoon Video:
Sorry, we do not have a video of Mac The Black. If you have one, or know of one on Youtube, Vimeo or any other site, Let Us Know
Submit Additional Information:
Do you have anything to add to this page? Have we made any mistakes... or do you have any additional information about Mac The Black? If so, we would love to hear from you. Please send us a quick note with your additions or corrections to this page, and we will make the corrections as soon as possible!
Cartoon Comments:
Do you love Mac The Black, or do you think it is the worst cartoon ever? Let us know what you think! Surely you have an opinion... so share what you think. Take a minute and post your own comments about this cartoon here.


text:
After iOS Success, Simple Task Manager Clear Headed To Mac With iCloud Syncing Next Week
Clear, a simple task manager from Realmac software and Impending, has just announced that it will be delivering a Mac version of its client for OS X launching next Thursday for $14.99. The app looks an awful lot like it does on iOS, but offers additional features like the ability to break out different lists in new windows, as well as iCloud syncing with the iOS client. Read More
Pocket's Mac App Brings All That Saved Content To The Best Place To Use It
Pocket (formerly ReadItLater) delivered a new native Mac OS X app today, allowing you to save and access content for later reading from around the web. Pocket's rebrand was all about going beyond just being an article-saving tool and becoming a catch-all scrapbook for anyone's digital life, and the new Mac app is a good complement to that mission. Read More
Skype Gets Retina-Ready, Adds Multi-Window Chat And Live Messenger Support
Skype hit version 6 today, with a rare simultaneous release for both Windows and Mac. This brings a whole bunch of new features to the table, including single sign-on with both Facebook and Microsoft credentials, so that new users don't even have to sign up for Skype itself, Retina display compatibility for Macs, and multi-window chats. Read More
For The Year Ending In June, Apple's Mac Outgrew PC by 7x, Now #1 Desktop And Notebook
As we're waiting for the iPad Mini, Apple is discussing the Mac, which has become the #1 Desktop and Notebook, according to the company. This is huge, because the personal computer industry has been run by Microsoft in the past, but Apple has shown strong growth in the past six years straight. Read More
Put Instagram In Your Mac's Menu Bar With Instabar
I'm a sucker for OS X menu bar applications, and I'm also a big fan of browsing Instagram as a way to break up the day. Now, those two things come together in a single convenient package with Instabar. The Mac app debuted a paid version for $0.99 earlier this week, and today released a free alternative with fewer features. With either, you've got some prime time-wasting… Read More
Tweetbot For Mac Now Available For $19.99: Twitter Client Token Limits To Blame For High Price
Tweetbot for Mac has finally arrived in retail release form, after an extended public alpha and beta testing phase. The native OS X Twitter client from iOS and Mac developer Tapbots is available from the Mac App Store, for the somewhat eyebrow-raising price of $19.99. Is it worth $20? A thousand times yes. But some users may balk at the price – which is exactly what Tapbots is counting on. Read More
Latest MacHeist Bundle Now Available For $29, Over 1.5M Members Should Help It Set Records Again
MacHeist 4's puzzles have been keeping members buzzy this year, but now the curtain gets pulled back and the entire software lineup is revealed. After delivering four missions and four nano-missions, the MacHeist bundle now offers a full 15 apps for the low price of $29, with 25 percent of all proceeds going to charity. The company raised $850,000 with its MacHeist 3 bundle in 2009… Read More
Rumored: Development To Cease For Twitter's Mac Client
Here's a piece of Twitter news that would really make me sad. According to former TechCrunch full-time writer guy, MG Siegler, Twitter will cease to support and develop Twitter for Mac. Read More
Cobook, A Better Address Book For Mac, Now Syncs With Google Contacts
Cobook, a Mac contact management app which offers an improved experience over the default OS X address book (at least, that's a popular opinion), has released an update today which introduces a notable new feature: the ability to sync with Google Contacts. That's a great selling point for this free software application, which previously pulled in contacts from the Mac's… Read More
Skype For Mac Update Brings Improved Contact List, Video Calls & Screen Sharing, But No "Conversation Ads" Just Yet
Skype just announced a new version of its Mac software which brings changes based on user feedback, including the return of the resizable contact list and improvements to video calls and screen sharing features. The news follows yesterday's announcement from the company which said that Windows users on Skype's free service would now see advertisements in the software. However… Read More
New Skype For Mac Update Finally Includes Full Screen Mode, Automatic Updates
I lean on Skype (and Macs) pretty heavily, so when a fairly substantial update for the VOIP/messaging service goes live, my ears tend to perk up. The new Skype 5.6 update has me especially tickled — it's now available for folks of the Mac persuasion, and it thankfully packs a handful of bugfixes as well as a slew of new (and arguably overdue) features. Read More
Retickr Raises $1.5M For A Social News Reader That Learns What You Like
Retickr, a social news reader application for Mac OS X, received a big update today, as well as a new round of funding. The startup just closed its Series A of $1.5 million led by the Lamp Post Group, the investors who had previously put $150,000 into the company's seed round. The app, which combines RSS, social networking updates and news, is not your standard feed reader, but… Read More
Apple's Mac Attack On China
Whenever you see those photos and stories of the crazy crowds at Apple stores in China, they seem to always be about the launch of a new iPhone. But if Apple has its way, soon those masses will be clamoring for something else as well: Mac computers. Apple CEO Tim Cook, speaking earlier this week at the Goldman Sachs conference, noted that China accounted for $13 billion in sales last year for… Read More
Chrome Lion Full Screen Support Is Ready To Go In Canary, Both With Tabs And Without
Following up on our earlier coverage of Google's Chrome browser for OS X Lion, it looks like development is moving along faster than expected. Specifically, swiping gesture support has already been fully implemented (in the right direction now too), and now a proper full screen mode has hit the Canary build of the browser as well. Shortly after Lion's launch a few weeks ago, we… Read More
Apple Destroys Q3 Earnings Estimates With Record Revenues, Profit, iPhone, And iPad Sales
Following Google's stellar earnings last week, Apple has today announced their own earnings for their Q3 period. As expected, they're good. Massively good. Apple set several new records in terms of both revenues and sales. Most notably, Apple's revenue was a staggering $28.57 billion — over $5 billion ahead of their (always low) guidance, and almost $4 billion ahead of… Read More
Skype 5.2 For Mac Has Arrived, Comes With Group Screen Sharing And Video Calls
Right on the heels of releasing Skype 5.5 for Windows, featuring deep Facebook integration, the company has just rolled out a new version of its voice and video calling software solution for Mac. Skype 5.2 for Mac is available now and is much more worth the download than the 5.1 updated version of the beta Mac software released back in November 2010. With the new version, Skype for Mac users… Read More
Google Chrome Canary About To Hit OS X — Chrome 16 Due Before End Of Year
Users of Google Chrome are probably aware of the three channels you can use depending on how cutting edge you want to be (and how much you mind bugs): Dev, Beta, Stable. But ever since last year, there's actually been a fourth channel as well that's less publicized: Canary. Sadly, it has been a Windows-only build until now. But it looks like that's about to change. Given the… Read More
Boxcar Pushes Its Way Onto The Mac
My love of Boxcar should be pretty clear at this point. Because I'm an information junkie, it's probably the app I use the most on my iPhone/iPad besides Safari. And earlier this year, they brought the notification goodness to the web as well. Now they're taking the next step: native Mac support. Yes, Boxcar is here for the Mac. The app resides in your toolbar and when… Read More
Serlet Transition Out Appears As Natural As OS X Transition Towards iOS
Back in October of last year, the day before it was formally unveiled, I wondered if OS X Lion would be the last of its kind. There were two main arguments: the big cat name choice and the colossal rise of iOS. With today's news that OS X father Bertrand Serlet is leaving Apple after 14 years (and 22 years working with CEO Steve Jobs), the question has come roaring back to life. Apple… Read More
Apple Loses Executive Bertrand Serlet After 22 Years Of Working With Jobs
In a press release issued earlier this morning, Apple has announced that Bertrand Serlet, SVP of Mac Software Engineering, will be leaving the company. Craig Federighi, Apple's VP of Mac Software Engineering and Serlet's long-time protégé, will assume his responsibilities and report directly to chief exec Steve Jobs. Serlet originally joined Apple in 1997 and has played an… Read More


text:
How the Jews in Elephantine, Egypt Celebrated Passover in 419 BCE. DO YOU HAVE TO BURN YOUR HAMETZ? IS WINE CHAMETZ?
The papyrus known as THE PASSOVER LETTER from the Jewish military colony at Elephantine 1 (yeb), ancient Egypt, circa 419 BCE.
According to Dan Adler:
In 1907, a german professor by the name of Eduard Sachau discovered the Passover Papyrus at Elephantine. The papyrus is written in Aramaic using Hebrew letters, and has been scientifically dated back to 419 BCE. This is the oldest archeological document found to date (outside of the Bible) which proves that Jews celebrated Passover during the period which coincides with the Return to Zion of Ezra and Nehemiah (from the Babylonian exile), and provides independent historical evidence that:
- A small Jewish community existed in Egypt (as described in the book of Jeremiah)
- They worshipped a God named Yahu (יהו which is similar to יהוה)
- They considered Judah (the land of Israel) as their religious authority
- They wrote to Judah to ask how to celebrate Passover (maybe they had no Torah scroll, or maybe Torah scrolls didn't exist yet)
- One of the other Elephantine papyri mentions Sanballat who is also mentioned in the Bible
- The Passover Papyrus is the response the Elephantine community received from Judah outlining the Passover rituals
- The timing of Passover in the papyrus and most of the rituals match what we would expect
Here are the contents of the letter:
In the month of Nisan, let there be a Passover for the Judahite garrison. Now accordingly count fourteen days of the month Nisan and keep the Passover, and from the 15th day to the 21st day of Nisan are seven days of Unleavend Bread. Be clean and take heed. Do not work on the 15th day and on the 21st day. ALSO DRINK NO INTOXICANTS; and anything in which there is leaven…
אל אחי
ידניה וכנותה חילא יהודיא אחוכם חנניה שלם אחי אלהיא ישאלו
וכעת שנתא זא שנת \\/\/ דריוהוש מלכא מן מלכא שליחעל ארשם לאמר
בירח ניסן יהוי פסח לחילא יהודיא כעת אנתם כן מנו ארבעתעשר
יומן לירח ניסן ופסחא עבדו ומן יום —||\|\ עד יום \ לניסן
שבעת יומן זי פתירן אנתם דכין הוו ואזדהרוע בירח אל תעבדו
ביום —\\\ \/ וביום / אף שכר אל תשתו וכל מנדעם זט חמיר איתי בה
אל תאכלו מן יום —\\\ \/ מן מערב שמשא עד יום / לניסן שבעת
יומן אל יתחזי בכם אל תהנעלו בתוניכם וחתמו בין יומיא אלה
כן יתעבד כזי אמר דריוהוש מלכא
אל אחי ידניה וכנותה חילא יהודיא אחוכם חנני
Translation and transliteration from here:
|To my brothers,
|Yedaniah and his colleagues of the Judahite garrison, (from) your brother Hananiah. May the gods seek the welfare of my brothers.
|WKcT ŠNT' Z' ŠNT \\/\/ DRYWHWŠ MLK' MN MLK' ŠLYH cL 'RŠM L'MR
|Now this year, the 5th year of King Darius, word was sent from the king to Arsames, saying:
|BYRH NYSN YHWY PSH LHYL' YHWDY' KcT 'NTM KN MNW 'RBcT c ŠR
|In the month of Nisan, let there be a Passover for the Judahite garrison. Now accordingly count fourteen
|YWMN LYRH NYSN WPSH' c BDW WMN YWM —||\|\ cD YWM ¶\ LNYSN
|days of the month Nisan and keep the Passover, and from the 15th day to the 21st day of Nisan
|ŠBcT YWMN ZY PTYRN 'NTM DKYN HWW W'ZDHRW cBYRH 'LTcBDW
|are seven days of Unleavend Bread. Be clean and take heed. Do not work
|BYWM —\\\ \/ WBYWM ¶ / 'P ŠKR 'L TŠTW WKL MNDcM ZYHMYR 'YTY BH
|on the 15th day and on the 21st day. Also, drink no intoxicants; and anything in which there is leaven,
|'LT'KLW MN YWM —\\\ \/ MN Mc RB ŠMŠ' cD YWM ¶/ LNYSN ŠBcT
|do not eat, from the 15th day from sunset until the 21st day of Nisan, seven
|YWMN 'L YTHZY BKM 'L THNcLW BTWNYKM WHTMW BYN YWMY' 'LH
|days, let it not be seen among you; do not bring it into your houses, but seal it up during those days.
|KN YTcBD KZY 'MR DRYWHWŠ MLK'
|Let this be done as King Darius commanded.
Transliteration of special characters
|To my brethren, Yedaniah and his colleagues of the Judahite garrison, (from) your brother Hananiah.
Some contemporary Karaites (like Hakham Avraham Qanai) maintain that this is clear proof " documentary evidence that at the time of the last Nevi'im that alcoholic wine (שכר) 'was considered Hames (חמיר in Aramaic)." He also adds: "This puts to rest the argument that the Karaite prohibition on alcoholic wine during Hagh HaMassot was an invention of the Middle Ages" (although in a different place Qanai maintains that: "The word Shekhar refers to all types of intoxicating beverages. Wine can also be Shekhar, but, since the commandment already mentioned wine and forbids the consumption of Shekhar as well as wine, it is obviously referring to other types of Shekhar. Also since it list wine vinegar separately from Shekhar vinegar, the reference to Shekhar is obviously not to wine. The word Shekhar is found in other Semitic languages as well and almost always refers to other intoxicating beverages. In Jewish Aramaic Shkikra means intoxicating drink; in Imperial Aramaic it means beer, ale, mead; in Akkadian it is beer, fermented alcoholic beverage; in Syriac it is intoxicating drink, as also in Christian Palestininan Aramaic; in Mandæan it is intoxicating drink; in Arabic Sakar [سكر] intoxicating drink, wine, which developed into the loan-word in Greek σικερα [Síkera] meaning intoxicating drink, beer, which would have been made primarily from barley in contrast to Sove' [סבא] which is beer made from wheat".
Some have also theorized that the custom of taking four cups of wine was instituted with the Sadducees (the alleged spiritual forbears of the Karaites) in mind. In Rabbinic parlance: להוציא מלבן של צדוקים
Scholars are of different opinions as to what exactly -s-k-r שכר refers to. Some contend that it refers only to alcoholic wine, others contend that all intoxicating beverages fall under this category. Today most Karaite Jews 2 refrain from consuming wine on Passover because they consider it as falling under the prohibition against fermented foods.
The second interesting aspect about this remarkable document is the attitude towards keeping hametz. Out of sight and out of mind (In keeping with the Biblical injunction of 'it shall neither be seen nor found') seemed to have been the order of the day. Neither burning nor selling is mentioned:
"let it not be seen among you; do not bring it into your houses, but seal it up during those days."
Qanai maintains: the Aramaic word HTM does not only mean "seal" but also "cut off"/"end". The Torah command WeLo' Yera'eh Lekha Hames WeLo' Yera'eh Kekh Se'or BeKhol Gevulekha, i.e., anywhere within the boundaries of the land of Israel, whether in your house or outside of it. The term Lo Yera'eh Lekha does not mean just "it shall not be seen" but "it shall not be found"/"it shall not be present" with you. See Shemot 34:3.
According to his understanding giving away your hamess to a gentile can only work outside the Land of Israel but not in the land since the verse says "in all your boundaries".
However, others understand it to have meant that it is simply an injunction to keep them completely out of sight. The Papyrus seems to support the latter understanding of the verse, i.e. get the hamess out of your houses and seal them away somewhere so they won't be seen for the duration of the holiday.
1. For more on the Elephantine Colony see here. The Hebrew Wikipedia erroneously attributes the destruction of the Yeb Temple by local Egyptians, due to their abhorrence of animal sacrifices. It cites the verse וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה, לֹא נָכוֹן לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן, כִּי תּוֹעֲבַת מִצְרַיִם, נִזְבַּח לַה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ: הֵן נִזְבַּח אֶת-תּוֹעֲבַת מִצְרַיִם, לְעֵינֵיהֶם–וְלֹא יִסְקְלֻנוּ" (שמות ח' כב) in order to back up that contention. But it is patently wrong because Egyptians did engage in animal sacrifice during and after that period. see here and here and here
Herodotus however writes:
Now all who have a temple set up to the Theban Zeus or who are of the district of Thebes, these, I say, all sacrifice goats and abstain from sheep: for not all the Egyptians equally reverence the same gods, except only Isis and Osiris (who they say is Dionysos), these they all reverence alike: but they who have a temple of Mendes or belong to the Mendesian district, these abstain from goats and sacrifice sheep. Now the men of Thebes and those who after their example abstain from sheep, say that this custom was established among them
2. The Crimean Karaites do consume wine. The relaxation of a prohibition that was apparently uniform among Karaites is claimed (by Hakham Qanai and others) to stem from Hakham Elijah Bashyatzi, a Byzantine Karaite who instituted far-reaching reforms that were very controversial for his time (although nowhere in his magnum opus: Aderet Eliyahu does he explicitly permit the consumption of wine).
Hakham Tobias Babovich was the last of the true Karaite Hakhamim. Born in Crimea to a prominent family of Karaite Hakhamim he was invited to serve the large Karaite community in Cairo until his passing in the 1950s.
In this excursus on the Song of Songs (excerpted from R' Yosef El-Gamil's תולדות היהדות הקראית, חלק ב), Babovich relates the general Karaite consensus- which is unsurprisingly the same as the Rabbanite one; Song of Songs is an allegorical work that portrays the intimate love between God and his people.
In the excerpted footnote he relates a somewhat humorous episode wherein he reminisces about the time he spent among Russian Sabbatarian peasants who had recently converted to Karaite Judaism. The custom among the Karaites is to recite Song of Songs on the seventh day of the holiday of Passover (referred to as שביעי עצרת) Yet the aforementioned community refused to carry out this custom, aghast that a book containing such profane content could be recited in a sacred place. No amount of cajoling could switch their resolve.
I personally experienced something similar several years ago when I attended the Shebi'i Aseret prayers at the Anan Ben David synagogue in the old city of Jerusalem. As we sat down in the traditional manner and began reading Shir Hashirim, I noticed the then caretaker of the synagogue (who was a fairly recent returnee to the faith-of Egyptian Karaite extraction) become increasingly uncomfortable until he could hold back no longer. "I can't read this!" he exclaimed. "Reading about breasts and kisses in the Synagogue?! No!". The others (including a fairly learned member of the community) relented and so it was, that year Song of Songs was not recited in the Jerusalem Karaite Synagogue.
בקהילות אשכנז נקראת מגילת שיר השירים בבתי הכנסת בשבת החלה במהלך שבעת ימי הפסח, בהתאם למנהג הכללי במסורת האשכנזית לקרוא בכל אחת משלוש הרגלים מגילה המתאימה לאווירת החג. תיאורי האביב המופיעים בשיר השירים הם הסיבה לקריאת המגילה בפסח, הוא חג האביב. מאותו טעם נהוג בקהילות אחרות לקרוא את מגילת שיר השירים בשביעי של פסח,
היום האחרון של החג נקרא שביעי של פסח, ועל פי חז"ל הוא נחוג כיום טוב כיון שבאותו יום נקרע ים סוף. מסיבה זו יש שקוראים ביום זה את שירת הים. הקראים קוראים ליום השביעי שביעי עצרת, על פי הפסוק "שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תֹּאכַל מַצּוֹת וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי עֲצֶרֶת לַה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ, לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה מְלָאכָה"
*For more on Tobias Levi-Babovich see the 2 volume biography on him by Yusef El-Gamil here
*On the canonicity of Shir Hashirim, the Rabbis were not one of one mind until the 2nd Century CE. Opinions wereput forth both pro and con famous among them is the proclamation by Rabbi Akiva in defense of the work:
"God forbid! […] For all of eternity in its entirety is not as worthy as the day on which Song of Songs was given to Israel, for all the Writings are holy, but Song of Songs is the Holy of Holies."
~Tractate Yadayim
How Archaeology Illuminates the Parsha; Parashat Mishpatim, The Case of the Poor Man's Cloak
אִם כֶּסֶף תַּלְוֶה אֶת עַמִּי אֶת הֶעָנִי עִמָּךְ לֹא תִהְיֶה לוֹ כְּנֹשֶׁה לֹא תְשִׂימוּן עָלָיו נֶשֶׁךְ. אִם חָבֹל תַּחְבֹּל
שַׂלְמַת רֵעֶךָ עַד בֹּא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ תְּשִׁיבֶנּוּ לוֹ. כו כִּי הִוא כסותה [כְסוּתוֹ] לְבַדָּהּ הִוא שִׂמְלָתוֹ לְעֹרוֹ בַּמֶּה יִשְׁכָּב וְהָיָה כִּי יִצְעַק אֵלַי וְשָׁמַעְתִּי כִּי חַנּוּן אָנִי.
25 "If you lend money to one of my people among you who is needy, do not treat it like a business deal; charge no interest. 26 If you take your neighbor's cloak as a pledge, return it by sunset, 27 because that cloak is the only covering your neighbor has. What else can they sleep in? When they cry out to me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.
Exodus Chapter 22 שְׁמוֹת~
These verses come life in a remarkable ostracon discovered at the remnants of a Judean fortress in Southern Israel (ancient Kingdom of Judah) called Mezad Hashavyahu.
It is dated to the period of Josiah, King of Judah circa 7th c. BCE
It contains a written appeal by a field worker to the fortress's governor regarding the confiscation of his cloak, which the writer considers to have been unjust. The worker makes his appeal to the governor on the basis of both the garment's undeserved confiscation and by implication, the biblical law regarding holding past sundown a person's cloak as collateral for a debt
This is a remarkable find that hasn't been getting the attention that I humbly think it deserves. Aside from actualizing a theoretical situation described in the bible, it also seems to bear the first mention of Sabbath outside of Tanakh! (although that is disputed by some scholars).
The text:
ישמע אדני השר
את דבר עבדה. עבדך
קצר. היה. עבדך. בחצר אסם. ויקצר עבדך
ויכל ואסם כימם. לפני שב
ת כאשר כל {ע}בדך את קצר וא
סם כימם ויבא הושעיהו בן שב
י. ויקח. את בגד עבדך כאשר כלת
את קצרי זה ימם לקח את בגד עבדך
וכל אחי. יענו. לי. הקצרם אתי בחם.
{ה}ש {מש} אחי. יענו. לי אמן נקתי מא
{שם}………בגדי ואמלא. לשר להש
{יב} ……….עב{דך}…..אלו. רח
{מם. והש}בת את {בגד. ע}בדך ולא תדהמ נ
English translation (from Klaas Smelik, Writings from Ancient Israel, Westminster John Knox Press, 1991):
"Let my lord, the governor, hear the word of his servant! Your servant is a reaper. Your servant was in Hazar Asam, and your servant reaped, and he finished, and he has stored (the grain) during these days before the Sabbath. When your servant had finished the harvest, and had stored (the grain) during these days, Hoshavyahu came, the son of Shobi, and he seized the garment of your servant, when I had finished my harvest. It (is already now some) days (since) he took the garment of your servant. And all my companions can bear witness for me – they who reaped with me in the heat of the harvest – yes, my companions can bear witness for me. Amen! I am innocent from guilt. And he stole my garment! It is for the governor to give back the garment of his servant. So grant him mercy in that you return the garment of your servant and do not be displeased."
Scans are from:
אסופת כתובות עבריות, מימי בית-ראשון וראשית ימי בית-שני.
אחיטוב, שמואל
ירושלים : מוסד ביאליק, תשנ"ג-1992
ספרית האנציקלופדיה המקראית
George Fischer writing in Brill:
The Rechabites (Heb. רֵכָבִים/rekābîm) are mentioned only in Jer 35. They traced their descent to Jehonadab, son of Rechab (2 Kgs 10:15, 23), who played a supporting role in Jehu's revolt (9th cent. bce). The etymology of the name is unexplained.
The Rechabites' lifestyle was unusual: they drank no wine and built no houses, living only in tents; they never sowed seeds or planted vineyards. They ascribed these restrictions to the command of Jehonadab ( Jer 35:6f.), which they followed faithfully. God contrasted them in their absolute obedience to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem, who refused to listen to him and obey (vv. 13–17), and gave them a promise that they would stand before him for all time modeled on Jer 33:17f. The incident with Jeremiah, whom God had commanded to attempt to seduce them into drinking wine (for the motif of testing by God, Gen 22:1; Exod 15:25; etc.) is dated in the reign of Jehoiakim, around 600 bce (v. 11, based on 2 Kgs 24:1–2), but it could possibly reflect the formation of the book of Jeremiah in the 4th century; the existence of such a group in that period is attested by Jewish sources (W.L. Holladay, Jeremiah, II [Hermeneia, 1989, 246 with n. 5]).
Attempts to identify the Rechabites with other groups like the Nazirites are extremely precarious; G.L. Keown ( Jeremiah 26–52 [WBC 27, 1995, excursus 195f.]) rightly cautions against them and similar speculations. The significance of the Rechabites is that they modeled in their lives the obedient listening expected of the people of Israel.
There is a strange book in the Pseudepigrapha called The Story of Zosimus. Most scholars agree that it's a hodgepodge; a composite work that combined several different works, composed at various different times by various different authors.
One of the works that were used is 'A History of the Rechabites' which Ronit Nikolsky believes to be a product of 5th c. Judean desert monasticism see here
Arguments for and against a Jewish composition of the entirety or parts of The Story of Zosimus are cited by the noted Bible scholar James Davila here and here
Here is an excerpt from the article that caught my attention:
Hegesippus tells us that when James the brother of Jesus was being stoned to death, one of the Rechabites, who are identified as a priestly family to which Jeremiah testified, objected and told the attackers to stop (Eusebius, Hist. eccl . 2.23).
Rekhabites? Priestly?
I have noticed this strange linkage too many times, in too many places, for it to be mere coincidence.
Here are several examples from Jewish sources:
The 11th c. Karaite sage Sahl b. Mazliah Hakohen is referred to as a 'descendant of the rekhabites' in Yisrael Eisenstein's popular Ozar Yisrael see here
The Tanna, Rabi Yose B. Halafta (who was also a Kohen) is described as a descendant of Jonadab b Rekhab in The Jerusalem Talmud, Tractate Taanit:
תלמוד ירושלמי מסכת תענית פרק ד דף סח טור א /ה"ב אמר רבי לוי מגילת יוחסין מצאו בירושלם וכתוב בה .. רבי יוסי בי רבי חלפתא מבני יונדב בן רכב
For the Karaite Sahl, perhaps he styled himself a 'spiritual descendant' of Yehonadab ben Rekhab, who, as we know according to the Biblical account, abstained from wine (and meat?). Sahl offered sharp rebuke to those who drink wine (and eat meat) while the Temple lies in ruins.
The early church fathers heaped praise upon the Rekhabites. They were held up as a perfect model of obedience and monasticism. Is it possible that some medieval Jews shared a similar view to the point where they made rekhabite a byword for righteous?
The early Christian writers had a positive view of the Rechabites and referred to them several more times… the Rechabites are held up as an example by John Chrysostom for not disobeying their father's command (Hom. Acts 5:34) and as people approved by the prophets (Hom. Matt. 12:38-29 4); and Jerome extols the asceticism of the Rechabites in Jov. II.3.15) and calls them "holy men" in Epist. 52.3.
More notable excerpts from Davila's article:
References in these chapters to the Rechabites being commanded to go naked (8:3-5; 9:9) are probably secondary insertions, since nudity was frowned upon in ancient Judaism, the nudity of the Blessed Ones is mentioned elsewhere in the work, and some passages in 8-10 which should mention the nudity do not (9:8; 10:2).
Perhaps the nudity is a reference to their pure innocent state a la Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden.
The Biblical Jonadab ben Rekhab does not seem to have been a Jew in the proper sense of the term.
From Chronicles, it seems that they were Kenites (and indeed in Aggadic sources they are referred to as descendants of Jethro):
וּמִשְׁפְּחוֹת סֹפְרִים ישבו (יֹשְׁבֵי) יַעְבֵּץ, תִּרְעָתִים שִׁמְעָתִים שׂוּכָתִים; הֵמָּה הַקִּינִים הַבָּאִים, מֵחַמַּת אֲבִי בֵית-רֵכָב
דברי הימים א ב כ"ב
According to the Sifri, the Children of Yitro (which may or may not include the Rechabites) settled in the fat portions of the city of Jericho. When Joshua b Nun apportioned the land, he granted it to the tribe of Binyamin.
Could the Cohanic connection be a result of a phonetic confusion between kenite and cohanite?
Or perhaps they married into the families of prominent cohanim and in so doing became intertwined with them?
The Mishna in Taanit 4, 5 lists the Sons of Rekhab as one of the prominent families who had a designated day to collect firewood:
ד,ה זמן עצי הכוהנים והעם, תשע: באחד בניסן, בני ארח בן יהודה; בעשרים בתמוז, בני דויד בן יהודה; בחמישה באב, בני פרעוש בן יהודה; בשבעה בו, בני יונדב בן רכב; בעשרה בו, בני סנאה בן בנימין; בחמישה עשר בו, בני זתואל בן יהודה–ועימהם הכוהנים והלויים, וכל מי שטעה שבטו, ובני גונבי עלי, ובני קוצעי קציעות; בעשרים בו, בני פחת מואב בן יהודה; בעשרים באלול, בני עדין בן יהודה; באחד בטבת, שבו בני פרעוש שנייה. באחד בטבת, לא היה בו מעמד, שהיה בו הלל, וקרבן מוסף וקרבן עצים.
We have learned in Seder Eliyahu Rabbah (Chapter 28, ed. Friedman, p. 149):
Once Rabbi Zadok (late 1st c.) entered the Temple and saw it destroyed. He said: My father who is in heaven, You destroyed Your city and burned Your Temple and yet you sat by tranquilly and remained silent…on another occasion, Rabbi Natan (early 2nd c.) entered the Temple and found the Temple destroyed but for one wall still standing.
Tosefta Berakhot (6:2, ed. Lieberman, p. 33 and parallels):
Ben Zoma (early 2nd c.), when he saw a large mass of Jews on the Temple Mount, used to say: Blessed is He who created all the people to serve me…."
Yerushalmi (Pesahim 7:11, ed. Venice 35b):
Said R Yohanan ben Maryah (4th c. Israel) in the name of R Pinhas : From the fact that we see the sages removing their sandals under the portals of the wall (surrounding the) Temple Mount, we can drive that under the portal was not sanctified.
R Pinhas is saying that since the sages took off their sandals under the portal according to the law that it is forbidden to enter the Mount wearing shoes (Berakhot 9:5), the portal is therefore not part of the Temple Mount. From here we can deduce that the sages of that period did indeed enter the Temple Mount on a regular basis.
The Christian Pilgrim of Bordeaux, who was in Jerusalem around the year 333 CE, relates that the Jews used to come to the Temple Mount every year on the Ninth of Av in order to recite lamentations over the Temple ruins and to rend their garments. He adds that next to two monuments of Hadrian there was a perforated stone upon which the Jews used to pour oil 1].
The Muslim Conquest of Palestine
At the time of the Muslim conquest of the Levant, a large Jewish population still lived in Palestine (see for instance the question posed in JT Demai 22c on whether most of Eretz Yisrael is in the hands of the gentiles or whether the greater part is in the hands of Israel). We do not know whether they formed a majority but we may assume with some certainty that they did so when grouped with the Samaritans. Significant Jewish population in places like Acre, Haifa, Sephoris and Eilat (Ayla) are attested to directly and indirectly by Christian and Muslim sources such as Procopius and the anonymous tract "The Didaskalia of Jacob, the Recently Baptized" (On Sephorris, there is the famous statement that Muhammed is said to have made to Uqba b. Ali, a descendant of Umaya: "You are a Jew from the Jews of Sephoris").
In the biography of the monk-soldier Bar Sawma who was active in the area in the 5th c., it is told that the Jews and Samaritans virtually governed the land and they persecuted the Christians. Bar Sawma led a campaign against this Jewish-Samaritan front, presumably with the assistance of a Byzantine army. The Jewish-Samaritan forces were said to have consisted of 15,000 armed men. The Jews were defeated and Bar Sawma describes the ensuing destruction on the Jewish towns and villages. On one Synagogue in the city of Reqem of Gaya (Petra) he remarks "it could bear comparison only to Solomon's Temple".
In about the year 425, the Jews of the Galilee and its surroundings applied to the empress Eudocia to permit them to pray on the ruins of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, as they had forbidden to do so since Constantine. The empress relented. The author of the aforementioned biography cites a letter purportedly written by the Jews of Galilee to the Jewish communities in Rome and Persia:
To the great and elevated nation of the Jews, from the Priest and Head of Galilee, many greetings. Ye shall know that the time of the dispersion of our people is at an end, and from now onwards the say of our congregation and salvation has come, for the Roman kings have written a decree to hand over our city of Jerusalem to us. Therefore come quickly to Jerusalem for the coming holiday of Sukkot, for our kingdom is established in Jerusalem.
And indeed 103,000 Jews came and gathered in Jerusalem but they were struck by calamity where –in the biographer's version 'big stones rained from the sky' whereas the Jews complained to the empress that they were attacked by hostile monks.
Some historians have understandably cast doubt on the version of events cited there. Some have cast serious doubt on the stories relating to the Jews since he lived a century after the events described. Moshe Gil retorts that "this is a facile way of dismissing ancient sources. We must not disregard or refute their contents even if they appear legendary in character, they still retain a germ of historical truth" 2].
There were no less then four Samaritan revolts against Byzantine rule from the year 484 to 555.
The period preceding the Arab conquest was undoubtedly a period of decline and internal disintegration of the Byzantine Empire. After a series of assassinations and wars with Persians and Longobards, a new Emperor gained the throne of Byzantium in 610, Heraclius. But the longed for peace would be short-lived as the Persians renewed their campaign against the Empire. In this the Persians were aided in no small part by their Jews as well as the Jews they encountered along the way. Jews fought in the Persian army and according to one contemporary chronicle, they were so influential as to gain exemption from fighting on the Sabbath.
The Jews, both the locals and the ones who joined the Persians in the conquest of Jerusalem in 614 CE, did not treat the city's Christians with magnanimity. According to Christian accounts Jews destroyed churches and put to death Christians who would not convert to Judaism. One of the more famous Jewish personages of that time and place was a certain wealthy Jews named Benjamin of Tiberias. The Jews exulted at the liberation of the city from Byzantine hands. A trove of artifacts were recently discovered dating back from that period. A verse from Isaiah was found scrawled on a stone on the mount. Jews cautiously celebrated their victory and as mentioned may have resumed Temple sacrifices for the first time since the Bar Kokhba revolt– but alas it was to be short-lived.
Heraclius eventually regrouped, forming powerful alliances with the sworn enemies of the Persians (such as the Khazars). A bloody battle ensued. It lasted from 622 to 628 with Byzantium once again in control of the Holy Land.
Revenge was swift and bloody. Heraclius's edict of apostasy resulted in a wave of conversions and martyrdom (the Samaritan Chronicle The Tolida- a Samaritan Chronicle records a great number of people crucified among the Samaritans as well). Interestingly enough, Heraclius' persecution of the Jews is still commemorated to this day by the Coptic Church which holds an official fast day of the carnival (that is the great fast before Easter). It is intended to beg God's pardon for the Emperor Heraclius for having permitted the slaughter of the Jews in 628.
But the Byzantine sun was setting as the crescent was ascending from the south.
It is erroneous to think that the natives of the levant in particular welcomed the Arabs with open arms as kindred brothers. Gil takes pains to point out that arguments as to racial affinity are exaggerated at best: "there are some among contemporary arab savants (although fanciful tales which clearly attempt to respresent this sentiment appear early, see for instance Baladhuri who relates that the Jews of Homs swore an oath on the Torah scrolls that they would not let Heraclius back into the city and pledged their loyalty to the Muslim forces) who see an ethnic motivation behind the conquests. They see Arabs everywhere…the Cannanites and Phillistines are Arabs according to their theories. This applies to an even greater degree to the population of Syria and Palestine in the seventh century, who were certainly Semites. Thus, according to their claims, the conquering Arab forces, in the course of their battles, actually encountered their own people or at least members of their own race who spoke the same language (see for instance Hitti, History, 143). This is of couse a very distorted view: Semitism is not a race and relates to the sphere of language. The populations in the cities and countryside along the route of battle were not arabs and neither did they speak Arabic. We do know of Bedouin tribes who inhabited the southern desert of Palestine, west of the Eurphrates in the Syrian desert, Palmyra and elsewhere, But the cultivated inner regions were inhabited by Jews and Christians who spoke Aramaic. They did not sense any special ties to the Beduin; of anything the opposite was true. The proximity and danger of an invasion from that quarter disturbed their peace of mind and this is amply reflected both in the writings of the Church Fathers and in Talmudic sources (on early Rabbinic attitudes towards Arabs, see BT Kettubot 66b and 72b; Taaniot ii 69b and Lamentations Rabba [Buber]108).
The first incursion commenced in 629. While in Arabia Muhammed often pursued a brutal policy of dispossession and wholesale slaughter against the 'non-believers' he quickly learned that it would do him well to adopt a wiser policy. He made treaties with towns in the south of Palestine. His treaty with the people of Maqna (a town near Eilat) explicitly references the Jews:
To the sons of Hanina, who are Jews of Maqna…your security is ensured and you are granted God's protection and that of his messenger..no one will do you injustice and harm.. you will owe a quarter of your date harvest and quarter of your fishing yield..if you will listen and obey, the messenger of God will respect the honorable amongst you…there will be no chief over you other than one of you or one of the messengers of God's people. And peace.
At Mohammed's death in June of 632, the campaign as continued by Abu Bakr and the leader of the forces Usama b Zayd.
In 638, the city of Jerusalem fell. The commander of the armies was the Caliph Umar Ibn Al Khattab who ascended to the throne four years earlier.
On who stood at the helm of the Muslim forces and why it may not have been Umar after all but rather an underling. Professor Moshe Sharon of Hebrew University writes in his work The Shape of the Holy:
Islamic tradition ascribes the conquest of Jerusalem to a number of glorified Muslim rulers, but in all likelihood this to be a fabrication, saying Jerusalem capitulated to a minor commander out of choice rather than necessity.
The tradition about its conquest was shaped at least a century after the event took place and it was no longer possible for the first association of Islam with Jerusalem to remain mundane.
On Jewish ascription of the fall of Jerusalem to a mighty ruler, see BT gittin 56b
In Tabari, Umar is said to have granted the residents of Jerusalem (who were all Christians) a writ of protection which included the proviso continuing the ban on Jewish residence in Jerusalem. Goiten casts doubt on the veracity of that covenant (as we shall soon see).
Ibn Asaqir quotes a strange version from Waqidi, according to which an agreement was made with the Jews who were in Jerusalem, 20 in number, and their leader being Joseph bin Nun (?). The number 20 is interesting as it figures later with the number of Jews assigned for work on the Temple Mount. Other sources mention the clause in the treaty concluded between the conquering forces and the Christians, namely that no Jews should be able to reside in the city.
1.] All pre-Arab Rabbinic quotes are reproduced from Rabbi David Golinkin, A Responsum Regarding Entering the Temple Mount in Our Day, CONSERVATIVE JUDAISM, Volume XLVII, Number 3, Spring 1966
2] Moshe Gil, Palestine p. 3
The coin on the right is of special interest and historical value. It was minted during the third and last year of the Jewish revolt against Rome (year 134/135 CE). Lulav holder with 3 Minim and Etrog on his left. Hebrew inscription around – For the Freedom of Jerusalem.
This arrangement follows (unsurprisingly) the opinion of Rabbi Akiva in the Mishna (1.
Also interesting to note, the sort of basket that is meant for holding all the species together. This is still followed by Ashkenazim.
The first coin depicts a palm tree and the legend: Elazar the High Priest. Many scholars identify him with Elazar Hamodai who was, according to the Talmud, an uncle of Bar Kokhba.
What's interesting about this coin is that the writing is in Paleo-Hebrew while R' Elazar championed the superiority of the 'modern' Assyrian script (2.
It seems that Jewish nationalists (this is evident from Maccabean coins as well) actually deemed the older script to be more authentic –and the reintroduction of this script, at such a late date, may have been part of a nationalist revival on the part of Bar Kokhba.
The fragment is part of a letter written by Bar Kokhba to a district commander requesting the immediate delivery of four species to supply his troops for the upcoming Sukkot holiday.
This is the text of the letter:
ליהודה בר מנשה לקרית ערביה. שלחת לך תרי חמרין די תשלח עמהן תרי גברין לות יהונתן בר בעין ולות מסבלה די יעמרן, וישלחן למחניה לותך ללבין ואתרגין. ואת שלח אחרנין מלותך וימטון לך הדסין וערבין. ותקן יתהן ושלח יתהן למחניה בדיל די אכלסה סגי. הוא שלם.
וזה תרגומה העברי:
שורה א: ליהודה בר מנשה מקריית ערביה. שלחתי לך שני חמורים כדי שתשלח
שורה ב: עמהם שני אנשים אצל יהונתן בן בעיה ואצל מסבלה כדי שיעמיסו
שורה ג: וישלחו למחנה אצלך לולבים ואתרוגים. ואתה שלח אחרים מאצלך
שורה ד: ויביאו לך הדסים וערבות והתקן אותם ושלח אותם למחנה מפני
שורה ה: שהצבא רב(.) היה שלום
Shimeon to Yehudah bar Menashe in Qiryath 'Arabaya.
I have sent to you two donkeys, and you must send with them two men to Yehonathan, son of Be'ayan and to Masabala, in order that they shall pack and send to the camp, towards you, palm branches and citrons. And you, from your place, send others who will bring you myrtles and willows. See that they are tithed and sent them to the camp. The request is made because the army is big. Be well.
במשנה סוכה פרק ג משנה ד אומר רבי ישמעאל שיש לקחת למצווה זו אתרוג אחד, לולב אחד, שלושה הדסים ושתי ערבות. רבי עקיבא חולק עליו וסובר שמכל מין יש לקחת אחד, אך דעתו של רבי ישמעאל נפסקה להלכה. מטבע עתיק מימי בר כוכבא מראה את ארבעת המינים לפי שיטתו של רבי עקיבא, שכנראה רווחה בזמנו
רבי שמעון בן אלעזר אומר משום רבי אליעזר בן פרטא שאמר משום רבי אלעזר המודעי: כתב זה לא נשתנה כל עיקר, שנאמר )שמות כ"ז( ווי העמודים; מה עמודים לא נשתנו – אף ווים לא נשתנו.
סנהדרין כב א


text:
Garlands, illuminated trees and fairy lights bathe the Christmas market and the romantic market square in a warm, festive glow. Musical accompaniment is provided by trumpeters in historical costume and alpenhorn trios. Beneath the towers of the castle there is an enchanting 'living' Nativity scene in a straw-thatched stable, while a musical shepherd features in the landscaped Nativity scene at St Michael's Church.
Christmas market - opening times:
27 Nov - 29 Dec 2015
04.12.- 06.12.2015
11.12.- 13.12.2015
18.12.- 20.12.2015
Fr - Sa 11am - 9pm
Sun 11am - 8pm
Add your favourites here. Save, sort, share and print your selection and plan your entire trip to Germany.
0 favourites selected
Two useful shortcuts for using the zoom function of your browser:
Zoom in: +
Zoom out: +
For further assistance from your browser provider click the icon:


text:
Main Content:
mens outerwear sale
mens outerwear sale
Plaid Shirt Jacket$250.00 $199.99
Heritage Toggle Baseball Jacket$160.00 $109.99
Heather Blue Zip Jacket$108.00 $54.99
Quilted Four-Pocket Jacket$240.00 $214.99
Plaid Shirt Jacket$250.00 $224.99
Wool-Blend Shirt Jacket$275.00 $244.99
Banana Republic Mens Outerwear Sale
The mens outerwear sale at Banana Republic is full of great values. Discover mens outerwear sale items including blazers, coats, topcoats, jackets, quilted vests and more from this sale collection. Enjoy real savings in our mens outerwear sale and extend your wardrobe. The latest styles are available at the Banana Republic mens outerwear sale.


text:
The Nero d'Avola vinified on its own gives The Rapitala Campo Reale an exciting red color, an aroma of ripe fruit and a typical, deep, balanced flavor. Campo Reale comes from vineyards at the heart of the Tenuta Rapitalà, on gentle hills at 400 meters altitude which, because of their history, terrain and climate, endow wines with a special character.
Browse Wine
By Price
By Country / Region
By Wine Type
By Grape / Variety
*You must be at least 21 years of age to order wine or spirits.
View Mobile Site
Item added to your cart


text: I bought most of my filters for under $5 from the local thrift store and honestly the majority was $1. I probably have 30 different filters to play with in different thread sizes. I figured for a buck i can't go wrong compared to the cost of new filters. However, you are only going to find what was donated to the thrift store if you're going this route.


text:
Holman Jose
Update on Holman JoseHolman is originally from San Lorenzo, a community on the outskirts of Teustepe. He is married, and is the father of two children. He is a tradesman and makes a living in agriculture.
His first loan was a great help to him, and it allowed his crops to grow well, increasing his production. He used his first loan to buy supplies like beans and corn, while at the same time, also paying the workers and buying more animals, like cows. When he is not planting, he makes a living in his grocery store.
He wishes to grow his business with higher-quality products. It is because of this that he is requesting his second loan to invest more in his grocery store in the purchase of general merchandise, like rice, sugar, oil, soap, etc.
With the objective of covering the demand of his customers, he estimates that this new investment will help him since he will be able to maintain his active business. He hopes to count on the support of Kiva in order to continue working in his business. In this way, he will be able to obtain more income and thereby offer a greater quality of life to his family.
El desea hacer crecer su negocio con productos de alta calidad es por eso que hoy en día solicita un segundo préstamo para invertir aun mas en su negocio de pulpería en la compra de mercadería en general como arroz, azúcar, aceite, jabón, etc. Con el objetivo de cubrir la demanda de los clientes, el estima que esta nueva inversión será de ayuda ya que podrá mantener su negocio activo, el espera contar con el apoyo de Kiva para seguir trabajando en su negocio, de esta manera poder obtener mas ingresos y asi ofrecerle un mejor nivel de vida económico a su familia.
Previous Loan DetailsHolman is a humble farmer who lives in the community of San Lorenzo on the outskirts of Teustepe. He is 34 years old and he has two children who are ten and five years old. They both attend a primary school in the community. He got married when he was 22 years old, but he started working when ... More from Holman Jose's previous loan »
Additional Information
Concurrent and Successive Loans
Our Field Partners often work with borrowers over a series of loans as the borrowers build credit, take out bigger loans, and expand their businesses. In order to make it easier for our Field Partners to post loans for borrowers who have been listed on Kiva before, we allow them to post successive and concurrent loans for their Kiva borrowers. This means that our Field Partners are able to post a borrower's second, third, etc., loan on Kiva without having to re-enter all of the borrower's information.
This borrower has been listed on Kiva before, so you'll see an updated loan description, as well as excerpts of the original descriptions from earlier loans. Most borrowers take out loans consecutively, meaning that they receive a second loan after having repaid the first. However, sometimes our Field Partners give out concurrent loans, allowing borrowers to take out one primary loan and a secondary "add-on" loan along with it. These "add-on" loans are typically smaller than the borrower's primary loan and serve a different purpose. Because Field Partners can now post loans as successive and concurrent loans, you will be able to track borrower progress over time and see the various ways a borrower is working with our Field Partners through funds from Kiva's lenders.
About Nicaragua
79View loans »
US Dollars
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 14 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Irregularly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Dec 29, 2012
- Listed
- Jan 3, 2013
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Ended:
- Jan 18, 2014


text:
Press Release Distribution
Filter NewsShow All Results
News By Country
News By TagSbe
sbe Press Releases+ XML/RSS
By Stokes Creative Group, Inc.
Stokes Creative Group, Inc., a certified woman-owned business (WBE/DBE/SBE/WBENC), is proud to announce that the Women Builders Council (WBC) recently presented President Joanne Stokes, and Public Outreach Specialist Qiao Wu with two "Outstanding Women...
By Stokes Creative Group, Inc.
Seasoned Planning Executive Brings Variety of Expertise to Growing Baltimore Marketing Agency
By A&O PR
Art Platform — LA is pleased to announce its strategic partnership with sbe, a creative hospitality company that develops, manages and operates award-winning hotels, restaurants and nightlife, for the second edition of the art fair for Los Angeles.
By Linda Wright, Wright Communications
Heaven and Earth Cleaning Services, LLC recently obtained the Small Business Administration's coveted 8(a) certification for small and disadvantaged businesses.
By John Picone
SCS Engineers and ES Consultants, Inc. Announce Mentor/Protégée Agreement
By serVonic GmbH
serVonic now offers 2 Best Price Packages of the unified messaging solution IXI-UMS SBE Small Business Edition. The summer-special is valid until 15. September 2010.
By RLMR
Roaring Lion energy drink named the exclusive energy drink of Los Angeles based luxury hospitality and development company, SBE. Through the partnership, Roaring Lion will be served in all Company-owned restaurant and nightlife properties...
By Envision Consultants, Ltd.
Envision Consultants, Ltd. is selected by Oracle to be a member of the Oracle® PartnerNetwork with a Value Added Reseller (VAR) status of Primavera project management software solutions throughout the United States and Canada.
Page updated every 10 minutes