text:
Bienvenidos a Colombia: A Renaissance in South America
Program Number:
Start and End Dates:
12/3/2015 - 12/15/2015
1/29/2016 - 2/9/2016
2/12/2016 - 2/23/2016
2/26/2016 - 3/8/2016
3/11/2016 - 3/22/2016
4/1/2016 - 4/12/2016
11/4/2016 - 11/15/2016
12/2/2016 - 12/13/2016
1/27/2017 - 2/7/2017
2/10/2017 - 2/21/2017
2/24/2017 - 3/7/2017
3/10/2017 - 3/21/2017
12 nights
Colombia (South America), Colombia
Price starting at:
$3,118.00 -
Price may vary based on date, departure city
Program Type:
25; 11 Breakfasts, 9 Lunches, 5 Dinners
Meal Options:
Vegetarian; Gluten Free; Low Fat; Low Salt
Experience the many faces of Colombia, a country transformed from a place of turmoil to a thriving modern nation. Journey to the bustling capital of Bogot�, known for its glimmering skyscrapers and world-renowned collection at the Gold Museum. Explore the verdant hills and traditional villages of the coffee region, and discover Medell�n, now one of South America�s most progressive cities. Stroll the cobblestone streets of Cartagena, the home and inspiration of Nobel Prize winner Gabriel Garc�a M�rquez.
� Explore the world-famous Gold Museum and learn about the gold on display, its shamanic significance and how the collection was formed.
� Discover the amazing underground construction and architecture of the Salt Cathedral.
� Learn about Colombian coffee from production on the plantation to the delicious cup sold in the caf�.
Activity Particulars
Walking up to two miles at a time, often on dirt paths, cobblestones or other uneven terrain. Elevations up to 9,000 feet.
Date Specific Information
12-3-2015, 1-29-2016, 2-12-2016, 2-26-2016, 3-11-2016, 4-1-2016, 11-4-2016, 12-2-2016, 1-27-2017, 2-10-2017, 2-24-2017, 3-10-2017
Enjoy the latest in hearing technology � listening devices � on this date.
Itinerary Summary
Arrival Bogot�, 3 nights; flight to Armenia, coach to Salento, 2 nights; coach to Manizales, 1 night; coach to Medell�n, 3 nights; flight to Cartagena, 2 nights; departure.
Flight from the U.S.A., Arrival Bogot�, 3 nights
Enjoy the famous sunset view at Monserrate. Marvel at the largest collection of pre-Columbian gold in the world at the Gold Museum. Examine the amazing feat of engineering; the Salt Cathedral, built underground by salt miners.
Flight to Armenia, Coach to Salento (2 nights), Coach to Manizles (1 night)
Journey through the Colombian countryside en route to Salento. Discover the inner workings of a coffee plantation. Hike to the Quindio River and the Camino Real, a section of the Inca Trail, and enjoy spectacular views of the wax palms and rural Colombia. In route to Manizales, meet the passionate horticulturalist of the largest private collection of orchids in Colombia and examine hundreds of varieties of orchids from all over the world. Meet with the charity foundation Peque�o Coraz�n, who provides services to children who need heart transplants and corrective surgery.
Coach to Medellin, 3 nights
An expert lecture delves into the miraculous transformation of Medell�n from the infamous home of Pablo Escobar�s cartel to one of South America�s safest and most promising cities. Visit the lakes of Guatape.
Fly to Cartagena, 2 nights, Departure
Discover the colonial walled city and fortress of Cartagena, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A literary expert shows you the Cartagena of famed author Gabriel Garc�a M�rquez and brings to life scenes from �Love in the Time of Cholera.�
Colombia (South America)
Named for Christopher Columbus after his discovery of the �New World,� Colombia boasts the second-largest population in South America. It is considered one of the world�s megadiverse countries due to its rich rainforests, dramatic coastlines and tropical grasslands.
Bogot�: Modern hotel in the upscale Zona Rosa. Salento: Hacienda-style modern hotel steps from the picturesque main street. Manizales: Centrally located hotel. Medell�n: Modern hotel in one of Medell�n �s finest neighborhoods. Cartagena: Boutique hotel in the historic walled city.
Meals and Lodgings
Andina Royal
Bogota, Colombia
3 nights
Hotel Salento Real
Salento, Colombia
2 nights
Hotel Europa Manizales
Manizales, Colombia
1 night
Royal Medellin
Medellin, Colombia
3 nights
Bastion Luxury Hotel
Cartagena, Colombia
2 nights
Andina Royal
Expect the best at the Andino Royal Hotel in Bogot�, a destination designed to deliver the ultimate in relaxation to discerning business and holiday travelers. From room and suite accommodations appointed with every luxury amenity to a modern gym, soothing sauna, chrometherapy shower, and massage room and elegant fine dining restaurant, our reputation as one of the premier Bogot� hotels has been built on our unmatched amenities and personalized service. Think of us as your home away from home when visiting Colombia�s vibrant capital.
Contact info:
Calle 85 No 12-28
Bogota, NA Colombia
phone: +5716578787
Room amenities:
�Free Basic Internet �42" LCD TVs with Cable and Remote Control �24-Hour Room Service �Voice Mail �Clock Radios with iPod and iPhone plug in �Hairdryer �Air Conditioning �Minibar �Desktop �Ports for Connecting a Computer �Digital Safety Deposit Box �Water Sprinklers �Smoke Detectors �New Security Locks �24-Hour Room Service
Facility amenities:
�70 Exceptionally Appointed Rooms and Suites �Meeting Room �Gym �Sauna �Massage Room �Chrometherapy Shower �Restaurant, Bar �Parking �Breakfast Buffet �Wi-Fi or cable Internet connection in the room �24-Hour Room Service �Terrace �Business Center
Smoking allowed:
Elevators available:
Additional nights prior:
Contact Road Scholar for rates Pre-nights are available upon request.
Check in time:
Hotel Salento Real
Boutique Hotel
The Salento Real Hotel is a cozy hotel in Salento , right in the Coffee Region of Colombia and 20 minutes from Valle de Cocora. Colonial style, environmentally friendly, and specially designed for couples, families, and groups of friends who want to enjoy nature and tranquility in a warm environment where traditional hospitality of Quindio prevails.
Contact info:
Calle 3 # 4-31
Salento, Quindio, NA Colombia
phone: +57 6 759 3658
Room amenities:
bath amenities, shower bath, free wifi, safe, LED TV 32"
Facility amenities:
Free wi-fi, 24 hour reception, porterage, laundry
Smoking allowed:
Hotel Europa Manizales
Boutique Hotel
The Europa Hotel - Boutique is located in the Centennial Avenue near the bullring in one of the sectors with the highest tradition of the city of Manizales, near the historical center and commercial area of the city. In our hotel every guest is unique and this is precisely why we guarantee an unforgettable stay for both tourists to the executive, thanks to our personalized service, focused on meeting the needs and desires of each of the people staying with we.
Contact info:
Av. Centenario No. 24-79
Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
phone: +3116205604
Facility amenities:
More than a place to sleep, the Europa Hotel - Boutique becomes a space to enjoy a touch of beauty and excellent taste, sure that once you have experienced the care, harmonious spaces the latest trends in design, decor and comfort of our cozy rooms, always want to return to enjoy another stay at our hotel. We have 27 rooms completely refurbished in 2010 and meticulously planned to provide relaxation and rest to each of our customers relying on Wi-Fi, service national and international modern plasma TV 32 ", Minibar, local, business center, laundry service.
Smoking allowed:
Royal Medellin
A stay at the Medell�n Royal Hotel is truly something special. Perfectly located in the exclusive El Poblado district of Medell�n, Colombia, just steps from the Centro de Negocios Edificio Forum, the Santa Fe and Oviedo Shopping commercial centers and the Hard Rock Caf�, this elegant hotel has been consistently recognized as one of the top hotels in Medell�n by Tripadvisor.com. Modern and innovative, with a gracious staff dedicated to making you feel at home, we surpass the expectations of discerning business and holiday travelers with exceptionally appointed accommodations, superb regional cuisine in our restaurant and impressive venues and services for meetings and special events. To unwind after a day of meetings or sightseeing, our terrace pool, gym and spa offer a true urban oasis. Enjoy the contemporary style of the Medell�n Royal Hotel while relaxing in beautiful rooms and suites overlooking the city. Surrounded by notable attractions, fascinating cultural destinations, fashionable shopping and thriving nightlife, our hotel is the perfect choice for exploring the many splendors of Medell�n, Colombia.
Contact info:
Carrera 42
Medellin, Antioquia, NA Colombia
phone: +57 1 657-8787
Room amenities:
Amenities �Cable TV �City View �Mini Bar �Turndown Service �120 AC �Outlet Adapters �Air Conditioned �Alarm Clock �Bathroom Telephone �Cordless Telephone �Cribs Available �Hairdryer In Room �International Direct Dial �Free Newspaper �Pool View �Radio �Refrigerator �Sitting Area �Smoke Detectors �Telephone �Temperature Control �Toilet �TV �TV Remote Control �WC
Facility amenities:
�Boardroom �Gym �Spa (Available Monday � Saturday. Closed Sundays) �Pool and Jacuzzi �Restaurant and Bar �Parking �Buffet Breakfast �Complimentary Wi-Fi Internet �24-Hour Room Service �Business Center �Terrace
Smoking allowed:
Elevators available:
Bastion Luxury Hotel
Basti�n Luxury Hotel has an outdoor pool and a fitness center. Complimentary wireless and wired high-speed Internet access is available in public areas. This luxury hotel offers a restaurant and a bar/lounge. A complimentary breakfast is available. The staff can provide concierge services and wedding services. Additional amenities include a rooftop terrace, a terrace, and dry cleaning/laundry services. For a surcharge, guests have access to a roundtrip airport shuttle (available 24 hours). This is a smoke-free property.
Contact info:
Calle del Sargento No 6-87
Cartagena, NA 130001 Colombia
phone: +57 5 642-4100
Room amenities:
The 51 air-conditioned guestrooms at Basti�n Luxury Hotel include minibars and safes. Guests can use the in-room complimentary wireless high-speed Internet access. 40-inch LED TVs are equipped with cable channels. Bathrooms offer showers with rainfall showerheads, hair dryers, and complimentary toiletries. Additional amenities include ceiling fans and blackout drapes/curtains. Turndown service is offered nightly and housekeeping is available daily.
Smoking allowed:
Additional nights after:
Contact Road Scholar for rates Post-nights available upon request.
Travel Details
Start of Program:
Program Starts with an overnight at the hotel in Bogot�. Program orientation is the following morning after breakfast. You will be staying at Andina Royal Hotel that night. You will be staying at
Andina Royal
that night.
End of Program:
Program ends with breakfast at the hotel in Cartagena. You will be staying at Hotel Bastion the night before. You will be staying at
Bastion Luxury Hotel
the night before.
Required documents:
The Participant Information Form is required. A passport with 6 months of validity is required for US and Canadian passport holders. Others must inquire with Colombian Authorities in their country of citizenship.
Parking availability:
Not Applicable
(For Independent Travelers)
To Start of Program
Nearest airport:
Transportation to site:
The airport is located eight miles (13km) northwest of the center of Bogota. Travelling time is from the airport to the hotel is about 35 minutes. Public buses serve the airport but are not recommended for visitors. Taxi booths are located in the terminals where passengers should book taxis and receive a receipt for the fare, agreed in advance. It varies depending on the time of arrival and whether or not luggage assistance is offered. You can book your airport transfer in advance through Go Airport Taxi. http://www.goairporttaxi.co/en/rates/ Please note this is a third party service that's not affiliated with Road Scholar.
From End of Program
Nearest airport:
Transportation from site:
The hotel is 1.74 MI from the airport, and different transfer options are available. Please check with the hotel Concierge, and they will gladly assist you with your transfer.
Elevation Note:
Bogot� is located at 8,612 ft., Manizales at 7,054 ft. and Medell�n is located at 4,905 ft.
The prices listed for commercial services and facilities that are not included in the program cost, such as airport shuttles or extra nights lodging, are subject to change without notice. Since Road Scholar cannot guarantee the accuracy of these prices, we strongly suggest contacting the companies directly for the most up-to-date information.
Daily Schedule
Day 1:
US Departures / Arrival in Bogot�, Colombia
(Thursday, December 3)
Arrive To:
Evening arrivals at Bogot� Airport. Private transfers from the airport to the hotel.
At leisure.
Andina Royal
Day 2:
Introduction to Bogota, The Gold Museum and Sunset at Monserrate
(Friday, December 4)
Bogota's altitude is over 8,000 feet. Walks will be short distances and at a leisurely pace. Walking and standing in the Gold Museum, with some stairs. Access to Montserrate by funicular. Montserrate is situated at 9,800 feet of elevation and walking is limited to short distances.
Buffet breakfast at the hotel
8:30AM: Meet your Study Leader and fellow travelers for a welcome and orientation to the program. Introductions, currency and other housekeeping issues will be discussed. Following orientation, depart by motorcoach for a full day exploration of Bogota. Begin at Mercado Plaza, the open air produce market. Learn about the many varieties of fruits and vegetables that will be featured in your meals in Colombia. Enjoy a walking tour of Bogota's Plaza Bolivar, the city's main square and home of Colombia's Congress, the Palace of Justice, and the Cathedral Primada. Your group leader will talk about the historic sites surrounding this beautiful old square.
In the Gold Museum.
Field Trip "Pre-Colombian Riches at the Gold Museum": Be awed by the impressive collection housed in the Gold Museum, the largest collection of Pre-Hispanic gold anywhere in the world. The sheer diversity of the collection is staggering. The museum's centerpiece is the musical "Offering Boat," and is just one of many examples of Pre-Hispanic gold craftsmanship. End the afternoon with a journey by funicular up to the city's highest view point for a sunset visit to Monserrate, the site of a historic church famous for religious pilgrimages and for its beautiful view overlooking Bogota.
At one of the fine restaurants at Monserrate.
Return to the hotel.
Andina Royal
Meals Included:
Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Day 3:
The Cathedral of Salt and Cajica Village
(Saturday, December 5)
Travel by motorcoach approximately 1.5 hours each way to the Salt Cathedral and Cajica.
Breakfast buffet at the hotel
Full day field trip to the Salt Cathedral. Journey outside of Bogota to the village of Zipiquira, where in 1951, salt miners executed an amazing feat of engineering by building a massive structure carved into the salt - a cathedral.
Enjoy typical cuisine of the region in a restaurant in the village of Cajica.
Take some time to stroll through the village, known for its skilled potters, before returning to Bogota.
Your choice to explore the many eateries just steps from the hotel in the Zona Rosa, one of Bogota's gastronomy neighborhoods.
At leisure.
Andina Royal
Meals Included:
Breakfast, Lunch
Day 4:
Fly to Armenia / Colombian Coffee Production from the Coffee Bush to the Cup
(Sunday, December 6)
Please note that internal flights allow one carry on of up to 22 pounds and one checked bag of up to 44 pounds without additional charges. The documents for flights within Colombia are issued after you arrive on the program. Walking and standing on unpaved terrain at the plantation for 30 minutes. The altitude in Salento is 5,250 ft. Walking on cobblestone streets with a slight incline.
Early breakfast buffet at the hotel.
Fly to Armenia, in the Coffee Region, arriving mid-morning. Drive through the rolling hills to the hacienda of a coffee farmer and begin your discovery of coffee production, beginning with a presentation on the history of coffee. Continue with a visit of the plantation.
Enjoy a typical meal of the region at the hacienda.
Leave the plantation and head into the village of Salento, where the story of this farmer's coffee production continues with the roasting, grinding and packaging processes. Walk through the picturesque cobblestone streets to the family's cafe to taste the finished product. Afterwards, take a stroll down the main street of Salento to admire the brightly painted balconies and arrive at the hotel for check-in.
Light dinner in the hotel restaurant.
At leisure.
Hotel Salento Real
Meals Included:
Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Day 5:
The Cocora Valley
(Monday, December 7)
The Cocora Valley is at 7,875 feet. The hike to the river and the Camino Real is 30 minutes each way, with an elevation change of 300 feet down and then back up, over a dirt-road that may be muddy in spots and has some rocky places. Light hiking boots or sturdy walking shoes are recommended.
Start your day with coffee, tea, juice, fresh seasonal fruits and your choice of yogurt, cereal and eggs.
Field trip into the Cocora Valley with its wax palms and spectacular views. Learn about the significance of the wax palm and participate in the planting of a tree donated by Road Scholar. Then, choose to take a short hike with your local expert to the Quindio River and the Camino Real, a section of the Inca Trail, taking in the beauty of the soaring wax palms and mountain landscape. Perhaps you'll get a glimpse of hummingbirds or some of the brightly colored endemic birds. Or, remain in the main area near the lunch restaurant to relax and enjoy the natural beauty. Watch for the hummingbirds that frequent the trees nearby. This area is a photographer's dream.
Enjoy the specialty of the Cocora Valley, trout from the nearby river, crisply fried and served on a giant tostone. (chicken, beef and a vegetarian selection also offered)
Return to Salento and enjoy the remainder of the afternoon at leisure to relax, stroll the village, or even climb the many steps to the viewpoint on the hillside above. Reconvene in the late afternoon for a lecture on the impact of illegal groups on the coffee region, with your local expert.
Your choice to explore the many local restaurants that line the main street and town square, which offer a variety of choices in local and international cuisine.
At leisure.
Hotel Salento Real
Meals Included:
Breakfast, Lunch
Day 6:
Bonsai and Orchids / Manizales
(Tuesday, December 8)
At the plantation, the walk from the coach drop off through the orchards is downhill on unpaved ground. Walking sticks are provided and those who do not want to walk will be driven in cars to the hacienda. Although the actual distance between Salento and Medellin is only 156 miles, the road is winding, single lane, with many speed bumps, and an average speed limit of 45 mph, therefore we break our journey with a night in Manizales. Our ride will be about 95 miles and stops are made in route.
Start your day with coffee, tea, juice, fresh seasonal fruits and your choice of yogurt, cereal and eggs.
Depart Salento and journey along the Coffee Route to meet the passionate horticulturist of the largest private collection of orchids in Colombia. This unique visit to a family farm and hacienda begins with a walk through their fruit orchards, with awesome views of the mountains that extend as far as the eye can see. Around the hacienda, examine hundreds of varieties of orchids from all over the world, including very rare species, an amazing collection of miniature orchids, carniverous plants and a collection of bonsai that are over thirty years old.
Enjoy a home-cooked meal at the hacienda. Keep an eye peeled for the many species of hummingbirds.
Continue to Manizales, one of the oldest cities in the coffee region, with a wealth of history, ranging from the expansion of colonists from Medellin in the North to the indigenous cultures that existed here even before the European discovery of the "New World." Explore this city by coach and learn its history and how it is transforming to meet the needs of its residents. Meet with the charity foundation Pequeno Corazon, who provides services to children who need heart transplants and corrective surgery. Late afternoon arrival and check-in at the hotel. Please note that hotel selection in Manizales is limited. While we have selected the best available option and the service is excellent, the facilities may not meet our more sophisticated expectations.
Light dinner in the hotel.
At leisure.
Hotel Europa Manizales
Meals Included:
Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Day 7:
Through the Coffee Region to Medellin
(Wednesday, December 9)
The drive takes about six hours with three stops en route: a morning rest stop, lunch, and an afternoon rest stop. Medellin is located at 4,905 feet.
Buffet breakfast with juice, fresh fruit, arepa, eggs, yogurt, cereal, coffee and tea.
Depart to Medellin with a rest stop en route. The drive through the mountains takes in the landscape of the coffee region. The first stop of the day affords scenic views over the Cauca River.
En route to Medellin, at a local restaurant in a picturesque location with a scenic viewpoint.
Continue the drive, climbing 5,900 feet in just over one mile, passing through the village of Santa Barbara. We leave the coffee bushes behind and enter a pastoral landscape and lower elevation. Arrive in Medellin and check in at the hotel. Reconvene for a lecture by your local expert on the city's inspiring transformation from having one of the world's highest murder rates to one of the safest cities in South America. This transformation has brought about socioeconomic change to residents that has permeated through all levels of society.
Light dinner in the hotel.
At leisure.
Royal Medellin
Meals Included:
Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Day 8:
Guatape Lake
(Thursday, December 10)
Drive to Guatape Lake is 1.5 hours each way on winding, but good condition, roads.
Buffet breakfast in the hotel.
Field Trip "Journey to Guatape": Following the weekend footsteps of Antioquenos (residents of Medellin), journey out to the area of Guatape Lake to learn about this hydroelectric project begun in the 1970s and its impact on the city of Medellin. Located east of the city, the stunning lakes of Guatape are dwarfed by the monolithic rock of Penol, a 150 foot high geologic marvel looming over the water's edge. Walk through the village of Guatape to view the colorful zocalos - baseboard trim painted in the theme of each house or building.
Enjoy grilled lake fish on the village's waterfront. (chicken or vegetarian option offered)
Take the views of the lake during a short ride on the small motorboats that ply the waters, then admire the views over the entire landscape, from the base of La Penol. Return to Medellin.
Explore the flavors of Medellin on your own. Many restaurants featuring local and international cuisine and a shopping mall are located nearby the hotel, and suggestions will be provided.
At leisure.
Royal Medellin
Meals Included:
Breakfast, Lunch
Day 9:
Medellin, Its Art and Transformation
(Friday, December 11)
Walking in the city up to a half mile at a time, rest stops available in some places. Travel by public transportation, cable car and escalator. Walking and standing in the museum.
Buffet breakfast at the hotel.
Field trip by motorcoach to the heart of Medellin and the Museum of Antiochia. Examine the collection of 19th to 20th century Colombian paintings that illustrate the settlement of the coffee region and explore the works of native son, Fernando Botero. Walk through the Parque Berrio, home of some of Botero's oversized sculptures. Experience firsthand the hustle and bustle of downtown Medellin.
In a local restaurant.
Experience the impact of the public transportation on residents of the city by taking the inspirationally clean, safe and modern metropolitan train. Connect directly from the Metro line to the famous Metro Cable. Not only are you greeted with amazing views, but you are taking part in a piece of Medellin's history. The cable car network was one of the factors influencing the regeneration of the city, providing thousands of residents with easy access to the downtown from the steep hillsides, to find work. Walk from the Metro a few blocks to the amazing escalator system that has transformed one of the city's poorest neighborhoods into the safest, best-kept area. Meet local youth who maintain and greet visitors to the escalators and the artists who create the colorful wall murals.
Your choice to explore local flavors from the many eateries nearby.
At leisure.
Royal Medellin
Meals Included:
Breakfast, Lunch
Day 10:
Fly to Cartegena
(Saturday, December 12)
There is no motorcoach access inside the walled city. Luggage will be transported to the hotel in small vans. The walk from the motorcoach drop off point to the hotel is 5-10 minutes over cobblestone streets.
Buffet breakfast at the hotel.
Transfer by motorcoach to the Rio Negro Airport and fly to Cartagena. Upon arrival in the city, begin with a lecture, "All About Cartagena," to learn the considerable role that the city has played in the history of the Americas.
In a local restaurant.
Field trip by motorcoach to "La Popa and San Felipe": Discover the hilltop area of La Popa on the highest point of the city. Enjoy the views of the Caribbean and over the walled city from the flower filled patio and explore the historic convent. Continue on to Castillo de San Felipe, which was created in 1536 and expanded by African slave labor over the following two centuries. In the late afternoon, check in at the hotel.
Your choice to explore the many restaurants in the walled city. Suggestions will be provided.
At leisure.
Bastion Luxury Hotel
Meals Included:
Breakfast, Lunch
Day 11:
Explore the Walled City of Cartagena and Author Gabriel Garcia Marquez
(Sunday, December 13)
Walk to the lecture venue. After the lecture, up to 3 hours of slow walking over uneven and cobblestone streets. There will be rest stops. Note: Cartagena has a Caribbean climate: very warm, humid and possible passing rain showers.
Breakfast buffet at the hotel.
A lecture introduces the life and history of Colombia's most notable writer, Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Learn of the inspirations for many of his works found in Cartagena and gain insight into the author's often overlooked works of journalism. Field Trip: Walk through the walled city of Cartagena with a local expert. Carved from a colorful history rife with piracy, sultry Caribbean heat, and fusions of African, indigenous and European culture, Cartagena is truly a living and breathing museum. Walk through the old town, passing under the symbol of Cartagena, the Puerto Del Reloj or "Clock Tower Gate" into the Plaza de los Coches. Your local expert divulges the legends and history of Cartagena from ancient times, up to the present. Stroll from the Plaza San Pedro Claver with its stunning church, on through Cartagena's own Plaza Bolivar.
Your choice to explore local fare.
Enjoy the afternoon at leisure to wander the walled city, explore the Gold Museum, or relax at the pool.
Farewell dinner in a nearby restaurant with musical entertainment.
Bastion Luxury Hotel
Meals Included:
Breakfast, Dinner
Day 12:
Departures for the US
(Monday, December 14)
Early continental breakfast at the hotel.
Program ends. Transfer to the Cartagena Airport for return flights to the US.
Meals Included:
Important information about your itinerary:
Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information featured on this website. Itineraries are based on our best information at this time. Circumstances beyond our control may require us to adjust itineraries or other details. We regret any inconvenience this may cause and appreciate your understanding. Information will be sent to you from your Program Provider approximately three weeks prior to the program start date. The prices listed for commercial services and facilities that are not included in the program cost, such as airport shuttles or extra nights lodging, are subject to change without notice. Since Road Scholar cannot guarantee the accuracy of these prices, we strongly suggest contacting the companies directly for the most up-to-date information.
Suggested Reading List
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Culture Smart! Colombia
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Lonely Planet Colombia
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The Andes
Author: Jason Wilson
Description: Starting out in Cuzco, heart of the Inca Empire, Wilson spreads north and south along the Andes, including excerpts from South American literary giants, travelers and his own impressions.
The Conquistadors, A Very Short Introduction
Author: Felipe Fernandez-Armesto, Matthew Restall
Description: This provocative book by two leading historians explores who the conquistadors were and what made their adventures possible.
The Making of Modern Colombia, A Nation in Spite of Itself
Author: David Bushnell
Description: A leading historian of the region, Bushnell traces the political history of Colombia from before the arrival of the Spaniards through independence and reform in the 19th century, then through to the 1980s in this thoroughly enjoyable, incisive portrait of a nation.
Tropical Nature
Author: Adrian Forsyth, Ken Miyata
Description: A lucid portrait of the tropics as seen by two uncommonly observant and thoughtful field biologists. Its 17 marvelous essays introduce the habitats, ecology, plants and animals of the Central and South American rainforest.
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Explore the world-famous Gold Museum and learn about the gold on display, its shamanic significance and how the collection was formed.
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Has star trek changed
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March 28 2013, 01:03 AM
Location: RIP Leonard Nimoy
Re: Has star trek changed
Gojira wrote:
mos6507 wrote:
yousirname wrote:
I could happily go the rest of my life without ever hearing the phrase "Gene's vision" again.
I don't see how you can expect to not hear the phrase "Gene's vision" in a Trek BBS. Should we just erect JJ-specific Trek hangouts so people like you can avoid Trek purists?
I think the term "Gene's Vision" has reached mythical proportions at this time to the point where it really isn't true. I think Gene's true vision was making money.
I do not mean to sound cynical because I do not think I am being cynical. I just think that the whole "Gene's vision" overrated. Plus Star Trek was made into what it became through the vision of many, not just one man.
I know it's been denied, but Zephram Cochrane in First Contact screamed "commentary on Gene Roddenberry" the minute he gave that speech in the cockpit of the Phoenix.
He was a man of his times, he had some good ideals and a knack for getting some of the best and brightest to work for him,but he got turned into a hero and idol long after the fact by fans that only know the PR version of Gene.
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subset: commoncrawl


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With every brushstroke, Rembrandt often painted an Amsterdam filled with social malaise fueled by wealth mongering at the height of the Dutch Golden Age. Documentarian Peter Greenaway scrutinizes Rembrandt's famous genre piece, Nightwatch, as a means of forensic investigation into the country's criminal underbelly. The movie speaks to art's relevance as civilized society's premier tool of education, communication, and preservation. If you can get over the visual echoes of PBS, then Rembrandt's J'accuse is something definitely worth seeing. Rembrandt's J'accuse opens Friday, October 21st in select theaters.
Latest Blog Posts
Cosmic Egg
Releasing: 23 October
Wolfmother returns with their second studio album, Cosmic Egg, off Modular, set to come out October 23th. This is in the wake of the Australian hard rock band's reformation: bassist/keyboardist Ian Peres, guitarist Aiden Nemeth, and drummer Dave Atkins step up as Wolfmother's new core after the departure of original band members Chris Ross and Myles Heskett last year. Pounding guitar riffs, militant drums, and singer Andrew Stockdale's wail drive Cosmic Egg's first full single, "New Moon Rising", a rock 'n' roll juggernaut. Wolfmother will tour in support of Cosmic Egg beginning this October. Watch a live performance of "New Moon Rising" and check out more of their tour dates after the jump.
01 California Queen
02 New Moon Rising
03 White Feather
04 Sundial
05 In the Morning
06 10,000 Feet
07 Cosmic Egg
08 Far Away
09 Pilgrim
10 In the Castle
11 Phoenix
12 Violence of the Sun
Adorable Memphis boy-girl pop act Magic Kids has a new single entitled "Superball". The song's glowing, playful sound derives from a sunshiney Beach Boys melody and an '80s video game soundtrack. "Superball" will come out as part of a split 7" release off Fat Possum. Hear "Superball" now on the Magic Kids' MySpace.
"Treeship" is a spellbinding 22-minute symphony imbued in a mysterious synth-pop universe. Virtual troubadour Dayve Hawk created and produced the track under the moniker Memory Tapes. Memory Tapes is a hybrid of Hawk's other personae, Memory Cassette and Weird Tapes. "Treeship" is a bonus track on Memory Tapes' full length album Seek Magic, but Hawk generously posted "Treeship" on his blog in all its enchanting glory.
Memory Tapes
Treeship [MP3]
Here's a new pop-candy video from the ever-hip Uffie. The song is not new (released in 2008), but the video is, as is the Mirwais remix. Full of sun-dappled polyester scenes and primary-colored legs in kaleidoscope, this video promises to please the masses.
Pop the Glock (Mirwais remix) [MP3]
The Battlefield "Last Train Home" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Inaya Day and Joe Cozzo "Road to Recovery" (video) (premiere) // Music
Matt Lande 'GLOW' (album stream) (premiere) // Music
Because Blood Is Drama: Considering Carnage in Video Games and Other Media
// Moving Pixels
"It's easy to dismiss blood and violence as salacious without considering why it is there, what its context is, and what it might communicate.READ the article


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You know how much I love Asian food, right? If you have been following this website for even one month, then you should have noticed this by now. Americanized or authentic, if the recipe concept is from China, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Korea, or Thailand then I will probably love it. So when the publisher of the new cookbook Vegan 101: Master Vegan Cooking with 101 Great Recipes offered to share a sample vegetable stir-fry recipe, I simply couldn't say no.
Vegan 101 is one of the first offerings in Agate Surrey's brand-new 101 series, providing readers with 101 well-tested vegan recipes, presented in a clean, simple, easy-to-use format, along with basic kitchen advice and helpful how-to tips. To add global flare, and increase its appeal to both beginner and veteran vegan cooks, the recipes in Vegan 101 are drawn from a wide variety of regional cuisines. Vegan 101 was designed with practicality in mind, too. I had a peek inside, and it is simply and attractively laid out, contains several full color photos, and according to the publisher, it has a "lay flat" binding for ease of use in the kitchen!
Some of the recipes in Vegan 101 that caught my eye include:
- Hot Ginger Lemonade
- Sesame Wonton Cups with Sweet Sesame Dressing
- Sloppy Joes
- Vietnamese Curried Coconut Soup
- French-Style Onion Pizza
- Orzo with Sun-Dried Tomatoes and Mushrooms
- Brazilian Black Bean Bake
- Sugar-Glazed Brussels Sprouts and Pearl Onions
- Pumpkin Cookies with Classic Icing
- Double Evil Brownies
- … and this Rice Noodle & Vegetable Stir-Fry …
- 1 package (8 ounces [224 gm]) rice noodles
- 1 cup (236 mL) each: cut green beans, cubed yellow summer squash
- ½ cup (118 mL) each: thinly sliced celery, red bell pepper
- 4 green onions, thinly sliced
- 1 tablespoon finely chopped fresh gingerroot
- 1 tablespoon (15 mL) canola oil
- 2 cups (473 mL) shredded napa cabbage
- 1 cup (236 mL) reduced-sodium vegetable broth
- 2 tablespoons (30 mL) dry sherry (optional)
- 2-3 teaspoons (10-15 mL) light soy sauce
- ½-1 teaspoon (2.5-5 mL) Szechuan chili sauce
- Place noodles in large bowl; cover with cold water. Let stand until noodles separate and are soft, about 15 minutes; drain.
- Stir-fry green beans, squash, celery, bell pepper, green onions, and gingerroot in oil in large wok or skillet until tender, 8 to 10 minutes.
- Add cabbage and stir-fry 1 minute.
- Stir in noodles and remaining ingredients.
- Heat to boiling; reduce heat and simmer, uncovered, until noodles have absorbed all liquid, about 5 minutes.


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Room: 4 People + Breakfast: Comfortable rooms, one with 2 single beds and a double bed for 60€ the night, we have three other bedrooms with double beds each 30€ for night and 1 room with single bed for 24€ the night, all rates include breakfas
New building, modern,90m2 apartment, great sea view. The kitchen is fully equipped with everything to make you feel at home: coffee machine, micro wave, toaster, oven, dishwasher etc. Two bathrooms; one with a bathtub and one with a shower.
Casa Aldomar is a boutique B&B located in a newly restored 18th century silkweaver's house with a peaceful patio in the heart of the old quarter of the historic city of Xativa, 60km south of Valencia with easy road and rail access.
Picturesque Retreat built in Italian style with breathtaking views over the valley, the mountains and the sea. All rooms are large (34m2) with bathroom, safe. swimming pool. On the outside, a large pool area and gardens.
There is an outstandingly beautiful completely private garden with a swimming pool and Jacuzzi.
Cal Ganso is the perfect choice to disconnect from routine and enjoy a stay with the charm of a country house of 1827 mantained with all details, stone walls and scenery of vineyards and olive trees make it a unique and full of romanticism place.
Excellent location in the nice and peaceful residential area in the centre of Sitges
Sunrise rooms, your home in Sitges
Welcome aboard Willowmoon, a bed and breakfast with a difference! Enjoy great company, cosy quarters and a convenient location in Barcelona's Port Vell.
Els Caterers is perfecto to holiday in Miravet
Blanc Guesthouse�s Rooms are decorated in a Proven�al style, in light, airy tones for optimum relaxation. All rooms are cosy, with comfortable beds, duvets for winter and fresh cotton linen for the warmer summer months.
Casanova Sky Penthouse offers great facilities to our guest including direct access onto the terrace
Find a bed and breakfast in Tarragona Spain for your romantic weekend getaway. Intimate b & bs are cozy, romantic accommodations that are perfect for a mini-vacation, honeymoon, or wedding anniversary celebration. You will love the unique charm of our inns in Tarragona Spain. Many guesthouses include complimentary breakfasts and unbeatable hospitality. Browse our bed & breakfasts and plan your Tarragona Spain romantic getaway today!


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I agree with the above. I always struggled with the idea of writing articles for other sites to build links to my sites on the same topic. And you have to be crazy IMO to write higher quality articles for article directories than you would post to your own blog. Hence the proliferation of garbage articles.
And the worst form of article marketing madness is to post copies of your blog posts to article directories that may have higher authority than your own site.
Lately I am thinking to write super-long original content blog posts, almost like mini-ebook posts. Since crappy 300 word posts are likely to appear like a typical marketing article and be a waste of time. This has disadvantages such as inducing reader fatigue and scrolling the Ads way out of eyeball and click range. But they could be thought of as ranking and traffic-getting pages. Then the reader can always click to other shorter posts on the same blog to find the Ads.


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VIDEO: Teemu Selanne takes final lap with Jean-Sebastien Giguere
More NHL Playoffs: Schedule, TV listings | Expert Picks | Bracket | Scores | Odds
Sunday night was the final regular-season game of the great career of one of hockey's most-beloved players to ever play the game, Teemu Selanne. The Anaheim Ducks forward has debated for years when he would call it quits and all indications before this season said this would be the last.
So in the regular-season finale in Anaheim, Selanne got the send-off of all send-offs. The Ducks might have been playing the Central Division-winning Avalanche but Sunday night was all about Teemu.
Well not all about Teemu. Because in the Avalanche net was Jean-Sebastien Giguere, who was playing in what was most likely the final regular-season game of his career. A star for the Ducks for so many years, it was a great place for Jiggy to play his last game.
And it led to one incredible scene. After Selanne was named all three stars of the game (of course), he took a victory lap for the fans. Meanwhile, all of the Ducks and Avalanche stayed on the ice to watch. After Selanne shook the hands of the officials, all the Avs came up to shake his hand. All except Jiggy.
What did Teemu do then? He went and grabbed Giguere and the two did one final lap. Together.
The image of two old friends who led the Ducks to their only Stanley Cup in franchise history wearing different jersyes but skating hand in hand and with smiles from ear to ear was simply unforgettable.
Undisputed tag-team champions of the world. pic.twitter.com/VdafS1khPR— Chris Peters (@chrismpeters) April 14, 2014
Not only that, but all throughout the game whenever Selanne would step onto the ice for a shift, the Ducks faithful gave him a standing ovation.
There is just so much awesome here in what is, at least from this perspective, undoubtedly the moment of the 2013-14 season. If you don't get goosebumps watching that then you're just not a hockey fan.


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Are you Liyun Zou?Claim your profile
Publications (24)96.92 Total impact
Article: Neutrophil extracellular trap formation is associated with autophagy-related signalling in ANCA-associated vasculitis: NET formation involves autophagy in AAV[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation could contribute to the pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Recent research has provided evidence that a novel type of ANCA autoantibody, anti-LAMP-2 antibody, may have a pathogenic role in AAV. We have previously shown that anti-LAMP-2 antibody-stimulated NET formation contains autoantigens and antimicrobial peptides. The current study sought to determine whether LAMP-2, as a novel antigen of ANCA, was present on NETs in AAV patients, the influence of the anti-LAMP-2 antibody on the neutrophil apoptosis rate, and the role of autophagy in anti-LAMP-2 antibody-induced NET formation. NET formation was assessed using immunofluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy or live cell imaging. The neutrophil apoptosis rate was analyzed using FACS. Autophagy was detected using LC3B accumulation and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that enhanced NET formation, which contains LAMP-2, was observed in kidney biopsies and neutrophils from AAV patients. The apoptosis rate significantly decreased in human neutrophils stimulated with anti-LAMP-2 antibody, and this effect was attenuated by the inhibitors of autophagy 3MA and LY294002. The anti-LAMP-2 antibody-stimulated NET formation was unaffected by zVAD-fmk and Nec-1, which are inhibitors of apoptosis and necrosis, respectively, but was inhibited by 3MA and LY294002. Moreover, the proportion of LC3BI that was converted to LC3BII significantly increased (P=0.0057), and massive vacuolizations that exhibited characteristics typical of autophagy were detected in neutrophils stimulated with anti-LAMP-2 antibody. Our results provide further evidence that autophagy is involved in ANCA-induced NET formation in human neutrophils. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Clinical & Experimental Immunology 01/2015; 180(3). DOI:10.1111/cei.12589 · 3.04 Impact Factor
Article: C5aR, TNF-α, and FGL2 contribute to coagulation and complement activation in virus-induced fulminant hepatitis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background and Aims Viral fulminant hepatitis (FH) is a disease with a high mortality rate. Activation of complement system correlates with the development of FH. However, the key factors mediating complement activation in FH remain elusive. Methods Liver tissues were isolated from FH patients caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and from mice infected with murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3). The wild type mice were treated with or without antagonists of C5aR or TNF-α, and the C5aR-/-, Fgl2-/- and TNF-α-/- mice were not treated with antagonists. C5b-9, C5aR, Fgl2, CD31, CD11b, fibrin, TNF-α, and C3 cleavage products were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, or ELISA. Sorted liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) or myeloid-derived (CD11b+) cells were stimulated with C5a, TNF-α or MHV-3 in vitro. The mRNA expressions of Fgl2 and TNF-α were then determined by qRT-PCR analyses. Results We determined that complement activation, coagulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production were upregulated in the HBV+ patients with FH. Similar observations were made in murine FH models. The complement activation and coagulation were significantly reduced in the MHV-3 infected mice in the absence of C5aR, TNF-α or Fgl2. The MHV-3 infected C5aR-/- mice exhibited reduced numbers of infiltrated inflammatory CD11b+ cells and the expression of TNF-α and Fgl2. Moreover, C5a administration stimulated TNF-α production by CD11b+ cells, which in turn promoted the expression of Fgl2 in CD31+ LSEC-like cells in vitro. Administration of antagonists against C5aR or TNF-α ameliorated MHV-3-induced FH. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that C5aR, TNF-α and Fgl2 form an integral network that contributes to coagulation and complement activation, and suggest that they are potential therapeutic targets in viral FH intervention.Journal of Hepatology 09/2014; 62(2). DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.050 · 11.34 Impact Factor
Article: The influence of cathelicidin LL37 in human anti-neutrophils cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is characterised by the autoinflammation and necrosis of blood vessel walls. The renal involvement is commonly characterised by a pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (PiCGN) with a very rapid decline in renal function. Cathelicidin LL37, an endogenous antimicrobial peptide, has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. To assess whether serum LL37 reflects renal crescentic formation, we measured the serum levels of LL37 in AAV patients with and without crescentic glomerulonephritis (crescentic GN) as compared to healthy controls (HCs). We also analysed the correlation of the serum levels of LL37 and interferon-α (IFN-α) with the clinical characteristics of the patients. The study population consisted of 85 AAV patients and 51 HCs. In 40 ANCA-positive patients, a parallel analysis was performed, including the assessment of LL37 and IFN-α levels in the serum and renal biopsies. Of those studied, 15 AAV patients had biopsy-proven crescentic GN, and 25 AAV patients lacked crescent formation. The serum levels of cathelicidin LL37 and IFN-α were both measured by ELISA, and the clinical and serological parameters were assessed according to routine procedures. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on frozen sections of kidney needle biopsies from AAV patients with crescentic GN. The serum levels of LL37 and IFN-α were significantly increased in AAV patients with crescentic GN compared to AAV patients without crescentic formation and HCs, and patients with high LL37 and IFN-α levels were more likely to be in the crescentic GN group. The LL37 levels were positively correlated with the IFN-α levels, and both LL37 and IFN-α levels showed a positive correlation with serum creatinine and no correlation with complement C3. The renal tissue of crescentic GN patients showed expression of LL37 and IFN-α at the Bowman's capsule and extracellular sites, suggesting the active release of LL37 and IFN-α. Significantly higher levels of LL-37 and IFN-α were observed in AAV patients, particularly those with crescentic formation, and LL37 and IFN-α were expressed in the renal tissue of patients with crescentic GN. These data suggest that serum levels of LL37 and IFN-α may reflect both local renal inflammation and systemic inflammation.Arthritis research & therapy 10/2013; 15(5):R161. DOI:10.1186/ar4344 · 3.75 Impact Factor
Article: Guo Q, Zhang J, Li J et al.Forced miR-146a expression causes autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome in mice via downregulation of Fas in germinal center B cells. Blood 121:4875-4883[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: By inhibiting target gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) play major roles in various physiological and pathological processes. miR-146a, a miRNA induced upon LPS stimulation and virus infection, is also highly expressed in patients with immune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, and psoriasis. Whether the high level of miR-146a contributes to any of these pathogenesis-related processes remains unknown. To elucidate the function of miR-146a in vivo, we generated a transgenic mouse line overexpressing miR-146a. Starting at an early age, these transgenic mice developed spontaneous immune disorders mimicking human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) with distinct manifestations, including enlarged spleens and lymph nodes, inflammatory infiltration in the livers and lungs, increased levels of double-negative T cells in peripheral blood, and increased serum IgG levels. Moreover, with the adoptive transfer approach, we found that the B cell population was the major etiological factor and that the expression of Fas, a direct target of miR-146a, was significantly dampened in transgenic germinal center B cells. These results indicate that miR-146a may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALPS by targeting Fas and may therefore serve as a novel therapeutic target.Blood 05/2013; 121(24). DOI:10.1182/blood-2012-08-452425 · 10.45 Impact Factor
Article: Expression profiling of Rab GTPases reveals the involvement of Rab20 and Rab32 in acute brain inflammation in mice[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Rab GTPases have emerged as central regulators of vesicle trafficking and are essential for cytokine production during the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation. To characterize the roles of different Rab proteins in brain inflammation, we used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to examine the expression profiles of all members of the Rab family in an experimental model of brain inflammation in mice. We found that Rab20 and Rab32 were substantially up-regulated during the acute phase of inflammation. The increased expression of Rab20 was also confirmed by immunostaining of inflamed brains at different timepoints. The concomitant overexpression of Rabs (Rab20 and Rab32) and early response proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) suggested that these Rabs may be important for subsequent inflammatory responses in brain. Furthermore, we found that the expression of certain Rabs was dramatically reduced in cultured primary microglia, which was not observed in the in vivo profiling. In N9, a microglial cell line, however, there was no increase in the expression of Rab20 or Rab32, but Rab3c was significantly overexpressed. These results collectively indicate that Rabs may participate in inflammatory response in microglia during brain inflammation. The differential regulation of individual Rabs in different experimental systems is a caveat for the analysis of Rab functions.Neuroscience Letters 08/2012; 527(2):110-4. DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.039 · 2.03 Impact Factor
Article: Li, J. et al. Altered microRNA expression profile with miR-146a upregulation in CD4+ T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 12, R81[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression pattern and function of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The expression profile of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells from synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood of 33 RA patients was determined by microarray assay and validated by qRT-PCR analysis. The correlation between altered expression of miRNAs and cytokine levels was determined by linear regression analysis. The role of miR-146a overexpression in regulating T cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. A genome-wide gene expression analysis was further performed to identify miR-146a-regulated genes in T cells. miRNA expression profile analysis revealed that miR-146a expression was significantly upregulated while miR-363 and miR-498 were downregulated in CD4+ T cells of RA patients. The level of miR-146a expression was positively correlated with levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and in vitro studies showed TNF-alpha upregulated miR-146a expression in T cells. Moreover, miR-146a overexpression was found to suppress Jurkat T cell apoptosis. Finally, transcriptome analysis of miR-146a overexpression in T cells identified Fas associated factor 1 (FAF1) as a miR-146a-regulated gene, which was critically involved in modulating T cell apoptosis. We have detected increased miR-146a in CD4+ T cells of RA patients and its close correlation with TNF-alpha levels. Our findings that miR-146a overexpression suppresses T cell apoptosis indicate a role of miR-146a in RA pathogenesis and provide potential novel therapeutic targets.Arthritis research & therapy 05/2010; 12(3):R81. DOI:10.1186/ar3006 · 3.75 Impact Factor
Article: Antibody binding site mapping of SARS-CoV spike protein receptor-binding domain by a combination of yeast surface display and phage peptide library screening[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) protein plays an important role in viral infection, and is a potential major neutralizing determinant. In this study, three hybridoma cell lines secreting specific monoclonal antibodies against the RBD of the S protein were generated and their exact binding sites were identified. Using yeast surface display, the binding sites of these antibodies were defined to two linear regions on the RBD: S(337-360) and S(380-399). Using these monoclonal antibodies in phage peptide library screening identified 10 distinct mimotopes 12 amino acids in length. Sequence comparison between native epitopes and these mimotopes further confirmed the binding sites, and revealed key amino acid residues involved in antibody binding. None of these antibodies could neutralize the murine leukemia virus pseudotyped expressing the SARS-CoV spike protein (MLV/SARS-CoV). However, these mAbs could be useful in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV due to their exclusive reactivity with SARS-CoV. Furthermore, this study established a feasible platform for epitope mapping. Yeast surface display combined with phage peptide library screening provides a convenient strategy for the identification of epitope peptides from certain antigenic proteins.Viral immunology 12/2009; 22(6):407-15. DOI:10.1089/vim.2009.0046 · 1.45 Impact Factor
Article: The GTPase Rab3b/3c-positive recycling vesicles are involved in cross-presentation in dendritic cells[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Antigen cross-presentation in dendritic cells is a complex intracellular membrane transport process, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown of 57 Rab GTPases, the key regulators of membrane trafficking, on antigen cross-presentation. Twelve Rab GTPases were identified to be associated with antigen cross-presentation, and Rab3b/3c was indicated to be colocalized with MHC class I molecules at perinuclear tubular structure. Tracing with fluorescence protein-tagged beta(2)-microglobulin demonstrated that the MHC class I molecules were internalized from the plasma membrane to Rab3b/3c-positive compartments, which were also colocalized with the internalized transferrin. Moreover, depletion of Rab3b/3c strongly reduced the fast phase recycling rate of transferrin receptors. Furthermore, the Rab3b/3c-positive compartments were colocalized with a fraction of Rab27a at a juxtaposition of phagosomes. Together, these data demonstrate that Rab3b/3c-positive recycling vesicles are involved in and may constitute one of the recycling compartments in exogenous antigen cross-presentation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 09/2009; 106(37):15801-6. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0905684106 · 9.67 Impact Factor
Article: High-level expression and large-scale preparation of soluble HBx antigen from Escherichia coli[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The HBx (hepatitis B virus X protein) is a multifunctional regulator of cellular signal transduction and transcription pathways in host-infected cells. Evidence suggests that HBx has a critical role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the lack of efficient large-scale preparation methods for soluble HBx has hindered studies on the structure and function of HBx. Here, a new pMAL-c2x protein fusion and purification system was used for high-level expression of soluble HBx fusion protein. The high-purity fusion protein was obtained via amylose resin chromatography and Q-Sepharose chromatography. The untagged HBx was efficiently and rapidly purified by Sephadex G-75 chromatography after cleavage by Factor Xa at 23 degrees C. The purity of active HBx protein was >99% with a very stable secondary structure dominated by alpha-helix, beta-sheet and random structure. The purified HBx protein can be analysed to determine its crystal structure and function and its capabilities as an effective immunogen.Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 07/2009; 54(3):141-7. DOI:10.1042/BA20090116 · 1.36 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Dendritic cell (DC) specific transgenic mice are a most important model for investigating dendritic cell functions in vivo. Recently, lentivirus mediated gene transfer has become a powerful and convenient method for generation of transgenic mice. We cloned a 1.2 kb CD11c promoter and constructed a lentiviral vector, which efficiently drove DC-specific expression in vitro. After microinjection of purified virus into the perivitelline space of single-cell embryo, more than 80% newborn mice were transgenic and 7 F0 founders were rapidly generated in 2 months. GFP was strictly expressed in CD11c+ cells in spleens, thymus and lymph nodes of the transgenic mice. Importantly, the physiological characteristics and functions of DCs in the transgenic mice were not altered by the specific expression. These results indicate that this vector could be used to rapidly prepare DC-specific transgenic mice. Thus, this lentiviral vector system may provide a convenient and useful tool to study the properties of DCs in vivo.Transgenic Research 06/2009; 18(6):921-31. DOI:10.1007/s11248-009-9282-z · 2.32 Impact Factor
Article: Protection from Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in a Chinese Hamster Model by Equine Neutralizing F(ab′) 2[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To warrant potential clinical testing, the equine anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) F(ab')(2) requires evaluation in as many animal models as possible. In this study, we established a new animal model, the Chinese hamster, susceptible to SARS-CoV infection. SARS-CoV could propagate effectively and sustain high levels for 1 wk in animal lungs. All animals were protected from SARS-CoV infection in preventive settings. Further, when used therapeutically this antibody led to an approximately 4-log(10) decrease in viral burden in infected animal lungs. The pathological changes in lungs correlated closely with the dose of antibody administered. The excellent preventive and therapeutic roles of equine anti-SARS-CoV F(ab')(2) in several animal models, including the novel Chinese hamster model described in this study, have provided exciting data concerning its potential clinical study.Viral Immunology 10/2007; 20(3):495-502. DOI:10.1089/vim.2007.0038 · 1.45 Impact Factor
Article: Proteomics-based identification of HSP60 as a tumor-associated antigen in colorectal cancer[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Patients with cancer frequently develop autoantibodies. The identification of tumor autoantigens may have utility in early cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy. In this study, we used serological proteomics analysis (SERPA) to identify tumor proteins that elicit humoral response in colorectal cancer (CRC). The CRC cell line HCT116 was used as a source of proteins for 2-DE and subsequent Western blot analysis in which individual serum from patients with CRC was analyzed for autoantibodies. An autoantibody against HSP60 identified by MS was detected in 13 out of 25 patients with CRC and 1 out of 15 healthy subjects. In addition, the HSP60 expressions in tumor tissues collected from 40 patients with CRC were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and serum specimens from 100 patients with cancer and 30 healthy controls were screened for antibody titer to HSP60 by ELISA. The results showed that expressions of HSP60 in tumor tissue and serum antibody titer to HSP60 were significantly higher in patients with CRC than in healthy subjects. Thus, we conclude that the SERPA is an excellent assay for the identification of tumor-associated antigens and tumor markers. The detection of HSP60 may have clinical utility in CRC screening, diagnosis, and immunotherapy.Proteomics. Clinical applications 03/2007; 1(3):336-42. DOI:10.1002/prca.200600718 · 2.96 Impact Factor
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To study the function of S100A9 protein in HL-60 cells treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), we had designed and constructed retroviral vectors for expression of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), and silenced S100A9 expression in HL-60 cells treated with ATRA. The silence efficiency of siRNA was detected with RT-PCR and Western blotting. The differentiation of HL-60 was monitored by nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction experiment. Western blot showed that shRNAs remarkably reduce of S100A9 expression in HL-60 cells when they were induced to differentiation by ATRA. But NBT positive percentage of differentiated HL-60 cells was no remarked change with S100A9 expression. The data indicated S100A9 could be no important action during differentiation of HL-60 treated with ATRA.Leukemia Research 09/2006; 30(8):1013-7. DOI:10.1016/j.leukres.2005.11.009 · 2.35 Impact Factor
Article: Renal tubular epithelial expression of the coinhibitory molecule B7-DC (programmed death-1 ligand)[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) function as antigen-presenting cells because they constitutively express MHC class II molecules and have the ability to present peptide antigen to CD4+T cells. However, the costimulatory signals provided by TECs for optimal T-cell activation have not been fully characterized. Increasing recognition of the importance of B7 dendritic cells (B7-DC) in immunoregulation raises the question of whether B7-DC is expressed on TECs and is involved in regulating TEC function. B7-DC on cultured human and murine TECs was detected by flow cytometry in vitro. Immunohistochemistry was performed on human kidney biopsies. Coculture experiments were performed to confirm the role of TEC-related B7-DC in regulating CD4+T-cell activation. Data revealed that B7-DC is specifically expressed on TECs with inflammatory factor induced and diseased human kidney samples, including chronic glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis and renal cell carcinoma. B7-DC was a strong inhibitor of CD4+T-cell activation, as assessed by increased cytokine (interferon-gamma and interleukin-2) production and enhanced levels of T-cell activation marker CD69 in the presence of its blocking antibody. Blocking B7-DC/PD-1 enhanced antigen presentation. B7-DC is especially well expressed on TECs of diseased kidney samples and significantly down-regulates T-cell activation. We speculate that B7-DC might play an important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance, and in protecting the epithelium from immune-mediated tubulointerstitial injury.Journal of nephrology 07/2006; 19(4):429-38. · 1.45 Impact Factor
Article: Triptolide inhibits B7-H1 expression on proinflammatory factor activated renal tubular epithelial cells by decreasing NF-κB transcription[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Triptolide has been used extensively in China for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and tumor for many centuries. Nevertheless, little is known about its exact immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. Increasing recognition of the importance of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in renal diseases raises the question whether triptolide can regulate TEC activity. In this study, various cultured human and murine TECs were exposed to tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and triptolide, followed to examine the expression of B7-H1 and B7-DC. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that B7-H1 but not B7-DC constitutively expresses on TECs, and the B7-H1 protein expression was profoundly up-regulated by the stimulation of TNF-alpha with a dose-dependent manner. However, triptolide under non-cytotoxic concentration could down-regulate B7-H1 expression on activated TECs at both mRNA and protein level. This effect was transcription factor NF-kappaB dependent. Interestingly, the significant damping effect of triptolide on B7-H1 signal could promote interleukin-2 production by T cell hybridoma (C10) after antigen presentation and enhance cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-2) secretion by anti-CD3 activated T cells. Our results indicated that triptolide could regulate TEC activity via B7-H1, in addition to previously reported it directly affects the production of some inflammatory factors by T cells, tumor cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Molecular Immunology 04/2006; 43(8):1088-98. DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2005.07.026 · 2.97 Impact Factor
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) as they constitutively express MHC-II molecules and have the capacity to present peptide antigen to T cells. Nevertheless, co-stimulatory signals provided by TECs for regulating T cell activation have not been fully characterized. We therefore investigated the expression of B7-H1, a member of the B7 superfamily, on TECs under normal or pathologic conditions in vivo and analyzed the regulation and functional role of it after proinflammatory factors treatment in vitro. Immunohistological staining for B7-H1 on cryostat sections of core needle biopsies from patients with different renal diseases was examined. Furthermore, we also detected B7-H1 protein expression on cultured human TECs stimulated by various inflammatory factors and performed TEC/T-cell co-cultured experiment to determine TEC-associated B7-H1 in regulating CD4+ T cell activation as well as antigen presentation. Significant B7-H1 protein was detected in TECs of diseased renal samples. Although the presence of B7-H1 does not have any correlation with clinicopathological variables, marked B7-H1 expression on sections without interstitial inflammation revealed that B7-H1 has some protective function. In vitro, the expression of B7-H1 on TECs was increased after TECs were stimulated with IL-1alpha, LPS, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma or anti-CD40. Co-cultured experiments revealed that TEC-related B7-H1 was identified as a strong inhibitor of CD4+ T-cell activation as assessed by increased cytokine production (interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma) and expression levels of the T cell activation marker (CD69) in the presence of a neutralizing antibody against B7-H1 (clone MIH1). Interestingly, IL-2 production by C10 T cells after antigen presentation by murine TECs was also enhanced when the B7-H1/PD-1 pathway was interrupted. This study clearly shows that B7-H1 is an inducible renal tubular epithelial antigen that inhibits T cell activation. It is speculated that B7-H1/PD-1 pathway might play a role in protecting tubular epithelium from immune-mediated damage and active delivery of the B7-H1 inhibitory signal represents a novel therapeutic strategy in autoimmune renal diseases.Nephron Experimental Nephrology 02/2006; 102(3-4):e81-92. DOI:10.1159/000089686 · 2.56 Impact Factor
Article: Identification of leukemia-associated antigens in chronic myeloid leukemia by proteomic analysis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The immune system plays an important role in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Identification of leukemia-associated antigens (LAAs) eliciting an immune response in patients is a prerequisite for specific immunotherapy of CML. To identify new LAAs in CML, We utilized a novel approach based serology and proteomics technologies. LAAs were identified by comparing the reactivity of proteins resolved by 2-DE with sera from CML patients and healthy donors. Several new LAAs were identified including alpha enolase, aldolase A, HSP70 protein8, beta-tubulin and tropomyosin isoforms. Although, the functions of these identified proteins in CML need further investigation, the detection of autoantibodies in CML may have value on CML screening, diagnosis, or follow-up. Additionally, identification of LAAs in CML may also be of vital importance in antigen-based immunotherapy.Leukemia Research 01/2006; 29(12):1387-91. DOI:10.1016/j.leukres.2005.04.021 · 2.35 Impact Factor
Article: Comprehensive Antibody Epitope Mapping of the Nucleocapsid Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus: Insight into the Humoral Immunity of SARS[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The epidemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) posed a worldwide threat to public health and economic stability. Although the pandemic has been contained, concerns over its recurrence remain. It is essential to identify specific diagnostic agents and antiviral vaccine candidates to fight this highly contagious disease. We generated 14 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid (N) protein and used these to thoroughly map the N protein antigenic determinants. We identified the immunodominant antigenic sites responsible for the antibodies in sera from SARS patients and antisera from small animals and differentiated the linear from the conformational antibody-combining sites comprising the natural epitopes by use of yeast surface display. We identified 5 conformational and 3 linear epitopes within the entire N protein; 3 conformational and 3 linear epitopes were immunodominant. The antibody responses to the N protein fragments in mammalian sera revealed that 3 regions of the N protein are strong antigenic domains. We expanded the specificity of the N protein epitope and identified 4 novel conformational epitopes (amino acids 1-69, 68-213, 212-341, and 337-422). The antigenic structures identified for the SARS-CoV N protein, the epitope-specific mAbs, and the serum antibody profile in SARS patients have potential use in the clinical diagnosis and understanding of the protective immunity to SARS-CoV.Clinical Chemistry 09/2005; 51(8):1382-96. DOI:10.1373/clinchem.2005.051045 · 7.91 Impact Factor
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Previous studies have shown that sinomenine possesses potent immunoregulatory properties. However, little is known about its exact mechanisms of action. Increasing recognition of the importance of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in renal diseases raises the question whether sinomenine can regulate TEC activity. In this study, cultured human TECs were exposed to proinflammatory factors interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in presence or absence of sinomenine for 72 h, followed by analysis of surface expression of costimulatory molecules. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that various costimulatory molecules were expressed on TECs and that they were significantly up-regulated by the simulation of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. However, sinomenine especially down-regulated B7-H1 and B7-DC expression on TECs at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, the significant damping effect of sinomenine on B7-H1 and B7-DC signals could promote IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by co-cultured CD4(+) T cell. Our results indicated that sinomenine could regulate TECs activity via B7-H1 and B7-DC, in addition to previously reported its effects on some pro-inflammatory factors production by macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.International Immunopharmacology 09/2005; 5(9):1446-57. DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2005.03.015 · 2.47 Impact Factor
Article: Wan, Y, Wu, Y, Zhou, J, Zou, L, Liang, Y, Zhao, J et al.. Cross-presentation of phage particle antigen in MHC class II and endoplasmic reticulum marker-positive compartments. Eur J Immunol 35: 2041-2050[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: It has been shown that exogenous antigens can access the MHC class I pathway of professional antigen-processing cells. However, details as to how the MHC class I-peptide complex forms in the presentation pathway are still poorly understood. Here we used MHC class I-peptide-specific antibodies to investigate the formation and intracellular location of class I-peptide complexes in macrophages. We observed that the formation of class I-peptide complexes occurs within a few hours and lasts for another few hours on the cell surface of macrophages following loading with filamentous phage particles. The class I-peptide complexes in the process were co-localized with MHC class II molecules and endocytic system markers. Moreover, endosomal compartments containing class I-peptide complexes were found within intracellular organelles stained by DiOC6 and calnexin. In addition, the cross-presentation of phage particles was transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-dependent and sensitive to proteasome inhibitors and NH(4)Cl. These data suggest that endocytosed phage particles may be processed and cross-presented in organelles positive for phagosome and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers via a classical ER MHC class I loading mechanism.European Journal of Immunology 07/2005; 35(7):2041-50. DOI:10.1002/eji.200425322 · 4.03 Impact Factor
Top Journals
Third Military Medical University
Ch'ung-ch'ing-shih, Chongqing Shi, China
- • Southwest Hospital
- • Department of Neurobiology


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How is it that we've given up zero sacks in the 1st half, have two receivers many feel have great futures in this league, have a perennial 1000 yard receiver and have a sum total of 17 yards passing at halftime? I never thought I'd see the day when the Rams passing attack is virtually non-existant.
Oh, that's right- we're not supposed to be negative toward Bulger. It's unwarranted and unfair. My bad.


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Local Best Sellers
The Denver area's best-selling books, according to information from the Tattered Cover Book Stores, Barnes & Noble in Lone Tree, Old Firehouse Books in Fort Collins and the Boulder Book Store.
1. The Cuckoo's Calling, by Robert Galbraith
2. The Highway, by C.J. Box
3. And the Mountains Echoed, by Khaled Hosseini
4. The Ocean at the End of the Lane, by Neil Gaiman
5. A Marker to Measure Drift, by Alexander Maksik
6. Inferno, by Dan Brown
7. Bad Monkey, by Carl Hiaasen
8. Fiend, by Peter Stenson
9. Breaking Point, by C.J. Box
10. Gone Girl, by Gillian Flynn
1. Let's Explore Diabetes with Owls, by David Sedaris
2. Zealot, by Reza Aslan
3. The Leadership Contract, by Vince Molinaro
4. Infiltrated, by Jay Richards
5. Shot All to Hell, by Mark Lee Gardner
6. The Lost Christmas Gift, by Andrew Beckham
7. The Decision Book, by Mikael Krogerus
8. This Town,by Mark Leibovich
9. Lean In, by Sheryl Sandberg
10. The Autistic Brain, by Temple Grandin
1. The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald
2. The Good Earth, by Pearl Buck
3. The Casual Vacancy, by J.K. Rowling
4. The Things They Carried, by Tim O'Brien
5. The Stranger, by Albert Camus
1. Her Story, by Charlotte S. Waisman
2. Beekeeping for Dummies, by Howland Blackiston
3. Quiet, by Susan Cain
4. Maus I, by Art Spiegelman
5. Maus II, by Art Spiegelman


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Tara Ferry
Son of Roxy Music's Brian
Son of the Roxy Music frontman, twenty-one-year-old Tara Ferry, for a couple of years now omnipresent on the British social sites as one of the "it kids" of young London, has "naturally" become a musician. More precisely: the drummer of Rubber Kiss Goodbye, the band formed with his school friend Oliver Thompson (who also played on tour with Bryan Ferry and Roxy Music) who were later joined by Peter Perrett Junior, ex Babyshambles and son of the punk rock legend leader of The Only Ones.
Author of the group's tracks ("I practically write non stop"), Tara also plays the guitar and the piano. From his father's super vast oeuvre, he especially likes "Slave to love" and quotes his favorite video as being More than this.
Photo by Hugo Tillman
(All Burberry Prorsum. Photo byFashion editor Isa belle Kountoure)
Fabia Di Drusco, L'Uomo Vogue, April 2011 (n. 420), p. 145
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Lady Gaga's stylist has become a designer embracing neutral tones and a minimalist aesthetics


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Matthew Scarlett reveals he threatened to walk out on Geelong if they sacked Mark Thompson
- From: Herald Sun
- April 05, 2013
GEELONG legend Matthew Scarlett believed assistant coach Daryn Cresswell had been told he would replace coach Mark Thompson when the Cats defender threatened to walk out on the club.
Scarlett publicly threatened to leave Geelong if the Cats did not reappoint Thompson during the club's 2006 review, with the long-time coach winning the following year's premiership.
Gambling addict Cresswell was later jailed for fraud.
He tells Fox Footy's Open Mike on Monday night he had a gut feel about Cresswell, urging club management to stay the course with Thompson.
In other revelations:
SCARLETT says he nearly had a punch-up with teammate Steve Johnson - now a close friend - because he believed the mercurial forward played for himself.
HE knew his career was coming to a close when he could not contain himself and was suspended for punching Hayden Ballantyne last year.
SCARLETT believes the club's fortunes improved in 2007 when night owls including himself and Cameron Mooney stopped all-night drinking sessions and arriving at training in a poor state.
Scarlett called the Herald Sun from the home of captain Tom Harley and issued his sign-Bomber-or-I walk ultimatum in September 2006.
"I was going into bat for Bomber. I said I would have left," he said in the program.
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Remember Me
The two started djing 'house' music and 'soul' in the early 1990's and made good names for themselves on a international level. When not working as DJ's they were listening and collecting as much reggae they could get their hands on. The time was coming when they were ready to bust on the reggae scene as a sound system. That is when Rob had his events going in Philly and Zack had his in Burlington. The time came when Zack decided to make the move back to Philly in 2001 and the two became focused on really building the sound up properly. He joined Rob and Phil Graci (aka Fz ) and the MC Dub 2 at their already established weekly residency on Fridays at Filo's off of South St. in downtown Philly. Filo's was now the premier reggae club in Philadelphia housing both Solomonic and Federation Sounds.
As soon as Solomonic all got together again on regular events, they pushed each other to higher heights as a sound system. They are now one of the most in demand sounds in the city of Philadelphia. Already well known throughout the world as producers and DJ's for Worship Recordings helped them to establish gigs all around the United States, Canada, Mexico and Jamaica. Always spreading the universal message of love and unity through roots, culture and dancehall reggae music.
Solomonic has grown in size over the years since the sound first started, adding selectors Papa Fz, Roots, Chalice, El Feco B and most recently Dwight to the Philly crew.
Also being added was their arsenal of dubplates and specials they have been voicing since 1999. This in turn led to their building alongside Federation, the Philly Linkup Sound Clash which ran monthly for nearly 2 years. Solomonic faced their first sound clashes in events vs Striker Sound from NYC, and vs Stalwart Sound from Bermuda.
Solomonic opens up for most of the major culture artists and groups that pass through the Philadelphia area and continues to hold down a packed house at Bubblehouse every Friday night, keeping that Friday reggae vibe going on 8 years now.
They have also held residencies at Silk City in Philly for their monthly 'Oneness' event and on Sundays in South Beach, Miami at The Marlin,
Solomonic also dabbles in promotions and events for artists they are trying to bring to the masses and that they truly believe in, including Midnite from St Croix, Lee Perry & The Mad Professor, Linton Kwesi Johnson, Johnny Osborne, Norrisman, Terry Ganzie, Philly's own El Feco B, new artist Nekia, and many more. But their true calling and the place they are most content at is behind the decks or mixing console.
In 2007, A Selectors Choice : EL FECO B & Family was released. A full length mixed album featuring Philadelphia's top ranking artist El Feco B performing original, never before recorded songs over foundation riddims. Over 10 additional Philly artists make appearances on the album.
2007 also saw the official linkup of Zacharijah with artists Ras Mikey and Lion Fiyah, to solidify the Hawaii division of Solomonic. They recently completed the Kings Hi-Way Tour of the west coast, and are busy in the studio and playing events around the islands.
In the year them call Two Thousand and Love, Solomonic is making moves in many different areas. Deciding to bring the legendary Friday sessions to a rest for a while, Thursday nights now showcase a Live Webcast direct from Solomonic in Philly.
Longtime Philly bredrin Dwight has also officially joined us as a selector, and is establishing the first Jamaica extension of Solomonic in the parish of St Thomas, at the The Source Farm ecovillage.
Be sure to check out SolomonicSound.com for current news on all events (Philly, Vermont, Los Angeles, & Honolulu), recorded live dances & studio mixes for purchase and sound system rentals. One.


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Battle through vast lands and against impossible odds in Koei's newest battlefield action game. About 1800 years ago in China, there were three fearless warriors battling for ultimate control over the country: one fought for hegemony, one fought for ambition, and one stood up for righteousness. Veteran warriors who shared the same visions swarmed under each leader.


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Isaiah J. Poole has been the editor of OurFuture.org since 2007. Previously he worked for 25 years in mainstream media, most recently at Congressional Quarterly, where he covered congressional leadership and tracked major bills through Congress. Most of his journalism experience has been in Washington as both a reporter and an editor on topics ranging from presidential politics to pop culture. His work has put him at the front lines of ideological battles between progressives and conservatives. He also served as a founding member of the Washington Association of Black Journalists and the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association.
THIS WEEK: OurFuture.org's Isaiah J. Poole on Bernie Sanders' "democratic socialism" and Republican fear-mongering.
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April 19, 1989 - October 14, 2012
Newburgh, NY
Justin Bradford Doctor, of Newburgh, NY, entered into eternal rest on Sunday, October 14, 2012 at St Luke's Cornwall Hospital, Newburgh, NY. He was 23. The son of John Pierre Balaguer, Sr. and Jacqueline Annette Doctor, he was born in Manhattan, NY on April 19, 1989.
Justin and his family moved to Newburgh, NY when he was just nine months old. He attended the Newburgh Schools. After graduating from Newburgh Free Academy, Justin attended Orange County Community College. He was a business and art major.
Justin is survived by his loving parents, John P. Balaguer, Sr. and Jacqueline A. Doctor; step-mother, Sonia Marie Balaguer; brothers, John Terrell Conard, John Pierre Balaguer, Jr., James Alexander Balaguer and Joseph John Doctor; step-brother, Geovonnie Andre Herring; step-sisters, Mileke Aisha Saunders, and Latasha Marie Lewis; a host of nephews, nieces, cousins, and many friends. He was predeceased by a step-sister, Dyshema Patrice Lewis.
Justin's life, long passion for drawing fed his "entrepreneurial spirit". He and his business partner started their own T-shirt company, Green Thumb. Justin also worked with his father doing various jobs that included helping build houses for Habitat for Humanity. Justin, "J-Doc" was adored by his family, friends and so many who knew and loved him. He will always be remembered for his effervescent smile and loving nature.
"JDoc" will lie in repose 9 to 11 a.m. Saturday, October 27, at Ebenezer Baptist Church, 76 First Street, Newburgh, NY. Services 11 a.m. at the church. Reverend Dr. Bruce Davis officating. Elder Herman Hubbard eulogist.
Professional services entrusted to Rhodes Funeral Homes, 259 Walsh Avenue, New Windsor, NY 12553. "Committed To Being The Very Best". Call us anytime at 569-1233.
Location, ST | website.com


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Protection of the Oppressed
A song of ascents.
1Since my youth they have often attacked me —
let Israel say —
2Since my youth they have often attacked me,
but they have not prevailed against me. #Jr 1:19|NoBook| 20:11
3Plowmen plowed over my back;
they made their furrows long. #Mc 3:12
4The Lord is righteous;
He has cut the ropes of the wicked. #Ps 2:3
5Let all who hate Zion
be driven back in disgrace. #Ps 35:4|NoBook| 70:3|NoBook| 71:13
6Let them be like grass on the rooftops,
which withers before it grows up # Or it can be pulled out #2Kg 19:26Is 37:27
7and can't even fill the hands of the reaper
or the arms of the one who binds sheaves. #Ps 79:12
8Then none who pass by will say,
"May the Lord's blessing be on you."
We bless you in the name of Yahweh. #Ru 2:4Ps 118:26
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|Random regression models on Legendre polynomials to estimate genetic parameters for weights from birth to adult age in Canchim cattle.
MedLine Citation:
|PMID: 20646116 Owner: NLM Status: In-Process
|The objective of this work was to estimate covariance functions for direct and maternal genetic effects, animal and maternal permanent environmental effects, and subsequently, to derive relevant genetic parameters for growth traits in Canchim cattle. Data comprised 49,011 weight records on 2435 females from birth to adult age. The model of analysis included fixed effects of contemporary groups (year and month of birth and at weighing) and age of dam as quadratic covariable. Mean trends were taken into account by a cubic regression on orthogonal polynomials of animal age. Residual variances were allowed to vary and were modelled by a step function with 1, 4 or 11 classes based on animal's age. The model fitting four classes of residual variances was the best. A total of 12 random regression models from second to seventh order were used to model direct and maternal genetic effects, animal and maternal permanent environmental effects. The model with direct and maternal genetic effects, animal and maternal permanent environmental effects fitted by quadric, cubic, quintic and linear Legendre polynomials, respectively, was the most adequate to describe the covariance structure of the data. Estimates of direct and maternal heritability obtained by multi-trait (seven traits) and random regression models were very similar. Selection for higher weight at any age, especially after weaning, will produce an increase in mature cow weight. The possibility to modify the growth curve in Canchim cattle to obtain animals with rapid growth at early ages and moderate to low mature cow weight is limited.
|F Baldi; L G Albuquerque; M M Alencar
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Publication Detail:
|Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Detail:
|Title: Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie Volume: 127 ISSN: 1439-0388 ISO Abbreviation: J. Anim. Breed. Genet. Publication Date: 2010 Aug
Date Detail:
|Created Date: 2010-07-21 Completed Date: - Revised Date: -
Medline Journal Info:
|Nlm Unique ID: 100955807 Medline TA: J Anim Breed Genet Country: Germany
Other Details:
|Languages: eng Pagination: 289-99 Citation Subset: IM
|Animal Science Departament, FCAV, University of São Paulo State, 14884 000, Jaboticabal (SP), Brazil. email@example.com
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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