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Boston Public
As Carol Johnson prepares to step down after six tumultuous years as BostonŌĆÖs superintendent of schools, her job performance has become a central issue in the cityŌĆÖs first competitive mayoral race in a generation. JohnsonŌĆÖs critics portray her as an ineffective and indecisive steward, while her admirers say sheŌĆÖs been an innovative and compassionate leader. So howŌĆÖd she do, really?
Six years ago, after his pick to lead BostonŌĆÖs public school system backed out at the last minute, Mayor Tom Menino launched an intensive search. He wanted a leader who could build on the progress the school district had made during the 11 years that Thomas Payzant had run it, a period when the cityŌĆÖs schools had begun to shrug off the misery that followed the desegregation crisis of the 1970s and everything that had come afterwardŌĆöthe white flight, the urban struggles, the political squabbles. And soon enough he found somebody who seemed to fit the bill exactly: Carol Johnson, whoŌĆÖd built a national reputation running the schools in Minneapolis and Memphis. ŌĆ£SheŌĆÖs truly the person to bring the system to the next level,ŌĆØ Menino said when she first arrived.
But in the fevered life of an urban school system, six years is an eternity, long enough for hope to turn to frustration and encouragement to doubt. Menino is preparing to leave office, and Johnson has just let it be known that she intends to step down. So as BostonŌĆÖs public schools suddenly look toward an unpredictable future, itŌĆÖs worth examining where they are now, and what JohnsonŌĆÖs role has been in shepherding them thereŌĆöespecially because in recent years Johnson has become the target of tough questions from a legion of critics. They take her to task for the departure of a string of high-ranking aides, and for her habit of floating ideas in public before theyŌĆÖve been fully vetted. They point to regular headlines over some screwup or another: the chronically late school buses that drew howls of anger from parents and principals in 2011, or the cafeteria freezers holding food stamped with long-expired ŌĆ£use-byŌĆØ dates. They still take umbrage at her behavior last year, when it was reported that Rodney Peterson, a headmaster at the OŌĆÖBryant School of Mathematics & Science, had been charged with assaulting his wife, and it turned out that Johnson had initially written a letter of support to the judge and overlooked his regular absences from the school. And, in particular, they wonder how effective sheŌĆÖs been at bringing the schools ŌĆ£to the next level.ŌĆØ
Johnson has indeed struggled at times to master the art of selling school improvement in Boston, and has proposed changes sheŌĆÖs been forced to walk back under fire. In 2009 she floated a new plan for changing the schoolsŌĆÖ assignment zones, only to withdraw the proposal after it came under withering criticism for excluding parents, failing to create neighborhood schools, and not providing kids in poor neighborhoods better access to quality schools. To save money, she proposed cutting the districtŌĆÖs longtime practice of busing students to private and parochial schools, only to have the cityŌĆÖs chief legal counsel determine that this would violate state law. The following year, she deliberated publicly for months about closing and merging schools, a process that was gut-wrenching for parents and teachers alike. In 2011, to much hue and cry from teachers, she proposed moving Boston Latin Academy, but then axed the idea when it turned out the space she had in mind wouldnŌĆÖt meet the schoolŌĆÖs needs.
Meanwhile, teachers in the city went for two years without a contract, in no small part because Johnson and the Boston Teachers Union president, Richard Stutman, could not come to terms over JohnsonŌĆÖs insistence that time be added to the school day. When the two sides finally signed a new contract last year, it was missing the extra-time provisions Johnson had sought.
Then thereŌĆÖs this plain fact: Half of the Boston public schools measured by the state are today designated ŌĆ£Level 3,ŌĆØ meaning they perform in the bottom 20 percent of schools statewide. ThatŌĆÖs why the debate this spring over a far-reaching school-assignment revamp grew so heated. Many parents are convinced that their school choices are too limited.
As a result of all this, the public spotlight on Johnson has grown increasingly harsh over the past couple of years. When the school committee, after a series of glowing job reviews, gave her the lackluster equivalent of a ŌĆ£CŌĆØ last year, the Globe columnist Lawrence Harmon was quick to pounce, chiding her for ŌĆ£administrative pratfalls.ŌĆØ The GlobeŌĆÖs editorialists scolded her for ŌĆ£perform[ing] below expectations.ŌĆØ And the public image of BPS has become so precarious that City Councilor John Connolly believes itŌĆÖs a good political strategy to build his current run for mayor around the state of the schools. To listen to the conversation about public education in Boston, youŌĆÖd think it had made barely any progress since those grim days more than two decades ago when Mike Barnicle was deriding the school committee as the ŌĆ£Boston Fool CommitteeŌĆØ and City Councilor James Byrne was grumbling, ŌĆ£No matter what measure you use…itŌĆÖs a bleak and dismal picture.ŌĆØ
But hereŌĆÖs the interesting thing: A close examination of JohnsonŌĆÖs time running BostonŌĆÖs public schools reveals a leader whoŌĆÖs nothing like the caricature thatŌĆÖs recently emerged. Not only are the schools vastly improved since the 1990s, theyŌĆÖre also in undeniably better shape than they were when Johnson took over six years ago. And thatŌĆÖs because, even with her missteps, Johnson has worked quietly and assiduously to address some of the toughest problems urban schools face; sheŌĆÖs built a broad base of civic and community support for academic, arts, and sports programs; and sheŌĆÖs put BPS in a stronger position to compete for the loyalty of BostonŌĆÖs parents.
It certainly hasnŌĆÖt been easyŌĆöwhich is why thereŌĆÖs a plaque hanging over the desk of JohnsonŌĆÖs unflappable assistant, Barbara Connolly, that features a memorable Ross Perot quote. ŌĆ£School reform,ŌĆØ it reads, ŌĆ£is the hardest, meanest, bloodiest thing IŌĆÖve ever tried to do.ŌĆØ
Johnson, who is 65, grew up in Brownsville, Tennessee, a small town about 60 miles northeast of Memphis. Her mother taught elementary school, and her father owned a barbershop and a pool hall. She was the third of nine children, a serious kid devoted to church and her studies.
The schools in Brownsville were segregated, so Johnson, who is African American, got an early lesson in how school systems can tilt the playing field against their students. She and her classmates were issued textbooks stamped ŌĆ£Obsolete,ŌĆØ hand-me-downs from the white schools in the area. Kindergarten was reserved for the white kids. ŌĆ£We were very aware that there were different districts, one for white kids, one for black kids,ŌĆØ she says. ŌĆ£Though I donŌĆÖt think we perseverated on it. We just focused on getting our best done.ŌĆØ
JohnsonŌĆÖs voice still hints at her upbringing in the South, but as a professional sheŌĆÖs very much a product of where she moved after college: Minneapolis. She and her husband, Matthew, who died this past March, raised their three children there. She began her career in education there, as a substitute teacher in the second and third grades. ItŌĆÖs where she decided, almost on a whim, to accompany a colleague to some graduate education classes at the University of MinnesotaŌĆöand wound up earning a doctorate in school administration. And itŌĆÖs where, in 1997, she landed her first high-profile job, as superintendent of the Minneapolis schools.
The system she took on was ailing academically. The year before, 91 percent of black eighth graders in the district had failed MinnesotaŌĆÖs basic skills test. Johnson added all-day kindergarten and converted junior highs into KŌĆō8 and 6ŌĆō8 schools, to give kids greater stability. She pressed to improve teacher training and made it easier to reward good performance or fire teachers who didnŌĆÖt improve. Perhaps most important, she began rebuilding the schoolsŌĆÖ public image, not only reversing the business communityŌĆÖs opposition to boosting the schools tax, but also raising millions of dollars for arts and music education. She even asked a member of PrinceŌĆÖs entourage to approach the rock star for a donation. ŌĆ£Prince graduated from one of our high schools,ŌĆØ she explained to the man, ŌĆ£and I really think he should understand what it means to give back to our kids.ŌĆØ Within a week, a $20,000 check arrived.
As test scores within the city began to improve, JohnsonŌĆÖs national stature grew. In 2001 Nashville made a serious play to woo her south. She wound up staying in Minneapolis, returning a raise that the cityŌĆÖs school board had offered in its effort to keep her. But when Memphis came calling two years later, she accepted. Not only would she be close to family, but the district was more than twice the size of MinneapolisŌĆÖs, unarguably a step up in the specialized world of big-city school superintendents.
It was also ingrown and filled with failing schools. Johnson took dramatic steps to change that. She replaced principals in the worst-performing schools, forcing the teachers there to reapply for their jobs, and then brought in a slew of new principals elsewhere. ŌĆ£We need principals who know what high-quality instruction looks like,ŌĆØ she explained, ŌĆ£and how to work with teams of teachers to achieve it.ŌĆØ She gave bonuses to teachers who improved test scores, grades, and attendanceŌĆötheir studentsŌĆÖ and their own. And she took on the cityŌĆÖs powerful religious establishment in a fight to end paddling in the schools. In a religion-drenched city, with churches as common as convenience stores, she won by a single vote on the nine-member school board.
It was JohnsonŌĆÖs staunch willingness to roil the waters on behalf of improving schools that in 2007 caught the eye of Mayor Menino and the committee searching for a replacement for Thomas Payzant, whoŌĆÖd stepped down the year before. Payzant had worked closely and effectively with BostonŌĆÖs power structure, but he had been criticized for not connecting with parents, neighborhoods, and community groups. Johnson, on the other hand, had proven she could appeal to a broad cross section of people in the communities sheŌĆÖd worked in, from corporate CEOs to community leaders to parents and teachers. ŌĆ£She values relationships first,ŌĆØ says Brenda Cassellius, MinnesotaŌĆÖs education commissioner, who worked for Johnson in Minneapolis and Memphis. ŌĆ£She has a way of gaining peopleŌĆÖs trust.ŌĆØ
In both cities, Johnson had paid special attention to engaging kids of color who werenŌĆÖt doing well. She emphasized teacher training, and used music and the arts to try to overcome the stubborn ŌĆ£achievement gapŌĆØ that separates black and Latino kids, especially boys, from their white and Asian peers. The approach resonated with the search committee here in Boston, with its overwhelmingly minority school population. ŌĆ£It was part of the reason she was so attractive,ŌĆØ a former member of the committee says. ŌĆ£SheŌĆÖd clearly thought about it in the cities where she worked.ŌĆØ
Johnson turned down several requests to apply for the job, but eventually came to see Boston as a city with the resources and, more important, the civic infrastructure to make a difference. In August 2007, she took over the cityŌĆÖs schools.
The top brass at BPS work downtown, on the seventh floor of a city-owned building on Court Street, an alleyŌĆÖs walk away from City Hall. (TheyŌĆÖre slated to move next year to Dudley Square, in Roxbury.) District employees occupy six floors in all, a warren of offices and blue-green cubicles with fans spinning overhead and faintly salmon-colored paint peeling off the beams and ductwork. From there, some 270 people oversee an $857 million organization with 11,000 employees districtwide.
It is a sprawling operation, responsible for tasks that go far beyond teaching. Each day, BPS must transport 30,000 kids to and from school, and serve about 70,000 breakfasts, lunches, and snacks. Its employees train teachers to work with English-language learners and to meet the needs of special-ed students. They manage the curriculum, run the school-assignment algorithm, and triage requests from the schools: a reading specialist here, a special-ed instructor there. They field daily, if not hourly, calls from principals asking for everything from new furniture to curriculum advice. They run the districtŌĆÖs increasingly complex efforts to use student and school data to improve performance, analyze the constant shifts in student population, and design better methods for evaluating teachers. They scramble to find volunteers who can bring arts and music programming into the schools, and strategize new ways of involving parents in BPSŌĆÖs work. They calculate how to respond to the ebb and flow of federal, state, and municipal dollars that keep the system and its myriad programs alive.
ŌĆ£I canŌĆÖt think of another institution that has as many moving parts as public education in the big cities,ŌĆØ says Michael Casserly, the executive director of the Council of the Great City Schools, an umbrella organization for large urban school districts. ŌĆ£ItŌĆÖs a volatile stew.ŌĆØ
Especially in a city like Boston, where the student population in public schools is 42 percent Hispanic, 35 percent black, 13 percent white, and 8 percent Asian, and almost half the students speak a language other than English at home. Many students live in poverty, and 78 percent are eligible for free and reduced-price meals, a rough indicator of low family income. Some 11,000 of the districtŌĆÖs 57,000 students (58,271 next year) have been placed in one of its varied special-ed streams.
The challenges of JohnsonŌĆÖs job, however, are not limited to overseeing schools that teach a diverse and often challenging student body. She and her staff also devote considerable energy to satisfying the demands of the school committee and of Mayor Menino, who has made the school system key to his policy agenda. They need to work with the city council, whose members control the budget and are often the first call for unhappy parents. They also have to work with the cityŌĆÖs delegation in the state legislature, to whom both Menino and Johnson have turned in recent years as theyŌĆÖve tried to sidestep the teachers union and gain greater flexibility for school administrators. ThereŌĆÖs the union itself, along with its hard-nosed president, Richard Stutman, who has negotiated unsparingly over such issues as extended learning time and teacher evaluation. And, of course, there is a vocal community of parents, ready to pack school committee meetings, often skeptical about BPSŌĆÖs intentions, and many of them with their own complex memories of the school system: They were the kids on the buses and the kids whose parents yanked them from the buses during the desegregation crisis of the 1970s.
Next year will mark the 40th anniversary of Judge W. Arthur Garrity Jr.ŌĆÖs ruling that BostonŌĆÖs neighborhood-centered schools were intentionally segregated, and his order that the school committee use busing to desegregate them. Though the vitriol of those days and the flight of white families who couldnŌĆÖt afford to send their kids to private or parochial schools are now just memories, the aftereffects are not: a charged tug of war between those who want a return to neighborhood schools and those who fear that this would just reinstitutionalize the inequities that busing never really remedied. ThatŌĆÖs why the debate over this yearŌĆÖs new school-assignment planŌĆöarrived at by a diverse task force appointed by MeninoŌĆöwas so fraught. ItŌĆÖs also why the final proposal, a complex algorithm developed by the MIT doctoral student Peng Shi, drew such strong support from Johnson and her team. For the first time in Boston, students will be assigned to school based on both geography and quality.
In many respects, the intense politics around BostonŌĆÖs schools have had one other key impact: TheyŌĆÖve nurtured a demanding, engaged audience of people outside the system who follow it intently. A host of advocacy groups lobby regularly or stand ready to litigateŌĆöas with last yearŌĆÖs lawsuit by Massachusetts Advocates for Children over the districtŌĆÖs special-education policy. But the cityŌĆÖs rich civic ecosystem also presents great opportunity, and Johnson has unabashedly created a broad base of community partners to expand possibilities for students: the glittering roster of notables spearheading an expansion of arts and music in the schools; the Boston Debate League, which has spurred some 600 students to devote afterschool hours and entire Saturdays to learning how to demolish opponents in argument; the CEO of Suffolk Construction, John Fish, who created the Boston Scholar Athlete Program to boost both athletics and athletesŌĆÖ academic performance; and the Boston Private Industry CouncilŌĆÖs executive director, Neil Sullivan, who partnered with BPS in a groundbreaking drive to bring high school dropouts back into the system.
ŌĆ£No one person can do it alone,ŌĆØ Johnson says. ŌĆ£You need the political leadership of somebody like the mayor. You need strong community and parent voices. You need business leaders willing to invest. You need community partners like the Boston Debate League. You need the teachers and principals and support staff in schools. People think that all they have to do is hire one person [as superintendent] and the work is done. And thatŌĆÖs so far from the truth.ŌĆØ
Johnson views public schools as the countryŌĆÖs extended hand to children who need a lift. In speeches, she likes to pull out Horace MannŌĆÖs rousing quote about education as the ŌĆ£great equalizer of the conditions of menŌĆöthe balance-wheel of the social machinery.ŌĆØ To function that way, Johnson says, schools must push kids from disadvantaged backgrounds so that they, like kids whose parents have the resources to get them music lessons or math tutoring, have an opportunity to excel. ŌĆ£The question for us,ŌĆØ she says, ŌĆ£is can we reduce the likelihood that we can predict student outcomes by poverty and ZIP codes?ŌĆØ
Johnson is legendary for the hours she keeps. ŌĆ£I say sheŌĆÖs not human, because I rarely see her eat, and she never stops,ŌĆØ says her former spokesman, Matt Wilder. SheŌĆÖs at meetings or in touch with her staff before the first schools open at 7:30. At night, after going home at 10 p.m. or later, she gets on the phone, sends emails, or reads one of the hundreds of reports and studies that give each flat surface in her office its own Alpine topography. In between, she runs a nonstop gauntlet of public meetings, gatherings with key staff members, trips to the mayorŌĆÖs office, school visits, media interviews about the latest controversy, sit-downs with civic groups or potential donors, school concerts in far-flung corners of the city, face-offs with politicians, and community meetings. And thatŌĆÖs just if the day goes as itŌĆÖs supposed to.
This constant motion can at times seem frenzied, and it has contributed to a perception that Johnson seems caught off-guard by problems that suddenly come to public attention. That was the case in 2009, for instance, when BPS revealed that a routine state review had found some 42 percent of its English-language learners were not getting the services they were entitled to, leading to inquiries by the U.S. Department of Justice and Department of Education into English-language instruction for non-native speakers.
The publicity was intensely embarrassing, but the problems actually preceded JohnsonŌĆöthey began in 2002, after Massachusetts voters approved dismantling bilingual education for English-language learners. Moreover, prodded by a school-committee task force and a study spearheaded by UMass Boston, Johnson had begun to address them by the time the federal departments announced their investigations. ThatŌĆÖs because sheŌĆÖd quickly understood that the issue cut to the heart of what she was trying to achieve in Boston. ŌĆ£Forty-six percent of our students come from households where English is not the first language,ŌĆØ she says, ŌĆ£and we will never make progress if we ignore the needs of half the students in the district.ŌĆØ In 2010 the district reached a settlement with the Justice and Education departments that essentially endorsed its effortsŌĆöbegun the year beforeŌĆöto offer more services to English-language learners and to overhaul how teachers are trained to work with them.
Some of the harshest criticism during JohnsonŌĆÖs tenure has focused on school buses running late, which became a problem in 2010 and an all-out crisis in the fall of 2011. Thousands of kids were getting to school after classes had started, which meant they were missing breakfast. At the peak of the calamity, some students werenŌĆÖt getting home until after bedtime. Furious parents deluged JohnsonŌĆÖs and MeninoŌĆÖs offices with phone calls and formed ad hoc monitoring groups to stand out in front of schoolyards each morning and document what was going on. Teachers and principals faced weary, hungry kids in their classrooms. At a meeting of principals to discuss the problem, BPSŌĆÖs assistant chief operating officer, Kim Rice, earnestly handed out soft balls and invited the assembled administrators to vent their frustration by throwing them at her.
While the problems were caused by what Rice called a ŌĆ£perfect stormŌĆØ of events, the initial trigger for the mess was the retirement of a group of BPS transportation veterans, who took with them four decades of bus-routing mastery. ŌĆ£They had an encyclopedic knowledge of the streets and the city,ŌĆØ says Mike Hughes, the assistant director of transportation, who started at the same time many of them did. ŌĆ£They knew what was one-way, whatŌĆÖs two-way, whatŌĆÖs dead-end, how long does it take to get from here to there, can you get a full-size bus down that street or do you need to use a small bus.ŌĆØ Anticipating their disappearance, the district brought in a new computerized routing system to do what theyŌĆÖd been able to do in their headsŌĆöat the same time that budget cuts resulted in fewer buses and stops, and the consolidation and overhauling of routes. The new system created routes and schedules that, as Rice says, ŌĆ£according to the way it looked on maps, should have worked.ŌĆØ They didnŌĆÖt.
While Johnson was getting pilloried in public for the problems, behind the scenes she was creating room for Rice and her team to sort things out. Rice began a series of ŌĆ£route clinicsŌĆØ at each of the four bus yards, listening to bus driversŌĆÖ complaints and soliciting suggestions. It soon became clear that the issues extended beyond the BPS transportation office. Johnson brought this up with Menino, who, one Sunday morning, called up his troubleshooter, the cityŌĆÖs deputy chief operating officer, Pat Harrington, and told him, ŌĆ£Carol needs helpŌĆöcan you go over?ŌĆØ Harrington didŌĆöand, to his surprise, was given carte blanche by Johnson to do whatever he felt was necessary. Along with Rice and her senior staff, he began showing up at the bus yards at 4 or 4:30 each school morning, both to get a handle on what was happening there and to impart a sense of urgency to the drivers and to the managers at First Student, the bus contractor, who both Harrington and Rice felt were not focused enough on improving things.
While all of this was going on, Johnson took a creative gamble. She tapped a young former Peace Corps volunteer, Carl Allen, to take over the districtŌĆÖs transportation office. Allen, who at the time was working as part of the BPS data team, had studied transportation economics at the Kennedy School, but he had no real management experience. Allen plunged into the intricacies of what it takes to bus a dozen kids from the same block to a dozen different schools that start and end at different times, bringing an intensely data-driven approach to his work. He rejiggered routes and schedules. He was constantly on the phone with First Student, noting when a driver was late and asking what they planned to do about it. And in the detailed daily reports he sentŌĆöand still sendsŌĆöto Johnson, the on-time percentages crept up, from 76 percent to the current figure of 96 to 97 percent.
The quality Johnson is most likely to be remembered for in Boston is the highly personal touch sheŌĆÖs brought to her work. On her excursions to the well-appointed offices of white-collar Boston, she unfailingly greets custodians and waitstaff. When she visits a school she makes a point of wandering around a classroom, asking students where theyŌĆÖre from, what theyŌĆÖre learning, and what their plans are for the future. If thereŌĆÖs a child working a bit apart from the others, sheŌĆÖll invariably go over to say hello. This past January, when Governor Deval Patrick announced his education initiative at the Orchard Gardens KŌĆō8 School, in Roxbury, Johnson was supposed to be part of the scrum standing behind him for the television cameras. When Patrick began to speak, the various officials dutifully gathered aroundŌĆöexcept for Johnson. She was huddled on the edge of the crowd with two of the teachers whose kids had just performed for the governor, laughing about what had gone into preparing them for that day. That same month, after Gabriel Clarke, an eighth grader at the Curley KŌĆō8 School, in Jamaica Plain, was shot one evening while on his way to choir practice, Johnson quietly went to visit him and his mother in the hospital.
Even her adversaries admire her personal skills. ŌĆ£She is a kind person who cares very much about the school system,ŌĆØ says Richard Stutman, the union president. ŌĆ£SheŌĆÖs kid-friendly. SheŌĆÖs compassionate. And sheŌĆÖs a good human being.ŌĆØ
That said, both Stutman and City Councilor John Connolly, who is probably JohnsonŌĆÖs most prominent critic, believe she is out of her depth. In an interview, Stutman uncharacteristically refused to criticize JohnsonŌĆÖs management style directly, but he hasnŌĆÖt always been so circumspect. ŌĆ£They are so tentative, the slightest flicker or breeze changes their mind,ŌĆØ he fumed to the Globe a couple of years ago about Johnson and her team. ŌĆ£ItŌĆÖs a terrible and ineffective way to run a school system.ŌĆØ
Connolly, who doesnŌĆÖt see eye to eye with Stutman very often, agrees. ŌĆ£I think overall itŌĆÖs been a pretty weak performance,ŌĆØ he says. ŌĆ£She has faults when it comes to management of the system. Over time we continue to see a failure to implement a long-term strategic plan, and the schools seem constantly mired in crisis mode and reaction mode.ŌĆØ
Almost since Johnson took over, sheŌĆÖs had a habit of making proposals that, as with the 2009 school-assignment redo, sheŌĆÖs had to pull back when they proved too controversial, or that werenŌĆÖt as thoroughly vetted as they should have been. Her proposal to move the prestigious Boston Latin Academy is a case in point. It was part of a larger shuffle intended to create additional space at successful high schools, but it turned out that JohnsonŌĆÖs staff hadnŌĆÖt taken into account the schoolŌĆÖs priorities for how it scheduled classes, and so had miscalculated how much room it would need. For all its good intentions, the incident struck even admirers as tone-deaf. ŌĆ£The icons of the school system are the exam schools,ŌĆØ says Paul Grogan, the president and CEO of the Boston Foundation. ŌĆ£TheyŌĆÖre one of the few things that keep middle-class families in the city and sending their kids. You canŌĆÖt just make an announcement that youŌĆÖre moving one.ŌĆØ
Yet JohnsonŌĆÖs willingness to change tack in public also has its defenders. ŌĆ£SheŌĆÖs not afraid to go public before sheŌĆÖs figured things out,ŌĆØ says Neil Sullivan, the Boston Private Industry CouncilŌĆÖs executive director. ŌĆ£We can all have an opinion on whether thatŌĆÖs a good or a bad thing. But you could say thatŌĆÖs how youŌĆÖre authentic in seeking a community response: You donŌĆÖt try to figure it all out before you allow people to react.ŌĆØ
Vetting ideas in public is not easy. Late in 2010, Johnson floated a series of proposals to close, merge, expand, and move schools. In part, she was driven by a conviction that students in poorly performing schools would be better off if they were moved to better schools. And in part, her calculation was financial. The district had some 5,400 empty seats, costing roughly $4,000 each, and with the state licensing new charter schools it seemed unlikely theyŌĆÖd be filled anytime soon. The sudden influx of 1,000 new students with special-ed diagnoses in the earliest grades that caught school officials by surprise in 2012 wasnŌĆÖt anywhere on the horizon.
Many parents were pleased with the changes, since low-performing schools were merged with better ones, while popular and higher-performing schools, like the Boston Arts Academy and Fenway High, got room to add more seats. But parents with kids in the schools facing closure, like the Agassiz, in Jamaica Plain, packed community meetings to protest. Parents in Mission Hill, meanwhile, objected bitterly and vocally to the well-liked Mission Hill KŌĆō8 SchoolŌĆÖs moving across town to take over the old Agassiz space. On the December night that the school committee voted to approve the reshuffling, a packed, restive audience repeatedly booed and heckled Johnson as she read her explanation aloud. ŌĆ£You are robbing our future by closing our school!ŌĆØ one student yelled. ŌĆ£Shame on you!ŌĆØ parents shouted at the school committee after its vote.
Johnson is philosophical about the brickbats that have come her way. ŌĆ£How can you feel under attack,ŌĆØ she muses, ŌĆ£when people come to talk about their children? They come out because they want their kids to get the best education possible. ThatŌĆÖs admirable! ItŌĆÖs exactly what you want them to do.ŌĆØ And as bruising as vetting ideas in public can be, Johnson considers it not just part of her job, but a crucial part. ŌĆ£That is the work,ŌĆØ she says. ŌĆ£Ideally, you want to elevate community discussions so that people are so involved and committed that they own the outcome.ŌĆØ
There are still parents rankled by the closings fight. But the system as a whole is better off because of the mergers and closings, insists John McDonough, the school districtŌĆÖs longtime chief financial officer. ŌĆ£We couldnŌĆÖt afford to keep on paying for 5,400 empty seats,ŌĆØ he says. Schools that benefited from new space, like the Boston Community Leadership Academy and New Mission High School, have seen their popularity and waiting lists grow. And itŌĆÖs worth noting that the next big initiativeŌĆöthis yearŌĆÖs revamp of the districtŌĆÖs broken student-assignment processŌĆöinvolved one long public process. Johnson learns from her experiences.
Whatever her ups and downs, Johnson has had the steady backing of the one political figure who has counted most: Mayor Menino, with whom she talks several times a week. He publicly backed Johnson through the Rodney Peterson imbroglio and the school-closings fracas. He made the highly fraught school-assignment overhaul a joint endeavor, throwing his political weight behind the effort while JohnsonŌĆÖs team provided the data and technical support. Last year, when she began traveling back to Memphis regularly to care for her ill husband, Menino filled in for her at public events. After he fell ill, she returned the favor. ŌĆ£The mayor feels extremely close to her,ŌĆØ says Martha Pierce, MeninoŌĆÖs education adviser. ŌĆ£TheyŌĆÖre each otherŌĆÖs biggest champion. And he trusts her in her decision-making.ŌĆØ
There have been times, naturally, when MeninoŌĆÖs political interests have shown. School-quality advocates speculate that MeninoŌĆÖs initial focus on boosting neighborhood schools through the new assignment process was an attempt to outflank John Connolly on the issue. Among mayoral politics watchers, MeninoŌĆÖs recent announcement that the city is buying a North End building for a new school was seen as a move to blunt ConnollyŌĆÖs criticism that the district has no strategic facilities planŌĆöthough it is also true that parents living in and around downtown have been agitating for several years for a new school. Connolly, for his part, accuses the mayor ofŌĆēŌĆ£pulling the rug outŌĆØ from under the schools in the two-year-long negotiations over a new teachersŌĆÖ contract. Connolly is especially frustrated that the contract did not include the extended-day provisions Johnson had long insisted upon. Menino ŌĆ£didnŌĆÖt push the envelope,ŌĆØ Connolly says. Johnson points out that the schools did get two out of the ŌĆ£three big thingsŌĆØ they wanted in negotiations. The principals now have new flexibility in hiring and a more-robust teacher-evaluation process, which gives them more power in dealing with underperforming teachers.
The simple truth is this: In the years since Johnson took over, the schools have made measurable progress. The four-year graduation rate for BPS students is now 66 percent, the highest level ever recorded by BPS. Dropouts have fallen from a high of 9.4 percent in the 2006 to 2007 school year to around 6 percent in the 2010 to 2011 school year. BostonŌĆÖs average eighth-grade math score on the National Assessment of Educational Progress in 2011 was well ahead of the big-city average and on par with the national average. MCAS scores have been going up. Arts and music are now at least a weekly event for 14,000 students. Summer-learning programs are thriving. There are still 48 Level 3 schools in Boston, but thatŌĆÖs down from 68 a few years ago. A series of strong principals have taken schools that were once at the bottom of the heap and propelled them forward, while others have turned schools that were doing okay into ones with long waiting lists. Enrollment next year will be the highest itŌĆÖs been in eight years.
There is no question that the district has a ways to travel. ŌĆ£I talk about the dentist,ŌĆØ says Carleton Jones, BPSŌĆÖs facilities chief, who led the technical-support team for the school-assignment remake. ŌĆ£I donŌĆÖt want to have a dentist whoŌĆÖs ŌĆśgetting better.ŌĆÖ I want a dentist whoŌĆÖs proficient.ŌĆØ
Getting there requires progress on a bewildering array of fronts, and that progress has already begun. Johnson and Menino are pursuing legislation that would build on the 2010 law that gave BPS the right to create its own charter schools. This time, they hope to give school administrators throughout the system greater flexibility on hiring and firing, curriculum, and work rules. Johnson has also been a steadfast advocate not only of creating a ŌĆ£portfolioŌĆØ of schools with the freedom to pursue educational innovation, but also of working with state-chartered schools. ŌĆ£The thing that Carol gets,ŌĆØ Paul Grogan says, ŌĆ£is that without the external pressure from charters, you canŌĆÖt change the system.ŌĆØ Johnson has also taken a few small but crucial steps that show up directly in classrooms, such as adding literacy coaches and teacher training to focus on reading in the early grades, championing arts education, and pressing non-exam middle schools and KŌĆō8s to make sure eighth-grade students get to study algebra.
Some of JohnsonŌĆÖs longest-lasting contributions will come from several under-the-radar changes she has steered through. The farthest-reaching is ŌĆ£weighted student funding,ŌĆØ a budgeting reform designed by John McDonough and his former deputy, Seth Racine. Schools no longer get money based on their programming. Instead, their budgets depend on how many and what kinds of students they have. Schools with a greater number of English-language learners, special-ed students, and kids from poor families get more. They have an incentive, in other words, to recruit the students who need the most help, rather than shunning them. The entire system, McDonough says, is also more focused on how to attract and serve students in an era of stiff competition from charters. ŌĆ£We went from just the mayor and superintendent being concerned about our competitive advantage,ŌĆØ he says, ŌĆ£to 128 school leaders who now need to fight for every student in the city.ŌĆØ
Similarly, BPS has put great effort into making data on every child available to every school administrator and every teacher. Schools can now start delving into the numbers to see where individual students need academic help. And the district can better understand which factorsŌĆöa schoolŌĆÖs culture of teacher collaboration, more time well-used in the school day, summer school, support for kids with difficult home lives, the rigorous tracking of each childŌĆömove the needle for everyone.
As she prepares to leave Boston, Johnson has no plans to seek another school system to oversee. ŌĆ£There are so many things you can do other than being superintendent to help kids learn,ŌĆØ she says. ŌĆ£IŌĆÖm sure there will be other ways for me to serve.ŌĆØ
But that probably wonŌĆÖt stop other cities from knocking on her door. ŌĆ£She is enormously popular personally,ŌĆØ Michael Casserly says, ŌĆ£and profoundly respected for her experience, her academic expertise, her thoughtfulness and sense of strategy, and her ability to work well with others.ŌĆØ When other cities look at where BostonŌĆÖs schools are now, he adds, they like what they see. ŌĆ£ItŌĆÖs something Boston probably doesnŌĆÖt know, in the midst of all the little day-to-day fights it has. But the truth is that any city in the country would love to have her.ŌĆØ
Source URL: http://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/article/2013/04/25/boston-public-schools-superintendent-carol-johnson/


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In 1990, the year Gardner Taylor retired from preaching, Lee Strobel began to preach. By that time, Taylor had pastored historic Concord Baptist Church in New York City for 42 years. Today at 77 he still preaches almost every weekend, while Strobel regularly fills the Plexiglas pulpit at Willow Creek Community Church in South Barrington, Illinois.
Taylor preached in a heyday of American preaching, when New York City pulpits were filled with the likes of George Buttrick, Robert McCracken, Fulton Sheen--and Gardner Taylor. In 1980 "Time" magazine declared him "dean of the nation's black preachers." The "Christian Century" recently quipped, "What was once alleged of Southern Baptist preacher Carlyle Marney may equally be said of Taylor: he has a voice like God's--only deeper."
Throughout his ministry Taylor's love of preaching was surpassed only by his love for Laura, his wife of 52 years. "I sometimes see her lying in repose now," he said, "and a great sadness comes over me because I know one of us must leave the other. But what can we do?"
Last February, several weeks after those words were published, Laura was struck and killed in a crosswalk by a city truck.
"My wife's passing," says Taylor now, "has given me a far larger confidence in the future life."
Before Lee Strobel began preaching, he earned a master's degree from Yale Law School and then became an award-winning reporter for the Chicago Tribune. The prototype Unchurched Harry, he began attending Willow Creek and moved from confessed atheist and irreligious journalist to a fully devoted follower of Jesus Christ.
Eventually Strobel joined the staff of Willow Creek and now serves as a teaching pastor; he, Bill Hybels, and two others share the responsibility of preaching to ...
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22 Music Lists Found Mentioning LasersTitleBulldog's Top 5 Hip-hop Albums Of 2011, 1st Edition 2011 First Quarter Best Hip Hop Lp's (1/4) 2011 Hip Hop Ranked So...which Game Wins? Your Favorite Moments In Music 2011 Hip Hop Trying To Broaden My Musical Horizons (with Free Library Cds) A 20 Piece of Hip Hop with Fries Top 10 Most Disappointing Albums Of 2011 Q1 2011 Daylight Savings Rap In 2011 Albums I Like But Others Hate What's Wrong With You People? March Bitches!! L.a.s.e.r.s Looking For Some Recs My Top 10 Most Anticipated Albums For 2011 New Music The Great Debate... March Ranked Counter Hegemonic 0
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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- Other Operating Systems (5)
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Automated Submission of hospital insuarance claims online, and verification and validtion of Health Insuarance membership status
Presidential Challenge
President's Challenge physical fitness scoring program, enter raw data and this calculates the results.1 weekly downloads
point of sales software
Londonpos Point of sales order processing system is a system to take orders. Post codes show up, daily sales records, caller id system, upto 5 numbers per customers, website integrated order system, map system integrated, sales records, inventory etc
Easy as NAT -Open WiFi Bandwidth Sharing
Our aim is providing fixed nodes with redundancy, share unused bandwidth, and create hotspots with base services(web,email,IM,etc.) for any roaming user. GOAL - To make sharing your excess bandwidth as easy as setting up a NAT (Or XP ICS). Admins Needed!
BeGaimed: An Instant Messenger based on Gaim(.sf.net) with the bluetooth capabilaties based on Bemused(.sf.net). Just a messenger for your phone sitting on your sofa using your pc with bluetooth and adsl/cable(or any other internetconnection)


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SDA Meeting Features Former Honeywell CEO
Published November 11, 2005
Related Searches: international • hair • soap • chief •
The Soap and Detergent Association's (SDA) 2003 annual meeting and industry convention, to be held Jan. 29-Feb. 2, 2003 at the Boca Raton Resort & Club, will present the program, "Getting Things Done." Highlights include speakers Honeywell International retired chairman and chief executive officer Larry Bossidy, syndicated columnist and talk show host Heloise, an SDA issues briefing and a Mardi Gras "barrage" dinner. More info: www.cleaning101.com.
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Phone: (203) 797-4528
E-mail Us
170 Main Street
Danbury, CT 06810
The next teen book discussion will be on Thursday, November 19th from 5:30 to 6:30 in the Craft Corner on the 2nd floor Junior Library. We will discuss "Raven Boysl" by Maggie Stiefvater. The first 12 to sign up will receive a free copy of the book.
For as long as Blue can remember, Blue has been warned that she will cause her true love to die. She never thought this would be a problem. But now, as her life becomes caught up in the strange and sinister world of the Raven Boys, she's not so sure anymore. This story is about the need to connect with others and the need to isolate at the same time
"Raven Boys" is an eerie thriller that follows 5 teens as they search for the supernatural and themselves.
Don't forget to browse the NEW book selection in Fiction and Non-Fiction.
Sign-up for free by using your Danbury Library Card. Download eBooks with OverDrive and streaming TV and Movies and audiobooks with Hoopla. It's free, easy and you can access from any device. There are also non-fiction books available at eSebco Library, and OneClickDigital.
The reading lists are available in the library along with the books for each grade. You can check the catalog to determine if the book you want is checked out. And don't forget to look at our new fiction and nonfiction books. Your reading lists are "suggested" titles. You can read anything as long as it is parent approved.


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1995 BMW 325i • 6 cylinder 2WD Automatic • 211,100 miles
I have a 1995 325i that will crank but won't fire up. I also have a code on the onboard computer of "tail light failure." A friend told me that it could be a faulty brake light switch, due to the fact that the tail lights still work. I replaced that switch, no help. I pulled the back seat and the cover for the fuel pump and had someone turn the power on without starting and heard nothing out of the fuel pump (no pressure build up). I checked the fuse and it is fine (15A fuse). Don't know where to go from here.
Oh, I was told by the previous owner that the fuel pump has already been replaced once.
Oh, I was told by the previous owner that the fuel pump has already been replaced once.
January 22, 2011.
January 22, 2011.
Go to this link: http://www.2carpros.com/articles/car-cranks-but-wont-start
Jan 22, 2011.
Jan 22, 2011.
Crank no start can be a dead fuel pump. Try spraying some brake clean or some gasoline into the throttle body, if it fires, it is probably the pump. The light bulbs all need to be inspected and if any are the brass base type, they need to be changed to the silver base ones like BMW sells, the brass ones will turn that light on. Also check all the connections for heat damage or corrosion.
I read on a BMW forum that it could be a crank position sensor. Is there any kind of bench test to tell if that has gone bad? I say this because the check engine light on the dash doesn't go away while cranking, which I am told means its not receiving a signal.
The crank sensor on that model is a passive diffusion type sensor that generates an alternating current voltage, it should be possible to see it generate voltage on a digital multi meter. Did you try my previous suggestion?
I'll check all the bulbs per your suggestion. As for the spraying into the throttle body, my dad and I tried that once before and it almost fired up. Nothing solid to go on tho.
Is there a way to power the fuel pump separately from the car's power to see if it is indeed the pump or if it a power supply issue (caused by bad crank position sensor)? I can't afford to spend almost 300 on a pump to replace one that might still be good.
Power the violet/green stripe wire at the connector, that will run the pump. If it is the pump, let me know, I know where a much cheaper pump can be obtained.
Where is and how do I replace a fuel pump on a 1996 Taurus GL?
1 answer • 1996 Ford Taurus • 170,000 miles
Fuel pump replacement on a 1998 jeep Grand Cherokee Laredo. The tank is removed need help from there. thanks
1 answer • 1998 Jeep Laredo


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- Product 473471
LP Galaxy Series Fiberglass Conga with Gold Hardware
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LP Galaxy Series Fiberglass Congas Reinforced with KevlarThe inside upper half of the drum, where the greatest stress occurs, is reinforced with Kevl...Read More
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The inside upper half of the drum, where the greatest stress occurs, is reinforced with Kevlar fiber, the bullet-proof vest material that is two times stronger than steel. In addition, each fiberglass shell has a steel ring embedded in the bearing (top) edge for added strength.Hand selected, rawhide heads
LP Galaxy Fiberglass Congas feature hand selected, rawhide heads. The heavy duty hardware has a gold tone finish. It includes 3/8" diameter tuning lugs, and reinforced LP Heart Side Plates, each secured with three bolts and a backing plate.Exclusive LP Galaxy glitter finish
The exclusive LP Galaxy glitter finish is a space age sparkle that defracts light into a spectral effect which dances under stage lighting. Shell Protectors
Each LP Galaxy Fiberglass drum comes complete with LP Galaxy ProCare Integrated Shell Protectors that prevent the side plate hardware from marking or damaging adjacent drums. This new compact design offers maximum protection without detracting from the drum's beauty. An accessory pouch, a tuning wrench and LP Lug Lube are also included.
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Comments about LP Galaxy Series Fiberglass Conga with Gold Hardware:
I have played the Patato, Original, and Galaxy congas. There all great, but the best is the Galaxy. First I love the look, it has sparkles with the gold heavy duty hardware. The most important reason is the open tone and slaps. The slaps are easy and the open tones sound warmer then the Patato and Original congas. The drums are very responsive, you don't need to play hard to get a sound. The tones are bright, maybe not as much as the Patato, but bright nonetheless. This drum is the king of the fiberglass congas.
Comments about LP Galaxy Series Fiberglass Conga with Gold Hardware:
They are expensive. Yes. But you get what you pay for and these congas can't be matched by any other.Tones are beautiful and resonate perfectly and the slaps are incredible. I have had these for over 4 years and wouldn't trade/buy any other instrument.


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Thankyou VERY much TigerTaco! This info will be helpfull in my starting up a business.
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Searching for a New Ford F-150, Escape, Focus, Explorer or Mustang in Kissimmee?
Mullinax Ford of Kissimmee proudly offers all of the Ford models drivers from Orlando, Celebration, Poinciana, Davenport and Saint Cloud crave
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Take our onsite car service and maintenance, for example. Dedicated to keeping your car looking and running 'like new,' our expert staff will take every step possible to protect your automotive investment. In the case that something does go wrong, our mechanics will work quickly to get you back on the road as soon as possible. With service like this, it's no wonder drivers count on the Ford experts in Kissimmee.


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Quite a lot of death and destruction.....
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September 4 2012, 02:52 PM
Re: Quite a lot of death and destruction.....
Christopher wrote:
^There were instances of planetary genocide in TOS, such as "Operation: Annihilate!," "The Changeling," and "The Immunity Syndrome." It's just that it was mostly offscreen, a disaster mentioned as already having occurred before the episode began, so the consequences weren't really felt. Or just after the episode, as in "The Empath" -- remember, there were multiple inhabited planets doomed by the supernova and the Vians could only save the population of one of them. So yes, there were billions of lives lost in TOS, just not Federation lives.
Not to mention the huge losses that Starfleet suffered in the second season -- the crews of
Constellation, Intrepid, Excalibur
, and
all wiped out, plus numerous casualties on
Lexington, Hood
, and
. And then the loss of the
just months after that. Starfleet was really hit hard in a short span of time there.
Indeed Christopher, I was being thoroughly ironic in asking about death in TOS, since there was such a high deathtoll in that series
KingDaniel wrote:
I think Trek (especially 24th century Trek) is overdue something light and fun, to break up the near-constant stream of threats and chaos and destruction.
A spiritual successor to J.M. Ford's
How Much For Just the Planet?
would do nicely - although I fear (perhaps groundlessly?) Pocket may see publishing such a book nowadays as a risky proposition.
I think 24th century Trek rarely managed to do an entirely comic episode well. Ford was playing to rather more successful tonal diversity of TOS, which could manage farce much better. But the farcical and the overtly comedic in 24th Trek usually didn't work because the shows weren't so good at comedy, and the overly funny episodes seemed so tonally dissonant from the remainder of the series, as well as usually not being written, cast or directed so well. Sardonic and ironic humour was perhaps more suited to those shows, but they weren't very
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November 29, 2015
The Tigers are hoping to build on their trip to the playoffs last year, and can they ever. In a high school world where every year you're losing someone, the tigers bring back their leading tackler, leader in interceptions , rushing leader, receiving leader...and by the way their passing leader is back for his third year starting at the quarterback position.
He'll look to spread the ball around a little more in coach Dan Kelges system.
speaking of coach, he's loving the idea of this senior laden team making noise in the 5A playoffs this year.
The Tigers get to start their season at home Friday the 27th against Abbeville.
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A heating, air conditioning, or refrigeration mechanic/installer works with various climate control and ventilation systems in residential, commercial, or industrial settings. Frequently this job is known as an HVAC (for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) technician.Read More...
These mechanic/installers set up new HVAC systems in homes and businesses. This may require performing a customer-needs assessment and coming up with a heating and cooling solution that matches those requirements. The technician then installs the equipment, including necessary ventilation and ducting needs, as well as ensures the system to be working properly. For commercial accounts (such as restaurants or grocery stores), this job may also include installation of new refrigeration units and walk-in coolers or freezers as well.
This occupation also services and maintains this climate control equipment. Many dedicated companies that hire for this job work with preventative maintenance contracts, and the mechanic/installer visits these accounts to ensure proper working order of the equipment, as well as changing out filters and conducting inspections of wiring, ductwork, and ventilation systems.
The education requirements for this field are normally a relevant technical school degree and certification in HVAC repair and installation. In many jurisdictions, a certification test and certificate or license may be required. Additionally, persons at the entry level on this job should expect to find work mostly on smaller residential jobs until they acquire more experience and can move on to accounts or companies that work with larger facilities.
While the mechanic/installer normally works during regular business hours, in HVAC companies that do commercial work, it is normal for the repair personnel to rotate "on call" shifts for 24-hour emergency availability. Persons in this field should also expect to work outdoors in the heat of summer or freezing cold of winter as a regular part of their job duties.
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For Heating, AC, or Refrigeration Mechanics, progressing to a Construction Project Manager role may result in a significant raise. On average, a Construction Project Manager can earn $70K annually. As Heating, AC, or Refrigeration Mechanics progress in their field, many go on to become HVAC Service Technicians. In fact, this transition is more common than anything else, and pay for the position is usually $43K per year. Another common career choice for Heating, AC, or Refrigeration Mechanics is to move into a HVAC Installer role. Typically, HVAC Installers get paid $37K.
Heating, AC, or Refrigeration Mechanics typically list a handful of skills they use on the job. Systems Troubleshooting and Troubleshooting are considered valuable skills and can increase employee pay by 8 percent and 6 percent, respectively. Employees educated in HVAC System Design are typically practiced in Systems Troubleshooting, too.
Median of all compensation (including tips, bonus, and overtime) by years of experience.
Heating, AC, or Refrigeration Mechanics with a lot of experience tend to enjoy higher earnings. Those in the early stages of their career can expect to make around $31K; however, individuals with five to 10 years of experience bring in $40K on average — a distinctly larger sum. Heating, AC, or Refrigeration Mechanics with one to two decades of relevant experience report an average salary of approximately $45K. Big financial gains seem to result from working for more than two decades; veterans in this group report earning $51K on average.
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Pihlajavesi Things to Do
Museum of Craft of Pihlajavesi
This museum is more like a complex of buildings where you can see different old crafts being made. This should be open only in summer but still visiting it in winter gives a different view of it.
Church of Pihlajavesi
This is the small and peacefull church of Pihlajavesi. This is a surreal place as nothing goes really on around. You just ear the wind and eventually some birds that escape from the winter cold. This is small white wooden church locates 500m from the Craft Museum. On the same terrain of the church you have an old metal cross dating from the 1800´s.
Pihlajavesi Hotels0 Hotels in Pihlajavesi
Pihlajavesi Off The Beaten Path
Sun set in Pihlajavesi
If you´re visiting Finland in the winter and you have an opportunity like this, just stop and look at it until it goes away. Not many times you can enjoy blue sky and see the sun in finland during the winter as the majority of times many clowds cover the sky. Now that the temperature is a bit lower than in the last week, I think the sky will clear also.
This picture was taken right in front of the church of Pihlajavesi a few km from the town of Keuruu.
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Height: 6-foot-4
Weight: 210 pounds
Class Year: JR
Hometown: Aliso Viejo, CA
High School: Aliso Nigueal HS
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GOP State Senator bolts party
State Senator leaves Republican Party, goes independent
UPDATE: 3:14 p.m. Wednesday:
At an afternoon press conference Williams confirmed his departure from the Senate Republican Caucus, citing his displeasure with what he called the "overwhelming partisanship" of the State Senate.
Standing alone at the podium in Tennessee's Old Supreme Court Chambers, Williams said that he could no longer embrace the partisan nature of the Senate and that people were being "led down a path of bitterness and divisiveness." He further went on to compare what has happening locally to what he said is prevalent in Washington, D.C.
He said that he would remain an independent, not caucusing with either party and voting on bills "that have the best interests for the people of Tennessee at heart" regardless of whether they were sponsored by a Democrat or Republican.
Reaction was swift throughout the State Capitol, with most agreeing that not much would change in the day-to-day operation of the State Senate.
Lt. Gov. Ron Ramsey issued a statement to the media that he reiterated to reporters in person, saying,"Just 64 days ago, Sen. Williams voted for me for Speaker of the Senate and Lieutenant Governor. I appreciated his support and the Senate Republican Caucus wanted him to be a valued and contributing member. Unfortunately, Sen. Williams did not feel comfortable with conservative Republican leadership. Apparently his ideology no longer fits within the Republican philosophy. I wish him the best."
State Senators Diane Black (R-Gallatin) and Dewayne Bunch (R-Cleveland) said that they were disappointed but that Williams leaving the caucus would not change how business was done.
State Sen. Jim Kyle (D-Memphis) noted that since the Senate is now divided 16-16-1, it has no majority leader. But he too said there would be no change in the leadership or committee structure of the senate.
The most colorful, and angry, reaction from the day cam from State Sen. Paul Stanley (R-Memphis).
"He has given us a hunting license to go into his district and I intend to go there," a visibly upset Stanley told reporters. "He's looking for attention and has put himself on an island, I hope he likes it there."
As originally posted:
State Sen. Mike Williams (Maynardville) will announce today that he is leaving the Republican Party, according to NashvillePost.com sources. According to our sources, he will become an "independent."
Williams, who served as Speaker Pro Tem of the Senate when State Sen. John Wilder (D-Mason) was lieutenant governor, has long been a thorn in the side of current Lt. Governor Ron Ramsey (R-Blountville).
The last member of the State Senate who switched parties was Don McLeary of Humboldt, just last year. McLeary joined the Republican party during the controversial recount of the election of State Sen. Ophelia Ford, sayinghe was uncomfortable with the direction of the Democratic Party. McLeary subsequently lost his re-election bid to Democrat Lowe Finney.
Prior to his elevation to the lieutenant governor's post, Ramsey had stated of Williams that "Democrats laugh at him behind his back" for his past support of Wilder.
In 2004, Williams and Knoxville Republican State Sen. Tim Burchett crossed party lines and installed Wilder into what would be his last term as Lt. Governor. Williams voted for Ramsey to become the new Lt. Governor this past January, although the sincerity of his vote has been questioned.
Prior to the election of the Lt. Governor, Williams would not say who he would vote for, and by the time his name had been called to vote, State Sen. Rosalind Kurita (D-Clarksville) had already defected from her own caucus to vote for Ramsey.
Williams defection will likely not come as a surprise to Tennessee Republicans. He has been called everything from a maverick to a traitor for striking out on his own and going against the wishes of his former party.
At a meeting of the Tennessee Republican Party's Executive Committee earlier this year, a resolution was passed that would have rebuked any Republican for voting against the Republican nominee for lieutenant governor. The move was largely seen as a preliminary step to isolate Williams should he cross party lines again.
Recently, Williams told NashvillePost.com in passing that he missed the leadership of former Senate Republican Leader Ben Atchley (Knoxville) who retired from the Senate after 28 years in 2004. In what seemed like an innocuous statement at the time, Williams added, "this place just gets too partisan."
There is no word on whether Williams will run for re-election in two years, nor whether he will caucus with Senate Democrats.


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Ira Aldridge: Shakespeare and Minstrelsy
Evans, Nicholas M., ATQ (The American Transcendental Quarterly)
Ira Aldridge (1807?-1867) was one of the first actors of African descent to appear on British and other European stages, and he was the first to achieve widespread fame and recognition. Born in New York, Aldridge began his theatrical career there before emigrating to England circa 1825. Although he is little known currently in the United States, he was a celebrated Shakespearean, most notably in the roles of Othello, Macbeth, Shylock, and Lear. His success brought him into contact with a diverse collection of personages that included the British tragedian Edmund Kean, the German naturalist Baron von Humboldt, "the Swedish Nightingale" Jenny Lind, Alexandre Dumas (pere), Hans Christian Andersen, probably Franz Liszt, and possibly Richard Wagner (an Aldridge admirer). His two daughters, Luranah and Amanda, also earned considerable renown in Europe as classically trained singers and, in Amanda's case, as a composer who also gave voice lessons to the likes of Roland Hayes, Marian Anderson, and Paul Robeson. (1)
The single substantial work of Aldridge scholarship in English is Herbert Marshall and Mildred Stock's biography Ira Aldridge: The Negro Tragedian (1958), which includes a wealth of primary reference materials. (2) According to Marshall and Stock's research, Aldridge was born in New York City on July 24,1807 (23). Son of Luranah Aldridge (Lindfors, "`Nothing'" 459) and Daniel Aldridge, a lay preacher and street vendor of straw, Ira attended one of New York's African Free Schools in his teens (M&S 20-21, 24-26). There he received a formal education rare for African Americans at the time: "boys were taught reading, writing, arithmetic, English grammar, composition, geography, astronomy," and other subjects (M&S 25). His amateur and semi-professional experience in drama began with the African (or African Grove) Theatre, which existed from about 1820 to 1823, where he played Shakespeare's Romeo and Rolla in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's adaptation of Pizarro (M&S 31-40).
The African Theatre was the scene of an important episode that affected Aldridge's career from its inception to its end. This episode underscored how Aldridge's performances encompassed not only Shakespeare but also blackface minstrelsy and various points in between.
Act I: Hamlet in Blackface?
In Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class (1993), Eric Lott briefly discusses the British actor Charles Mathews (1776-1835), a precursor of the United States minstrels of the 1830s onward. Mathews's--"American caricatures included black preachers and other such types the first popular antecedents of blackface acts" (Lott 45; cf. Toll 26-27). One of his most successful skits was an alleged imitation of Aldridge. Mathews's parodic impersonation consisted of "reenacting" an incident he claimed to have witnessed in New York's African Theatre during an 1822-1823 United States tour. In the midst of delivering Hamlet's most famous soliloquy, Aldridge, Mathews asserted, was ridiculously interrupted by the rowdy black audience and persuaded to sing a "Negro ballad" entitled "Opossum Up a Gum Tree."
In Mathews's caricature, Aldridge speaks in stereotyped "Negro" dialect and displays the types of ostentatious behavior later employed in minstrel acts. (3) Mathews's apparent aim was to emphasize the incongruity between Shakespeare and African-American culture, as embodied by "Opossum." The song's thematic content certainly seems a departure from Hamlet: its central conceit involves a possum who, while climbing a tree, has his tail pulled by a raccoon (usually spelled racoon) hiding in a hollow. An excerpt from Mathews's own 1824 account of the African Theatre incident reveals as much:
Opossum up a gum tree, Tinkey none can follow: Him damn quite mistaken, Racoon in de hollow. Opossum him creep softly, Racoon him lay mum, Pull him by de long tail, Down opossum come. …


text: Pension Citadela is a renovated B&B that was originally a house built in 1790. The B&B is located in the town of Sighisoara, in the historic Transylvania region of Romania. Located at the base of the town's medieval clock tower, this accommodation retains its old world charm with carefully restored wood structural elements throughout. In the mornings, you'll enjoy an organic breakfast made from fresh ingredients purchased from local farmers. After breakfast, you can check your email by accessing free wireless Internet access from anywhere in the property. If you don't have your laptop with you, the property offers a computer for guest use. In the evenings, have fun in the bar, Club One, where you can participate in karaoke or simply relax and enjoy the sounds of live music. The property's great location places you near the city's history museum as well as the gates to Sighisoara's 12th-century Citadel. And just a leisurely stroll of (500 feet) 150 meters from the property, you can pay a visit to the birth site of Vlad the Impaler, also known as Count Dracula.


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I copied this from the children's museum that we take my daughter to. It consists of 3 2x4x8' kiln dried (don't use pressure treated... bad for kids), ...
I made 9 "notes" on this xylophone, so all of my measurements will be based on that. The "notes" were cut starting at 36" and the next one ...
Next, I measured and marked the center of each "note". I then started at the 20" piece and measured out 2" from center making a mark for ...
Now you just have to find somewhere to hang the xylophone, we have ours on the farmer's porch so that we can play even when it rains. ...
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A look at the last five football games in the Baylor-TCU football series
Photo: Ricky Moon/122171
TCU 27, Baylor 0 (Sept. 1, 2007, Fort Worth): The No. 22 Frogs had three of their four interceptions and gave up only 78 yards after halftime on the way to their first shutout of a Big 12 or former Big Eight Conference member since winning 42-0 over Kansas in their 1958 opener. Andy Dalton threw for 205 yards and a touchdown in his first college start, and Justin Watts (1 yard) and Ryan Christian (12 yards) ran for scores in the second quarter as the Frogs won their ninth straight game. Chase Ortiz got to quarterback Blake Szymanski and knocked the ball loose on the first play after halftime, and the tone was set for the second half. (AP)
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text: Apr 16, 2013 21:09 Advocate staff photo by ARTHUR D. LAUCK -- Gary Asmus, left, and Bill Stokes give the House Education Committee an overview Wdednesday of how the La4 program is working. The program teaches classes to children before they enter kindergarten. Advocate story Comments Get The Advocate in your inbox Subscribe


text:
Patrizzi & Co announces the new work from its Patrizzi Pocket Expert series - an ongoing collection of pocket-sized watchmaking reference books - paying tribute to the Tourbillon with Gold Bridge … [Read more...]
Patrizzi & Co.
This is our Patrizzi & Co content section. Please scroll down to find Patrizzi & Co news, Patrizzi & Co reviews and other Patrizzi & Co updates. WatchTime is America's no. 1 watch magazine, our website watchtime.com is among the fastest-growing watch websites worldwide. We have the largest tablet circulation and highest social media fan base of any watch magazine, including Patrizzi & Co live posts. Our watch database has more than 24,000 watches, among them many Patrizzi & Co watches. WatchTime's editors are trusted and respected as the world's leading watch journalists.
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Patrizzi Pocket Expert: Girard-Perregaux Tourbillon with Gold Bridge
Patrizzi & Co. New York Auction Generates $2,901,850
Sales in the Patrizzi & Co June 15 auction reached nearly $3 million with 145 of the 233 lots sold. The top lot was a minute repeater by F.P. Journe, featuring Grande et Petite Sonnerie striking … [Read more...]
Patrizzi & Co. June 15 NYC Auction Highlights World Time Pieces
World Time watches and clocks are collector favorites. Along with dual-time watches, these timepieces are particularly relevant in this era of global interaction. For its June 15 sale in New York, … [Read more...]
Breguet Manuscript Brings Over $2 Million at Patrizzi Auction
Patrizzi & Co. sold a manuscript by Abraham-Louis Breguet for a record 2.3 million Swiss Francs (approx. $2,078,000) on Friday, May 7, in Geneva. Nicolas G. Hayek, president and CEO of Montres … [Read more...]
Patrizzi to Auction Historic Original Breguet Manuscripts on May 7
On May 7 in Geneva, Patrizzi & Co. will auction a historic manuscript written between 1818 and 1823, during the last years of Abraham-Louis Breguet's life. The document, which recently resurfaced, … [Read more...]
Cartier, Patek Top Sellers At Patrizzi & Co. New York Auction
Patrizzi & Co. opened the 2010 season on March 9 in New York City. Sales exceeded $2 million and two-thirds of the 161 lots sold. The top price of $250,000 was paid for a 1929 gold and nephrite … [Read more...]
Patek, Cartier Highlight Patrizzi & Co. Auction March 9 in NYC
Patrizzi & Co. will open their 2010 season in New York City on March 9 with a sale titled "Timeless Emotions—Collecting Pocket Watches, Wristwatches and Clocks". The sale includes more than 150 … [Read more...]
Big Bang Depeche Mode Auction Benefits Teenage Cancer Trust
Depeche Mode, Hublot, Patrizzi & Co. and Liveauctioneers.com are teaming up to offer twelve unique collector timepieces in an online auction with the full proceeds to benefit the Teenage Cancer … [Read more...]
Patrizzi & Co. NYC Auction Totals $4.2 Million
Patrizzi & Co. closed 2009 in New York City with an auction focused on collector-level timepieces offering just 93 lots. The sale generated $4,225,300, with Patek Philippe accounting for more than … [Read more...]
Patrizzi & Co. December 14 NYC Auction Includes Custom Patek 3970 Set
On December 14 in New York City, Patrizzi & Co. will offer an extremely rare set of four Patek Philippe perpetual calendar chronographs, ref. 3970, featuring custom dials with diamond indexes. The … [Read more...]
Patrizzi & Co. Geneva Auction Brings Over $6.2 Million
In the month leading up to the Patrizzi & Co. auction on October 25, more than 3,500 people visited the house's web site each day to research items included in the sale. On sale day in Geneva, … [Read more...]
Patek Sky Moon Tourbillon Brings $1.2 Million at Patrizzi Auction
A Patek Philippe Sky Moon Tourbillon in yellow gold, Ref. 5002, sold for $1.2 million at the Patrizzi & Co. auction in New York on October 7. This is the highest price paid for a wristwatch at … [Read more...]
Only Watch Raises €2,285,500 for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
The Only Watch auction held September 24 raised €2,285,500 (slightly under $3,350,000) for research into Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a childhood disease. In all, Patrizzi & Co. auctioned 34 … [Read more...]
Unique Cabestan Winch Tourbillon Vertical for Only Watch
Cabestan founder Jean-François Ruchonnet teams up with friend and five-time world champion rally driver Sébastien Loeb to present a unique Cabestan Winch Tourbillon Vertical for Only Watch. The back … [Read more...]
For Only Watch, Piaget Celebrates Man on the Moon
For Only Watch 2009, Piaget presents a unique example of their Emperador Coussin Large Moon. This model, introduced this year, houses Caliber 860P, a self-winding movement designed, developed and … [Read more...]
The Jaquet Droz Only Watch '09
The Jaquet Droz Only Watch '09, a unique Grande Seconde, combines a Grand Feu enamelled dial created using an 18th century technique with a case made of 21st century "high tech" ceramic. This … [Read more...]
Unique Patek Philippe Ref. 5106 for Only Watch
For Only Watch 2009, Patek Philippe has created a unique Ref. 5106 by adding a date display and other special features to the Celestial Ref. 5102. This one-of-a-kind piece is crafted in rose gold with … [Read more...]
Patrizzi & Co. NYC Spring Sale Brings $2.7 Million
Patrizzi & Co Auctioneers held its first New York City auction on June 4. The sale included 293 timepieces. Seventy-three percent of the lots sold for a total of more than $2,707,150. More than 50 … [Read more...]
Patrizzi & Co. Watchmaking Masterpieces
On 4 June in New York City, Patrizzi & Co. will auction a collection of watchmaking masterpieces including Patek Philippe references 2499 third series and 3940 first series, so-called 58/60. … [Read more...]
Patrizzi & Co. European Renaissance Clocks
Patrizzi & Co. will auction a collection of European renaissance clocks on Sunday 24 May at the Grand Hotel Et De Milan in Milan, Italy. The pieces to be auctioned will be on display on 21 – 23 … [Read more...]
Davide Blei Rolex Collection Brings $3.7 Million
On Sunday March 22 in Milan, Patrizzi & Co. auctioneers brought the hammer down on the Davide Blei Rolex collection, selling 98% of the lots for a total of 2,736,400 euro or slightly more than … [Read more...]


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The social network sees a massive increase in the amount of content banned in India for being anti-religious or hate speech.
Tired of people sharing your personal information on your timeline for everyone to see? Check out these two settings to take back control of your timeline.
Apple passes on gas gags for the smartwatch, as Discover cards join the Apple Pay service. Meanwhile, Jay Z takes to Twitter to defend his Tidal music streaming service.
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