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Dave Bakke column: As Tom Gaston mowed a section of grass in his backyard, he knew that when the day came, this is exactly where he would bury his dog. The day came on May 21.
As Tom Gaston mowed a section of grass in his backyard, he knew that when the day came, this is exactly where he would bury his dog. The day came on May 21.
Winston, a border terrier that belonged to Tom and his wife, Jerry, for 14 years, died as Tom held him. Winston was buried in the spot Tom had picked out.
After burying Winston, Tom built a flower garden/shrine over the spot. It's an impressive piece of work with a concrete-block base, a decorative cross, flowers and planters, a shingled roof, lights, a stone engraved with Winston's picture and the dates of his birth and death and photographs of Winston with Tom and Jerry displayed behind glass. The glass is UV resistant to protect the pictures from exposure to sunlight.
"I built it as I went," says Tom. "The Lord's given me the ability to build."
Tom had never owned a dog before Winston. When he decided to get one, he spent three months researching different breeds before deciding on a border terrier. Tom and Jerry bought Winston from a Virginia dog breeder in 1997.
They picked their dog up at the airport in St. Louis. Winston arrived at his new home in Springfield, dashed around the house for a while and promptly went to sleep under the coffee table.
That was about 14 years ago. The three were virtually inseparable. "He was our kid," says Jerry.
But all things pass. Winston's health declined earlier this year. He may have had a stroke. Tom and Jerry took him to Springfield veterinarian, Dr. Frank Coble, and to an animal clinic at the University of Illinois for treatment. But Winston was just too old. He continued to fail. Finally, Coble came to the Gastons' and put Winston down.
"I walked him around the yard and loved on him," says Tom. "Then Dr. Coble came and we sat on the patio while I held Winston. It only took a few seconds. I saw the light go out in his eyes."
Tom had read the book "Will I See Fido In Heaven?" by Mary Buddemeyer-Porter. He found it comforting. He is a devout Christian and is convinced that God has a place for pets in the hereafter.
"He made animals first," Tom points out, "then he made people."
After Winston's death, Tom walked through Bunn Park as he and Winston once did. He carried Winston's collar and leash with him. A man in a golf cart saw the leash and collar, stopped and asked where the dog was. Tom told him what had happened.
"He said, 'I lost my dog a year ago. A German shepherd. He was 14 years old also,' " says Tom. "Then he started crying."
Page 2 of 2 - Similar encounters with bereaved pet owners have happened so frequently that Tom has made a new bond with people. Hearing their stories helped him cope with his own loss.
The common dilemma pet owners face after a longtime pet dies is whether to get another.
"It was just awful after Winston died," says Jerry. "We weren't going to get one. Then Tom told me, 'I just can't be in the house alone.' So we started thinking about another dog to fill that void."
They not only bought another dog, it is another border terrier. The only difference is that their new dog, Anna, is female. She has been in the backyard, says Tom, running "over, around and through" the shrine and garden he built in memory of Winston.
"He's in heaven," Jerry says of Winston, "waiting on us."
Know of something quirky? Emotional? Funny? Inspiring? Dave Bakke is your man and his deadline is always near. Pitch your idea to him at email@example.com or at 788-1541. His column appears Wednesday, Friday and Sunday. To read more, visit www.sj-r.com/bakke.
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Democratic Convention Daily News
Democratic representatives spoke to reporters about the Democratic National Convention. They responded to questions from members of the press.
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- Debra Deshong Communications Director Democratic National Committee
- Peggy Wilhide Communications Director Democratic National Committee
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Lightweight lubricant and rust preventive protects and conditions inside and outside the bore, as well as all other metal surfaces of your gun. Won't dry off in scorching heat or stiffen/gum in subzero conditions. Keeps metal parts slick and reduces friction for long service life. Prevents corrosion and acts as a weather-resistant barrier. Works as a bore conditioner to reduce lead and copper buildup and for new barrel break-in. Excellent oil for general wipe down of firearms. Contains no Teflon™.
SPECS: 6 fl. oz. (177 ml) bottle.
Mfr Part: 07015
Size: 6 oz
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Keep your garden in pristine condition with this Einhell lawnmower and grass trimmer twin pack. Powered by a 1000W motor, the electric Einhell lawnmower has a 30cm cutting width and a generous 28L grass box capacity. The 260W electric grass trimmer has a has a head that can twist 180º allowing you to carry out precise lawn edging. A double nylon bump feed enables you to lengthen the nylon cord by bumping the head on the ground, saving you from constantly adjusting the cord length and interrupting trimming.
Catalogue Number: 555-5230
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- Electric Engine
- 28L Grass box capacity
- Metal Blade material
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Dawn Kessler
July 3, 1964 - Jan. 17, 2011
Dawn Marie Cargill Kessler, Milton-Freewater, passed away Jan. 17, 2011, at her home at the age of 46 years. A celebration of life will be Saturday, Jan. 22, 2011, at 11 a.m. at the M-F Junior Show Livestock Grounds. Memorial contributions may be made to the M-F Junior Show through the Munselle-Rhodes Funeral Home, 902 S. Main, Milton-Freewater, OR 97862.
Dawn was born July 3, 1964, to her mother Kathy May Underwood and her father Jerry Cargill. She moved with her family to Kennewick, in 1969 where they found a small family farm in Finley, Wash., where she and her sisters were raised and learned to appreciate the love of the land and animals. She showed cattle at the Benton-Franklin County Fair from the time she was 9 years old until she graduated from River View High School in 1982. She was a champion showman, exceptional softball player and a sure-shot for the other team on the basketball squad. Her love of the animals and the fair landed Dawn her best friend and love of her life Randy Kessler after his fair entry form said he was single and looking. Before diving into rural life in Umapine, Dawn was the youngest member in Washington State on the local school board for Finley School District at the age of 19. She attended and graduated from Columbia Basin College in Pasco, with her associate degree.
Dawn and Randy were married May 17, 1986, in Kennewick and were looking forward to celebrating their 25th wedding anniversary this year. After their marriage, they dreamed of starting their own family and were overjoyed when two beautiful daughters were born in their hearts, they welcomed home Tierra and Cheyenne in 1996. Two years later their family of four grew to five with the big surprise of their son Cody. Dawn was a loving mother, devoted wife, faithful daughter, superb sister and fast friend. She and Randy spent numerous hours and sleepless nights with both their children and their cattle. She was the mom cheering at every game, watching from every grandstand and standing up for her family's future. She was deeply loved by everyone she touched, from a warm hello to dancing on a field. Dawn was the person that could make you feel like you could just be yourself.
Loved by many and missed by all, Dawn will forever hold the hearts of her friends and family. She and Randy own Kessler Angus. She was an avid supporter of 4-H, FFA, the Junior Angus Association and the Junior Cattleman's Association. She was a member of the American Angus Association, Oregon Cattlemen's Association, Walla Walla Cattlemen's Association, Washington Cattlemen's Association and Umatilla County Cattlemen's Association.
Dawn is survived by her husband, Randy Kessler at the home; two daughters, Tierra Kessler and Cheyenne Kessler both of Milton-Freewater; a son, Cody Kessler of Milton-Freewater; her mother, Kathy Underwood of Kennewick; her father, Jerry Cargill of Goldendale, Wash.; two sisters, April Connors of Kennewick, Cheryl Porter of Tigard, Ore.; and numerous nieces and nephews.
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Trayvon's mother blasts Florida 'Stand Your Ground' law
According to the "Stand Your Ground" law, people fearing for their lives can use deadly force without having to retreat from a confrontation, even when it is possible.The mother of slain black teenager Trayvon Martin said Florida's "Stand Your Ground" law allowed her son's killer George Zimmerman to go free. "Wrap your mind around no prom for Trayvon," Sybrina Fulton said in an emotional speech at the Pennsylvania Convention Center on Friday.
"No high school graduation for Trayvon, no college for Trayvon, no grandkids coming from Trayvon, all because of a law that has prevented the person who shot and killed my son to be held accountable, and to pay for this awful crime. Trayvon was my son, but he is also your son," she said.On July 13, a jury in Florida said that Zimmerman's fatal shooting of Martin was justified, acquitting him of second-degree murder and manslaughter. Zimmerman said the fatal shooting, which took place on February 26, 2012, in the small city of Sanford, was in self-defense. Fulton also expressed hope that his son's death make a change to "Stand Your Ground" law. "At times I feel like I'm a broken vessel. At times I don't know if I'm going or coming. But I know beyond a shadow of a doubt that God is using me and God is using my family to make a change, to make a difference," Trayvon's mother said. "My message to you is please use my story, please use my tragedy, please use my broken heart to say to yourself, `We cannot let this happen to anybody else's child,'" she added. According to the "Stand Your Ground" law, people in Florida and about 30 other US states fearing for their lives can use deadly force without having to retreat from a confrontation, even when it is possible. AGB/AGB


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Tatsfield Rovers Football Club
Tatsfield Rovers Football Club, who play in the Redhill & District Premier League, are in need of sponsorship for the 2009/10 season. Please contact Paul on 07753 835 950 CLICK HERE
Biggin Hill Squash Club
Jail Lane, Biggin Hill, Westerham, Kent TN16 3AU. Telephone 01959 573240 Facilities include 4 Squash & Racket ball courts, Snooker table, Darts, Table Tennis. Social Activities including disco`s and quizes.
Tonbridge Invicta Football Club
Football Clubs 103, Deakin Leas, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 2JT 01732 358866
Powerleague Soccer Centre
Football Clubs Pavillion, Hanniball Way, Croydon, Surrey CR0 4RW 020 8686 1122
Surf F.C
Football Clubs 57, Enmore Rd, London, SE25 5NG 07838 169903
Goals Soccer Centre plc
Football Clubs Elmers End Rd, Beckenham, Kent BR3 4EJ 020 8663 1600
Whitehorse Wanderers Football Club
Football Clubs 19, St. Lukes Close, Woodside, London, SE25 4SX 020 8406 1606
Bromley Football Club
Football Clubs Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent BR2 9EF 020 8460 5291
Shelton Sports & Leisure
Football Clubs Shelton Close, Warlingham, Surrey CR6 9ND 01883 623747
Westerham Bowls Club
Sports Clubs & Associations Costells Meadow, Westerham, Kent TN16 1BN 01959 561305


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Height: 6-foot-5
Weight: 273 pounds
Class Year: SO
Hometown: Orangevale, CA
High School: Del Campo
As a Recruit (profile)
Class: 2010 (High School)
Rating/Rankings: | 5.7
Rivals.com strongside defensive ends 2010 (26)
Rivals.com California PostseasonTop 100 (51)
Video clip (H.S.)
The Latest: Preseason 120: No. 6 Stanford — 8/13/2011
First-year Stanford coach David Shaw inherited a talented roster from Jim Harbaugh, most notably QB Andrew Luck. The Cardinal are No. 6 in our preseason 120 countdown.[details]
Eddie Plantaric STATS
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Preseason 120: No. 6 Stanford — 8/13/2011, from Rivals.com College Football
Practice Breakdown — 2/28/2011, from CardinalReport.com
Plantaric goes Pac-10 — 6/27/2009, from NorCalPreps.com
Plantaric adds another offer — 6/16/2009, from Rivals.com Football Recruiting
Plantaric has two offers — 6/10/2009, from NorCalPreps.com
Stanford NIKE Camp notebook — 5/19/2009, from CardinalReport.com
Linemen shine at Palo Alto NIKE Camp — 5/19/2009, from Rivals.com Football Recruiting
Heaps highlights Palo Alto NIKE Camp — 5/18/2009, from Rivals.com Football Recruiting
Video: Plantaric Wreaks Havoc — 4/8/2009, from Rivals.com
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Highly customizable plugin to display Instagram photos in a sidebar widget, a post or on a page. Also an image gallery with paging functionality.
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2004 Hyundai XG350 • 75,000 miles
2004 Hyundai XG350 having trouble running, not running right and won't pull up a hill at all (30 mph tops with pedal to floor). Catalytic converter just replaced 2 weeks ago. Also makes a loud "whine" sometimes when driving up hill
June 26, 2012.
June 26, 2012.
Hi guys, Ive got an 03 Ford f150 Heritage truck V6, no power at fuel pump, checked all relays and fuses also, checked the inertia switch on ride side kicker panel was told needed ...
19 answers • 2003 Ford F-150 • 150 miles
Engine Performance problem 1996 Ford Contour 4 cyl Front Wheel Drive Automatic 143000 miles I sure hope some one can help. I'm out of ideas. I bought this car for my daughter. ...
1 answer • 1996 Ford Contour
Electrical problem 1998 Ford Windstar V6 Front Wheel Drive Automatic 100000 miles I'm not getting power to the fuel pump, I have a couple questions actually, what are the four ...
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1995 Cevy S10 pickup 2x4 with a 2.2L. and 174,000 miles. Used fuel tank, sending unit and pump from salvage yard were installed. Would run but had no power on take off/acceleration. ...
1 answer • 1995 Chevrolet S-10


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Paul K. Whelton called "one of the world's leading population-based cardiovascular scientists"
(MAYWOOD) November 5, 2007 - Loyola University Health System President and CEO Paul Whelton, MB, MD, MSc, has been awarded the American Heart Association's 2007 Population Research Prize for his 20 years of work that answered key questions about the scope and severity of heart and vascular diseases and their risk to populations worldwide.
The award was presented at the opening session of the American Heart Associationâs (AHA) Scientific Sessions, Sunday, Nov. 4, in Orlando, FL.
In presenting the award, AHA President Daniel W. Jones said, âDr. Whelton has directed highly significant longitudinal, cross-sectional and interventional studies that are providing medical science vital data on the burden of disease facing populations in the United States, Southeast Asia, North Africa and South America. These data have brought into sharp focus the problem that heart and blood vessel diseases pose, and have sketched a useful blueprint for preventive actions that can be taken to reduce risk and eventually conquer them.â
Much of what the scientific community currently knows about the prevalence of hypertension worldwide is owing to Whelton and his colleagues. Recently, Whelton and his team produced the first set of worldwide estimates on the extent of the disease and published the first national estimates of causes of death in China.
Further, Whelton is considered a pioneer in the use of longitudinal studies to explore the relationship between blood pressure and both chronic and end-stage kidney disease. His work to identify the roles that high blood pressure and diabetes play as risk factors for kidney disease began in the 1980s.
AHA President Jones also singled out Wheltonâs leadership in identifying ways to prevent and treat high blood pressure without the use of drugs. Wheltonâs work in this area included the two largest-ever lifestyle-intervention trials and national recommendations for prevention of hypertension produced while he led a committee for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Whelton continues to conduct innovative, population-based trials that examine the roles of nutrition and physical activity in preventing and treating hypertension.
Whelton became president and CEO of Loyola University Health System in February 2007, after leaving the Tulane University, New Orleans, where he had served as senior vice president for health sciences and dean of the school of medicine. He came to the United States in 1970 to begin an internship at Johns Hopkins University Hospital after receiving his medical and science training at the University College Cork in his native Ireland. He rose to become a tenured professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health and a professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. He joined Tulane in 1977 as a professor of biostatistics and epidemiology and ascended to his senior administrative role before taking his place at Loyola earlier this year.


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NW Kids Summer Camp Expo 2015
Sorry you missed our
4th Annual Summer Camp Expo!
Below is a recap of camps who participated.
Hope to see you next year!
OES offers over 225 camps for grades prekindergarten-12th, from 7:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. weekdays with experienced faculty and small classes.
Primary Exhibitors:
Build a robot. Launch a rocket. Raft Oregon's rivers. Hike the Redwoods. OMSI Science Camps and Classes explore the Northwest from the classroom to the Canadian Rockies.
Steve & Kate's Camp
Campers choose activities like stop motion animation, rock climbing on 30 foot walls, and pie throwing; all good for your child's resumé. Two ways to play: Day Passes and Memberships.
Trackers Earth
Trackers Earth offers award-winning camps fueled by compelling story and old school outdoor adventure. Our overnight camps are rooted in fantastic legend and authentic traditional skills.
Exhibitors (in alphabetical order)
Adventure WILD
Camp Namanu
Since 1924, Camp Namanu has offered a fun and experiential camp. Namanu is a timeless place of exploration, growth, and endless discovery; of new friendships, caring adults, and a sense of community.
Camp Westwind
Camp Westwind is an overnight co-ed youth and family camp on the Oregon Coast. Westwind believes in; the value of diversity, the magic of nature, the joy of singing and the importance of play and creativity.
Cascade Mountain School
A residential outdoor science camp for middle and high school students located an hour from Portland, Oregon. Programming combines environmental science and multi-sport adventures. Science credit and college credit options available.
Catlin Gabel
Enjoy sports, arts, robotics, academics, and more at Catlin Gabel Summer Programs, on a beautiful 60-acre campus and beyond. Classes are open to everyone, preK-12.
The Circuit Bouldering Gym
Rock climbing camps at The Circuit introduce your child to the world of bouldering while helping build confidence, focus, and strength in a social, non-competitive environment.
Fashion Design Camp
Covering all aspects of the fashion industry, creating individual portfolios, story board and two different looks for the Friday finale fashion show. All materials included.
Franciscan Montessori Earth School
Camp FMES provides exciting, enriching summer programs for children in the following areas: Outdoors, Arts, Fitness, and Academic Enhancement. Half-day, full-day camps, before/after care. Ages 3-14. Register at: www.fmes.org
Friendly House
Fun & engaging camps for Pre-K through 6th graders.
Summer camps include: field trips, swimming and new themes each week!
Sign up for one week, or for all. Some scholarships available for qualifying families.
The International School
Enjoy a world of fun this summer while learning Spanish, Japanese or Chinese right here in Portland. Learn language and culture through songs, games, and outdoor activities. For ages 3 to 5th grade.
Girl Circus
Girl Circus summer camp is a fun and safe learning community, girls can make new friends and develop increased self confidence through mastery of circus and theater skills, professional female staff.
Glendoveer Golf & Tennis
Glendoveer Golf & Tennis provides summer camps for golf and tennis. K-Lean's Tennis with Kaleen Worley, USPTA professional, provides a passionate and FUN learning tennis environment while teaching fundamentals,, strategy/tactics, and match play for all ages and ability levels. Whether your goal is to play competitively or recreationally K-Lean's Tennis is prepared to help your kids achieve their greatness on and off the court. See you on the Courts! Dennis Dolin, PGA professional, gives kids an opportunity to play golf and compete in a fun format..
Mad Science
Mad Science Summer Day Camps offer a combination of in-class science discovery and exploration, outdoor games, and hands-on applications of scientific principles for children ages 5 to 12.
Mercy Corps
Mercy Corps is a global community of change makers living and working with people facing the world's toughest challenges. This summer, middle and high school students can attend eye-opening summer camps that explore global issues and investigate innovative solutions to complex problems.
MJCC Day Camp is proud to be one of the few traditional day camps in Portland. Enjoy sports, arts, crafts, rock climbing, swimming and more!
NW Children's Theater & School
Northwest Children's Theater and School celebrates 20 years of award-winning summer theater camps! Step into the spotlight with fully-costumed playlabs, skills classes, TV/Film workshops and more!
NW Outward Bound School
Northwest Outward Bound School changes lives through challenge and discovery. We teach leadership, physical fortitude, wilderness appreciation, compassion for teammates, the community, and the world. No education is complete without Outward Bound.
Jawbone Flats is the perfect base camp for outdoor adventure. Our unique expeditions offer hands-on wilderness experience and science education all in the backcountry!
Oregon College of Art & Craft
Encourage your child's creativity at Oregon College of Art and Craft's highly respected Art Adventures Summer Day Camps; designed for elementary and middle school-aged children!
Oregon Zoo
At Oregon Zoo summer camps, children 4 years old to 8th grade experience nature and science comes alive as they investigate the animals at the zoo. Each week-long camp includes crafts, songs, stories, snacks, animal visitors and in-depth tours of the zoo.
The Playground Gym
Convenient, affordable & wildly fun, our camps challenge and inspire kids to be better, more creative individuals. Five unique camp themes, one every week all summer long!
Portland Music and Dance
Students are empowered to show off their star potential with confidence! Our camps give kids the opportunity to try music, dance, costume design, and makeup! Ages 2 – 15.
Portland Rock Gym
Climbing builds confidence & strength and improves focus & coordination. Camps are for kids 6 to 15 and in addition to climbing other activities include our slack-line, rope-swing, huge cargo net, & other high rope elements.
Our outdoor summer camps teach ancient, "ancestral skills." They are like Nature Camp + Art Camp, all in one… They're awesome!
Rose City Hockey Club
Play ice hockey with a gold medal Olympian! Fun, supportive environment for girls (ages 6-14) to gain self-confidence and learn good sportsmanship. No experience necessary. All gear included. Aug 3-7.
Royal Ridges
Fun, Safe and God. Biblical principles are taught in the backdrop of God's creation. Whether Horse lovers or Adventure seekers, we have a camp for you.
Saturday Academy
Saturday Academy offers camps & classes for students entering grades 2-12. Students can follow their curiosity in Medical Camp, Programming in C, Lego Physics and much more!
Tucker Maxon
Nurture creativity. Build confidence. Experience arts and music from diverse world cultures. Enjoy our beautiful campus and community, including a rock-wall, goats, chickens and gardens. Ages 3 to 5th Grade.
WeVillage flexible spring break camps at all three of its locations! Flexible Daily and Full Week Options available. Each day of our camps we will have an exciting theme: gardening, camping, theater, art, and fun! Lunch included, ages 4-12 welcome and non-members are ok! 8am-5pm daily. Early Drop-Off and Late Pick-Up available.
Zenger Farm
1st-9th graders harvest from the field, create plant potions, adventure in the wetlands, and visit farm animals! Scholarships available. Camp runs M-F 8:45am-3pm, After-Care 3-5:30pm.


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My Son's Birthday Cake
- Uploaded By Wing-Ding
- 2009-01-05 17:18:50
My son picked this out of Debbie Brown's book. It was a lot harder to make than I thought it would be. I had a lot of obstacles. I didn't have any sugar glue, so I had to use buttercream to secure the feet and arms, hence the oozing on the sides. LOL My son loved it though.
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Solar Power Collection – An Ideal Alternative Source Of Electricity
December 1, 2014 by energysaver
Filed under alternative energy, home Improvements, Lightings, save energy, solar power
Alternative energy has gotten increasingly popular with more people as it has become more cost-effective. A good example is the solar array, which is nowadays on numerous houses and businesses. Solar cells, the black squares of a solar array, are not only becoming less expensive, but also much more efficient. Due to advancement in technology, these cells can collect the energy from the sun in a smaller area. These photovoltaic cells have become very useful because they can now be produced at smaller sizes and at lower cost. In the last two decades, the cost per watt hour for making solar-generated energy, has been essentially cut down by half.
The great thing about solar power that environmentalists like is that it doesn't cause pollution. For other people, the greatest thing about solar power is the amount of money that can be saved on their electric bill. Because virtually all people are more interested in saving moneyhow much money they can save than the environment, it has taken the lowering of costs to get them to use solar energy. Also installing these solar batteries on your rooftop is no longer hard to do, which also helped in the rapid growth.
To produce hot water by utilizing photovoltaic cells, the water is heated while it is inside the cells, and then sent through your pipes. These solar cells, even on sunless days, are gathering enough radiation from the sun much more efficiently. The solar arrays, which have been created by a company known as Uni-Solar, work on inclement days. This solar energy system has been advanced more technologically which allows more energy to be collected during the days with sunlight. There is one other popular system known as PV. This system is connected to the electrical grid that is nearby, and transfers the surplus energy to that grid for shared use. The outcome is less reliance on electric plants and lower energy prices.
And so the main benefits of using the PV system is less dependency on the grid, reducing pollution and lowering energy costs. There is a growing trend in many communities and suburbs where they are designing their own centralized solar collection arrays. An indication that solar energy is becoming a desirable alternative energy choice is that several large companies are getting into solar energy. Both Google and Wal Mart have been using solar energy for quite a while to supply power to their offices and stores.
Governments in countries like Japan, Germany, Switzerland and the United States are offering people tax incentives to utilize solar energy for their homes or businesses. Investors also discover the value in investing in green technology and will continue to pour money into it. As more and more individuals employ solar energy, the cost will continue to go down.
For more home energy saving tips please click this link here:
Is Solar In The Home Worth The Energy Savings?
July 7, 2012 by Contributor
Filed under home improvement, save energy, solar power
Solar in home requires the use of solar panels or photovoltaic cells. These PV cells are normally secured on the home's roofs or walls. Each of the cells is made from semiconducting materials like silicon. When the light from the sun goes into the cell, it produces an electric field which is then processed into consumable electricity. electricity the stronger the sun becomes, the more electricity is generated by the PV cells. Solar panels are measured in conditions of power by kilowatt peak or KWP. KWP is the optimum amount of energy that each solar panel can generate in full sunlight.
As you must be aware, tapping the free of charge energy from the sun through household solar power methods can give the household an array of benefits. For one, you lessen your month-to-month electricity bill. You just have to spend for the installation of the process and your charges for a long period of time will be diminished. Energy companies guarantee to supply solar home panels that can work with optimum efficiency for 20 to 40 years. An average household with a solar energy system can generate roughly 50 percent of the house's yearly electricity use.
If you use solar in home, it goes without stating that you lower your carbon footprint. Solar energy is a green form of energy, which signifies it is environment-friendly and does not create harmful substances like carbon dioxide and other varieties of pollutants. An average household with a sun energy system is said to be able of conserving a ton of carbon dioxide annually. And since solar systems last for more than 30 years, that suggests more than 30 tons of saved carbon dioxide.
There are no challenging necessities in terms of putting in a solar energy system. Your home, especially the roofs, just needs to have an place on which the panels can be fitted. This area should naturally be sunny, ideally facing the south and not coated by trees or nearby buildings. Logically, places that acquire shade will outcome in the panels creating less energy.
Prior to solar home set up, it is encouraged to have the roofs go through needed maintenance, repair, or replacement in order to avoid frequent removal and installation of the solar panels. Roofs must be strong enough to assist the panels. Solar energy corporations in fact require home roofs to be less than 15 years just before they enter in agreement. These companies commonly give removal and reinstallation services for no fees, though they need to assure that the roofs will not be fixed or changed every so often.
If your worry is that the solar energy system may affect the aesthetic of your home, do not fear inasmuch as PV cells are now available in a variety of styles, shapes, and colors. Some panels even mimic the look of some roof tile designs. There are even transparent solar panels nowadays for homes that have glass designs.
Solar home energy is one of the smart ways to save money and be environmentally-responsible. Just make sure that you deal with the right solar energy company to get the most out of your investment
Advantages of Solar Power – What amount of Beneficial Could this Supply of Energy Could Bring in to The public and Your Family
June 10, 2012 by Contributor
Filed under alternative energy, energy efficiency, home improvement, solar power
With the economic situation spiraling down globally, we see the advantages for saving money as all of us can see. Conceivably the number one plus factor of solar power is reducing expenses of dollars on our electricity consumption. An amount of solar thermal collectors by means of solar dish reduce a lot of bucks in the cost of electricity used to power all of our homes. These solar panels gather the sun shine and with some procedure of reversing and converting these rays, gets the power we need to generate electricity to each of our electrical device and to heat up and light our homes.
Since Mother Nature gave us the knowledge to convert these sun's rays into solar energy, she has given all of us a no cost access to energy. Just think, never again to pay a high electricity consumption on a usual basis. We always can make free sun's rays to use in all our homes and also what we do not use all of us by all means can save in batteries to use on some days when the sun is not shining, or during the night. We have already had a demo of what solar energy can do, when we use our calculators and our swimming pool. That calculator that turns on and off with no push of a button. If the sun rays supply heat to the water at the swimming pool, you should use a solar cover on the pool in order to save the heat in the water.
Reducing expenditure and saving some moeny is not the only benefits of using solar power panels. In saving energy we also are sharing our part in preserving the Mother Nature. Our idea today is not exclusively concentrated on economy and saving money, that is important. We are also anxious about saving the planet as well as we can do so in preserving enough energy as we we could. Using natural geothermal energy instead of manufactured electricity sourced out by the electric company is a great way to start. If you're laying around by the pool during summer, taking pleasure of the warm water at the swimming pool and taking pleasure of your sun tan, think of what the sun shine can do for your house and your expenses.
To learn more about solar power please visit: Earth For Energy
Solar Water Heaters For Your Home For Less Than $100
June 8, 2012 by Contributor
Filed under energy efficiency, home improvement, solar power
When folks hear the phrase "solar power" they normally think about using the sun to make free energy for their home with solar panels. While this is undoubtedly the most common function of solar power, the sun can also be utilized to heat up the water you use in your home for cooking and cleaning. This kind of solar use is named solar thermal and can save you hundreds of dollars each year on your electricity expenses. There is a way that you can build your own solar water heater.
A website named Simpleheaters.com can has solar water heater plans that show present to you how to assemble one of these homemade solar water heatersfor your residence for less than one hundred dollars that uses solar thermal power to heat your water. The best part about fabricating one of these systems from scratch is that it makes use of incredibly common components and is exceptionally easy to operate. By utilizing the diagrams offered on the Simpleheaters.com website you can assemble one of these solar thermal water heaters and slash your energy costs considerably.
The way the solar heaters function is by making use of the thermal energy in sunlight to heat the water utilized in your house. While these solar heaters do not typically heat up all the water you use, they can lessen the amount of work your traditional hot water heater needs to do by increasing the temperature of water that goes in it. By having this water already hot before it is heated by your traditional water heater, it makes use of drastically less electricity, which translates into hundreds of dollars a year in savings for the typical house.
The concept of a thermal water heater isn't new and they have been utilized all over the world for decades. What the Simple heaters.com website helps you do is better grasp how these thermal heaters operate and additionally gives the instructions to construct one for your residence. The plans on hand on the Simpleheaters.com were developed originated on years of know-how in fabricating these thermal heaters and will explain to you the easiest way to fabricate one for yourself.
The other nice thing about making use of one of these thermal heaters is that they operate by utilizing renewable power from the sun. This means that they create no pollution and are entirely safe for any house. Once installed in your house they can go on to provide drastic savings for decades from a minimal initial investment of time and money. You will not only be helping the planet, you will be saving money each month by fabricating a solar heater using the manuals on the Simple heaters.com website at the same time.
In addition to the solar heater guide, the Simple heaters.com site also presents a broad range of information on additional valuable alternative energy solutions such as solar power and wind power. Both of these solutions are a fantastic addition to your solar water heater and can save you even more money each month on your energy expenses. Every single one of these systems are uncomplicated to assemble for the average homeowner and don't need any special tools or experience to finish.With the plans on the Simpleheaters.com website you can finish any of these projects in about a weekend and enjoy the electricity they make available for years to come.
Each and every one of the diagrams present on the Simpleheaters.com website come with a full 60-day warranty, which allows you to request a refund of your purchase price for any reason.Although this gives extra peace of mind, these directions are packed with genuinely constructive information and you're guaranteed to be satisfied with your purchase.
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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters protect cells against unrelated (toxic) substances by pumping them across cell membranes. Earlier we showed that many ABC transporters are highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) compared to more committed progenitor cells. The ABC transporter expression signature may guarantee lifelong protection of HSCs but may also preserve stem cell integrity by extrusion of agents that trigger their differentiation. Here we have studied whether non-hematopoietic stem cells (non-HSCs) exhibit a similar ABC transporter expression signature as HSCs.
ABC transporter expression profiles were determined in non-hematopoietic stem cells (non-HSCs) from embryonic, neonatal and adult origin as well as in various mature blood cell types. Over 11,000 individual ABC transporter expression values were generated by Taqman Low Density Arrays (TLDA) to obtain a sensitivity comparable with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. We found that the vast majority of transporters are significantly higher expressed in HSCs compared to non-HSCs. Furthermore, regardless their origin, non-HSCs exhibited strikingly similar ABC transporter expression profiles that were distinct from those in HSCs. Yet, sets of transporters characteristic for different stem cell types could be identified, suggesting restricted functions in stem cell physiology. Remarkably, in HSCs we could not pinpoint any single transporter expressed at an evidently elevated level when compared to all the mature blood cell types studied.
These findings challenge the concept that individual ABC transporters are implicated in maintaining stem cell integrity. Instead, a distinct ABC transporter expression signature may be essential for stem cell function. The high expression of specific transporters in non-HSCs and mature blood cells suggests a specialized, cell type dependent function and warrants further functional experiments to determine their exact roles in cellular (patho)physiology.
Controversy has lasted for years regarding the role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in (cancer) stem cell integrity [1-8]. Early discovery of the relation between ABC transporters and stem cells arose from the identification of the "side population" (SP), a stem cell enriched fraction that can be isolated based on ABCG2 dependent dye efflux. SP fractions have been observed in both hematopoietic and solid tissues [2]. Later, tumor initiating cells were identified in the SP, as indicated by ABC transporter gene expression (ABCB1 or ABCG2), chemo-resistance or tumorigenicity in vivo [9,10]. Further studies showed that both in solid tumors and in hematological malignancies cancer stem cells are intrinsically resistant to a broad range of drugs and exhibit elevated expression of drug resistance related ABC transporters including ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2 [11,12]. Notably, CD34+CD38- leukemic progenitors, which are ABCB1 and ABCG1 double positive [13], are able to repopulate bone marrow in irradiated NOD-SCID mice while the CD34+CD38+ counterparts that show a significantly lower expression level of ABCB1 and ABCG1 [13] have no repopulating capacities [5,14]. These findings could suggest that ABC transporters contribute to maintain stem cell properties of both normal and cancer stem cells. However, mice that lack single ABC transporters show normal steady-state hematopoiesis [7]. Also, approaches to enhance cytotoxicity during chemotherapy by inhibiting one single transporter have been hardly successful [3]. The knockdown or inhibition studies focused on one or a few transporters. As the human gene encodes for 49 ABC transporters, functional redundancy may preserve stem cell integrity and chemoresistance following abrogation of the function of one or several transporters.
Recently, we determined the ABC transporter expression signature of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) [13]. A large set of ABC transporters was highly expressed in both normal and malignant HSCs compared to more committed progenitors [13]. Thus, the absence of obvious (stem cell) phenotypes following disruption of one or more ABC transporters may be caused by relatively high expression of other transporters. In this study we aimed to investigate whether other non-related stem cells exert a similar ABC transporter signature as HSCs and profiled transporter expression in human non-HSCs including unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs). To compare the expression signatures with differentiated cells we also analyzed human mature blood cell types. To obtain maximal detection sensitivity over a large range of expression levels, Taqman Low Density Arrays (TLDA) were employed to determine gene expression [13,15].
Human non-HSCs and mature blood cells
Human cord blood derived USSCs (n = 6) were generated and differentiated towards the osteogenic lineage as described [16,17]. Mature human blood cells were obtained from normal bone marrow or peripheral blood by Ficoll gradient centrifugation (granulocytes) or by fluorescence activated cell sorting with specific cell surface markers to gain a purity above 95%: CD3+ (T cells), CD56+CD3- (NK cells), CD14+ (monocytes), CD71+ (erythroid progenitors) as described previously [18,19]. Total mRNA was subsequently isolated using RNABee (Bio-Connect BV, the Netherlands). mRNA of human MSCs derived from adult adipose tissue (n = 3) and bone marrow (n = 4) was kindly provided by Dr. E. Piek, Department of Applied Biology and Dr. B. Jansen, Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, the Netherlands [20]. mRNA of human bone marrow derived MAPC lines (n = 3) was provided by Dr. C. Verfaillie, Leuven. The mRNA of three hESC cell lines (HUES1, HES2, and HES3), originating from Douglas Melton's Lab (HUES1) and ES Cell International, Singapore http://www.escellinternational.com webcite (HES2 and HES3), were kindly provided by Prof. Dr. C. Mummery, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands. Transporter expression profiles in HSC samples (n = 11) that we observed earlier [13] were taken as reference for comparisons with the profiles in non-HSCs and mature blood cell types.
TaqMan Low Density Array
First strand cDNA of the mRNA samples indicated above was synthesized using reverse transcriptase as described (Invitrogen) [19]. Gene expression profiles were assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR using micro fluidic cards (Taqman Low Density Arrays, TLDA, Applied Biosystem), covering 45 transmembrane ABC transporters and three housekeeping genes (GAPDH, HPRT1 and HMBS) as described earlier [13]. The expression levels were calculated relative to GAPDH (Additional file 1: TLDA data table on all the studied cell types).
Additional file 1. TLDA data table on all the studied cell types.
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Statistical analyses
Over 11,000 ABC transporter expression values were generated by TLDA. Some transporter genes were expressed at very low levels around the detection limit, introducing unwanted disturbance in statistical analyses. To avoid this, the highest mean expression level in the HSCs (6.65E-02, observed for ABCA2 in HSCs samples) was divided by 1000 (6.65324E-05) and used as background level. Expression values below the background level were replaced by this threshold. In this way the noise caused by the variation in extremely low values was abolished. Principal component analysis (PCA) [21,22] was performed using Partek Genomic Suite 6.4 to identify outliers in our sample sets and to investigate similarities of samples based upon the cell types. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed by using Partek Genomic Suite 6.4 to visualize genes defining different cell types and to determine the similarity/distance between the studied cell types. We used the Pearson dissimilarity as a distance measure. Differential expression was examined by a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test in Partek Genomic Suite 6.4. Genes with P-values < 0.05 after multiple testing correction by bootstrapping were deemed significantly differentially expressed.
Non-HSCs show striking similarities in ABC transporter expression profiles clearly distinct from HSCs
Earlier we showed that a broad range of ABC transporters was highly expressed in HSCs compared to more committed progenitor cells [13]. To determine the relevance of this finding, we measured by TLDA transporter expression profiles in non-HSCs including USSCs, MSCs, MAPCs and ESCs. Striking to note is that non-HSCs, regardless their origin, exhibited a remarkable similarity in transporter expression clearly distinct from that observed in HSCs (Fig. 1 A). Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed the strong similarity among non-HSCs. The 11 HSC samples clustered together, with a distinguishable distance to other stem cell types (Fig. 1 B). MAPCs and ESCs also clustered in separate groups while USSCs and MSCs fell into one and the same group, suggesting that MSCs and USSCs are closely related (Fig. 1 B). Principal component analysis (PCA) verified the resemblance among non-HSCs (Fig.1 C). Among the HSC samples a larger relative distribution was observed as compared to non-HSCs, indicating that differences within HSC samples are greater than those among other stem cells. Another important observation is that most transporters showed higher expression in HSCs than in other stem cell types, except for ABCA1, ABCB6, ABCB8 and ABCD3, which were similarly expressed in both HSCs and non-HSCs (Fig. 1 A). The mean expression values of ABCB1 and ABCG1 were more than 1000-fold higher in HSCs while the other genes about 10-fold higher. Interestingly, some transporter genes, such as ABCA4, ABCA8, ABCC9 and ABCG4, were scarcely detectable in HSC samples whereas they were consistently detected in USSCs and MSCs (Fig.1 A and 1D).
Figure 1. Non-HSCs show striking similarity in ABC transporter expression profiles clearly distinct from HSCs. (A) TLDA expression data plot. The expression levels relative to GAPDH are shown in log-scale, plotted against the ABC transporter genes ranked in descending order by expression levels in 11 CD34+38- HSC samples. The expression profile of CD34+38- HSCs here serves as reference [13]. The transporters are further divided into two groups (left and right) according to the detection frequency (whether above 10/11) in the HSCs. Count of detectable samples out of the 11 reference HSC samples is indicated on the top of the figure for each transporter. Transporters genes in the right part are ranked first by detection frequency and then by the expression level. The error bars show the standard deviations. In this plot the background threshold applied for unsupervised hierarchical clustering and PCA was not used. (B) Unsupervised hierarchical clustering allowing a separation between HSCs and non-HSCs based on ABC transporter expression profiles. Red and blue indicate high and low expression, respectively. (C) PCA of HSCs and non-HSCs based on ABC transporter expression profiles verified the resemblance among non-HSCs. This PCA mapping represents 68.1% of gene expression information. (D) Detection frequency of each transporter gene in HSCs, MSCs and USSCs. Note that some transporters are detected in all studied USSCs and MSCs but not in HSCs (e.g. ABCA4 and ABCC9).
To identify genes representative for each stem cell type, we performed Mann-Whitney U-tests. Sixteen genes defined HSCs from non-HSCs (Additional file 2: Genes defining HSCs from other stem cells). Amongst these genes some are known to be implicated in hematopoiesis, such as ABCB1 and ABCG1 [2,4,5,23]. Notably, ABCB1 is the gene to distinguish HSCs with the highest fold difference in median value (1.41E + 04 fold). Nevertheless, other transporter genes with no described hematopoietic functions, like ABCA3, ABCA5, ABCA7 and ABCD4, also discriminate HSCs from non-HSCs.
Additional file 2. Genes defining HSCs from other stem cells.
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Despite the strong similarity regarding transporter expression in non-HSCs, distinct sets of ABC transporter genes could be identified typifying each non-HSC source by Mann-Whitney U-tests (Additional file 3: Combination of ABC transporter genes unique for each subgroup of cells). Interestingly, some transporters not reportedly related to stem cell functions were significantly higher expressed in ESCs compared to other non-HSCs, such as ABCA3, ABCA7 and ABCC8. ABCG2 was differentially higher expressed in the ESC samples we studied and the expression of ABCA8 and ABCC9 was about 1000-fold lower in ESCs than in other non-HSCs. MAPCs were highlighted by ABCA13 with an expression level about 60-fold higher than in other non-HSC sources. MSCs also showed differential expression of several transporters while for USSCs only one differentially expressed transporter (ABCD4) was observed (Additional file 3). In summary, non-HSCs exhibited strikingly similar ABC expression profiles remarkably distinct from those in HSCs and HSC exhibited overall higher expression levels compared to non-HSCs. Characteristic sets of transporters in HSCs and different non-HSCs were identified, suggesting that specific combinations of transporters are important for the physiology of non-related stem cells.
Additional file 3. Combination of ABC transporter genes unique for each subgroup of cells.
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ABC transporters are not down modulated following osteogenic differentiation of USSCs
We have shown that ABC transporter expression was down modulated during the differentiation of both normal and leukemic HSCs [13]. Besides, we recently observed that some miRNAs were down regulated following osteogenic differentiation of USSCs [17]. These findings prompted us to study whether ABC transporter expression decreases following USSC differentiation. However, transporter profiling by TLDA did not reveal broad down regulation as observed in the initial steps of HSC maturation. On the contrary, some transporters were even induced (Fig. 2). This suggests that ABC transporters may serve a different function in USSCs compared to HSCs.
Figure 2. ABC transporters are not down modulated following osteogenic differentiation of USSCs. The expression levels on day 0 are set at 1 and the fold difference in expression at other time points is given on day 1, day 3 and day 7. Significant threshold is 3-fold induction or downregulation and is indicated by the grey lines. Detection count of each gene in 6 USSC samples is indicated on the bottom of the figure for each transporter. Only transporters with detection frequency above 5/6 in USSCs are included.
Mature blood cells exhibit higher expression of specific transporters compared to HSCs
The substantial expression of a broad range of ABC transporters compared to non-HSCs and committed progenitors may indicate that they play an important role in HSC biology. The implication of these transporters in HSC maintenance may be also inferred by their down regulation during early steps in HSC differentiation [13]. To study this issue in more detail we measured transporter profiles in various mature blood cell types including monocytes, granulocytes, CD71+ erythroid progenitors, T cells and NK cells in order to determine whether the high expression is unique to HSCs. Unexpectedly, most transporters were expressed at a higher level in at least one of the mature blood cell types rather than in HSCs (Fig. 3A and 3B). For instance, in T cells, NK cells and granulocytes the expression of ABCA7, ABCB2 and ABCB3 was above 10-fold higher than in HSCs. The expression of ABCD2 in T cells was evidently elevated in comparison with any other blood cell fraction. ABCB1, a gene with widely reported relevance to stem cells, exhibited in NK cells an expression level exceeding that in HSCs. Cholesterol transporter ABCA1 and lipid transporter ABCA2 were evidently higher expressed in granulocytes and NK cells, respectively, compared to HSCs. Likewise, the expression of ABCB6 and ABCB10 and ABCG2 in CD71+ erythroid progenitors was more than 40-fold above that in HSCs. The highest expression level of all the studied cell types was observed for ABCB10 in CD71+ erythroid progenitors. Unlike other transporters, ABCA13 and ABCC1 showed slightly higher expression in HSC samples compared to all mature blood cell types (less than 2-fold higher compared to granulocytes and T cells) (Fig. 3A and 3B). Consistent with the TLDA plots (Fig 3AB), unsupervised hierarchical clustering presented higher expression levels mostly in more mature blood cell samples (Fig. 3C). HSC samples fell into a distinct group apart from mature blood cell types in both unsupervised clustering and PCA. Characteristic expression patterns evidenced by separated clusters were observed for each different mature blood cell fraction except for monocytes and granulocytes, which fell into one and the same group in unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis (Fig. 3C and 3D). Of note, the CD71+ erythroid progenitor samples constituted a tight cluster in PCA, identifying these samples as a highly homogenous and specialized cell type (Fig. 3D). Differential gene expression through subgroups of mature blood cell fractions was determined by a Mann-Whitney U-test as indicated in additional file 3. Significant differences were identified in NK cells and CD71+ erythroid progenitors. ABCB1 was found to represent NK cells; so were ABCB6, ABCB10 and ABCG2 representative for erythroid progenitors.
Figure 3. Mature blood cells exhibit higher expression of specific transporters compared to HSCs. (A) (B) TLDA expression data plot. The layout of the plot is as described in the legend of figure 1 A. (C) Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of HSCs and mature blood cell types based on ABC transporter expression profiles. (D) PCA of HSCs and mature blood cell types based on ABC transporter expression profiles. This PCA mapping represents 80.2% of gene expression information.
A remarkable finding of this study is that non-HSCs from adult, neonatal or embryonic origins exhibit a very similar ABC transporter expression profile that is clearly different from HSCs (Fig. 1 A, B and 1C). Apparently HSCs rely on a different repertoire of transporters whereas for other stem cells it is more similar. Three separate clusters can be seen in Fig. 1 B for MAPCs, ESCs and USSCs/MSCs, despite the strong resemblance regarding transporter expression in non-HSCs. Although USSCs differ from MSCs with respect to telomere length, immunophenotype and differentiation potential [16], they fell into one and the same cluster in unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis based on transporter expression profiles (Fig. 1 B). This indicates a close similarity between USSCs and MSCs. Nevertheless, comparison of profiles among non-HSCs revealed differential transporter expression, especially for MAPCs and ESCs (Additional file 3). ABCA13 was representative for MAPCs by an expression level about 60-fold higher compared to other non-HSC sources. ABCA13 is expressed in human hippocampus and cortex and rare variants in this gene have been associated with neurological disorders [24]. Since ABCA family members share a cholesterol efflux related C-terminal motif, the function of ABCA13 might be lipid related as well [25]. It may explain a role for ABCA13 in neurological disorders since lipid shuttling across cell membranes is crucial to intracellular signalling pathways and neurotransmitter functions. This might imply that MAPCs rely more on lipid metabolic pathways than other non-HSCs do. Of note, ABCG2, a transporter of intense debate regarding its expression in human ESCs [8,26], was expressed at significantly higher levels in the ESC samples studied here compared to other non-HSCs (Fig. 1). This is in agreement with the study of Sarkadi et al [26]. As a principal multidrug resistant gene [1,2,4,27-31], ABCG2 can potentially protect undifferentiated ESCs against the damage caused by toxins or hypoxia. Specific roles in human disorders or physiological functions for several other transporters that are differentially expressed through non-HSC samples (Additional file 3) have been reported [32-36]. Further research on their exact function in stem cells is warranted.
Another important finding here is that out of the 23 most frequently detected and highly expressed transporters in HSCs, the majority showed lower expression in non-HSCs (Fig. 1A). Mann-Whitney U-test revealed 16 transporters to be expressed at significantly higher levels in HSCs compared to other stem cells (Additional file 2). Out of these 16 transporters, the expression of ABCB1 and ABCG1 was above 1000-fold higher in HSCs. The role of ABCB1 in bone marrow repopulation capacity and chemoresistance has been intensively studied and widely reported [1,4,5,28,37,38]. ABCG1 has been shown to regulate proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells through high-density lipoprotein [23,39]. ABCG2, one of the major multidrug transporters [1,2,4,27-31], is not consistently detectable in HSCs, which is in agreement with a recent report showing that ABCG2 expression is not correlated to hematopoietic progenitor function [6]. On the other hand, some differentially expressed genes (above 10-fold higher) have not been reported to have immediate relevance to hematopoiesis, such as ABCA3, ABCA5, ABCA7 and ABCD4. These genes might be involved in lipid transport or intracellular trafficking of peroxisomes or lysosomes [32-34,40-42]. Lipid redistribution is required for polarization of HSCs, which is essential to initiate migration, hence lipid transporters (such as ABCA3 and ABCA7) may potentially influence HSC migration [31]. A few transporters, including ABCA1, ABCB6, ABCB8 and ABCD3, were similarly expressed in both HSCs and non-HSCs but still at a lower level compared to mature blood cell types. Notably, a set of transporters was consistently detected in MSCs and USSCs but scarcely detectable in HSCs, including ABCA4, ABCA8, ABCC9 and ABCG4 (Fig. 1 D). ABCA4, ABCA8 along with ABCG4 might play a role in brain lipid transport [42] and ABCC9 constitutes the regulatory subunit of an ATP-sensitive potassium channel [43,44]. These four transporters were not significantly expressed in mature blood cell types either, representing a specific signature of non-HSCs.
To further study the relevance of the finding that a broad range of transporters exhibited higher expression levels in HSCs compared to non-HSCs we analyzed mature blood cell types. It was observed that only ABCA13 and ABCC1 were slightly higher expressed in HSCs than in mature blood cell types. As discussed above, ABCA13 might play a role in lipid redistribution [24,25,31]. As HSC polarization is accompanied by redistribution of transmembrane lipid rafts and a polarized morphology is required for cells to initiate migration [31], it will be interesting to investigate whether ABCA13 contributes to HSC migration. ABCC1 is known to be involved in chemoresistance of hematological cancer stem cells [11,12], however it is not obviously down regulated throughout differentiation, questioning its contribution to stem cell integrity. Actually most transporters showed evidently higher expression in developed blood cell types (Fig. 3A,B and 3C), challenging the concept that individual transporters may function in maintaining stem cell integrity [1,2,4,5]. For instance, outstanding high expression levels were observed for ABCB2 and ABCB3 in granulocytes, T cells and NK cells (Fig. 3A and 3B). ABCB2 (TAP1) and ABCB3 (TAP2) belong to the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) family, which is crucial for the adaptive immune system. TAP translocates proteasomal degradation products into the endoplasmic reticulum, in order to present them to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I molecules [45]. This suggests an association of the high expression of ABCB2 and ABCB3 with their specific immunological function in T cells and granulocytes. In CD71+ erythroid progenitors the expression of ABCB6, ABCB10 and ABCG2 was extremely high in comparison with HSCs and other mature blood cell types. These transporters have been implicated in porphyrin transport and/or heme biosynthesis, which explains their high expression in haemoglobin synthesizing cells[46-51]. Given that mature blood cell types exhibit higher transporter expression compared to HSCs, it will be important to compare transporter expression signatures in tissues derived from non-HSCs.
Here we identified specific ABC transporter expression signature in non-HSCs compared to HSCs. Four transporters, ABCA4, ABCA8, ABCC9 and ABCG4, are of special interest since they are expressed in non-HSCs but hardly detectable in HSCs or mature blood cells. The high expression of several transporters in committed blood cells challenges the concept that individual ABC transporters may maintain stem cell integrity by protecting them against xenobiotics [1,2,4,5]. Instead, a distinct ABC transporter expression signature might be essential for stem cell function rather than overexpression of single transporters. These findings warrant further studies on specific transporters in different cell types.
List of abbreviations
ABC transporters: ATP-binding cassette transporters; HSCs: Hematopoietic stem cells; Non-HSCs: Non-hematopoietic stem cells; TLDA: Taqman Low Density Arrays; USSCs: Unrestricted somatic stem cells; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; ESCs: Embryonic stem cells; MAPCs: Multipotent adult progenitor cells
Authors' contributions
LT participated in micofluidic card experiments, performed the data analysis and drafted the manuscript. SB carried out the micofluidic card experiments and participated in cell line material collection. CG performed the statistical analysis. TW participated in the design of the study. JJ participated in the design of the study. BR conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. RR conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Authors' information
The authors report no conflict of interest in connection with this manuscript.
This work was supported by grants from the Dutch Program in Tissue Engineering (DPTE).
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Ringner M: What is principal component analysis?
Nature Biotechnology 2008, 26:303-304. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
de Graaf AO, van Krieken JH, Tonnissen E, Wissink W, van de LL, Overes I, Dolstra H, de WT, van der Reijden BA, Jansen JH: Expression of C-IAP1, C-IAP2 and SURVIVIN discriminates different types of lymphoid malignancies.
Br J Haematol 2005, 130:852-859. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Armstrong AJ, Gebre AK, Parks JS, Hedrick CC: ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 negatively regulates thymocyte and peripheral lymphocyte proliferation.
J Immunol 2010, 184:173-183. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Knight HM, Pickard BS, Maclean A, Malloy MP, Soares DC, McRae AF, Condie A, White A, Hawkins W, McGhee K, van BM, Macintyre DJ, Starr JM, Deary IJ, Visscher PM, Porteous DJ, Cannon RE, St CD, Muir WJ, Blackwood DH: A Cytogenetic Abnormality and Rare Coding Variants Identify ABCA13 as a Candidate Gene in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression.
Am J Hum Genet 2009. PubMed Abstract | PubMed Central Full Text
Fitzgerald ML, Okuhira K, Short GF, Manning JJ, Bell SA, Freeman MW: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 contains a novel C-terminal VFVNFA motif that is required for its cholesterol efflux and ApoA-I binding activities.
Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004, 279:48477-48485. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Sarkadi B, Orban TI, Szakacs G, Varady G, Schamberger A, Erdei Z, Szebenyi K, Homolya L, Apati A: Evaluation of ABCG2 Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Crossing the Same River Twice?
Stem Cells 2009. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Huls M, Ulloa-Montoya F, Luttun A, Menke AL, van Bolderen L, Woestenenk R, Bueters RRG, Russel FGM, Verfaillie CM, Masereeuw R: Breast Cancer Resistance Protein 1 (Bcrp) and P-Glycoprotein (Mdr1) Are Key Players in Renal Regeneration After Ischemic Injury.
Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology 2009, 379:204.
Svirnovski AI, Shman TV, Serhiyenka TF, Savitski VP, Smolnikova VV, Fedasenka UU: ABCB1 and ABCG2 proteins, their functional activity and gene expression in concert with drug sensitivity of leukemia cells.
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J Exp Ther Oncol 2009, 8:5-24. PubMed Abstract
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Giebel B, Corbeil D, Beckmann J, Hohn J, Freund D, Giesen K, Fischer J, Kogler G, Wernet P: Segregation of lipid raft markers including CD133 in polarized human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
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Kaminski WE, Wenzel JJ, Piehler A, Langmann T, Schmitz G: ABCA6, a novel a subclass ABC transporter.
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Exhibit by the Jewish Women Artists' Network Opens at American Jewish University
Exhibition Dates: February 22 – April 5, 2009Meet the Artists - Brunch/ Reception: Sunday, March 1, 11:30AM – 1:30PM
The Jewish Women Artists' Network, JWAN, is pleased to announce its annual juried national exhibition of painting, sculpture, collage, drawing, photography, video and installation by artists from across the United States. With a variety of media and a diversity of interpretation and presentation, 30 selected artists respond to the theme, Like Water on Rock. The exhibit opens during the College Art Association and Womens' Caucus for Art national conferences.
The title of this exhibit relates the phenomenon of the soft continuous drip of water that eventually erodes a hard rock to personal, familial, communal or global challenge and change. The poetry and image of Like Water on Rock provoke a variety of responses and suggests a relationship between time, the human process, the persistence of change and the many layers of meaning that speak to each artist in her own way.
Dr. Barbara Gilbert, Senior Curator Emeritia of The Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles, selected the work for this exhibition. Excerpts from Gilbert's catalogue essay point out the great diversity in this exhibition as well as the wide range of personal expression: "Beginning in the nineteen-sixties when artists in greater numbers began to explore the potential of their Jewish heritage, most efforts were identity-based. Like Water on Rock provides an opportunity for artists to transcend this earlier approach, challenging them to think expansively and take ideas and values inherent to Jewish tradition, adapting them to concerns of the larger society."
The participating artists are Linda Arreola, Ruth Askren, Madeleine Avirov, Helene Aylon, Carol Buchman, Emily Corbato, Anne Doris-Eisner, Harriet Finck, Karen Frostig, Teresa Gale, Sari Gilbert-Batchelor, Fay Grajower Beth Haber, Katherine Janus Kahn, Rachel Kanter, Julie Klaper, Wendy Sue Lamm, Elaine Langerman, Aline Mare, Freyda Miller, Priscilla Otani, Margaret Parker, Roxanne Phillips, Cindy Rinne, Launa Romoff, Dawn Saks, Masha Schweitzer, Margaret Silverman, Simone Soltan and Marian Yap.
The Jewish Women Artist's Network is a special interest group within the National Women's Caucus for Art (WCA) and is the only organization of professional Jewish women artists in the United States. This exhibit travels to the Finegood Gallery, Jewish Valley Federation Valley Alliance, West Hills, CA June 7 - August 24 and then to the Gotthelf Gallery at the San Diego Center for Jewish Culture, La Jolla, CA September 10- October 30, 2009.
Gallery hours are Sunday through Thursday 10 am to 4 pm, Friday 10am to 2 pm. Parking is free. For more information about Like Water on Rock, or to schedule a guided tour, please call (310) 476-9777 ext. 201.


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About party_animal
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That's very over simplified, brother. There are more than one group of "freedom fighters" in Syria and Iraq. But seeing as how people in here are certain we outright armed ISIS, I'm going to assume you're all WTI analysts and not relying strictly on what you get from misinformed/slanted press clippings and editorials.
pstall liked a post in a topic: Matt Drudge: 'America Has Been Arming ISIS'
Lol @ the notion of the U.S. outright arming the same network of terrorists we spent almost a decade dismantling in Iraq. Even funnier, the idea that if something like this happened that "neocons" are responsible, despite the fact these types of policies are originated in the white house. Come on guys, it's not 2005 anymore. Stop using decade old excuses to prop up tin foil theories.
Worldwide Travel Alert
party_animal posted a topic in The LoungePosted this morning from the USDOS. Didn't put this in the tinderbox because, I don't want it to engender a debate on DAESH. Please, if you plan to travel this holiday season or if you have family traveling please tell them exercise vigilance and caution. Stay safe and have a great holiday season. http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/en/alertswarnings/worldwide-travel-alert.html
teeray liked a post in a topic: Open WWE/NXT/Pro Wrestling thread
LOL. Done with this product for a while. Survivor's Series was a joke. Wake me up in time for Wrestlemania. The Panthers are 10-0.
party_animal liked a post in a topic: Official Redskins at Panthers Gameday Thread
I don't even think Cesaro needs Paul E. He's doing fine on his own. He's gotten over by himself twice now. The issue is that Vince hates when people get over their own and it goes against his plan. See Zack Ryder as an example.
Cracka McNasty liked a post in a topic: Cam has ruined a young girls entire LIFE
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Cam has ruined a young girls entire LIFE
party_animal replied to Darth Biscuit's topic in Carolina PanthersLe Batard was talking about this on the radio today. They touched on the racial aspect of why people have a problem with Cam celebrating. It was spot on. As for the Titans fans:
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Miami Hurricanes Interested in Shula
party_animal posted a topic in Carolina Panthershttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/2582891-miami-head-coach-search-latest-news-rumors-after-al-goldens-firing
In all the excitement, this can't be forgotten
party_animal replied to Jeremy Igo's topic in Carolina PanthersMy wife personally knew the guy whose initials were on Funchess' helmet. When his body came back to Shelby it was a big deal for the town. This type of gesture is amazing. It means a lot to see gold star families and the memories of their lost loved ones being honored this way.


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Colombia violence continues to flare up
The demonstrations began in Colombia on Monday and are part of national strikes against President Juan Manuel Santos' agriculture and economic policies."Violence continues to flare up across Colombia as authorities attempt to remove dozens of roadblocks set up by farmers and truckers, who are protesting the government's economic policies. On Friday, agricultural workers for a fifth day blocked the country's highways for a variety of demands that include reduced gasoline prices, increased subsidies and the suspension of free trade agreements. Clashes between police and farm workers became violent this week, with demonstrators throwing rocks and explosives and setting fire to tires in roadways. Police fired teargas to disperse the demonstrators. The demonstrations began on Monday and are part of national strikes against President Juan Manuel Santos' agriculture and economic policies. Protesters also say free trade agreements with Europe and the United States are making it difficult to compete with cheap imports. The rallies have been largely concentrated outside the capital but have recently moved closer to the capital Bogota. Colombia's Defense Minister Juan Carlos Pinzon said on Thursday that the protest has been infiltrated by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), who called the rallies a valid response to "neoliberal economic policies." "Everyone knows that the terrorist FARC end up infiltrating these kinds of protests and cause disorder," Pinzon said. Interior Minister Fernando Carrillo has urged the farmers to avoid violence in order to facilitate negotiations. On Monday, more than 150,000 Colombian farm workers staged protest marches in rural areas. Some 20 rallies and four major demonstrations were held and 11 roadblocks had been set up by the protesters, according to police. Organizers of the protests demand President Juan Manuel Santos to set up a national dialogue to discuss land and other farm related issues, including subsidies to coffee farmers. Santos promised higher subsidies in March, however, farmers said that it is not enough, as coffee growers have seen a 40 percent drop in international prices over the past year. Santos had urged the workers for the past few weeks to call off the strike. On August 15, Santos voiced his frustration over the workers' refusal to cancel, calling them "useful idiots" who were being manipulated by powerful political interests against him. YH/HN


text: Hey guys Im planning on building my first AR15, and I want to know what the best quality is. What is the Rolls Royce of Lower receivers for the AR 15? And what is the best deal as far as quality in comparison to price for the AR15? Note that this will be a California Legal AR so I will proboboly have a Price 50 mag lock on it. Also I have heard that California might make all pistol grips illegal even if they have a mag lock so I was planning on getting a couple of Lowers and builing one right away but saving the other ones to build later, so If there are two or three lowers you guys think are good let me know I might get a few different brands as long as they are quality. Another question are there certian brands illegal only in Claifornia? If so what brands are legal? Thanks guys youre all a really big help.


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|Perl: the Markov chain saw
Re^5: CPAN ask me install a package repeatlyby Riales (Hermit)
|on Feb 22, 2012 at 20:45 UTC ( #955619=note: print w/ replies, xml )
|Need Help??
I'm fairly ignorant as to what's really happening when I install a module via MCPAN, but in my experience it seems that some modules require root to install properly...but let me know if this is a misconception on my part!
In Section Seekers of Perl Wisdom


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Bemoaning lost memorabilia
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December 30 2012, 05:18 AM
Rear Admiral
Location: Near Manhattan ··· in an alternate reality
Re: Bemoaning lost memorabilia
We don't actually own anything... just rented for a while. Hopefully you enjoyed your memorabilia while you had it in hand. Now some other folks are enjoying it... or hanging onto it in hopes of appreciation.
I've had some Star Trek memorabilia that I later sold... yet lost money when considering the depreciated US dollar. The only thing that has seriously gone up are some Master Replicas props. But I don't plan to let go of those for a very long time.
But yeah, I had some great memorabilia from other franchises that I wish I'd kept. I had
large Lost In Space B9 robots (like 24" tall), the ones with lights and sounds. One got bashed up in some aggressive rough housing and the other was given away to some kid unbeknownst to me (which my mother regretted doing, after she got wind of my reaction). I also had a G.I. Joe with space suit and Mercury capsule. I don't even want to begin to look at resale on those! It would probably make me sick.
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Saul and Jonathan Die on Mount Gilboa
1Now the Philistines were fighting against Israel, and the men of Israel fled before the Philistines, and they fell slain on Mount Gilboa. 2And the Philistines overtook Saul and his sons, and the Philistines killed Jonathan and Abinadab and Malki-Shua, the sons of Saul. 3Saul was in the thick of the battle,#Literally "The battle weighed heavily on Saul" and the archers#Literally "the shooters, the men with the bow" spotted#Hebrew "found" him, and he was badly wounded by the archers. 4Then Saul said to his armor bearer,#Literally "the carrier of his weapons" "Draw your sword and thrust me through with it, so that these uncircumcised do not come and thrust me through and make a fool of me!" But his armor bearer#Literally "the carrier of his weapons" was not willing to do so because he was very afraid. So Saul took the sword and fell on it. 5And when his armor bearer#Literally "the carrier of his weapons" saw that Saul was dead, he also fell on his sword and died with him. 6So Saul died, and his three sons, his armor bearer,#Literally "the carrier of his weapons" and all his men together that same day.
7And when the men of Israel who were on the other side of the valley and those who were beyond the Jordan saw that the men of Israel had fled and that Saul and his sons were dead, they abandoned the towns and fled. Thus the Philistines came and lived in them.
8And then#Literally, "And it happened" the next day, the Philistines came to strip the dead and they found Saul and his three sons lying dead on Mount Gilboa. 9So they cut off his head and stripped off his armor. Then they sent messengers around in the land of the Philistines to proclaim victory in the temples#Or "houses" of their idols and to the people. 10And they put his armor in the temple#Or "house" of the Ashtoreth,#Hebrew plural "Ashtaroth" (Ashtoreth was the female consort of Ba'al) and they fastened his corpse to the wall of Beth Shan. 11When the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead heard about it, what the Philistines had done to Saul, 12all of the valiant men#Literally "the men of ability" set out and went all night and took the corpse of Saul and the corpses of his sons from the wall of Beth Shan, and they came to Jabesh and burned them there. 13Then they took their bones and buried them under the tamarisk in Jabesh, and they fasted for seven days.
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Coastal Commission to rule on Beach Chalet soccer project
The California Coastal Commission will decide tomorrow (Thu/9) whether San Francisco and its Recreation and Parks Department violated the Coastal Act in approving a renovation of Golden Gate Park's Beach Chalet soccer fields that uses artificial turf and stadium lights and seating. [UPDATE 3pm: The commission just approved the project. Full story coming soon.]
SF Ocean Edge, a group comprised mostly of environmentalists and neighbors of the site where the park meets the ocean, has been fighting the project since its inception. They got a big boost recently when the Coastal Commission staff recommended rejection of the project, finding that it violated requirements that coastal areas should remain in a naturalistic state and be open to the general public.
"Going into any hearing, you never know what's going to happen, but the staff report was excellent," group spokesperson Kathy Howard told the Guardian. "They have a lot of good idea for renovations to the area which would allow more than just organized sports teams to use the area."
Spokespersons for the Recreation and Park Department didn't return Guardian calls for comment. The hearing is being held in San Rafael, with this item expected to be heard starting at 9:30-10am, Howard said. Check in here later in the day for a full report.
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How Mike Myers and Dana Carvey Resolved Their 'Wayne's World'-'Austin Powers' Feud
The Hollywood Reporter -- This story first appeared in the April 26 issue of The Hollywood Reporter magazine.
"Not!" In-the-know filmmakers must have been bowled over to hear that Mike Myers, Dana Carvey and director Penelope Spheeris are all slated to attend a Wayne's World reunion panel April 23 at the Academy's Wilshire Boulevard headquarters.
After all, Carvey and Spheeris both notoriously fell out with Myers despite the 1992 feel-good film's huge success. Myers blocked Spheeris from directing the 1993 sequel because she'd ignored his edit suggestions on the original (her cut already had tested well). And Carvey felt Myers later stole his Dr. Evil impression for Austin Powers, which supposedly was based on Carvey's goof on Lorne Michaels.
PHOTOS: From Live TV to the Big Screen: 12 'SNL' Sketches Made Into Movies
The SNL creator, a Wayne's World producer, will host the panel, which will be introduced by another of the film's producers, current Academy president Hawk Koch. It was he who encouraged the parties finally to make public peace.
According to Spheeris, it was time to let bygones be bygones anyway. "We're all getting too old to be pissed," she says. "Wayne's World has such a beautiful, uplifting spirit about it. Why should there be a dark cloud? This is going to be cathartic. Everyone's going to walk out of there high -- sort of like they did when they watched the movie."
Related article on THR.com:
Academy Stages 'Wayne's World' Reunion With Mike Myers, Dana Carvey
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Find more online: THR.com
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Restaurant offers a 5% discount to eat without your phone. CNN
Cell phones often claim a spot on the table in restaurants, sitting right next to utensils, plates and glasses. One restaurant is trying to change that.(Read more)
Lysa TerKeurst talking about what causes you to come Unglued and how do you handle it.
Plastic versions of Christianity shut people down.
Four types of reactions.
Why did you write the book?
I am this kind of person, now what?
Inside Chatter
Danica McKellar's 5 tips to conquer math phobia, for your kids' sake. TODAY
Visit NBCNews.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy
Much like how moms can model positive body image, we can influence our kids' outlook on math in healthy ways. Math is a crucially important subject that all too often gets rejected, especially by girls, and then they risk missing out on the brain-building, confidence-boosting gifts that tackling math has to offer. Here are some tips for how to start your kids off on the right foot, and keep math phobia away!
1. Starting when they are toddlers, point out math in everyday life.
2. Hide your math phobia, if you have any.
(Read more)
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Gerard C. Ross
Position: DB
Height: 6-1 Weight: 200 lbs.
Born: December 27, 1982 in Jacksonville, FL
High School: Trinity Christian
College: Florida St. (school history) (Ross college stats)
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 0 (14739th overall since 1950)
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