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Simmons, "chance at the cup". Like which team? Minnesota like people guesses? I know it looks bad in NJ at the moment, 2nd round in the playoffs so far and with quality prospects brewing in Josefson, Merrill and Wedgewood. Almost every column or interview i see from Simmons it just makes me wanna smack the guy.
Sunday notes on Pietrangelo, Staal, Oilers, Lightning, Senators, Cleary, Coyotes, Leafs and Canucks
- Dan O'Neill of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch: Blues defenseman Alex Pietrangelo left in the 2nd period after being hit face first into the boards by Dwight King. He'll be evaluated over tonight and an update should be given today.
- Rich Hammond of LA Kings Insider: From officiating supervisor Kay Whitmore on King's hit:
Question: As far as the aftermath, Pietrangelo being cut, did that warrant a five-minute major?
WHITMORE: "In these situations, if a player is cut to the face, and it's visible right away, instantly, they'll call a major … in most cases. In this case, they didn't see the cut, the small cut, under his chin from what I've been told until up to a minute or so after when they were over by the bench. So it was a delay, a period of time that went by, and it's tough for them to go over and say, 'It's a major now' … because they didn't see it after the scrum. He got off the ice. There was no visible blood. If it was running down his forehead or his cheek, it's automatic. It's a major game-misconduct. In this instance, they didn't see it initially right away. They didn't see the blood running down his chin, in his beard … one of those things."
- David Staple of the Edmonton Journal: Should the Oilers trade the 1st overall pick for Jordan Staal? (Poll: 141-No, 80-Yes) Speculation out there is that Staal could become available for the right price. Staple's:
Staal is a big, strong and fairly aggressive two-way centre, still in his prime, capable of playing the toughest minutes. He won't come cheap, but he'll likely be worth the money over the next six or seven years if he can stay healthy.
He is exactly the kind of player the Oilers need at centre, giving the team an excellent one-two punch with Ryan Nugent-Hopkins. While the Oilers have been a weak team, the thought of playing with wingers like Jordan Eberle, Taylor Hall and Ales Hemsky might be enticing for Staal. He'd certainly have a bigger role here.
- Erik Erlendsson of the Tampa Tribune: The Lightning need to acquire a long-term goalie this offseason. They were acquiring assets in hope that they could do a deal with the Canucks for Cory Schneider, but now it appears that Schneider is staying. Roberto Luongo is expected to submit a list to Canucks with teams he'd be willing to accept a trade too, and the Lightning are expected to be on it. 10 years left on his deal may be too much of the Lightning, especially with Vinny Lecavalier's contract, unless he's apart of the deal. So their may not be a match for the Lightning and Canucks. Other possibilities could be: Tim Thomas (1 year left on contract), Tomas Vokoun (UFA), Jonathan Bernier, Josh Harding, Anders Lindback and Riku Helenius.
- Bruce Garrioch of the Ottawa Sun: Senators GM Bryan Murray said they need to add a defenseman and maybe a top 6 forward to play with Kyle Turris.
"Our goaltending was really solid, we've got depth there, no question some decisions have to be made on the blueline. Offensively on the blueline, we're really good," said Murray. "We have to find out if one of these (UFAs) we have will come back and be solid or do we have to go get another guy? Up front, we're always looking for somebody to step in and score goals. That line with (captain Daniel Alfredsson) played with Turris, if we had one more guy that could score consistently or be a 20-to-25 goal scorer would make our team different."
Erik Karlsson may be looking for a deal in the $6.5-7.5 million per season range.
"I'm not worried about Erik. We'll get a deal done. It's not going to be hurried up by any means," he said. "We'll talk over the next few weeks, probably to his agent to start. There's no immediate demand. We're not playing for awhile."
- Ian Mendes via twitter: Senators GM Bryan Murray said he won't automatically qualify all of their RFAs. Bruce Garrioch via twitter: Murray also said that he may go shopping on July 1st to speed up the process of getting better.
- Helene St. James of the Detroit Free Press: Red Wings Danny Cleary will under knee surgery this week. He now wishes he had surgery on it last November is it got progressively worse over the season. The surgery will fix "significant issues — tears, loose cartilage, bone-on-bone, lot of fluid. The buildup of fluid was a major issue. I'm hoping to get it resolved."
- Lisa Halverstadt of the Arizona Republic: Glendale's chief negotiator told City Council last week that any deal to keep the Coyotes in Glendale will require millions of taxpayers money each year, and taking on the costs of managing the Jobing.com arena. It's not the type of deal Glendale had envisioned when they built the arena.
- Steve Simmons of the Toronto Sun: If the Maple Leafs and Cancuks talk about Roberto Luongo, and the Canucks had to take back a bad contract, they may rather have Matthew Lombardi over Mike Komisarek. Lou Lamoriello told Simmons that Zach Parise isn't going anywhere, but others think he'll sign with another team that has a chance at the cup.
9 Comments
Of course they'd want Lombardi. He only has one year left, while Komisarek has 2, and both at the same cap hit. Considering Luongo has 10 years left, I think Komisarek is a fair 'bad contract' return.
Jordan Stall is coming to the New York Rangers next year in a trade for defensemen that Pittsburg desperately need. Will probably be something like Marc Stall, Anton Stralman and one of these guys: Tim Erixson, Mats Zuccarello, Michael Sauer, Steve Eminger, Stu Bickel, or Jeff Woywitka. Rangers are HUGE on defensemen this season and need an up-front point man, especially for the anemic power play. Only untouchable Ranger defensemen are Michael Del Zotto (+20), who looks like another Brian Letch, Ryan McDonagh (+25), and probably Dan Giradi (+13).
Pittsburg might also ask for a highly capable third line center as part of the deal in which case they could get Artem Anisimov (+12) or Brandon Dubinsky (+16) along with Marc Stall, a defenseman from the above list, and a high level draft pick.
Rob, do you honestly think the Penguins are going to do a second rate deal like that when the talk for Staal is a# 1 pick? Sorry to bust your bubble, but if the Rangers called Shero with that kind of offer he would probably laugh hysterically before hanging up the phone. Not to mention we would be trading a future star to a conference rival ….. Not going to happen.
An unproven draft pick is much less of a substantial offer. The Ranger defense is the best in the league and they are proving it. Pittsburg needs defense more than they need a draft pick. As for bubbles bursting, where is your lowly team today? Rangers are going to the cup finals, for sure. And they are going there because of their expert defense. You can take that to the bank…
The only defense that the Penguins would trade Jordan Staal to the Rangers for is Lundqvist. Del Zotto was available last year for a 2nd Round Pick and nobody wanted him. Opinions on complimentary players change every year but star players command a high price, especially when they haven't demanded a trade. The only way Staal gets traded for prospects is if he acts like Rick Nash and demands out of Pittsburgh. All 30 teams want a Jordan Staal on their team. Even the #1 overall pick from Edmonton would not be enough. The trade would have to be expanded for it to happen. Next thing we will hear is that Crosby is going to the Rangers for Marc Staal, Chris Kreider, Brandon Dubinsky and a First Round Draft Choice so that the league can market him better. Won't happen either.
j.staal isnt the second coming of sliced bread… the 1st from edmonton would be enough… unlikely trade to happen though…
it will be interesting to see what happens in pittsburgh.. fleury and the d looked horrible in the playoffs… crosby.. who knows.. he is awesome, but his awkward 'i dont like them' comments made the whole series into a circus to go along with all the shitty hockey they were playing..
I don't actually support this idea, but it is kind of an interesting thought. Why not shop Crosby? The team was unbeatable without him, and they could use the cap space.
It's kinda stupid because when he's healthy, he's the best in the game easily. But, at the same time it makes some sense.
I'm sure there's a stupid team out there who would love to trade away 5 1st round picks and empty the farm for him.
Stahl is coming to the Rangers. Pittsburg wants Ranger defensemen and New York needs a 70 point center man. It makes perfect sense. They get three very good young defensemen for Stahl, the Rangers get Stahl and trade Gaborik to unload his salary. How many Ranger games have you watched this year? They lead the league in blocked shots. They are among the very best plus/minus ratios in the league.


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Green Concerns Driving Seals Market Growth
As shale gas exploration and the launch of high-value projects in power and water industries lead to new pump and equipment installations, environmental and health concerns for such projects are spurring growth in the US seals market, according to research by Frost & Sullivan.
The seals market earned revenue of more than $2.13 billion in 2012 and should reach $2.93 billion in 2019, according to Analysis of the North American Seals Market.
Seals are mandatory in highly regulated industries, such as refining and chemical processing, where the release of hazardous materials are harmful to people or the environment. Seals are also popular in food and pharmaceutical industries where it is critical to prevent external agents from entering the manufacturing process, according to the research.
Improving reliability and performance in industries is fueling the uptake of mechanical seals. Despite their high initial prices, benefits such as decreased maintenance costs and reducing product leakage sustain sale volumes, the research says.
However, new sales opportunities are limited due to the maturity of the North American market. Shifting of industries such as chemicals, pulp and paper, and pharmaceuticals to low-cost manufacturing regions adds to the challenge. The promising seal-less pump technology with its low cost and maintenance also affects market growth in the long term, according to the report. Research and development, especially in mechanical seals, is crucial to widen the product's application scope and gain a competitive edge, it says.
According to research released by Frost & Sullivan in July, environmental and health concerns are also driving growth in the US water treatment equipment market.
That market is projected to grow 5.9 percent a year to reach $13 billion in 2017, gains largely driven by concerns over the health risks and environmental impacts of biological contaminants, chemicals and disinfection byproducts in supply water and wastewater, Frost & Sullivan forecasts.
Stay Up-to-Date On Environmental Management, Energy & Sustainability News with EL's Free Daily Newsletter
Reader Comments
Fracking has started to show signs of infancy over here in the UK. To be fair (due to our weather) I would much prefer they concentrate on our wind and water energy, the UK is perfect for it. However, after reading that energy bills are now down to a third in the average American household then surely it can only be good for the UK economy, and especially us homeowners?
Energy Manager News
- Energy Storage in the Fast Lane
- Alberta Firm Aims for Energy Neutral Egg Laying Barn
- The Department of Energy Seeks to Improve the Better Buildings Challenge
- Behind the Meter: The Many Advantages of Energy Benchmarking
- Telecommunications Companies Upgrade Their Approaches to Energy
- Cutting Energy Use in Fire Stations
- Revolution Lighting Signs School Districts in NY, NJ
- Green Building Boom Is Pumping Billions into US Economy, Retrofits Are Fueling the Trend

subset: commoncrawl


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Dr. Edison Han specializes in general dentistry in Covina, California.
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November 28, 2015
MONTGOMERY, Ala. (AP) - State Rep. Butch Taylor has been
appointed to fill former state Rep. Sue Schmitz' seat on the House
committee that writes the state education budget.
House Speaker Seth Hammett said he appointed Taylor, a former
teacher and coach in Madison County, to fill the seat on the House
Education Appropriations Committee.
Schmitz, a Democrat from Toney, had to give up her seat last
month when she was convicted of federal fraud charges.
Taylor is serving his first term in the Legislature. He was
elected in a special election to fill a north Alabama seat left
vacant by the death of Rep. Albert Hall. Taylor is a Democrat from
New Hope.
(Copyright 2009 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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- ParaguayRetailFunding via Fundación Paraguaya
MartinaParaguayRetailFunding via Fundación Paraguaya
Virgen Del ...ParaguayRetailFunding via Fundación Paraguaya
Mujeres Unidas Group
One of the members known for being very enterprising is Florencia who has a store where she offers basic products and more that her customers may need, furthermore she sells all her products like cheese, cassava, vegetables and other products. She is a woman who sacrifices and struggles, and wants to get ahead and help her family and loved ones through her work.
She is requesting a loan to be able to stock her store with all types of products, such as vegetables, meat, fruit, baked goods, milk products and more, this way she will be able to continue working as she always has done. She is thankful for the opportunity she will receive, it will be a great help.
Una de las integrantes que se caracteriza por ser muy emprendedora es la Sra. Florencia quien tiene una despensa donde ofrece productos de primera necesidad y otras que sus clientes pueda necesitar, además ella vende en su negocio toda su producción como queso, mandioca, verduras y otros productos. Ella es una mujer muy sacrificada y luchadora, que quiere salir adelante y ayudar a su familia y seres queridos por medio de su trabajo.
Pide este préstamo para poder surtir su despensa con todo tipo de productos, como ser verduras, carne, frutas, panificados, lácteos, y demás, de manera a poder seguir con su trabajo como lo viene haciendo. Agradece por esta oportunidad que recibe que le será de mucha ayuda.
Additional Information
About Fundación ParaguayaFundación Paraguaya is a financially self-sustaining social enterprise that promotes entrepreneurship in urban and rural areas through microfinance, education programs, and more. Its focus on agriculture has helped many farmers boost their crop yields. And a number of other borrowers have taken out loans to start and grow social businesses that have helped deliver eyeglasses, medicines and other helpful services in their local communities.
This is a Group Loan
In a group loan, each member of the group receives an individual loan but is part of a larger group of individuals. The group is there to provide support to the members and to provide a system of peer pressure, but groups may or may not be formally bound by a group guarantee. In cases where there is a group guarantee, members of the group are responsible for paying back the loans of their fellow group members in the case of delinquency or default.
Kiva's Field Partners typically feature one borrower from a group. The loan description, sector, and other attributes for a group loan profile are determined by the featured borrower's loan. The other members of the group are not required to use their loans for the same purpose.
Loan tags help lenders find loans that match certain areas of interest. You can add up to 5 tags for this loan.
About Paraguay
51View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 9 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Jun 27, 2014
- Listed
- Aug 4, 2014
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Possible
- Ended:
- Jan 17, 2015


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In my deadlift help thread, I just realized I'm going to have to not train the week before the meet.
Normally, 3 days is my max of not lifting before being around other people is REALLY hard.
I don't know if I can handle 4-7 days of not lifting. Well, if I didn't have to be around ****ing idiots like I am all day @school, work and out-and-about, I think it would be manageable.
****, driving is going to be the worse.
How do you guys handle not training the week before a meet?


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Re: -need a clan--cbeck_09 Nov 20, 2012 4:20 PM (in response to iiDuece)
We have a website and are a new clan if your interested in joining visit us at http://multishootergamingnetwork.enjin.com/
Re: -need a clan--Gen_Meatwagon Nov 20, 2012 5:26 PM (in response to iiDuece)
i was just about to make us a website but if you could do it it would be great
Re: -need a clan--COD_Slayer10 Nov 20, 2012 5:29 PM (in response to iiDuece)
join Team-Relentles we are a clan looking for members for BO2 we are a clan who doent really care about K/D ratio so go and apply to Team-Relentless this clan is for ps3 and we need a website!!!
Re: -need a clan--bladesman74 Nov 20, 2012 5:32 PM (in response to iiDuece)
i run a small clan always looking for new members we play both mw3 and black ops try us out
Re: -need a clan--Gen_Meatwagon Nov 20, 2012 5:35 PM (in response to iiDuece)
dude i thought we were joining up!!!
Re: -need a clan--VexedGameProductions Nov 20, 2012 5:44 PM (in response to iiDuece)
Hey man were a new gaming community called vG Vexed Gaming and we allow everyone to join as long as you are friendly and loyal, we have our own website but we are trying to expand before going to serious just give our site a check if you interested join up and send me a message mate www.vexedgamingcommunity.enjin.com
Re: -need a clan--SubZeroPS3 Nov 20, 2012 5:51 PM (in response to iiDuece)
Established by an experienced and dedicated clan leader of over two years, DIZE is recruiting active members for (PS3) Call of Duty: Black Ops II. DIZE is a structured gaming community that focuses on becoming the best and provides an optimum environment for members. DIZE recognizes its members for accomplishments and achievements by rewarding and promoting them to higher standards in the community. DIZE is interested in:
- Active Members
- Devoted Leaders
- Supportive Teammates
With these simple three requirements, we ask no more since a mere prestige emblem does not determine a player's true abilities. A player should not only be recognized by their prestige emblem but also of what he or she is capable in the battlefield. A mic is not required but highly recommended for upcoming Clan Operations and Clan Challenges. Together we can become the best. If you are interested in joining, apply here: http://dize.enjin.com/
DIZE is legit.


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Silicon Tally: Independence and surveillance
A woman wearing oversized sunglasses lettered with the words 'stop spying' listens to speakers during the Stop Watching Us Rally protesting surveillance by the U.S. National Security Agency, on October 26, 2013, in front of the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C.
It's time for Silicon Tally. How well have you kept up with the week in tech news? This week we're joined by Julia Angwin, author of "Dragnet Nation: A Quest for Privacy, Security, and Freedom in a World of Relentless Surveillance."
Featured in: Marketplace Tech for Friday, July 4, 2014


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Canyonlands National Park is a vast place. Grand vistas, crazy rock and cliff formations and pure primitive desert atmosphere dramatically define this Utah wilderness. In an area of the park called, "The Island in the Sky", you will find the popular and well visited Mesa Arch. This amazing arch clings precariously to the side of a looming 1000 foot cliff and frames up a truly spectacular east view overlooking the sprawling Colorado river carved canyons below.
Although a now famous natural sunrise destination that has been photographed many times, I wanted to explore this area and capture its enigmatic beauty during other unpopular times of the day as well. In "Celestial Gateway", I choose to photograph the fading sunset light as darkness approached and then capture the rising constellations and the planet Jupiter above. Sunset Mesa Arch is one of the least photographed times. But the soft last light warms the topside of the stretching arch, while the dark shadows remain crisp under the arch where the sunrise otherwise illuminates.
I love this image for its infamous time of capture - its cool palette and quiet majestic reach is so different from the fiery morning sensation. And the grouping of familiar constellations overhead allows the viewer to see Mesa Arch literally in a different light. Some of the constellations over the arch are Taurus, Gemini, The Pleiades star cluster and planet Jupiter. This image is a fusion of two time slices that were about two hours apart
Related Photographs:
http://www.ephotozine.com/user/craigbill-238679/gallery/photo/stargate-36400690 http://www.ephotozine.com/user/craigbill-238679/gallery/photo/boundless-36860590 http://www.ephotozine.com/user/craigbill-238679/gallery/photo/moonshine-35464653 http://www.ephotozine.com/user/craigbill-238679/gallery/photo/canyonfire-3500499...
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|ikett · Niknut · Ray12 · christinecilia · MalcolmS · rontear · psu68 · GeorgePlatis · Paintman · Philip_H · JN_CHATELAIN_PHOTOGRAPHY · gwynn56 · limmy62 ·
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wow. christine
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We were her in September, it threw it down with rain and everything was covered in low cloud and mist.
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A very impressive photo. Excellent work.
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Page 1
Bacterial peptidoglycan degrading enzymes and their impact on
host muropeptide detection
Jessica Humann1 and Laurel L. Lenz1,2,3
1University of Colorado, Denver
2National Jewish Health
peptidoglycan; autolysin; bacteria; subversion
Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a major component of the bacterial cell envelope in both Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria. These muropeptides can be produced or modified by the activity
of bacterial glycolytic and peptidolytic enzymes referred to as PGN hydrolases and autolysins.
Some of these bacterial enzymes are crucial for bacterial pathogenicity and have been shown
to modulate muropeptide release and/or host innate immune responses. The ability of
muropeptides to modulate host responses is due to the fact that eukaryotes do not produce PGN
and have instead evolved numerous strategies to detect intact PGN and PGN fragments
(muropeptides). Here we review the structure of PGN and introduce the various bacterial
enzymes known to degrade or modify bacterial PGN. Host factors involved in PGN and
muropeptide detection are also briefly discussed, as are examples of how specific bacterial
pathogens use PGN degradation and modification to subvert host innate immunity.
Basic peptidoglycan structure
The peptidoglycan (PGN) structure of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
comprises repeating disaccharide backbones of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and β-(1-4)-N-
acetylmuramic acid (NAM) that are cross-linked by peptide stem chains attached to the NAM
residues [1]. The first two residues of the stem peptide are generally L-alanine and D-glutamine
or isoglutamine, while the last residue is typically D-alanine (Fig. 1A). In contrast, the third
residue of the stem peptide is a lysine in coccoid Gram-positive bacteria (e.g.
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species, but a meso-diaminopimelate (mDAP) residue in
both Gram-negative bacteria and many rod shaped Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria and
Bacillus species [1]. In the latter (DAP-type) PGN, mDAP residues from two adjacent stem
peptides typically link directly to each other. Conversely, the stem peptides of Lys-type PGN
are bridged by a variable peptide usually comprised of 2-5 glycine and serine residues [2,3].
Common modifications to the basic PGN structure
Modifications or variations to the basic PGN structure occur frequently amongst bacterial
species. Many modifications are species-specific due to the expression of unique synthetic,
3Corresponding author Address: National Jewish Health, Integrated Department of Immunology, Rm K510, 1400 Jackson St. Denver,
CO 80206, Phone: 303-398-1767, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
NIH Public Access
Author Manuscript
J Innate Immun. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 March 23.
Published in final edited form as:
J Innate Immun. 2009 ; 1: 88–97. doi:10.1159/000181181.
NIH-PA Author Manuscript
NIH-PA Author Manuscript
NIH-PA Author Manuscript
Page 2
modifying, or degradative enzymes. However, the PGN structure of a given bacterium may
also be changed in response to changes in growth conditions. The benefits of such modifications
include enhanced resistance to antibiotics and host degradative enzymes that target the cell
wall, and possibly impairment of detection by host innate immune receptors for intact PGN or
the peptide and glycopeptide fragments of PGN commonly referred to as "muropeptides."
Substitutions and modifications to the basic PGN structure occur in both the peptide stem and
bridge regions and in the disaccharide backbone. The disaccharide backbone can be modified
by addition of glycolic acid, via N-acylation, to muramic acid residues - as occurs in M.
tuberculosis [4]. It is also common for bacteria to deacetylate N-acetyl glucosamine residues
[5]. In some pathogenic bacteria, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Listeria
monocytogenes [6,7], the deacetylases responsible for removing these acetyl groups are crucial
for lysozyme resistance and virulence in infected animals. S. aureus employs O-acetylation as
an alternative method for modification of PGN sugars to increased resistance to lysozyme
Modifications to the peptide stem portion of PGN include substitutions of glycine or L-serine
residues for the L-alanine in position #1 in Mycobacterium leprae and Butyribacterium
rettgeri, respectively [3]. Similarly, D-glutamine at position #2 in the stem peptide can be
substituted with glycine, amidated glycine, amidated glutamine, or an amidated alanine [5]. At
position #3, L-ornithine, LL-DAP, and hydroxy-lysine can take the place of the mDAP and L-
lysine [5]. Finally, the length and proportion of glycine versus serine residues in the bridge
peptides of Staphyloccocal Lys-type PGN can be altered by expression of FemAB and
homologous nonribosomal peptidyltransferases [9-11].
Bacterial growth phase also affects PGN structure. For example, the PGN of stationary phase
B. subtilis is more highly cross-linked than that found in rapidly growing bacteria [12].
Likewise, E. coli that is not actively growing has PGN with a higher degree cross-linking, an
increase in lipoprotein additions, and shorter glycan strands compared to actively dividing E.
coli [13]. Several other bacterial pathogens enter into more unique "non-growth states"
associated with PGN modifications: Bacillus and Clostridium species substantially alter their
PGN between vegetative and spore-forming stages. Pathogenic Mycobacteria do not form
spores, but enter into dormant states with modified PGN structure during latent infection. When
exiting "non-growth" states, resuscitation promoting factors (RPFs) promote cell-wall
digestion and reactivation from dormancy in Mycobacteria [14,15]. Such digestion modifies
the PGN structure and promotes the shift from dormancy into active growth. In addition to
possible direct effects on reactivation of latent infections, the digestion of PGN by RPFs and
other PGN-digesting enzymes can also lead to the release of bioactive muropeptides. The
release of muropeptides from bacterial pathogens can have profound effects on pathogenesis
and the initiation and regulation of host immune responses. This is because eukaryotic host
organisms as diverse as legumes, insects, and man have evolved multiple innate immune
receptors to detect intact PGN and several distinct muropeptides, including those illustrated in
Fig. 1B.
Bacterial PGN hydrolases
Bacteria employ several classes of PGN-hydrolyzing enzymes that participate in assembly and
disassembly of the bacterial cell wall during the processes of bacterial growth and division.
PGN-hydrolyzing enzymes that bind to and degrade intact bacterial cells or PGN of the
producing organism are classified as autolysins. Several pathogenic bacterial species have
hydrolases or autolysins that are required for bacterial pathogenicity in eukaryotic hosts.
PGN hydrolases are defined by their catalytic specificities. Two classes of these enzymes
function to digest the PGN glycan backbone: N-acetylmuramidases cleave PGN between the
Humann and LenzPage 2
J Innate Immun. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 March 23.
NIH-PA Author Manuscript
NIH-PA Author Manuscript
NIH-PA Author Manuscript
Page 3
NAG-NAM bond upstream of NAM and N-acetylglucosaminidases cleave the NAM-NAG
bond (Fig. 1A). In contrast, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidases cleave between NAM and
the first alanine of the peptide chain (Fig. 1A). Thus, catalysis by N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine
amidases separate the PGN sugar backbones from the stem peptide chain [16,17]. Another
common family of PGN hydrolase is the lytic transglycosylases (LT). These enzymes cleave
between the N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine sugar chains (Fig. 1A) to
facilitate cell growth or in some cases to make space for secretion systems and flagella [18,
19], or to produce cytotoxic muropeptides [20].
Further digestion of the stem peptide requires cleavage between stem amino acids by several
carboxy- and endopeptidases. Overall, a full complement of glycosidases, amidases, and
endopeptidases provides bacteria the capacity to fully degrade PGN and recycle cell wall
glycans and amino acids. However, such complete degradation does not always occur, as
several bacteria are known to release cell wall fragments (muropeptides) that exert potent
biological effects on the host [21]. Such bioactive muropeptides include a disaccharide-
tetrapeptide fragment of PGN known as tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) (Fig. 1B). TCT is released
by both Bordatella pertussis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and causes death of tracheal and
vaginal ciliated epithelial cells as well as induction of slow-wave sleep [22-26].
Muramyldipeptide (MDP) and related muropeptides (e.g. GMDP) influence the activation of
host immune responses and have adjuvant activity in promoting antibody responses (Fig 1B).
Domain structures of PGN-hydrolases
Sequence motifs indicative of conserved catalytic and non-catalytic domains are both typically
found in the primary amino acid sequences of PGN hydrolases. Thus, bioinformatics analyses
can be used to estimate the distribution of hydrolases with a given predicted catalytic specificity
within the genomes of different pathogen species and strains. Such analyses reveal that there
are often multiple enzymes with the same predicted cleavage specificity within a given
organism. Furthermore, the numbers of enzymes with a particular specificity varies between
species or strains. For instance, Bacillus anthracis Sterne encodes nine genes with type 2 or 3
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase domains (EC:18.104.22.168). In contrast, Mycobacterium
tuberculosis H37Rv has only four and Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e has only three genes
with such domains (Fig. 2A). The selective pressure for retaining such redundancy is not clear.
However variations in the assortments of putative non-catalytic domains, and in some case the
absence of obvious secretion signal peptides, suggest that these enzymes differ in their
regulation and/or localization within or outside the bacterium. Given that the expression
patterns of these genes may also vary, it is possible that individual enzymes with apparently
identical catalytic specificities may play distinct roles in the biology or pathogenicity of a given
bacterium. Indeed the greater number of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidases found in the
genome of B. anthracis Sterne may reflect the need for unique or "extra" amidase activity
during sporulation or spore germination.
Redundancy is also seen in another class of PGN hydrolases, D-glutamate-mDAP
endopeptidases, which cleave between the third and fourth amino acid residues of the stem
peptide in DAP-type PGN. D-glutamate-mDAP endopeptidase activity is associated with the
so-called "NlpC/P60" domain based on experimental evidence from studies with the Bacillus
subtilis LytF protein [27]. NlpC/P60 domains are typically found at the C-terminus and contain
a conserved C-terminal histidine residue. Multiple proteins with NlpC/P60 domains are found
in individual Gram-positive bacteria. Deletion of the B. subtilis lytF gene impaired bacterial
cell-wall separation and caused filamentous growth (chaining) of bacteria [27]. Another B.
subtilis protein containing an NlpC/P60 domain is CwlS, which cleaves PGN at the D-g-
glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate bond and is localized to the cell poles/separation sites of the
bacteria [28]. These data suggest possible roles for CwlF and CwlS in B. subtilis septation or
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other processes that occur at these sites. L. monocytogenes codes for at least three proteins with
NlpC/P60 domains: p60, p45, and Lmo0394 (Fig. 2B). The C-terminus of p45 is highly
homologous to the same region in p60 [29]. However, based on the inability to engineer deletion
mutants of p45, this enzyme appears to be essential for viability of L. monocytogenes.
Conversely, neither p60 nor Lmo0394 are required for L. monocytogenes viability [30].
Other conserved domains associated with PGN hydrolytic activity include the cysteine and
histidine dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase (CHAP) domain [31,32], which was first
identified in the Staphylococcus aureus LytA autolysin but is also present in Escherichia
coli glutathionylspermidine (GSP) synthetase, the putative lysin protein from Streptococcus
pyogenes, and lytic enzymes from Streptococcus agalactiae bacteriophage B30 [33] and S.
aureus phage phi MR11 [34]. Interestingly, the CHAP domain is often found in association
with other putative catalytic PGN hydrolase domains within a single protein. Thus, CHAP
domains may enable a single enzyme to have multiple or novel catalytic specificities.
PGN hydrolases and modifying enzymes also typically contain one or more conserved domains
not associated with catalytic activity per se. Such non-catalytic domains may assist in localizing
these enzymes to specific sites on the bacterial cell wall or permit their association with
bacterial co-factors or perhaps host proteins. Examples of non-catalytic domains commonly
found in bacterial PGN hydrolases include the GW domains that are associated with binding
to lipoteichoic acid, SH3-like domains that may interact with carbohydrates and/or poly-proline
stretches, the FtsN PGN binding domains, choline-binding domains, and LysM domains [35].
Interestingly, LysM-like domains are also found in receptor kinases important for recognition
of bacterial nodulation factors during the establishment of symbiotic rhizobial infections in
legumous plants [36,37].
Host detection of PGN and muropeptides
The ability of PGN and muropeptides to influence the biology of eukaryotes results from the
triggering of eukaryotic receptor systems that have evolved to detect these molecules. On the
eukaryotic host cell surface, Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 recognizes PGN or molecules
associated with PGN [38,39]. PGN or muropeptides also bind cell surface and soluble
peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs). The seventeen Drosophila PGRPs positively or
negatively influence the activation of host innate immune responses to bacteria [40-43].
Mammals also produce four known PGRPs: PGRP-S, PGRP-Iα, PGRP-Iβ, and PGRP-L [44].
However, unlike insect PGRPs, mammalian orthologs have no known signaling capabilities.
Rather, some human PGRPs bind directly to the PGN on invading pathogens and are thus
thought to interfere with PGN synthesis [45]. PGRP-L also has N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine
amidase activity [46], and thus digests PGN at position 3 in Fig. 1A. This enzymatic activity
may digest intact bacteria and/or reduce host pro-inflammatory responses to PGN or
muropeptides [47]. However, while PGRP-L contributes to antibacterial Drosophila immune
responses [48-50], its influence on mammalian innate immunity is less clear [51].
Certain members of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family also detect specific muropeptides.
NLR proteins include NALPs, NODs, and NAIPs and are generally expressed constitutively
by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and epithelia. They are also often induced by inflammation
and inflammatory/immune regulatory cytokines such as TNFα and IFNγ [52]. The C-terminal
LRR (leucine-rich repeat) domains of NLRs are related to the extracellular (ligand-binding)
regions of TLRs. Certain NLRs also contain a NACHT or NOD domain for oligomerization,
as well as one or more protein-protein interaction domains at their N-termini [52,53]. Signaling
through NLR proteins profoundly influences the regulation of host immune responses. For
instance, mutations in the nod2 gene are risk factors for the development of Crohn's disease
[54-56], an inflammatory disorder of the intestines. Nod2 contributes to host recognition of
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MDP- and regulates the activity of host NFkB family transcription factors [57,58]. Human
Nod1 also influences NFkB activity, but senses distinct, mDAP-containing muropeptides
derived from DAP-type PGN. Nod1 detects MTP and related structures (Fig. 1B). The
minimum structure sensed by Nod1 is a dipeptide comprised of L-glutamate-mDAP [59]. Like
Nod2, the NALP3 NLR protein also appears to be activated by MDP [60,61]. NALP3 forms
a complex with Caspase 1 and other components to form an inflammasome that regulates the
activation and secretion of pro-interleukin 1b (proIL-1b) and other substrates. Also like
nod2, mutations in nod1 and nalp3 genes predispose to inflammatory diseases including asthma
and Muckle-Wells syndrome [62,63].
Subversion of muropeptide detection and immune responses
The activity of PGN hydrolases and autolysins can promote release of various muropeptides
into an infected host or host cell, or may in some cases destroy the ability of specific
muropeptides to trigger PGRPs or NLRs. Hence, PGN hydrolytic activity and other
mechanisms that skew muropeptide release can modify the host response in a manner favorable
for the pathogen. Indeed, evidence from studies with several bacterial pathogens support the
concept that PGN digestion and modification are common pathogenic strategies to subvert
muropeptide recognition and host innate immunity.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
AmiC is an N. gonorrhoeae N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase active during cell separation.
Deletion of this autolysin results in growth inhibition and also reduced PGN fragment release.
Specifically, metabolic labeling studies revealed that AmiC mutants fail to release PGN
disaccharides [64]. Thus AmiC may help reduce release of specific immune-stimulatory
muropeptides. The putative N. gonorrhoeae LTs LtgE and LtgD also degrade PGN into
monomers and free disaccharides. N. gonorrhoeae double mutants lacking both of these LTs
released no PGN monomers or free disaccharide from the bacterial cell wall [20]. LtgE and
LtgD are thought to degrade larger PGN fragments into smaller forms, as a way to break down
the cell wall to components available for recycling into new PGN. Such activities may enable
the bacterium to evade specific host muropeptide detection systems. In contrast, the N.
gonorrhoeae LT LtgA appears to specifically enhance the production of "PGN cytotoxin."
This cytotoxic fragment of PGN is identical to the bioactive TCT muropeptide released from
Bordetella pertussis [65]. Bacteria deficient in LtgA show a decrease in PGN turnover during
log phase growth, as well as decreases in PGN monomer and free disaccharide release. Thus,
the major function of LtgA may be to induce the killing of ciliated cells via PGN cytotoxin/
TCT release, which may in turn prohibit ciliary expulsion of invading bacteria. Enhancement
of the inflammatory response and influx of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils are a by-
product of the PGN release and may also contribute to dissemination of N. gonorrhoeae [20].
In addition to autolysins, several transporters and recycling machinery are required for efficient
PGN turnover and muropeptide release. In N. gonorrhoeae, AmpG is a cytoplasmic PGN
transporter and AmpD is an amidase that is specific for anyhdro-muropeptides, which it
separates into stem peptides and sugar residues. AmpD deficiency inhibits breakdown of larger
PGN fragments, and AmpG mutants release more PGN monomers [66]. Thus, changes in
expression of AmpG and AmpD may further modulate release of TCT and other muropeptides.
Bordetella pertussis
Bordatella pertussis tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) is a DAP-containing muropeptide, GlcNAc-
(anhydro)MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu-mesoDAP-D-Ala, present in Dap-type PGN and released
during log phase growth. In humans, PGRPIαC binds to TCT, and in Drosophila TCT binds
PGRP-LC and activates the Imd pathway. The result of TCT recognition is the destruction of
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text:
Hundreds of runners in Roanoke are helping America's military veterans.
Yesterday more than 150 runners gathered at Wasena Park for the Blue Ridge Veterans Celebration 5-K race.
This is the second year for the event.
All money raised will benefit local military veterans, including the Virginia Wouned Warrior Program and the Military Family Support Center.
"There's over 25,000 veterans in the Roanoke Valley alone, 101,000 in southwest Virginia. So anything that we can do to assist with soldiers coming back from Iraq and Afghanistan and just help their families and bring community support around," said Matt Wade, Regional Director for the Virginia Wounded Warrior Program.
Organizers say this year's numbers are on track with last year's totals.
In 2012, this 5K raised $10,000 dollars.
Blue Ridge Veterans Celebration 5K Race held in Roanoke
Hundreds of runners in Roanoke are helping America's military veterans.


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Page 1
LETTERS TO THE EDITOROpen Access
Cardiac inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: does
it recur after complete surgical resection in an
Xuedong Yang1, Cangsong Xiao2, Mei Liu3and Yu Wang1*
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is currently considered to be a low-grade neoplasm, and it rarely involves the
heart. We reported a rare case of a 59-year-old female who received cardiac surgery for complete resection of
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the left atrium. Five months after surgery, the patient presented with acute
cardiogenic pulmonary edema and subsequent sudden death due to a left atrial tumor which protruded into the
left ventricle through mitral annulus during diastole. The recurrence of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the
left atrium was strongly suggested clinically.
Keywords: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, Heart, Surgery, Prognosis
Dear Editor,
mostly in children and young adults [1] and usually
involves the lungs and gastrointestinal tract; it rarely
involves the heart. Since the first report of the cardiac
involvement of IMT in 1975 [2], there have been only a
few additional reports, and sudden unexpected death
due to cardiac IMT has rarely been reported in the med-
ical literature [3,4]. When in the heart, IMT are polypoid
masses with little myocardial infiltration, and there
seems to be no particular site predilection in the heart
other than endocardial location. Since cardiac IMT may
be potentially fatal if a cardiac valve or the coronary ar-
teries are involved, whenever feasible, complete surgical
resection of the tumor remains the mainstay of treat-
ment and seems to have a satisfactory outcome. How-
ever, the possibility of recurrence and the long-term
prognosis after cardiac surgery have not been deter-
mined due to the rarity of these lesions and to the scant
knowledge of their pathogenesis.
A 59-year-old Chinese female was hospitalized because
of exertional dyspnea for 2 weeks. Transthoracic echo-
cardiography showed a left atrial mass (Figure 1A).
myofibroblastic tumor(IMT) occurs
Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arter-
ies. She underwent cardiac surgery for resection of a
6.0×4.0×2.2 cm mass in the left atrium, which origi-
nated from the posterior wall of the left atrium between
pulmonary vein ostia. Histological examination of the
resected mass showed spindle cells and stroma infil-
trated with abundant lymphocytes and plasma cells.
Immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated positive
for vimentin and smooth muscle actin, and negative for
CD31, CD34 and desmin in spindle cell components
(Figure 2), which was consistent with IMT. One week
after cardiac surgery, echocardiography showed no mass
in the left atrium. After discharge, she did not receive
medical follow-up. Five months later, she presented to
the emergency department with complaint of sudden
onset of orthopnea and wheezing. She was rehospitalized
for acute pulmonary edema. Bedside transthoracic echo-
cardiography revealed a left atrial mass (3.2×3.1 cm)
attached to the left atrial wall, which protruded into the
left ventricle through mitral annulus during diastole and
back to the left atrium during systole (Figure 1B). No
pericardial effusion, left ventricular hypertrophy, or left
ventricular segmental wall motion abnormalities were
revealed. The ejection fraction was normal. Cardiac sur-
gery for resection of the left atrial mass was scheduled.
However, the patient was found unresponsive the day
after rehospitalization. She was resuscitated but the
* Correspondence: email@example.com
1Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,
People's Republic of China
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
© 2012 Yang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Yang et al. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2012, 7:44
Page 2
attempt was unsuccessful. She died in the hospital 22
hours after rehospitalization. The relatives of the patient
refused autopsy.
Up to now, the pathogenesis of IMT remains unclear, al-
though it is thought to be an abnormal and exaggerated
immunologic response by proliferated spindle cells and pri-
mary myofibroblasts to injury, inflammation, and infection.
The diagnosis of IMTcan be difficult due to the wide mor-
phological spectrum. Coffin et al. have classified the histo-
logical findings of extrapulmonary IMT into three patterns:
(a) spindle cells in a myxoid background with a vascular
and inflammatory component resembling nodular fasciitis
(myxoid/vascular pattern); (b) compact spindle cells with
intermingled inflammatory cells resembling fibrous histio-
cytoma (compact spindle cells pattern); and (c) dense plate-
like collagen resembling a desmoid or scar (hypocellular fi-
brosis pattern) [5]. In the present case, the histological find-
ings of the resected cardiac mass presented as the myxoid/
vascular pattern. Most of the spindle cells have the charac-
teristics of myofibroblasts, and the immunohistochemical
profile of reaction with vimentin in 99% and smooth
muscle actin in 92% is typical of this phenotype [6]. The
differential diagnosis of IMT comprises spindle cell sar-
coma and inflammatory fibrosarcoma. Sarcoma is the most
Figure 1 Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a left atrial mass (5.5×2.8 cm) before cardiac surgery (A), and a left atrial mass
(3.2×3.1 cm) five months after surgical resection (B).
Figure 2 Histological examination of the resected mass in the left atrium showed bland spindle cells and stroma infiltrated with
abundant lymphocytes and plasma cells (A; H&E×100); spindle cells have mild atypia with rare mitosis (B; H&E×400). The spindle cells
are positive for smooth muscle actin (C) and vimentin (D) immunostain.
Yang et al. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2012, 7:44
Page 2 of 3
Page 3
common primary malignant tumor of the heart. In IMT,
spindle cells lack the cytologic atypia and nuclear hyper-
chromasia of sarcoma, and the immunohistochemical pro-
file of myofibroblasts help to rule out spindle cell sarcoma.
It can be difficult to distinguish IMT from inflammatory
fibrosarcoma; both are included in the same section in
World Health organization classification. Inflammatory
fibrosarcoma is a locally aggressive, potentially metastasiz-
ing myofibroblastic tumor that occurs predominantly in
the mesentery and retroperitoneum of children and young
adults [7,8]. Inflammatory fibrosarcoma is now considered
indistinguishable from, and within the morphological
spectrum of, IMT [9]. Since cardiac involvement of inflam-
matory fibrosarcoma has not been reported, cardiac IMT
was diagnosed in the present case.
IMT is considered a low-grade neoplasm. The recent
classification of the World Health Organization recog-
nized the uncertainty of its biological nature, that is, its
clinical features might resemble malignant neoplasia.
Whenever feasible, complete surgical resection remains
the mainstay of treatment. Up to now, the recurrence
rate of pulmonary IMT is low. However, local recurrence
rate of extrapulmonary IMT is up to 25 % [6]. To the
best of our knowledge, only one case of recurrent car-
diac IMT has been reported [10]; IMT recurred at the
right ventricular outflow tract in a 5-month-old infant.
In the present case, the 59-year-old patient presented
with acute pulmonary edema and subsequent sudden
death due to a left atrial tumor five months after
complete surgical resection of IMT in the left atrium.
The left atrial tumor extended into the left ventricle
through the mitral annulus, causing obstruction at the
left ventricular inlet followed by acute pulmonary edema
and decreased cardiac output. In spite of lack of autopsy
evidence, the recurrence of left atrial IMT was strongly
suggested clinically. The present case suggested that, al-
though cardiac IMT was usually thought to be low-grade
neoplasm and generally did not recur after complete sur-
gical resection, given the potential catastrophic sequel of
cardiac IMT, it was strongly recommended that the
patients should be closely followed up including regular
echocardiography, even if they were asymptomatic after
surgical resection of cardiac IMT.
IMT: inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contribution
YX collected data and drafted the manuscript. XC carried out the literature
research. LM was helpful in literature review. WY conceived the study and
critically revised the manuscript.
The authors would like to thank Dr. Hui Zhang and Dr. Dejing Yu for
providing echocardiography pictures.
Author details
1Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,
People's Republic of China.2Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chinese PLA
General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.3Department of
Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Received: 6 January 2011 Accepted: 17 April 2012
Published: 4 May 2012
1. Pucci A, Valori A, Muscio M, Garofalo L, Ferroni F, Abbruzzese PA:
Asymptomatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the heart:
immunohistochemical profile, differential diagnosis, and review of the
literature. Cardiovasc Pathol 2009, 18:187–190.
2.Gonzalez-Crussi F, Vanderbilt BL, Miller JK: Unusual intracardiac tumor in a
child. Inflammatory pseudotumor or "granulomatous" variant of
myxoma? Cancer 1975, 36:2214–2226.
3. Li L, Burke A, He J, Chang L, Zielke HR, Fowler DR: Sudden unexpected
death due to inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the heart: a case
report and review of the literature. Int J Legal Med 2011, 125:81–85.
4. Burke A, Li L, Kling E, Kutys R, Virmani R, Miettinen M: Cardiac inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor: a "benign" neoplasm that may result in syncope,
myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Am J Surg Pathol 2007, 31:1115–
5.Coffin CM, Humphrey PA, Dehner LP: Extrapulmonary inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor: a clinical and pathological survey. Semin Diagn
Pathol 1998, 15:85–101.
6.Coffin CM, Watterson J, Priest JR, Dehner LP: Extrapulmonary inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory pseudotumor). A clinicopathologic
and immunohistochemical study of 84 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1995,
7.Coffin CM, Dehner LP, Meis-Kindblom JM: Inflammatory myofibroblastic
tumor, inflammatory fibrosarcoma, and related lesions: an historical
review with differential diagnostic considerations. Semin Diagn Pathol
1998, 15:102–110.
8.Meis JM, Enzinger FM: Inflammatory fibrosarcoma of the mesentery and
retroperitoneum. A tumor closely simulating inflammatory pseudotumor.
Am J Surg Pathol 1991, 15:1146–1156.
9. Gleason BC, Hornick JL: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours: where are
we now? J Clin Pathol 2008, 61:428–437.
10.Hartyanszky IL, Kadar K, Hubay M: Rapid recurrence of an inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor in the right ventricular outflow tract. Cardiol
Young 2000, 10:271–274.
Cite this article as: Yang et al.: Cardiac inflammatory myofibroblastic
tumor: does it recur after complete surgical resection in an adult?
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2012 7:44.
Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central
and take full advantage of:
• Convenient online submission
• Thorough peer review
• No space constraints or color figure charges
• Immediate publication on acceptance
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Yang et al. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2012, 7:44
Page 3 of 3


text:
Lutz taking over in Baldwin one of top stories of 2012
As 2012 draws to an end, the South Hills Record staff looks back on the events, projects and people that affected Baldwin Borough, Baldwin Township, Brentwood, Jefferson Hills, Pleasant Hills and Whitehall and the school districts in those communities.
Here is the Top 12 in 2012, in no particular order:
Korchnak /Lutz
Baldwin-Whitehall School District students, staff and taxpayers said farewell to Superintendent Lawrence Korchnak in June when he retired, while welcoming Randal Lutz, a 16-year employee, to the top spot.
Korchnak and Lutz worked even closer together than usual from fall 2011 until the former retired to make the transition easier.
Lutz, a lifelong Baldwin Borough resident, said he is determined to make what he calls a good district into a great one by focusing on improving the basics of the district and building goals.
Brentwood Park/municipal facility
Two projects dominated the conversations of Brentwood's borough council in 2012 – the $8 million, multi-phase park renovation and if and when to construct a municipal facility.
Council members want both projects to be financed and completed, but some members disagree on when to start the work.
The first two phases of the Brentwood Park renovation are scheduled to begin in 2013.
The estimated cost to construct a new municipal facility is $10.5 million, although council members have said that they would like the final cost to be about half of that.
Public works will move to a facility on Willett Road with a price of $1.25 million.
Two school districts—once at odds over accusations of racial slurs and taunts at a high school basketball game— united during 2012 to promote positive attitudes and sportsmanship.
A Feb. 3 boys' varsity basketball game between Brentwood and Monessen at Brentwood garnered national attention after reports that two Brentwood students circled the court in banana costumes, which some perceived to be racist. Claims also were made that racial remarks were made during the game.
The WPIAL Board of Control cleared Brentwood of wrongdoing, but charged the two schools to work together and come up with a plan that will promote good sportsmanship at future events.
Administrators and school leaders met to formulate plans to promote unity between the towns.
Fire company finances
Becks Run Independent Fire Company, Baldwin Borough's oldest and smallest fire station, was closed in 2012 after two of its leaders were charged with stealing nearly $25,000 from a state-funded relief association over a five-year period.
Baldwin firefighters – who have not been shy about their need for additional funds – went all out in 2012, using creativity to raise money for their stations. Firefighters at South Baldwin Independent Fire Company even created calendars and stripped down to their underpants to dance in a video – set to the tune of PSY's "Gangnam Style" – in an effort to raise awareness for fire safety.
Plaza Drive property
Plans to construct a four-story, 85-unit senior living facility on 17 acres on Plaza Drive in Pleasant Hills will not move forward after seven months of discussion and public hearings.
Pleasant Hills Borough Council refused to grant zoning approval for the project.
Neighbors on Challen, Robinson and Steiner drives worried that the senior living facility would be low-income housing, the building would be an eyesore, would take away from the natural surroundings and would depreciate property values.
No police merger
What started with Brentwood council members seeking a grant to determine the efficiency of the police, fire and emergency medical services quickly morphed into a discussion with Baldwin Borough officials about merging resources.
Brentwood and Baldwin officials ultimately decided not to pursue formal discussion about merging police departments, but the reaction from potentially doing so was loud and clear.
Saccone/Levdansky race
Thirty-six votes separated two candidates for the state representative position for District 39 for several days after the Nov. 6 election.
Incumbent Rick Saccone, a Republican, ultimately beat David Levdansky, a Democrat, by 114 votes for the District 39 state representative seat, but not before election officials in Allegheny and Washington counties spent several days counting absentee and provisional ballots to reach the final result.
The release of the 2011 property reassessments in Allegheny County in 2012 caused some adjustments for residents and municipal officials alike.
South Hills residents flooded Baldwin High School's performing arts center in the spring for instructions on what the reassessments mean and how to file appeals. Residents scheduled individual appeal hearings throughout the first half of the year.
Also, municipal officials either delayed approving the communities' final 2013 budgets until January or approved them by estimating the millage rate as they wait for the final certified property rates from Allegheny County leaders.
WJH overcrowding
With continued growth — attributed to new housing development in the Jefferson Hills area — and an aging high school facility, West Jefferson Hills School District officials in 2012 focused on school overcrowding and building needs.
Board members in March charged the district architect, JC Pierce LLC, with creating a facilities master plan, which includes a review of district buildings and creating a blueprint for the future facilities.
Overcrowding at Gill Hall Elementary School in April led board members to approve a redistricting plan that moved more than 50 students to McClellan Elementary School in August.
Construction projects
• St. Thomas á Becket Parish celebrated the completion of a $8.2 million church in September.
The new church was a 48-year dream that came true, mostly because of support from the congregation and fundraising.
• A new $2.5 million, two-story, three-bay station for the Whitehall Fire Company opened on Route 51 in May. The borough borrowed about $2.6 million for the project, which was under construction for nearly a year, and came in within budget.
Streetlights down
In a cost-saving effort, Baldwin Borough officials in 2012 agreed to eliminate nearly 30 percent of the municipality's streetlights, which computes to the elimination of 366 of more than 1,300 streetlights. This will save the borough $66,000 a year.
EDS progress
Economic Development South — a nonprofit organization working to revamp Brentwood, Whitehall and Baldwin Borough and Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Carrick and Overbrook — received more than $400,000 in funding for the local communities through grants in 2012.
The nonprofit, alongside leaders from the Pittsburgh-based Penn State Center, also oversaw the formation of a multi-municipal shade tree commission between Brentwood, Whitehall and Baldwin boroughs. This was the first multi-municipal shade tree commission in the state, organizers said.
Applications were made to TreeVitalize and the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, seeking grants for "free trees" for all three municipalities. The group received 25 trees for Brentwood Park that were planted by nearly 30 volunteers from all three communities in early November.
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text:
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Running Time: 105 minutes
Released: 05/2013
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text:
[UNIX] Sybase ASE Multiple Security Issues
From: SecuriTeam (support_at_securiteam.com)
Date: 04/05/05
- Previous message: SecuriTeam: "[EXPL] ArGoSoft FTP Server Buffer Overflow Exploit (DELE)"
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To: firstname.lastname@example.com Date: 5 Apr 2005 18:40:18 +0200
The following security advisory is sent to the securiteam mailing list, and can be found at the SecuriTeam web site: http://www.securiteam.com
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The SecuriTeam alerts list - Free, Accurate, Independent.
Get your security news from a reliable source.
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Sybase ASE Multiple Security Issues
This document describes the details of six security flaws in Sybase
Adaptive Server Enterprise reported to Sybase by NGS Software (NGSS) in
2004. Sybase has released patches for all of the security flaws described
in this document.
Vulnerable Systems:
* Sybase ASE versions prior to 12.5.3 ESD#1
All of the buffer overflow vulnerabilities described in this document
require an attacker to have a valid username and password for the Sybase
server. If an attacker does not have - and cannot guess - a username and
password, these vulnerabilities cannot be exploited.
The first four buffer overflow vulnerabilities represent the most serious
security problem because they occur in internal parsing components and
built-in functions that are accessible to all authenticated Sybase users.
This makes it more difficult to apply a workaround, since the attacker
requires no special permission to take advantage of these flaws, and no
mechanism exists to prevent a user from executing the vulnerable code.
An additional factor when evaluating the risk posed by these
vulnerabilities is SQL injection. SQL injection is a common problem among
modern web applications, and it poses a particular threat when combined
with buffer overflow vulnerabilities in this class, since it can allow an
attacker that does not have knowledge of valid database credentials to
execute queries of their choice. If the database server is vulnerable to
buffer overflows that can be exploited by any authenticated user, the
attacker can trigger the overflow via a SQL injection attack and gain full
control of the database server.
An attacker that successfully exploited one of these flaws would be able
to execute the code of their choice in the security context of the Sybase
database server process, which could grant them full control over all data
managed by that Sybase server - effectively, the attacker could do
anything that the Sybase server could do. If the best practice recommended
by Sybase has been followed, the Sybase server should be running as a
low-privileged user so the attacker would not necessarily gain full
control of the host that Sybase ASE was running on.
It is worth noting, however, that in some configurations - notably when
running on Windows servers - the Sybase server runs within the context of
an administrative account by default.
The serious buffer overflow vulnerabilities are:
Sybase ASE attrib_valid overflow
Sybase ASE convert overflow
Sybase ASE declare data type overflow
Sybase ASE abstract plan syntax stack overflow
The fifth buffer overflow, the "install java" overflow, requires a user
to be a database owner (dbo) or have the "sa" role.
If the patch supplied by Sybase has been correctly applied, none of these
vulnerabilities pose a threat. If applying the patch is not possible for
some reason, there are other steps that can be taken to mitigate the risk
posed by these security flaws. We recommend that
Sybase users review and consider applying these steps even if the patch
has been applied since they represent security "best practice" and will
reduce the risk posed if similar issues are discovered in the future.
1) Run Sybase ASE as a low-privileged user, rather than an administrative
user. This is the configuration recommended by Sybase but it is not the
default on some platforms.
2) Apply a host or network-based firewall to the Sybase ASE server. Ensure
that only trusted hosts can connect to the server, and that the server can
only connect to hosts that it needs to connect to. This will prevent
unauthorized users from accessing the server, and will reduce the impact
on the rest of the network if some component of the Sybase ASE server is
3) Restrict the number of users that have accounts on the Sybase server.
Four of the buffer overflows detailed in this document can be triggered by
any user that has the ability to run a query on the server; if the ability
to run queries chosen by a user can be restricted, the risk posed by these
security flaws is greatly reduced.
4) Enforce password complexity and lockout. Sybase ASE has excellent
features for enforcing password complexity and can lock out accounts after
a specified number of failed attempts to authenticate. These features can
prevent an attacker from using brute-force techniques to guess database
5) If practical, enable auditing on you Sybase server. Sybase ASE has rich
auditing features that should enable you to track suspicious activity and
hopefully prevent an incident.
6) With publication of this document, IDS and IPS vendors should be able
to create signatures that track attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities.
We recommend the use of IDS and IPS systems as a part of a broader
security strategy.
Technical Details:
Sybase ASE attrib_valid overflow
Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise has many advanced features, including a
rich set of procedural extensions to the SQL language, known as
Transact-SQL. These extensions include functions for manipulating data
types. One of these functions, "attrib_valid", contains a stack buffer
Sybase ASE convert overflow
Another of the extensions to the SQL language that Sybase ASE implements
is a set of functions for manipulating data types. One of these functions,
"convert", allows a user to perform an explicit conversion between two
data types. The covert function can be invoked to cause a stack buffer
Sybase ASE declare data type overflow
Sybase ASE implements a number of extensions to the SQL language that
relate to procedural execution. One component of this set of extensions is
the ability to declare variables of specified types, using the "declare"
statement. The "declare" statement can be constructed to cause a stack
buffer overflow.
Sybase ASE abstract plan syntax stack overflow
Sybase ASE implements many performance optimisation mechanisms. One of
these mechanisms allows a user to specify an abstract query plan when
executing a SQL query. A query plan specifies the precise manner in which
the underlying data and indexes are to be accessed while a query is
running, and allows extremely fine-grained control over the performance of
the query. All users that can execute SQL queries can specify query plans.
A query plan can be created such that it causes stack buffer overflow. If
successfully exploited, this could allow an attacker to execute code of
their choice in the security context of the Sybase server.
Sybase ASE INSTALL JAVA NEW FROM FILE overflow
Sybase ASE contains many features that allow greater interoperation
between the database and the Java language; if the use of Java has been
enabled on a particular server, it is possible to execute Java methods
within Transact SQL as though they were a part of the language. One
additional Java related feature of ASE is the ability to add custom Java
classes to the database server's pre-installed set of Java classes. The
statement that enables this functionality - the "install java" statement
can be constructed so as to cause a stack buffer overflow.
The impact of this buffer overflow is reduced by the fact that only
database owners and users with the "sa" role can execute the "install
java" command.
Sybase ASE XP_SERVER - DENIAL OF SERVICE
Sybase ASE allows users to extend its features by permitting the execution
of functions in external, dynamically loadable libraries. These functions
are known as "extended stored procedures". Sybase ASE loads these
libraries into an external process known as the "xp_server". The xp_server
normally listens on a default TCP port on a Sybase ASE server. It is
possible for an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause the xp_server to
crash by submitting garbage data to this TCP port, for example by
directing a web browser at the relevant TCP port on the server.
Fix Information:
These issues are fixed in Sybase ASE 12.5.3 ESD#1. For more information,
see here:
http://www.sybase.com/detail?id=1034520 and here:
The information has been provided by <mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com>
NGSSoftware Insight Security Research.
The original article can be found at:
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To unsubscribe from the list, send mail with an empty subject line and body to: firstname.lastname@example.com
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The information in this bulletin is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind.
In no event shall we be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages.
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text:
Computer utilities
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The best way to run Windows on Mac OS devices depends on whether you need performance, open source support or centralized management. Continue Reading
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Evaluate Computer utilities Vendors & Products
Weigh the pros and cons of technologies, products and projects you are considering.
Sysinternals still essential for desktop troubleshooting
Despite a lack of Windows 8-specific utilities in the free Sysinternals suite, there are still many tools that every IT pro who works with Microsoft endpoints should know. We examine examples of useful tools, reasons to use them and why Windows 8 shops should still know about Sysinternals. Continue Reading
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text: 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data Find the equation of the surface that is equidistant from the plane x=1, and the point (-1,0,0). 3. The attempt at a solution Okay, if I set the distance from the surface to the point, and the distance from the surface to the plane as being equal, I should have the equation. Soo..? I can tell intuitively that the surface is going to be a circular paraboloid that opens toward the point, with its vertex on the origin, but I'm not sure how to begin this one.... I tried transposing the problem down to 2 dimensions, and finding the equation of the parabola that is equidistant between a point and a line, but I keep getting lost.


text:
Amerika: Spark towards WW3 Documentary (UNFINISHED)
- Uploaded by Renseor on Jun 19, 2013
- Views: 108
This is an uncomfortable reality but the sooner it is understood, you can prepare for it. Become a prepper as it may be a way to avoid the eventual further decline in US dollar's value by purchasing real goods that can help you as you develop self sufficiency skills. Your money is earning a negative rate in a checking/savings account due to inflation, so it's literally rotting anyway, right? The 21st century economy will be different than most of the population expects due to job losses from new advancements, robotics and automation. Developing skills in preparation for the new global scramble for prosperity is something to begin now, like learning a language or mechanical skills.http://wtfrly.com/2013/06/12/an-infographic-to-help-jobless-grads-navigate-americas-decay-before-the-collapse-and-world-war-3/#.UcBTXdj8mSo"When it comes to the Syria conflict, recent developments may hurl us off the cliff. A series of escalationsincluding Israeli airstrikes on Damascus, Hezbollah's decision to openly send thousands of fighters across the border, and the European Union lifting its arms embargo on the rebelshave dramatically increased the risk level. And given the signs that planned U.S.-Russian-endorsed talks in Geneva might not even get off the ground, there is evident cause for worry. Close observers now worry the Middle East is on the brink of a wider warone that will have as profound repercussions for the region as World War I had for Europe."Read more: http://news.iheart.com/articles/national-news-104668/is-ww3-next--113431...


text:
Wednesday, September 4, 2013
© Copyright 2015 Newton Citizen
COVINGTON — Even though Jackson lost a lot of their main defensive players from last year's playoff team, Eastside's offensive line still have their work cut for them if they hope to leave Red Devil Hill with a win on Friday.
"They have a couple big guys come back," Eastside head coach Rick Hurst said. "They're active and they move around pretty well. We're going to have to do a good job of taking care of them up front so we can be successful moving the football."
The Eagles (1-0) did a good job moving the ball up and down the field against Newton last week gaining 344 total yards of offense. However, they had a hard time rushing the ball gaining only 120 yards on 35 carries. Despite they're lack of a steady running game, Hurst is not concerned.
"I've said all along since I've been here that whatever they (defense) will give us we'll take. They were giving us some things down field we knew we had a chance to take," Hurst said. "Our offensive line is playing a lot of snaps on both sides. Hopefully we'll have Arthur Holmes back at defensive end which will help. We have some kids banged up but you go out there with what you've got. Our kids are working hard trying to get in shape."
One thing that Eastside does have is an ample amount of ball carriers with four quality running backs. Running the ball for the Eagles are Anthony Henderson, Jomandi Smith, Carlos Huggins and Andrew Henderson. Before they can start punching the ball into the secondary the front line has to do their job.
"We've got options back there, we just have to keep them fresh," Hurst said. "It all starts on the front. Those guys have got to be on it, get a head on a hat and get us a crease. If they do that, we should have a chance to run"
Just like they did against Newton, for the Eagles to be successful against the Red Devils (0-1) they need to score early and score quickly.
"It's a tough place to play and they're a loud crowd. If we can get on them in a hurry they tend to get on their own instead of getting on the visitors. So hopefully we can do that," Hurst said. "We have to be careful with an emotional let down because last week was a big emotional win for us."
More like this story
- Six second-half touchdowns lift Eastside over Jackson ( September 7, 2013 )
- Big second half lifts Eastside over Walnut Grove ( October 26, 2013 )
- Eastside to start subregion play against No. 9 ranked Eagle's Landing ( September 24, 2014 )
- Solid defensive play key to win in county rival game between Alcovy and Eastside ( September 12, 2013 )
- Struggling offense sputters enough to give Eastside 28-12 homecoming win ( October 19, 2013 )


text: I was hoping to compensate for the difference between the film guide removal and where the instant film would sit, but using a focusing glass placed where the instant film sits and check/adjust the camera's focus setting... but like you, I don't know just yet how this is done or if it can be done... I have read that infinity is an easy fix, just change the extension point of the lens a little farther out. But the linkage that moves the focusing from lens movement into the viewfinder may be the only way to adjust focusing to match what I see on the film plane glass. Either by shortening or lengthening it, or there may be an adjustment screw? This is something I also would like some feedback on before proceeding with the conversion.


text:
Matt 14:1-2 pars. (revised)
Expand Messages
- TOPIC: Matt 14:1-2 and pars.
From: Leonard Maluf
Using as a spring-board a remark of Bruce, in Re: Wording of Matthew, etc.
I am now in possession of a copy of Mark G's interesting NTS article on
fatigue in the Synoptics as a directional marker. I will soon be responding
this article from a 2 GH perspective, beginning with Mark G's example of the
John the Baptist murder story in the threefold tradition. The following
remarks on the beginning of this passage, triggered by a remark of Bruce's,
will serve as a useful introduction for my upcoming posts.
BRUCE writes: <<In all cases, the 5000 Feeding is preceded by an inquiry of
Herod, who compares reports of Jesus's exploits with those of John the
Baptist, whom he has just killed. (Mt 14:1-2 / Mk 6:14-16 / Lk 9:7-9).>>
LEONARD: In an attempt to state in general what the cited verses contain,
Bruce has papered over differences in the three texts which I think are
significant in terms of the directional pointers they provide. We have here
excellent example of conflation on the part of later Gospel writers: Luke
conflating this passage with the next Matthean passage in which an
identification of Jesus with JB is found (Matt 16:14), and Mark, later,
attempting to combine the resulting two perspectives found in the texts of
Matt and Lk at this parallel point.
More in detail: Matt simply has Herod somewhat ominously (and
affirm to his underlings that this (the Jesus whose fame has become
is John the Baptist. He has been raised from the dead, and for this reason
marvelous wonders are being performed by him.
Lk follows with apparently two agendas: one, his usual custom of not simply
trying to produce a one to one corresponding parallel to Matt, but rather
writing his text after consulting the various parallel Matthean texts on a
theme (in this case: the identification of Jesus with JB). ALk's other agenda
is to avoid having Herod admit the doctrine of resurrection from the dead
(Herod is, presumably at least, closer to the Sadducees than to the
in his thinking about resurrection). The two agendas turn out to be mutually
supportive here, since the other Matthean parallel (Matt 16:14) speaks of the
rumored opinions about the identity of Jesus, and when this perspective is
transported here, Herod can simply be musing about and puzzling over various
alternative opinions expressed, rather than strongly affirming that JB has
been raised from the dead. Herod's actual words in Lk are also interesting
from the point of view of his overall redaction in this part of his gospel.
Unlike Herod's words in Matt, Herod in Lk affirms (9:9): "John I have
beheaded.. (this is necessary for Herod to say, because Luke plans not to
the story of the beheading found in Matt).. but who is this about whom I hear
these things?" (this, instead of affirming that it is JB, and implying rather
that it is not --- all made possible in light of his conflationary success in
the previous verses).
Mk comes last and attempts to accommodate both of the above perspectives,
a resulting somewhat clumsily accumulative text. 6:14 is a fairly close
parallel to Matt's opening verse, but already conflates the perspectives of
the two earlier texts: it is the people who are now saying what Matt has had
Herod say about JB. In 6:15, the views of other people are reported in
fidelity to the text of Lk, and finally, in 6:16, Herod himself pipes in, by
way of settling the dispute, and affirms WHAT he affirmed from the beginning
in Matt's text, but in TERMS largely taken from the words of Herod in Lk.
Leonard Maluf
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text:
John Kilduff is the Founding Partner of Again Capital. Prior to starting his company, he was Vice President and co-head of MF Global and Senior VP of Energy Risk Management Group at Fimat USA, where he was responsible for providing corporate energy risk management services.
He also has held senior positions at ABN AMRO, Metallgesellschaft Corp. and Lehman Brothers.
Kilduff appeared before the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources to give an assessment of the energy markets.
He has a Bachelor of Science degree from Saint Bonaventure University and a Juris Doctor from Fordham University School of Law. He has a bar membership in New York and has professional registrations in commodities and securities.
Follow John Kilduff on Twitter @KilduffReport.
Crude oil prices are now mired well below $50 per barrel, and they look to be heading lower still. While some of the price pressures are obvious, there is one that may be less so: hedge fund liquidations.
Oil is pushing to new lows and is down nearly $100 / bbl from recent highs. Can it go any lower? Some data seems to say yes.
The selling pressure across markets overnight is a tide that is sinking all boats, including oil and all commodities for that matter. If it can be sold, it is being sold, right now. In terms of oil, specifically, support levels that traders have looked to determine prices bottoms have been taken out in succession, over the past several months.
Energy prices gave up the proverbial ghost this week, as the collective factors that combined to produce $147 per barrel of crude oil in July continue their unravel. However, taking center stage, at the moment, is OPEC's meeting in Vienna, and their decision, considered or otherwise, about a possible cut in production.
The energy crisis has been pushed to the back burner–pardon the pun–by the financial market concerns and yesterday's dramatic failure of leadership on Capitol Hill. The credit fears represent a tide that is sinking all boats.
I have stated that forecasts from some of my fellow analysts on Wall Street of crude oil hitting $150 by the end of the year were too rich for my blood. However, similar calls for sub-$80 crude were too low. I would look for oil to retake the $100 level, and maintain it through the fourth quarter.
OPEC ministers went ahead with a decision to reduce oil output, as they set out to defend the $100 price level for crude oil. ... The majority of members prevailed upon a reluctant Saudi Arabia to go along with the reduction. It is not surprising to see Saudi Arabia go along...
Look for Gulf production to be affected as soon as Wednesday, as offshore rigs are evacuated, out of an abundance of caution.
I am looking for crude oil prices to re-take the $130 per barrel level, as soon as next week. We need to see what Iran does over the weekend, and further parsing of the economic data points will also be required to better infer a lasting trend.
Energy watchers need pay close attention to the outcome of the Saturday meeting in Geneva, among Iran, European Union representatives, and most interestingly, the United States. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has confirmed that this meeting represents a change in U.S. policy toward Iran.