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FATV- A last-gasp goal from Asamoah Gyan rescued a draw for Ghana, after a lively game at Wembley.
It had looked as though it would be England's night until Gyan's stoppage time leveller, after Andy Carroll had shot the Three Lions ahead in the first-half in only his second England game.
But Fabio Capello's men couldn't see the game out and the Black Stars, backed by a record number of away supporters at Wembley, sealed a deserved point when the Sunderland man stroked home in the 91st minute.


text:
Colgate-Palmolive: Shareholders elected the company's slate of director nominees at Colgate's annual shareholder meeting in May. They include chairman and chief executive Reuben Mark; Jill Conway, former president of Smith College; Ronald Ferguson, former chairman and chief executive officer of General Re Corp.; Carlos Gutierrez, chairman, president and chief executive officer of Kellogg Co.; Ellen Hancock, former chairman and chief executive of Exodus Communications Inc.; David Johnson, former chairman of Campbell Soup Co.; Richard Kogan, former president and chief executive officer of Schering-Plough Corp.; Delano Lewis, former chief executive and president of National Public Radio and Howard Wentz, former chairman of Tambrands.
Colgate Palmolive: Reuben Mark
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Expected market of mobile payments in 2016, up from $60 billion this year
A bevy of big-name retailers, including Walmart, Best Buy and Target, are teaming up to create a company that will give customers another way to make purchases: with their cellphones.
The businesses said Wednesday that the new company, Merchant Customer Exchange, or MCX, is developing a mobile application that will be available for nearly any smartphone. The app is expected to integrate a variety of coupons, rebates and loyalty programs. No launch date was announced.
With the announcement, retailers are entering an already crowded arena where different industry groups are jockeying for position on the smartphone screen, which everyone expects will be the new way to pay.
Many types of businesses are hoping to make a grab at the mobile wallet market, including Internet giant Google, which already has a smartphone payment app in use on some Sprint phones. Three of the biggest cellphone firms — Verizon Wireless, AT&T and T-Mobile USA — have a competing platform called Isis. Payment networks Visa and MasterCard each have their own designs and apps. Square, a startup, recently struck a deal to become the cellphone payments processor for Starbucks. PayPal, eBay's payment service, is on cellphones, too.
The retailers see an opportunity to grab part of the emerging mobile-payments industry, which may reach $170 billion in 2016 from $60 billion this year, according to Juniper Research. The venture also will try to improve the in-store experience and cut costs, including swipe fees the chains pay when consumers use a credit card, Scully said. "This technology should help in addressing what is a well-known issue," Scully said.
It comes amid a proposed $6.6 billion settlement between merchants and Visa and MasterCard of a lawsuit concerning credit card swipe fees. The settlement faces opposition from retail trade groups and individual retailers, including Walmart and Target. Credit-card swipe fees, which average about 2 percent of each transaction, generate about $40 billion a year for banks such as JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America and Citigroup.
Retailers have a strong position in the arena, because they can decide which forms of payment to accept.
MCX is in talks with several large financial institutions to become partners, Scully said.
Including large banks may be a key to the venture, said Richard Crone, chief executive officer of Crone Consulting, which advises retailers and banks on mobile-payment solutions. Partnering with banks could lead to transactions being processed directly by a financial institution instead of passing through the payment networks run by Visa and Mastercard and others, he said.
"This is a big deal," said Crone, who's based in San Carlos. This could be "revolutionary" for merchants and banks, he said.
Customer data also is an important part of the push to create MCX, Crone said. Mobile-payment products from Google and wireless carriers track customer behavior and then send targeted ads.
"They are trying to inject themselves in between the retailer and consumer and that's what MCX is fighting to protect," Crone said. The merchants "risk being marginalized and relegated to showrooms."
The 14 merchants that are part of MCX group account for about $1 trillion in annual sales. They include 7-Eleven, Alon Brands, CVS/pharmacy, Darden Restaurants, HMSHost, Hy-Vee, Lowe's, Publix Super Markets, Sears Holdings, Shell Oil Products US and Sunoco.
The platform will be available to all kinds of merchants, including stores, casual restaurants and gas stations, the retailers said. It will also have the versatility to be added to a retailer's existing mobile-payment technology, they said.
NYT News Service contributed to this report.


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February 5 2013, 08:57 PM
Locutus of Bored
My Force Isn't Awake Yet
Location: Huntington Beach, California
Re: Question
Kenbushway wrote:
I was having a discussion where I said that it seemed like the era of real men seems to be coming to an end. I argued that boys these days shave themselves bald, soft hands, don't like to get dirty, don't like hard work, doesn't know how to fix a loose screw and just the manner in which a man treats another man seems to be lost on the newer generations. I was wondering if anyone else thought something close to this or if you believe that real men aren't in danger of becoming the minority.
Apparently real men are so lacking in confidence and self-worth that they need to have vacuous conversations where they discuss what a real man is and how they're a dying breed instead of just doing what makes them and their family content and not worrying about their image.
Apparently real men need to create arbitrary self-serving definitions of masculinity based on their own personal jobs, preferences, and hobbies like auto repair and ditch digging in order to position themselves as better than others.
Apparently real men don't see the hypocrisy in arguing for better treatment of other men while dismissing countless numbers of them as "non-real men" for bizarre reasons like whether they shave their heads or not, work in office jobs, have good hygiene, or what generation they're born in.
Apparently real men have a victim complex absent of any demonstrable cause for feeling victimized, and irrationally fear being a minority or having anything upset their cozy white Christian male dominated society.
If all of that is what it takes to be a "real man," good riddance to them and their anachronistic, arrogant, Alpha Male machismo bullshit. The sooner they pass on and leave the "newer generations" to continue to carve out a less rape-filled, spousal abusing, violence glorifying, racist, sexist, homophobic, warlike, and respectful path the better we'll all be for it.
- There are stories about what happened.
- It's true. All of it. TNZ, Hulk, ModMan. They're real.
Locutus of Bored
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Photos: Our favorite shots of Rangers' Yu Darvish so far
Photo: MICHAEL AINSWORTH / Staff Photographer
New Texas Rangers pitcher Yu Darvish listens to questions as he is introduced as a Texas Ranger during press conference at Rangers Ballpark in Arlington on Friday, January 20, 2012.
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text:
Nancy Pelosi's Two-Word Response To Michele Bachmann
Michele Bachmann wasn't happy with the Supreme Court ruling in favor of gay marriage today. Nancy Pelosi gave a very curt answer when asked to comment on Bachmann's statement.
1. Michele Bachmann's Response To The SCOTUS Rulings
Getty/Alex Wong / Via bachmann.house.gov
2. Nancy Pelosi's Response To Michele Bachmann's Response
AP/Molly Riley / Via Twitter: @frankthorpNBC
Gavon Laessig is a deputy news director and front page editor for BuzzFeed News and is based in New York.
Contact Gavon Laessig at email@example.com.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 29, 2011
|Filing date
|Jun 30, 2004
|Priority date
|Jun 30, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Patrick James Talbot, Dennis Regan Ellis
|Original Assignee
|Northrop Grumman Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (3), Classifications (8), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to artificial intelligence and, more particularly, to systems and methods for generating a decision network from text.
There are different approaches for organizing information content extracted from text, such as decision graphs or data tables, namely, a knowledge-based approach and a data-based approach. Using the knowledge-based approach, a person (known as a knowledge engineer) interviews an expert in a given field to obtain knowledge about the given field. The knowledge engineer and expert first determine the distinctions of the subject matter that are important for decision making in the field of the expert. These distinctions correspond to questions about the variables in the domain of interest, referred to as the hypotheses. For example, if a decision graph is to be used to predict the age of a customer based on the products that customer bought in a store, there would be a variable for "age" and a variable for all relevant products. The knowledge engineer and the expert next determine the structure of the decision graph and the corresponding parameter values that quantify the conditional probability distribution.
In the database approach, the knowledge engineer and the expert first determine the variables of the domain. Next, data is accumulated for those variables, and an algorithm is applied that creates one or more decision graphs from this data. The accumulated data comes from real world instances of the domain or hypothesis. That is, real world instances of decision making in a given field. For some decision-making applications, however, it can be difficult in practice to find sufficient applicable data to construct a viable decision network.
Conventional decision network techniques which combine knowledge-based and data-based approaches include neural networks, Rough Set Theory, and belief networks, such as a Bayesian Belief Network or a Dempster-Shafer Belief Network. Neural networks don't provide robust explanations. Rough sets differentiate between what is certain and what is possible. The Bayesian networks provide intuitive results, but are better suited to causal reasoning. A Dempster-Shafer belief network is an evidential reasoning approach that relies on the Dempster-Shafer Combination Rule, which differentiates ignorance and disbelief (sometimes described as "skeptical" processing), and performs conflict resolution.
Decision makers often find it difficult to mentally combine evidence since the human tendency is to postpone risky decisions when data is incomplete, jump to conclusions, or refuse to consider conflicting data. Those versed in classical (frequentist) statistics realize that in situations where evidence is sparse, the use of a decision network is desirable. Unfortunately, traditional means of generating a decision network are labor intensive, requiring many hours of labor from an analyst knowledgable about the desired application.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for generating a decision network from a plurality of text segments. An information extraction component extracts a quantum of evidence and an associated confidence value from a given text segment. Evidence classifiers associate each quantum of evidence with one or more of a plurality of hypotheses. A fusion engine can build a decision network from the plurality of hypotheses, an associated base structure, the extracted quanta of evidence, and the confidence values.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a computer readable medium having computer executable components is provided for generating a decision network from text. An information extraction component extracts data from a given text segment to generate an associated evidence template within a knowledge base. An evidence classifier assigns a given evidence template to one or more of a plurality of hypotheses. A link analysis component performs a data mining routine within the knowledge base to determine relationships between the plurality of hypotheses according to their associated evidence templates. A fusion engine constructs a decision network from the plurality of hypotheses, their associated evidence templates, the determined relationships between hypotheses, and an associated base structure.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for generating a decision network from a plurality of text segments. Evidence is extracted from each of the plurality of text segments in the form of evidence templates. Each of the evidence templates is assigned into one of a plurality of hypotheses via at least one classification technique. A decision network is generated from the assigned evidence templates and the plurality of hypotheses.
The present invention relates to systems and methods for automating the construction of a decision network from unprepared text. The present invention has broad applicability to risky decision making in circumstances where evidence is uncertain, incomplete, possibly conflicting, and arrives asynchronously over time. In certain aspects of the invention, the decision network is a belief network, such as a Dempster-Shafer belief network. The Dempster-Shafer belief network includes node parameters that conform to the Dempster-Shafer combination rule, which is based on an evidential interval: the sum of a belief value, a disbelief value, and an unknown value is equal to one. The Dempster-Shafer Combination Rule for fusion of evidence provides for nodes in a network represented as evidential intervals with values from the set of real numbers (0<=n<=1). Three parameters specify each node: "belief" (B), "unknown" (U) and "disbelief" (D). The unknown parameter is computed as: U=1−B−D. The Dempster-Shafer Combination Rule is symmetric, bounded, commutative, and associative.
The system 10 receives a block of structured, semi-structured, or free text, such as a transcribed conversation, e-mail correspondence record, text report, or knowledge base entry, at a preprocessing component 12. The preprocessing component 12 reduces the input document down to one or more segments of interest via advanced text search techniques and wavelet text processing. Once the segments of interest have been located and isolated from the remaining text, they are provided to an information extraction component 14.
The information extraction component 14 breaks down the text segments into individual words or phrases, interprets the context and meaning of the various words or phrases, and uses the extracted information to fill a domain-specific template representing the text segment. For example, the information extraction component 14 can look for details relating to an event described in the document, such as the nature of the event, the cause or motivation for the event, the mechanism of the event, the identity of an actor, the location of the event, the time or date of the event, and the magnitude of the event. Each of these details can be added to a template related to the text segment. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the information extraction component 14 can look for hedge words (e.g., maybe, probably, certainly, never) and qualifier words (e.g., not) within the text segment. The information extraction component 14 can use a co-referencing routine to determine what nouns relate to a given hedge or qualifier word, and use this information to determine the weight of the evidence associated with the template, in the form of belief values and disbelief values.
To provide a greatly simplified example, the information extractor 14 might receive a statement from a bank teller that they are certain that Mr. Brown has made a deposit of ten-thousand dollars to a corporate account via a personal check at a bank in downtown Atlanta. The information extraction component would locate the nouns within the sentence as well as words such as "via," "at," and "certain" to determine the relationships between the various nouns and the location of certain information. Thus, the question of location can be answered with the noun or string of nouns following "at" (e.g., bank in downtown Atlanta). The mechanism of the event can be determined by the nouns following "via" (e.g., personal check). The magnitude of the event can be determined by finding the numbers (e.g., ten-thousand), and other details can be provided by classifying the remaining nouns (e.g., Mr. Brown is likely the actor; the event is likely a deposit, etc.). The word "certain," once it is verified that it is referring the deposit, can be used to assign a large belief value to the event.
Once templates have been generated for the text segments, they are provided to one or more evidence classifiers 16. The evidence classifiers 16 assign the templates to associated hypotheses according to their content. It will be appreciated that the evidence classifiers 16 can assign the templates to existing hypotheses in an associated knowledge base 18 or generate a new hypothesis for a given template. The knowledge base 18 can contain hypotheses from previously generated networks, new hypotheses added to accommodate previous templates, and a priori knowledge of the problem added by an analyst through a user interface 19. In an exemplary embodiment, the evidence classifiers 16 can include a rule-based classifier that classifies the templates according to a set of user defined rules. For example, rules can be defined relating to the fields within the template or the source of the data. Other classifiers can include, for example, supervised and unsupervised neural network classifiers, semantic network classifiers, statistical classifiers, and other classifier models. These classifiers can be orchestrated to increase the efficiency of the classification. For example, the rule-based classifier can be applied first, and if a rule is not actuated, the statistical classifier can be used. If a pre-specified probability threshold isn't reached at the statistical classifier, the semantic distance classifier can be applied and the results shown to the user for validation.
Once the templates have been assigned to appropriate hypotheses, the templates are passed to a link analysis component 20. The link analysis component 20 determines the relatedness of two hypotheses according to relationships in the evidence associated with the templates. One factor utilized by the link analysis component 20 is the co-occurrence of various key words and phrases in the evidence templates assigned to two hypotheses. The frequency of co-occurrence of evidence among the various hypotheses can be used to calculate initial strength values, or weights, to the links between hypotheses. Link strength indicates the degree of influence a given hypothesis and its associated belief and disbelief values have on a linked hypothesis.
The link strengths and hypotheses are then provided to a fusion engine 24. The fusion engine 24 arranges the hypotheses according to a predefined structure to establish a hierarchy among the hypotheses. For example, the predefined structure can include a number of categories, representing layers within the hierarchy, with the proper category for a given hypothesis being determined when it is entered into the knowledge base 18. Once the hypotheses have been categorized, they can be linked according to the determined link strengths to form a preliminary network. This preliminary network can be reviewed by a human analyst to ensure that the hypotheses are organized and linked correctly.
Once the preliminary network is established, the fusion engine 24 can mathematically reconcile the estimated belief and disbelief values for the various hypotheses according to their associated linkages and an associated fusion algorithm. For example, the belief values for each hypothesis can be determined for a bottom row of the hierarchy, and the resulting belief values can be propagated up through the belief network. The resulting belief network 26 can be used to make decisions related to its constituent hypothesis. The fusion engine 24 further comprises mechanisms for fusing new evidence and new nodes into the belief network 26. The fusion engine 24 can also include an analyst override function that allows the analyst to modify beliefs and disbeliefs of one or more hypotheses within the belief network 28. A back propagation routine associated with the fusion engine 24 then propagates the modifications at one or more nodes of a selected layer backward through the network to iteratively modify upper layers to facilitate the mathematical correctness of the belief network 28. Link values can also be modified to facilitate mathematical correctness.
Once the belief network 28 is completed, new evidence can be added through the same process, with the new evidence being incorporated by the fusion engine 24. For an exemplary network, the new evidence can include belief (b), disbelief (d), and unknown (u) values for an associated hypothesis. The new evidence of belief (b), disbelief (d) and unknown (u) can then be fused with the current Belief (B), Disbelief (D), and Unknown (U) for the associated hypothesis to provide new modified parameters. The new parameters evidence is fused by a fusion algorithm according to the Dempster-Shafer combination rule. The updated node parameters are then propagated to nodes in lower layers of the belief network 28 by the fusion engine. In an exemplary embodiment, the fusion algorithm includes evaluating a Cartesian product of the new evidence with the current evidence to provide newly updated evidence. The Cartesian product is used in the following equations:
MB=(bB+bU+uB)/N EQ. 1
MD=(dD+dU+uD)/N EQ. 2
N=1−dB−bD EQ. 3
The parameters of the belief network can also be altered by an analyst through the user interface 19. The analyst can input new values for a given hypothesis, and the fusion engine 24 can propagate the effects of the new values throughout the network as described above. Other updates to the network can be provided through a case-based reasoning component 28. The case-based reasoning component 28 includes a knowledge base, organized as a semantic network, containing plurality of successful networks. When certain selection criteria for each network are met by the belief network 24, hypotheses and parameters from the stored networks can be implemented into the existing belief network 24 as new belief network fragments. For example, when a series of evidence templates that are not associated with a known hypothesis are inputted to the system 10, the knowledge base associated with the case-based reasoning component 28 can be searched to determine if similar evidence can be found within a stored network. If so, one or more hypotheses from the stored network can be adopted (e.g., by computing the union of the belief network and the hypotheses) into the belief network 26.
The links represent multipliers or weights of a given parameter on a lower node. Link values can be constant, or computed by an algorithm. For example, the belief of node N7 of the first intermediate layer 54 depends on the belief of nodes N1, N2, and N3, each multiplied by its respective link value L1, L2, and L3. Additionally, the disbelief of node N7 of the first intermediate layer 54 depends on the disbelief of nodes N1, N2, and N3, each multiplied by its respective link value L1, L2, and L3. The unknown is computed based on the Dempster-Shafer combination rule. The belief and disbelief of node N7 then propagate to N11 through link L11, which is combined with the belief and disbelief of N18 multiplied by link L12 and the belief and disbelief of node N9 multiplied by link L14. The belief and disbelief of node N11 then propagate to node N14 through link L18 which is combined with the belief and disbelief of N13 multiplied by link L20. The unknowns of each row can be evaluated using the Dempster-Shafer combination rule. Similar propagation occurs to provide the beliefs, the disbeliefs, and unknowns of the node N15.
In the illustrated example, the information extraction component 100 attempts to extract information from the document as to answer detailed questions derived from the so-called "Reporter's Questions" (e.g., who, what, when, where, how, why, and how much). Accordingly, the information extraction component 100 attempts to locate a subject and an event for a given text segment, as well as the location, magnitude, timing, cause, and mechanism of the event, and output this data as an evidence template. In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, the information extraction component 100 further determines a confidence value for the evidence template according to empirically determined psychological weights associated to one or more hedge words (e.g., probably, possibly, certainly) found within the text segment. In an exemplary embodiment, the information extraction component can comprise the General Architecture for Text Engineering system developed by the University of Sheffield along with a number of customized modules for template filling and hedge word co-reference and interpretation.
A text segment is provided to a token generator 112. The token generator 112 differentiates between the individual words and the spaces within the text to identify its constituent words. The text segment is then provided to a sentence splitter 114. The sentence splitter 114 divides the text into individual sentences according to an associated subset of the extraction rules 102. The sentence splitter 114 is able to distinguish capitalization and punctuation associated with abbreviations and proper nouns from that associated with individual sentences to provide an accurate parsing of the sentences within the text segment. Once the individual sentences within the text segment have been identified, the text segment is passed to a part of speech classifier 116. The part-of-speech classifier 116 determines an associated part-of-speech for each word according to an associated word list and an associated subset of the extraction rules 102. The part-of-speech classifier 116 determines the part-of-speech (e.g., noun, verb, pronoun) of each word within a given sentence according to its normal usage and the context of the surrounding words.
The text segment is then provided to an entity categorizer 118 that associates a specific word with a general category. For example, the entity categorizer 118 can sort words into categories representing people, locations, organizations, time, and similar concepts. The entity categorizer uses word lists and rules to define what words go in which categories. The categorized words are then provided to a co-reference component 120. The co-reference component 120 associates certain words within a text segment with other logically related words. In the illustrated example, the co-reference component 120 contains a pronoun module 122 and a hedge word module 124. The pronoun module 122 identifies pronouns within the text segment and links them to their appropriate antecedents according to an associated subset of the extraction rules 102.
The hedge word module 124 locates hedge words in the document, hedge words being words that people use within a text to emphasize their degree of belief or disbelief in a particular fact. Each hedge word is assigned a confidence value, indicating the degree of belief or disbelief generally conveyed by the word within a given text. In an exemplary embodiment, the confidence values are determined according to psychological studies on the confidence conveyed by various hedge words within a text passage as perceived by a reader. The hedge word module 124 co-references a given hedge word to a particular fact within the text segment and determine a confidence value associated with that fact. From the confidence values associated with various portions of the text segment, initial belief and disbelief values can be calculated for the evidence provided by the text segment. Where no hedge words are available in a document, default belief and disbelief values can be assigned to the evidence. In an exemplary embodiment, the default values for both belief and disbelief are zero. The initial belief and disbelief values for a given piece of evidence can be reviewed and revised by a human analyst through a user interface (not shown) associated with the information extraction system.
Exemplary Hedge Words with Associated Confidence values
The template completion component 130 utilizes the results of the other components to fill a plurality of template fields according to one or more associated word lists and an associated subset of the extraction rules 102. It utilizes the entity categorizations to search for a more detailed description of the tagged words from other results of the information extraction component 100 according to its associated rules. Then the module uses the word list to find and tag other words that may fit a particular field according to its defined rules. Once it is done tagging the words, the template completion component 130 goes through the text and retrieves the words in the order defined by the template and formats the output to form an at least partially completed evidence template. It will be appreciated that a text segment may not provide all the evidence characteristics defined in the detailed Reporter's Questions evidence template, which comprises more than fifty subfields in some implementations.
In the illustrated example, the knowledge base 158 comprises a weighted graph that hierarchically represents relationships between hypotheses. Each node in the graph represents a specific hypothesis. The weighted links between hypotheses in the graph represent logical relationships between the hypotheses and the strength of their interrelationship. Accordingly, the knowledge base 158 of the illustrated example comprises a plurality of hypotheses arranged in a hierarchical fashion, representing the correlations between the hypotheses. The representation of complete hypotheses instead of simple words allows for the representation of more information than a traditional ontology arrangement. This adds to the complexity of the hierarchy, requiring a significant departure from traditional structures. For example, in an exemplary knowledge base 158, each hypothesis can have multiple parent hypotheses (a lattice structure), as opposed to the at most one parent used in traditional structures.
A rule-based classifier 152 includes a plurality of user-defined directives, comprising simple if-then statements. If a document template contains a certain word or phrase in a desired field, it is associated with the hypothesis indicated by the rule. The association can be automated, or the template can simply be tagged for review by a human analyst. For example, a user can create a rule that dictates that the document pertains to a network scan if the key phrase "scan log" is found in a source field of the template. Where the arbitrator 160 is a fully automated system, the rule-base classifier can be used before the other classifiers 154 and 156 to filter out and classify text segments that have an obvious relationship to a given hypothesis. This produces a significant savings in processing resource. Where the classifications are arbitrated by a human analyst, the tagging of the templates highlights characteristics of interest within the template, allowing the analyst to quickly evaluate the relevant portions. A Bayesian classifier 154 can be used to probabilistically specify multiple hypotheses for the template according to historical training data. This training data can be provided by previously classified templates or co-occurrence matrices stored in the knowledge base. In an exemplary embodiment, the Bayesian classifier 154 comprises an Autoclass na�ve Bayesian classifier tool.
A semantic distance classifier 156 employs two semantic distance algorithms to determine average (semantic mean) and modal (semantic mode) hypotheses within the knowledge base hierarchy. Each hypothesis in the knowledge base can have an associated set of key words and key phrases. The number of keyword "hits" within the template can be determined for each hypothesis. A semantic mean algorithm then determines an average hypothesis in a document by determining the hypothesis having the minimum sum of the distance, in terms of the weighted links, to all hits among the hypotheses. Since the hypotheses are logically related, the determined center of the distribution of hits should provide the central concept of the text segment Outlying hits can be ignored to prevent skewing of the results. The semantic mode can be determined as the hypothesis with the largest number of hits. As the hypothesis having the most support within the template, it is an obvious candidate for a hypothesis. Where the semantic mean and the semantic mode differ, both hypotheses can be provided to the arbitrator 160.
In view of the foregoing structural and functional features described above, methodology in accordance with various aspects of the present invention will be better appreciated with reference to
At 256, confidence values are determined for each evidence template, reflecting an approximate degree of confidence expressed in the text segment. One or more confidence values can be assigned to each template as determined from the various identified hedge words. These assigned confidence values can be used to determine initial belief, disbelief, and unknown values associated with the evidence. At 258, the templates are assigned to associated hypotheses by one or more evidence classifiers, each employing an associated classification technique. The evidence classifiers determine an appropriate hypothesis for the template from a plurality of available hypotheses in an associated knowledge base. If no suitable hypothesis is found, the template can be assigned to a new or existing hypothesis by a human analyst.
Once all of the templates have been assigned to associated nodes, a data mining routine, for example, link analysis, can be applied to the templates at 260. The data mining routine can determine the strength of association between two hypotheses according to the overlap in the evidence supporting them. For example, where similar evidence is found supporting two different hypotheses, an association between the hypotheses can be inferred. Once the initial hypotheses, evidence belief values, and link strengths have been determined from the textual evidence, a preliminary structure for the decision network has been defined. The methodology then advances to 262. At 262, a fusion engine associated with the system calculates appropriate belief, disbelief, and uncertainty values for each hypothesis according to the determined belief and link strength values and an associated data fusion algorithm. Once the belief, disbelief, and unknown values for each hypothesis have been determined, the decision network is complete and can be utilized by an analyst in a decision making process.
After a decision network is constructed, the system can continue to integrate new pieces of evidence into the network via the data fusion algorithm. A new text segment can be processed by the system to create a document template from information extracted from the segment. As discussed above, the extracted information can provide a starting probability associated with the document template. The document template is then classified at one or more classifiers to determine a hypothesis associated with the template and its associated place within the network structure. It will be appreciated that the template can be associated with a new or existing hypothesis. If the hypothesis is a new hypothesis, its connection to the existing hypotheses can be determined via a link analysis procedure, as described above. The new evidence is then placed into the network, and new values are calculated for each hypothesis in light of the new evidence.
With reference to
The server computer 320 further includes a hard disk drive 327, a magnetic disk drive 328, e.g., to read from or write to a removable disk 329, and an optical disk drive 330, e.g., for reading a CD-ROM disk 331 or to read from or write to other optical media. The hard disk drive 327, magnetic disk drive 328, and optical disk drive 330 are connected to the system bus 323 by a hard disk drive interface 332, a magnetic disk drive interface 333, and an optical drive interface 334, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, etc. for the server computer 320. Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk and a CD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of media which are readable by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, and the like, may also be used in the exemplary operating environment, and further that any such media may contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods of the present invention.
A number of program modules may be stored in the drives and RAM 325, including an operating system 335, one or more application programs 336, other program modules 337, and program data 338. A user may enter commands and information into the server computer 320 through a keyboard 340 and a pointing device, such as a mouse 342. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, a joystick, a game pad, a satellite dish, a scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 321 through a serial port interface 346 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, a game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 347 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 323 via an interface, such as a video adapter 348. In addition to the monitor, computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers.
The server computer 320 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote client computer 349. The remote computer 349 may be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the server computer 320, although only a memory storage device 350 is illustrated in
When used in a LAN networking environment, the server computer 320 is connected to the local network 351 through a network interface or adapter 353. When used in a WAN networking environment, the server computer 320 typically includes a modem 354, or is connected to a communications server on the LAN, or has other means for establishing communications over the wide area network 352, such as the Internet. The modem 354, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 323 via the serial port interface 346. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the server computer 320, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
In accordance with the practices of persons skilled in the art of computer programming, the present invention has been described with reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations that are performed by a computer, such as the server computer 320, unless otherwise indicated. Such acts and operations are sometimes referred to as being computer-executed. It will be appreciated that the acts and symbolically represented operations include the manipulation by the processing unit 321 of electrical signals representing data bits which causes a resulting transformation or reduction of the electrical signal representation, and the maintenance of data bits at memory locations in the memory system (including the system memory 322, hard drive 327, floppy disks 329, and CD-ROM 331) to thereby reconfigure or otherwise alter the computer system's operation, as well as other processing of signals. The memory locations where such data bits are maintained are physical locations that have particular electrical, magnetic, or optical properties corresponding to the data bits.
What has been described above includes exemplary implementations of the present invention. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the present invention, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the present invention are possible. For example, while a number of examples herein have discussed the construction of Dempster-Shafer belief networks, it will be appreciated that other decision networks, such as Bayesian belief networks and Markov networks, can be constructed from text in accordance with the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
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|British Telecommunications Plc
|Method and apparatus for creating a customized summary of text by selection of sub-sections thereof ranked by comparison to target data items
|Feb 20, 2001
|Nov 22, 2001
|Richter James Neal
|Automated adaptive classification system for bayesian knowledge networks
|Jun 18, 2001
|Aug 1, 2002
|Ivan Bella
|Scaleable object recognition with a belief model
|Jul 23, 2001
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|Haug Peter J.
|Probabilistic system for natural language processing
|May 22, 2002
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|Schultz Roger Stephen
|Digital receipt generation from information electronically read from product
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|Wilbanks John Thompson
|Systems, methods and computer program products for integrating databases to create an ontology network
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|Automatic invocation of computational resources without user intervention
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|Scaleable object recognition with a belief model
|Patrick J. Talbot, "Semantic Networks: A Unifying Framework for Multistrategy Reasoning"; Technology Review Journal-Spring/Summer 2003.
|Patrick J. Talbot, "Semantic Networks: A Unifying Framework for Multistrategy Reasoning"; Technology Review Journal—Spring/Summer 2003.
|Talbot; 'Computational antiterrorism solutions using a general purpose evidence fusion engine', 2002, Technology review journal. Spring/Summer 2002. pp. 23-36.
|Talbot; 'Computational antiterrorism solutions using a general purpose evidence fusion engine', 2002, Technology review journal. Spring/Summer 2002. pp. 23-36.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 28, 2006
|Mar 20, 2012
|Battelle Memorial Institute
|Hypothesis analysis methods, hypothesis analysis devices, and articles of manufacture
|Dec 15, 2011
|Jun 10, 2014
|The Boeing Company
|Secure information classification
|Apr 28, 2006
|Nov 1, 2007
|Battelle Memorial Institute
|Hypothesis analysis methods, hypothesis analysis devices, and articles of manufacture
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 30, 2004
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text:
Common sunstar (Credit Carrie Pillow)
Mixed sediments of gravel, sand and cobbles create a mosaic of habitats for marine wildlife.
Harbour porpoise and minke whales are often spotted from the shore.
Running from Skipsea to Spurn Point, the seafloor here boasts a wealth of diversity, including habitats of cobbles, mixed sediment, sand and chalk, alongside patches of peat and clay. This mosaic supports a dense coverage of hydroid and bryozoan turf, sponges and ross worm reef as well as many fish, including tope and smoothhound. Over 8 different types of crabs have been seen at Holderness Inshore as well as the purple bloody henry starfish and common sunstars. Harbour porpoises and minke whales are often spotted from the shore passing through this area.
Holderness Inshore is also important for foraging seabirds as well as migrants. Within the southern region is 'The Binks', a geological feature forming the seaward extension of Spurn Point.
This recommended Marine Conservation Zone is under consideration for the second tranche of MCZs
Holderness Inshore is currently under consideration for the second tranche of MCZs. This site was proposed for a number of features including: (1) Spurn Head - an active spit system which extends across the mouth of the Humber Estuary; (2) 'The Binks' - an area of subtidal rubble adjacent to the spit, which traps sediment and reduces erosion of Spurn head; and (3) deep water rocks which are home to an array of animals such as cup corals, sea-fans, sponges, brittlestars and sea urchins.
This site provides a nursery habitat for fish species and the biogenic reefs found within the site contribute to coastal protection.
We need you to help ensure that this site is designated. Show your support for this site by responding to the current consultation: www.wildlifetrusts.org/savemczs.
Location map
Contains UKHO Law of the Sea data. Crown copyright and database right and contains Ordnance Survey Data Crown copyright and database 2012
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text:
Originally posted by WalkInSilence
BTW I miss the Moderator listing at the top of each forum. Off topic.
Originally posted by byhiniur
Another question that may answer my question is "Has the updating from old to Dark Matter finished"?
Originally posted by mrmonsoon
I only have one downside to it, it just goes to reinforce the idea that so many people think "the end is near"
This content community relies on user-generated content from our member contributors. The opinions of our members are not those of site ownership who maintains strict editorial agnosticism and simply provides a collaborative venue for free expression.
All content copyright 2015, The Above Network, LLC.


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I really like your music it's inspirational and soothing.
I've never been so relaxed while enjoying someone's music! Great artistry here!
Great playing and sound!
Nice Work. I think Sake is my favorite!
I just listened to your music and it sounds great, I am only 16 and I've been recording, and mixing my own track. I was wondering if you could take a listen and let me know what you think ?
Excelente, me fascina.
"Flavio's musical genre is hard to define, with spanish lyrics and influenced by the best world guitarrists like Steve Vai and Andy Timmons, listening to his songs makes you discover a entirely unusual and exquisite musical universe"


text:
18 Cool Things You Won't Believe Were Built Using CSS
Contrary to popular belief, CSS is not only used to provide basic style for a web page in order to make... Continue reading
Contrary to popular belief, CSS is not only used to provide basic style for a web page in order to make... Continue reading
Complete UIs and elements, textures and brushes for Photoshop, HTML templates, background designs, icons, fonts and tools make our lives as... Continue reading
CSS is the underlying language that gives websites its look. Although CSS is a straightforward language and easy to learn, it... Continue reading
CSS3 have made designing web more exciting with the introduction of new properties. While you might know of the popular ones,... Continue reading
Maps are handy for a lot of reasons. Not only do they help us navigate through certain areas, they also enable... Continue reading
Modern browsers have a lot of support for most CSS3 properties. You can essentially apply CSS animations, transformations and gradients among... Continue reading
Knowing that you have something, but not knowing where it is can be a frustrating feeling. This can be particularly true... Continue reading
With all the new features in CSS3, we are now able to build image-less websites. In the past, the use of... Continue reading
Are you getting sick of the daily grind of commercial creativity – having to be creative on command for a client... Continue reading
Logos, as you all know, play are a major part in branding. A good logo can help the masses associate and... Continue reading
One of my favorite things, besides design, food, and writing about design and food, is perturbing my fellow designers with strange... Continue reading
Many people dream of becoming wealthy by doing the thing that they love. Designers, by and large, get into design because... Continue reading
When dealing with the issue of trying to get a users attention, there are many ways for you to achieve this.... Continue reading
Some people think that traditional branding design is becoming irrelevant in the age of social networking, new media, and the "personal... Continue reading


text:
Upper ocean biogeochemistry
project: Linkages between seismic and microbial events
Project Managers: Debra Stakes
Scientists: Debra Stakes/Ed DeLong
Lead Engineer: Paul McGill/Gene Massion
The goal of this project is to constrain the linkages between
deformation (earthquakes), fluid flow and chemistry, and microbial
response across the northern Juan de Fuca Plate. The Juan de Fuca Ridge
and the Nootka Transform/Cascadia Subduction Zone will be instrumented
with seismometers and chemical sensors during field seasons from 2003-2005.
During 2003, MBARI will
fabricate, test, and assist in the deployment of six corehole seismometers
and two broadband seismometers on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The corehole
instruments will be placed into existing boreholes created during the 2002
The MBARI/Keck development effort will also design and
test a prototype deep-sea environmental sample processor (Deep-ESP). This
is a coordinated extension of the current ESP effort. The system will be designed to collect and process
particle samples in situ to 4000 meters depth, using a format identical to the
existing shallow-water ESP. Capabilities for monitoring solid-support
microbial detection assays will be incorporated using the existing ESP
design. The prototype of a new, pressure-reducing sampling module will be fabricated in 2003-2004.
Deep-ESP will also undergo a concept design review, laboratory testing, and


text:
Teaching Activities
These teaching activities have been contributed by participants in Cutting Edge workshops and related to the themes of this workshop - hydrogeology, soils, low-temperature geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and upper-division environmental science. You may also access the full listing of Teaching Activities on the Cutting Edge website.Help
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An integrated view of the Glendale Landscape part of Cutting Edge:Hydrogeology:Hydrogeology, Soils, Geochemistry 2013:Activities
Kaye Savage, Wofford College
Students work in groups to develop posters that communicate their concept of landscape following several field labs (soils, sediment analysis, river discharge, vegetation survey, aquatic life) at one location. They ...
Learn more about this review process.
Soils Field Characterization, Collection, and Laboratory Analysis part of Cutting Edge:Hydrogeology:Hydrogeology, Soils, Geochemistry 2013:Activities
Abir Biswas, The Evergreen State College
Field characterization of soil profiles in coniferous and deciduous settings; sample collection of soils from different horizons; laboratory analysis of soil moisture, soil organic carbon (by loss on ignition), and ...
Learn more about this review process.
Calcium (Ca) availability to ecosystems: Weathering of limestone, apatite, and Ca-plagioclase (anorthite) part of Cutting Edge:Hydrogeology:Hydrogeology, Soils, Geochemistry 2013:Activities
Abir Biswas, The Evergreen State College
Sequence of laboratory activities to develop familiarity with geochemistry bench laboratory experimental methods; demonstration of different weathering rates of different Ca-bearing minerals; connection between ...
Learn more about this review process.
Global Phosphorus Cycle part of Quantitative Skills:Activity Collection
Kirsten Menking, Vassar College
Students create and modify a STELLA model of the global phosphorus cycle to test a number of scenarios.
Learn more about this review process.
Teaching the nitrogen cycle and human health interactions part of Cutting Edge:Topics:Geology and Human Health:Workshop 04:Activities
Margaret Townsend, University of Kansas Main Campus
This activity uses objects, pictures, and text in a matching game to define the nitrogen cycle and the environmental and human health impacts of nitrogen. The game can be used to associate useful and detrimental ...
Learn more about this review process.
Systems Geobiology Powers of 10 part of Cutting Edge:Develop Program-Wide Abilities:Complex Systems:Teaching Activities
Bruce Fouke, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Systems Geobiology is the study of complex interactions arising from the interplay of biological, geological, physical, chemical and even social systems across multiple spatial (microns to thousands of kilometers) ...
Learn more about this review process.
Atmospheric Carbon: Can We Offset the Increase? part of Cutting Edge:Courses:Oceanography:Activities
Joceline Boucher, Maine Maritime Academy
This activity lets students discover first hand how the big issues in climate change – here, the increase in atmospheric CO2 and the utility of carbon offsets – can be understood through measurement, ...
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CCD & Calcareous Ooze Assignment part of Cutting Edge:Courses:Oceanography:Activities
Cindy Lampe, Ventura College
The assignment pre-tests student understanding of the CCD, lysocline, calcareous ooze, and the deposition of marine sediments near mid-ocean ridges and ocean basins.
Learn more about this review process.
Soil Ecology Lab part of Activities
Becky Ball, Arizona State University at the West Campus
Students collect soil samples from places of interest around campus and run a series of basic soil analyses to make conclusions about how soil fertility relates to the biological community and human management.
Learn more about this review process.
Campus Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory part of Starting Point-Teaching Entry Level Geoscience:Campus-Based Learning:Examples
Suzanne Savanick, Macalester College. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Suzanne Savanick and Chris Wells co-taught a class like this for the Macalester College environmental studies senior seminar during spring 2008.
Students conduct a greenhouse gas emission inventory for their college or university. Students analyze findings and present information to the college or university community. -
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text:
Based on my experience with colour neg printing and the Durst M605, something is seriously amiss(and yes I know you have in effect told us that) but it may be some comfort to state that I have never had such a problem so if everything else is OK such a problem shouldn't exist therefore can be solved.
I'll ask all the usual questions first: Do the negs look particulary dark when you hold them up to the light?
You don't say whether it is a 35mm or 120 but are you using the right lens with each(50mm/80mm). Even the "wrong" lens should give plenty of light however at f4 and the 80mm should go down to f4 or f5.6 at its smallest.
The light intensity should improve by leaps and bounds as you move the lens through its range of aperture, does it improve at all. If not could it be stuck at f22 even through you are apparently moving it? Take it out and try it, holding it up to the light.
There is a light box that moves from 35mm to 66. Is the lever fully home at both settings. If it sticks in the middle then ot can shade the light from the baseboard a lot. Have a look inside the box and move the lever both ways, does the two settings give full exposure by moving the acrylic vanes fully out of the way?
Is the bulb sitting square in its holder? Bulbs in the 605 are a bit fiddly to set correctly. It is easy to place the bulb at an angle. While looking does the bulb and reflector look OK. The bulb should produce such a bright light that you can't look at it for more than a second or so without being blinded.
You don't say whether you had any problems with B&W negs prior to attempting to focus a colour neg. If B&W negs were brightly illuminated at big apertures like f2.8, f4 or f5.6 then either something has happened by coincidence to one of the items mentioned above when you've switched to a colour neg or we're back to the look of the colour neg and it's very dark which suggests a colour processing problem. Have you got any other negs to compare with?
All you can do is work through each possible problem to see where it leads you but rest assured a bright neg projection is the norm.
Best of luck


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Feb 16
Feb 15
17th Annual Millennium Music Showcase 9PM Milkshake Jones 10PM The Demos 11PM Amber Blues 12AM Pete Herger
Feb 18
9PM Revolution, I Love You 10PM Ellee Ven 11PM Angel Rockets 12AM Designer Junkies
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text:
hello. i just replaced my chainring and bike chain. when i ride my bike and pedal harder or fast i heard my bike making a grinding sound. any ideas what is causing this?? also how long do aluminum alloy chainring last (miles)?
hello. i just replaced my chainring and bike chain. when i ride my bike and pedal harder or fast i heard my bike making a grinding sound. any ideas what is causing this?? also how long do aluminum alloy chainring last (miles)?
Tighten everything properly. Lube everything that needs to be lubed. Try again.
Wilier Izoard XP (Campagnolo Record)
Cinelli Xperience (SRAM Force)
Specialized Allez (SRAM Rival)
Bianchi Via Nirone 7 (Campagnolo Centaur)
Take a close look for adjusment and lubrication of bottom bracket and pedals.
Front chainrings normally last a long time. If yours was worn out, that would be a sign to look for other wear on the bike like, for example, the bottom bracket..
my chainring is new and also bike chain is new usually come lube already??? yea i check and tighten everything. oh yea i forgot to mention my single speed bike uses a chain tensioner since it has vertical dropouts do you think maybe the chain is too long,
could it be dirt on the rear cog or on the roller of the chain tensioner??
anyone know what might be wrong??? does aluminum chain-ring on new bike chain always will make a grinding sound???
What kind of bike? What kind of gearing setup?
RANS V3 (steel), RANS V-Rex, RANS Screamer
old school marin 1996 hybrid bike. was multi-speed now converted to a single-speed bike that uses a chain-tensioner 48/14 gear ratio. not sure if the chain tension is too tight or dirt on my rear cog. my chain-ring and bike chain is new. my chain tension i think is fine when i walk my bike and it hits a bump on the road the chain moves and shakes slightly.
Is the chainline reasonably straight from front to back?
Can your chain tensioner be adjusted to a bit less tight to see if that makes a difference? It needs to be tight enough so that the chain doesn't come off the chainring or cog.
Cleaning and lubing couldn't hurt. Including the tension device.
RANS V3 (steel), RANS V-Rex, RANS Screamer
the chainline is straight from front to back. my chain-tensioner can be adjust to a bit less tight. i think it is okay because when i lift my bike and put it down on ground the chain jump up and down slightly a tight chain will not jump up and down or move a single bit. i haven't lube it yet since the chain is new. but doesnt it come lube already???
You went to the trouble of installing a new chain and front chainring, but couldn't be bothered to clean the rear cog?
Clean it thoroughly, as well as the tensioner pulleys, with solvent and a rag, until you can't wipe another bit from any tooth or indentation between.
(2) Chainline. The second culpret is edge-wise contact between the cog teeth and the chain at the lower point where they meet. Your chainline might "appear" straight, but might be several mm off. Use geometry, an accurate millimeter scale measure, and a centerline reference point to determine where your front chain ring is and where your rear cog is. These measurements are made from the bike frame centerline to the cog/chainring tooth centerline. How far off is it really?
These two things, when corrected, should remove your issue.
i did the first thing you mention. the 2nd thing you mention still dont understand how to measure. do i start from the chainring and measure to the rear cog?? any sites or good pictures i can look at??
The rear takes a little more math. There are several ways to do this, but the most straightforward is to take the distance from the outside of the non-drive side locknut to the outside of the drive side locknut. It's best to make this measurement with digital calipers set to the metric scale, but you can use a mm-scale ruler if you are careful. With calipers, you can make the measure with the wheel off. With a ruler, do it with the wheel mounted in the rear dropouts.
Measure the distance (C). This is the outer locknut distance of your rear hub, which will be in the neighborhood of 120mm-130mm, depending on the wheel that you're using. Now measure from the drive-side outside of the locknut to the center of the rear cog teeth. Similarly to the chainring, make this measurement a few times around the cog and average the result. This distance is the in-board centerline of the cog (D).
Take the (C) measurement and divide by two = C/2. Next take the inboard cog distance D and subtract it from C/2. That is the rear chainline measure, or C/2-D=rear chainline. Compare this to the front chainline measure, and you'll know how far off you are and which of the two you need to change to get better alignment. Some folks will accept 5mm or so error. I'd suggest that <2mm would be better.
Hope that this helps you.
Last edited by Phil_gretz; 07-16-12 at 07:18 AM. Reason: wording
Grinding sounds can come from a crunchy rear hub needing fresh lube and adjustment. If the rear hub bearings are rough it will transmit sound up through the bike components and make you wonder just where it's coming from.
Pull the rear wheel and hand-spin/rotate the axle in your fingers feeling for any "dry spots" or anything feel that isnt smooth.
Having a flat tire as part of the total cycling experience is highly overrated. Knowing how to fix one quickly is not.
'85 Trek 460 road racer
'89 Raleigh Technium PRE
'79 Motobecane Super Mirage
thanks Phil i'll give it a try.
Thanks old school for the tip.


text:
Get the latest Flash player
Date: 3 years ago
Runtime: 8:26
Views: 244,091
Frat Boy Dallas Fucked Bareback
Before fucking me bareback, the top remembers he has a straight guy's load in a condom in the freezer, and we use it in my hole for lube. From "Trailer Trash Inbreeders" by Knightbreeders.
cum, bareback, cumslut, gaping, for, mask, jock, lube, hole, creampie, dallas, frat, cumplay, quinn
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text:
ADinf32 was reviewed and certified by Softpedia."
News about anti-virus ADinf32
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text:
The Field Day from the Black Lagoon
Scholastic, May 1, 2008 - Juvenile Fiction - 64 pages
Another fun chapter book about field day and sports from the dynamic duo of Mike Thaler and Jared Lee - just in time for summer!
There's just one week until field day at the Black Lagoon and Hubie is going to be ready!
But getting in shape in one week is harder than he thinks -- especially when the workout kit he has seems to be for chickens. Why else would he be developing his pecs and thighs?
When the two teams finally meet on the big day, there's more than winning at stake. Will their friendships survive the cut-throat water balloon tosses and three-legged races that await them?
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|3 stars
|2 stars
|1 star
After readig this book I asked myself the following:
Need to lose weight?
How to lose weight fast ?
How to lose weight in a week ? And now ... read my successful story here
==>> http://herbsin.com/JennifersWeightLossDiary.html
Some excerpts from my diary:
- health food stores in los angeles
- easy fast free weight loss
- why is building muscle important in any fitness program
- public health nutrition jobs
- curves for women exercise program
Good Luck!
Review: The Field Day from the Black Lagoon (Black Lagoon Adventures #6)User Review - Jennifer Wolf - Goodreads
According to Corbin, "It has a lot of drama and action!" Read full review


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1992 Plymouth Voyager • 162,000 miles
I bought this car from an elderly lady who kept really good maintenance However she said GET AN OIL CHANGE. That was a month ago. I cant afford an oil change since I paid $2000 for the van. Then I noticed and oil leak and when I drove I heard a faint tapping in the engine, and the check gages came on We added 2 qrts and the tapping and light went away that was 6 days ago. Now there is a tapping and no light on. Whats the issue?
August 28, 2011.
August 28, 2011.
Possibly a faulty lash adjuster, just topping up oil is not good enough you do not flush out all the carbon and acids that build up in the old oil, I would do an engine flush and used new oil and replace the filter and see if that helps.
Sep 1, 2011.
Sep 1, 2011.
After we received the car back from our mechanic. Is there a wrong way to steam a car engine on a BMW? Why am I still leaking oil?
3 answers • 1999 BMW 528 • 190,000 miles
I'm looking at buying an '01 Civic (1.7 Liter). It has 178k on it and seems well cared for except what I think is a modest oil leak around the head. What is entailed in that repair...
1 answer • 2001 Honda Civic • 178,000 miles
2005 nissan pathfinder oil leak right behind the filter in a part that has two hoses
2 answers • 2005 Nissan Pathfinder • 138,000 miles
I have a 1992 Acura Integra 180,000 miles. It has a 1.8 engine I have an oil leak in a strange place. I removed the spark plugs wires and found oil in a good amount on top of one of...
1 answer • 1992 Acura Integra • 180,000 miles


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Picture: Lady Gaga posted this image of herself on Twitter with the caption: With my buddy Jonas. Being weird for money
Lady GaGa and Taylor Kinney may have kept their relationship on the low-down, though the couple openly celebrated their first anniversary at Chicago restaurant Spiaggia on Sunday (August 5, 2012), according to the New York Post.
The pair and four pals dined at the lavish eatery to mark the occasion, ordering oysters and caviar. Kinney is currently in Chicago filming NBC's forthcoming drama 'Chicago Fire' and Gaga has made numerous visits to the Windy City to visit him. The pair were just a couple of the dozens of celebrities who descended on the city last weekend, most for the Lollapalooza festival at Grant Park. Among the acts playing were Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jack White, Calvin Harris and Florence and the Machine. Stars such as Joe Manganiello and Rose McGowan took the city's various after-parties, as did David Arquette and his ex-girlfriend Christina MCLarty. Saturday afternoon's performances at the festival were cancelled due to the severe rain that rocked the area, though it continued later that night.
Lady Gaga - who recently shared an intimate snap of herself and Kinney in a swimming pool - features on the cover of the September issue of Vogue. The singer shared the cover with her 28 million Twitter followers this week.


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|Iridaceae (eye-rid-AY-see-ee) (Info)
|Iris (EYE-ris) (Info)
|Philip Rowe
|by Bartlett
|Registered or introduced:
Tall Bearded (TB)
24-36 in. (60-90 cm)
12-15 in. (30-38 cm)
15-18 in. (38-45 cm)
18-24 in. (45-60 cm)
USDA Zone 3a: to -39.9 �C (-40 �F)
USDA Zone 3b: to -37.2 �C (-35 �F)
USDA Zone 4a: to -34.4 �C (-30 �F)
USDA Zone 4b: to -31.6 �C (-25 �F)
USDA Zone 5a: to -28.8 �C (-20 �F)
USDA Zone 5b: to -26.1 �C (-15 �F)
USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 �C (-10 �F)
USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 �C (-5 �F)
USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 �C (0 �F)
USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 �C (5 �F)
USDA Zone 8a: to -12.2 �C (10 �F)
USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 �C (15 �F)
Full Sun
Sun to Partial Shade
Parts of plant are poisonous if ingested
Pale Yellow
Bright Yellow
Extra early (EE)
Midseason (M)
Late Midseason (MLa)
6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic)
6.6 to 7.5 (neutral)
7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline)
By dividing rhizomes, tubers, corms or bulbs (including offsets)
Allow cut surface to callous over before planting
Allow pods to dry on plant; break open to collect seeds
N/A: plant does not set seed, flowers are sterile, or plants will not come true from seed
Average Water Needs; Water regularly; do not overwater
This plant has been said to grow in the following regions:
Tucson, Arizona
Shepherd, Montana
On Dec 1, 2006, Margiempv from Oro Valley, AZ (Zone 9a) wrote:
Nice form, and a great grower/increaser. A nice lemon yellow - one of the nicest in it's class, and it has a long bloom season.


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"deleting pointless full quote of last post"
"deleting pointless full quote of last post"
Oct 28 2011, 07:39
Post #1
Group: Members
Posts: 231
Joined: 6-April 09
Member No.: 68706
I'm really annoyed by this. One moderator loves to pointlessly delete quotes from user posts. Please stop. It makes no sense. It doesn't help anybody and actually hurts.
Quoting previous posts is a clear reference to which post I am replying to. And when somebody doesn't read whole topic but only skims through it, it allows to go only forward w/out backsearches "what did he mean"
Oct 28 2011, 18:50
Post #2
Group: Super Moderator
Posts: 11385
Joined: 1-April 04
From: Northern California
Member No.: 13167
Deleting one or two lines is usually a waste and can often add back that much space because of the change in formatting due to editing.
Quotes are useful since they allow the thread view modes to work, but having everyone conform to using them as well as editing down the superfluous quoted material is simply an unreasonable expectation. I will continue to do what I think benefits the majority of users here.
This post has been edited by greynol: Oct 28 2011, 18:58
Your eyes cannot hear.
|Lo-Fi Version
|Time is now: 28th November 2015 - 19:24


text:
About Kings of Convenience
Bergen, Norway-based indie pop duo Kings of Convenience teamed singer/guitarist Erik Glambek Bøe and guitarist Erlend Øye. After first earning notice thanks to a series of acclaimed European festival appearances during the summer of 1999, the twosome signed to American label Kindercore to issue their lovely eponymous debut the following spring. Quiet Is the New Loud was issued in early 2001 on Astralwerks. The album used many of the same tracks from the Kindercore release but reordered them and replaced a few with newer songs. The remix album Versus followed later in the year and featured remixes by artists as diverse as Ladytron, David Whitaker, and Four Tet. After a three-year layoff during which Øye recorded a solo album, 2003's Unrest, and gained some renown as an electronica DJ while Bøe worked on finishing up his psychology degree, the pair teamed up again for the recording and release of 2004's excellent Riot on an Empty Street. After a five-year break during which rumors of a breakup swirled around the duo, then were dispelled by a series of occasional concerts during 2007 and 2008, they returned with a new album in October of 2009. Declaration of Dependence was made up of songs written during that long break and retains all of the group's trademark sound. ~ Jason Ankeny, Rovi
Tour Dates
Dec 01 TuesdayBasel, Switzerland Kaserne Basel
Dec 03 ThursdayPrague, Czech Republic MeetFactory
Dec 04 FridayVienna, Austria Simm City Festsaal Zentrum Simmering
Dec 05 SaturdayBratislava, Slovakia Ateliér Babylon
Dec 07 MondayBarcelona, Spain Sala Apolo
Dec 08 TuesdayValencia, Spain La Cambra (espai Rambleta)
Dec 09 WednesdayMadrid, Spain Teatro Lara
Dec 10 ThursdayMadrid, Spain Teatro Lara
Powered by


text:
November 24, 2015
MONTGOMERY, Ala. (AP) - A state representative says this election year might finally bring success for his legislation to end the governor's control over which highway projects get built and which get postponed.
Republican state Rep. Cam Ward of Alabaster has persuaded the House to pass a bill for seven years that would transfer control of
the state Department of Transportation from the governor to an
appointed commission.
His bill has always died in the Senate.
But Ward says this year may be different because Gov. Bob Riley is not seeking re-election and the commission would apply to a new
Ward's bill is pending in a Senate committee.
Democratic Sen. Larry Means of Attalla says he hopes to kill the bill like he has in past years.
He says the system is working with the governor in control.
(Copyright 2010 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text:
by Ken McManus
Marine Rescue NSW - Volunteers from Marine Rescue Jervis Bay will today celebrate the official commissioning of their rapid-response rescue vessel, Jervis Bay20 'Wayne Walker'.
Marine Rescue Jervis Bay rescue vesselJervis Bay 20 'Wayne Walker'at full speed.
The vessel and its air-berth represent a further investment of $47,000 by Marine Rescue NSW in boating safety in the Illawarra region. This follows the major refurbishment of the unit's large 12.5m Steber offshore rescue vessel, Jervis Bay 40 'Colin Woods', in 2012, at a cost of $414,500.
MRNSW Commissioner Stacey Tannos and Board Directors, along with dignitaries including Parliamentary Speaker and South Coast MP Shelley Hancock, Gilmore MP Ann Sudmalis and Shoalhaven Mayor Joanna Gash, will join unit members at the vessel's commissioning ceremony at 10a.m.
Commissioner Tannos said the 6.8 metre Marlin Broadbill Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat (RHIB) was a quick response vessel well suited to operations on Jervis Bay.
'The Marlin Broadbill is an effective companion to Jervis Bay 40, making it a valuable search and rescue resource for Jervis Bay, the Illawarra's most popular inshore waterway for recreational boating,' he said.
'It forms an important part of Marine Rescue's strategic safety net of rescue vessels covering the NSW coastline and inland on the Alpine Lakes and the Murray River at Moama.
'This rapid response vessel is one of 36 new and refurbished vessels delivered to date at a cost of more than $10 million as part of our ongoing project to upgrade our rescue fleet through the financial support of the NSW Government and the boating community.'
The boat is named in recognition of the contribution of Jervis Bay member Wayne Walker to the unit and marine rescue services in the Illawarra over 23 years. Mr Walker was one of the founders of the then Jervis Bay Coastal Patrol (now Marine Rescue) in 1991 and has held numerous positions, including Unit Commander and Search Master. He was instrumental in the acquisition of the Colin Woods for marine rescue service in 2000.
Unit Commander Greg Atkinson said Jervis Bay 20 was chosen for its reliability, flexibility and suitability for work on the bay.
'This is a great asset for the unit and for our many local and visiting boaters. The boat is swift and highly manoeuverable, enabling us to respond quickly to an emergency on the bay,' he said.
'It is fitted with state of the art navigation, marine radios, and after dark search lighting, making it a 24-hour emergency response vessel in the changing conditions of Jervis Bay.'
During the commissioning event, at Club Jervis Bay, Ms Sudmalis will present National Medals to Mr Atkinson, Mr Walker and Paul Ommundson, acknowledging their long and diligent service to volunteer marine rescue. Commissioner Tannosalso will present MRNSW Long Service Medals to members.
Ms Hancock will perform the christening of the vessel and present a Go Pro Camera to Unit Commander Atkinson for recording rescue and training activities.
The Commissioner paid tribute to the unit's volunteers for their hard work and dedication to serving the region's large boating community.
He acknowledged the vital support of the State Government and the boating community for Marine Rescue's essential services.
'The financial support we receive from the Government and through boaters' registration and licence fees provides about 50 per cent of the annual budget we need to provide NSW with a world-class marine search and rescue, radio network and education service for safer boating,' he said.
Commissioner Tannos reminded boaters to always wear a lifejacket when on board and to Log On and Off with their local Marine Rescue radio base whenever they were on the water. To find your local base, visit marinerescuensw.com.au
The public is invited to inspect the unit's rescue vessels and the Marine Rescue Radio Base at Huskisson at noon after the commissioning ceremony.


text:
Photos: Time to regroup, but how will Cowboys go about it for 2013?
Photo: Vernon Bryant/Staff Photographer
Linebacker Anthony Spencer (pictured), arguably the Cowboys' best defender this season, will be a free agent. His asking price is expected to be steep. The Cowboys will have to look hard at keeping him while examining the futures of Coleman, an impending free agent, and Ratliff. Both players are in their 30s, and their durability is in question along with their ability to continually produce at this stage of their careers.
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text:
2 posters
1 groups
It's "The Three Mesquiteers" again. Gaucho escapes from Braden's gang only to be shot by them. The Mesquiteers drive away the outlaws and take his money on to his mother. But Isabella thinks Tucson is her long lost son and they don't have the heart to tell her he is dead.
2 versions
© 2004 - 2015 The Internet Movie Poster Database | This page was executed in 0.00855 sec.


text:
The owners and staff of the Hotel Parco are extremely friendly and helpful. I have made three extended stays for business in the region and have never been disappointed. I would give the highest marks to cleanliness in the rooms and throughout the property. The breakfast table is always inviting and the location allows for easy access to key points... More
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text:
This question type collects input from a list of radio buttons.
Download english sample question: Z_-_List_Flexible_Labels_Radio.csv
This lets you set the default values for some list question type, multiple choice question types and text question type (New in 1.92 ) .
Valid values
Caution with default value and hidden question
This option lets you require that all parts of the question be answered. If you have a question with multiple sub-questions, and want to require that some but not all parts be answered, use the min_answers question attribute instead.
Valid values
This option is used by multiple choice-type questions and gives you the ability to ask for a selection that is not part of the enumerated answer list.
Valid values
If the value of the relevance equation is "1" or "true", the question is "relevant" in the survey context, i.e. it is shown to the survey participant. If not, the question is hidden. All questions let you specify a relevance equation. Relevance is the successor to conditions and supports much more complex conditional logic.
Syntax Highlighting
Whenever you save the relevance equation, it will be evaluated and syntax-highlighted. Any errors will be color coded so that you can quickly detect and fix them.
Valid values
Any equation, using Expression Manager syntax, without surrounding curly braces.
Here are good examples of syntax highlighting
Most questions will usually include a tip that says "Please choose one of the following options" or similar hint text how to fill out the question. This attribute allows you to turn off this tips/hints.
These tips include the validation criteria messages, (such as min/max number of answers, min/max/equals sum value). If hide_tip is true, they will be initially hidden; but if the user enters invalid data, the tips will appear, color coded red to indicate the error. Once the validation criteria are met, the color coding will change to green, but the tips will not disappear.
For tip used by LimeSurvey (dynamic), the method use to hide tip is css only, then you can choose another way for hidding it. An exemple to show tip if user submit with error:
.hide-tip .good {display: none;} .hide-tip .error {display: none;} .input-error .hide-tip .error {display: block;}
Available options
If you use a list of radiobuttons or a dropdown list you can order this list alphabetically by applying this question attribute.
Available options
Short text string to replace the text "Other" as the label for other.
Entering a value of "Alternative:" for this attribute would result in the word "Alternative:" being used for the label for the "Other" option instead of the word "Other". It is extremely important to note that this question attribute should only be used in single-language surveys. Prior to version 1.80, if used in multiple language surveys, the same question attribute value will be used no matter which language is being displayed.
In version 1.80 and later, a translation will be attempted but will only be successful if the translation already exists in the alternate language file (ie: translation cannot be made on a survey-by-survey basis). This means: to translate your other text you have to add your other_replace_text to the english .mo file (because this is LimeSurveys baselanguage) and translate this String in each of your surveys languages .mo files.
This setting allows you to display the answers options for the question in more than 1 column. Add this attribute, and a value indicating the number of columns you wish the question to use. The number of columns should be limited on the number of answers (so empty or near-empty columns are not created).
Included template are set to use 8 column max. If you need more column, you have to use and adapt your own template.
Valid values
This attribute causes LimeSurvey to ignore the existing order of answer options/subquestions, and instead it orders them randomly. It is important to note that this random order will be reordered each time the question is displayed, so if someone returns to a question, the order will probably be different from the first time they saw it. Having the answers display randomly is useful to remove the possibility of bias from answers to questions. Please note that if a question has subquestions the order of subquestions will be randomized, not the order of the answer options.
Available options
Place questions into a specified randomization group, all questions included in the specified group will appear in a random order.
Valid values
Just enter any string you like (for example: 'group1'). All question which have set the same string will have their place in the survey randomized (=randomly exchanged among each other).
If you prefill a question by URL you can use this setting to hide the question and its value from the survey participant at all. This overrides any conditions because the particular question is never even embedded in a page. If you just want to hide a question (for example if you want to store a value calculated on the fly) then use Javascript embedded in the question source code.
Available options
Only applies to mandatory questions having an 'other answer' in which the participant can give a free text response ('other comment').
When this setting is activated and the participant selects the other answer (the 'other checkbox' or 'other answer in a list'), then he will have to give a comment in the 'Other comment' input box in order to proceed to next page.
Note that this option is not available for Multiple Choice questions because the Other checkbox status is not recorded in DB for this question type, only the content of the other text input is recorded. This means that checking the other checkbox is just a visual effect that is only meaningfull if the text box is filled in: that is why other_comment_mandatory is assumed to be set for this question type.
If activated for a "Multiple options with comments" question and the user enters a value in the left part of the Other answer but doesn't enter text in the Other Comment part, a warning message will be displayed when he tries to proceed to the next page.
The Array filter exclusion advanced setting allows you to use a multiple choice question to select or set which responses won't display in a subsequent list, array or multiple choice question.
Furthermore, each of these types of questions can filtered.The only exception is Array (Column), which can filter other questions, but can not itself be filtered.
To set a filter
Enter the question code of a multiple options question to use as the source information. For example, if your source multiple option question code is "Q1" enter "Q1" into 'Array filter exclusion' input in the advanced settings of the question you want to filter.
The source question has to contain exactly the same list of answers/subquestion as the question you wish to filter. Your question will then only display those answers/subquestion that were not selected in the multiple options question.
If the questions do not have exactly the same set of answers/subquestions and codes, then the filters will break.
The Array filter exclusions settings will cascade – that is you can select a question which filters another question, which filters another question, and so on.
Ticking items 'One' and 'Three' in the first question results in those questions not being displayed in the subsequent question which uses array filter exclusion
Multi Option Question
Question: Which animals do you like?
1 Cat
2 Dog
3 Zebra
Array 5 Point Choice Question
Allow only numerical input for 'Other' text
The Array filter advanced settings allow you to use any multiple choice question to select or set which responses display in a subsequent list, array or multiple choice question.
Furthermore, each of these types of questions can be filtered.The only exception is Array (Column), which can filter other questions, but can not itself be filtered.
To set a filter
Enter the question code of a multiple options question to use as the source information into the setting for array filter. For example, if your source multiple option question code is "Q1" enter "Q1" into either the 'Array Filter' input or the 'Array Filter Exclusion' input in the advanced settings of the question you want to filter. Only answer options that are selected in question Q1 will be visible in the array_filter-ed question.
Array filter question settings require the questions being used to have exactly matching lists of answers. If the questions do not have exactly the same set of answers and codes, then the filters will break.
The Array filter will cascade – that is you can select a question which filters another question, which filters another question, and so on.
Array filter example
Ticking items 'One', 'Three' and 'Four' in the first question results in the entries 'One', 'Three' and 'Four' displaying in the subsequent question which uses array filter
Multi option question
Question: Which animals do you like?
1 Cat
2 Dog
3 Zebra
Array 5 Point Choice Question
Question: Rate these animals on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is I like them a little and 5 is I like them a lot
Array filter example 2 - Using Multiple Short Text
Here is the Limesurvey Group file for the above demo
Array filter example 3 - Cascading Array Filters
This sample survey shows use of array_filter, array_filter_exclude, and exclude_all_others, plus cascading array filters.
Used for SPSS export only. This attribute overrides the default scale guessed by SPSS. To learn what the different measurement scales do, please read the related SPSS documentation.
Available options
This attribute allows the admin to chose if the results of a particular question should be shown to the survey participant after he/she has the submitted he survey. Please note that in general to show statistics to the participant the survey setting 'Public statistics' has to be enabled!
The default setting for each question is 'No' (=Do not show statistics of this question to the user). You have to enable this for every single question if you want to show the survey statistics of that particular question to the participant after the survey submission.
Available options
This attribute is only active when you actually print a survey from the Printable View. It forces a page break before the question. (Only the Opera browser does not need this since it handles the page breaks accordingly.)
Available options
Choose how the filter is visually shown : hide the line or set 'disable' to input.
Available options