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DENHAM SPRINGS - The small city of Denham Springs has a big problem with outstanding warrants. The city marshal's office has a room stacked with filing cabinets, filled with thousands of warrants organized by year, some going back to the 1970s.
"The fact of the matter is, every week in court many, many more warrants are generated," said Denham Springs City Marshal Jerry Denton.
Denton says that the fees and fines owed on all the warrants add up to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Most of the warrants are for traffic tickets, misdemeanors. But these outstanding warrants are no joke. Denton's office finds people in violation every day, knock on their door and arrest them if necessary. That's why he came up with a program called 35/35. The number refers to a call that gives violators 35 days to come forward, pay $35 and avoid getting arrested and put in jail.
"It's a great opportunity to get their business straight," said Denton. "They can consider it an early Christmas present, because they are going to save some money if they come in and be compliant."
Any given fine and fee could add up to a few hundred dollars. If caught, repeat offenders could face bonds that add up to thousands of dollars.
The program starts on November 15, 2012. To participate in the 35/35 program call the Denham Springs Marshal's office at 1-800-701-8560 or 665-8568. You can also stop by the Marshal's office at 398 Mayor Herbert Ave. Denham Springs, LA 70726.


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Ball State's Pete Lembo has been named the top football coach in the Mid-American Conference.
The Sporting News ranked Lembo at the head of the MAC's class in its annual ranking of college football coaches.
The fourth-year Cardinal coach was listed at No. 42 in the nation, ahead of such coaches as Brady Hoke of Michigan (46), Kirk Ferentz of Iowa (51), Charlie Weis of Kansas (72), Kevin Wilson of Indiana (76) and Darrell Hazell of Purdue (113). ...

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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 15, 2011
|Filing date
|Aug 9, 2004
|Priority date
|Aug 9, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Sylvia Quiles
|Original Assignee
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (64), Non-Patent Citations (50), Referenced by (15), Classifications (5), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This document is related to commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/601,763, filed Jun. 23, 2003, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,155,290, entitled SECURE LONG-RANGE TELEMETRY FOR IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE, which is incorporated herein by reference.
This document is related to commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/801,070, filed Mar. 15, 2004, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,228,182, entitled CRYPTOGRAPHIC AUTHENTICATION FOR TELEMETRY WITH AN IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE, which is incorporated herein by reference.
This document is related to commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/800,806, filed Mar. 15, 2004, entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SECURELY AUTHENTICATING A DATA EXCHANGE SESSION WITH AN IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE, which is incorporated herein by reference.
This document is related to commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/801,150, filed Mar. 15, 2004, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,475,245, entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING SECURE EXCHANGE OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION WITH AN IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE, which is incorporated herein by reference.
This document pertains generally to telemetry for medical devices, and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to restricting access to selected assets of an implantable device.
Implantable medical devices are used to monitor physiological parameters and to deliver therapy to selected organs. An external programmer is often used by physicians to communicate data with an implantable device. The data may include measured parameters, electrocardiograms, markers, instructions, identification information and other such data. Typically, the external programmer includes a near field loop antenna that is positioned near the implantable device and an inductive coupling allows data communications. Because the external antenna is close to the patient, it can be assumed that the programmer is authorized to exchange data with and program the implantable device.
With the advent of far field communications for implantable devices, unauthorized or unintended communications with an implantable device becomes possible. Such communications can result in a minor inconvenience or tragic, life threatening, consequences.
In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals describe substantially similar components throughout the several views. Like numerals having different letter suffixes correspond to different instances of substantially similar components. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various embodiments of the present subject matter.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof and which illustrate specific embodiments of the present subject matter. The various embodiments, which are also referred to herein as examples, are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the subject matter, and it is to be understood that the embodiments may be combined, or that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural, logical and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present subject matter. The detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense and the scope of the present subject matter is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
In this document, the articles "a" and "an" denote both the singular and the plural form of the associated noun, and, unless otherwise noted, the term "or" is used in the non-exclusive sense. Furthermore, all publications, patents, and documents referred to in this document are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, as though individually incorporated by reference. In the event of inconsistencies between this document and those publications, patents and documents herein incorporated by reference, this document is controlling.
This document refers to a sending device and a receiving device. Unless otherwise provided, the sending device includes either the external device or the implantable device and accordingly, the receiving device includes either the implantable device or the external device, respectively. In other words, at any given time, the external device may be the sending device and the implantable device may be the receiving device and at another time, the device roles may be reversed.
In describing digital data, units of data are variously referred to herein as a packet and a frame. It will be understood that such units of data may differ in the content and the length as well as other parameters. Each such unit of data includes a message. The phrase "data throughput" (or "throughput") refers to the rate at which the message is conveyed between the sending and receiving device.
System Introduction
The present methods and systems control access to an implantable device using one or more security mechanisms tailored to the access needs. One example establishes multiple tiers of a communication session. Each tier is associated with a distinct level of access to one or more assets of an implantable device. The assets of the implantable device include device data as well as processes that can be executed by the device. For example, the ability to access selected memory registers having stored data, the ability to update firmware or software, the ability to program one or more parameters that affect device operation, and the ability to induce a cardiac event (such as a shock or a fibrillation) are all assets. Each of the assets correspond to a potential risk level for the patient. For example, confidential patient and device identification data is stored in certain memory registers. An unauthorized change in firmware or software could endanger the patient. In addition, the ability to induce a cardiac event presents a unique risk that may call for controlled conditions that are available in a properly equipped and staffed medical facility. Consequently, uncontrolled access to various assets of the implantable device poses a risk that can be mitigated by the present systems and methods.
The communication session tiers correspond to distinct levels of access associated with the various individuals requiring access to the implantable device. For example, a technician may have rights to read selected memory registers but has no rights to alter the contents, perform diagnostic testing of the device or program the device. As another example, a following physician may have rights to read all accessible memory locations and may also be allowed to perform diagnostic testing and program certain parameters that affect device operation. The term following physician refers to a physician or other person that provides medical care or monitors device operation.
In addition to granting access rights to an allowed set of assets and preventing access to a prohibited set of assets based on the identity of various individuals requesting access, one example uses one or more security protocols, or mechanisms, to ensure adequate authorization for such access. More rigorous measures are used for higher risk accesses of the device. In one example, the security protocols are keyed to the requested access level.
One example provides remote upgrading or programming of an implantable device. Parameters or software are initially loaded on a temporary basis. If satisfactory results are obtained, the temporary programming is then made permanent. As another example, to program the implantable device from a remote location, the patient (or a proxy present with the patient) provides an input authorizing the programming change. After a desired period of time, the implantable device reverts to a mode that requires another such authorizing input before any requested changes are made. Another example automatically reverts to a mode determined by the last permanently programmed parameters if the communication link is lost or if the session is interrupted.
The present systems and methods are suitable for use with an external device, examples of which include programmers and repeaters. A programmer, in the context of implantable devices, typically includes a display screen, a printer or other output device that conveys data to an operator and receives data or other instructions from a human operator or received from an input interface. A repeater, on the other hand, is typically used for remote monitoring of the implantable device and is also referred to as a remote interrogation device. A remote interrogation device, according to one example, includes a device having an interface to a communication network that enables remote monitoring or programming. The remote interrogation device communicates between the implantable device and the communication network, effectively extending the communication range. For example, a remote interrogation device may be connected to a telephone line within a home thus allowing medical personnel to monitor an implantable device of an occupant of the home via the plain old telephone service (POTS) network. In one example, a remote interrogation device is communicatively coupled to a network such as an intranet or the Internet using a dial-up modem, a broadband connection (including, for example, a cable modem, a digital subscriber line modem or a satellite connection) or other interface.
System Examples
In this example, external device 20A includes processor 24 coupled to memory 22, clock 26, transceiver 28 and interface 30. Interface 30 is further coupled to data input 32 and data output 34. In one example, the combination of data input 32 and interface 30 is referred to as an input interface and is configured to receive input data for controlling implantable device 50. In one example, the combination of data output 34 and interface 30 is referred to as an output interface and is configured to provide output information based on data units received from implantable device 50.
External device 20A typically implements a remote interrogation device or a programmer. Processor 24, in various examples, is implemented in circuitry to perform signal processing, a microprocessor configured to execute instructions, or any combination thereof. Memory 22 provides storage for instructions or data. Memory 22 includes, in various examples, read only memory, random access memory, removable memory and other types of memory. Clock 26 provides timing signals for processor 24.
Examples of transceiver 28 include a far field radio frequency transmitter and a far field radio frequency receiver. In
Implantable device 50 includes processor 54 coupled to memory 52, clock 56, transceiver 58 and interface 60. Interface 60 is further coupled to therapy circuit 62 and monitor circuit 64, each of which can be referred to as an electrical circuit. Implantable device 50, in various example, includes a cardioverter, a cardio defibrillator, a pacemaker, a therapy device or a monitoring device. Processor 54, in various example, is implemented in circuitry to perform signal processing, a microprocessor configured to execute instructions, or any combination thereof In one example, processor 54 includes circuitry or programming to implement an error detection algorithm. Processor 54 is configured to implement a method as described elsewhere in this document. Memory 52 provides storage for instructions or data, sometimes referred to as data units. Memory 52 includes, in various example, read only memory, random access memory and other types of memory. Clock 56 provides timing signals for implementing a method executed by implantable device 50. Transceiver 58, in the example illustrated, includes a far field radio frequency transmitter and a far field radio frequency receiver, each coupled to far field antenna 59. In one example, transceiver 58, includes a near field radio frequency transmitter and a near field radio frequency receiver, each coupled to near field antenna. Therapy circuit 62 delivers therapy to an organ as a function of a signal received from processor 54. Therapy circuit 62, in one example, includes a pulse generator circuit for delivering electrotherapy. Therapy circuit 62, in one example, includes a drug release circuit for delivering a chemical agent as a function of a signal received from processor 54. Monitor circuit 64, in various example, includes sensors or other devices and circuitry to monitor physiological conditions, parameters or events. Monitor circuit 64, in one example, includes sensors and circuitry to monitor parameters and values associated with implantable device 50. For instance, in one example monitor circuit 64 includes a transthoracic impedance measurement circuit. In one example, therapy circuit 62 and monitor circuit 64 are combined in a single device. Interface 60 serves as an interface between therapy circuit 62, monitor circuit 64 and processor 54. In one example, processor 54 is configured to receive a series of data units from a data source such as, for example, interface 60 (or therapy circuit 62 and monitor circuit 64), clock 56, memory 52 or other data source. The foregoing description of implantable device 50 is not exhaustive and other components or more components are also contemplated. For example, in one example, implantable device 50 includes multiple processors, one of which is illustrated in the figure and described herein as processor 54. Implantable device 50, in various example, is powered by a battery or other energy storage device.
In space 300, region 305 occupies a central portion of space 300 and represents read-out of low risk memory registers. Such registers are not particularly significant to patient health or privacy, and in one example, includes read-only memory. In one example, region 305 includes registers having content that corresponds to patient health information (PHI). Exemplary patient health information includes device identification, patient identification or information concerning the implantation of the device.
Region 310 permits read-out (without any programming) of other memory registers. For example, region 310 may include all remaining memory registers or a desired subset of all registers. Representative content found in region 310 includes data corresponding to operational parameters or other values which present an elevated risk if access is unrestricted. Region 310 includes region 305.
Region 315 includes commands and instructions that affect a display of data that may be presented on a device coupled to the communication network 65 of remote interrogation device 20B or user I/O 70 of programmer 20C. For instance, in one example, region 315 includes commands that can alter the scale with which data is displayed or depicted. In another example, region 315 includes a function used to select one of a plurality of filters with which data is processed before rendering. Region 315 includes region 310.
Region 320 includes commands and instructions that affect communications between the implantable device and an external device. For instance, in one example, region 320 includes commands that can change the protocol used for communication or that can alter an error checking algorithm. Region 320 includes region 315.
Region 325 includes commands and instructions to perform diagnostics. For instance, in one example, diagnostics include self-tests executed by any combination of the implantable device and the external device. For instance, an exemplary diagnostic routine includes determining the resistance, or integrity, of a lead coupled to the implantable device. In another example, the diagnostic routine evaluates the bandwidth or efficiency of communications with the external device. In one example, a diagnostic routine determines the amplitude of a signal received by the implantable device. In one example, executing a diagnostic routine entails programming or executing a temporary routine. Region 325 includes region 320.
Region 330 includes commands and instructions for performing programmer-like follow-up routines. For instance, an example of a programmer-like follow-up routine includes accessing a selected memory register as well as storing replacement values in selected registers. Region 330 includes region 325.
Region 335 includes commands and instructions to allow for routines executed at the time of device implantation or patient follow up. An exemplary routine performed at the time of implantation includes configuring the device with default values for selected parameters. The default configuration can be altered remotely by the assets of region 340. Region 335 includes region 330.
Region 340 includes commands and instructions to allow for remote installation of a software or firmware patch or upgrade. The patch can includes instructions for controlling a selected routine executed by the implantable device. For instance, one example of a firmware patch, includes a set of instructions that, when executed, provide improved battery monitoring functionality which enhances a physician's ability to estimate device performance. Other patches or software modules are also contemplated. Region 340 includes region 335.
As noted above, the device assets illustrated in space 300 are arranged in an order corresponding to patient risk. For example, the ability to read the contents of the selected memory registers tends toward the benign end of the spectrum whereas, the ability to perform a full implant or follow-up functions may pose a considerable risk for the patient. Other configurations are also contemplated, including more or fewer regions as well as different arrangement of regions.
Read/Write logical
Process that allows an external device to
instruct the implantable device to
return/write data from/to a logical
address space that maps to a constraint
set of physical address space.
Read/Write physical
Process that allows an external device to
instruct the implantable device to
return/write data from/to some physical
address space that is accessible by the
Read History
Process that allows an external device to
instruct the implantable device to return
the contents of a patient's therapy
Commanded Action
Process that allows an external device to
either initiate some action or change the
state of the implantable device.
Logical block that includes unique data
that identifies the implantable device,
such as its model number, serial number,
or timestamp that relates to when it was
Detection (event or
Logical block that includes multiple
parameters that can affect detection
Logical block that includes multiple
parameters that can enable implantable
device specific configurations for
partitioning episode memory storage,
enabling beeper on certain faults, etc.
Device History
Memory address space that includes the
patient's therapy history (episode data
and treatment).
Logical block that includes multiple
parameters that can affect the delivery of
Logical block that includes calibration
constants specific to an implantable
Patient Data
Logical block that includes individual
patient personal information.
Fault Conditions
Logical block that is reserved for
internal faults detected by the
implantable device.
Hardware Registers
Memory address space that provides the
interface from the firmware to the
RAM Code
Memory address space that includes the
device executable firmware code.
Table 1 enumerates selected assets of an exemplary implantable device. An asset can include a particular block of data, such as patient or device information, or a method, such as a process for delivering an inducing pulse to a heart. In one example, some processes or methods are configured to act on a limited set of data while other methods are more generic and can act on any data. In one example, a process such as a commanded shock, allows a user to directly apply therapy to the patient without accessing any data. Other assets are also contemplated.
Access Control
Tier 1
read only commands to selected memory in the PG
Tier 2
limited to commands that affect display or
communication actions
Tier 3
limited commands to run diagnostic tests
Tier 4
most commands supported by a PRM during a regular
patient follow-up; changing programmable parameters
Tier 5
all commands supported by the PRM during a regular
patient implant/follow-up; includes fibrillation
Tier 6
limited software uploads
Table 2 illustrates an example of session tier hierarchy wherein six tiers are depicted. Each tier is associated with an array of assets as illustrated in the table. As noted, when operating according to Tier 1, the level of access afforded includes executing read only commands to determine the contents of selected memory in the implantable device, herein referred to as a pulse generator (PG). At Tier 2, the implantable device will execute a limited set of commands, from a plurality of commands, which affect either the display on a programmer or a communication action. For example, a display scale of an electrocardiogram can be set using a Tier 2 access. In addition, under Tier 2, the implantable device can be configured to transmit data in a particular manner or processed through a particular filter function before transmitting the data. When operating according to Tier 3, a limited set of commands are available that can be used to execute diagnostic routines. For example, a test to generate a series of intrinsic measurements can be executed from Tier 3. As another example under Tier 3, a temporary operational parameter can be installed and evaluated. When operating according to Tier 4, an implantable device will respond to a larger subset of commands including those supported by an external programmer (PRM) during a regular patient follow-up visit. By way of example, under Tier 4 a remote follow-up visit can be performed using a remote interrogation device or a programmable parameter can be changed. While operating under Tier 4, one example precludes inducing fibrillation in a patient. When operating according to Tier 5, all commands supported by an external programmer, such as those executed during an implantation procedure, are available and device assets that not accessible to a regular physician are not available. For instance, under Tier 5, a physician cannot download software to the RAM module or have access to internal data collected by the device. Under Tier 5, for example, fibrillation can be induced since that would be allowable during a normal implant procedure. In Tier 6, a limited amount of software or firmware can be uploaded to the implantable device. For example, a firmware patch can be installed while operating under Tier 6. In one example, different security protocols are associated with each of the different tiers.
Larger or smaller numbers of tiers are also contemplated for alternative examples.
Session Based Remote Access Control Table
Access control for an example of the present subject matter can be depicted as shown at Table 3. The table is prepared from the perspective of the implantable device. The entries in the table are representative and can include other implantable device-remote interrogation device pair mechanisms such as for example, protocol or hardware based. For instance, an access card or a token can be used to identify a user and thus establish access credentials. The initiation requirements column refers to what mechanisms are used to initiate a communication session. In the column, wakeup AC refers to an access control that triggers the device to respond to a far field, or near field wake-up signal. In the security mechanism column, an example of a protocol-based integrity check includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code. In addition, a message digest code, as associated with a hash function can also be used to implement a protocol-based integrity check. The column marked role credentials provides the minimum credentials needed to operate at the particular tier. The credentials are enforced by a server coupled to the remote interrogation device or a programmer or the implantable device. Exemplary credentials include those of a technical support person, a researcher, a medical professional, a following physician and a manufacturer's representative. For example, a technician account can be established in a hospital which includes the credentials to read data from a particular implantable device. Thereafter, the technician can access the selected assets of the device remotely.
Remote Access
Tier 1
Wakeup AC
1. Read Access
1. Encryption of selected
1. Technical
confidential data
2. Protocol based integrity
2. Researcher
3. Medical
4. Following
Tier 2
Wakeup AC
1. Read Access
1. Encryption of selected
1. Technical
2. Update access to limited
confidential data
parameters that affect how
2. Protocol based integrity
2. Researcher
data from Tier 1 is displayed
3. Medical
(e.g. EGM scale)
3. Message Authentication
4. Following
Tier 3
Wakeup AC
1. Read Access
1. Encryption of selected
3. Medical
2. Update access to limited
confidential data
parameters that affect how
2. Protocol based integrity
4. Following
data from Tier 1 is displayed
(e.g. EGM scale)
3. Message Authentication
3. Run device diagnostics
Tier 4
Device placed
Programmer-like follow-up
PKI or similar technology
4. Following
over PG to convey
capabilities. Induction
that supports identification,
consent (e.g.
schemes prohibited
confidentiality, authentication,
Patient Activator)
integrity and non-repudiation
Tier 5
Programmer with
full implant/follow-up
1. Encryption of selected
a telemetry wand
confidential data
2. Protocol based integrity
3. Message Authentication
4. Remote access only with a
programmer and after wand is
waved over the patient
Tier 6
1. Programmer-like follow-up
1. PKI or similar technology
4. Following
placed over
capabilities. Induction schemes
that supports identification,
PG to convey
confidentiality, authentication,
along with
consent (e.g.
2. Limited FW patch upload and
integrity and non-repudiation
test capability. Only used for
2. Both manufacturer's
extreme cases when the risk to
representative and Following
have the issue is higher than
Physician roles must be signed
the risk of uploading a
into the system to approve
patch remotely and a specific
before action takes place.
patient cannot get to a clinic.
As noted in Table 3, those assets denoted as "read" allow access to a selected number of implantable device memory registers. In one example, certain constraints may be imposed to protect security mechanisms for higher session tiers.
In addition, the asset "update" indicates that there is a write action to the implantable device and therefore, potential regulatory implications apply to the classification of the hardware (for example, a remote interrogation device) that allows this level of access.
Table 3 indicates that more than one set of credentials are required to conduct a Tier 6 communication session. As noted in the example, a physician, such as an electro physiologist, and a manufacturer's representative are required to enter their credentials to allow access to the assets of Tier 6.
In one example, Tier 1 and Tier 2 are combined since both present little or no risk and the same user role can be allowed to perform these actions during the same session. By having Tier 1 separate from Tier 2, however, the security mechanisms can be differentiated with those associated with Tier 2 configured with more stringent requirements.
In the table, the role credentials are associated with increasing levels of access to the system based on their credentials. It is noted that the table illustrates but one example and other configurations or numbers of tiers, and associated assets, security mechanisms and role credentials are also contemplated.
In space 400, for example, an encryption or other security routine, such as that used with patient health information, is applied to communications involving corresponding device assets as depicted at region 405. Encryption may include a symmetrical or asymmetrical encryption algorithm or other routine to safeguard selected data, including, for example, patient health information.
In region 410, the security measure applied to communications involving corresponding assets include a communication protocol-based integrity mechanism. For example, a protocol-based integrity mechanism can include a cyclic redundancy code check, specific header encoding bits and other protocol based mechanisms.
At region 415, communications concerning the corresponding assets are secured using a message authentication routine or algorithm. The message authentication routine provides a mechanism to establish that the message originated from the sending party. The message authentication routine is able to detect if the message has been altered after it is transmitted. An example of a message authentication routine includes a presumptively one way algorithm that is used to generate a message digest at both the sending and receiving ends of the communication link. If the message has been altered, the message digest returned by the one way algorithm will reveal a detectable difference. Other message authentication routines are also contemplated. In one example, a cryptographic security algorithm is executed by the implantable device.
At 420, a public key encryption algorithm is applied for communications associated with higher risk assets. Public key infrastructure (PKI) or encryption, also referred to as asymmetrical encryption refers to a routine involving two keys, one of which is public and the other is private. A message encrypted with the public key can be deciphered using the private key.
Other security mechanisms may also be applied and arranged in a different order. As noted, the more robust security routines are applied to communications involving the higher risk assets and less robust routines are applied to communications involving low risk assets. Other configurations are also contemplated, including for example, a single security routine applied to communications involving all assets without regard for the level of risk. In one example, the security mechanism provides identification, confidentiality, authentication and non-repudiation protection.
Method Examples
A flowchart of a method executed by an exemplary system is illustrated in
At 505, a communication session is established between an external device and an implantable device. The external device may include a programmer or a remote interrogation device in communication with a remote server. The implantable device, in various examples, includes a cardioverter, a pacemaker, a defibrillator, a cardiac monitor, or other such device. The communication session can be established, or initiated, by using a far field telemetry link or a near field telemetry link.
At 510, an initial level of access is established. The level of access prescribes the particular assets that are available during the session. In one example, the available assets depend on how the communication session is initiated. For example, if a near field telemetry link, such as an inductive loop antenna, is used to initiate the communication session, then it is reasonable to presume that the external device includes a local programmer, rather than a remote interrogation device. This triggers the ability to access higher level assets. In one example, if the communication session is initiated using a far field telemetry system, other mechanisms are employed to establish the level of access available in the communication session. In one example, the external device prompts an operator to enter an access code that denotes the level of access available to that operator. A technician, for example, may enjoy lower level access than that of a following physician. The user entered access code can be provided by a user using a keyboard, a mouse, a cursor control, a storage device or other mechanism. In one example, the user entered access code determines the communication mode and thus, the implantable device assets that are accessible to that user.
Following initiation of the communication session and establishment of an access level, the illustrated example provides that selected device data is read at 515. As noted, all access levels enjoy access to a selected set of memory registers but access to higher level assets is restricted based on the access level established in an earlier routine.
In the illustrated example, at 520, a temporary mode is established to allow for trial application of a new parameter or programming. In one example, the temporary mode is initiated by sending a particular code to the implantable device.
At 525, the implantable device monitors and evaluates the communication link to determine if an interruption has occurred. If the communication link has been interrupted, for example, by noise or by a weak signal, then the method proceeds to 530 where any earlier changes in programming, parameters or memory contents are restored and the device reverts to an earlier mode of operation. In one example, a safeguard protects against interruptions by using a temporary program mode where changes are automatically reversed and the device is returned to a previous configuration. The previous configuration may include the most recent or permanent state or a default state. In addition, the implantable device executes a self-termination routine, at 535, to clean up any incomplete processing and resume normal operation. In one embodiment, the inquiry at 525 is performed at all stages of the method however, for sake of clarity, it is shown in the single location noted in
Assuming that the communication link remains viable and has not been interrupted, then at 540, a trial operation is commenced. In one example, this includes receiving replacement data, such as a parameter or programming instruction and executing a routine that accesses the replacement data. The replacement data at 540 is applied on a temporary basis.
At 545, other data, such as that derived from the implantable device or other sensor, is read. At 550, a query is presented to determine if the patient or device is performing satisfactorily. A variety of evaluation measures may be considered in determining if the trial operation is an improvement over the prior configuration. If the trial operation is satisfactory, then processing proceeds, via label A, to a corresponding portion of routine 500B illustrated in
With satisfactory trial operation, then at 555, the implantable device monitors for manual affirmation or acknowledgement of the trial configuration. In one example, this includes monitoring for activation of a button corresponding to acceptance of the trial configuration. The button, or switch, may be activated by a patient or by a patient advocate that is present during the communication session. Activation of the switch denotes acknowledgement or approval of the new settings. In effect, two actions are required to invoke a change in a device setting: first the change is requested; and second, a manual affirmation is required to apply the change.
If manual affirmation is detected, processing continues to 595 where a query is presented to determine if the communication session is to continue. If manual affirmation is not detected, then, after waiting period 565, a query is presented to determine if a predetermined time-out value has been met at 570. If the time-out value has not been met, then the process loops to 560 where the affirmation query is again presented. If the time-out value has been met, then the implantable device reverts, at 575, to a previous configuration and the trial configuration is no longer executed. In addition, at 580, if the communication channel has been disabled, then at 585, the implantable device executes the self-termination routine. If, on the other hand, the communication channel remains active, then processing proceeds to the query at 595 to determine if the communication session is to continue.
Following the query at 595, a negative answer will cause processing to continue to 600 where the communication session is terminated in a coordinated manner by executing a predetermined routine of handshaking. In addition, at 605, a trial configuration, which was previously executed on a temporary basis, is shifted into a permanent register. The implantable device continues to operate on the basis of the permanent configuration until further changes are made. The method and the communication session are terminated at 610.
Prior to executing the method of
In one example, an array of security mechanisms are associated with the multiple tiers associated with the device assets. The array of security mechanisms may include a single mechanism or multiple mechanisms arranged with increasing level of security with increasing level of risk posed to the patient. The security mechanisms are applied in proportion to the session class being requested.
In one example, a remote interrogation device initiates a session at a Tier 1 level with a particular implantable device. This allows for wake-ups and synchronization. The implantable device acknowledges Tier 1 access as read-only access to selected memory registers. The implantable device allows access on a message-to-message basis if the messages from the remote interrogation device satisfy all the integrity checks and also meets the wake-up access code recorded in the implantable device at the time of manufacturing. In one example a predetermined message from the remote interrogation device, when received by the implantable device, allows the remote interrogation device to request a higher level of access.
Other Examples
In one example the communication session is initiated using a wand having an inductive coupling. In one example, a security mechanism or access control mechanism is combined with the wand initiated session. For instance, one example provides that the implantable device discriminate between a programmer and a remote interrogation device. The procedure followed to initiate the session can be used to discriminate between devices, namely, a wanded session initiation is associated with a programmer and a remote interrogation device session is initiated by other means.
In one example, access to the implantable device asset (which can include information or actions) can be controlled in a remote environment based on a session tier approach. The device assets are categorized based on a risk assessment. Any operations available on the implantable device for each asset or group of assets is identified. An exemplary list of session tiers with increasing access control requirements and security technology requirements is as follows:
Tier 1: read-only to most implantable device memory registers
Tier 2: Tier 1 plus adjust display on an external device
Tier 3: Tier 2 plus program diagnostic parameters
Tier 4: Tier 3 plus program therapy parameters
Tier 5: Tier 4 plus full remote programmer capabilities
Tier 6: Tier 5 plus read/write access to any device assets and includes non-restrictive access to any assets in the implantable device.
In one example, remote programming at or above a particular tier includes a safety mechanism by which interruption of remote communication reverts the device to a previous state. For instance, in one example, a revert mechanism is applied for communications conducted at or above Tier 3.
In one example, medical data and identification information is treated differently within the implantable device. For instance, in one example, patient health information is encrypted and identification information remains in plaintext.
In one example, the implantable device does not include an encryption or decryption module and it is the external device that encrypts and decrypts the data. As such, the external device encodes and decodes the data and transfers it to the implantable device for storage in a memory register.
In one example, two tiers are established in an implantable device. For instance, one example provides that a first set of assets (such as reading selected memory registers) are remotely readable using a remote interrogation device and a server and a second set of assets (such as performing patient follow-up routines) are available using a programmer with a wand. In one example, the implantable device includes a plurality of antennas for receiving and transmitting.
In one example, a session is initiated using an inductive link. In one example, a far field signal, such as a radio frequency signal, is used to initiate a communication session. For example, the implantable device ordinarily performs a wake-up routine on a periodic basis, such as once per minute. If, during the wake-up routine, the implantable device detects and recognizes a particular protocol, then the implantable device suspends the wake-up duty cycle routine and remains alert for further communication. If further communications are received, then the implantable device enters a Tier 1 communication session. Thereafter, the implantable device allows access to those assets classified as accessible while operating under Tier 1.
In one example, if the implantable device detects and recognizes the presence of an inductive wand, then following a handshaking routine, the implantable device wakes up and enters a Tier 5 communication session. All assets available under Tier 5 are then accessible for the duration of the session or until the session tier is changed.
In one example, the particular communication session tier is based on the manner of initiating the session. The manner of initiating the session is interpreted by the implantable device as a tier selection signal. In one example, the particular communication session tier is based on a message or signal that is telemetered to the implantable device by the external device. For example, the message can include a key or other predetermined code. In one example, the message includes a challenge and trust is established upon providing the correct response. The correct response, in one example, includes a synchronized token identification code that periodically changes values. The token identification code can be blended with a password to generate a unique result that can be calculated by the remote interrogation device.
In one example, the external device requests data from the implantable device and the implantable device serves as a gatekeeper. As a gatekeeper, the implantable device determines what data is to be transmitted, in response to the request, and as a function of the session tier.
In one example, a mechanism is provided to transition from one tier to another tier in a hierarchy. For instance, in one example, a code word or other data exchange sequence will trigger an increase or decrease in the access level. In one example, a transition in sessions is conducted by terminating one session and initiating a second session. In various examples, the request to transition is sent in encrypted or plaintext. Upon receiving a request to transition to an increased level of access, the implantable device executes a routine to check authorization of the credentials before the change is made. In one example, the access levels are cumulative in that higher levels include the rights to access assets of lower levels.
In one example, a person can establish a communication session at a level below that of their credentials. For example, a following physician may opt to initiate, or request transition to, a Tier 1 communication session and yet the physician is authorized to conduct a Tier 6 communication session.
In one example, the duration of a temporary or trial configuration is selectable. For instance, in one example, a physician may opt to engage a trial configuration for a period of seconds or for a period of days to allow a full evaluation before engaging the configuration permanently. After the trial period has expired the implantable device automatically reverts to a previous configuration.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described embodiments, or any portion thereof, may be used in combination with each other. In the appended claims, the phrase "any combination" includes a single element as well as multiple elements. Furthermore, the transitional terms comprising and including are used in the open ended sense in that elements in addition to those enumerated may also be present. Other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing this document.
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|Secure remote access for an implantable medical device
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|Jan 28, 2014
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
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|Apr 22, 2014
|Cardiac Pacemakers
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|Neuropace, Inc.
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|Greatbatch Ltd.
|System and method for using clinician programmer and clinician programming data for inventory and manufacturing prediction and control
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|U.S. Classification
|607/60, 607/31
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 23, 2004
Owner name: CARDIAC PACEMAKERS, INC., MINNESOTA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:QUILES, SYLVIA;REEL/FRAME:015407/0339
Effective date: 20041028
|Jul 16, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
3 posters
3 groups
Bryant spends most of his time taking care of his daughter, and working as an exec at an ad agency. But when he comes across the online profile for a woman in Los Angeles, he becomes intrigued. She's beautiful, fun, quirky, and successful. They strike up a long-distance relationship traveling back and forth for several months before Bryant decides that she is the perfect woman for him. He proposes, she moves across the country, and within two more months, the couple is married. But this union is a far cry from newlywed bliss.
© 2004 - 2015 The Internet Movie Poster Database | This page was executed in 2.45234 sec.


text:
Top Definition
Slang term for an obsolete, worn-down machine or hardware device. Derived from the misspelling of the word "Jalapa", which is the name of some town in Mexico that is famous for the Jalapeno pepper, and its former junk-car-scrapping industry.
In the ghettos and the trailer parks, you will even find some people living in jalopies.
AYB tarafından 28 Ağustos 2003, Perşembe
Photos & Videos
A shitty car
"I can pull James Bond stunts in a jalopy."
watson tarafından 20 Kasım 2002, Çarşamba
an old beat-up piece-of-shit car/truck
Mike Germanaro looked at himself as the King of the Road! But the truth was that he was fooled into buying the old busted-ass red piece-of-shit jalopy.
PAforIdiots tarafından 6 Haziran 2010, Pazar
an old worn out car
That jalopy ain't worth selling because nobodyelse would be caught dead with it.
The Return of Light Joker tarafından 10 Ocak 2010, Pazar
Big ole fat ass saggy, worn out, feed bag titties
Dang yo, that bitch look like she done fed the whole projects wit dem jalopies
ryder69 tarafından 13 Haziran 2013, Perşembe
Slang for a car, usually old cars, somewhat of the ford model T Design. Some cars that can be seen as "classic" today can be considered a jalopy, but mostly anything before "classic" like a old old classic.
There goes old man Jenkins in his jalopy.
John Penix tarafından 19 Aralık 2003, Cuma
A term for an old (over 60) woman's vagina.
"Would you like some jalopy joes? I made it extra sloppy for ya!"
"She was a cougar, her jalopy has been all over the place"
"That roast beef sandwich was as greasy as your grandma's jalopy"
"She was a cougar, her jalopy has been all over the place"
"That roast beef sandwich was as greasy as your grandma's jalopy"
adr06e tarafından 31 Ekim 2008, Cuma


text:
Author: Hartmann Schedel (German, 1440–1514)
Illustrators: Michael Wolgemut (German, 1434/37–1519) and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff (German, ca. 1460–1494)
Nuremberg: Anton Koberger, 1493
Printed book with woodcut illustrations
Bound volume: 17 3/4 x 12 3/4 in. (45.2 x 32.5 cm)
George Khuner Collection, Gift of Mrs. George Khuner, 1981 (1981.1178.29)
Folio 9v and 10r
One of the most famous early illustrated books, this ambitious text chronicles the history of the world, from the Creation to 1493, with a final section devoted to the anticipated Last Days of the World. It was illustrated with more than 1,000 woodcuts designed by the talented German artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, with the assistance of their studio apprentices, among whom was the young Albrecht Dürer.
Here, with Folio 9v and 10r, we see the tree of Adam, one of the numerous genealogical trees that ornament the book. In many cases, the same woodblocks are used for the lively little figures and only the names beneath them are changed. Within circles formed by the curling branches of the tree, episodes from the lives of Adam's sons are narrated. In one illustration, Cain makes his offering of grain to God, while Abel offers meat in another. In a third scene, Cain murders his brother out of jealousy, because God had preferred the meat offering.


text:
|Sleeping Capacity
|2 – 5
|Exterior Length
|31' 3"
|Exterior Width
|8' 5.5"
|Exterior Height w/AC
|9' 9.5"
During the 1956 Airstream Caravan through Europe, Wally Byam designed a dream trailer for his wife, Stella. It was built in spring 1957, ready for the All-American Caravan through the United States, which visited the Kentucky Derby and Indianapolis 500. The Airstream's floorplan was constructed to Stella's specifications, with expansive living and storage space for the married couple. it was custom-made, and built to stand out. Using gold anodized aluminum, it was regarded as a precious crown jewel, immediately recognizable.
After traveling through the Nubian Desert, the African Caravan reached the final leg of our journey. We loaded our Airstreams and tow vehicles onto a barge for transportation across the water. As we floated down the Nile, a rare opportunity presented itself. As we reached the temples at Abu Simbel, we stopped and went ashore to visit the marvelous antiquities.
As Wally Byam looks on, the Golden Airstream #1 is being towed through the Southern Ethiopian quagmire, pushed by Caravanners and Ethiopian Imperial guards. His International Harvester truck had broken an axle, so was being towed separately.
Just east of Victoria Falls is a marvelous feat of engineering, spanning a length greater than two football fields. As the African Caravan crossed a great bridge over the Zambesi River Gorge, we crossed one of the continent's longest rivers, winding and flowing through the continent. The river also serves also as the border between the countries today called Zambia and Zimbabwe. Great beauty, both natural and manmade, abounds as you travel through the area.


text:
Requirements & Courses
The Global Governance and Human Security PhD program requirements include:
- 68 credits
- Two (2) qualifying exams (core subjects, area of concentration)
- Second language research competency
Credit Requirements: 68 credits total
For course descriptions please click on the course
|6 Core Courses (3 credits each - 18 credits total)
|ConRes 623: Introductory Theory
|3 credits
|PAF G 638L Global Governance
|3 credits
|PAF G 631: Theories and Concepts of International Relations
|3 credits
|PAF G/ConRes 640L - International Organizations and the Environment
|3 credits
|GGHS 710 Human Security
|3 credits
|GGHS 712 Gender and Human Security
|3 credits
|2 Research Methods courses (3 credits each)
|6 credits
|4 courses from one of the following tracks: [3 credits each]
Conflict Resolution
|12 credits
|Four (4) Elective courses [3 credits each]
May be drawn from any concentration or methods course
|12 credits
|Two (2) semesters of Colloquium attendance (2 credits each)
|4 credits
|Participation in two (2) sequential faculty Research Groups
|6 credits
|Dissertation, including successful oral defense
|10 credits
68 credits
The normal progress expectation for students will be to complete core courses by the end of the first year, complete all courses in their concentration and their qualifying exams by the end of the second year, and to complete all requirements for the degree within five years, although many students will be encouraged to complete their work in four years.
Cohorts and advising
Students enter in the fall and are expected to complete their course work over a period of five or six consecutive semesters. Each new cohort is assigned a cohort faculty advisor and every entering student will be assigned an individual faculty advisor who will normally remain his or her advisor until he or she chooses a primary advisor for his or her dissertation.


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jGuru Forums
Posted By:
Posted On:
Monday, April 29, 2002 03:35 PM
Does anybody know what it takes to get an internationalized applets application show Japanese characters on a HP-UX browser:
a) What version of Netscape should I have at the least?
b) Do I need any plug-ins? Also, the HP site mentions a whole lot of patches and SDK (??) as a must. I really need a JRE, don't I??
c) Do I need any language pack
Please let me know on this if you have any info. I am new to HP-UX and as such, I am having problems


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William Rodgers Wood
Position: DB
Height: 5-11 Weight: 190 lbs.
Born: April 17, 1939 in Allentown, PA
College: West Virginia Wesleyan (school history)
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 1 (12778th overall since 1950)
Promote your website or business by sponsoring this page for $5 on Pro-Football-Reference.com. Your message will replace this ad.


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OpenDNS — is blocking the Flashback Trojan:
http://blog.opendns.com/2012/04/09/worried-about-mac-malware-just-set-up-opendns /
So easy to setup OpenDNS.
Use OpenDNS for better speed, more security, includes anti phishing filters, no more browser redirects, blocks the Flashback Trojan, and it's free.
Open System Preferences / Preferences then select the Network tab. Click the Advanced tab then click the DNS tab.
Click +
Enter these addresses exactly as you see them here.
Click +
Then click OK.
More about OpenDNS here.
Topic : Manually provided DNS server addresses are higher priority than DHCP's


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The Saugerties High School Third Annual Star Party was held on October 27, 2014. There was a great turnout, with somewhere between 100 and 120 people showing up! The Science club "Science Alliance" was able to raise $150 in funds to put towards a possible field trip later this year to a planetarium.
Among those who attended were three members of the Mid-Hudson Astronomical Association including Ken Bailey (treasurer), Willie Yee (President) and Joe Macagne (Vice-President). These great astronomers were able to inspire in many students a greater passion for the stars!
Attendees were able to see the moon, of course, and Mars, Neptune, Albireo (the double star with one gold and one blue, also known as the Cub Scout Star), the Ring Nebula (aka M-57), Uranus, the Double Cluster in perseus, the Milky Way band, Altair and Deneb which form the Summer Triangle with Vega. Constellations that were located were Lyra, Cygnus, Aquila, Pegasus, the Big and Little Dippers which are in Ursa Major and Minor, Cetus, Pisces, Andromeda and Cassiopeia.
Recently, Cahill students made Rainbow Loom bracelets for the children at Albany Children's Hospital! It was like a little valentine from all of us here at Cahill! We're sure these put smiles on their faces! We would like to thank all of the students that contributed to our bracelet drive. This was a huge success!
Student Council also held a school wide Valentines for Vets Drive again this year! The students colored and wrote thoughtful valentines to the vets who are hospitalized in the VA Hospital in Albany, NY! Some of the cute messages were: "Thank you for protecting us.", "Thank you for serving our country.", "Hope you feel better.", and many more! We would also like to thank all of the students who contributed to this event. This was also a huge success!
We hope we will do both of these events again next year!
By Cora Currey (President) and Sofia Williams (Secretary)
The Fields Sculpture Park at Art Omi in Ghent is a not for profit public exhibition space featuring over 80 contemporary sculptures. Open year-round, the park provides thousands of visitors the opportunity to experience the impact of important international contemporary sculpture in a striking natural setting. For Free!
Ms. Mooney's students were taken on a tour of several sculptures and participated in a group activity where they were asked to create a large sculpture as group. Many students were impressed with the diversity and varying styles of sculpture. They had no idea there was such a great resource so close to home.
"I found the park inspirational, the staff welcoming and thorough in their presentations" says senior Korinna Ranyak. It was such a good trip I am glad I went.
"The landscape with its sculptures were so beautiful, I plan on going back." says senior Olivia Bronson
Since its founding, Omi has been guided by the principle that artistic expression transcends economic, political, and cultural boundaries.


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Today's Featured Artist: Michael Godard
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Lolita Bronzini
Painting - Oil On Linen
July 14th, 2010
Viewed 4,287 Times - Last Visitor from Beverly Hills, CA on 11/28/2015 at 4:08 AM
Sales Sheet
More from Lolita Bronzini
Marian Voicu 6 Days Ago
Bucharest - Romania
Fantastic painting!! L/F
Brooklyn, NY - United States
beautiful and unique artwork...L/V
East Tilbury, Es - United Kingdom
Congratulations on your sale...well done!
Sarasota, FL - United States
Love your work!
Kish, h - Iran
These are all beautiful, Lolita!
Herdwangen-Sch�nach, Ge - Germany
Amazing artwork!!
Everett, WA - United States
Fort Myers, FL - United States
Such fun! Congrats on your sale. Magnificent!
Tucumcari, NM - United States
Cool! Love the colors and textures....congratulations!
Shore Area, NJ - United States
Great work! Congratulations on your sale.
Nashville, Tn - United States
Congrats on your sale!
Southampton, Ha - United Kingdom
Cute! Congrats on your sale!
Nagpur, Ma - India
Congratulation on sale.
Catawba, OH - United States
Congratulations! Beautiful creativity! Love B:)
Phoenixville, PA - United States
Congrats on your sale!!!
Denver, CO - United States
This is marvelous fantasy
Christchurch, E9 - New Zealand
Lolita.Congrats on your great art sale this is amazing work ,v/f
Brooklyn, NY - United States
Thank you for the comments and nice words
Valley Springs, CA - United States
Nice art, congrats. Joni
London - United Kingdom
Charming! Congratulations on your sale.
Palm Desert, CA - United States
Nice work! Congratulations on your sale!
Seattle, WA - United States
This is SOOOOO cool!! Congrats on your sale, Lolita!! f/v/fb
Oslo, Os - Norway
Congratulations on your Art sale, Lolita!
London - United Kingdom
Congratulations on your art sale!
New Delhi, De - India
Beautiful artwork..... love it :)
Brooklyn, NY - United States
Thank you for the wonderful comments
Dublin - Ireland
love this
Chicago, Il - United States
Absolutely fantastic!!! I love this
Schaumburg, IL - United States
Very inspiring and uplifting. Congrats on your sale. Please visit my gallery as well.
Milton Keynes - United Kingdom
brilliant.. I love it
Union, NJ - United States
Nicely done - congrats on your sale
Bayside, NY - United States
I really like this one, very unique.
Tampa, FL - United States
Colorado Springs, CO - United States
Wonderful, congrats!
St. Johns, NL - Canada
Congratulations on your sale!
LONG BEACH, CA - United States
Oklahoma City, OK - United States
Well done! Congratulations!
Walnut Grove, CA - United States
Enchanting Lolita. I Love the clothing.
Budapest, H - Hungary
Congrats on your sale....................Odon.
Zagreb - Croatia
Awesome in nay way! Love it! f/v
London, H9 - United Kingdom
Really funny , congrats on sale .
Warner Robins, GA - United States
This is brilliant and elegant! I love the curvature of the creature's snout along side of the bicycle's wheel and the big innocent eyes. The texture and coloring is awesome. I will buy this once I ever get pregnant.. It is suitable for a girl or boy bedroom. It is mysterious and mythical...
Daytona Beach, FL - United States
Awesome work!!
Rawdon, QC - Canada
awww cool and superb! Lolita :))
Granite City, IL - United States
Nice, your birds are so great
Brookeville, MD - United States
LOVE it!!!! Wonderful, wonderful, wonderful ... whimsical and and filled with fun!!!!!!!! Excellent!!!! Happy congratulations on your sale!!!!
Fort Myers, FL - United States
Clever, cute, original, and well done! Congratulations on your sale!
Ankara, Er - Turkey
Very nice work....!
Melbourne, Vi - Australia
So cute !! congrats on your sale !
Newport News, VA - United States
What a cute thing!
Please Wait...
Beverly Hills, CA (United States)
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Your Star Trek Online Screenshots!
View Single Post
March 3 2010, 10:54 AM
Timelord Victorious
Rear Admiral
Location: Germany, Earth, the Solar System
Re: Your Star Trek Online Screenshots!
My first sight of Gamma Orionis and what was left of the first Borg cube I had to take on solo. It took down my shields in no time, but hadn't anything with a punch to get through an assault cruisers hull plating.
Spoiler me one more time! I dare ya! I double dare ya!
Timelord Victorious
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- Filed Under
At the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918, the "great war to end all wars" was finally over. Within a generation - in 1939 - another "great war" burst onto the world; it was going to make a lasting peace.
The horrors of nuclear war were too great to comprehend.
A new world order was established with the United Nations to prevent future wars. ...


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Middle School University is an educational enrichment program that provides alternative and advanced learning experiences!
Classes will be offered June 15-19 and June 22-26, including:
- Music & Technology: Funky Beats
- Drawing in Pen and Ink
- Cheer Choreography Clinic
- Adventures in Geocaching
- Knit 1, Purl 2: A Lifelong Skill and Art
- Biological Anthropology
- The Watercolors
See our Summer 2015 Youth Program catalog for furtherinformation, registration and scholarship information.
Scholarships have been generously provided by local foundations, businesses and individuals. The guidelines for free and reduced school lunches are used as a basis for determining eligibility. However, extenuating circumstances such as large medical bills and job layoffs are also considered. Please see Youth Program catalog for details.


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Pacific Rim - Grading and Discussion
View Single Post
July 13 2013, 01:27 AM
Phily B
Location: United Kingdom
Re: Pacific Rim - Grading and Discussion
Tulin wrote:
My partner loved that too and grabbed my arm and just started saying, "VOLTRON! That's like VOLTRON!!!"
I know nothing about Japanimation(never cared for it)and don't know a kaiju from a kaj-a-goo-goo and he told me there were lots of little subtle homages to the genre.
One thing we were wondering was, does the shoe motif mean anything in Japanimation? There were two characters who took a shoe and the camera seemed to really focus on it. Is there any symbolism in Japanese culture?
I have seen Evangelion and I did get the impression a lot of the movie was influenced by it.
Phily B
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Motor Accessories Direct Sells top quality products like Retro Child Seating, Hayman towbars, RoofRacks, Rola RoofRacks, Kingsley Van Windows and many more. Motor Accessories Direct sells you the right accessories at the right cost. They have been in this industry since the last 23 years. Throughout this period, Motor Accessories Direct have supplied as well as fitted various items like side steps, bullbars, towbars etc. for their customers. The main aim of Motor Accessories Direct is to make your car usable for various purposes. No matter whether you use your car for going on a camping journey or for towing a caravan or boat, Motor Accessories Direct makes sure that the customers get the right accessory according to their needs and choice.
Apart from making the car usable for various purposes, Motor Accessories Direct also supplies several items like alloy trays, tool box, nudge bars, trade racks for the tradesman. If you are living abroad and are good with handling tools, Motor Accessories Direct can ship their products to you, no matter where you live. They also provide an online service for the purpose of saving both time and money of the consumer. Motor Accessories Direct supplies both trade as well as retail accessories. They give utmost importance to their customers.
Motor Accessories Direct at http://motoraccessoriesdirect.com.au/
# # #
Love to travel and enjoy life. Have been a traveler all my life, skiing in the rough terrains and surfing in the sharpest of waters. The love of my life is adventure and here I find myself writing about all of it for the world to know and for me to share


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Smoking Popes have been making gentle, sweet, punk-influenced pop since the early 1990s. Composed at the core of brothers Matt, Josh and Eli Caterer, Smoking Popes momentarily broke up in 1999 when Josh formed Christian-rock band Duvall, but they reunited in 2005 and have since been playing through the Popes' old catalog at a string of shows in their hometown of Chicago.
Now, they're finally ready to hit the pavement and take their old favorites and new album, This Is Only a Test, on the road. And they won't be skipping Kansas City this time around -- they're bringing their Blink 182-meets-Sinatra sound to the Riot Room in Westport this Saturday.
With the reunion of the brothers Caterer and the addition of new drummer, Neil Hennessy, the Popes had to figure out how to craft a new sound that evoked early Popes-era punk but incorporated the band's new direction. The result is a concept album that focuses on teen love and life through the eyes of a high school boy. It may sound cheesy, but the Popes manage to present the story from a safe distance, focusing the lyrics on the bigger picture of life and love (and even suicide) and keeping the music tight and driven.
Catch the Smoking Popes with Action Figure and Brainbow this Saturday, April 2, at the Riot Room. The show starts at 9 p.m. and costs $10-$12. You can find more ticket information here.


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This post is hidden due to user account is no longer active or improper post content.
got stuck in the pouring rain today for about 15-20 minutes and soaked all of my clothes. so my APC's, worn for about 7 months, got soaked along with them. should i just wash them now or should i let them dry and wear them out more?
why would you wash them after a soak retard
continue with ur cycle


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February 15, 2010
Jamie Oakes
West Palm Beach (Fla.) Dwyer defensive tackle Mike Fleurizard was offered by the Thundering Herd last August. Although he received a written offer from Marshall, not much contact ever came from the Mark Snyder-led coaching staff. The 6-foot-1, 285-pound defender was hoping to get his recruiting squared away before December so that he could graduate early and enroll at his school on choice in January. Ultimately, he decided to push back his graduation to the spring to see what offers would come. Fleurizard is happy he waited. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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Previous Episode | Next Episode
Beast In ShowBeast In Show (2005) Episode 2-1- Creature Comforts Cartoon Episode Guide by Dave Koch
This page has been viewed 21 times this month, and 396 times total.
- Creature Comforts Cartoon Episode GuideEpisode GuideTelevisionSeriesCartoon
- Aardman Animations
- Voice Actors: The Great British Public.
- Directed By Richard Goleszowski, Nick Park.
- Produced By Julie Lockhart.
- First Aired on October 30, 2005.
- Originally Aired on ITV (UK).
- Running Time: 10 minutes.
- Color
- United Kingdom
Cartoon Summary:
A rabbit reveals his never-ending quest for breeding perfection, a Shetland pony shows a tidy set of hooves to impress his girlfriends, a competitive pig thinks that good losers are losers, and a chicken casts aspersions on the quality of the duck eggs. All bets... (more)
Cartoon Production Information:
This hilarious series puts the voices of ordinary people into the mouths of the largest cross-section of Plasticine animals ever seen on the small screen. Creature Comforts provides a unique documentary-style insight into the lives of the wild... (more)
Cartoon Video:
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Do you love Beast In Show, or do you think it is the worst cartoon ever? Let us know what you think! Surely you have an opinion... so share what you think. Take a minute and post your own comments about this cartoon here.