text:
Patent application title: Electrically Conductive Ptfe Tape
Jiaxiang Ren (Houston, TX, US)
Jiaxiang Ren (Houston, TX, US)
Bernd Schulte-Ladbeck (Houston, TX, US)
IPC8 Class: AH01B124FI
USPC Class:
Class name: Stock material or miscellaneous articles composite (nonstructural laminate) of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Publication date: 2008-10-23
Patent application number: 20080261051
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The present invention is directed to a fluoropolymer tape having an
electrically conductive surface. More specifically, the present invention
is directed to a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape and method for
producing an electrically conductive tape by blending vapor-grown carbon
fiber or carbon nanotubes or combinations of both with PTFE.
1. A fluoropolymer tape having an electrically conductive surface.
2. A PTFE tape having an electrically conductive surface.
3. A PTFE tape according to claim 2 wherein said electrically conductive surface is on both sides of said tape.
4. A PTFE tape according to claim 2 wherein one side of said tape is more electrically conductive than the other side of said tape.
5. A method for producing an electrically conductive PTFE tape comprising:blending a dispersible carbon with PTFE resin to form a perform; andextruding said perform to form a tape.
6. A method according to claim 5 wherein said dispersible carbon is vapor-grown carbon fiber.
7. A method according to claim 5 wherein said dispersible carbon is a carbon nanotube.
8. A method according to claim 5 wherein said dispersible carbon is mixtures of carbon including vapor-grown carbon fiber and a carbon nanotube.
9. A method for producing a dispersible carbon from a bundled carbon comprisingplacing said bundled carbon and an isoparaffinic solvent in a water bath sonicator, and subjecting said mixture of bundled carbon and isoparaffinic solvent to ultrasonic frequencies for a period of time.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein said bundled carbon is nanotube.
[0001]This application is related to provisional application 60/566,632 entitled "Conductive PTFE tape by blending single-wall nanotube" filed Apr. 29, 2004 and provisional application 60/566,633 entitled "Conductive PTFE tape by blending vapor-grown carbon fiber or multi-wall carbon nanotube" filed Apr. 29, 2004.
[0002]The present invention is directed to producing an electrically conductive polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape.
[0003]U.S. Pat. No. 6,384,128 discloses a composition of various thermoplastic resins blended with an electrically conductive fiber and carbon powders in single or double-screw extruders that melt, knead and extrude the mixtures.
[0004]U.S. Pat. No. 6,528,572 discloses conductive fillers such as carbon fibers or carbon black with antistatic agents in a wide variety of thermoplastic resins.
[0005]U.S. Pat. No. 6,689,835 discloses a conductive, polymeric composition comprising a polymeric resin and an electrically conductive filler system comprising small carbon fibers and either carbon powder or fibrous non-conductive filler or a combination of both.
[0006]Patent Application Publication U.S. 2003/0068550 discloses an electrode composed of a carbon material/electro-conductive polymer composite is coated with an electro-conductive polymer.
[0007]Patent Application Publication U.S. 2003/0158323 discloses methods to effectively disperse single wall carbon nanotubes and multi wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into polymers.
[0008]Patent Application Publication U.S. 2003/0181568 discloses compositions similar to U.S. Pat. No. 6,689,835.
[0009]Patent Application Publication U.S. 2004/0028859 discloses an electrically conductive and/or electromagnetic radiation absorptive coating composition having a water emulsion polymer binder.
[0010]Patent Application Publication U.S. 2004/0029706 discloses a ceramic nano-composite comprising a ceramic host and a nano-structured carbon material.
[0011]Patent Application Publication U.S. 2004/0077771 discloses compositions similar to U.S. Pat. No. 6,384,128.
[0012]Patent Application Publication U.S. 2004/0262581 discloses methods for manufacturing compositions comprising polymeric resins, carbon nanotubes and an optional plasticizer.
[0013]Patent Application Publication US. 2005/0038225 discloses compositions comprising organic polymers and a single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) composition that are manufactured by adding the SWNTs to the polymer precursors either prior to or during the process of polymerization of the polymer precursor.
[0014]The present invention is directed to a fluoropolymer tape having an electrically conductive surface. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape and method for producing an electrically conductive tape by blending vapor-grown carbon fiber or carbon nanotubes or combinations of both with PTFE.
[0015]FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a typical paste extrusion process for producing PTFE tape;
[0016]FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing for producing a PTFE preform for use in a paste extrusion process; and
[0017]FIG. 3 is a modification to the device for producing a PTFE perform for use in a paste extrusion process.
[0018]The preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to an electrically conductive polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape and the method by which to produce the same. PTFE is one of a unique niche of fluoropolymers, including perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA); ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE); poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE); fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP); poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF); amorphous fluoropolymer (AF); and ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) that may be used to produce an electrically conductive tape. PTFE as a polymer forms an extremely inert tape. The carbon-fluorine bond with a dissociation energy of 460 kj/mol is one of the strongest bonds known in organic chemistry, and can be dissolved only under extreme conditions (e.g. heat exceeding 1000° F.). This inert property of PTFE has made it a polymer of choice in handling strong acids such as in battery construction, fuel cells and the like. A PTFE tape, as defined herein, is a sheet having two surfaces and having a thickness of about 0.001 to about 0.100 inches.
[0019]The preferred method for producing an electrically conductive fluoropolymer tape is by paste extrusion; however, tapes may be made by film casting. In both processes, the carbon must be dispersed with the fluoropolymer, preferably PTFE. In attempting to use carbon black to produce an electrically conductive tape, it was found that by adding about 20% carbon black to PTFE, which is necessary to achieve realistic conductivity, the viscosity of the mixture is too high to produce tape by normal paste extrusion methodology. Furthermore, the physical properties (e.g. tensile strength and elongation) of the PTFE tape are significantly diminished.
[0020]PTFE resin is commercially produced as a coagulated dispersion polymer (a fine uniform powder), the preferred resin for use in the present invention, or a granular powder.
[0021]The preferred carbon for the present invention is a vapor-grown fiber (VGCF). Carbon nanotubes may also be used. Carbon nanotubes may be single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) or multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) or mixtures thereof. It was found that nanotubes are not easily dispersible with PTFE without first being treated using an ultrasonic method. In the manufacture of the nanotubes, the SWNT or MWNT adhere to one another or bundle, believed to be by Van der Waals force. This bundling causes a non-uniform carbon, i.e. rather than a carbon of a uniform nanometer (nm) size, the bundled carbon acts in the dispersion with PTFE as a carbon of much larger size, having characteristics of the much larger size carbon in carbon black. The ultrasonic method employed to produce the dispersible, uniform carbon is to place the nanotube, either SWNT or MWNT, in a lubricant, preferably an isoparaffinic solvent, used in the paste extrusion process. The nanotube and lubricant mixture, in a glass vessel, are placed in a 40˜70 KHz Water bath sonicator for a period of time, typically 10 minutes to 48 hours. After the ultrasonication process the nanotubes are dispersible with the PTFE resin and the mixture is extruded in the paste extrusion process.
[0022]It was found that the manufacturing process for some VGCFs had the bundling characteristics of nanotubes, and similarly the VGCF may be treated in a water bath sonicator to produce a dispersible carbon with the PTFE resin.
[0023]The preferred method of dispersing the carbon, either VGCF or ultrasonic treated SWNT, MWNT or VGCF with the PTFE is in a tumbling device, such as a Gemco, a Turbula Shaker-Mixer, in preparation for producing the paste for the paste extrusion process. The carbon and PTFE are tumbled in the desired concentrations with addition of a lubricant. The lubricant is preferably an isoparaffinic solvent; however, N,N dimethyl formamide (DMF); dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DDBS); sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); 12-aminododecanic acid; tetrahydrofuran (THF); or O-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) may be used. If the carbon has been dispersed by the ultrasonication process, the lubricant used with the carbon may be added directly to the tumbling device. If necessary, after tumbling, the mixture is further blended with a high shearing equipment.
[0024]Referring now to FIG. 1, an extruder 1 forces a preform 2 through a die 3. Die 3 may be a conical die, a fish tail die, a coat hanger die or a special proprietary die, each of which directly or indirectly form a sheet that is introduced between two rollers in a calendar 4. The sheet is then transported by rollers to a series of rollers, four rollers illustrated, in an evaporation oven. In the oven may be baffles, not shown, that permit the temperature surrounding each roller to be regulated and the evaporated lubricant to be removed from the oven in an effective and safe environment. The sheet is removed from the oven 5 and wound on a winder 6 as the finished tape. The rollers in the evaporation oven 5 may operate at independent speeds to elongate and reduce the thickness of the sheet as it passes through oven 5 to obtain the finished tape of the desired thickness, What is illustrated in FIG. 1 is a conventional commercial paste extrusion process.
[0025]Referring now to FIG. 2, apparatus for producing the preform 2 is illustrated. The specific apparatus will depend on automation and volume or it may be apparatus which is hand controlled by a person. The operation is to place a desired amount of the blended mixture of PTFE, carbon and lubricant in the concentrations of a desired paste to fill a press 7. A piston 8 having a head 9 of essentially the same dimensions of the press 7 compacts the paste into a preform 2. As a compacted preform 2, the preform 2 may be handled as a single structure and introduced to die 3.
[0026]To illustrate the present invention, the following examples are given:
Example 1
[0027]This example illustrates one of the preferred embodiments wherein the preferred carbon is VGCF.
[0028]In a tumbling device, 5-7 wt % of VGCF and 65-75 wt % PTFE is tumbled 30 to 60 minutes. During tumbling 15 to 25 wt % lubricant is sprayed into the blend. Alternatively, the lubricant may be sprayed to the mixture of VGCF and PTFE before tumbling. After tumbling, the premixed blend is sifted over a No. 10 sieve, with an aperture size of 2.00 millimeter (mm) to remove larger clumps. The premixed blend is then placed in plastic bags under ambient conditions for at least 24 to 48 hours before continuing the paste extrusion process.
[0029]The premixed blend is then placed into a press under 400-900 psi to make the preform, which is then extruded under 900-1800 psi. The extruded sheet is calendared and introduced into a four heating zone evaporation oven. The calendaring speed is about 11 foot/min and the heating zones are 425°, 465°, 525° and 530° F. respectively. A tape with a thickness of 4 to 8 mil is made.
[0030]The surface resistivity of the tape is in tic range of 105˜103 ohm/square. The axial strength is 1000˜3000 psi and the axial elongation is 100˜300%; the transverse tensile strength is 600˜1000 psi and the transverse elongation is 500˜800%. To obtain a stronger tape, the tape as produced can be sintered. During the sintering process, the tape is heated for a sufficiently long period above the melting point of 327° C. for PTFE to pass the gel state. After sintering, the surface resistivity of the tape decreases up to 102 ohm/square. The axial tensile strength is 4000˜7000 psi and the axial elongation is 100˜250%; the transverse tensile strength is 3000˜5000 psi and the transverse elongation is 200˜400%.
Example 2
[0031]This example illustrates one of the preferred embodiments wherein the carbon is nanotubes.
[0032]1˜2 wt % of carbon nanotubes, 20˜30 wt % of a isoparaffinic solvent, and 0.1˜0.5 wt % of a low boiling aliphatic alcohol are placed in a container. The mixture is placed in a 40˜70 KHz water bath sonicator for 1 hour. Then the mixture with 60 to 75 wt % PTFE is tumbled in a tumbling device. After tumbling, the mixture is further blended with a high shearing rate equipment, The mixture is sieved, sealed and stored at ambient conditions for at least 24 hours.
[0033]The tape paste extrusion procedure is similar to that described in Example 1 except that the extrusion pressure is lower and in the range of 900˜1200 psi.
[0034]The surface resistivity of the tape is in the range of 105˜103 ohm/square. The axial strength is 500˜2000 psi and the axial elongation is 100˜300%; the transverse tensile strength is 300˜1000 psi and the transverse elongation is 500˜800%. After sintering, the surface resistivity of the tape increases up to 102 ohm/square. The axial tensile strength is 3000˜7000 psi and the axial elongation is 50˜250%; the transverse tensile strength is 800˜5000 psi and the transverse elongation is 100˜400%.
Example 3
[0035]This example illustrates one of the preferred embodiments wherein the carbon is a mixture of VGCF and nanotubes.
[0036]Both the VGCF and nanotubes are pretreated by placing a mixture in a container and placing in a 40˜70 KHz water bath sonicator for 1 hour. The tape paste extrusion procedure is similar to that described in Example 2.
[0037]Referring now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the cross section of press 7 is normally as shown in FIG. 3A in that a single paste of PTFE, carbon and lubricant is introduced to press 7. The PTFE tape will have the same electrical conductivity on both sides of the sheet. However, a modified tape is made when a baffle is used in press 7 as illustrated in FIG. 3B. A modified tape may have different electrical conductivity on each side of the sheet or one side with electrical conductivity and the other side with no electrical conductivity.
Example 4
[0038]This example illustrates a modified PTFE tape.
[0039]In a press 7 having a baffle to separate two premixed blends as illustrated in FIG. 3B, one blend having the composition of Example 1 fills X and a second blend of PTFE having no carbon (a commercial blend of PTFE as presently used) fills Y. The baffle is removed for the piston to enter the press to form a perform. In the extrusion process a die is used to maintain the orientation of the two blends so that one is on top of the produced sheet and the other is on the bottom. The tape produced has one surface with electrical conductivity and the other with an electrical conductivity much different. Variations of modified tape are possible.
[0040]The tapes of the present invention have significant potential application in the battery and fuel cell industry, medical industry, aerospace industry, automotive industry pipeline, cables, pumps, valves, compressors and industrial seals. The tapes may be used for electromagnetic shielding, electrostatic dissipation or antistatic purposes. The tapes may be wound on a mandrel unsintered to form tubes that when sintered may carry fluids.
Patent applications by Bernd Schulte-Ladbeck, Houston, TX US
Patent applications by Jiaxiang Ren, Houston, TX US
Patent applications by COMPAGNIE PLASTIC OMNIUM
Patent applications in class Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Patent applications in all subclasses Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
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After 20 years of regular commuting I'm going to have to take a long break.
My daughter got into the daycare at the University where I work and there is no way I'm going to haul her six miles in a trailer through South Central Los Angeles at rush hour. So I'll be reduced to before and after work rides and the weekends. I am so seriously bummed, but I can't pass up this opportunity for my daughter. Wish me luck getting my butt up before work to go riding.


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My wife!
My wife!
Does your wife know about this post...?
here's my wife:
Actually the pic was taken 18 years ago! My wife knows that I think she is the sexiest creature that has ever walked this earth. I keep the pic near all the time! She is quite tickled that I find her so sexy and attractive just as much today as then.Originally Posted by bikecrate
I've showed the pic to my friends and she cracks up that I'm stil hot and bothered by it! I carry a pic of my wife cause she gets me hot,still!
Whatta you carry, a Britney Spears picture?
This is the newest bought last week! ON sale for $1799, regular $2799 ('05 model)
She knows now what it's like to ride carbon fiber and I'm still riding aluminum!
Now she has:
'05 Trek Pilot roadie
'98 Bianchi Premio roadie
'84 Bianchi Sport roadie
'98 Burley Duet tandem roadie
"95 Specialized Crossroads hybrid
Life is about hanging onto what you think is important and finding out what really is important.
"Stop Ruining my joke!", "No, a joke implies humor attached at no additional cost"
So many sayings, so little sig space.
In your dreams..hehe.Originally Posted by timmhaan
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
Is this the Post'em & Swap'em thread ? My wife, as she sits at this very minute.....
I just noticed she has her own tandem...
HHCMF - Take pride in your ability to amaze lesser mortals! - MikeR
We demand rigidly defined areas of doubt and uncertainty!
Not my wife but she might as well be...
I had to make a few changes to the pic so it's legal to post... so no butt for you!
Holy crap I didn't even know that was jennifer aniston till I saw the file name. She looks completely plastic...
Originally Posted by timmhaan
we saw your butt, but u won't show us hers? that's no fair!Originally Posted by slvoid
btw - dayum!
HHCMF - Take pride in your ability to amaze lesser mortals! - MikeR
We demand rigidly defined areas of doubt and uncertainty!
Well actually I got in trouble for both her butt and mine...
Originally Posted by jyossarian
by who, her? cuz the mods don't count.
HHCMF - Take pride in your ability to amaze lesser mortals! - MikeR
We demand rigidly defined areas of doubt and uncertainty!
Ahhah wasnt that the pic that locked the post your pic thread i made?Originally Posted by slvoid
What do you mean? I didn't do anything to her. It's what she does to/for me .Originally Posted by MERTON
Last edited by sngltrackdufus; 02-18-06 at 07:06 AM.
yes we do count, in binary
Sono più lento di quel che sembra.
Odio la gente, tutti.
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You're no fun anymore!!!Originally Posted by lotek
A good teacher protects his pupils from his own influence.
― Bruce Lee


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Pulpit Rock - near Govetts Leap
Favorite thing: If you want to get the best experience with cliffs up close and personal (other than abseiling) then this is the spot. The drama of the vertical drop is right before your eyes and somehow has a power that is reproduced nowhere else I've been. Of course, it's all so much better if your camera is working properly. My main lens had died so I was reduced to using others.
The stunning piece of natural formation could never really be captured by a camera though, you really have to get out there yourself.
The views aren't that bad looking across Grose Valley either.
- Hiking and Walking
- Photography
- National/State Park
A different viewpoint
Favorite thing: I remember a noted writer and T.V. presenter suggesting that you should always look back so as not to miss a photo opportunity. She cited an example in her book and had produced a wonderful shot of the Napalese foothills.
I mention this because I deliberately did the Grand Canyon loop in a different direction this time to my previous few trips and, lo and behold, as usual I saw things I hadn't noticed before.
I was mainly after a shot of a feature I call the shower. It's a waterfall that forms a wet curtain and looks so beautiful when it's running properly; i.e. when there's a lot of water around.
That aside, I also got to veiw other places from different perspectives and it backed up my view that it's the best day walk in the Blue Mountains, I hope you agree.
The 2 1/2 hour walk I managed in around 4 1/2. Of course, I did take around 250 photographs so I guess I have some excuse
Fondest memory: It was such a perfect day for pictures, almost 100% cloud cover and lots of water which makes it tricky when you reach the numerous creek crossings but excellent for the waterfalls.
Though I was focused on getting down the shower which was about 80% of the way through my trek; I was seeing areas in different ways and had to stop to take pictures constantly, passing by an English couple and about 15 canyoners on the way.
The lushness of the area was almost unprecedented and precipitation oozed from every second rock slab.
Then I eventually got to the shower and it was special and I finally managed to nail it to my satisfaction and later on saw some fungus which finally justified why I'd carried my macro gear around. Hope you enjoy.
- National/State Park
- Photography
- Hiking and Walking
Birds of the Blue Mountains
Favorite thing: There's a lot of bird life in the Blue Mountains. In different parts you'll find different species. For instance, you're likely to see yellow tailed black cockatoos along the Prince Henry Cliff Walk but not over at Govetts Leap.
The yellow tufted honeyeater can be spied on the western slopes but you're more likely to see New Holland honeyeaters around Katoomba.
There's cheeky wrens at Newnes that clamour around a warm campfire, rock warblers up near the Glow Worm Cave, wattle birds everywhere, as are eastern yellow robins.
The flashier robins like the scarlet and flame are also there for the viewing along with a score of other little birds like the red-eyed finch, blue wren, thorn birds et cetera.
The red rumped parrot puts in an appearance on the western side but you won't see it on the eastern and the most wondrous bird of all, for me, the lyrebird can more often than not be heard but not seen, such is its magnificent mimicry and excellent camouflage.
Fondest memory: While spending some time at Govetts Leap, in one tree I sat and watched and photographed all manner of birds.
There were rufous fantails, tree creepers, crimson rosellas, a kookaburra, scrub wrens, flame robins, spotted pardalotes and others I've forgotten. Such an array of colours, such a spectacle. When you're at the lookout, if you want to see birds, allocate an hour, ideally not long after dawn and you'll be surprised at just how many there are.
- Birdwatching
- Hiking and Walking
- Family Travel
The Three Sisters
Favorite thing: They are the iconic image of the Blue Mountains. Familiar around the world, this set of worn sandstone prominences certainly catch the eye when you're standing at Echo Point. Rest assured, whilst you're there, you won't be alone. Tourists come here by the busload but, if you're here just after sunrise or just before sunset, when it's best for photography, there is a chance there won't be too many people there,
I hope some of the images here convey the beauty of the place.
Fondest memory: This is what the World Heritage site has to say about them:
The Three Sisters is the Blue Mountains' most spectacular landmark. Located at Echo Point Katoomba, around 2.5 kilometres from the Great Western Highway, this iconic visitor attraction is experienced by millions of people each year, the majority are foreigners.
The Three Sisters is essentially an unusual rock formation representing three sisters who according to Aboriginal legend were turned to stone.
The character of the Three Sisters changes throughout the day and throughout the seasons as the sunlight brings out the magnificent colours. The Three Sisters is also floodlit until around 11pm each evening looking simply spectacular set against the black background of the night sky.
Each of the Three Sisters stand at 922, 918 & 906 metres tall, respectively.
That's over 3000 feet above sea level!
The Legend: The Aboriginal dream-time legend has it that three sisters, 'Meehni', 'Wimlah' and Gunnedoo' lived in the Jamison Valley as members of the Katoomba tribe.
These beautiful young ladies had fallen in love with three brothers from the Nepean tribe, yet tribal law forbade them to marry.
The brothers were not happy to accept this law and so decided to use force to capture the three sisters causing a major tribal battle.
As the lives of the three sisters were seriously in danger, a witchdoctor from the Katoomba tribe took it upon himself to turn the three sisters into stone to protect them from any harm. While he had intended to reverse the spell when the battle was over, the witchdoctor himself was killed. As only he could reverse the spell to return the ladies to their former beauty, the sisters remain in their magnificent rock formation as a reminder of this battle for generations to come.
- Hiking and Walking
- National/State Park
- Birdwatching
Other murals
Favorite thing: One of my favourites anywhere is at the carpark at Blackheath, just a little way down the road from Katoomba.
Fondest memory: When I visited in October 2010 I noticed the Butterfly Walk, a small access lane that had been beautified by the addition of several murals, some of which I share with you here.
The lane runs off the western side of the CBD in Katoomba Street.
- Backpacking
- Arts and Culture
- Romantic Travel and Honeymoons
Favorite thing: Murals are a thing that have evolved in towns in Australia over the last 20 years. Yes, there were some before in various places but they have proliferated to a degree from towards the end of the 20th century.
Fondest memory: The first one pictured here really caught my eye. For me it captured the essence of the Blue Mountains, those wondrous cliffs. I also loved the colours the artist used.
The other one is fairly self descriptive but nonetheless still a nice rendition.
Both of these you can spy in the main shopping centre towards the top of the hill.
- Arts and Culture
- Seniors
- Family Travel
Grose Valley
Favorite thing: Grose Valley has claims to being the most spectacular of all the valleys. Every time I've been there it never fails to impress.
Fondest memory: The best place to view this spectacle is at Govetts Leap at the northern side of Blackheath, a town just a few kilometres west of Katoomba. You could even catch a train there to do this.
There are several options when you get there and checking the view from Govetts Leap is merely one of them.
You will have company as it's a very popular spot but don't let that stop you. A crowd here is no problem as there's plenty of room.
- National/State Park
- Hiking and Walking
- Eco-Tourism
Walking the walk
Favorite thing: To feel the dominance and be in awe of the Blue Mountains you have to stand beneath one of those towering cliff faces. Ii is this kind of reverence that led to the Blue Mountains area being listed as one of Australia's first national parks.
Fondest memory: In this opening picture, if you look closely towards the bottom, you will see my youngest son on a trail. This gives you an idea of how insignificant you will be in the scheme of things when you actually get on the trails.
This happens to be the National Pass Track.
The overhanging sandstone with veil like waterfalls here and there splashing at the base and continuing the unending erosion that formed what you see today makes for a memorable passage.
At one end is the famous Wentworth Falls and at the other the less well known Empress Falls (pic 2). Either way you have to climb down and up but don't be frightened, it takes a lot less time than you'd think.
The vastness of the park (247,000 hectares) means you won't get to see it all in your lifetime. In fact, there are places where I will confidently state that no man has walked, such as where the Wollemi Pine, a previously unknown tree, was recently discovered, a biological oddity that has now been saved from extinction by propagation.
- National/State Park
- Hiking and Walking
- Mountain Climbing
Campbell Rhododendron Gardens
Favorite thing: The Campbell Rhododendron Gardens (nee Bacchante, the street where they are located at Blackheath) cover eighteen and a half hectares of sclerophyl forest. As well as the whites, pinks and reds more common in coastal areas, the colours here include yellow, orange and deep violet.
Azaleas (related to the rhododendron) also proliferate in springtime.
What has happened here is that the whole thing is done on a voluntary basis. It's really quite extraordinary. Mostly older people with botanical experience who have either moved up here in retirement or always been here (not many other options I suppose!) tend this wonderful display. There are about eight of them.
Basically, the flowers have been planted intermittently throughout the forest so there are flashes of colour rather than a vast expanse of same.
If you're looking for them then the signs say "Rhodo Gardens".
Fondest memory: This project is under the control of the Blue Mountains Rhododendron Society and is for the study and growing of many hundreds of varieties and species of the really beautiful Rhododendron.
They look forward to your donation in the box provided as this project is maintained from the money visitors donate and the members' subscriptions as well as the support of citizens and local Clubs and Societies.
In the main valley an attractive lake and 5 pools have been constructed. The purpose of the Garden is to educate the public and interested groups who wish to delve more deeply into the Genus Rhododendron, and to conserve the natural features of the area for the pleasure of visitors and to encourage tourists to enjoy the beauty of the garden.
A feature of the Garden is the beautiful Natural Fern Glades and the abundance of Native Flora which we proudly protect for future generations to enjoy - please help to preserve it.
Visitors to the Garden are reminded that the flowering season for Rhododendrons is September, October and November but the peak period is the end of October and early November. Mollis Azaleas are a special feature at this time as well.
The Garden is a delight in Autumn when so many deciduous trees look their best during April. The latest project is the planting of a Conifer Garden.
- Seniors
- National/State Park
- Budget Travel
Exploring the valley floors
Favorite thing: Not people have the chance to explore the valley floors of the mountains which is rich in wildlife, especially the eucalyptus trees which the volatile eucalyptus oil is said to give the bluish colour of the mountains. If you plan to stay long, you can try to do some walking on the valley floors.
Mural in progress
Fondest memory: One of the things I enjoyed about Katoomba was coming across this beautiful mural in progress on a wall beside a Veterinary clinic, representing so much of the surroundings and flora and fauna.
- Arts and Culture
Beautiful waterfalls
Favorite thing: There are a number of breathtaking waterfalls in the Blue Mountains. You can see them if you trek along the trails.
Why "Blue Mountains"?
Favorite thing: The mountain range are titled the "Blue Mountains" because of the blue haze the mountains mainly GUM trees give off.
small falls
Favorite thing: There are many waterfalls scattered through out the park, some big, some small. Plenty of photography hot shots.
Favorite thing: There are literally hundreds of lookouts around Katoomba that offer spectacular views of the rugged cliffs.
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Sponsored Links


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Infrastructure procurement routemap: a guide to improving delivery capability
The UK government has published the Infrastructure Procurement Routemap — a guide to improving delivery capability for consultation. This is part of the implementation programme for the Infrastructure Cost Review and is a set of guidelines and tools designed to support public sector infrastructure providers' capability to improve the delivery of large-scale projects and programmes, long term capital investment plans and publicly procured mega-projects.
It is widely acknowledged that procurement behaviours and associated processes can be lengthy, expensive, adversarial and risk averse. The Government recognises that a change in behaviour is needed to address issues of inefficiency in the procurement process and project delivery. The Routemap is one way of achieving this goal.
The Routemap is not a prescriptive process. Rather, it ensures that the "right" questions are asked at the right time and that key risks are identified. It is anticipated that the projects utilising the Routemap will see a number of benefits, including achieving value for money, avoiding unnecessary costs, potential increase in revenue and development of a tailored best practice toolkit…
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Briefings from DLA Piper
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Austria – Out of the darkness
Regulators are ramping up the pressure in the aftermath of recession, leaving firms to compete for compliance and restructuring work


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Please Note: All products at ShopClues.com are brand new, 100% genuine and come with Manufacturer's warranty wherever applicable. Report a ShopClues Intellectual Property Violation (SCIPP)
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Best Rated ReviewsPosted by: KIRTAN Date: 09 Mar 2014, 05:19 PM
PRODUCT IS VERY NICE OR SHIPPING IS VERY FAST....Read More
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- Filed Under
After several quiet weeks, the Accomack County arsonist apparently resurfaced Sunday night, when two fires were set.
Police and firefighters were called to the 28000 block of Nelsonia Road in Nelsonia for a fire at a storage shed, followed by another call for a brush and tire pile fire at F&G Automotive on Coastal Boulevard in Onley.
After preliminary investigation, police believe the shed fire is and the tire fire may be related to the ongoing series of structure fires in Accomack County, according to Virginia State Police spokeswoman Michelle Anaya. ...


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|Comments on Photo
|Add Comment
By Doug Hemken
Mar 26, 2008
|I'm pretty sure I used those exact same four placements! This pitch would be better protected and produce less rope drag if you belayed from 15 feet lower, closer to the shrubs in the foreground.
By sqwirll
From: Las Vegas
Apr 6, 2009
|That looks brutal. We belayed like Doug suggested and it worked smooth. You can see the crack in the bottom left that I used for my anchor. There's a small ledge below the crack. The crack takes 2-3" gear.
By Sherri Lewis
From: Sequim, WA
Mar 30, 2011
|That block that his second piece is placed next to did not seem all that solid to me. There is a bomber #4 cam placement just behind and above the block, where the roof itself is attached to the wall.
|Avg Score
|0.0 from 0 votes
|Your Score


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Canvas, Chore and Jersey Gloves
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- Cotton Jersey Gloves, Knit Cuff, 8.5 oz. Fabric Weight, Brown, L, PR 1 Cotton Jersey Gloves
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Catalog Page # NA
Note: Product availability is real-time basis and adjusted continuously. The product will be reserved for you when you complete your order. More


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Absolutley NOT unless the information in your messages and contacts is already in the public domain!
Don't get me wrong - OWA provides an excellent webmail system.
My point is that if you don't have a reason to trust the client machine you shouldn't view/access or enter sensitive information as anything you see/type can be stolen by a malicious third party. Using multi-factor authentication (aka "blinkin' tokens"), HTTPS/SSL on protects the transport (and authentication of the parties).
I am staggered at the number of organisations who allow (and encourage) their employees to access corporate information from unmanaged machines!!!!
There ARE cyber cafes who are very good at ensuring the security of the client machine - it's a differentiator - however the VAST majority of cyber cafes do not provide this assurance
Hmmm... not sure that I entirely agree. I mean - it depends on the sensitivity of the information. I wouldn't think that the average business or would have a lot of sensitive information that was at serious confidentiality risk through this scenario. Sure - you wouldn't want to publish that info, but it is unlikely that the agent/individual who compromises the data from the public terminal would have any interest in it or any particular use for it.
I would, however, insist that any access from a public terminal require two-factor authentication as the password itself is sensitive enough material to worry about it being compromised.
hi to you guys i lake to ask you a question ? its that o.k.
Edgar> of course - go ahead
Steve, are you saying that you believe that it is inherently insecure and putting a corporation at risk if they _are_ using multi factor "blinkin' tokens", as you put it, to access corporate data/apps? It wasn't 100% clear from your post. And if so how does this differ from the the "TS Web Access/TS Gateway" solution presented at the recent Technet sessions that yourself and James O'Neill gave? Thanks
Going one step further - should we ever trust a client machine which we don't physically own? The best HTTPS and SSL security layers can't stop a device-level keylogger.
Matt> I'm saying that if the client machine is compromised then strong authentication and transport (SSL) won't save you.
Ian> absolutely not for exactly the reason you state - they are a multitude of ways your I/O can be compromised on an unmanaged machine
As I've explained before I like to do mail in the morning before I leave the house. Finding myself running
I wish to import my current contacts list and mail from outlook 2oo5 folders to OWA.
I wish to import my contacts list and mail folders from existing outlook 2005


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Liquid DietFavorites [+]
Pay-Per-Minute Viewing
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DRM-free downloads offer content that is not limited by standard Digital Rights Management (DRM) access technologies. These technologies allow hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals to limit the usage of digital content.
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Running Time: 134 minutes
Released: 04/2012
Studio Name: Zero Tolerance
Director: Mick Blue
Description: These girls love to swallow! Worship their young, tight bodies and get warmed up between their firm tits until you're just about ready to blow. Then make sure you don't waste a drop - give them what they crave - a nice, long, hot drink down the hatch! Find out the secret to how these sauce-loving sluts keep their perfect bodies a steady liquid diet!
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Recommended Movies


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"Looking 4 Myself," Usher's seventh studio album, has made a strong debut on the UK Albums chart.
In a three way battle for the top spot, The Official Charts Company confirms just 1,000 copies separated the "Scream" singer from landing the top spot.
Debuting at no.3 on the UK Albums Chart Sunday, Usher's "Looking 4 Myself" came in just behind Amy MacDonald's "Life In A Beautiful Light" and Gary Barlow & Commonwealth's "Sing."Read More>>
This excerpt is courtesy of our partner in music, SingersRoom.com
SingersRoom.com is dedicated offering support to unsigned/signed artists, songwriters and music lovers everywhere. The online magazine includes candid interviews, music, videos, and editorials on fashion and lifestyle trends.


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General Info
exploring here in Florida
Sexy sensual BBW who loves almost all things sexual. Enjoy exploring videos here and hoping to add a few more of my own. Living in sunny central Florida.
Turn Ons
soooo many things....... kissing, nipples licked, and ass caressed just to start
Turn Offs
poor hygiene, bad breathe, cruel/unkind people
About myself
Tobacco Consumption
I'm a non-smoker
Alcohol Consumption
I'm a light social drinker
Physical Profile
Body Type
Full figured
Sexual Interests
Sexual Orientation
All Comments
Hey sexy. I'm in Central Florida too...I'd loive to meat you!
You are a beautiful sexy full figured woman and I really wish I could know and worship you! Knowing you would be a fantasy cum true!
You are absolutely gorgeous, from head-to-toe...love every inch of your sexy body!
You're a Goddess baby !!
Wish i was in sunny Florida too.
I'd love to explore ur womb sometime.... ;-)
More vids please ;-) me and my girl love your vids
More vids please ;-) me and my lady love watching you two!
thanks for the add!!!! heavenly is right!!!! love you vids
Thanks for adding me. You are one big sexy woman. I'd love lick you and split you.
you in florida also damn makes me wnt keep up the good work
Thanks for the add sweetness!
I keep watching your thick guy bj video and can't stop thinking about how great it is to watch. i ADORE the way you play with that dudes balls. You must be one very sensative, thoughtful, playful gal. Hmm. Hmm. Here's to dreams!
very hott videos...you get sexier evry time i watch.wish that my cock in your mouth
Absolutely LUSCIOUS!!!!
You have great blow job skills!
Thanks for the add! I absolutely love your blowjob videos, you definitely know how to please a cock.
I am enjoying vids
Love it love it keep it up the good work sexy.
thanx for tha add sexy
Thanks for the add....you have awesome tits!!
tampa florida here....damn, we need to chat, those tits would look great in my mouth, among other things
Hey there im in central florida as well..wondering where u are and if you mabye wanna hit up with me so we can get something good going.
lovin da vids.hoping to see more soon
Hey! I'm in central Florida aswell, you should send me back a message and maybe we could talk more? I think you're absolutely adorable. would LOVE to get to know you more! <3<3
Bye for now,
ever on yahoo look me up...bigshooter3000!!!
I cant stop watching. youre my morning cup of coffee before hiting I4. LOL
definately makes the drive better
You have a great pair of tits babe, you look sweet and would love to see you with a big toy in your hot pussy!
Thanks for the add,big hugs to a wonderful lady
Hello to a beautiful woman. Every picture and video of you simply took my breath away. All the best to you.
u are lovely
I would LOVE to have my thick cock in your mouth! I love those huge tits.
You're amazing! I'd love to chat with you. Cheers from Brazil!
4 years ago
5 years ago
6 years ago


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by Craig Heydon
At the 2013 49er and 49erFX World Championships, racing is underway in Marseille, France, with light winds dominating the opening day of racing.
Haylee Outteridge and Nina Curtis in Marseille
A lack of breeze kept the crews on shore in the morning, with both the 49er and 49erFX fleets eventually completing two races.
Australia's Nathan Outteridge and Iain Jensen showed that they haven't lost any speed despite not racing since winning gold at the London 2012 Olympic Games, finishing the opening day in sixth position.
Outteridge and Jensen began their World Championship defence with a third, before finishing fourth in race two, with the results leaving the pair five points behind the early leaders.
'It was nice to be back racing again in the 49er,' said Outteridge. 'We have a big fleet here and racing was tight as we had very light conditions.
'We haven't been sailing in under 15 knots since the Olympics as all of our training has been in San Francisco so it was great to post a third and a fourth in the five to seven knots of breeze we had today,' he said. 'It's a long event and the forecast remains light so we've got a long way to go but have had a good start.'
David Gilmour and Sam Phillips are the second placed Australians at the end of day one, currently in 22nd position. Gilmour and Phillips finished with a 10th and a 13th on Tuesday to be 10 points outside the top 10.
Will Phillips and Rhys Mara are currently 28th, with Luke Parkinson and Fang Warren 41st, George Davies and Jack Lloyd 45th and Peter Kendall and Harry Bethwaite 56th.
Tuesday marked the first ever day of racing at a 49erFX World Championship, with the class recently introduced for the Rio 2016 Olympic Games.
Tessa Parkinson and Chelsea Hall are the leading Australians after the opening two races, with the West Australians currently sitting in 17th position.
Parkinson and Hall were eighth in race one and 12th in race two to be just six points behind 10th.
Olivia Price and Caitlin Elks ended the day in 28th position following an 11th and a 16th, with Haylee Outteridge and Nina Curtis having a 13th and 21st to be 36th overall.
'We had some pretty tricky light air conditions which added a level of complexity to the racing,' said Curtis. 'We made a few errors today however we've had a thorough debrief and are ready to make some improvements for tomorrow's racing.
'We are expecting the conditions tomorrow to be similar to today and are excited to continue racing,' she said.
For more information on the Australian Sailing Team visit Australian Team website and follow the Team on Twitter


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Katy Perry is giving us something to celebrate…more Princess Mandee!
The pop star treated fans on Wednesday (June 25) to unseen footage of herself in character as Princess Mandee from her "Birthday" music video, which dropped in April.
Like, LITERALLY, more Mandee… Happy Birthday, Batches! http://t.co/SQtBoSfFdJ
— KATY PERRY (@katyperry) June 25, 2014
The "Birthday" video showed an unrecognizable Katy as she played the role of a number of different characters, including Goldie the dancer, Yosef the MC and the face-painting princess.
In the clip, Katy, a.k.a. Mandee, is dressed in a pink ball gown, which took her three days to make, and is confessing to camera all about her inspirations (Barbie and Gandhi), how she's pursuing her dream of fashion interning at Forever 21 and admits that when she works children's birthday parties she's "giving them free therapy, and in Los Angeles, free therapy is $350 an hour."
The video intercuts with Katy at the birthday party as she face-paints little girls faces and tells them "stories about things that won't come true," mostly about how much boys suck.
Princess Mandee causes quite a scene when Prince Charming (her fourth) makes an appearance at the party. Mandee thinks he's cheating on her, so what does she do? Throws cake in his face, pushes him in the pool and proceeds to tell the screaming onlookers "don't trust boys."
But the birthday party wasn't ruined completely, after Mandee revealed that she was Katy all along, the kids went crazy declaring it "the best birthday ever."


text:
Habitat Silas Skull Season 30.5" Cruiser Complete Skateboard
Item # 194111
Stash Points: 0
What is this?This is the number of points you get in The Zumiez Stash for purchasing this item. Stash points are redeemable for exclusive rewards only available to Zumiez Stash members. To redeem your points check out the rewards catalog on thestash.zumiez.com.
The Habitat Silas Baxter Neal cruiser complete is a pre-assembled skate deck with a cork top sheet for smooth ride all around town.
|More Details


text:
DescriptionFill-in Forms Instructions: Tax Court forms can be filled-in and printed directly from Acrobat Reader 3.0 (or later). However, the information entered on a form cannot be saved to disk unless you are using the full Adobe Acrobat software suite. Clicking on a form link will launch the Acrobat Reader plug-in and display the form within your browser window (please note the Acrobat toolbar that appears across the top...
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text:
Barre3 In The Park
Updated: 10/14/2015 - If you're curious about what a Barre3 workout is like, Barre3 In The Park is a free event where you can try it yourself. Just head to Sequoyah Hills Park around 9 a.m. on Sunday, October 18.
Updated: 10/14/2015 - If you're curious about what a Barre3 workout is like, Barre3 In The Park is a free event where you can try it yourself. Just head to Sequoyah Hills Park around 9 a.m. on Sunday, October 18.
Updated: 07/21/2015 - A few simple steps people can take now to save for a comfortable retirement later.
Updated: 04/10/2015 - The music-focused highlight of Dogwood Arts' April celebration will once again rock Knoxville over a three-day span from April 10-12.
Posted: 04/01/2015 - The world's oldest person has died nearly a month after celebrating her 117th birthday.
Updated: 12/11/2012 - If you haven't been to Dollywood during the holidays you're in for a treat. It's this week's holiday treat courtesy of the Tennessee Traveler.
Posted: 07/24/2012 - Kids in grades 1-12 can attend a weekend bereavement camp called "Katerpillar Kids Camp" in Townsend that combines fun and therapy to help the child cope with the loss of a loved one.
Updated: 08/02/2012 - What do you get when you combine vacation and school? That's easy, vacation bible school for area churches
Posted: 05/29/2012 - No Wikepedia, no spell check, it's just all smarts for over 200 contestants in the 2012 National Spelling Bee today.
Updated: 05/11/2012 - Dolly Parton welcomed in the 27th year of the park named after her. Alan Williams sat down with her for a candid one on one conversation.
Updated: 08/02/2012 - Fireflies in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park have become so popular that you'll need reservations this year in order to park and then see them.
Updated: 08/02/2012 - The annual Dogwood Arts Parade marched down Gay Street Friday night.
Updated: 03/30/2012 - Friends and teammates of a Knoxville youngster came together to lend a financial hand of support.
Updated: 03/30/2012 - Frank's Barber Shop in Knoxville won the title again for best barber shop in America.
Updated: 08/02/2012 - Daredevil Felix Baumgartner soared to the edge of space to skydive back to earth from 13.6 miles up.
Updated: 08/02/2012 - Your favorite East Tennessee celebrities competed in a fun night of competitive games all to help Thompson Cancer Survival Center.
Posted: 11/11/2010 - If third time is a charm, what's five?
Updated: 10/05/2009 - The Martha Stewart Show
Posted: 04/10/2009 - Gas Prices
Posted: 04/10/2009 - Horoscopes
Updated: 05/09/2011 - Men's Wellness Minute | Brought to you by Parkwest Medical Center - Treated Well, Well Treated
Updated: 04/23/2009 - Premier Athletics
Posted: 02/13/2009 - The New York Transit Museum wants to hear love stories from beneath streets and on buses, too.
Updated: 02/06/2009 - The Empire State Building is in the red -- but it has nothing to do with finances.
Updated: 11/06/2009 - Home Sense | Brought to you by Certa Pro Painters and Braden's Furniture for Life
Posted: 10/01/2008 - ~


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The Wonderful Things About The Tigger Movie
(continued from page 1)
A True Classic
Even at the 9:30 pm showing that I attended, there were more families there than not. I was having flashbacks to animal assemblies and The Fox and the Hound the whole time I was watching the movie. From the outings to the theater with my family, I went away with two things. The first was how the film's lessons and adventures related to my little four-year-old world. Yes, The Fox and the Hound was just Romeo and Juliet, but it taught me about friendship. Yes, The Rescuers was part James Bond, part It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, but when the villains took the little girl's toy away and said, "You'll never see teddy again!" it scared the Osh-be-Goshes off me and I sure related. A little bit adventure and a little bit morality tale -- that's what fairy tales are made of, and that's what The Tigger Movie is.
Tigger with his "real" family bounces with joy on receiving a letter from his Tigger family. © Disney Enterprises, Inc.
The film is full of classic family values. Oh no, I'm sounding like a Dumbo party member, but hold on Eeyore party fans don't go burning Pat Buchanan posters in my yard yet. Owl (Andre Stojka) is like a grandparent, Rabbit (Ken Sansom) is a worrying mom and Pooh is the dopey next door neighbor. The relationships between the characters form experiences to which any kid can relate. Tigger wants someone to bounce with him, but Pooh and the gang have more important things to do -- just like my mom and dad did after they came home from a long day at work. Roo runs after Tigger wanting to act big -- just like my little sister wanted when I was playing Atari. I read a review bashing the film for being old fashioned and out of date. Well, if a kids' movie about families caring about each other is old-fashioned then the world is pretty sad for all of us. Republican Dumbos and Democrat Eeyores all included. The characters make up a caring community. However, the flick isn't quite as old-fashioned as one may think. Heck, Ms. Kanga is a single mom! There's no Mr. Kanga hopping around to help with Roo. The whole Hundred Acre Wood crew make up a family of different feathers and furs. Pooh and Piglet didn't just assume the frogs couldn't be Tigger's family because they weren't bright orange. In this time of "it takes a village to raise a child" Tigger's "real" family looks like the model for a Democratic campaign poster. These are lessons for today's kids. Moreover, the lessons of family and caring are intrinsically the same today as they were yesteryear. This will never be out-of-date.
Now for the second thing I took away from my outings to the movie theater when I was young. It was a family affair. I wasn't just raised by my parents. I had grandparents, uncles, aunts and family friends. It's just like Tigger having Ms. Kanga, Owl, Pooh, Piglet, Rabbit and Eeyore. Especially today, more kids have evolving family landscapes that include step-moms, step-dads and step-siblings. The Tigger Movie is much more than an old fashioned Disney flick. It's a modern fairy tale, with characters and adventures a modern kid can relate to very easily.
The Tigger Movie is a film for the four-year-old in all of us. © Disney Enterprises, Inc.
There's a place for inside jokes about Star Wars and the Cold War in animation, just as much as there is a place for a simple tale about family and friends. I've noticed that "kids" movies are making a lot of money lately. It puts a smile on my face, because it means kids with their families (whatever the configuration) are piling into the car and going to see films. For a film made just for the little ones The Tigger Movie is great. It's a warm, funny and subtly told story that doesn't fall into the trap of most "made for kids" films that sink to using dumb bodily fluid and adults-getting-hit-in-the-groin jokes. The most wonderful thing about The Tigger Movie is there are more lessons to be learned from the film then how to market a movie for a mass audience.
With a stuffed Tigger proudly perched on his desk, Rick DeMott is the Associate Editor of Animation World Magazine. Previously, he served as Media Coordinator for Hollywood-based Acme Filmworks. He holds a BA in Film/Video from Penn State University with a Minor in Comparative Literature.
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I am going to be helping a buddy do some bike modifications this spring. He recently lost his right arm from just above the elbow to cancer. We were brainstorming some ideas on putting two levers on the left side. Are there any other options for dual brake control? Shifting shouldn't be an issue, going to go with a 1x setup. In case it matters, no hardcore riding at this point. He mostly wants to get out and ride with his daughters.
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Gift Of The Night Fury
Alternate Title: Dragons: Gift of the Night FuryGift Of The Night Fury (Dragons: Gift of the Night Fury) (2011) Animated Cartoon Special by Dave Koch
This page has been viewed 32 times this month, and 463 times total.
- Animated TV SpecialCartoonTelevisionSpecialCartoon
- DreamWorks Animation
- Cartoon Characters: Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III, Astrid Hofferson, Gobber the Belch, Fishlegs, Snotlout, Tuffnut, Ruffnut, Stoick the Vast.
- Voice Actors: Jay Baruchel, America Ferrera, Craig Ferguson, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Jonah Hill, T. J. Miller, Kristen Wiig; Full Voice Cast ...
- Directed By Tom Owens.
- Produced By Kate Spencer, Dean DeBlois.
- Written By Adam F. Goldberg.
- Awards: Nominee, Annie Award, Best Animated Special Production, 2013.
- Music: Dominic Lewis, John Powell.
- Editor: James Wood Wilson.
- Originally Released on November 14, 2011.
- Originally Aired on Cartoon Network (USA).
- Running Time: 18 minutes.
- Color
Cartoon Summary:
As the village of Berk prepares for its winter holiday, the resident dragons all inexplicably fly away.
Cartoon Production Information:
The short was first broadcast on Cartoon Network on October 14, 2010. It was released next day as a special feature on Blu-ray and double DVD edition of How to Train Your Dragon.
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Anyone familiar with the BBC version of Sherlock Holmes? (spoilers)
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December 27 2012, 07:43 AM
Dorian Thompson
Location: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Re: Anyone familiar with the BBC version of Sherlock Holmes? (spoiler
--my boss just lightened my load--at last--today (translation--his boss began screaming at him for not being on site enough). I was looking for Supernatural on his computer and that's how I happened upon Sherlock. Not only had I never watched it, I'd never
of it. I had no interest in Sherlock Holmes prior. I didn't even know that Irene Adler was a canoncial character; I thought she was someone these writers created.
As for Sherlock surviving the fall--he must have jumped into the lorry that was parked there. He
have; it could have been filled with mattresses. Sherlock did ask Moriarty to step away and give him privacy.
It's not a given he'd survive the fall. Molly has another body available. There was a small building between Sherlock and John--Sherlock implores John to stay right where he is. That's key, I think. Sherlock can't afford to have John see him land. Sherlock pays off so many homeless and street artists around the city--the cyclist obviously leveled John on purpose. John falls down, hits his head; he's woozy. The people crowd around the body but John never gets a really good look though he manages to grab the wrist to check for a pulse. I agree that Mycroft must be involved somehow. He's got to be. He certainly owes Sherlock after giving Moriarty all the ammuntion he needed. Sherlock picks the place with Moriarty; he gets John out of the way with the phony call about Mrs. Hudson...but he's hoping he won't have to go through with it, that Moriarty will call off the gunman. Then Moriarty offs himself unexpectedly. Sherlock realizes he has no choice but to go through with it and he's in tears because he realizes he'll never see his friend again, and that he must ruin his own reputation to spare John's public reputation. His sadness on the roof at that moment is more than genuine.
Oh, the character work,
. It draws me like a moth to the flame.
I did finally check out an episode of Elementary. It wasn't bad. Jonny Lee Miller is a fine English actor but, as I expected, I was underwhelmed by Lucy Liu. The chemistry just isn't there. Holmes and Watson must have chemistry or it's just another procedural. It's more clever than the CSI genre, granted, but it's not the tender genius of Cumberbatch and Freeman. Not by a mile. Those two are lightning in a bottle.
I've started Jekyll. Damn, that shit is scary.
Best disaster animal relief charity around. Don't forget our animal friends. Donate, train to be a volunteer, or be a foster parent for a displaced pet.
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By On the occasion of our 20th anniversary
Why Do Mexis Like Wrought-Iron Fences?
By Gustavo Arellano
By R. Scott Moxley
By Alfonso Delgado
Women For: OC are Stitching and Bitching
By Courtney Hamilton
Santa Ana River Ready for Its Renaissance
By Joel Beers
By Peter Maguire
Can Tech Ruin the Kim Pham Murder Trial?
By Charles Lam
"Another thing we have to understand is more than 95 percent of all species have gone extinct," he says. "More than 95 percent. That doesn't speak well for God, in my opinion."
The presentation spans the evolution of species over the course of hundreds of millions of years and takes on the feel of a high-school science class, one interrupted only by the thundering crash of a man whose chair collapses beneath him, as the brights—most of whom are white and older than 40—gasp and scurry to help him off the floor.
Richert clicks through several artists' renderings depicting what man's ancestors could've looked like, including "Lucy," a 3.2 million-year-old skeleton found in Hadar, Ethiopia, in 1974. It was the first Australopithecus afarensis skeleton ever found, but only about 40 percent of her remains are complete. For a group of self-declared skeptics, Richert's audience seems remarkably unquestioning of the parade of illustrations, many of which are based on conjecture. A religious critic might argue that they're acting no differently from the believers they often deride for having blind faith in the Bible.
Afterward, Gleason mingles with his fellow nonbelievers, at one point standing in the kitchen and discussing the mechanics of magic tricks.
Marilyn Martin, a 59-year-old Redlands resident, says she enjoys the company of skeptics because it is devoid of the God talk that informed her Mormon upbringing. "It's nice to go somewhere where you don't have to bite your tongue," she says.
She recalls her skepticism starting when she was just 3 years old and attending Vacation Bible School. It was there that she saw a frightening image of Jesus Christ on the cross. "At 3, I was severely troubled by that image," Martin says. "There was no way I was believing this guy was floating through the air."
She compares Mormonism to Grimm's Fairy Tales and Greek and Roman mythology, adding that it "actually seemed a lot more sillier." Her family would rather see her dead than an atheist, she says.
Though not an evangelizing atheist, she says, she often finds herself in agreement with many of the slogans she sees on skeptics' cars. Still, she doesn't have any bumper stickers herself.
"Some of the stuff Bruce does makes me nervous," she admits.
* * *
A middle child with two sisters, Gleason grew up in Anaheim. He attended church more for the social opportunities it afforded than anything else. The first time he snubbed God, he was 9 years old, and it involved the money his parents regularly gave him to donate at Sunday School. "I just skipped Sunday School and . . . spent it on candy," he says. "Zero, zero guilt."
The summer when he was 15 years old, he played guitar for a touring Pentecostal church choir. "Not one time did I feel the Holy Spirit," he says. "We had a bus, and we talked in tongues in [the] bus. I opened my heart. Still no go."
As he grew older, Gleason drifted from organized religion, although he didn't abandon it completely. He even visited Calvary Chapel when the church met in a tent at Fairview Street and Sunflower Avenue. He enjoyed the music but didn't meet Jesus. He just wasn't born with the belief gene.
"And I feel sorry for those people who have it because it's them," Gleason says. "It's your internal mechanism that you can feel. In fact, a lot of atheists that have had the experience of the Holy Spirit can re-enact that on cue. . . . It's not supernatural. It's not Jesus. It's not the Holy Spirit."
According to Gleason, many atheists are born with an anti-God gene. They are driven by a curiosity that causes them to question the world around them and not accept answers based on what he calls blind faith. To wit: They don't accept that a prophet named Jonah lived in the belly of a whale for three days, much less that a Jewish rabbi rose from the dead after a similar stretch of time. And trite answers about a creator fashioning the universe don't much suffice. "Our science is so much greater than anything religion has to offer," Gleason says.
He does, however, accept studies that support an atheistic worldview and scholarship that buttresses disbelief. (There are studies that show kids raised on belief are less creative, he says.) An avid reader of the so-called "Four Horsemen of New Atheism"—Harris, Dawkins, Daniel C. Dennett and the late Christopher Hitchens—Gleason says the more scholarly one becomes, the more questions one has.
And that leads many atheists to see the world through the lens of naturalism, the view that natural laws govern the universe, and if a supernatural being exists, it doesn't alter what we know of the world. Gleason is also a materialist, believing there is only matter and energy in the world and no transcendent being. "There's no logical argument [from theists] that doesn't end up with 'God did it,' and that is not an argument," Gleason argues. "It's just a position that there is no valid evidence to prove otherwise."
Gleason also believes prayer is bullshit. There's no evidence for it, he says. People might pray for something good to happen while others might just "hope" for it, and nothing more complicated than chance—a cosmic roll of the dice—determines the outcome. "You go into a hospital and pray," he explains. "I go into a hospital and hope that doctor knows his shit, right? Same thing, and it's the same outcome."
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The UR Bulldog Alert is a communications service used to quickly reach the campus community with urgent voice and text messages. It is used to send emergency alerts, notifications and updates to your e-mail address, campus phone, cell phone, pager, BlackBerry, PDA and/or other e-mail accounts, mobile devices, and emergency contacts. In the event of an emergency, such as a fire or earthquake, the University will be able to send important alerts and updates right to your e-mail box, cell phone, or mobile device.
Please visit the UR Bulldog Alert page to learn more about this communications service and to sign up for your own account.
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|Tagged Image File Format
|TIFF is a flexible image format that normally saves 8 or 16 bits per color (red, green and blue) for a total of 24 or 48 bits. TIFFs flexibility is both a feature and a curse, with no single reader capable of handling all the different varieties of TIFF files. TIFF can be lossy or lossless. Some types of TIFF files offer relatively good lossless compression for bi-level (black and white, no grey) images. Some high-end digital cameras have the option to save images in the TIFF format, using the LZW compression algorithm for lossless storage. The TIFF image format is not widely supported by web browsers TIFF is still widely accepted as a photograph file standard in the printing industry TIFF is capable of handling device-specific color spaces, such as the CMYK defined by a particular set of printing press inks.
|Most often used for lossless capability with LZW compression
|Large files
|Handles XMP, EXIF or IPTC
|Nikon E995
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|Nikon LS-50
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|Nikon COOLSCAN V ED
|Nikon NIKON D3S


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ROCKFORD — An arbitrator could settle a dispute about whether Winnebago County can afford to give its corrections officers a pay raise.
ROCKFORD — An arbitrator could settle a dispute about whether Winnebago County can afford to give its corrections officers a pay raise.
The decision to let an arbitrator settle the disagreement comes after corrections officers rallied outside the Winnebago County Courthouse and lobbied Winnebago County Board members last week to provide a raise officers have asked for since a 2008 job study showed they're paid less than their counterparts in the region.
"Winnebago County correction officers do an extremely difficult job at rates far below the market," said Richard Berg, staff representative for American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees Council 31. "It's about time that Winnebago County pay them the market rate for keeping our community safe."
In 2010, an arbitrator ruled the county owed its corrections officers roughly $2 more an hour once its financial records showed it had the ability to pay. Now the county and its officers are in a dispute over how the county does its bookkeeping.
At issue is whether the county's tort liability fund, which is restricted to pay for insurance, workers compensation and other liabilities, should be included when tabulating general fund revenues.
If the tort fund is included, general fund revenues totaled $52.3 million in September 2010, which would surpass the benchmark of $50.7 million the arbitrator said will trigger the raise. Take the tort fund out of those records and general fund revenues reached only $43.6 million, according to county records.
When the county testified to the arbitrator before his 2010 decision, it never included the tort fund in its general fund financial reports, County Administrator Steve Chapman said.
"It is quite evident in reading the arbitrator's decision and the basis for that decision as to what numbers he was referring to from the evidence presented," Chapman wrote in a July 13 message to AFSCME's attorney. "At no time was the tort liability fund mentioned by any of the parties or the arbitrator."
There are two other measures that would trigger a raise, the arbitrator decided in 2010 — if revenues from the 1 percent sales tax hit $28.4 million or if the general fund balance gets to $15 million.
This year's budget anticipates $26.9 million from the sales tax, $46.2 million in general fund revenues and an $11.3 million fund balance.
Chapman said the county would spend about $800,000 to provide the raise in the first year.
Since the 2008 job study, corrections officers have been dealing with higher inmate populations and fewer members of their own force. The jail's average daily population has increased about 37 percent — 281 inmates more per day — since 2008 with about 24 fewer corrections officers on staff.
"Winnebago County Jail is a dangerous place to work," Berg said. "It's extremely stressful, yet we pay them far less than surrounding counties where there is a light-duty job."
Page 2 of 2 - Berg also said the jail has high employee turnover because officers are trained in Winnebago County, but leave for higher pay elsewhere.
On May 24, the County Board passed a resolution meant to give officers part of the raise they're due. It was done in recognition of some positive sales tax trends and conditions corrections officers have endured because of higher inmate populations, Winnebago County Board Chairman Scott Christiansen said.
"They've been working so short-gunned over there and we appreciated that and we still do," Christiansen said.
But officers never received the would-be 51-cent per hour raise because the union did not sign the memorandum of understanding that would have allowed the extra pay. That's because the memo asked the union to agree that the target figures to trigger the full raise have not been met, to which officers objected. Signing the memo would have meant officers forfeited retroactive pay they believe they're owed back to 2010, when they feel the county hit the general fund revenue benchmark.
When the County Board voted in May to give part of the raise, "we all stood up and gave them a round of applause because of the hard work they do," County Board member John Cabello said last week. "We should reconsider and give them the 51 cents now to show them we're still having a good faith effort and that there is no bait and switch."
Kevin Haas: email@example.com; 815-987-1410
Year Average jail populations
2007: 703
2008: 758
2009: 801
2010: 856
2011: 960
2012: 1,039
Source: Winnebago County Sheriff
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I don't think there's any way they could make this game without getting funding from somewhere, and from the sound of it, publishers were completely uninterested in considerably more mainstream game ideas from Obsidian. If they wanted to make this game, they needed crowd-funding, so I don't see the problem. Crowd-funding for some of these bigger developers like Doublefine and Obsidian seems to be more of a way to break the publisher-developer model rather than a way to rake in extra money.The Last Paladin said:Hm, this particular project still rubs me the wrong way, which is why I'm not supporting it (doesn't really matter though at this point) but I really hope this turns out to be a great game for those who support this bad-boy.
I don't think they ever even implied that they had offered this specific project to publishers. They claim (and I believe them) that they have pitched considerably more mainstream games to publishers and been turned down. People (including me) backed this project on the promise of an old-school infinity engine -like game. It was clear from the start that they were only in the pre-pre-production phase of the project, still sketching out ideas . . . hence the projected 2014 release.The Last Paladin said:I understand the argument, believe me I do, still doesn't feel right to me. See, part of my problem is that they are really just "flushing" out the idea of the game, so to say that they were offering this game to other publishers who said no, isn't quite telling the truth, they didn't even have a plan in place. Granted, I'm sure the publishers would have turned down the ideal anyways for as you and I both know games like this aren't mainstream, but I highly doubt they put in as much effort as they said they did. Anyways, this game will be the chance to prove what they're really capable of when they don't have any hand-holding per say, let see what they can do...
I'm not sure what you're getting at. A company needs to be "truly" independent to use Kickstarter? Obsidian isn't attached to any publisher. What other sort of independence are you referring to? Misleading about their intention with the project? Like... they're not planning on making a game?The Last Paladin said:No, I really didn't have that much issue with Double-fine, mainly because I never consider them as mainstream as Obsidian. I know a lot more about the games Obsidian has been involved in compared to Double-Fine, and really I didn't even know about the whole kickstarter thing until the whole ordeal with Double-Fine (Now I can't get enough of kickstarter projects).
Maybe I'm being hypocritical, I won't deny that "could" be the case, but I just have a hard time buying Obsidian as a true indy company compared to someone like Double-Fine, what with the so-called AAA games they have been involved in in the very recent past. I just don't feel the same vibe of independence as I do from other companies, and quite honestly, I feel they're being a bit misleading about their intention with this project also. Maybe I'm wrong, and I won't feel bad if I am, I would rather be, but like I said, this project, more so than any other kind of rubs me the wrong way.
You're treading into "two wrongs make a right" territory and arguing something that's not the point. I didn't pay close attention to Double Fine's Kickstarter either and don't play adventure games, but its initial slant was definitely humble and emphasized that Schafer had been trying to make another adventure game for several years, but publishers kept shooting him down. They wanted $300,000 for the game and aimed low initially.Azilis said:Did the Double Fine kickstarter really start off with any more of a concrete plan than Obsidian's? Based on the text from their kickstarter page, it doesn't look like it, though I'll confess that I haven't followed their project very closely.
Not so much "two wrongs make a right" . . . it's just that I've heard people compare this kickstarter unfavorably with Double Fine's, and I just don't see much validity in those arguments. The major difference is the amount that they're asking for, and I assume that comes both from them knowing what other similar kickstarters have raised (specifically Wasteland 2) and the scale of the project they want to do (which will cost a bit more to produce than the Double Fine adventure).7thCircle said:You're treading into "two wrongs make a right" territory and arguing something that's not the point. I didn't pay close attention to Double Fine's Kickstarter either and don't play adventure games, but its initial slant was definitely humble and emphasized that Schafer had been trying to make another adventure game for several years, but publishers kept shooting him down. They wanted $300,000 for the game and aimed low initially.
Obsidian's Kickstarter was filled with hubris, giving details about the legacy of every person involved with Project Eternity. They promised a dream RPG that publishers wouldn't approve of had it been pitched to them, which it hadn't. All the people involved have been making WRPGs in the years since 2D isometrics died, unlike Double Fine which was kept from making adventure games. Obsidian wanted over $1,000,000 to make a game that will visually look like a 1998 game. It's a lifeline for free financial support for a company that's struggled at negotiating with publishers, not funding for a specific type of game a healthy company wants to make, but can't get funding for through the traditional route.
The only thing the Double Fine and Obsidian Kickstarters had in common was that they didn't give details about the game's concept, but "Tim Schafer Adventure Game" is much, much more specific than "2D Isometric WRPG." Torment and Icewind Dale's gameplay had almost nothing in common aside from being 2D WRPGs. Will Project Eternity be more of a long dungeon crawl, or a mature talk-a-thon? It can't be both. Obsidian has cleared this up over the last couple of weeks, and I love the interviews they've done including this one. Their initial plan had no ideas or details about the game, only emphasizing that a bunch of people who have been making WRPGs for decades will make another -- this time with free money. That prickled me.
Me too. Project Eternity the Kickstarter rubs me the wrong way; Project Eternity the game I'm looking forward to as I do all Obsidian's games. I'm most excited that Josh Sawyer is the lead designer for it. He doesn't quite have the name power of other Obsidian employees, but I loved the design ideas in New Vegas. I just hope the team doesn't let its ambitions get to big for the project.Azilis said:I guess what it comes down to for me, though, is that I trust Obsidian to produce a game I'll want to play.


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Finally, after days of teases and build-up, the first full trailer for the fourth season of "Game of Thrones" has arrived — and, well, it's a lot.
The upcoming season takes place in the aftermath of the Red Wedding, the crushing defeat of Robb Stark and the Northern army at the hands of Walder Frey and House Lannister. King Joffrey continues his horrible reign in King's Landing, but multiple forces are moving to make their plays for the Iron Throne. In the north, Mance Rayder and his army of wildlings march toward the great Wall of Westeros, defended by Jon Snow and the thinning ranks of the Night's Watch. Further east, Daenerys Targaryen takes her war on the slavers of Essos to the city of Meereen.
And that's just the events at a glance, not even scratching the surface of what was glimpsed in the trailer. We got our first look at Prince Oberyn Martell, the Red Viper of Dorne, destined to become the season's breakout star. We saw bits and pieces of the Battle of Castle Black, season four's answer to season two's Blackwater. We saw political intrigue in Meereen and King's Landing alike. We saw Jaime's golden hand, the beginning of the Purple Wedding, and more.
In short, there was a lot, too much to process in one viewing. In fact, let's go back and hit play one more time, shall we?
"Game of Thrones" returns on April 6.
What did you think of the "Game of Thrones" trailer? Tell us in the comments section below!


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If Feds Take Your Cattle & Property, YOU Become Cattle
- Uploaded by Kanaeta on Apr 10, 2014
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Government is using environmentalism to confuse the public and the Left/Right paradigm to divide the public so they can enslave us in an Agenda 21 future where we have no property and no rights. The last rancher — "the last man standing" — across the Mojave Desert to the Pacific Ocean, Cliven Bundy, is in a fight for his rights and your rights against a federal bureaucracy that's out of control. The government preaches "sustainability" and preservation of water and endangered species. But people who collect rainwater on their own property are fined and thrown into jail in Oregon. And in Florida, the government tries to evict a woman because she's off the grid using solar power and rainwater, citing violation of "international codes". And in Nevada, the same bureaucracy that is closing public lands to ranchers who have had grazing rights since 1877 in order to save a tortoise, is killing over a thousand of the same tortoises in their care. When the government takes your property, takes your cattle — YOU become cattle, dependent upon them for food. Follow Alex on TWITTER - https://twitter.com/RealAlexJones Infowars on G+ - https://plus.google.com/+infowars/ Like Alex on FACEBOOK - https://www.facebook.com/AlexanderEmerickJones :Web: http://www.infowars.com/ http://www.prisonplanet.com/ http://www.infowars.net/ :Subscribe for exclusive reports from Infowars Nightly News: http://www.prisonplanet.tv http://www.InfowarsNews.com Visit http://www.InfowarsLife.com to get the products Alex Jones and his family trust, while supporting the growth of our expanding media operation. NEW ITEM Lung Cleanse™ NEW ITEM Silver-Bullet - Colloidal Silver™ NEW ITEM Fluoride Shield™ NEW ITEM Super Male Vitality™ NEW ITEM Survival Shield - Nascent Iodine™ NEW ITEM Patriot Blend 100% Organic Coffee™ NEW ITEM Immune Support Blend 100% Organic Coffee™ All available at - http://www.infowarsshop.com/ INFOWARS MAGAZINE - LATEST ISSUE http://www.infowarsshop.com/-Infowars-Magazine_c_65.html INFOWARS HEALTH - START GETTING HEALTHY BEFORE IT'S TOO LATE - http://www.infowarshealth.com/


text: Entry Type ID Date Applicable Rating System Primary Credit Inquiry (LIs) Ruling (LIs) Related Addenda/LIs Related Resources Campus Applicable Internationally Applicable Country Applicability Reference Guide (Addenda) Page (Addenda) Location (Addenda) Description of Change (Addenda) "LEED Interpretation" "10247" "2012-10-01" "New Construction, Core and Shell, Schools - New Construction, Retail - New Construction, Healthcare, Commercial Interiors, Retail - Commercial Interiors, Existing Buildings" "EQp1 - Minimum indoor air quality performance" "We are meeting the IEQp1: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance with Option 2, CEN standards EN 15251:2007 and EN 13779:2007. The CEN standards provide minimum outdoor air requirements for most spaces but refer to local codes for certain specialty spaces such as parking garages. To meet the intent of the prerequisite, we propose using our local code requirements for garages, which is Teil 5 Garagen ("Section 5 – Parking Garages") of the Verordnung über Bau und Betrieb von Sonderbauten - Nordrhein-Westfalen ("Local Law of North Rhine-Westphalia for the Construction and Operation of Specialty Buildings"), dated 17 November 2009 (SBauVO). To meet this local code, our design will use demand control ventilation with carbon monoxide (CO) detectors to limit the CO concentration. Is this approach acceptable?" "**Update 10/01/2014: Ruling has been revised\n\n Yes, garage demand control ventilation is an acceptable ventilation approach for parking garages. This approach is acceptable for projects pursuing Option 2 (EN 15251 and EN 13779) of EQ Prerequisite Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance as well as the hazardous exhaust requirements in EQ Credit Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control. The demand control ventilation strategy must meet the following requirements:\n\n


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