text:
LOUISVILLE, Ky. Blake Bortles threw a 2-yard touchdown pass to Jeff Godfrey with 23 seconds left and Central Florida stunned No. 8 Louisville by rallying for a 38-35 victory on Friday night, ending the Cardinals' perfect start.
Down 28-7 midway through the third quarter, the Knights (5-2, 2-0 American Athletic Conference) scored three touchdowns in a 7:22 span to tie the game. Storm Johnson had a 1-yard TD run and a 20-yard reception for another score, and William Stanback ran 12 yards for the tying TD.
UCF then went in front on Shawn Moffitt's 34-yard field goal with 7:36 left.
Louisville (6-1, 2-1) reclaimed the lead on Dominique Brown's 15-yard run with three minutes to go, but the Knights drove 75 yards in 11 plays to take the lead for good on Bortles' TD and then held off the Cardinals' comeback attempt.
Teddy Bridgewater made one last desperate heave into the end zone as time expired, but the Heisman Trophy contender was unable to find anyone.


text:
Awesome: Mazinkaiser SKL
Inexact title. See the list below. We don't have an article named Awesome/MazinkaiserSKL, exactly. We do have:
If you meant one of those, just click and go. If you want to start a Awesome/MazinkaiserSKL page, just click the edit button above. Be careful, though, the only things that go in the Main namespace are tropes. Don't put in redirects for shows, books, etc.. Use the right namespace for those.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- 137Promote
iPhone Cases
Meresideby Mark Nelson
Protect your iPhone with a one-piece, impact resistant, flexible plastic hard case featuring an extremely slim profile. Simply snap the case onto your iPhone for solid protection and direct access to all device features.
wow! this is beautiful!
Beautiful! I especially love it on the phone skins : ) Reminds me of the Grand Tetons and Yellowstone!
Really exquisite shot!
gorgeous b&w, Mark...just divine!
Thank you!!! Everybody. Tried to make this work in colour but b & w just seemed to suit it
Wow! Wonderful shot Mark! Yes, B&W is great!
Very nice image!
beautiful beyond words!
Fabulous B&W, Mark.... so many details and the contrast and details are spot on.
Nice work.
I think this is perfect. Thank you, sir.
wonderful work.
✯ ✯ ✯ ✯ ✯ 👍 !!!
wonderful shot
This is fabulous!
Great shot! Love the reflection!
Really love this...
perfect capture Mark
Great capture!
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text:
John Adams on the Way to Holland
He is gone to Holland to try, as he told me, whether something might not be done to render us less dependent on France.
How does one tackle writing about John Adams, this most remarkable and exceptional Founding Father? Once he was almost forgotten but in recent years he has been held in high esteem. The facts are at hand in the biographies: his birth into a simple Puritan family living on the outskirts of Boston, along life ( 1735-1826), a rapid career as a lawyer, a radical during the Revolution and even before. But he also demonstrated a sense of fairness: he defended the English soldiers on trial for their part in the "Boston Massacre" of 1770. A member of the Continental Congress in 1774 and of its committee that drew up the Declaration of Independence in 1776, he was sent to France in 1778 as one of the American commissioners and returned there in 1779. Back home in the meantime, he was the author of the constitution of Massachusetts. His activity never halted.
In 1780 he came to Holland and two years later was recognized as the American minister, the first envoy of the United States to the Netherlands. In 1783 he joined Franklin and John Jay in Paris to conclude peace with England, going there as the first American ambassador. He returned to his homeland in 1788 to become the first vice president, serving under Washington for eight years and then following him as a second president ( 1797-1801). He then withdrew into private life. He died in 1826 at the age of ninety-one.
His wife, Abigail, was at his side for almost all of these years. In a biography of John Adams, Abigail needs special attention, for his marriage was a remarkable one. His wife was an exceptional woman, with a personality of her own and feminist tendencies; she was his equal in every


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My name is Karyn and I am new to the group. I joined in hopes of meeting up with other moms. I am technically a single mom (my daughters father lives with us but we arent together and he doesnt do a whole lot). I am unemployed right now and dont get out much and would love to meet some other moms who I can relate to and talk to.
I am in serious need of socialization!
I'm from GR as well... I am married but my husband is currently in Georgia until the end of May so I'm kind of doing the mommy thing on my own. I only have one child and he is 7 months old. I am a stay at home mom, I quit working right before I had Kolton. Not sure if we have alot in common but wouldn't mind finding people who I can relate to either. I need some sort of other conversation once in a while other then baby talk! :o)
My daughter is almost 7 months old so we have a little in common. Plus Id be happy to talk to anyone who can actually talk back!
Jaime ��� Ethan's Own Site!� My Hemangioma Page
Married to Greg since 8-9-08
Mommy of Ethan James born 1-29-11
I live on the NW side. I dont know if you know where Little Mexico is but i live about a mile or so from there
Not too far from me!!! I live on the NW side too.. Do you have family here??
My whole family is here except for 1 sister who lives in Florida.My mom is very involved with my daughter. What about you, do you have family around here?
All of my family is here... My sister and I had our boys 2 months apart so we talk alot and spend alot of time together.. and I'm also extremely close with my mom.. The only person NOT here right now is the one I need and thats my Husband... but he'll be home late May... So are you looking to go back to work or do you plan on being a sahm? I worked at a bank before I quit to have ds in Georgia.
Welcome to the group! I'd love to have a little adult conversation too. My daughter is 4 1/2 months old now and I am a SAHM for a little while longer. I have to go back to work sometime in May and I am not looking forward to it. I can't imagine what you going through not having your husband here; mine works during the day but I look forward to the little break I get when he gets home it must be hard not having that.
I want to stay home with my daughter as long as I can. I worked in a medical skin care clinic and it closed while I was pregnant. Im getting unemployment right now but I will have to start looking for a job soon because my daughters dad doesnt really help out.
Blaskowskij - It is very hard.. but we have our routine and my family would be more then willing to help out if I asked for it.. He keeps me busy and I am no longer home alone which is great. My husband is a Drill Sgt in the Army. He is reserves but got activated for a year last January and they just extended him until May. I was with him until December. We thought he was coming home.. but the Army had other plans. :o( I couldn't imagine having to go back to work. That has to be really hard!!!
Karyn - I'm really sorry he doesnt help out. That really sucks. Are you going to look for the same type of job? What exactly did you do? ((Sorry, just trying to make conversation!))
What do you ladies have planned for the weekend?? I have my nieces 4th birthday party on Saturday... Thats about all the excitement I'll be getting this weekend! haha


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Neurotensin (NT) is known to act on dopamine (DA) neurons at the somatodendritic level to regulate cell firing and secondarily enhance DA release. In addition, anatomical and indirect physiological data suggest the presence of NT receptors at the terminal level. However, a clear demonstration of the mechanism of action of NT on dopaminergic axon terminals is lacking. We hypothesize that NT acts to increase DA release by inhibiting the function of terminal D2 autoreceptors. To test this hypothesis, we used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FCV) to monitor in real time the axonal release of DA in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc).
DA release was evoked by single electrical pulses and pulse trains (10 Hz, 30 pulses). Under these two stimulation conditions, we evaluated the characteristics of DA D2 autoreceptors and the presynaptic action of NT in the NAcc shell and shell/core border region. The selective agonist of D2 autoreceptors, quinpirole (1 μM), inhibited DA overflow evoked by both single and train pulses. In sharp contrast, the selective D2 receptor antagonist, sulpiride (5 μM), strongly enhanced DA release triggered by pulse trains, without any effect on DA release elicited by single pulses, thus confirming previous observations. We then determined the effect of NT (8–13) (100 nM) and found that although it failed to increase DA release evoked by single pulses, it strongly enhanced DA release evoked by pulse trains that lead to prolonged DA release and engage D2 autoreceptors. In addition, initial blockade of D2 autoreceptors by sulpiride considerably inhibited further facilitation of DA release generated by NT (8–13).
Taken together, these data suggest that NT enhances DA release principally by inhibiting the function of terminal D2 autoreceptors and not by more direct mechanisms such as facilitation of terminal calcium influx.
Neurotensin (NT) is a peptide originally isolated from bovine hypothalamus [1]. It is found in the CNS and gastrointestinal tract. In the CNS, NT acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator and one of its better known actions is to modulate dopaminergic transmission within the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways [2]. In addition, a number of studies suggest that NT may be implicated in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and drug abuse [2-5].
Considerable efforts have been made to characterize how NT acts to enhance dopamine (DA) release. When applied to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), NT increases the firing rate of DA neurons and DA release in terminal fields of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and the prefrontal cortex[6-8]. Moreover, acute microinjection of NT into the VTA enhances motor activity and facilitates DA-dependent behaviors[5,6,8]. At a mechanistic level, recent work has established that somatodendritic NT receptors enhance the firing rate of DA neurons through a Ca2+-dependent mechanism [9].
At the terminal level, NT also acts to enhance DA release. First, anatomical evidence for a presynaptic localization of NT receptors has been provided [10-12]. Second, NT facilitates K+-evoked and electrically-evoked DA release in dorsal striatal slice preparations [13,14] as well as in dorsal striatum in vivo [15]. These results support a presynaptic effect of NT on DA neuron axon terminals, but previous studies have not identified the mechanism involved or excluded an indirect mechanism of action. Recent work studying glutamate cotransmission in cultured DA neurons failed to provide support for a direct excitatory effect of NT on axon terminals [16]. In addition, a previous preliminary report failed to detect an enhancement of DA release evoked by single electrical pulses in NAcc slices [17]. Thus, the mechanism of action of NT on dopaminergic axon terminals remains unclear.
In the present study, we used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FCV) to better characterize the presynaptic action of NT in the NAcc. We find that although NT fails to increase DA release evoked by single pulses, it strongly enhances DA release evoked by pulse trains that lead to prolonged DA release and engage D2 autoreceptors. Our results suggest that NT acts to enhance DA release by inhibiting the function of terminal D2 autoreceptors.
Time course of DA overflow evoked by single-pulses and train-pulses in the nucleus accumbens
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used to monitor DA release at high time resolution in the shell and core/shell border region of Sprague-Dawley rat NAcc slices. We recorded DA overflow following single-pulse (400 μA, 1 ms) and in response to train-pulse stimulations (30 pulses delivered at 10 Hz), a frequency that can occur during bursting in vivo (Fig. 1A). The released substance was identified as DA since the oxidation currents recorded corresponded to the peak oxidation potential for DA (~+600 mV) (Fig. 1B). With train stimulation, DA concentrations peaked at 1.13 ± 0.18 μM (n = 5). DA concentrations rose to a maximum within ~400 ms (n = 5). The return to baseline was reached approximately 6 seconds after the peak signal and the signal width at half-height was ~2.2 s (n = 5). With single-pulse stimulation, DA levels reached a peak at 0.48 ± 0.09 μM (n = 5). DA concentrations rose to their maximum within ~200 ms (n = 5). The return to baseline was observed approximately one second after the peak and the signal width at half-height was ~0.4 s (n = 5). A significant difference was detected between the two stimulation conditions for the peak DA levels reached (Student's t-test, t = 5.07, p < 0.001). As expected, the release of DA evoked by electrical stimulation of the NAcc was blocked by TTX (1 μM) (15.3 ± 8.2% of control, n = 3) and was thus action potential-dependent, as well as by the removal of extracellular calcium (17.2 ± 11.0% of control, n = 6, with 0.5 mM Ca2+; and 10.5 ± 6.4% of control values, n = 2, with 0 mM Ca2+) (Fig. 2).
Figure 1. Time course of evoked DA overflow in the nucleus accumbens. A) Average evoked DA overflow following single-pulse (400 μA, 1 ms/pulse, n = 5) and train-pulse (400 μA, 0.1 ms/pulse, 30 pulses at 10 Hz, n = 5) stimulations. B) Sample cyclic voltammogram. The voltammogram was obtained at the peak of evoked DA overflow under control conditions. The positions of the oxidation and reduction peaks are compatible with the fact that the species detected was DA.
Figure 2. Dependence of DA overflow on cell firing and extracellular calcium concentrations. Graph comparing the time course of DA overflow following train-pulse stimulations under control conditions (2.4 mM calcium) (n = 5) or in the presence of 1 μM TTX (n = 3), 0.5 mM calcium (n = 6) or 0 mM calcium (n = 2).
NT facilitates DA overflow evoked by train-pulses but not by single-pulses
We next evaluated the effect of NT on electrically-evoked DA overflow in the NAcc. Using single electrical pulses, we found that at a saturating concentration [9], NT (8–13) (100 nM) failed to alter DA overflow (94.4 ± 5.5% of control; Student's t-test, t = 0.23, p > 0.05, n = 5), suggesting that DA release is not directly facilitated by NT (Fig. 3A, B). In sharp contrast, using train-pulse stimulation, NT significantly enhanced peak DA overflow to 143.1 ± 6.8% of control (Student's t-test, t = 3.98, p = 0.001, n = 13) (Fig. 3A, C). The facilitatory effect started to decline before the end of the period of agonist application: DA concentrations recorded after 8 min of NT application were lower than after 6 min (one-way ANOVA performed on time, T = 0 to T = 36, followed by post hoc Tukey tests, F = 13.81, p < 0.001). This observation is compatible with the known ability of type 1 NT receptors (NTR1) to desensitize in response to sustained stimulation [18]. In accordance with this, the preferential NTR1 antagonist SR42948 (1 μM) completely prevented the facilitatory effect of NT (peak overflow 100.8 ± 5.7% of control; t = 0.376 p > 0.05, n = 5) (results not shown).
Figure 3. Neurotensin facilitates train pulse- but not single pulse-evoked DA overflow in the NAcc. A) Graphs representing the average amplitude and kinetics of single-pulse (lower traces) and train-pulse (upper traces) evoked DA overflow in the presence of NT (8–13) (100 nM) compared to control. B) Time course of peak DA overflow evoked by single electrical pulses. NT (8–13) (100 nM) was applied for a total of 8 min. It exerted no effect on single pulse-evoked DA overflow (n = 5). C) Time course of peak DA overflow evoked by train pulses. NT (8–13) strongly enhanced train-evoked DA overflow (n = 13). Data are expressed as a percentage of the DA levels recorded during the control period before NT.
NT enhances DA release through inhibition of D2 autoreceptor function
Previous work has suggested that NT may decrease terminal D2 receptor function [16,19-21]. One interpretation of the ability of NT to facilitate train-evoked but not single pulse-evoked DA overflow is therefore that NT acts principally by inhibiting the function of terminal D2 autoreceptors. This would imply that contrarily to train stimulation, D2 autoreceptors are usually not activated in response to single pulse stimulation, as was previously demonstrated [22-25]. To evaluate this hypothesis under our conditions, we next quantified evoked DA overflow using selective agonists and antagonists of the D2 autoreceptor. The D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (1 μM) decreased pulse train-evoked DA overflow to 27.9 ± 2.5% of control (Student's t-test, t = 12.33, p < 0.001, n = 3) (Fig. 4A, B) and single pulse-evoked DA overflow to 19.8 ± 8.7% of control (Student's t-test, t = 10.24, p < 0.001, n = 4) (Fig. 4C). In contrast, the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (5 μM) enhanced DA release triggered by pulse trains (175.3 ± 4.1% of control; Student's t-test, t = 14.4, p < 0.001, n = 8) (Fig. 4A, B), but had no effect on DA overflow evoked in response to single pulses (87.3 ± 1.7% of control values, Student's t-test, t = 1.40, p > 0.05, n = 4) (Fig. 4C).
Figure 4. Activation of D2 autoreceptors during train pulse- but not single pulse-evoked DA overflow. A) The graphs represent the average amplitude and kinetics of train-evoked DA overflow in the presence of 5 μM sulpiride (left) or 1 μM quinpirole (right). B) Graph showing the effect of the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (1 μM; n = 3), and the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (5 μM; n = 8) on DA overflow following pulse-train stimulation. Activation of D2 receptors by quinpirole inhibits peak DA overflow, whereas the blockade of these receptors by sulpiride considerably enhances it. C) Graph comparing the effect of quinpirole (1 μM; n = 5), and sulpiride (5 μM; n = 4) on DA overflow evoked by single-pulse stimulation. Under these conditions, D2 receptor activation also inhibits DA overflow, but D2 receptor blockade has no effect.
We next tested whether NT still increased DA overflow following D2 receptor blockade. We first applied sulpiride (5 μM) alone and found that it increased DA levels to 181.5 ± 3.1% of control values (n = 10) (Fig. 5A). With sulpiride present in the bath, NT (8–13) (100 nM) produced only a minor additional increase in DA levels (to 194.1 ± 4.6% of the control level, n = 10), thus reflecting an almost complete block of the facilitating effect of NT (Fig. 5A, B). A one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey tests revealed a significant difference between control and these two conditions (sulpiride and sulpiride + NT) (F = 3.57, p < 0.05). A specific comparison of the enhancement of DA overflow by NT in the presence of sulpiride (12.7 ± 4.3% above sulpiride alone) or in its absence (43.1 ± 6.8% above control) shows that the effect of NT was strongly decreased under autoreceptor blockade (Student's t-test, t = 3.51, p = 0.002). These results suggest that the majority of the facilitatory effect of NT on DA release is mediated through inhibition of D2 autoreceptor function.
Figure 5. NT enhances train-pulse evoked DA overflow through inhibition of D2 autoreceptor function. A) Sulpiride (5 μM) alone was first pre-applied. With sulpiride present in the bath, NT (8–13) (100 nM) was introduced for a total of 8 min. The graphs represent the average amplitude and kinetics of train pulse-evoked DA overflow recorded during the control period (left), in the presence of sulpiride alone (middle) and in the presence of both NT (8–13) + sulpiride (right) (n = 10). Sulpiride alone enhanced peak DA overflow by 81% compared to control. In the presence of sulpiride, NT (8–13) only caused a small additional increase in DA levels (by 13% compared to the sulpiride alone condition) (n = 10). B) Summary graph showing the time course of the effect of NT (8–13) on peak DA overflow evoked by train-pulse stimulation following D2 receptor blockade by sulpiride (n = 10).
Releasable pools of DA are not depleted in the presence of sulpiride
Pulse trains generate considerable DA release in the NAcc brain slice in the presence of sulpiride (maximal increase of 2.2 μM in the presence of both sulpiride and NT). The blockade by sulpiride of the ability of NT to facilitate DA release could thus in principle be an artefact resulting from a ceiling effect due to depletion of the releasable pools of DA or to the inability to further increase release probability. To test this possibility, we pre-applied sulpiride (5 μM) and then introduced a modified aCSF containing an elevated concentration of calcium (3.4 mM Ca2+). Sulpiride first increased DA overflow to 173.6 ± 6.9% of control levels (n = 7) (Fig. 6A). Elevation of extracellular Ca2+ to 3.4 mM in the presence of sulpiride produced an additional increased to 258.1 ± 15.1% of control (n = 7) (Fig. 6A, B). A one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey test confirmed significant differences between the control, sulpiride and 3.4 mM Ca2+ conditions (F = 5.57, p < 0.001). The maximal DA release detected with sulpiride and elevated Ca2+ exceeded 3.0 μM. Thus, the blockade by sulpiride of the ability of NT to facilitate DA release is not likely to simply result from a depletion of releasable pools of DA or to an inability to further increase release probability.
Figure 6. Releasable pools of DA are not depleted in the presence of sulpiride. A) The graphs represent the average amplitude and kinetics of train pulse-evoked DA levels measured in the presence of sulpiride (5 μM) alone (+74% above control, n = 7) or sulpiride in the presence of an elevated concentration of extracellular Ca2+ (3.4 mM) (+ 84% above sulpiride alone, n = 7). B) Summary graph showing the time course of the effect of an elevation of extracellular Ca2+ to 3.4 mM (for a total of 8 min) with pre-applied sulpiride (5 μM) in the bath (n = 7).
Although multiple aspects of the action of NT at the cell body level in the VTA have been investigated [26-28], the mechanism of action of NT on dopaminergic axon terminals is still unclear. The present results provide new insight into the mechanism mediating the facilitation of DA release by NT at the level of axon terminals in the NAcc. We show that this mechanism implicates a decrease by NT of the effectiveness of terminal D2 autoreceptors that normally inhibit DA release. We also demonstrate that the effects of NT on DA release differ greatly depending on the electrical stimulation parameters used to elicit this release. On the one hand, NT fails to alter DA overflow triggered by single pulses in the NAcc. On the other hand, NT strongly enhances DA release evoked by pulse trains that generate prolonged DA release and strongly engage D2 autoreceptors.
An indirect mechanism can be discounted
NT is known to facilitate K+ and electrically-evoked DA release in dorsal striatal slice preparations [13,14] as well as in vivo [15]. Although these observations imply a presynaptic effect of NT on dopaminergic axon terminals, previous results have not excluded an indirect mechanism of action. For example, NT could act through receptors located in the striatum on other elements than dopaminergic axon terminals. These receptors could for instance be located on corticostriatal glutamatergic axon terminals. If this were the case, NT could facilitate the spontaneous release of glutamate, which would then enhance DA release by depolarizing dopaminergic axon terminals. Although we cannot formally exclude this possibility or other possible indirect mechanisms, a major role for glutamate in mediating the ability of NT to enhance train-evoked DA overflow is not easily reconcilable with our observation that this facilitatory effect of NT is blocked in the presence of the D2 antagonist sulpiride. However, we cannot exclude a possible partial implication of postsynaptic D2 receptors located on NAcc medium spiny neurons, through some retrograde signaling mechanism.
Action of NT on axon terminals
Previous experiments have explored the characteristics of DA D2 autoreceptors under different stimulation conditions varying the pulse/train duration or interpulse intervals, but didn't directly address the issue of the control of DA release by NT at the terminal level [22-25]. Nonetheless, a previous preliminary report showed that NT fails to enhance DA release evoked by single electrical pulses in NAcc slices [17], and suggested that DA release is not directly facilitated by NT. This previous report is consistent with our observation of an apparent lack of effect of NT on DA overflow evoked by single pulses. Although this finding could be taken as arguing against a role of terminal NT receptors in regulating DA release, our findings using train pulse-evoked release shed light on this paradox by showing that NT acts instead to enhance DA release by inhibiting the function of terminal D2 autoreceptors. Our results support a recent report in which the authors monitored glutamate co-release in cultured DA neurons and found that NT does not directly increase glutamate release, but rather attenuates the function of presynaptic D2 receptors that otherwise inhibit glutamate release [16].
Two of our present findings argue in favor of the hypothesis that NT mainly acts to enhance DA release by inhibiting the function of terminal D2 autoreceptors. First, we show that only pulse train-evoked DA overflow is facilitated by NT. This observation is compatible with previous reports showing that a minimum of 150–300 milliseconds is required for D2 autoreceptor activation to inhibit DA release, conditions that are satisfied during train stimulation, but are not optimal to inhibit release induced by single short pulses [22-25]. In our experiments, the lack of facilitation by sulpiride of single-pulse evoked DA overflow is in favor of this interpretation. Second, we demonstrate that the facilitating effect of NT on pulse train-evoked DA overflow is almost completely prevented by pre-blockade of D2 receptors. An alternate interpretation of this later finding is that in the presence of sulpiride, the releasable pools of DA become depleted during stimulus trains or the release probability cannot be further increased, thus masking any subsequent facilitating effect of NT. Considering our observation that elevating extracellular Ca2+ strongly enhances DA overflow after pre-application of sulpiride, this hypothesis of a ceiling effect is unlikely. Nonetheless, we cannot completely exclude that releasable pools of DA are modified in elevated extracellular Ca2+. Alternate explanations of the ability of D2 receptor blockade to prevent the facilitating effect of NT on DA release thus cannot completely be discounted.
Together, our results thus suggest that in the NAcc, NT acts mainly by inhibiting the function of terminal D2 autoreceptors, leaving room for only a minor contribution of an additional mechanism. Although this second mechanism is presently unidentified, the capacity of NT receptors to mobilize intracellular Ca2+ in DA neurons [9] leaves opens the possible implication of a Ca2+-dependent priming of synaptic vesicles. Although we have not directly examined the dorsal striatum in the present experiments, our results are compatible with previous biochemical and in vivo microdialysis work also suggesting that NT acts to inhibit the function of terminal D2 autoreceptors in the dorsal striatum [19-21,29].
In the present study, we found that the preferential NTR1 antagonist SR48692 prevented the facilitatory effect of NT on train-evoked DA overflow. Although we cannot exclude a partial contribution of the type 2 NT receptor (NTR2), our finding is compatible with previous data showing that DA neurons of the VTA and substantia nigra express abundant levels of NTR1 [30,31], but only modest amounts of NTR2 [32]. Second, the excitatory effects of NT on DA neurons are maintained in NTR2 knockout mice but strongly decreased in NTR1 knockout mice [33]. Compatible with this, SR48692 has been shown to block the ability of NT to increase the firing rate of DA neurons in culture [9]. Finally, SR48692 blocks the ability of NT to reduce the effect of the D2 agonist pergolide on extracellular DA levels in the striatum in microdialysis experiments [29].
In summary, our results provide a better understanding of the mechanism of action of NT on dopaminergic axon terminals. We suggest that NT through its type 1 receptor enhances DA release mainly by inhibiting the function of D2-type autoreceptors, thus disinhibiting DA release. Future experiments should be oriented toward identifying the specific mechanism involved, such as heterologous desensitization of the D2 autoreceptor by NTR1 or direct receptor-receptor interactions.
Animals and slice preparation
Experiments were performed in accordance with the Université de Montréal animal ethics committee guidelines. Sprague Dawley rats, aged 4 to 6 weeks, were lightly anaesthetized with halothane and decapitated. Their brains were rapidly removed and transferred into ice-cold artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) containing: 125.2 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 26 mM NaHCO3, 0.3 mM anhydrous KH2PO4, 2.4 mM anhydrous CaCl2, 1.3 mM anhydrous MgSO4 and 10 mM D-glucose. NAcc brain slices were then cut on a VT 1000s vibratome (Leica Microsystems, Nussloch, Germany) at a thickness of 400 μm. The brain slices were separated into right and left sections at the mid-sagittal line after transfer to a holding chamber. Slices were allowed to recover for 1 hour at room temperature in the holding chamber in oxygenated (95% O2, 5% CO2) aCSF and then transferred to a custom-built recording chamber and perfused (1 ml/min) with aCSF at 35°C. For experiments performed in the absence of extracellular calcium, the composition of the zero calcium saline was NaCl 140 mM, KCl 5 mM, MgCl2 4 mM, EGTA 1 mM, Hepes 10 mM, Sucrose 4 mM, Glucose 10 mM.
Electrochemical recordings
Freshly-cut, disk carbon fibre electrodes of 5 μm diameter were fabricated according to procedures described by Kawagoe et al. [34] and by Kuhr and Wightman [35]. Electrodes were backfilled with a 4.0 M potassium acetate solution. The background current ranged from 50 to 180 nA. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used to monitor DA release [36]. A triangular voltage waveform (-400 to +1000 mV at a rate of 300 V/s) was applied to the electrode every 100 ms and was computer-controlled using Clampex 9 software and a Digidata 1200B analog to digital converter (Axon Instruments, Union City, CA). This voltage ramp was applied to the electrode via an Axopatch 200B amplifier (Axon Instruments, Union City, CA) in voltage-clamp mode. The background-subtracted voltammograms were used to identify the released substance. Prior work has also established that the primary catecholamine released in the rat NAcc slice is DA [37]. Calibration was performed in vitro for each working electrode before and after the experiment in a 1 μM DA solution, quantifying the peak of the oxidation current after adding DA.
Electrical stimulation
Single-pulse or train-pulse electrical stimulations were generated by an S-900 stimulator (Dagan, Minneapolis, MN) and computer-triggered. Stimulations were applied to the NAcc brain slice through a twisted bipolar tungsten stimulation electrode (Plastics One, Roanoke, VA). The 2 stimulating electrode tips were separated by 100 to 150 μm and were gently placed on the surface of the NAcc brain slice using a micromanipulator (Newport, Fountain Valley, CA). Single-pulse (1 ms) and train-pulse (10 Hz, 30 pulses, 0.1 ms/pulse) stimuli were then generated to evoke DA release. Pulse amplitude was 400 μA for both single and train pulses.
Experimental design
The recording chamber was connected to a temperature-controlled perfusion and aspiration system. The carbon fibre electrode was then inserted ~75 μm into the slice by a piezoelectric micromanipulator (Burleigh Instruments, Victor, NY) and placed at approximately 100 μm in front of the central position of the stimulating electrode tips. After insertion of the carbon fibre electrode, the slice was allowed to recuperate for at least 5 minutes before starting recordings. Electrical stimulations were applied at intervals of 2 minutes. The first 10 minutes served as a control period. The peak of each response was measured and plotted over time.
Drugs and chemicals
Chemicals were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) except for tetrodotoxin (TTX) (Alomone laboratories, Jerusalem, Israel). The 8–13 fragment of NT was used as a NT receptor agonist. It was used at a concentration of 100 nM, shown to produce maximal effects in previous studies [9]. The D2 receptor agonist quinpirole was used at a saturating concentration of 1 μM, while the antagonist sulpiride was used at a saturating dose of 5 μM, since numerous previous physiological studies use these ligands in the micromolar dose range [38-40]. Most drugs were stored in aliquots at -20°C as stock solutions and dissolved into aCSF immediately before use. Calcium, magnesium and glucose were freshly added to the aCSF, which was pre-oxygenated before use.
Statistical analysis
Data are provided as mean ± SEM, with n representing the number of slices. Simple two group comparisons were performed using Student's t-test. Multiple group means were compared by analyses of variance (ANOVA), followed by a Tukey post hoc test. The minimal significance level for tests was set at p < 0.05. Graphs are expressed in percentage of control, where the control for each slice represents the average of [DA] recorded in normal saline before the entrance of the drug (T = 0 to T = 8). The response after a drug application was then analysed by comparing the maximal effect of the drug with the corresponding time of the control graph.
List of abbreviations
NT: neurotensin; DA: dopamine; FCV: fast-scan cyclic voltammetry; VTA: ventral tegmental area; NAcc: nucleus accumbens; aCSF: artificial cerebrospinal fluid; TTX: tetrodotoxin; ANOVA: analysis of variance; NTR1: type 1 neurotensin receptor.
Authors' contributions
CSF and PM and DL carried out the cyclic voltammetry experiments, performed data analysis and helped to draft the manuscript. LET conceived of the study and was responsible for the coordination of the project and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This work was supported by grants (MOP-49591) from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) to L.-É. Trudeau and by an infrastructure grant from the FRSQ to the Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central. L.-É. Trudeau is supported by a senior scholar award from the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec (FRSQ). Charbel Simon Fawaz received support from the CIHR, delivered by way of the Summer Scholarship Program of the Université de Montréal. Damiana Leo was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade of Canada. We wish to thank Marie-Josée Bourque for her help with drug preparation and animal maintenance, Shouwei Yang for his helpful suggestions for preparing brain slices and Drs. Pierre-Paul Rompré and Laurent Descarries for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.
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Figure 5.
Glial phagocytosis of microspheres. Canine glia showed phagocytosis of microspheres. OB-OECs (A), OM-OECs (B) and SCs (C) contained 6 to 18 microspheres as indicated by confocal z-axis series analysis. XY, XZ, and YZ projections revealed that the microspheres were taken up and engulfed by the canine glia. OB-OECs, OM-OECs and Schwann cells incubated 2 h at 4°C showed no signs of engulfed microspheres indicating that phagocytosis is absent at low temperature (data not shown). Cells are stained against p75NTR (red) and DAPI (blue). YG microspheres appear cyan due to fluorescence in the blue and green spectrum. Scale bar is 10 μm.
Roloff et al. BMC Neuroscience 2013 14:141 doi:10.1186/1471-2202-14-141


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Residents want more information, town board agrees
Heated public comment led to a surprising turn of events at the Elbridge Town Board meeting Wednesday Sept. 16, when the board was expected to approve an agreement with the town of Camillus to create a Coordinated Assessment Program. The Camillus Town Board passed the resolution to enter into a CAP with Elbridge at its Sept. 8 meeting. The agreement, if passed by the Elbridge board, would have become effective Oct. 1 and allowed both towns to qualify for state incentive money.
But instead of voting, residents' dissatisfaction with the town's methods caused Supervisor Ken Bush to retract his motion and put the agreement temporarily on hold.
Taxpayers want more information
Residents Dan Conroy and Doug Blumer, who both regularly attend board meetings, agreed that they supported the idea of the CAP and annual revaluations in the town. But they did not approve of how the agreement was nearly a done deal, and there had been no public meetings or public information on the topic.
The board defended itself, stating there was no legal obligation on the town's part to hold a public hearing or discuss the move in public meetings.
The crux of that argument was that the CAP agreement would replace Elbridge town assessor Larry Fitts with Camillus' assessor, Celeste Karakas, who would work full-time for both towns under the contract. Because of the hiring-and-firing nature of the agreement, Bush and Councilor Rita Dygert both said the matter was a personnel issue and the town does not normally go to the public with such changes.
But Conroy and Blumer saw things differently.
"This is changing the way the town does business," Conroy said. That made it more than a management decision, in his view, and he questioned the board's intentions by keeping the agreement "secret."
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*edit* abortions, no spanking, out of control kids and lazy parents
Well I got to go to bed now, it was nice chatting with you ladies... I have to homeschool my children, and we are going to take family pics tomorrow of all of us and all of my children, and we are going to spend the day with my mom and dad while my dad teaches my dd how to ride her bike without training wheels...
So goodnight ladies and enjoy the conversations among yourselves :-)
What is this world coming to???
People are bragging about having multiple abortions, and don't believe in spanking but yet are on here asking for advice about how to deal with their out of control children... and parents are just being lazy...
Women grow up and learn how to parent, and find ways to not get pregnant so there would be no need for an abortion, keep your legs closed and stop having sex....there are all of these problems now that just came up in children that are mental, but the real problem is the parents, not the child...
First grow up and become an adult in your brain before preocreating or opening your legs up to the first loser who comes around.... and stop being so lazy...
I have never seen so many crazy people that I have seen on cm
Quoting Anonymous:
Lol @ preocreating!
Because we all know birth control never fails, ectopic pregnancies are a myth, medical disorders are lies, and it's impossible to have sex with your knees together. Nope, there's totally never a legitimate reason to have an abortion like ever.
Quoting Anonymous:
No my dear, it sounds like you are... people know what causes pregnancies and if you don't want to get pregnancy then keep your legs closed and don't have have sex or find ways like birth control and do other things to prevent pregnancy... that is common sense my dear
Quoting slashteddy:
"ways to not get pregnant" "no need for an abortion" "keep your legs closed"
Wow you're an idiot.
I can promise you those crazy people are all around you the internet just gives them anonymity.
Oh shut up already.
There are many ways to parent other than the methods you think are correct


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Eric Schudiske on July 2, 2013, 9:40 am
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Trackable Week
The earned, never for sale, Geocacher of the Month geocoin (sun flare optional)
From vlogging about geocaching, to geocaching events, to coveted geocache hides, the nominees for Featured Geocacher of the Month offer a custom-made welcome mat to new geocachers. They help craft unforgettable experiences. This is your opportunity to help name the Featured Geocacher of the Month.
Each Featured Geocacher of the Month will receive an exclusive special edition Featured Geocacher of the Month Geocoin, hat and profile icon. They'll also receive a certificate acknowledging their contributions, signed by two of the founders of Geocaching.com.
In May, OHMIC was named the Featured Geocacher of the Month. OHMIC has been geocaching since 2008. One geocacher who commented about OHMIC wrote, "He has hosted many training sessions for new cachers and he has also organized numerous caching events. OHMIC's annual Cache the Marsh event is a favourite of new and seasoned cachers alike, and is renowned around Manitoba."
OHMIC – Geocacher of the Month May 2013
Now it's your turn to help us select the next Featured Geocacher of the Month. Write a supportive comment at the bottom of this blog for the geocacher you feel should be awarded the title.
Each geocacher named below is already a winner. They will receive a prize package from Geocaching HQ. A panel of folks from Geocaching HQ will then use your comments to help guide the decision of which geocacher is awarded the Geocacher of the Month honor.
Here are your nominees for the June Featured Geocacher of the Month. Some testimonials have been edited for length.
Cache Cracker Jacks – Nominees for May Geocacher of the Month
Logan Childress, aka altosaxplayer, writes, "I would like to nominate Cache Cracker Jacks from Kingsport, TN… In the 14 months since they started caching, Tom and Dori have found over 1200 caches and placed 83 for others to find, a good portion of which are custom created containers…as well as an area favorite "Excalibur" which has so far received a favorite point from each cacher who has logged it.
They have introduced several individuals to the sport, chiefly through their weekly volunteer work at geocache friendly Bays Mountain Park, the largest city-owned park in the state of Tennessee, and their new monthly event initiative. So far in 2013, they have held an event each month except February, with the events for the rest of the year already planned and soon to be listed on the website. They work with local restaurants for hosting the events to bring cachers to places they perhaps haven't been before and to support our local businesses.
They are doing this in hopes of fostering a feeling of family in our geocaching community as well as attracting non-cachers to the sport."
fredrikhast – nominee for Geocacher of the Month
Jenny Nordqvist, aka jempas.se, writes, "I'd like to nominate the Swedish geocacher fredrikhast for Geocacher of the month! … Not only does he hold the record for most favourite points in his town, he also holds the 1st place in the entire state.
Numbers aside, Fredrik and his geocaching buddies in Team Cache Us If You Can frequently organizes events with elaborate themes, jam packed with fun stuff and breathtaking hides.
Fredrik often uses multimedia to enhance the experience for geocachers visiting his geocaches, whether it's a trailer promoting the cache itself or building websites that expand the universe for the cache. It's stuff like that that makes you want to log a cache twice!
As a father of a child with mental disabilities, I know he tries to put out hides to satisfy all types of geocachers, including the ones in a wheelchair.
Another thing Fredrik does for the geocaching community is vlogging about his geocaching adventures (Swedens only, in fact). I bet his videos are a big inspiration for beginners who just found out about this sport and go searching for info on Youtube!"
BITZLAV – Nominees for Geocacher of the Month
RAVILLOIS nominates French geocachers Bitzlav for Featured Geocacher(s) of the Month. The couple has been geocaching since 2009. RAVILLOIS writes in French, "Bitzlav est connu en France, Lorraine, pour l'ingéniosité de ses caches. Au delà du nombre important de caches qu'il possède il rend le géocaching encore plus attrayant car il imagine sans cesse de nouvelles boites. Faire des caches de Bitzlav est devenu un sport national chez nous. Malgré tout, il a su rester modeste.
ENGLISH: "Bitzlav is known in France, Lorraine, for the ingenuity of their geocaches. Beyond the large number of geocaches, they have made geocaching even more attractive because they are constantly imagining new geocache containers. Finding geocaches by Bitzlav has become a national sport here in France. Nevertheless, they still remain modest."
Comment below to tell us who you think should be the June Featured Geocacher of the Month. We will be accepting comments through July, 17.
If your nominee wasn't recognized here, please submit your nominations again next month. We're always looking for the next Geocacher of the Month. To nominate a geocacher, send an email to email@example.com and include the following information:
Please inform your nominee that you have submitted them for the award. Nominations for the next Featured Geocacher of the Month should be received by July 15. Once Geocaching HQ has received the nominations, we will choose the top candidates and post them on the blog. You will then get a chance to champion your favorite. Our goal is to involve the entire geocaching community in this process so that we might learn from each other.
« Now Boarding for Geocaching GeoTours
Happy Independence Day! – Granite Rushmore (GC33JW4) – Geocache of the Week »
We vote for the Cache Cracker Jacks
Cache Cracker Jacks get my vote. Event though I live in Iowa, I have been down to TN and appreciated the effort they take in every cache they place. And through FB I know how they strive to promote the sport/hobby/obsession. CCJ are truely worthy of the honor of cacher of the month!
My vote goes to Fredrikhast
The Cache Cracker Jacks are a fun team from the wilds of far eastern Tennessee. I cast vote in their direction.
I enthusiastically vote for Cache Cracker Jacks !!!
Cache Cracker Jacks gets my vote!
My vote goes to CacheCrackerJacks!
fredrikhast has my Nye for the amazing work and caches.
I vote for fredrikhast
I have to vote Cache Crackerjacks. They make really cool caches, from traditional to multi to epic puzzles. If you think you've seen it all then try "White Noise (GC3WQK1)". They do a lot of volunteer work at a local state park, Bays mountain and have placed lots of great and different caches there. My favorite cache of all is "Excalibur(GC3YJ27)" and it can be found there. They have monthly events during weekdays because most events are held on weekends and I work weekends. They brought me and my son into the game and I can attest they really love the game, and help out any one who needs help. When cachers have came in from out of town, they have volunteered to be like tour guides to all the great caches in their area. Above all else, we are blessed to call them friends.
Fredrikhast has my vote
I vote for fredrikhast.
Je vote pour l'équipe Bitzlav
Fredrikhast should be geocacher of the month June 2013
+1 Fredrik Hast
My vote go to Fredrik Hast 😉
Bravo les voisins lorrains j'espère faire encore vos belles boîtes à binetôt
fredrikhast the cacher in Sundsvall that puts out the most Amazing things you can imagine…
fredrikhast 4 persident!
Cache Cracker Jacks our area is so beautiful and folks that try to get more people involved in getting out and enjoying it are doing the whole world a favor
Cache Cracker Jacks
CCJ all the way! I would love to get the Excalibur!!!
My vote goes to Fredrik Hast.
Cache Cracker Jacks!
I say Cache Cracker Jacks!!
I can't think of anyone who cares more about the game than The Cache Cracker Jacks. They welcomed me into the world of geocaching, and it is more fun than I ever expected. They put so much time and concern into what they make. They space out Park and Grabs with extraordinary puzzles and multi caches. I never expected anyone so nice to be doing something so cool. And from what I hear, The Cache Cracker Jacks have no plans on slowing down.
CCJ knows how to play,
Trophonios Tracker
I vote for fredrikhast!
Fredrik hast Will have my note. He has the favorit list highscore fore a reason.
Fredrik Hast Will have my wote. Why…. Well he have favorit points highscore fore a reason.
my pic would be for Cache Cracker Jacks from Kingsport, TN because being some what local to me i see the cache's they plant around here and the events they host to promote to try and bring in people to the hobby
Fredrikhast. A bit more then a year ago I moved from The Netherlands to Sundsvall and decided to start geocaching again to explore the region. Not only did i find out that there's a lot caches around in the area, most are actually of very high quality and many are being placed and maintained by the most active team I ever saw before. It felt like ending up in GeoCaching paradise. Fredrik and his team motivate both geocachers and other cache owners to get the most out of their hobby. Fredrik and his team have really succeeded in bonding all active geocachers in the region with their events and endless stream of quality caches.
Cache Cracker Jacks!! I am planning to go up there to find "Excalibur" for my next milestone and grab the 100 day streak cache as well. Have heard many good things about these guys. GO CCJ!
I vote for fredrikhast. Been following his vlogg.
I vote for Fredrikhast!
I vote for Fredrik Hast. When he does something he likes, he burns for that!
fredrikhast for all his inspiring vloggs
Fredrik Hast, the Geocache Wizard of Punksvall!
[:)][:)][:)] B I T Z L A V [:)][:)][:)] des camouflages plus ingénieux les uns que les autres,ils nous font découvrir des endroits magnifique dans chacune de leurs caches. toute la team Lore se joint à moi pour voter pour ce couple de géocacheurs vraiment sympathique et génereux… si il devrait y avoir un mot synonyme de géocaching….. c'est BITZLAV [;)]
My vote is for Fredrikhast. Having so many favorite points for his caches means that each is created with TLC and a lot of imagination. People like him inspire me to do my best and to have fun Geocaching. It's people like Fredrikhast that make the Geocaching community a great group to belong to.
I Think Fredrikhast should get the titel geocacher of the month för all of his adventure in geocaching.
I put my vote for Fredrikhast.
Bitzlav bien entendu, sa femme me taperait si je ne vote pas pour lui
My vote goes to CCJ for helping to bring together a geocaching community.
Fredrik Hast should win!!!
Fredrikhast without a doubt!
Nous sommes très touchés de lire tous les logs de nos amis géocacheurs de France ou d'ailleurs. Un GRAND MERCI à tous – Etre nominés est déjà un honneur. Bonne chance aux équipes
We are touched to read all the logs of our friends géocacheurs of France or moreover. One THANK YOU in all – To Be nominated is already an honor. Good luck to the teams
I vote for Fredrik Hast
Fredrik for ever!
I vote for Cache Cracker jacks
Fredrikhast have enhanced my geocaching experience thé most of all cachers! Keep up the good work!
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Matthew Michael's Salon and SpaRead MoreAn Aveda "Lifestyle" salon, Matthew Michael's Experience promises a relaxing escape with every visit. The staff has been carefully chosen for both their technical skill and their style savvy, and their treatments for men and women incorporate products derived from flower and plant essences. In addition to the haircuts and coloring treatments, the stylists offer their "sensory rituals," which include hand and scalp rituals that follow through with the salon's mission of turning salon visits into holistic experiences that enhance the body and the mood. By combining these rituals with beautifying treatments and Aveda's plant-based products, Matthew Michael's Experience offers an opportunity to transform their looks while simultaneously achieving balance.2693 West Osceola ParkwayKissimmee, FL US
Infinite Health & Spine CenterRead MoreDr. Luis Del Rio and the crew at Infinite Health & Spine Center not only relieve structural and muscular issues with traditional chiropractic adjustments, but also attempt to stop pain before it starts. The clinic's own weight-loss program can alleviate some of the pressure placed on spines and muscles, sparing clients future back problems. When pain is already present, licensed massage therapists knead bodies with five different types of massage. The entire staff is bilingual, so they can consult with patients in either Spanish or English, though a single syllable of Italian makes them cry in confusion.201 E Ruby Ave.Kissimmee, FL US


text:
iHerb Customer Reviews
Customer Ratings
Reviews 4-star
Sort By
Items 1-3 of 3 total
Not bad
1 person found the following review helpful
Posted by 4736589548158568296 on Oct 23, 2012
love the cinnamon in this product as it is beneficial for arthritis, great for blood sugar issues
Posted by Reviewer2898524 on Dec 10, 2013
Posted by Reviewer3153499 on Jan 25, 2012
I used to take just chromium piccolinate. I like they are now combined.
Items 1-3 of 3 total


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Wed., November 14, 2012 6:13am
Farmers Get New Tax Break
Agriculture Commissioner Gary Black will appear Wednesday at the Georgia Farm Bureau in Macon to urge growers to apply for a break exempting them from paying sales tax on the materials needed to grow their goods. That tax break starts Jan. 1 and is part of a package of tax changes that state lawmakers approved this year.
Full Story
©Copyright 2015, Georgia Public Broadcasting. All Rights Reserved
Georgia Public Radio®


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Rondo profiled
This week on NBA Access with Ahmad Rashad, the show follows four young players who because of trades, injuries or their own development, are all facing higher expectations from their teams.
Viewers will get exclusive access with second-year point guard on the league's hottest team - Rajon Rondo of the Boston Celtics. Cameras captured Rajon in practice and in games, getting instruction from coach Doc Rivers and interacting with the "Big Three" of Kevin Garnett, Paul Pierce, as well as Ray Allen who said this about Rajon, "There will be times when I say something to him and I try to make sure I'm not too overbearing. You've got to give him space and he has got to learn and make the mistakes he's going to make. But I just reel him in and let him know that we support him. He's a teammate of ours so the better he is the better we all are."
Young players making their mark, on NBA Access with Ahmad Rashad. ... this Sunday at 12:30pm WCVB-TV.
- Gary Washburn, NBA writer
- Baxter Holmes, Celtics beat writer
- Gary Dzen, Boston.com senior sports producer


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- BoliviaClothingFunding via Emprender
30 De Septi...BoliviaClothingFunding via Emprender
Vera LuciaBoliviaClothingFunding via Emprender
Juntas Por Una Vida Mejor 2 Group
The loan will benefit small businesses in Delia's group. She says that she is just joining Pro Mujer; She joined through the invitation of one of the institution's advocates who formed a group in her area. Today she has a blanket and sweater weaving business. She learned this craft from her mother several years ago, and now she makes and sells these same products.
The loan she is currently requesting is to increase her merchandise (buy wool wholesale) which she will acquire from the markets in the city of El Alto, and subsequently make products to sell to clients on request. This work will provide her with income to support her family, as she lives with her partner and two children.
When asked what she likes about Pro Mujer, she responds that she likes the savings offered by the institution.
El crédito que sacaran beneficiara a pequeñas microempresarias donde la señora Delia es integrante, ella indica que es la primera vez que integra Pro Mujer, ingresando por la invitación de una promotora de la institución que fue a su zona y formo un grupo. En la actualidad ella tiene un negocio de tejido de mantas y chompas; da a conocer que este negocio lo aprendió de su madre, hace varios años, ya que ella producía y comercializaba estos mismos productos.
El crédito que ahora sacará es para el aumento de capital (compra de lana por mayor) que adquirirá de las ferias de la ciudad de El Alto y posteriormente a la elaboración lo comercializará a pedido de la clienta. Esta forma de trabajo le permite generar recursos para apoyar a su familia, ya que ella vive en unión libre y tiene dos hijos.
Cuando se le consulta qué le gusta de Pro Mujer, ella responde que le gusta el ahorro que ofrece la institución.
Additional Information
This is a Group Loan
In a group loan, each member of the group receives an individual loan but is part of a larger group of individuals. The group is there to provide support to the members and to provide a system of peer pressure, but groups may or may not be formally bound by a group guarantee. In cases where there is a group guarantee, members of the group are responsible for paying back the loans of their fellow group members in the case of delinquency or default.
Kiva's Field Partners typically feature one borrower from a group. The loan description, sector, and other attributes for a group loan profile are determined by the featured borrower's loan. The other members of the group are not required to use their loans for the same purpose.
About Bolivia
145View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 9 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- May 5, 2014
- Listed
- Jun 10, 2014
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Possible
- Ended:
- Dec 17, 2014


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This is the same stuff the multiculties told the formerly great Britain, France, Germany, Spain and Italy. And you know what? I ain't buying it. And here's what I propose: I say Muslims trip over themselves and prove they love our country, freedoms and rights. I say they leave all their "unique" customs and laws that don't coincide with our views of women, liberty, justice and human rights back in the country they left to come here. I say that they adapt to us wholeheartedly and not utter a peep about how they hate America. If they do the aforementioned, great … welcome to our world. If they don't … we deport them back to whatever Suckistan they came from. God help us to learn the lesson Cameron, Merkel and Sarkozy are now screaming at us and refuse to follow the example of Europe and allow for separate Muslim enclaves in which radical weirdness can fester and turn into a national nightmare.
15 Excerpts That Show How Radical, Weird And Out of Touch College Campuses Have Become | John Hawkins
People who approve publishing lists of gun owners cry foul over published list of Muslims | Jazz Shaw


text:
Showing Suppliers 1 - 9 of 9
Cole-Parmer (28 Products)
Address: 625 East Bunker Court, Vernon Hills, IL
Business Type: Distributor
Description: Since 1955, Cole-Parmer has been a leading global source of laboratory and industrial fluid handling products, instrumentation, equipment, and supplies. We are proven experts in the fields of temperature measurement and control, electrochemistry, and fluid handling. Our products are sold throughout... (more)
Aakash Chemicals
Address: 561 Mitchell Road, Glendale Heights, IL
Business Type: Manufacturer, Distributor
Eager Plastics, Inc.
Address: 3350 W. 48th Pl., Chicago, IL
Business Type: Manufacturer
Fortune International Technology
Address: 5883 Chatham Drive, Hoffman Estates, IL
Business Type: Distributor
Global Colors, Inc.
Address: 1455 President Street, Glendale Heights, IL
Business Type: Manufacturer
ITW Polymers & Fluids
Address: 3600 West Lake Ave., Glenview, IL
Business Type: Manufacturer
Keystone Aniline Corporation
Address: 2501 W. Fulton Street, Chicago, IL
Business Type: Manufacturer
Peacock Colors, Inc.
Address: 1000 W. National Ave., Addison, IL
Business Type: Manufacturer
Solomon Colors, Inc.
Address: 4050 Color Plant Road, Springfield, IL
Business Type: Manufacturer


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I understand high rates on race weekend but $225 a night for this place is not with it. I will drive an hour or more foe the next race before I spend another night here.
Review collected in partnership with Super 8
Older hotel d at ed tools shows age. Staff friendly and helpful. Breakfast nothing fancy or hot but free
The hotel is very outdated, but you get what you pay for. The hotel and my room were clean. The staff was nice. The breakfast was cereal, waffles, various pastries and bagels. I have a had better hotels that were cheaper, and I've had worse hotels that cost more. It is worth the price.
I am a private contractor who stays here every other week, because I work for a local business. I enjoy my stay here. This hotel has new management who really care about their patrons. They bend over backwards to accommodate their customers.
Smelly. Bad part of town. Rude staff lights didnt work. Wanted to charge for extra towels. Dirty. Barefoot men clipping toenails in lobby at midnight drinking alcohol. Not good for children. Needs updating. Breakfast is a lie
I was worried about staying here after reading reviews. However, the staff was friendly and allowed us to check in hours early. Which was great because we had nothing to do for hours and it was freezing outside. It's dated but clean-that's what is important. Would stay again.
The king size bed rooms are decent, good location in town, AC units should be checked for cleanliness upon arrival, furthermore, there are bugs in the restrooms so lights are normally left on during visits. Exterior doors to the hotel do not lock so security is lacking in that area but there are cameras in the hallways.
First of all, we were charged over 4 times the normal rate because it was NASCAR race weekend. The hallways and room had such a terrible odor, I had to buy some frebreeze. Very run down facility, dirty, bath towels had holes in them, Wi-Fi does not work, says no IP address, very stingy with the coffee, mattress must be...


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Searched for: "how do i use secure copy for file encryption in windows"
About 26 results for "how do i use secure copy for file encryption in windows"
Cloud security and compliance trends in 2015, according to Vormetric's C.J. Radford
C.J. Radford predicts the usage of cloud applications will accelerate in 2015, says data-at-rest protection is imperative for enterprise cloud deployment, and more in this Q&A.
Pro tip: Securing your Apple ID and iCloud with two-step verification
Jesus Vigo explains how to enable two-step verification for your Apple ID and protect your sensitive data in iCloud.
Andrognito: Hide files and folders with 3-layer encryption on your Android device
If you're looking for a third-party app to hide your sensitive files, Jack Wallen has just the solution for you in Andrognito.
Easy steps for better Google Drive security
In light of the recent iOS cloud breach, it's imperative to secure your Google Drive account. Jack Wallen offers up a few tips to help tighten down Drive.
Securely back up personal files with Duplicati: Q&A with the open source client's creators
The authors of Duplicati, an open-source file backup client, discuss the impetus for the creation of their project, keeping data secure in the cloud, and backup integrity with incr...
What NSA spying on Google means for your business
The NSA has been revealed to be collecting data from the communication links used by Google and Yahoo data centers. What does this mean for you and your business?
Alternatives to the BYOD free-for-all
Deb Shinder discusses some of the things you should consider before implementing BYOD in your organization.
Google Wallet: Where it's been and where it's going
Google Wallet is an evolving online service that facilitates shopping for consumers and transactions for merchants. Learn more about how it works.
Five ways to protect yourself in a multi-device, multi-platform world
In the wake of Wired reporter Mat Honan's digital disaster, you should revisit your security strategy for "living online." Here are best practices for repairing the weakest links i...
Save time: Use Google Apps with Microsoft Active Directory
Moving to Google Apps doesn't mean having to recreate user accounts. Learn how you can leverage your existing Active Directory for easy setup.


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- Equipment World - http://www.equipmentworld.com -
Sleipner excavator transporting systems
Posted By Kerry Clines On December 5, 2012 @ 12:14 pm In New Products from Better Roads,Newsletter Road Product Showcase,Uncategorized | No Comments
[1]Sleipner's innovative system for transporting tracked excavators in open-pit mines and quarries is essentially a dolly system consisting of ramps with axles and large wheels. One end of the excavator's tracks is driven onto the ramps so that the tracks are lifted from the ground. Then the excavator turns around and places the boom on the bed of a dump truck so that the other end is raised from the ground by the boom. The excavator can then be easily and quickly moved to another location, reducing wear on the excavator's undercarriage and tracks. There are 11 models covering excavator weights from 30 to more than 550 tons. Most models incorporate different ramp sizes to fit different excavator brands and models. The newest model, E550, is the largest and can move 550-ton and larger excavators.
Sleipner Finland Oy; www,sleipner.fi [2].
Article printed from Equipment World: http://www.equipmentworld.com
URL to article: http://www.equipmentworld.com/sleipner-excavator-transporting-systems/
URLs in this post:
[1] Image: http://www.aggman.com/files/2012/11/Sleipner.jpg
[2] www,sleipner.fi: http://www.sleipner.fi
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2012 Equipment World -- Development. All rights reserved.


text:
I'm single never married no kids love to cook , hunt , ride motorcycles , go out or stay in , I can fix just about anything , love to watch movies have a huge dvd library anything else feel free to ask!
Join OkCupid
Find better matches with our advanced
Find better matches with our advanced
matching system
—% Match
—% Enemy
43 • Lincoln Park, MI • Man
I'm looking for
- Women
- Ages 26-44
- Near me
- Who are single
- For new friends, long-term dating
My details
- Last online
- Nov 24, 2013
- Orientation
- Straight
- Ethnicity
- White
- Status
- Single
- Height
- 6' 2" (1.88m)
- Body Type
- A little extra
- Smoking
- Yes
- Drinking
- Often
- Drugs
- Never
- Religion
- Agnosticism and it's important
- Sign
- Sagittarius
- Education
- Space camp
- Offspring
- Doesn't have kids but wants them
- Pets
- Has cats
- Speaks
- English (Fluently)
My self-summary
Write a little about yourself. Just a paragraph will do.
What I'm doing with my life
Don't overthink this one; tell us what you're doing day-to-day.
lead logistics coordinator in a leading steel transport company , home owner
I'm really good at
Go on, brag a little (or a lot). We won't judge.
Cooking , hunting , mechanics ,
The first things people usually notice about me
I'm an empty essay… fill me out!
I'm a big guy
Favorite books, movies, shows, music, and food
Help your potential matches find common interests.
John sanford prey books , spencer for hire , tony hillerman . Movies way too many to list.music metal ,metal and more metal. Food I love to cook too many differrent to list
The six things I could never do without
Think outside the box. Sometimes the little things can say a lot.
Diet coke , deer season , xbox 360 , friends , family ,my motorcycle.
I spend a lot of time thinking about
Global warming, lunch, or your next vacation… it's all fair game.
The zombie apocalypse.
On a typical Friday night I am
Netflix and takeout, or getting your party on — how do you let loose?
Could be at work or out depending what week it is I work 4 on 4 off 12hrs shifts so it changes every week.
The most private thing I'm willing to admit
I'm an empty essay… fill me out!
Jaws terrified me so badly I don't go in the water
You should message me if
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If your not into games and your looking for longterm
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text:
1999 sportster 1200 kit. 5200 miles bike is in excellent condition runs great!!
This bike is priced to sell and will move quickly. I also have a 2003 FXDL with only 16,000 miles and over $6000 into the motor priced at $10,000 firm. Please call or text ASAP if interested ask for Chris
$4000 firm
Oct 9 -
Sacramento :
16K miles
$6000 into Moto work
This bike has lots of custom stuff done super fast this bike keeps up with CBR 600s
$10K firm, no I won't take $9800 you will love this bike!!
I also have a 99 sportster well hundred runs great for thousand dollars new battery call, text or reply to this ad if interested in either
Please call me, Chris
Brand new, still in origanal box, never been used.
Oct 2 -
Sacramento :
We'll be sending text message alerts for your subscription to


text:
- Filed Under
Despite a still rocky economy, more students are choosing to get an education from North Central State College, according to an unofficial enrollment headcount.
More than 3,000 students started classes today, representing an 8.6 percent increase in enrollment since fall 2012.
For the fall 2013 academic semester, nearly a third - 971 of the 3,021 enrolled students - are new to the Mansfield campus, according to the unofficial count. Of the total student count, 941 are continuing students, 820 are continuing from the prior term and 286 are returning students who have been enrolled sometime ...


text:
That, is awesome!
The World is at war. Who's or what is the technology used? ... ... Mega Corp. A sinister Corporation bent on continuing the war efforts of the UN and the shady faction 'Last Settlers'... The UN hatches a scheme of scanning over Mega Corp's Head Locations, slowly destroying the corporation's roots. Will the UN Succeed in reuniting the world? Will 'Last Settlers' get what they want? Will Mega Corp succeed in enslaving Humankind with Danmaku Technology?


text:
Online ISSN 1552-4485; Print ISSN 0033-569X
Continuous dependence on the reaction terms in porous convection with surface reactions
Abstract | References | Similar Articles | Additional Information
Abstract: We investigate continuous dependence of the solution on the coefficients of the reaction terms for the problem where convection in a saturated porous medium is primarily due to chemical reactions on the boundary. Such boundary reaction terms are not obviously controllable by the usual arguments involving integrals of the functions themselves over the interior domain. Continuous dependence is established for a porous medium of Brinkman type in a general three-dimensional setting.
Retrieve articles in Quarterly of Applied Mathematics with MSC (2010): 35B30, 76S05, 76V05
Retrieve articles in all journals with MSC (2010): 35B30, 76S05, 76V05
Additional Information


text:
You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your ReverbNation experience.
Sons of Dirt we'll be at this years Last Band Standing. May 3rd at the Century Center.
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text:
Reviews - South Sands Boutique Hotel
Price FromView Rooms
Customer Reviews
Our reviews are from genuine LateRooms.com customers. We verify that the customer has stayed before leaving a review.
Very Good
100% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
Excellent Beachside Hotel
Excellent hotel.
Warm and friendly. Clientele of mostly 60++. Beautiful setting right on beach superb views from dining room. Very enjoyable for mid week break.
Read More Less
Great Place
Staff were very friendly, chilled out and helpful.
Food - excellent.
Read More Less
South Sands Boutique Hotel
Fabulous weekend, wonderful location, ideal for walking the coastal path, would recommend the hotel to anyone.
Relaxed and convivial
Room and bathroom excellent.
Charming, couteous and efficient staff.
Read More Less
Weekend break
Excellent location,right on the beach,near yo Salcombe, National Trust property Overbecks and plenty of walking areas.Great.
Simon from somerset
A lovely hotel in a great spot.
Staff were friendly and polite, the hotel was spotlessly clean and has a good relaxed atmosphere. Wake up to the lapping of the sea a few yards from your window. We paid a reduced price through laterooms.com and it was pretty good value for money - not so sure I would have paid full price to be honest, for that price you could get great hotels with more amenities. Be aware there's nothing much else within a short walk, so be prepared to either jump in the car or eat at the hotel restaurant, which is very good by the way, especially if you like fish.
Read More Less
Room with a view
We had a luxury room we could watch the sea from our bed and listen to it from the 2 juliet balconies.
The restaurant provided mainly sea food which was first class. Service was excellent without being being intrusive. Wine was a little expensive. Rather busy in season but this was for my birthday.
Read More Less
Just Perfect!
Returned for the second year -this time we booked a sea view room, instead of overlooking the car park.
Room 18 was smaller than we had last time but nonetheless, very clean and had all we needed, plus a great view of the sea. The food was up to the same standard as last year (Excellent), mainly fish, which we both loved. Beautifully cooked and served by the friendly, cheerful staff.
Thank you South Sands- will be back again!
Read More Less
Fabulous hotel
Absolutely fantastic hotel, perfect location and really helpful staff.
Only one tiny criticism, I am vegetarian and my daughter doesn't eat fish so the food choices were very limited. We ate there 2 nights of our stay, the vegetarian option (there was only one) was lovely but it was the same meal the second time.
Read More Less
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- 1
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Police Enforcement
Tickets and Cash
> Illinois: High-Ranking Cop Caught Lying About DUI Arrests
Illinois: High-Ranking Cop Caught Lying About DUI Arrests
Des Plaines, Illinois police commander charged with lying and failing to meet state-mandated DUI arrest quota.
A former police commander in Des Plaines, Illinois was brought up on charges last Wednesday by prosecutors who say he lied about drunk-driving (DUI) arrests. According to US Attorney Gary S. Shapiro, Timothy J. Veit was caught creating 122 bogus drunk driving arrests in an effort to boost the police department's revenue with federal overtime payments. Between 2009 and 2012, the effort generated $132,893 in bogus payments.
The source of the funds was the US Transportation Department's Sustained Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP), which funnels federal gas tax dollars through the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) to bankroll traffic ticket-writing blitzes that typically take place on holiday weekends. Veit was in charge of his department's STEP campaign, which meant he had to meet a clearly specified traffic ticket quota to qualify for the monetary reward.
"IDOT notified STEP grant recipients of the performance objectives for the STEP enforcement campaigns, which performance objectives included that the grant recipient average at least one Driving Under the Influence (DUI) arrest for every ten hours of overtime worked by law enforcement officers on impaired-driving enforcement campaigns," Shapiro wrote in his charging document.
As part of the funding agreement in the STEP program, local police departments must provide a detailed monthly report updating federal officials on the progress of ticket-writing blitzes. Veit signed and dated these compliance reports as well as a number of reimbursement requests. Prosecutors claim Veit claimed 27 DUI arrests in 2009 when there were only 13 arrests made. The next year, he turned 8 arrests into 47. In 2011, 8 DUI arrests became 62, and, last year, one arrest became 16. Each bogus arrest included made up blood-alcohol content readings.
City officials discovered the discrepancy in March 2012 and allowed Veit, who is 55, to retire in April. Since 2009, Veit had collected over $40,000 in overtime himself. Veit is charged with one felony count of making false statements, which carries a maximum penalty of five years in prison and a maximum fine of $250,000, though he is likely to serve less time under federal sentencing guidelines.
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: Driving politics


text:
Banteay Srei
Stunning carvings
What we say:
The temple of Banteay Srei or the Citadel of the Women, boasts superbly well-preserved and highly intricate stone carvings that adorn the pink-hued sandstone of the delightfully small and intimate site.
Inside the volcanic laterite outer walls, virtually every available surface is covered in carvings with a predominance of apsaras — celestial nymphs in Hindu tradition — from which the temple takes its name. It has its own picturesque lotus bud towers too, but what makes Banteay Srei all the more remarkable is that it was completed some 150 years before Angkor Wat in the year 967.
Banteay Srei, never a royal temple, is thought to have been built by a guru of the king and it is believed that this lack of a royal go-ahead is one of the reasons why it is so small. What Banteay may lack in size it more than makes up for in beauty. Some have suggested that the temple was built by women as no man could have created something so beautiful and with so fine a hand. The carvings cover an incredible amount of the temple's surface and the reliefs are often deep.
As with many Khmer temples, the main sections of Banteay Srei were built of laterite, but instead of the carving being done into a plaster coating normally layered onto the stone, the temple was faced with pink sandstone and the carvings done into that. The results are breathtaking. Throughout the monument are lintels, door jambs and window columns all layered with amazingly well executed and preserved carvings.
When the French came across the site in 1914 it was totally covered by forest and partly buried by earth. It didn't take them long to realise they'd stumbled upon an outstanding find, so outstanding in fact that French author Andre Lalraux decided to take a chunk of the temple home with him. He cut out over a tonne of the finest apsaras and other carvings and carted them back to Phnom Penh where he planned to surreptitiously freight his plunder back to France. Fortunately he was arrested and sentenced to a couple of years in prison (a term he never served) and the carvings were saved. Lalraux was later appointed Minister of Culture under Charles de Gaulle.
At about 25 kilometres from town the journey in a tuk-tuk should take less than an hour each way and cost you in the region of $20-$25 including any stops you might make en route. If you splash out on a car with English-speaking driver you can expect to pay up to $40 for the privilege of air conditioning, some useful words of guidance and a cooler full of bottles of iced water. It's best to check exactly what is included when you book your driver.
On arrival you may be pleasantly surprised to find a very well organised complex with a large car park, official gift shops, wall-mounted site plans, clean, modern toilets, souvenir stalls and restaurants. If you want to stay for lunch, restaurant menus include all the usual Khmer rice and noodle staples, and although prices were listed from $5 upwards, on my recent visit we were instantly offered "anything on the menu" for just $3.
Early morning or late afternoon are the best times to visit to avoid any tour buses but if the temple entrance looks busy when you arrive, turn right instead of left and take the short circular walk around the small wetland nature reserve. It's a haven of birdlife – at the right time of day and year — and provides a peaceful and shady walk along good paths with various viewpoints on wooden piers constructed over reedy lakes.
The path from the lake to the temple also takes you past a small raised platform that gives you a clear view over the temple's outer walls and moat for a good chance of capturing that elusive stranger-free photo.
You will of course need a temple pass to access Banteay Srei and unfortunately the only place you can buy one is at the main Apsara Authority ticket office on the road from Siem Reap to Angkor Wat. Which is not exactly the most direct route from town to Banteay Srei.
To save time, buy a three-day pass when you tackle The Big Three on day one. It costs the same as two single-day passes – currently $20 for one day and $40 for three — and it gives you the luxury of being able to take your time and see more than the average package tourist. You could even mix up some half-day temple visits with a lazy afternoon by the pool, a spot of shopping or a long lunch without feeling guilty about the cost of your pass.
What's more a three-day pass can also be used on any three days within a seven-day period which means you don't need to spend any consecutive days at the temples if you don't want to. Dare I say it, it's one of the few pieces of Apsara Authority logic that actually works in favour of the tourist.
There are plenty of other ways to get value out of your three-day pass such as the lesser-known temples of Banteay Samre, Preah Palilay and Ta Nei, but Banteay Srei is a good one to start with.
More details32km from Siem Reap
Simon is fluent in English, Spanish and French, but to date he has only mastered a few carefully chosen words of Khmer, like "Food" and "Beer" and "Fat".
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Banteay Srei map
Banteay Srei
32km from Siem Reap
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Sights in Angkor
Ak Yum
Angkor Gondola
Angkor Thom
Angkor Wat
Baksei Chamkrong
Banteay Kdei
Banteay Prei
Banteay Samre
Banteay Srei
Banteay Thom
Baray Reach Dak Community Tour
Beng Mealea
Chau Say Tevoda
Chau Say Vibol
East Baray
East Mebon
Kbal Spean
Krol Ko
Krol Romeas
Neak Pean
Phimeanakas and the Royal Palace
Phnom Bok
Phnom Krom
Phnom Kulen
Prasat Kravan
Pre Rup
Preah Khan
Preah Ko
Preah Palilay
Preah Pithu
Srah Srang
Suor Prat
Ta Keo
Ta Nei
Ta Prohm
Ta Som
Tep Pranam
Terrace of Elephants
Terrace of the Leper King
The Bayon
Wat Athvea
West Baray
West Mebon
The above sights are all the sights in Angkor we list on Travelfish.org.


text:
Breaking Bad Final Half Season
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August 31 2013, 02:47 PM
Rear Admiral
Location: the real world
Re: Breaking Bad Final Half Season
They ended the episode with a threat we already know will not be carried out. There's a technical term for this: Anti-climax.
By the way, on the issue of contrivances, the chances that no one found out about the money being given away are zero. Jesse should have had any number of people offering him matches in hopes he tips really, really well.
Another by the way, Lydia is a Walter White too. Why is she treated differently?
Another by the way, Walter is not even tempted to stray sexually, not even after Skylar cheats. Jesse has been a monogamous, caring partner with only two women. The writers have been very careful not to taint the antihero and the antivillain with any distasteful sexual sins, as opposed to cool violence.
The people of this country need regime change here, not abroad.
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