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Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon
US Release Date: May 26, 2009
Studio: Anchor Bay
US Release Date: May 26, 2009
Movie: out of
A team of archeologists, led by Dr. Samuel Jordan (Duncan Fraser), are in search of an Egyptian treasure in the Arizona desert. When the team disappears (perhaps because they were searching for Egyptian artifacts in Arizona), Dr. Jordan's daughter, Susan (Shannen Doherty), assembles a team to rescue them. The team consists of Jacob Thain (Michael Shanks from Stargate: SG-1), Marco Langford (JR Bourne from Stargate: SG-1), Hildy Wainwright (Heather Doerksen from Stargate: Atlantis), and Isaac Preston (Peter New, who appeared in one episode of Stargate: SG-1). Shanks' performance as Thain is the oddest character in the film, at first a queasy, mousy archeologist, and just a few scenes later a dashing hero, then back to the shy, easily flustered professor.
As a Sci-Fi Channel original movie, Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon is mediocre at best. The exterior locations resemble nothing remotely close to the Arizona desert, and the Cinematography by Adam Sliwinski is amateurish, using the zoom lens as if it's a new toy, adjusting focus in the middle of a close-up, and very shaky hand-held camera work. The story is contrived, borrowing heavily from Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (there are no less than 3 scenes of a heart being ripped out of someone's chest), and using a computer-generated serpent-like creature to try to scare up some thrills. Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon is not bad enough to be fun as Mystery Science Theater 3000 fodder, and thinks it's campy enough to be a fun matinee, which it sadly is not.
Video: out of
The video is often quite good on this disc, with accurate flesh tones, decent blacks, and colors that are never over-saturated to the point of bleeding or smearing. Detail is quite good, as well, for a standard-definition DVD.
Audio: out of
For a television movie, the 5.1 Dolby Digital soundtrack, encoded at 448 kbps, is quite active. Dialogue is front and center, and surrounds are used to envelope you into the action with discrete sound effects and effective ambience. Michael Neilson's score is reproduced to good effect, as well.
Special Features: out of
The only special feature included on this disc is the 11 minute Behind the Scenes of Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon, in non-anamorphic widescreen. This is a typical EPK piece, with the actors saying how much fun it was to make and work with the other actors.
The disc also includes the following trailers playable when the disc first starts: Cyclops, Sands of Oblivion, and Chrysalis.
As a real head-scratcher, the disc comes packaged in an eco-friendly keepcase with a paperboard O-ring sleeve.
Overall: out of
Fans of the Stargate television franchise may be intrigued by the cast, but the actors have done much better work on Stargate. Other than that, there is not much else to really recommend Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon.


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Ash Womenswear
Sport a chic statement with the Ash autumn/winter '15 footwear range. Showcasing urban appeal with a fashion forward edge, the label offers signature trainers and boots encompassing a stylish wedge heels for feminine appeal. This collection is complete in a striking colour palette, constructed from durable, textured suede and leather. Inject your winter wardrobe with designer-led edge with Heels and flats from Ash.


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Arizona Cardinals
Potter, Massie helping improve Cardinals' pass protection
Over the last three weeks, ten NFL teams have allowed more quarterback sacks than the Arizona Cardinals.
Let that sink in.
The San Diego Chargers, Jacksonville Jaguars, Dallas Cowboys, Green Bay Packers, Baltimore Ravens, Chicago Bears, Detroit Lions, New York Jets, Seattle Seahawks and Tennessee Titans have all allowed more quarterback sacks than the Cardinals' seven in that time span.
Considering that the Cardinals allowed opponents to perform 29 sack dances in a four-week span, there's significant process being made.
What's been different?
First, rookie Nate Potter was inserted at left tackle, and has been a major improvement over journeyman D'Anthony Batiste, who started the first nine games of the season. Potter will make his fourth straight start against the Seattle Seahawks at Century Link Field Sunday.
"For a rookie player, he's done a nice job. He's gotten better and better," Cardinals head coach Ken Whisenhunt said. "This will be a real test, in that noise, and they've got really good rushers in (Chris) Clemons and (Bruce Irvin) and they do a number of different things to take advantage of that, so this will be a real test for him."
According to ProFootballFocus.com, Potter is coming off his best performance of the season in last Sunday's loss to the New York Jets. The former Boise State All-American allowed just one quarterback hit against the Jets.
Potter got his feet wet in Week 9 when he replaced Batiste in the middle of the Cardinals loss to the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field, and has built on that strong first showing.
"To go in against Clay Matthews in the first game he had to play, which is a similar-type situation, from there, he's gotten better and better," said his head coach. "I think that he's still a rookie and this will be a new situation for him, but he's going to be a good football player."
Whisenhunt is also pleased with how Potter has played in other areas.
"He's actually done a good job with the run blocking," he said. "I think what you see from him is that he understands the game and his technique is good. He may not have the bulk or the strength yet to move it like you think he will be able to one day.
"He's conscious of trying to work his feet and work his hands and you see him come off the ball — he does a lot of things very athletically, which for a guy his size, when his strength catches up to it, you like that combination."
Potter hasn't been the only rookie tackle to show major improvement in the last few weeks. Right tackle Bobby Massie, after giving up 13 sacks in a six-game span, has shored up the right side. Massie hasn't given up a sack since a Week 8 loss to San Francisco on Monday Night Football.
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Steve Keim, Cardinals general manager
Monday November 30
Steve Keim calls out Chandler Catanzaro.
"Cards Are 8 and 2" - a song parody by Jarrett Carlen
Sunday November 29
A song about the Cards and a kicker named Chandler to the tune of the "Friends" theme song
Ron Jaworski, ESPN NFL analyst
Wednesday November 25
Ron Jaworski says that Carson Palmer should be the MVP of the NFL.
Yay or Nay?
Wednesday November 25
Carson Palmer is most important to the Cardinals, Creed is the worst rock band, and more.
Mark Schlereth, ESPN NFL analyst
Wednesday November 25
Schlereth talks about how the Cardinals and Carson Palmer are still under-appreciated.


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Main Page
From ESE103 Wiki
ESE103: Introduction to Electrical Engineering
ESE103 is a hands-on introduction to Electrical Engineering to put the FUN into the Electrical Engineering FUNdamentals. Experiments are designed to be easy to conduct and understand. Some of the technologies explored are used in a variety of applications including the iPod, Ultrasound Imaging, Computed Tomography, Radar, DC Motors and Credit Card Readers. Students work in groups of 2 in the newly renovated Bryan 316 laboratory. Each station is equipped with a Quad-Core computer and a integrated Data Acquisition system. Using this lab equipment, students design and build solutions to the exercises. The students also learn to program the computer in LabVIEW to control the Data Acquisition system. Throughout the semester, presentations are given by the EE faculty about their research.
- Rick Grodsky Student Welcome, Thursday, September 8, 2013, 11:30 am - 1:30 pm, Green Hall, 2nd Floor
Class Details:
- Time: Monday, 4-6, Tuesday, 4-6
- Place: Bryan 316
- Credit: 1
- Instructor: Ed Richter, ed_at_ese_wustl_edu, office hours by appointment
- Grading: Class Participation 100%
- Academic Integrity Policy - Please Read
Course Schedule:
- 8-24,8-25: ESE Department Overview (Prof. Nehorai), ESE103 Survey
- 8-31,9-1: Audio Intercom
- 9-7,9-8: Labor Day
- 9-14,9-15: LabVIEW Introduction
- 9-21,9-22,: Data Acquisition Basics
- 9-28,9-29: Magnetic Stripe Reader, Presentation (Prof. Morley)
- 10-5,10-6: Lego Mindstorms Depth Detector,[Cool Videos (IE only)] (Prof. Mell)
- 10-12,10-13: Charge Sharing DAC (Prof. Morley)
- 10-19,10-20: ADC with Charge Sharing DAC
- 10-26,10-27: Ultrasound Image Processing (Prof. Arthur)
- 11-2,11-3: Photonics (Prof. Shen/Yang)
- 11-9,11-10: Computed Tomography Presentation (Prof. O'Sullivan), CT111015.xls
- 11-16,11-17: Analog Filter Design
- 11-23,11-24: Presentation Topics, Solar Powered Electric Motor
- 11-30,12-1: Student Presentations


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Hilary Duff on Motherhood: It's a "Hormonal Roller Coaster"
Late-night feedings, 24/7 diaper duty, and crying galore -- Hilary Duff, 25, is fully aware of the stress that new moms everywhere deal with on a daily basis. And although the singer/actress and first-time mom to Luca, 13 months, is enjoying every second of being a mom, she admits that there have been some bumpy moments along the way.
Since welcoming her son with husband Mike Comrie, 32, Duff, currently involved with Johnson's Baby Cares program, described the biggest mom challenges she's faced in an interview with Us Weekly on Tuesday, May 7.
PHOTOS: Hilary Duff's life as a mom
"Exhaustion is a good one to start with! You're very sleep-deprived. Sometimes you have a crying baby and you can't do anything to get them to stop crying … you feel, as their mom, that you should be able to have all the answers and be able to take care of them so easily."
"But babies don't come with a manual and you don't always know what's going on," she added. "So it's easy to get frustrated and it's easy to blame yourself -- especially being sleep-deprived and on a hormonal roller coaster!"
Fortunately, the singer/actress shares that by leaning on extended family, especially her mom, she's been able to take a breather when baby stress gets the best of her.
PHOTOS: Hilary Duff through the years
"She's been so great -- helping me with the baby, coming over when I need to take a nap or escape for a little bit," she said. "My husband is amazing, too. If I want to run out of the house for an hour to go work out or go meet a friend for lunch, I can. I think that's really important."
With Luca growing and doing new things daily, Duff is relishing in the little things -- like Luca getting in his baby teeth or calling her "mama" for the first time -- to help battle any baby blues.
"The whole process has been incredible," she said. "He started walking right around 11 months and ever since then it's been one thing after another! He started walking, he learned how to use a fork. Those are both really big things, you know? He's popping out teeth like it's his job!"
While Duff preps for her first Mother's Day, she reveals that another mom decision has been on the brain -- when and if to have a second baby!
"We don't really have any plans right now, but I think we'd be happy if it happened and maybe a bit overwhelmed," she told Us. "But it's not something I'm dying to rush into. I'm enjoying him [Luca] so much, and now that he's a year, I'm finally getting to have a life again. He'll go down at 7 and then we can go out for dinner or go do something fun and he doesn't even know we're gone."
The former Lizzie McGuire star continued, "I think with two kids that would be a little harder. But we also want to do right by him and give him a sibling not too far apart so they have a lot in common and can be really close."
Besides mom duties, Duff has also been busy with new work projects -- next up, she'll appear as Ashton Kutcher's girlfriend on the season finale of Two and a Half Men.
This article originally appeared on Usmagazine.com: Hilary Duff on Motherhood: It's a "Hormonal Roller Coaster"
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Mod Review on Jul 27th, 2014
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Mod Review on Apr 10th, 2014
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Mod Review on Jun 23rd, 2011
the mod is great, although the scale, battle-wise, is a bit too small still, take a look at foc alliance and you'll see my point.
Mod Review on Apr 25th, 2011 - 4 people agree
in two words "DAMN AWESOME!!!" this will get me the motivation to play the game again.
Game Review on Apr 17th, 2011
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The very first Congress created under the U.S. Constitution met this week (March 4) in 1789 in New York City.
Well, sort of. Since only 13 of the 59 new members of the House of Representatives and only eight of the 22 new senators showed up, it lacked a quorum. So everyone went home, including the very disappointed crowd that had assembled to cheer on this new government.
It was not an auspicious start, but a month later a quorum was finally reached, and members of this new Congress got down to business.
Well, sort of, depending on whether you consider it "business" to spend weeks fighting for committee memberships and chairmanships while immediately renewing the same small-state-versus-big-state and slave-state-versus-free-state arguments that they had argued during the convention in Philadelphia that produced the Constitution.
Fortunately, Congress regained its focus in late April when John Adams, the elected vice-president, finally reached New York (President-elect George Washington was still on his way). As president of the Senate, Adams immediately called that body to order and formally requested that the Senate consider its first important piece of business: What to call the president-elect.
Starting things off on a high note, Adams himself suggested that Washington be called "His Highness, the President of the United States, and Protector of the Rights of the Same."
However, other suggestions were immediately forthcoming, and "His Exalted Highness," "His Most Illustrious and Excellent President," and "His Majesty the President" subsequently underwent serious consideration and much heated debate. Alas, when a member of the Senate pointed out that the Constitution prohibited the use of royal-sounding titles, they finally, reluctantly, settled on "Mr. President."
Moving on, the next order of business was whether the Senate should be called "The Upper House," and the House of Representatives should be called "The Lower House." The Senate supported this distinction; the House did not, and after much debate it was finally dropped.
On a roll now, Congress next considered its financial compensation, with the Senate insisting that its members be paid an extra dollar a day over the $6-per-day that House members received. Again, the Senate supported this distinction; the House did not, so a compromise was reached. The Senate would get an extra dollar a day for seven years, and then all would get equal pay.
That critically important part of the nation's business completed, Congress finally passed the nation's first law — the Oath Act. This law formally proscribed the words of the oaths that government officials, including the president-elect, were to take when sworn in.
And then it rested. The point being, keep in perspective your disgust at the inanity and pettiness of Congress today. It has a long history.


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Big Four ramp on schedule for November opening, officials say
Work continues on entrance to Big Four
3:28 AM, Sep. 5, 2013
Email this article
Big Four ramp on schedule for November opening, officials say
Replacing a load-bearing steel assembly near the foot of the Big Four pedestrian and bicycle pathway in Southern Indiana isn't expected to further delay the ramp's scheduled late November opening,
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Description chambre
Info : Villeneuve Les Maguelone (10km from Patio34) was the first évécher of the region, its 11th century cathedral is located on a peninsula facing the mediterranean, its worth the visit to the monument and the surrounding gardens.
The Cottage "Maguelone" 60m2 compose of a large living room with a bay window overlooking the private backyard, 2 bedrooms + alcove and a spacious bathroom.
- The kitchen equipped with: Refrigerator, freezer, dishwasher, microwave, oven, coffee maker, kettle, crockery for 6 people and all the necessities for cooking.
- The seating area with sofa bed (sleeps 2)
- Meals with table for 6-8 people Area.
- Master bedroom with 160x200 bed, an alcove with a bed 190x90, office, library, closet and wardrobe, tv lcd 48cm.
- Second bedroom with 2 twin beds 90x200
- Bathroom with bath 180x80
Outdoors with a privatve courtyard with garden furniture for 6 people and an electric BBQ grill.
The pool is open from 9:00 am to 23h, the patio and alcoves are always available as well as the Moroccan lounge. The sauna is available free daily reservation, it has a capacity of 6 people.
Access to free wifi in the cottages and the Patio.
air conditioning
A gate at the end of parking allows you to reach large wooded grasslands along the River de la Mosson for your walks or your morning jogging.
The village center is 800m Lavérune, you will find all conveniences: 2 bakeries, a butcher, a grocery store, a tobacconist.


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Maple Syrup Time
For 4 weekends in February and early March, you're invited to walk with us into the Garden's sugar bush as we tap our maples. Help us collect the sap as it flows from the trees and cook it down to pure maple syrup. A great way to shake the winter blues!
An Historic Christmas Holiday House Walk
Ring in the holidays at six historic sites in one fun-filled day. Step back in time and admire the beautiful decorations of holidays past at Edwards Place, the Lincoln Home, the Governor's Mansion, Elijah Iles House, the Old State Capitol, and Vachel Lindsay Home. At each home, visitors can listen to 19th century Christmas carols and visit with the Lincolns. There is no charge for admission to any of the houses, and the sites may be visited in any order.
Luminaria Sunday
Visit Frank Lloyd Wright's Dana-Thomas House as the exterior of the home will be lined with 1,000 candles and guests can take a silent tour of the beautiful interior accompanied by holiday music.
First Night Springfield
Head on out to the 29th Annual First Night Springfield! This family-friendly, alcohol-free event is a Springfield area tradition. Free children's activities from 1 - 4 PM at Springfield High School Commons. Fireworks at 8 PM. Over 30 performances around Downtown Springfield from 6 PM-11:15 PM.
Christmas with the Lincolns
Discover how the Lincoln family celebrated the holiday by taking a tour through the Lincoln Home, with period decorations.
Cooper's Hawk Winery & Restaurant - Springfield
After four years of planning and construction, Cooper's Hawk Winery & Restaurant opened in 2005 in Orland Park, a south suburb of Chicago. The concept was unique. We would create a signature menu with a selection of dishes designed to pair perfectly with our own Cooper's Hawk wines, made in our own private winery. With sophisticated food and exceptional wines, our concept was born. The Cooper's Hawk concept includes four distinct components: an upscale casual dining restaurant, full-service bar, private barrel-aging room, and Napa-style tasting room and retail gift store…all under one roof. Each Cooper's Hawk location is distinctive in layout and décor, but carries the same warmth and elegance that guests have come to expect.
Country Kitchen
Local establishment serving breakfast all day & other American comfort fare in a casual space.
Krieger's Sports Grill
Krieger's features great viewing for all your favorite sports action with numerous high-definition screens so you will never miss the action. Krieger's is not only the place for sports fans, but for families as well. We serve up kids eat free every Wednesday.
Memorial's Festival of Trees
A nine-day holiday event featuring more than 200 trees and wreaths decorated with exquisite creativity. Features an elaborate hand-crafted Gingerbread Village and entertainment featuring dozens of musical performances. Please visit website for prices ~ www.MemorialsFestivalofTrees.com. Event is held at the Orr building in the IL State Fairgrounds.
Florinda's Italian Restaurant & Pizza
Authentic Italian food served with a cozy atmosphere. The food is fresh and the service is fantastic. The stuffed pizza is a local favorite.
Papa Ronnie's Pizza
Family owned Pizzeria in downtown Moweaqua.
Mulligan's Restaurant
Situated at Oak Terrace Resort on Lake Beyers. Serving everything from appetizers to full course meals. Also have a banquet room available for parties, weddings, banquets, etc. Can accommodate up to 400 in banquet hall, 40 in lounge, and 70 in dining room. Sunday buffet from 7:30 - 2.
Hall's Jewelry & Gifts
An elegant shop filled with jewelry and gifts for you or that special someone.
Raspberry Room
A cozy country tea room known for their daily quiche specials and chicken salad sandwich. Located next door to the Elwin Antique Mall.
Route 16 Cafe
Great food, great service, great prices. Home-cooked meals and daily specials.
CITY:Tower Hill
Iris' & Ivy
Women's clothing, candles, jewelry and gifts.
The Boutique
Spa based Boutique carries those spa necessities and splurges to bring a "little spa" into your life. Also have accessories, handbags, jewelry, apparel, tonics, Paul Mitchell, Pevonia Botanica skin care and many gift items. Boutique is located by Lakeview Spa at Oak Terrace Resort.
Cottage Rose Gifts & Crafts
Stop in at the Cottage Rose Gifts & Crafts. We have everything from purses, jewelry, florals, candy, sports fan gifts, Tutu's Baby Clothes and Gifts, hair bows galore, tie dye, gourmet foods, Harry & David , Wind & Willow, Gourmet Village, Amish Popcorn and more.
Northfield Inn Suites & Conference Center
Newer 107-room facility with adjoining conference facilities and own banquet kitchen & separate restaurant/bar. King/Queen jacuzzi rooms & suites, indoor pool, fitness center & continental breakfast. Also offer free HBO and USA today.
Ramada Springfield North
Conveniently located just off I-55 at exit 100B, this beautiful hotel offers guest-friendly hospitality along with free breakfast, cable/HBO, local calls, newspaper, and parking. Ammenities include indoor pool, fitness center.
Mario's Italian Restaurant & Pizzeria
Casual family-style pizza parlor featuring a pizza lunch buffet, pastas, salads, sandwiches and other specialities.
Howard Johnson Inn and Suites
Newly rennovated hotel with meeting facilities for groups uo to 200 people, outdoor pool, studio suites, free parking and scenic setting.
Super 8 Lodge East
Queen-size beds, HBO, ESPN, cable TV, free continental breakfast, guest laundry, children stay free with parents. Pets allowed with permission.
The Office Sports Bar & Grill
Sports Bar and a great place catch all the action for your favorite sports teams.


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->''"Warrior of a hundred worlds. Mercenary captain of the Blood Wars. Sword of celestial vengeance. The planar champion moves between the planes, always driven to battle. She may be driven by a quest for justice or a thirst for blood, but she is feared throughout the known universes for her prowess."''
-->--'''D&D 3rd Ed. "Manual of Planes"'''
Imagine a TimeMaster but for alternate realities and multiverses. You get someone with the ultimate sense of WalkingTheEarth, ButNowIMustGo, and even TheHomewardJourney where the person's wanderlust or adventurous nature doesn't just take them across the world but beyond and between worlds. There is an increased impressiveness when a hero's traits are adapted for not just one grand frontier, but billions of them.
* Access (ComicBook/{{Amalgam Universe}})
* Tom Taylor (ComicBook/{{The Unwritten}})
* Kevin Keene (''WesternAnimation/CaptainNTheGameMaster'')
* Roland Deschain (''Franchise/TheDarkTower'' series)
* Tsukasa Kadoya (''Series/KamenRiderDecade'')
* Corwin (and possibly Benedict) of Amber (''Literature/TheChroniclesOfAmber'')
* John Furie Zacharias (Clive Barker's ''Literature/{{Imajica}}'')
* Will Parry (Phillip Pullman's ''HisDarkMaterials'')
* The main characters in {{Sliders}}. The Sci-fi Channel seasons have them directly confront the MultiversalConqueror Kromags.
* The Digidestined/Digimon Tamers in the ''Franchise/{{Digimon}}'' series.
* Marvel's Comicbook/{{Exiles}}
* Orion from {{Beyond Reality}}
* Sora from KingdomHearts, though the cosmology of the World is sort of weird. Each little universe is separated into distinct worlds, and the World is the designation for the Multiverse.
* Pretty much every heroic Creator/MichaelMoorcock character. [[Literature/TheElricSaga Elric of Melnibone]] is the most famous but almost all his characters roam the Multiverse. He may even be the TropeCodifier.
* Pretty much any PC in the TabletopGame/{{Planescape}} campaign setting.
* The open-source character, WebOriginal/JennyEverywhere is sometimes one of these, having the ability to shift between universes (and shift objects between universes, and mentally link up with alternate versions of herself.
* All of Literature/TheHomewardBounders, but especially Jamie.
* Joey Harker [[spoiler:and all his alternate selves]] from Literature/{{Interworld}}.
* Hottie (FanFic/Hottie3TheBestFanFicInTheWorld)
* Any planeswalker (including player characters) in ''TabletopGame/MagicTheGathering''
* Hoid (of Franchise/TheCosmere)
* Various notable greater daemons such as Ka'Bandha the Bloodthirster of ''TabletopGame/{{Warhammer}}'' fame. The Skulltaker from the same game is a Straight Example.


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Log in for 24-hour access to plan information and health-management tools.
When employers have virtual care, sick employees can consult with a Teladoc® physician in as little as 10 minutes- by phone or video chat. They'll be back on their feet and back to work as quickly as possible.
Now is a great time to talk to your sales representative about Virtual Care.
CareCompass360° is a whole-person health support model that meets members' needs - whether they're healthy or navigating complex conditions. For more information about CareCompass360°, read this press release.
Large employers subject to the employer shared responsibility requirements under the Affordable Care Act (employers with 50 or more full-time employees and/ or full-time equivalents) must report to the IRS the minimum essential coverage offered to their full-time employees and their dependents in 2015.
In general, reporting is to be completed on IRS Form 1095 by February 28 (March 31 if filed electronically) following the 2015 calendar year. Additionally, large employers will also need to send copies of Form 1095-C to their employees by January 31.
Form 1095 responsibility to employees and their dependents
Members must report qualifying healthcare coverage on their 2015 federal tax return as a requirement of the Affordable Care Act.
Fully insured plans - If your health plan is fully insured, your employees will receive a 1095-B from Premera. Additionally, you will need to send your employees copies of the Form 1095-C that you file with the IRS.
Self-funding plans -If your health plan is self-funded, the IRS allows you to consolidate reporting requirements through Form 1095-C only. Employers must supply copies of 1095-C to their employees by January 31, 2016.
More information about Form 1095
You can find more information on reporting requirements and Form 1095 by visiting the Affordable Care Act section of IRS.gov.
Rx Search
Use this tool to get information about your employees' prescription drugs, including how a drug is covered by a Premera plan.
Check here for updates from Premera
Employee Communications Resources
A wealth of resources to help you communicate healthcare benefits, programs, and other wellness information
Health Savings Account Calculator for Employers
Use this tool to compare potential costs for a high deductible health plan paired with a health savings account
Log In or Register to get more detailed information
For plan administrators.


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Top Gear: Doctor Who Drives a Reasonably Priced Car
'Doctor Who' Time Lord Matt Smith leaves the TARDIS to be the Star in a Reasonably Priced Car. 'I think I get a bit gung-ho,' Matt says. Watch as he rehearses on the track and see how he fares on the leaderboard on May 21 at 8:30/7:30c.


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Sit with the planes, paint pumpkins and take home a Papa Murphy's Mini Murph pizza.
The Fargo Air Museum and Papa Murphy's are teaming up to present Planes, Pumpkins, and Pizza. Children will tour the museum, paint pumpkins, and receive a special treat from Papa Murphy's.
$8 per adult, $5 per child, children under 2 are free with a paying adult. Members are free.
Sign up on the "Planes, Pumpkins & Pizza" link under the "Events" tab.
The Fargo Air Museum will host the Experimental Aviation Association Chapter 317 for Young Eagles Flights on Sunday, September 29, 2013 beginning at noon.
Youth between the ages of 8 through 17 are invited to take to the skies and experience the thrill of flying.
To become a Young Eagle the parents or legal guardian of the child must complete and sign the release/registration form before the flight. Forms will be available when you arrive at the Fargo Air Museum, or we can send a brochure and form out to you prior to the date.
The pilots will explain to the participants what the flight will be like, telling about the aircraft, conducting a pre-flight inspection, and sharing important safety considerations when taking flight.
The pilots who participate in the Young Eagles program are local members of EAA who are volunteering their time and aircraft to make these flights possible. The pilots are certified with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and all the aircraft utilized are also registered by the FAA. The flight will be conducted according to federal regulations.
Who: Youth Ages 8-17
What: Young Eagle Flights
When: Sunday, September 29, 2013 noon-3:00pm (or until all flights are complete)
Where: Fargo Air Museum, 1609 19th Ave N, Fargo, ND 58102
Why: To give young people the experience of flight
How to Sign up:
1. Pre-register on line if possible through this webpage or call/email Helen at (701)293-8043 or email her at:firstname.lastname@example.com.
2. Parent or Legal Guardian must complete release form. If you already have a release form, complete and bring with you. If you do not have a form, we can mail one out or they will be available to register when you arrive.
Cost: There is NO CHARGE for Young Eagle flight participants. Museum admission fees are optional for the parents or guardian accompanying the child.
2nd Prize: P-51 Mustang Airplane Ride
Joe Ruegemen, Wheaton, MN
3rd Prize: Beretta 686 Silver Pigeon I 12 GA Shotgun
Adam Campbell, Fargo, ND
4th Prize: 64GB Apple iPad
Richard Romfo, Hannah, ND
5th Prize: 47″ Vizio HD Television
Robert J. Miller, Casselton, ND
$100.00 – Val Kettner, Fargo, ND
$100.00 – Kevin Olsgaard, Moorhead, MN
$100.00 – Ralph Jose, Fargo, ND
$100.00 – Russell Brink, Horace, ND 58047
$100.00 – Doug Goehring, Menoken, ND
What an Exciting Day here at the Fargo Air Museum. A great raffle and best of all a continued start on the Fargo Air Museum Expansion.
Click for Museum Expansion Information.
Contact information: Please contact us at 701.293.8043 or email:
Thank you to the Luther Family Ford team of Fargo for making the Boss 302 Mustang raffle a possibility for the Fargo Air Museum.
Milnor Fly-In Barbeque Supper
August 25th, 2013 – 4pm to Sunset
Rain or Shine
BBQ Supper will start at 4pm
Free will offering
Entertainment to be announced
Airport raffle drawing at 7pm
Contact: Mark Gainor
Click Here to Visit the Milnor Airport Web Site
The 10th Annual Kulm WindFest Days has a breakfast Fly-In scheduled for Saturday, August 17th, 7:00 AM at the Kulm Municipal Airport. Everyone is welcome.
Be ready for 2 days of spectacular events.
News North Dakota Article
Fly-In & Drive-In Benefit – Kevin & Kristi Cary Family
Dad's Belgian Waffles featuring waffles, sausages, flavored syrups and beverages (carry-out available) along with a Silent Auction and Bake Sale.
Adults 13 & up: $8
Children 6-12: $6
Ages 5 and under: Free
Kevin, a mechanic and lineman at the Fergus Falls Airport, had a seizure at work on May 22 and was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor. He is undergoing treatment and is unable to work. Kevin and Dristi have two small children, Elizabeth and James.
Proceeds to benefit the Kevin and Kristi Cary Family.
Cash and Silent Auction contributions can be made by contacting:
Lexie Jensen 218-205-1668
Bill Dennis 218-867-2268
Dave Jennen 218-205-4345
Thrivent Financial for Lutherans has contributed supplemental funds for this event.
They inspired many people with their talent, knowledge and passion for flight. Both were natives of North Dakota who made their mark in the aviation world for the restoration of vintage aircraft. The new 150-by-100 foot building will display the B-25 Mitchell that Beck donated in the early years with hopes to create an interactive diorama to share the WWII history and stories of the Doolittle Raiders.
CAF AirPower History Tour will be at the Fargo Air Museum to honor the achievements of Beck and Odegaard and to commemorate the ground breaking ceremony. The AirPower History tour will be on display at the museum from August 5th to 11th. For more information visit AirPowerTour.org.
$8.00 for adults, $7.00 for seniors (65+) and students, $5.00 for children. Vietnam veterans and Fargo Air Museum members are free of charge.
Download the Vietnam Memorial Exhibit ceremony program here:
Vietnam Memorial Exhibit Program.pdf (500Kb)
The B-17 Sentimental Journey will arrive on Monday, August 5th and the B-29 Superfortress FIFI and support aircraft will come to the Fargo Air Museum on August 8th through August 11th.
The B-29 Superfortress FIFI and supporting aircraft will be:
2. C-45 Expeditor
3. T-6 Texan
4. P-51 Mustang (tentative)
5. Boeing Stearman
Admission to this exhibit will be:
• $15 per person
• $30 per family (immediate family – mom, dad and the kids)
• Children 4 and under free
• $10 for Fargo Air Museum members
*The admission price includes access to the Fargo Air Museum, the bomber ramp exhibit and tours of the B-17 and B-29 cockpits.
Rides are available at 9 a.m. on the days of the exhibit.
• For a ride in the B-29, contact 432-413-4100
• For a ride in the B-17, contact 602-448-9415
On Thursday August 8th at 7p.m., The B-17 Sentimental Journey will do a fly over the Newman Outdoor Field in honor of military appreciation night at the Red Hawks game.
Check out the Air Power Tour web site here: AirPowerTour.Org
The Fargo Air Museum would like to thank the Fargo AirSho and the Fargo Moorhead Convention & Visitors Bureau for their gracious donations to make this event possible.
The North Dakota State Council, Northern Warriors Chapter 941 of the Vietnam Veterans of America and the Fargo Air Museum will be having a Vietnam War Display. The exhibit will be on display at the Fargo Air Museum Saturday June 22, 2013 through July 19, 2013. Opening Ceremonies will be at 10:00 AM on Saturday June 22, 2013.
Master of Ceremonies will be Dan Stenvold, President of the ND State Council of the Vietnam Veterans of America. The exhibit will include several Vietnam Color Guards, aircraft,the Tri-State Wall, videos, and wall displays. There will also be Vietnam Veterans to talk with. Admission to the exhibit is $8 for adults, $7 for seniors and $5 for children. All Vietnam Veterans will be admitted to the Fargo Air Museum free of charge during the course of the exhibit.


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'Beudy' Bennar Isa
from £95 /night help Price for guests, Nights
3 reviews
from £95 /night help Price for guests, Nights
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Excludes fees (if applicable). Enter your dates to see the total cost.
Bungalow / 2 bedrooms / sleeps 5 Home 493103
Availability Your dates are available
Bungalow / 2 bedrooms / sleeps 5
|Key Info
"BEUDY" {Bungalow} is probably the closest holiday cottage to the beach in the area, situated at Bennar Isa Farm in a large lawned courtyard garden with uninterrupted views from the patio of Cader Idris mountain range and the Aberdovey coastline.
Converted outbuildings for the farm, recently tastefully re-modernised and fully double glazed. Full gas central heating, electricity and bedlinen included in price. Laundry room with large capacity washing machine and condenser dryer. The bungalow has 2 double bedrooms both on ground floor, and a single fold-up-bed suitable for a small child. Sleeping up to 5. {Sat changeover}.
MASTER bedroom has a double bed with king size duvet, oak flooring, chair, cream shaker style wardrobe, dressing unit, stool and freestanding mirror with matching bedside units and lamps.
Two large roof velux windows with blackout blinds and two small windows with views of the Rhinog mountains.
Double bedroom has a double bed with king size duvet, oak flooring, large cream wardrobe with matching dressing table and bedside tables with lamps. Velux window with blackout blind, and a tall feature window with views towards the mountains. Single fold-up bed suitable for a small child only.
New luxury shaker style kitchen in cream with oak trim and all intergrated appliances:- electric double oven and hob with cooker hood, larder/fridge, freezer, dishwasher, microwave and coffee machine. Underfloor heating ideal for taking the chill out of the cooler mornings and evenings, oak dining table and highback linen chairs, small TV. Large velux window and two picture windows making a light and airy room, again with magnificent views.
Newly modernised tiled bathroom with large walk-in corner cubicle with electric shower, combination floor units housing a back to wall toilet and moulded ceramic basin and surround with matching full size mirror, shaver point, heated towel radiator.
Modern lounge with two 2 seater sofas in a combination of fabrics and textures in a chocolate terracotta and cream colour. Feature fireplace with log burner on slate hearth, oak flooring, large screen Freeview TV/DVD, solid oak display unit, TV unit, coffee tables and lamps.
French doors leading to private patio with seating and BBQ, a perfect setting to enjoy the magnificent coastal scenery and breathtaking sunsets, what better place to sit of an evening with a glass or two of wine!!
SORRY NO PETS. We do not supply towels.
Initial large supply of well seasoned logs included {further supply can be purchased from us}
|Sleeps up to 5, 2 bedrooms
|2 bedrooms, 1 bathrooms of which 1 Family bathrooms
|Nearest beach
|Bennar Beach is a 5 min stroll through our fields
|Will consider
|Long term lets (over 1 month)
|Car advised
|Nearest Amenities
|1 km
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest airport: Liverpool John Lennon Airport 140 km, Nearest railway: Dyffryn Ardudwy 4 km
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|Log fire, DVD player, Sea view
|Central heating, TV, Video player, CD player
|Kettle, Toaster, Iron, Hair dryer
|Clothes dryer, Dishwasher, Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
|Double beds (2), Single beds (1), Dining seats for 5, Lounge seats for 5
|Linen provided, High chair
|Balcony or terrace, Private garden, BBQ, Private fishing lake or river
|Parking, Suitable for people with restricted mobility, Not suitable for wheelchair users
The Gwynedd region
Snowdonia is Wales' most dramatic area with Snowdon the highest summit south of Scotland. Its Welsh name, Eryri, is either derived from eryr - land of eagles, or perhaps more appropriately now the eagles have gone, eira - land of snow.
The Snowdonia National Park stretches from Conwy in the north to Aberdyfi in the south, taking in not only mountain peaks and thirteenth century fortresses but also ancient wooded valleys and rushing rivers.
A five minute stroll through our farm fields and boardwalk with picnic benches, brings you to one of the loveliest award winning Green coastline beaches in Mid Wales. There are magnificent sea and mountain views from the property and numerous wildlife and birds on your doorstep, just bring your binoculars. The area is renowned for its outstanding scenery and natural beauty.
Barmouth is located on the coast of North Wales, with a long sandy beach and a picturesque harbour bordered by the dramatically beautiful Mawddach estuary - Barmouth is the perfect destination for vintage seaside holidays, walking & outdoor activity breaks, or fresh air getaways at any time of year.
For the more active visitor there are miles of great walking, climbing and cycling routes, in fact Southern Snowdonia is an ideal base for the rambler who will find a host of new and delightful experiences within easy reach of Barmouth.
Follow disused railway lines, old miners' and drovers' trails or enjoy forays in the nearby forests. Explore hidden valleys, wild open moorland, lakes and mountains. Such a variety of unspoilt countryside and coastline provides the habitat for an abundance of wildlife - perfect for birdwatching or the opportunity sometimes to spot porpoise, seals and even Cardigan Bay dolphins.
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Calendar last updated:03 Nov 2015
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Are you trying to give your home, office or dorm a new look? If the answer is yes, then you need to look into CORT and the extensive supply of luxurious rental furniture. In our King Of Prussia showroom we give you a cost-effective solution to spending a large amount of money on all new furniture. The furniture we have in our King Of Prussia showroom for furniture rental is of great quality, andwill be everything that your heart desires. All of the premium furniture brands are available at our King Of Prussia Rental Showroom at an exceptional price.
CORT understands the importance of having the right furniture for every place and occasion. The King Of Prussia Furniture Rental Showroom staff understands this and is there to help you find the perfect pieces that will represent you. By putting our heads together, we will undoubtedly be able to locate furniture that was made for you. Don't hold off any longer! Drive to the closest CORT Furniture Rental Showroom in King Of Prussia, Pennsylvania, and check out our awesome selection of rental furniture today!
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Brookville Lawyer, Kansas
Wendell W. Kellogg
Accident & Injury, Personal Injury, Bankruptcy & Debt, Workers' Compensation, Divorce & Family Law
Status:In Good Standing
There is no need to be intimidated by the American legal system. It is the finest in the world. Now is the... (more)
Wendell W. Kellogg
Real Estate, Health Care, Personal Injury, Family Law, Workers' Compensation
Status:In Good Standing Licensed:50 Years
Debra Egli James
Products Liability, Personal Injury, Medical Malpractice, Litigation, Corporate
Status:In Good Standing
Michael Paul Alley
Bankruptcy & Debt, Banking & Finance, Agriculture, Litigation, Business & Trade
Status:In Good Standing Licensed:16 Years


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do you girls work for Casio or Seiko?
Thanks for helping us associate the correct Pornstars to this video!
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All Comments (10)
do you girls work for Casio or Seiko?
"I'm going doctor... what shall I do? " lol
What a stupid girl! Am I gonna get pregnant? Yes dumbass!
Now she is up the duff......................................
who whant to fuck i am free!
Shes sunburned on her tits and above her vag lolll
anna e jenna ve lo do io!
Love at the 15:00 mark how he has her fingering her pussy while he fucks her throat.then he fingers her HARD until the 18:00 mark. He then eats her until 21:24, at which point his cock plunges ALL the way into her pussy. I'd love to have a man do that to me -- well done!
Hey Jenna.. at the 15 mark..that isn't him fingering her.. that his she... xD


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*Please note that there is a £1.50 booking fee per transaction
The Beat
8 – 9.15pm: Highest Grade Soundsystem
9.30 – 11pm: The Beat
11pm – 1am: After party in the bar
One of the biggest bands of the 2-Tone movement, The Beat present fusion rhythms to ignite a crowd. They play with the sole aim of connecting with and entertaining their appreciative audience with their relentless energy and world class musicianship.
The Beat are known the world over for a string of hit singles, including Mirror in the Bathroom, Too Nice To Talk To, Can't Get Used To Losing You, Hands off She's Mine and All Out To Get You. Their songs of peace, love and unity fuse ska, pop, reggae and punk rock and their dynamic live show has garnered them a loyal following at home and abroad.
'…The Beat. Who needs the brave new world when the old school is still this good?'


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Integrative Flavors manufactures Cook's Delight soup bases, gravy mixes and flavor concentrates. Integrative Flavors has been in business assisting chefs across the country since the late 1930s. In the 1940s we manufactured bouillon for military rations during World War II. Since that time Integrative Flavors has helped thousands of chefs…
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Skin is the largest organ of the body and says a lot about your health and your age. Looking after it and nourishing it with cold pressed oil can be most beneficialskin experts say. Some of the benefits of this wonderful oil are that it helps reduces wrinkles and signs…
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As many of us are inclined towards the holistic way of living, we naturally are drawn towards herbal remedies and other herbal solutions. The good news is there are quite a few wellbeing brands to choose from.
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Grolsch has worked with LBi's blended team of creatives, strategists and technologists to devise and roll-out a next-generation digital strategy, which includes a revamped global web presence grolsch.com,…
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Papabubble has gone online with our new store for the UK. Buy your FAV candy treats today
29th Aug 2012
Reinvents. Reinterprets. Reimagines.
Papabubble is a working factory where the entire process, from start to finish is on show. It is part theatre, part art, and part small-scale open factory.
Using creativity to mix and match over 30 flavours and colourings to truly individualize your candy.
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"Baltika" trade label, together with Liquid7 Digital Content House and Media Direction Ukraine, Think!McCann Erickson and Mediacom agencies, presented the first Ukrainian virtual business-simulator on Facebook platform with real gifts for the most successful users.
The ones who will obtain the best results, will get a tablet computer, and the…
24th Aug 2012
Start your day healthy, with a power packed cereal that boosts you and sets you off on the right nutritional start for the day. Breakfast cereals play a big role in the UK diet. Many cereals are fortified with added vitamins and minerals to help you meet your daily vitamin requirements.
24th Aug 2012
Today Westfield Stratford City launches a free downloadable cookery book, packed full of recipes from its famously diverse collection of East London restaurants.
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Cough is a common symptom in people who develop interstitial lung diseases (ILD). The pathological features of the ILDs are many and varied suggesting that the cause of cough may also vary with each disease. This article reviews what is currently known about cough in sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; two of the commonest ILDs. It also outlines some of the theories which have been proposed to explain why cough develops in these conditions and describes what little is known about how to treat it.
Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disorder of unknown aetiology which is characterised histologically by the infiltration of affected tissue by non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Whilst any part of the body can be involved, sarcoidosis typically affects hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, the lung interstitium and bronchial epithelum. Less commonly, the upper respiratory tract, pleura and pulmonary vessels may be involved. A number of epidemiological studies have investigated the prevalence of cough in people with sarcoidosis and whilst it appears rare in Japan, it is common in other parts of the world where the prevalence is between 30 and 50% (Table 1) [1-3].
Table 1. Epidemiological studies of the prevalence of cough in sarcoidosis
Whilst little is known about the mechanisms by which sarcoidosis causes cough [4], clinical observation suggests that neither massive hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy nor interstitial infiltration are, in themselves, sufficient to cause significant cough (Figure 1). Perhaps more important is the recognition that sarcoidosis is often a bronchocentric disease associated with granulomatous inflammation of the airways [5]. This is not always apparent on radiological imaging and is best appreciated by fibreoptic bronchoscopy although it may sometimes only be detected by histological examination of endobronchial biopsies which otherwise have a normal macroscopic appearance (Figure 2).
Figure 1. a Chest radiograph showing massive hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and b, thoracic CT scan showing diffuse nodular infiltration of the lung interstitium. Neither of these patients complained of cough.
Figure 2. Bronchial biopsy from a patient with sarcoidosis showing typical sub-mucosal granulomata (Haemotoxylin & Eosin x 20). Photomicrograph courtesy of Drs Allan Dawson and Paul Griffiths.
One retrospective study from China supports the link between granulomatous inflammation of the airways and cough in sarcoidosis. This study compared respiratory symptoms in 87 patients who had undergone tracheal biopsy and found that significantly more (92%) of those who had granulomatous tracheitis complained of cough compared with those (49%) who had normal tracheal biopsies [6]. This study did not report on the bronchoscopic appearances of the bronchial mucosa nor on the histological appearances of bronchial biopsies but it seems plausible that cough in the latter group may have been caused by inflammation of the bronchi or smaller airways without tracheal involvement.
Sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract (SURT) occurs in approximately 5% of cases and may variably affect the larynx, epiglottis, arytenoids, the aryepiglottic folds and vocal chords as well as the nasal mucosa and sinuses [7]. There are no epidemiological studies of cough in relation to SURT but given the sensitivity of the glottis to mechanical and chemical stimulation in normal subjects it seems likely that inflammatory change in and around the larynx would increase cough reflex sensitivity.
The enhanced cough reflex observed in people with saroidosis is likely initiated by sensory fibres of the vagus nerve that innervate the airways and larynx which have become sensitised by granulomatous inflammation. The precise mechanism by which this occurs is uncertain. However, it is interesting that Ricci and co-workers demonstrated that a number of non-neuronal cell types can express neurotrophins and their receptors in normal human lung [8]. These include bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, bronchial glands and mesenchymal cells of the interstitium as well as lymphocytes and macrophages. These observations led them to suggest that neurotrophins may play a role in the regulation of normal lung cell function and potentially, in the pathophysiology of lung disease [8]. In a subsequent study they demonstrated that alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes derived from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with sarcoidosis showed enhanced expression of neurotrophins and their receptors [9]. These findings were confirmed by Dagnell and coworkers who went on to show that sarcoid granulomas and alveolar macrophages stained for the neurotrophins Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT3) as well as their receptors TrkA, TrkB and TrkC [10,11]. Thus, increased levels of neurotrophins occur at sites of granulomatous inflammation in the airways of patients with sarcoidosis - a location where they could potentially modulate sensory nerve proliferation and/or differentiation to enhance neuronal sensitivity and cause cough.
Occasional, unusual manifestations of sarcoidosis have been described which cause patients to present with the symptom of cough. These include granulomatous infiltration of the pulmonary veins causing pulmonary veno-occlusive disease with engorgement of airway epithelium and sarcoidosis affecting the vagus nerve at the level of the jugular foramen causing vocal cord palsy and cough [12,13].
There have been no randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trials which have investigated the effect of any pharmacological treatment specifically for cough in sarcoidosis. However, clinical observation suggests that when used in an appropriate clinical setting such as progressive interstitial lung disease, oral corticosteroid therapy has a beneficial effect on cough when it is a troublesome accompanying symptom. One double-blind, placebo-controlled study of inhaled corticosteroids in newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis reported an improvement in global symptom score which included cough [14]. However, the placebo group were more symptomatic at the start of the study and the authors reported that both cough and fatigue persisted in a number of patients on active treatment as well as placebo. Thus whilst accepting the evidence is weak, a systemic review of steroid therapy in sarcoidosis has suggested that inhaled corticosteroids could be offered to selected patients with cough [15].
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the commonest form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. It is a disease of unknown aetiology which develops in the sub-pleural aspects of the posterior, basal parts of the lungs and becomes more extensive over time. On CT scan of the thorax the lungs show reticular opacities, often associated with 'traction bronchiectasis' and honeycombing (Figure 3). On histological examination, the features of usual interstitial pneumonia with characteristic temporal and spatial heterogeneity are evident [16,17].
Figure 3. CT scan of thorax in a patient with IPF showing typical basal, sub-pleural, honeycomb shadowing and traction bronchiectasis.
It has been known for many years that cough is a clinical feature of IPF. In 1974, Scadding observed: 'later, with severe and extensive fibrosis cough, unproductive or with scanty mucoid expectoration, may be troublesome'[18]. However, considerable time elapsed before the first objective study of the cough reflex in IPF was undertaken by Doherty and coworkers who demonstrated that cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin was increased in IPF [19]. Furthermore, by binding the chest wall of normal subjects, they demonstrated that cough was not caused by deposition of inhaled capsaicin on more central airways as a result of restricted ventilation. A subsequent study confirmed that both the two-cough and five-cough response to inhaled capsaicin was enhanced in IPF and that such patients also cough in response to substance P and bradykinin [20]. More recently, Key and colleagues used a validated cough monitor to show that patients with IPF had a 24-hour cough frequency that was similar to patients with cough hypersensitivity syndrome and significantly greater than a comparator group of asthmatics [21]. Interestingly, they also observed that cough in IPF is predominantly a daytime rather than nocturnal symptom and that there was good correlation between cough frequency and subjective measures of cough assessed by the Leicester Cough Questionnaire [21]. There is thus objective evidence from a number of sources that cough is a troublesome symptom which adversely affects quality of life in patients with IPF [22].
Superficially it appears anomalous that an interstitial lung disease, which predominantly affects the alveolar walls in the peripheral lung where sensory innervation is relatively sparse [23], should cause cough which is generally associated with diseases such as asthma, COPD and viral infections, which affect the airways where innervation is more exuberant.
A significant barrier to the methodical study of cough in IPF is that patients frequently have confounding co-morbidities which can cause or exacerbate cough. These include COPD, sinusitis, hypertension treated by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and, most importantly, gasto-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). The latter is a known cause of chronic cough [24] and it has also been postulated to be a risk factor for the development or progression of IPF [16]. The hypothesis that prolonged, small aspirations of gastric contents may be a cause of pulmonary fibrosis was proposed by Belcher in 1949 [25]. He also suggested that 'silent dysphagia' was a possible cause of 'pulmonary lesions of obscure origin'. This hypothesis has been given further support by recent objective studies which used 24-hour oesophageal pH monitoring and oesophageal manometry to demonstrate that up to 87% of patients with IPF have evidence of acid reflux which is often asymptomatic [26,27]. Interestingly, there are also reports of long-term stabilisation of IPF following treatment with antacid therapy [28].
A recent, preliminary study applied the technique of combined oesophageal pH and impedance monitoring, which characterises all reflux episodes regardless of pH, to show that non-acid reflux also occurs in people with IPF [29]. When combined with simultaneous, 24 hour cough recording, the study found that acid suppression therapy with proton pump inhibitors had no effect on cough and actually increased the amount of non-acid reflux. These findings, if confirmed, suggest that acid reflux, per se, is not the cause of cough in IPF. Gastric juice is a complex mixture of hydrochloric acid and enzymes such as pepsin, but it may also contain refluxate from the duodenum which is alkaline and contains bile acids and pancreatic enzymes. Potentially, gastroesophageal refluxate contains a mixture of all these components and may be gaseous as well as liquid and aspiration of this refluxate could expose respiratory epithelium to bile salts and enzymes as well as acid. In-vitro studies have shown that airway epithelial cells exposed to unconjugated bile salts produce increased levels of the fibrogenic cytokine Transforming Growth Factor-β1 [30]. There is also preliminary data to suggest that airway epithelial cells exposed to pepsin can undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, a process which may be associated with the pathogenesis of IPF [31].
The hypothesis that aspiration of gastric contents is an explanation for both the pathogenesis of IPF and its associated symptom of cough, has been confounded by a number of recent clinical and epidemiological observations. Firstly, that obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may be prevalent in people with IPF [32,33]; secondly, that OSA is associated with cough [34,35] and finally, the strong association between OSA with GORD [36]. It is therefore possible that the three conditions of IPF, GORD and OSA are linked in what might be described as a 'vicious triad' (Figure 4). However, not all evidence supports this 'triad' as a pathogenetic mechanism. A recent multivariate analysis in 54 patients with fibrosing interstitial lung disease found no relationship between the presence or severity of OSA and GORD and that acid reflux was no more frequent or severe in subjects with OSA compared to those without [37]. Also, a small prospective study found no difference in pepsin levels of exhaled breath condensate between patients with IPF and normal controls [38]. At present, the relationship between GORD and IPF remains uncertain and it is possible that the pattern of rapid, shallow breathing, typical of fibrotic lung in patients with IPF, might actually induce GORD [16].
Figure 4. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, gastroesophageal reflux and obstructive sleep apnoea: vicious triad or common associations?
A different theory for the pathogenesis of cough in IPF proposes that mechanical distortion of the larger airways by progressive interstitial fibrosis, so-called 'traction bronchiectasis' (Figure 3) increases cough sensitivity by altering sensory innervation of the airways [39]. Potentially, this could result from an increase in the number of rapidly adapting receptors (RARs) which respond to mechanical stimulation within the airways or, conceivably, by a destruction of nerves which inhibit cough. A recent study which tested this hypothesis compared the effect of mechanical stimulation on cough in people with IPF and controls. Interestingly, vibration of the chest wall induced a true cough reflex in the majority of people with IPF but not controls [40]. Furthermore, the two-cough response occurred most frequently on stimulation of the posterior, basal parts of the lung, where fibrosis is most extensive. Transmission of vibration, including vocal sound, is increased in pulmonary fibrosis and is the reason for the typical physical signs of enhanced tactile vocal fremitus and vocal resonance. It is therefore possible that vocalisation or indeed cough itself, might enhance cough in IPF by a mechanism of enhanced vibration and positive feedback.
As with sarcoidosis, there is some evidence for increased expression of neurotrophins in the lungs of people with IPF. It has been demonstrated that induced sputum from such people contains higher levels of NGF and BDNF compared with normal controls [20] and BALF from people with IPF contains higher levels of NGF than controls (Figure 5), [41]. A single immunological study found enhanced expression of NGF and TrkA in lungs of patients with IPF compared to other interstitial lung diseases and fibroblastic foci in particular, showed immunostaining for BDNF and TrkB [42]. Thus, despite IPF being a disease of peripheral lung, these observations raise the possibility that neurotrophins, generated by the pathological process of usual interstitial pneumonia, occur in more central airways where they may influence neuronal proliferation and differentiation.
Figure 5. a, Concentration of Nerve Growth Factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and normal controls. b, Alveolar macrophages from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis immunostained for nerve growth factor. Courtesy of Dr Mat Jones (ref 41).
Treatment of cough in IPF remains problematic for both patients and physicians, particularly in the later stages of the condition when it may be associated with increasingly severe breathlessness. In such cases, palliative therapy using conventional anti-tussive agents such as opiate-derived preparations often proves to be of limited benefit, as does optimal pharmacological treatment of acid reflux. One small, uncontrolled, open-labeled study found that cough sensitivity to capsaicin and cough symptom score was reduced after one month of high-dose oral corticosteroids suggesting that cough in IPF should be amenable to pharmacological therapy [20]. In an open-labeled trial of oral interferon-α, five of 20 patients reported improvement in cough symptoms [43]. However, it is well known that cough is a symptom which is highly influenced by placebo effect; hence the results of small, open-labeled trials must be interpreted with caution [44].
A recent double-blind, two-treatment, two-period crossover trial comparing thalidomide with placebo demonstrated a beneficial treatment effect on cough and quality of life as determined by questionnaires and visual analogue score [45]. Whilst the authors acknowledge the limitations of the trial which include small numbers of self-referred patients with relatively mild IPF who had other possible causes of cough (70% had acid-reflux and 30% were on ACE-inhibitors for hypertension), this is the first, placebo-controlled trial of cough therapy in IPF. Thalidomide is an interesting drug that may exert its effects through immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory or anti-angiogenic properties. However, its profile of side-effects which include constipation, bradycardia, dizziness and in the longer term, peripheral neuropathy, suggest it may have a more direct effect on airway nerves. Certainly, the potential anti-tussive effects of thalidomide warrant further investigation.
At the present time, physicians are all too often reduced to treating the debilitating cough of IPF with opiates as part of an end-of-life pathway. There is thus an urgent need for better treatments which can only be developed through our better understanding of the cough reflex in IPF.
Competing interest
The author declares that he has no competing interests.
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Dagnell C, Grunewald J, Kramar M, Haugm-Olsen H, Elmberger GP, Eklund A: Neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors in sarcoidosis; granulomas as a source of expression.
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Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2010, 119:641-645. PubMed Abstract
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American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment: international consensus statement.
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Hope-Gill B, Hilldrup S, Davies C, Newton R, Harrison NK: A study of the cough reflex in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Key AL, Holt K, Hamilton A, Smith JA, Earis JE: Objective cough frequency in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Swigriss JJ, Stewart AL, Gould MK, Wilson SR: Patients' perspectives on how idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis affects the quality of their lives.
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Raghu G, Freudenberger TD, Yang S, Curtis JR, Spada C, Hayes J: High prevalence of abnormal acid gastroesophageal reflux in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Hope-Gill B, Kilduff C, Counter M, Thomas G, Harrison NK: Non-acid gastroesophageal reflux in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Perng DW, Chang KT, Su KC, Wu YC, Wu MT, Hsu WH: Exposure of airway epithelium to bile acids associated with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms: a relationship to transforming growth factor-beta 1 production and fibroblast proliferation.
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Chan KK, Ing AJ, Laks L, Cossa G, Rogers P, Birring SS: Chronic cough in patients with sleep disordered breathing.
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Sundar KM, Daly SE, Pearce MJ, Alward WT: Chronic cough and obstructive sleep apnea in a community-based pulmonary practice.
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Jung H, Choung RS, Talley NJ: Gastroesophageal reflux disease and sleep disorders: evidence for a causal link and therapeutic implications.
J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010, 16:22-29. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Pillai M, Olsen AL, Huie TJ, Solomon JJ, Fernandez-Perez ER, Brown KK: Obstructive sleep apnoea does not promote esophageal reflux in fibrosing interstitial lung disease.
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Fahim A, Dettmar PW, Morice AH, Hart SP: Gastroesophageal reflux and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective study.
Harrison NK: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a nervous cough?
Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2004, 17:347-350. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Jones RM, Hilldrup S, Hope-Gill BDM, Eccles R, Harrison NK: Mechanical induction of cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Cough 2011, 7:2. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Jones RM: Studies on the pathogenesis of the cough reflex in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. MD thesis. University of Swansea; 2012.
Ricci A, Graziano O, Bronzetti E, Saltini C, Sciacchitano S, Cherubini E: Increased pulmonary neurotrophin protein expression in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.
Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2007, 24:13-23. PubMed Abstract
Lutherer LO, Nugent KM, Schoettle BW, Cummins MJ, Raj R, Birring SS: Low-dose oral interferon-α possibly retards the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and alleviates cough in some patients. (Letter).
Thorax 2011, 66:446-447. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Van den Bergh O, Van Diest I, Dupont L, Davenport PW: On the psychology of cough.
Lung 2012, 190:55-61. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Horton MR, Santopietro V, Mathew L, Horton KM, Polito AJ, Liu MC: Thalidomide for treatment of cough of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomized trial.
Ann Int Med 2012, 157:398-406. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text


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If you've been through downtown Bowling Green recently, you know it's almost impossible to go more than a couple of blocks without hitting a red light.
Now city government wants to change that.
This afternoon the city commission met to hear the results of a signal light study that says a new upgrade to the system could dramatically improve traffic flow and cut down on accidents.
The new software would coordinate between state and local traffic lights and would cost around $1.3 million.
City planners are also considering the possibility of turning State, College and 10th streets into 2-way traffic corridors but that could cut down on parking.
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I'm confused as to how a girl can be "good" in bed in a heterosexual relationship? What does it mean to be good at sex?
This is an entry from Arianna at Fearfree, one of the many wonderful guest posts in the month-long blog carnival to help support Scarleteen!
I throw around the words "fear" and "silence" often when it comes to sex ed. They're loaded terms, perhaps, but these words best describe my experiences with sex education: my emotional reaction and everyone else's approach, respectively. These words describe what I feel is not often expressed in the sex education debate.
True, it's hard to use the "Little Mary Sue is scared" argument to a bunch of adult policymakers who believe that a child will "get over" whatever scare tactics they might use in sex education. I have indeed heard it argued that it is okay to use fear in sex education because, well, incurable STIs are out there right now. You can see the logic: if children grow out of believing in the boogeyman, then certainly they will grow out of being told that condoms have pores that let HIV through, right? At least by the time that they areRead more...
Im 13 and a vigin and my boyfriend is 13 and not a vigin, and we're 100% ready 2 have sex, but the problem is that hes in south carolina and im in minnsota. Wen I lived in sc he went 2 my skool and we never talked. But there was a girl that would always say bad stuff about him, like hes slept wit every girl in the skool and hes such a bad guy, blah blah blah. so 1 day i messaged him on myspace and i gave him my number 2 txt me. i wanted 2 hear his side of the story. we got 2 no each other and we fell in love. im just worried that hes not done with his cheating ways, n that after we have sex hes gunna leave me. 1 of his ex's says that hes telling her that he doesnt love me and that he wuld cheat on me, but it depends on who. and that hes jus using me. idk wat 2 believe anymore!! i love him with all my heart and we believe were soulmates!!! ive never felt like this b4. and he says the same thing. my question is: how do ik he is gunna change and not leave me? and how do ik hes not jus tellin me wat i wanna hear? he says that im gunna b perfect in bed, but im jus so worried that im not gunna b as gudas he hopes. how do ik i'll b good? i really need 2 no!! im desperatly confused and dk wt 2 do!!!! my mom says he means wat he says 2me and that she's been threw sumthin like this. my heart says to stay with him and my gut says that stay with him but yor gunna get hurt. i jus dk. i really need help!! Thanks Heather!!!
How do I find out if my girlfriends flirting and talking about other guys? She says she doesn't, she's begging me to trust her but how can I if we are in a long-distance relationship?
My first blog! AHH!
Deep breaths. Right.
What I want to give is a quick individual early view of therapy and talk about my visit to the counseling service at my University; my first ever experience with therapy. The hope is that hearing what it was like for me would be a help to you if you are considering counseling and want to actually go for it.
In life, generally, we can get ourselves in a pickle and need someone to talk to. Our friends and families love us, they can have great advice, but sometimes it doesn't match up with what we need or want and we don't want to offload on them or ask them for some new advice and tell them some of their well-meaning words didn't work and "so... can we try something else?". Which is how I have felt a lot of the time.
There has been a long time where counseling has been available and would have been a good idea to try... yet I didn't go. Now that I've gone, it hasn't been because things have escalated in any way or because I've reached some sort oRead more...
I recently turned 24 and I have never been in a real relationship. I am in love with my best friend, with whom I have had a very interesting and painful 4 year friendship. He took my virginity at the age of 21, and he is one of 2.5 guys I have slept with; he is the only one I have hooked up with more than a couple times. He has cheated on two different girl friends with me, and he tells me he loves me but he has always been very clear that he will never be in a relationship with me. I have asked him a couple of times why. After a lot of beginning, he finally gave me list of everything that is physically and mentally wrong with me.
Information on this site is provided for educational purposes. It is not meant to and cannot substitute for advice or care provided by an in-person medical professional. The information contained herein is not meant to be used to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease, or for prescribing any medication. You should always consult your own healthcare provider if you have a health problem or medical condition.


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Hi Everyone!
This will be my first clipless (now clips+sraps) i am debating between those two, as they have a patform which will allow to use other shoes so which pedal you reccomend:Crank Bros Mallet or Time Atac Z (control)?
please let me kow your experience whith these pedals, or suggest a better alternative.


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The 10th Best New Band in NME's top 50 list of 2010, this Los Angeles five-piece are indie noisemakers who arrived in the wrong decade. Their sound captures elements of 90s heroes Modest Mouse, Pavement, the Breeders, Pixies or perhaps Sonic Youth at their most tuneful. After only two EP releases, the buzz around this band has been incredible and 2011 looks set to seem them catapult from the American underground to the worldwide overground. Please show them your love! "Like Dinosaur Jr meeting the Moldy Peaches in a secret cove at sundown" - The Guardian.
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Due to an editing error, a letter by Amy Vance posted online Feb. 8 and published Feb. 11 incorrectly characterized the position of opponents of Proposition 8. The letter should have read, "These proponents of the Prop. 8 ban claim that they want to 'treat every American equally.' "
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This new job would most certainly endear Pheto to thousands of Batswana and interestingly, her husband is none other than the famous gospel star, Bafana 'Phempheretlhe' Pheto of Lekunutu Le Morena fame.
"I have always wished to be a presenter and when I saw an advert on Btv to the effect that they were looking for a new presenter, I thought I should give it a try," Pheto told Arts & Culture in an interview.
Since Sedibeng is popular, it is safe to assume that Pheto had to compete with hundreds of aspirants who applied for the job some time early last year and fortunately she was one of the few shortlisted.
According to Pheto, it took a long time before she got a response from Btv as she only got to know that she had clinched the job early this month (June).
This was most certainly another 'gift' for the dentist who gave birth to the latest addition to the family, Pearl, four months ago.
This makes this young woman a family woman, dentist and presenter all rolled into one and she says that determination and dedication is what helps her hold down the three jobs simultaneously.
The 33-year-old Pheto told Arts & Culture that she although she was a first-time presenter, she is comfortable in the new job and she has quickly adjusted.
The presenter says being a presenter for Sedibeng does not take much of her time as she spends only a week in the studio.
The Serowe-born presenter demonstrated that she was a force to reckon with since she has always been a straight A student a school.
After finishing her national service in Kanye in 1993, she entered the University of Botswana (UB) where she did her Pre-Entry Science Course (PESC) before proceeding to study for her Bachelor of Science (Bsc).
Pheto then went to the University of Missouri in St Louis, United States of America (US) in 1997 and in the same year she transferred to Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska State, where she continued studying for her Bsc graduating in May, 1999.
In August of the same year, she decided to study dentistry in the same university.
"I chose to be a dentist because I felt being a general practitioner would deny me the chance of specialising," Pheto told Arts & Culture in an earlier explanation.
It was while still at the dental school that she married Phempheretlhe in June 1999 and the two celebrated the 10th anniversary of their wedding in June last year. They have three children, Phenyo (6), Pako (3) and Pearl (four months).
According to Pheto, when she met her husband when he was not the celebrity he would later become and the
common denominator in their marriage was Christianity not their careers.
Pheto further says that the young couple have always supported each other's careers such that after they married, Pheto put his successful career on hold in 2002 and relocated to the US where they nurture their young marriage.She says that she has always supported her husband's career.
"When you get married to someone, you identify with his or her dreams and that becomes your vocation to help him or her to achieve that dream."
Pheto says that despite the female attention that her husband got as a gospel artist, she never feels threatened because she trusts him as a man of God.
The presenter also asserts that her husband and children are supportive of her new job, which has made things easier for her.
Phempheretlhe also told Arts & Culture that he supports his wife's new job.
"I have no problem with my wife being a presenter and I support her as she always supported me as a musician," Phempheretlhe told Arts & Culture in an interview.
Although Phempheretlhe was once a leading musician in the country, he has since shifted his focus on business although he recently released a DVD of his latest album. Now it is time for the other half of this enviable couple to have share of the limelight.
Nowadays, the young dentist is working hard to improve her Setswana because in Sedibeng, she is not expected to pepper her Setswana with English, which has proved to be a challenge.
"As you know, it is common for young Batswana to throw a few English words and phrases into their conversations even when they are supposed to be speaking in Setswana and that has to change because in Sedibeng I am supposed to speak in perfect Setswana," she told Arts & Culture.
According to the presenter, a typical day for shooting Sedibeng begins with her speaking to her producer to familiarise herself with the items in the programme. If she has to interview a personality, she acquaints herself with her or him by chatting to him prior to the studio interview. Before getting into the studio, she would meet the make-up artists to do facials her making and then change into the wardrobe provided by Truworths.
She told Arts & Culture that when she made her debut, she was naturally nervous because she knew that the whole country would be watching her but nowadays she is comfortable in front of the cameras.
One can only hope that this woman whose motto is, "try to aim for the moon and if you miss you will land on one of the stars," will realise her full potential


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THE OKLAHOMAN You're viewing an article from The Oklahoman's newsroom. Print subscribers have Full Access to a premium experience at Oklahoman.com.
Wewoka's Sorghum Day Festival is all about the syrup
WEWOKA — They come for the syrup.
Each October, about 30,000 people come to Wewoka for the annual Sorghum Day Festival, which includes a 5k run, art and photography contests, a car show, a parade and a rodeo.
"There's all kinds of events going on there, all kinds of things," said Dan Houser, a local grower. "But the main focus is making sorghum syrup."
Houser has been involved in growing sorghum crops for about 30 of the festival's 37 years. The cane is planted in the spring and harvested in time for the autumn celebration, when it's crushed by a sorghum mill, releasing juice that runs into a large pan.
"The juice comes out of the mill," Houser said, "and you boil it down until you get syrup."
Reducing it to the desired consistency takes time. Transforming the plants into syrup can take three or four hours, he said — but it's worth it.
Once the syrup is done, you have a sweet treat to put on pancakes or biscuits.
At the festival, it's served on fry bread, making it even more decadent.
This year's gathering will be from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. Saturday with activities at and near the Seminole Nation Museum, 524 S Wewoka. The event is being hosted by the museum and the city of Wewoka's Chamber of Commerce.
According to a news release, the festival got its start when a Rotary Club member was seeking something to donate to the museum in 1975. He considered buying a buggy but got a better deal on a 75-year-old sorghum mill, which cost him just $100.
Claude Wright, museum co-founder and a fellow Rotarian, saw the gift as an opportunity to show people how molasses is made. The mill was refurbished and in 1976 — the festival's first year — produced more than 40 gallons of syrup. Now, the release notes, the museum sells 400 gallons or more each year as its major fundraiser.
Relatively few people were around for that first celebration, but the event's popularity has grown, earning it coverage in an array of Oklahoma publications and honors from the state tourism department and the Frontier Country Marketing Association. The latter named Wewoka its "Tourism City of the Year" in 2003.
This year's entertainment, provided by the Oklahoma Arts Council, will include nationally acclaimed storytellers Will Hill and Jehnean Washington and teaching artist Albert Gray Eagle, who will provide instruction on flute-making.
Visitors will enjoy American Indian arts and crafts exhibitions, participatory art projects (such as mask making), regional foods and traditional American Indian dancing and music, as well as the 5k walk/run, parade and vendor offerings.
As for the syrup, Houser said it's too early to tell how much of it will be produced. The devastating 2011 drought and the hot, dry months this spring and early summer limited the sorghum yield. Recent rains, while helpful to the state at large, came too late to benefit Houser's crop.
Even if there isn't as much syrup as in previous years, one thing is certain: What is produced will be sweet and delicious.
"We put it on the fry bread, the Indian fry bread," Houser said. "It tastes so good."