text:
Order Granting Market Modification Pet. In Part And Denying In Part
Download OptionsReleased: November 25, 2013
Federal Communications Commission
Before the
Federal Communications Commission
Washington, D.C. 20554In the Matter of
Petition for Modification of Dayton, OH
Designated Market Area With Regard to
Docket No. 13-201
Television Station WHIO-TV, Dayton, OH
Adopted: November 25, 2013
Released: November 25, 2013By the Senior Deputy Chief, Policy Division, Media Bureau:
INTRODUCTION1. Cox Media Group ("CMG"), licensee of the CBS-affiliated station WHIO-TV ("WHIO") of
Dayton, Ohio, and located in the Dayton designated market area ("DMA") filed the above-captioned
petition for special relief seeking to include 42 Indiana and Ohio communities in its market for purposes
of the mandatory signal carriage provisions of the Communications Act.1 Indiana Broadcasting, LLC
("IB"), licensee of CBS-affiliate WISH-TV, Indianapolis, Indiana and MyNetworkTV-affiliate WNDY-
TV, Marion, Indiana, filed an opposition to the petition with respect to the 10 Indiana communities,2 and
Block Communications, Inc. ("BCI") licensee of ABC/CBS-affiliate WOHL-CD, Lima, Ohio, filed an
opposition to the petition with respect to 32 Ohio communities.3 WHIO filed a reply to both oppositions.4
For the reasons stated below, we grant in part and deny in part the petition for special relief.
Pursuant to Section 614 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the "Act"),
and implementing rules adopted by the Commission, commercial television broadcast stations, such as
WHIO, are entitled to assert mandatory carriage rights on cable systems located within their market.5 A
1 Petition for Special Relief of Miami Valley Broad. Corp., filed Aug. 12, 2013, at 1 ("Petition").
2 Opposition of Indiana Broadcasting to Petition for Special Relief, filed Sept. 3, 2013, at 1 n.1 ("IB Opposition").
3 Opposition of Block Communications to Petition for Special Relief, filed Sept. 3, 2013, at 1 ("BCI Opposition").
4 Reply to Oppositions to Petitions for Special Relief, filed Sept. 18, 2013 ("Reply"). BCI filed a Motion for Leave
to File Surreply on Sept. 30, 2013 to respond to WHIO's Reply to which WHIO filed a Response on October 28,
2013. However, because we have not relied upon any of the arguments or facts contested by the parties in these
pleadings, we find no extraordinary circumstances to warrant their addition to this proceeding. See 47 C.F.R. §
5 See Implementation of the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992, Broadcast Signal
Carriage Issues, MM Docket No. 92-259, Report and Order, 8 FCC Rcd 2965, 2975-77 ¶¶ 41-46 (1993) ("Must
Carry Order"). The Commission has subsequently extended mandatory carriage rights to digital television stations
Federal Communications Commission
DA 13-2250station's market for this purpose is its "designated market area," or DMA, as defined by the Nielsen
Company.6 The term DMA is a geographic market designation that defines each television market
exclusive of others, based on measured viewing patterns. Pursuant to the Commission's must carry rules,
cable operators have the burden of showing that a commercial station located in the same DMA is not
entitled to carriage.7 A cable operator can show that a station's signal, which would otherwise be entitled
to carriage, does not provide a good quality signal to a cable system's principal headend or is too distant
from that headend.8 Should a station fail to provide the requisite over-the-air signal quality to a cable
system's principal headend, it still may obtain carriage rights because under the Commission's rules a
station may provide a cable operator with specialized equipment, at the station's expense, which will
improve the station's signal to an acceptable quality at a cable system's principal headend.9 Particularly
important for this case however are the must carry notification procedures and the requirement that a must
carry complaint must be filed within 60 days of a cable operator's denial of a carriage demand.10
With respect to market modification petitions, under the Act, the Commission may
consider requests to modify market areas. Section 614(h)(1)(C) provides that the Commission may:
with respect to a particular television broadcast station, include additional communities
within its television market or exclude communities from such station's market to better
effectuate the purposes of this section.11
In considering such requests, the 1992 Cable Act provides that:
the Commission shall afford particular attention to the value of localism by taking into
account such factors as -
whether the station, or other stations located in the same area, have
been historically carried on the cable system or systems within such community;
(II) whether the television station provides coverage or other local service
to such community;
(III) whether any other television station that is eligible to be carried by a
cable system in such community in fulfillment of the requirements of this
section provides news coverage of issues of concern to such community or provides carriage
or coverage of sporting and other events of interest to the community;
under Section 614(a) of the Act and has amended its rules accordingly. See Carriage of Digital Television
Broadcast Signals First Report and Order, 16 FCC Rcd 2598, 2606 ¶¶ 15-16, 2610 ¶ 28 (2001) ("DTV Must Carry
Order"); see also 47 C.F.R. §76.64(f)(4).
6 Section 614(h)(1)(C) of the Communications Act, as amended by the Telecommunications Act of 1996, provides
that a station's market shall be determined by the Commission by regulation or order using, where available,
commercial publications which delineate television markets based on viewing patterns. See 47 U.S.C.
§ 534(h)(1)(C). Section 76.55(e)(2) of the Commission's rules specifies that a commercial broadcast television
station's market is its Designated Market Area as determined by The Nielsen Company. 47 C.F.R. § 76.55(e)(2).
7 See Must Carry Order, 8 FCC Rcd at 2990 ¶ 102.
8 47 C.F.R. § 76.55(c)(3).
9 Must Carry Order, 8 FCC Rcd at 2991 ¶ 104.
10 See 47 C.F.R. § 76.61(a)(5).
11 47 U.S.C. § 534(h)(1)(C).
Federal Communications Commission
DA 13-2250(IV) evidence of viewing patterns in cable and noncable households within
the areas served by the cable system or systems in such community.12
4. In adopting rules to implement this provision, the Commission indicated that requested
changes should be considered on a community-by-community basis rather than on a county-by-county
basis, and that they should be treated as specific to particular stations rather than applicable in common to
all stations in the market.13 In the Modification Final Report and Order, the Commission, in an effort to
promote administrative efficiency, adopted a standardized evidence approach for modifications that
requires the following evidence be submitted:
(1) A map or maps illustrating the relevant community locations and
geographic features, station transmitter sites, cable system headend locations,
terrain features that would affect station reception, mileage between the
community and the television station transmitter site, transportation routes
and any other evidence contributing to the scope of the market.
(2) Grade B contour maps14 delineating the station's technical service
area15 and showing the location of the cable system headends and communities
in relation to the service areas.
(3) Available data on shopping and labor patterns in the local
(4) Television station programming information derived from station
logs or the local edition of the television guide.
(5) Cable system channel line-up cards or other exhibits establishing
historic carriage, such as television guide listings.
12 Id.
13 Must Carry Order, 8 FCC Rcd 2965, 2977 n.139.
14 Service area maps using Longley-Rice (version 1.2.2) propagation curves may also be included to support a
technical service exhibit. The Longley-Rice model provides a more accurate representation of a station's technical
coverage area because it takes into account such factors as mountains and valleys that are not specifically reflected
in a traditional Grade B contour analysis. In situations involving mountainous terrain or other unusual geographic
features, Longley-Rice propagation studies can aid in determining whether or not a television station actually
provides local service to a community under factor two of the market modification test.
15 While the Grade B contour defined an analog television station's service area, see 47 C.F.R. § 73.683(a), with the
completion of the full power digital television transition on June 12, 2009, there are no longer any full power analog
stations. Instead, as set forth in Section 73.622(e), a station's DTV service area is defined as the area within its
noise-limited contour where its signal strength is predicted to exceed the noise-limited service level – which for
VHF stations is 28 dBu. See 47 C.F.R. § 73.622(e). Accordingly, the Commission has treated a digital station's
noise limited service contour as the functional equivalent of an analog station's Grade B contour. See Report To
Congress: The Satellite Home Viewer Extension and Reauthorization Act of 2004; Study of Digital Television Field
Strength Standards and Testing Procedures, 20 FCC Rcd 19504, 19507 ¶ 3, 19554 ¶ 111 (2005); Implementation of
the Satellite Home Viewer Extension and Reauthorization Act of 2004, Implementation of Section 340 of the
Communications Act, Report and Order, 20 FCC Rcd 17278, 17292 ¶ 31 (2005). See also Lenfest Broadcasting,
LLC, 19 FCC Rcd 8970, 8974 ¶ 7 n.27 (2004) ("For digital stations operating on channels 14-69 [UHF stations], for
market modification purposes the 41 dBu DTV service area contour is the digital equivalent of an analog station's
Grade B contour.").
Federal Communications Commission
DA 13-2250(6) Published audience data for the relevant station showing its
average all day audience (i.e., the reported audience averaged over
Sunday-Saturday, 7 a.m.-1 a.m., or an equivalent time period) for both
cable and noncable households or other specific audience indicia, such
as station advertising and sales data or viewer contribution records.16
5. Petitions for special relief to modify television markets that do not include the above
evidence shall be dismissed without prejudice and may be re-filed at a later date with the appropriate
filing fee. The Modification Final Report and Order provides that parties may continue to submit
whatever additional evidence they deem appropriate and relevant.
6. In the Carriage of Digital Television Broadcast Signals First Report and Order ("DTV Must
Carry Report and Order"), the Commission concluded that under Section 614(a) of the Act, digital-only
television stations had mandatory carriage rights, and amended its rules to reflect this.17 The Commission
also clarified its framework for analyzing market modifications for digital television stations.18 It found
that the statutory factors in Section 614(h), the current process for requesting market modifications, and
the evidence needed to support such petitions, would be applicable to digital television modification
petitions.19 While the Commission presumed the market of a station's digital signal would be
coterminous with that station's market area for its prior analog signal, it recognized that the technical
coverage area of a digital television signal may not exactly replicate the technical coverage area of its
former analog television signal.20 Therefore, in deciding DTV market modifications, the Commission
would take changes in signal strength and technical coverage into consideration, on a case-by-case basis.
DISCUSSION7. The issue before us is whether to grant WHIO's request to include the subject communities as
part of its television market for mandatory carriage purposes. WHIO, which is licensed to Dayton, Ohio,
is an affiliate of CBS and serves the Dayton, Ohio DMA. The Wayne County communities requested for
inclusion are located in Indiana and are part of the Indianapolis, Indiana DMA.21 The Allen County
communities22 requested for inclusion are located in Ohio and are part of the Lima, Ohio DMA, and while
the Auglaize23 County communities were assigned to the Dayton DMA in 2012-2013, WHIO asserts
16 47 C.F. R. § 76.59(b).
17 See 16 FCC Rcd 2598, 2606 ¶ 15, 2610 ¶ 28 (2001); 47 C.F.R. §76.64(f)(4).
18 See 16 FCC Rcd at 2635-36 ¶¶ 84-85. The Commission affirmed that for digital signal carriage issues, it would
continue to rely on the Nielsen Company's market designations, publications, and assignments it used for analog
signal carriage issues. See id. at 2636 ¶ 85.
19See DTV Must Carry Report and Order, 16 FCC Rcd at 2636 ¶ 85.
20 See id. In adopting technical rules for the digital transmission of broadcast signals, the Commission attempted to
ensure that a station's digital over-the-air coverage area would replicate as closely as possible its former analog
coverage area. See id. at 2636 ¶ 85 n.254, citing Sixth DTV Report and Order, 12 FCC Rcd 14588, 14605 ¶ 29
21 The Wayne County communities subject to the petition are Cambridge City, Centerville, Dublin, East
Germantown, Fountain City, Hagerstown, Milton, Mount Auburn, Richmond, and Spring Grove.
22 The Allen County communities subject to the petition are American Township, Auglaize Township, Bath
Township, Fort Shawnee, Harrod, Lima, Shawnee Township, Spencer Township, and Spencerville.
Federal Communications Commission
DA 13-2250Nielsen has indicated they will be part of the Lima DMA next year as well.24 We will first examine the
Wayne County Communities and then examine the Auglaize and Allen County communities.
Wayne County Communities8. The first statutory factor we consider in determining whether to grant a market modification
petition is "whether the station, or other stations located in the same area have been historically carried on
the cable system or systems within such community."25 WHIO states that Wayne County communities
have historically carried WHIO and other Dayton television stations. WHIO provides evidence that four
Dayton stations—including WHIO—currently carried in Wayne County have been carried there since at
least 2003.26 In fact, WHIO states it has been carried in many of the communities since commencement
of cable services in those communities.27
9. In its opposition, IB argues on behalf of its Indiana stations that WHIO's historical carriage
was merely due to a previous assignment of Wayne County to the Dayton DMA for "a few scattered
years."28 IB argues that now Nielsen has correctly assigned Wayne County to its home-state Indianapolis
DMA, the FCC should not "second-guess" Nielsen's determination.29 It argues Nielsen's placement of
Wayne County in the Indianapolis DMA demonstrates that Nielsen understands the reality that the Wayne
County communities are within the influence of the greater Indianapolis metropolitan area.30
10. In reply, WHIO argues that a political boundary such as a state border does not necessarily
serve to isolate Wayne County from WHIO.31 Furthermore, with respect to shopping and labor patterns,32
WHIO provides two examples of businesses located in Wayne County that use WHIO to reach their
customers as evidence of a close economic relationship between WHIO and Wayne County.33
11. The second statutory factor is "whether the television station provides coverage or other local
service to such community."34 WHIO provides Longley-Rice contour maps that demonstrate WHIO is
capable of providing over-the-air service to all of Wayne County.35 WHIO also provides exhibits
showing that Dayton is geographically closer to many of the Wayne County communities than
23 The Auglaize County communities subject to the petition are Buckland, Clay Township, Cridersville, Duchouquet
Township, German Township, Goshen Township, Jackson Township, Logan Township, Minster, Moulton
Township, New Bremen, New Knoxville, Noble Township, Pusheta Township, St. Johns, St. Mary's, St. Mary's
Township, Uniopolis, Union Township, Wapakoneta, Washington Township, Waynesfield, and Wayne Township.
24 Petition at 20.
25 47 U.S.C. § 534(h)(1)(C).
26 Petition at 10-11, Exhibit G.
27 Id. at 11. Specifically, it has been carried in the Centerville and Richmond communities since 1972, Spring Grove
since 1977, and the rest of the communities since at least 1992. Id. at 10-11, Exhibit G.
28 IB Opposition at 3.
29 Id.
30 Id. at 6-7.
31 Reply at 2-3.
32 See 47 C.F. R. § 76.59(b).
33 Petition at 19-20.
34 47 U.S.C. § 534(h)(1)(C).
35 Petition at Exhibit B.
Federal Communications Commission
DA 13-2250Indianapolis.36 Finally, WHIO also attaches a list of newscasts over a two-year period that contains all of
the news segments, as well as public affairs and political programming, high school sports score reports,
and weather alerts concerning Wayne County communities.37
12. IB argues that the geographic proximity of Dayton to Wayne County is not probative,38
particularly given that despite this proximity, and despite the fact that Richmond, Wayne County's main
employment center, abuts Ohio, and an interstate highway (I-70) connects the two regions, there is no
significant commuting between Dayton and Indiana.39 Furthermore, IB argues the Office of Management
and Budget's assignment of the Richmond community to a combined statistical area distinct from the
Dayton statistical area, demonstrates there is no social or economic interaction between Dayton and the
Wayne County communities.40
13. IB also argues that the WHIO's programming coverage of Wayne County communities is
mostly limited to one community, with no coverage whatsoever for six of the ten communities, an
inadequate amount for including the communities in WHIO's television market.41 The vast majority of
the segments concern Richmond or Wayne County in general,42 IB argues, and although WHIO claims 67
news segments for all ten communities over a period of twenty-four months, that is only the equivalent of
a single story per quarter per community and the station should not be permitted to extrapolate coverage
in one community to all other communities in the county.43
14. In reply, WHIO provides further evidence of its commitment to provide Wayne County
programming. It states it employs a reporter assigned to cover Wayne County, partners with a Wayne
County radio station that provides additional stories relevant to the Wayne County communities, and
maintains a Wayne County weather camera.44 Finally, WHIO appears to argue that any disproportionality
in coverage may be explained by the fact that Wayne County is rural with mostly small communities, and
hence most stories of interest arise in the largest or most popular areas, such as Richmond. However,
WHIO notes that residents of the smaller communities in Wayne County are impacted by county-wide
issues such as education and public safety, which is why such material should be considered relevant.45
36 See id. at Exhibit E. WHIO asserts the Wayne County communities are an average of 44.5 miles from its
transmitter, with distances ranging from 37 to 54 miles. See id. at 12, Exhibit E. We note, however, that WHIO's
own exhibit shows that two of the communities—Mount Auburn and Dublin—are actually closer to Indianapolis
than to Dayton. Another community—Cambridge City—is listed as being equidistant from both cities at a distance
of 52 miles. See id. at Exhibit E.
37 See id. at Exhibits I, J.
38 IB Opposition at 7.
39 Id. at 5. IB states only approximately 1.81% of Wayne County Indiana residents commute to the state of Ohio
and approximately 1.94% of Wayne County's workers commute from anywhere in Ohio. See id. at nn.7-8 (citing
40 Id. at 5-7.
41 Id. at 3-4
42 Id. at 3-4 (stating that in a two-year period, WHIO aired four short news segments related to Centerville, one each
related to Hagerstown and Cambridge City and 33 mostly-crime stories related to Richmond, but none to Spring
Grove, Mount Ashburn, Dublin, Fountain City, Milton and East Germantown); see also Petition at Exhibit I.
43 IB Opposition at 4.
44 Reply at 5-6.
45 Id. at 6; see Petition at 14.
Federal Communications Commission
DA 13-225015. The third statutory factor is "whether any other television station that is eligible to be carried
by a cable system in such community in fulfillment of the requirements of this section provides news
coverage of issues of concern to such community or provides carriage or coverage of sporting and other
events of interest to the community."46 Neither WHIO's petition and reply nor IB's opposition addresses
this statutory factor for the Wayne County communities, but it is generally held not to weigh against a
television station that is seeking to add communities to its market.
16. The fourth statutory factor concerns "evidence of viewing patterns in cable and noncable
households within the areas served by the cable system or systems in such community."47 WHIO argues
that its programming receives significant ratings in the Wayne County communities, and it provides
Nielsen survey reports indicating its ratings over a time period in 2012 and another time period in 2011.48
WHIO states that these ratings numbers show at least a moderate viewership, which is sufficient for
market modification purposes.49 A review by the Commission of Nielsen's 2013 data shows that WHIO
has a share of 6 and a total average cume of 39 in Wayne County during the Sunday-Saturday, 7 a.m.-1
a.m. time period.50
17. In light of the record, we will grant WHIO's petition with regard to the Wayne County
communities. We do not agree with IB's argument that we should rely completely on Nielsen's DMA
assignment for market modification purposes. To the contrary, the purpose of market modification is to
determine a station's market based on an analysis of certain statutory and other factors, a process distinct
from that which Nielsen performs to determine its DMA assignments.51 WHIO has a history of carriage
in Wayne County. All of the Wayne County communities are predicted to receive Grade B coverage
under Longley-Rice analysis and all of them fall inside WHIO's Grade B contour line. Most of the
communities are located closer to Dayton than Indianapolis. We agree with IB that most of the WHIO
programming concerning Wayne County presented for our review is concentrated on the community of
Richmond with very little coverage of the other communities, if any. Nevertheless, we accept WHIO's
explanation that Richmond, as the largest community in Wayne County, naturally receives a
disproportionate amount coverage and has events of significance to the smaller nearby communities. The
third factor is not applicable to the instant analysis. Finally, WHIO garners a strong total share/cume
viewership value. Accordingly, by virtue of its historical carriage, its signal coverage of the Wayne
County communities, and its viewership values, the Wayne County communities will be included in
WHIO's market.52
46 See 47 U.S.C. § 534(h)(1)(C).
47 See id.
48 See Petition at 17-19, Exhibit K.
49 Id. at 17.
50 2013 County Coverage Summary for Wayne County, IN, the Nielsen Company.
51 See 47 U.S.C. § 534(h)(1)(C).
52 IB has not argued that the addition of WHIO to Wayne County would displace the carriage of its in-market CBS
affiliate WISH, nor have we been provided with data to determine which affiliate is closer to the relevant cable
system headend so as to potentially displace the other. See 47 C.F.R. § 76.56(b)(5) ("A cable operator is not
required …to carry the signals of more than one local commercial television station affiliated with a particular
broadcast network, as defined in § 76.55(f). However, if a cable operator declines to carry duplicating signals, such
cable operator shall carry the station whose community of license reference point, as defined in § 76.53, is closest to
the principal headend of the cable system."). Accordingly, this did not factor into our consideration of this case.
Federal Communications Commission
Auglaize and Allen County Communities18. In the Auglaize and Allen County communities, WHIO argues it meets the first statutory
factor because of its long history of carriage. WHIO states that it has been carried in Cridersville,
Minster, New Bremen, and Wapakoneta since 1972; New Knoxville, St. John's, Uniopolis, and
Waynesfield since 1992; Duchoquet Township and Moulton Township since 2003; and, Clay, German,
and Pusheta Townships since 2009.53 Although WHIO indicates it is currently being carried in Noble,
Washington, Logan, St. Mary's, Jackson, Wayne, Goshen and Union Townships, as well as Buckland,54 it
concedes it could not ascertain when service was extended to these remaining communities, and it does
not assert WHIO has an extensive history of carriage in these areas.55
19. In Allen County, WHIO indicates that it has been carried in Fort Shawnee and Lima since
1972; American Township, Bath, and Shawnee Township since 1979; Spencer Township and
Spencerville since 1982; and, Harrod and Auglaize Township since 1987.56 In its opposition, BCI
concedes that WHIO has provided evidence of historic carriage by cable systems in the Auglaize and
Allen Counties, but replies that BCI stations have also been historically carried by cable systems in these
20. Regarding the second statutory factor, WHIO provides contour maps demonstrating its
coverage over the air to the Auglaize and Allen Counties.58 WHIO argues that it is within close
geographic proximity to Auglaize and Allen Counties.59 WHIO states it is located on average 56.6 miles
from all Auglaize County communities, with the closest – Minster and Jackson Township at 46 miles and
Cridersville, the furthest at 64 miles. WHIO is also on average 68.4 miles from all Allen County
communities, including 71 miles from the furthest - American and Bath Townships - and 66 miles from
the closest, Fort Shawnee .60 WHIO argues that labor data also support the conclusion that more Auglaize
County residents commute to the Dayton DMA to work than to Lima DMA counties and that more than
three times as many commuters come to Auglaize to work from Dayton DMA counties than from the
Lima DMA.61 Finally, WHIO provides exhibits listing its programming with news segments devoted to
53 Petition at 22.
54 Id. at Exhibit M.
55 Id. at 22 n.68.
56 Id. at 31-32.
57 BCI Opposition at 10 n.35, Exhibit I (showing that while WOHL has been carried since at least 2009, its CBS
predecessor, WLMO, was carried since 2006). BCI argues prior precedent that historical carriage alone is of
marginal assistance where a system has historically carried signals from both television markets at issue. Id. (citing
Group W Television, Inc., 10 FCC Rcd 2737, 2741 ¶21 (CSB 1995)).
58 Petition at 23, 32, Exhibit B. WHIO's 41 dBu noise-limited service contour, the functional equivalent of an
analog Grade B contour, covers almost all of the Auglaize county communities with only Cridersville, Logan and
Wayne Townships falling on the contour line itself. See id. at Exhibit B-A, Predicted 41 dBu Contour. In Allen
County, WHIO concedes all of the communities fall outside its 41 dBu service contour. See id. at 32. However, the
Longley-Rice predicted coverage map WHIO supplies shows it covers all of Auglaize and almost all of Allen
County with the exception of partial/spotty coverage of American and Bath Townships. See id. at Exhibit B-2A.
59 See id. at 23, 32.
60 Id. at 23, 32, Exhibit A.
61 Id. at 24 n.74 (3916 Auglaize residents work in the Lima DMA and 4849 work in the Dayton DMA. 1448 Lima
DMA residents work in Auglaize versus 4513 residing in Dayton DMA and working in Auglaize.) (citing U.S.
Census Bureau, County-to-County Workflow Files, Ohio, Residence County, available at
Federal Communications Commission
DA 13-2250the Auglaize and Allen County communities.62 WHIO points out that in 1980, it organized its Northern
Bureau, dedicating a portion of its newsgathering staff and facilities to covering news in the northern
portion of the station's market, including Auglaize County.63 WHIO states it aired 65 news segments
concerning Auglaize County over a two-year period as well as approximately 210 weather advisories
since September 2010.64 In addition, WHIO also provides coverage of weather, high school sports, and
other local interest stories to these communities.65 With respect to Allen County communities, WHIO
states it has aired 22 news segments over a two-year period, though it does not describe its weather
coverage of Allen communities.66 However, WHIO also asserts it provides additional coverage of public
affairs, high school sports, and agricultural reports concerning Allen County.67
21. BCI has filed an opposition, arguing that its stations serving the Lima DMA provide better
over-the-air coverage to the counties than WHIO.68 Moreover, BCI stations are much closer in proximity
to both counties' communities than WHIO.69 And, BCI asserts it provides far more local programming to
the two counties than WHIO provides, airing over 10,000 news, weather and sports related segments
regarding Allen and Auglaize in the same time period – 175 stories per week concerning Allen County
communities and 20 such segments per week for Auglaize County.70 BCI argues that WLIO's staff of
three meteorologists prioritizes weather warnings for Allen and Auglaize County, providing both live
weather coverage and pre-storm warnings.71 Finally, BCI argues WHIO's high school football reporting
largely concentrates on schools in the current Dayton DMA and does not provide the same local coverage
as BCI's Lima stations' football and sports coverage shows.72
22. BCI argues that its stations provide substantially more local programming and better service
than WHIO.73 As the Commission has said in the past, we believe Congress intended for this third
statutory criterion to enhance a station's market modification claim where it could be shown that other
stations did not serve the communities at issue.74 Because other stations do serve the communities, this
http://www.census.gov/population/metro/files/commuting/Table1.xlsx &
62 See id. at 25, 33-34, Exhibits N, S.
63 Id. at 21.
64 Id. at 25-26, Exhibit N. Our review of these reports show that the vast majority of WHIO News segments are
directed at St. Mary's/St. Mary's Township, Wapakoneta, New Bremen, Minster and Waynesfield.
65 Id. at 25-27, Exhibit O.
66 Id. at 33-34, Exhibit S.
67 Id.
68 BCI Opposition at 11. BCI's stations share news, with NBC affiliate WLIO distributing its news to its three sister
stations, including to WOHL (CBS) such that the morning, early and late evening news programs are simulcasts.
See id. at 3 & n.6. Although the ABC and CBS affiliates do not make their own news, the revenue they generate
fuels the combined news program. See id.
69 Id. at 13.
70 Id. at 17-18 (noting that according to its own numbers, WHIO provides less than a story a year to Auglaize
County, and only 22 stories to Allen over two years)
71 Id. at 19.
72 Id. at 20.
73 See supra notes 68–72.
74 WTNH Broadcasting, Inc., 22 FCC Rcd 19761, 19768 ¶13 (2007).
Federal Communications Commission
DA 13-2250factor neither weighs against nor in favor of WHIO's modification request.
23. Regarding the fourth statutory factor, WHIO argues it achieves significant ratings in the
Auglaize and Allen County communities. It attaches exhibits to demonstrate that WHIO was the highest
rated television station in Auglaize County in every single daypart during 2012.75 In Allen County,
WHIO argues that its ratings demonstrate that viewers in the communities are part of WHIO's market.76
WHIO notes that such ratings exceed ratings showings that past Commission rulings have required for
satisfying the fourth statutory criteria.77 BCI retorts that good ratings do not necessarily equate to a
mistake by Nielsen in determining the appropriate DMA for a community or that the requested areas are
part of WHIO's market, and Nielsen moved Auglaize County to the Lima DMA as a result of its 2013-
2014 DMA Review.78 WHIO also emphasizes that Auglaize and Allen County are part of WHIO's
economic market because WHIO has a strong relationship with advertisers in both counties.79
24. Outside of the statutory factors, BCI raises several other points against granting WHIO's
petition. First, BCI questions WHIO's need for must carry status in Auglaize and Allen Counties in light
of its strong ratings performance and the unlikelihood of its being dropped from coverage.80 BCI notes
that the likely continued voluntary carriage of WHIO in both Auglaize and Allen cable systems
distinguishes WHIO's case from those in the past where the Commission granted market modification to
ensure a station's continued carriage.81 Conversely, BCI asserts that it would be harmed by the grant of
WHIO's petition because it would grant the station must carry rights to 70 percent of the population of the
Lima DMA.82 Because BCI's CBS affiliate is a low power station carried on a sub-channel and holding
no mandatory carriage rights, its ability to be carried would be severely weakened.83 BCI also argues that
such a market modification would thus benefit an out-of-market station at the expense of the in-market
station, disrupting the economic expectations underlying network affiliation agreement that WOHL-CD2
would be the locally carried CBS affiliate.84
75 Petition at Exhibit P. A review by the Commission of Nielsen's 2013 data shows that WHIO has a share of 9 and
a total average cume of 62 during the Sunday-Saturday, 7 a.m.-1 a.m. time period in Auglaize County. The only
station with a greater share was the Lima-based station WLIO, which garnered a share of 11 and a similar total
average cume of 62. In contrast, EOHL (the Nielsen designation for the in-market CBS affiliate WOHL-CD2)
obtained only a share of 1 and an average cume of 11.
76 Id. at 29.
77 Id. at 36. A review by the Commission of Nielsen's 2013 data shows that WHIO has a share of 4 and a total
average cume of 30 during the Sunday-Saturday, 7 a.m.-1 a.m. time period in Allen County. This is below the 21
share and 77 total average cume of the Lima-based WLIO, and the share of 6 and a total average cume of 47 of
ELIO (the Fox subchannel of WLIO). The ratings are comparable to the in-market CBS affiliate EOHL which
garnered a rating of 3 share and a total average cume of 29, whereas the primary channel, WOHL, has a share of 3
and average cume of 34.
78 BCI Opposition at 22-23.
79 Petition at 29-30, 36-37 (stating that Auglaize and Allen County companies use WHIO to regionally advertise, - a
sign that these counties are part of its economic market.).
80 Id. at 5-6.
81 Id. at 5 n.20.
82 Id. at 6.
83 Id.
84 Id. at 24-26; see also Broad Street Television, L.P., 10 FCC Rcd 5576, 5578 ¶ 12 (1995); Guy Gannett
Communications, Inc., 13 FCC Rcd 23470, 23478 ¶ 21 (1998), aff'd, 15 FCC Rcd 10762 (2000); Pacific & Southern
Federal Communications Commission
DA 13-225025. WHIO responds that it has no intention of intruding into BCI's market in Auglaize or Allen
County, or expanding into areas where it is not already available, but it wants to maintain the status quo
with respect to its continued carriage in the communities in question.85 WHIO points out that the cable
systems in both counties already carry both WHIO and BCI's CBS affiliate, WOHL-CD2, even though
the systems are not required to carry the latter due to its status as a low power station,86 and it asserts that
there is no reason a cable system cannot carry both WHIO and BCI stations' signals, including their HD
26. We agree with BCI that its stations serve the Auglaize and Allen County communities with
more programming than WHIO. However, the only CBS affiliate in the Lima market, WOHL-CD2, is
broadcast on the secondary channel of a low power station and therefore holds no carriage rights unless it
is the designated primary stream.88 Furthermore, low power stations' carriage rights are limited and may
be subordinated to those of a full power station licensed to the same community.89 Here, WOHL-CD2's
entire news content is provided by its sister station – full-power station, WLIO licensed to the same
community and county.90 Therefore, while we would typically resist adding an out-of-market affiliate to
in-market affiliate's market, so as to not unduly upset the concept of affiliation, this rationale has less
applicability here.
27. We find that WHIO meets the statutory market modification factors with respect to the
Auglaize County communities. All of the Auglaize County communities are predicted to receive Grade B
coverage under Longley-Rice analysis and all but three of the communities fall inside WHIO's Grade B
contour line with those three located on the contour line. WHIO is also located an average of 56.6 miles
from all Auglaize County communities and has provided 65 news segments concerning Auglaize County
over a two-year period as well as weather, high school sports, and other local interest coverage. WHIO
also garners a substantial total share/cume viewership value of 9/62 in Auglaize County. Given the
station's history of carriage, its provision of local programming, and the meaningful viewership shares
Co., Inc., 14 FCC Rcd 4558, 4565 ¶ 25 (1999); Harron Communications Corp., 14 FCC Rcd 4547, 4556 ¶ 26 (1999)
(the "Portland Cases").
85 Reply at 10.
86 Id. at 11-12.
87 Id. at 9. WHIO cites the lack of any opposition by cable systems to the petition as evidence of this assertion. Id.
88 A digital broadcaster dividing its signal into several multicast streams may designate only one of its programming
streams as its "primary video" stream entitled to mandatory carriage. See Carriage of Digital Broadcast Signals,
Amendment to Part 76 of the Commission's Rules, CS Docket No. 98-120, First Report and Order and Further
Notice of Proposed Rule Rulemaking, FCC 01-22, 16 FCC Rcd 2598, 2622 ¶ 57 (2001) ("First Report and Order")
("[W]e conclude that "primary video" means a single programming stream and other program-related content … [I]f
a digital broadcaster elects to divide its digital spectrum into several separate, independent and unrelated
programming streams, only one of these streams is considered primary and entitled to mandatory carriage. The
broadcaster must elect which programming stream is its primary video, and the cable operator is required to provide
mandatory carriage to only such designated stream."). The Commission subsequently affirmed this conclusion on
reconsideration. Carriage of Digital Broadcast Signals, Amendment to Part 76 of the Commission's Rules, CS
Docket No. 98-120, Second Report and Order and First Order on Reconsideration, 20 FCC Rcd 4516, 4532 ¶ 33 &
4537 ¶ 44 (2005) ("Second Report and Order").
89 See 47 U.S.C. 534(h)(2) (providing that a low power station's qualification for carriage hinges on the absence of
any full power station serving the community), see also Implementation of the Cable Television Consumer
Protection and Competition Act of 1992, Broadcast Signal Carriage Issues, MM Docket No. 92-259, Report and
Order, 8 FCC Rcd 2965, 2981 ¶ 62 (1993).
90 A low power station cannot qualify for carriage if a full power station is licensed to the same county and if local
news and informational needs are being met by that full power station. See 47 C.F.R.§ 76.55(d)(2) & (6).
Federal Communications Commission
DA 13-2250garnered by WHIO in these communities, we will grant the addition of the Auglaize County communities
to WHIO's television market for mandatory carriage purposes.
28. We decline to add WHIO to the Allen County communities. None of the Allen County
communities are located within WHIO's Grade B contour line although Longley-Rice indicates it covers
almost all of Allen County with the margin of its signal, with the exception of partial/spotty coverage of
American and Bath Townships. Although WHIO has provided 22 news segments concerning Allen
County over a two-year period and has a total share/cume of 4/30, we note that Allen County contains the
core or hub of the Lima DMA. In granting the Commission authority to modify market areas to better
effectuate the purpose of Section 614, Congress manifested no intent for us to alter the basic structure of
designated market areas.91 We believe that based upon the record in this proceeding, the goal of
protecting the integrity of a market is best served by denying WHIO must-carry status for those
communities located in Allen County.92
ORDERING CLAUSES29. Accordingly,
IT IS ORDERED, pursuant to Section 614(h) of the Communications Act of
1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. § 534, and Section 76.59 of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R. § 76.59, that
the captioned petition for special relief (CSR-8824-A), filed by Miami Valley Broadcasting Corp.,
IS DENIEDwith respect to the Allen County communities requested.
30. This action is taken pursuant to authority delegated by Section 0.283 of the Commission's
Steven A. Broeckaert
Senior Deputy Chief, Policy Division
Media Bureau
91 See Agape Church, Inc., 14 FCC Rcd 2309, 2318 ¶30 (1999); see also Free State Communications, LLC, 24 FCC
Rcd 7339, 7349-50 ¶24 (2009).
92 See id.
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Jason Fox: Played only four games
- Filed Under
There's an old saying in professional sports, and it certainly applies to offensive tackle Jason Fox.
"It's not just ability, it's availability," coach Jim Schwartz said. "It's an old cliché, but it's true in situations like that."
Fox, a fourth-round pick out of Miami (Fla.) in 2010, is entering the final year of his rookie contract and doesn't have much to show for his first two years with the Lions. ...


text:
Tattoo Blunder May Haunt "Vice-President"
Updated: 04/09/2014 - Julia Louis-Dreyfus better hope her latest tattoo is a temporary one.
Updated: 04/09/2014 - Julia Louis-Dreyfus better hope her latest tattoo is a temporary one.
Posted: 04/09/2014 - Owners of SLS Las Vegas say they're now taking online reservations for the new hotel opening up on the north end of the Strip.
Updated: 04/09/2014 - The WWE says James Hellwig, better known as former pro wrestler The Ultimate Warrior, has died. He was 54.
Posted: 04/08/2014 - NBC is launching a national talent search for comedy writers.
Posted: 04/08/2014 - Not even Archie Andrews is immortal in the world of comics.
Posted: 04/08/2014 - "Game of Thrones" rules.
Posted: 04/08/2014 - A Nevada jury is awarding comedian George Wallace $1.3 million in damages for a leg injury he says he suffered while performing at a Las Vegas Strip resort in 2007.
Posted: 04/08/2014 - Get ready for more flying sharks.
Posted: 04/07/2014 - An entertainment agent says Peaches Geldof, the daughter of entertainer Bob Geldof, has died at the age of 25.
Posted: 04/07/2014 - NBC CEO Steve Burke said Monday he doesn't believe Tina Fey or Jay Leno will be in the running to replace Letterman.
Posted: 04/07/2014 - Che Cruz is due to appear in a Los Angeles courtroom for an initial court appearance Monday. He also faces a misdemeanor charge of violating a court order for returning to Gomez's home Friday.
Posted: 04/07/2014 - The comic-book-adapted sequel, starring Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson and Samuel L. Jackson, continues the massive success of Disney and Marvel's superhero franchise.
Posted: 04/07/2014 - Barbara Walters plans to make her final appearance on "The View" on May 16, part of a daylong retirement celebration that will include ABC News naming its New York headquarters after her.
Updated: 04/07/2014 - Actor Mickey Rooney, a Hollywood legend whose career spanned more than 80 years, has died. He was 93.
Posted: 04/05/2014 - A 5-year-old San Diego boy has outwitted the sharpest minds at Microsoft - he's found a backdoor to the Xbox.
Posted: 04/05/2014 - Authorities say they have re-arrested a man who was ordered to stay away from the home of Selena Gomez.
Posted: 04/04/2014 - Anheuser-Busch Inbev said Friday it will contribute $3 million over five years to NCAA efforts intended to raise awareness about problems with alcohol.
Updated: 04/04/2014 - With David Letterman retiring, Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti is wasting no time trying to restore the balance of late-night talk to the West Coast.
Posted: 04/04/2014 - The Boss will close out three days of performances in Dallas that will keep NCAA Final Four fans rocking.
Updated: 04/04/2014 - Attorneys for magician David Copperfield and several current and former Las Vegas stagehands say they're talking about settling a pair of lawsuits.
Updated: 04/07/2014 - A jury in Las Vegas could hear closing arguments Friday in comedian George Wallace's personal injury lawsuit against a Strip resort where he injured his leg while performing in December 2007.
Updated: 04/03/2014 - David Letterman says he's retiring next year as host of "Late Show."
Posted: 04/03/2014 - If you love drama in your life April is your month.
Updated: 04/03/2014 - Josh Elliott, the popular member of ABC's Good Morning America is headed to NBC to be part of the network's sports broadcasts.
Updated: 04/02/2014 - Jon Cryer knows a thing or two about Charlie Sheen and many other Hollywood actors. Soon the rest of the world will as well.


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On Campus
North Carolina Poet Laureate Shelby Stephenson will visit campus Oct. 14 as part of the ECU Contemporary Writers Series. Stephenson has been called "North Carolina's Poet of the Common Man."
Stephenson grew up on a small farm near Benson in eastern North Carolina. During his time as poet laureate, Stephenson plans to implement three programs: leading writing workshops in assisted living and retirement homes; raising awareness of using archives; and promoting writing about farming. While at ECU, he'll meet with students and give a public reading.
One of the few Westerners to interview Osama bin Laden face-to-face, Peter Bergen, will present the Premiere Lecture, "Making Sense of a Troubled World," Sept. 29 as part of the 2015-16 Voyages of Discovery series.
Peter Bergen
Bergen is a print and television journalist, documentary producer and author of four books, including his most recent work, Manhunt: The Ten-Year Search for bin Laden, from 9/11 to Abbottabad. He is director of national security studies program at the New America Foundation in Washington, D.C., and CNN's national security analyst.
The Voyages of Discovery series Lecture on Religion and Culture will feature Raymond Moody, emeritus professor of consciousness studies at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas on Oct. 27. He is the author of 14 books, including Life after Life (1975) and Glimpses of Eternity (2010.) Moody, who holds a medical degree and a doctorate of philosophy, is best known for his study of near-death experiences and his interviews with people around the world who had these occurrences. This lecture had to be rescheduled from February because of bad weather.
Ticket information for the Voyages of Discovery lecture series is available at www.ecu.edu/voyages.


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Macs in cars: a roundup (with video)
updated 01:35 pm EST, Tue February 21, 2006
Macs in cars roundup
Leftlane News has several interesting stories on Mac mini installations in various cars, including an Audi A6, Infiniti M45, and Ford F-150. The Mac mini has been a popular add-on for car customizers, because of its compact size and quiet operation. The latest specimen is a Toyota Prius with touch-screen control over Front Row. The user configured various points on the screen to emulate the Front Row remote, acting as back, forward, up, down, menu, and play buttons. The reports can be found below:


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All quotes tagged Imagination
(1903 quotes found)
"A man is merely a boy, who upon entering a dark room, does not close his eyes, but instead closes his mind. His glare into nothingness is as illuminating as his potential to advance mankind."
"Imagination, where colors and ideas collide, and where thoughts give birth to greatness and creativity of explosive magnitudes.- Davon Walker"
""The year 3000, its today YO. Those who are living the day will know. Yo, I lived, I breathed as if I know you guys of the 30th century. I have lived in the 20th century though. Imagination takes you everywhere right. I have already imaged you guys, dance and shit, celebrate with you. My imagination had already touched you. Present or past?, Or am high" It's not present, I have passed. May be am high !!!"
"Imagination is intelligence having fun. Action is imagination working hard. Failure is action learning from experience. Success is failure always steering itself back on track towards the goal."
"We were feeling really powerless and frustrated. We were literally trying to imagine what we could do to change how we were being talked about and represented and portrayed. I don't think there's any other family celebration that's so public and so well covered."
"If imagination were to be a person,he would have been a great friend with music,together with love."


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Q4 Preview: Buybacks Drive Recent Yahoo! (YHOO) Gains, Buy Investors Will Need More
Yahoo! (Nasdaq: YHOO) shares are trading lower Monday afternoon
heading into the Company's fourth-quarter 2012 report, expected out
after markets close today.
The Street consensus currently sees Yahoo! reporting EPS of 28 cents on revs of $1.21 billion. The numbers compare with EPS of 25 cents and revs of $1.17 billion in the same period last year.
Shares of Yahoo! have been on the rise since the company's third-quarter report issued last October. Since then, the stock is up about 27 percent, recently hitting a new 52-week high at $20.52. Much of the upside on the last half-year has been attributed to CEO Marissa Mayer. Having worked at Google (Nasdaq: GOOG) for a number of years and spearheading several key projects, investors are speculating that some of the best may yet come as transformations take hold at the one-time Internet search leader.
Goldman Sachs is looking for EPS of $0.24 and many of the results to come in-line with consensus views. The firm says some of the focus will be on financial guidance for 2013 along with comments on Yahoo!'s plan to drive growth while controlling costs, buyback updates, the Mexican court ruling, and search RPS. The firm noted that, "Page views in October and November 2012 declined by 15.4% yoy versus -12.5% in 3Q12, according to comScore. Engagement (average monthly minutes per user) was 117 in Q4 vs 123 in Q3. Declining share across the company's core properties, email, finance, sports, entertainment, etc will continue to pressure revenue growth, even as we continue to see monetization improvement in the search business."
Notably, Goldman notes that some of the recent appreciation may be due to aggressive repurchases by the company. Yahoo! still has about 64 percent of buybacks remaining which Goldman thinks will be a major catalyst moving forward.
Cantor Fitzgerald sees EPS of $0.21 and revs of $1.22 billion. Cantor sees strong areas as Display and Search, while materially lagging the industry in overall growth rates. Search, ex-TAC will likely grow 10.3 [prcent to $414 million while Display will see just 0.5 percent of upside to $550.5 million.
Investor focus points from Cantor: "We expect CEO Mayer to provide a progress report on investments/traction in Mobile, on programmatic ad selling, on Search (possible renewal of the RPS guarantees with Microsoft) and on the stock buyback. Additionally, with CFO Goldman having had a quarter to settle in, we may hear a discussion about potential restructuring plans."
According to Streetinsider.com's Ratings Insider , about seven analysts have a Buy rating on Yahoo!, 23 have a Neutral rating, and three maintain a Sell. The average price target is $18.70, ranging from $13 to $26.
Yahoo! is down about 0.4 percent, just off of session lows.


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Padraig Power of the IRFU explains the commercial and financial importance of the Guinness Series to rugby in Irela
Connacht's fate against Munster on Saturday will be decided on the training field, according to coach Pat Lam.
Connacht sit top of the Pro12 pile but Munster must focus on their own game, says head coach Anthony Foley.
The Irish provinces have traditionally provided succour in times of distress for the national side - but not this t
Luke Fitzgerald remains confident that Leinster can reach the quarter-finals of the Champions Cup, despite making i


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STAR TREK INTO DARKNESS - Grading & Discussion [SPOILERS]
View Single Post
May 11 2013, 08:17 PM
Rear Admiral
Location: In the bleachers
Re: STAR TREK INTO DARKNESS - Grading & Discussion [SPOILERS]
Aike wrote:
Franklin wrote:
Ulva wrote:
Well, the only mention of Khan's backstory in TWOK is when Chekov tells Terrell that Khan is a criminal and a product of late 20th century genetic engineering. Then Khan says Kirk stranded them on Ceti Alpha V.
As far as Harrison's motivations go, they may have been less recognizable than Khan's in TWOK (who was motivated only by pure, blinding revenge) because they were more subtle or nuanced (protect his commrades -- eventually free them, then go from there).
The scene with Spock Prime bothers me. I hope there's context to it. Why can't Spock find out about Khan from the ship's library computers, like in "Space Seed"? And from what I've heard (not having seen the movie yet), Spock Prime really doesn't say anything helpful.
Because Spock doesn´t need historical facts of who Khan was and what he did. He doesn´t trust Khan, but he needs to get some information to confirm his own view. And he needs a way to beat him. Then, the logical thing is to call Spock Prime. He just can´t get the info he needs from the ship´s computer. Anyway, the whole conversation between them isn´t shown. So we have to imagine what Spock Prime tells Spock.
I was worried about this scene just being a fanwank, but it works well and feels natural in the movie. And, of course, it is great seeing Nimoy again
Good. It also addresses the "Will they or won't they?" question about picking Spock Prime's brain in crucial situations that was a topic of these boards for quite a while. Apparently, Spock will. Why not? Spock Prime is a resource. As you said, it's logical.
Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect. -- Mark Twain
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About a year ago I co-founded a networking group geared toward experienced, successful professionals. What I didn't anticipate was that many of these highly competent and engaging individuals struggled with networking. In off-line conversations they admitted to a host of challenges. Here are just a few of the things they shared with me:
- "I'm self-conscious in informal networking settings. I meet interesting people, but inside I'm so uncomfortable that I'm not fully present in the conversation."
- "I know that I should be asking the other person thoughtful questions, but sometimes my mind just goes blank."
- "My elevator speech isn't effective, no matter how many times I practice it and revise it. It feels like a speech instead of a conversation-starter."
- "Networking conversations seem too forced and contrived to me. They just don't feel natural."
These talented people are certainly well-informed about how to network. They read extensively about the topic. They attend seminars and webinars about networking. They know what to do, but putting that knowledge into practice is another matter entirely.
For most of these individuals, it isn't that they don't know enough about networking. Rather, they don't know enough about themselves. They don't understand the psychological barrier that prevents them from using the networking skills they already possess.
Most networking experts are quick to point out that the process is not about you; it's about getting to know others and determining how you can help them. The individuals in my group would readily and enthusiastically agree with that notion. They are sincerely interested in others and yet in networking situations they still feel ill at ease and distracted by their internal state instead of focusing on the people they're meeting. Why does that happen?
In some cases it's because they get tripped up by their expectations. They tend to remember past networking encounters that didn't go well, forgetting about the ones that were uneventful or even good. Because of their selective memory, they anticipate that subsequent networking encounters will be uncomfortable. As a result they're primed in advance to notice any feelings of self-consciousness or anxiety, and that distracts them from connecting with the person in front of them.
In other cases it's because they've prepared themselves on the outside but not on the inside. They rehearsed their elevator speech so that they would sound natural. They put business cards in their pocket and made sure their shoes were shined. They may have even thought about topics for conversation. All of that is fine, but it has very little to do with getting to know others and trying to help them. There is a disconnect between what they've prepared for versus what they're trying to accomplish. No wonder they're uncomfortable.
Here are some things you can do to prepare for a networking event:
- Remind yourself that your goal is not simply to collect business cards and that it is unlikely you will meet someone who is a perfect match for your service. Your primary goal is to get to know people and to determine how you might help them.
- Look through your list of contacts. Identify at least a half dozen people you could envision attending the networking event with you. Now that they're top of mind, you'll be better prepared to connect them to new people you meet at the event.
- Give some thought to how you can get to know the people you'll be meeting. Don't want to get stuck in the same old tired dialogue? Then don't ask the same old questions. I know a successful young man who attends a lot of networking events. He hates being asked, "So, what do you do for a living?" because in his experience the discussion that follows is usually inane. With apologies to those in the insurance industry, he now replies, "I'm an insurance salesman." Most people make a hasty retreat, and he can spend his time engaged in more meaningful and interesting conversations.
You might not agree with that person's conduct, but the point here is to think about how you can draw people out. I sometimes start out by asking, "What types of people were you hoping to meet here?" I also like to make sure that I have a clear understanding of the other person's work, so I often ask, "When I'm with my clients, how would I know if they are a perfect fit for your service? Put more simply, what should I be listening for?"
Encounters between even the most well-prepared and thoughtful networkers can occasionally falter. Sometimes the conversation just doesn't flow, the conversation stalls despite your best efforts, or the two of you simply don't "click."
I know a businesswoman who used to shy away from networking situations because she feared getting stuck in conversations that went nowhere. She was concerned about appearing insincere or rude if she tried to extricate herself. I helped her rehearse a genuine yet gracious exit: "Thank you very much for telling me about your work. Hopefully I'll meet someone else here I can connect you with."
Networking can be enjoyable and profitable on many levels if you adopt the right mindset. A little bit of inner preparation can go a long way toward helping you focus outside of yourself, which is the best way to meet others.


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Pictures of Ashton Kutcher at No Strings Attached Sex Friends Press Call in Paris
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Ashton Kutcher Promotes Sex Friends in City of Love
Ashton Kutcher posed in front of the poster for Sex Friends, the French title for No Strings Attached, at a photocall in Paris today. The actor arrived in France with Demi Moore yesterday and will take his movie around Europe. He's attending a press conference in London tomorrow, where the winner of our competition will get to meet him, and we'll also be there to bring you all the news.
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Ford Escort
My escort won't pull a hill. I can drive on flat land all day long but when I try to go up a hill the car struggles and then dies it rolls back down and I have to get a running start on it.
November 4, 2007.
November 4, 2007.
Try checking the exhaust system for restriction could be a clogged-up catalytic converter/muffler
Nov 4, 2007.
Nov 4, 2007.
1986 Ford Mustang mileage: 139,000.I recently noticed that my catalytic converter was glowing bright orange and it started smoking very badly.What do I need to do to fix the problem...
1 answer • 1986 Ford Mustang • 139,000 miles
1991 Nissan Pathfinder mileage: 160,000. My Nissan Pathfinder stalled a few weeks back.(It's a 306E something engine, overhead, fuel injected.)Then we noticed a few days later that ...
1 answer • 1991 Nissan Pathfinder • 160,000 miles
Engine Performance problem 1996 Mercury Marquis V8 Two Wheel Drive Automatic 190000 miles My check engine light is on and I have been told that the catalytic converter is bad. ...
1 answer • 1996 Mercury Marquis


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Narrow your search
A clever glass lets you hold a moon, at various stages of the lunar cycle, in the palm of your hand.
The Fred & Friends Sip & Slide is a spoon that incorporates a slide whistle. So much for a nice quiet dinner.
Technically Incorrect: In a new book, the Science Guy says he's depressed at how such old technology is celebrated by so many. He wants Nascar to turn an exciting green.
Enceladus looks like a big ball of ice, but the mysterious spray near its south pole hints at something more. NASA's Cassini craft flies through a plume and takes a sip.
The warm interior ocean of this moon of Saturn is bursting through its surface and the spacecraft plans to dive-bomb the satellite for a sip.
Daniel Craig doesn't want to play the role of James Bond anymore, so Stephen Colbert has graciously offered his services and his almost-not-insulting British accent.
Scotch company Ballantine's designs a stylish drinking vessel engineered for sipping fine whisky in microgravity conditions.
The Joseph Joseph Scoop & Pick is a serving utensil that features an integrated skewer. The two-part construction makes it easy to snag slippery olives.
What puts the fizz into fizzy drinks? Appliance Science looks at the science behind carbonated drinks like soda, pop, Coke or Pepsi.
Volkswagen states, "The Passat BlueMotion Concept is being presented (to show) just how fuel-efficient a non-hybrid, gasoline-engined mid-size sedan can be."


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September 1, 2010
Preventive Cancer Surgeries Save Lives
(Ivanhoe Newswire) -- A recent study underscores the importance of genetic counseling and testing for women with family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Research shows women with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes live longer and virtually eliminate their risk of cancer by having prophylactic surgeries to remove their ovaries and fallopian tubes or their breast in a mastectomy.
"This is the first study to prove women survive longer with these preventative surgeries and shows the importance of genetic testing when there is a family history or early breast or ovarian cancer," Virginia Kaklamani, M.D., the director of translational breast cancer research at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University was quoted as saying. She is also an associate professor of medicine at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in addition to being an oncologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the source of roughly 10 to 20 percent of breast and ovarian cancers. "Most of these women will die of ovarian cancer, so you can save 20 percent of them with the prophylactic surgery, and you can save the majority of women who would have died of their breast cancer," said Kaklamani.
Options for these preventative surgeries have been improves and it is imperative that women are aware of the progression in preemptive technology. A laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy can be done in an out-patient setting with moderately low-risks, and cosmetic options for women receiving mastectomies have significantly improved.
SOURCE: Journal of the American Medical Association, September 2010.


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Leetsdale Ironman competing for a good cause
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For the fourth consecutive year, Leetsdale triathlete Jeremy Cornman will raise money for a local nonprofit while competing at the Ironman World Championship, to be held Oct.13 in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii.
Cornman, 33, and three other qualifiers are soliciting pledges from family, friends and businesses. Proceeds will go to Ballou Skies, which is devoted to raising awareness of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, a form that strikes boys.
Ty Ballou of Ben Avon founded the nonprofit several years ago in honor of his son, Ryan, 25, who was diagnosed with Duchenne when he was 5.
After raising money by himself in 2009, Cornman formed a team that holds fundraisers throughout the year. Over the past four years, Cornman and his teammates have raised $150,000, Ballou said.
Cornman said the team now has 16 members.
Joining Cornman at the Ironman World Championship will be his wife, Jocelyn, as well as Joe Vallese of Moon and Chad Holderbaum of Irwin.
Jocelyn Cornman, 33, will compete for the third consecutive year. Vallese, 42, and Holderbaum, 32, also have competed in the past.
The four will be among nearly 1,800 competitors who will run 26.2 miles, swim 2.4 miles and ride a bike for 112 miles, all in one day.
Jeremy Cornman finished last year in a personal-best 9 hours, 19 minutes and 39 seconds. The championship record is 8:03.56, set by an Australian last year.
"Your goal always is to finish (the championship)," Cornman said. "Helping Blue Skies gives you double incentive."
The nonprofit provides bright blue uniforms that Ballou said were easy to spot when he and his son attended last year's championship, when six team members competed.
"You could clearly see all the athletes from start to finish," Ballou said.
Cornman learned about the nonprofit while competing with Ballou on a masters swim team at the Sewickley YMCA.
"Ty approached me and asked whether I could help," said Cornman, who has competed as a triathlete for 13 years. "I told him I would be honored to do so."
"I'm half the athlete that Ty is," Ballou said. "As phenomenal as he is, it's more phenomenal what he and his wife have done for the charity."
Cornman and his teammates plan to leave for Hawaii on Saturday to acclimate themselves.
"We'll be tapering our training so we're rested," he said. "It's a beautiful setting for a championship.
"We all love going there."
The Ironman World Championship has been held annually in Hawaii since 1978.
Karen Kadilak is a freelance writer.
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SOCHI, Russia -- With the world's focus turned to Sochi, Russia, for Friday night's Opening Ceremony and the Olympic competitions to come, human rights activists hope to keep attention on the host country's law prohibiting so-called gay propaganda. They're facing a challenge.
Will there be a political statement like the Black Power salutes by Americans John Carlos and Tommie Smith at the 1968 Mexico City Summer Games? Will rainbow flags be unfurled at strategic moments?
Athletes are being asked their views and activists are planning ways to get attention, and yet Russians -- some of them -- are wondering what the fuss is all about.
Svetlana Rajaetskaya, owner of a women's clothing store in Sochi, said in a recent interview she's "indifferent" to the law. She said there's a gay population and a couple of gay clubs in Sochi, countering assertions that Sochi's mayor made on BBC that there aren't any gay people in his town.
"They are very accepting," Rajaetskaya said of Sochi residents' attitudes toward LGBT people. "If a gay person passes them in the street, they are very accepting."
In interviews before the opening of the Winter Games, Russian President Vladimir Putin said the LGBT community has nothing to fear from the anti-propaganda law.
"There's no danger for individuals of this non-traditional sexual orientation who are planning to come to the Games as visitors or participants," Putin told the BBC last month.
"If you want my personal attitude, I would tell you that I don't care about a person's sexual orientation," Putin said.
Alexander Galdenko, 25, who works at a movie house on the Black Sea waterfront promenade in Sochi, said he's devoutly religious and considers homosexuality a sin. Though unfamiliar with the details of the anti-propaganda law, Alexander said there shouldn't be laws that specifically target gay individuals.
"If you see guys walking hand-in-hand on the street, I would do nothing," Galdenko said. "What can you do? No, there should not be a law that oppresses anybody. It's life."
Rajaetskaya said she agrees with Putin that the law is nothing to fear. "Don't be afraid, don't be afraid with this," she said. "It's harmless."
But LGBT activists disagree. Human Rights First, an organization based in New York, has gathered anecdotes of LGBT Russians being attacked and persecuted on an increasing basis in the past year.
Human Rights First plans to send its own delegation to the Olympics, hoping to use spectator passes to distribute information about the law and the chapter in the Olympic charter, called Principle 6, that prohibits discrimination.
"We think it's really important that human rights do not get lost in the Olympics," said Shawn Gaylord, Human Rights First's advocacy counsel.
Some athletes have spoken out against the law. Australian snowboarder Belle Brockhoff, who is openly gay, told the BBC recently that she won't be waving any rainbow flags, but that she might raise six fingers -- after Principle 6 -- to show solidarity with the LGBT community. Some American athletes, notably figure skater Amanda Wagner and skier Bode Miller, have voiced criticism.
But little else has been said publicly by athletes.
Still, governments and outsiders are finding ways to let their views be known. President Barack Obama, while dismissing calls for a boycott, appointed three gay former Olympians to the official U.S. delegation. (One of them, tennis great Billie Jean King, has had to back out to care for her ailing mother.) Other members of the delegation have been outspoken in favor of gay rights.
Just this week, a diversity organization in Canada aired an advertisement showing two men lunging back and forth on a luge with the tag line, "The Olympics have always been a little bit gay. Let's keep them that way."


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Originally posted by Dennis the Phantom Menace
Wouldn't it be 1AM PST?
Wouldn't it be 1AM PST?
ooops. my bad again I'm on a roll today. I could have sworn that I had also read somewhere that the G5 had 5 times as many transistors as the G4, but that's not true and now I write PM instead of AM. I really need to get some serious sleep.


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The Danish Girl
The Danish Girl lacks an immediacy and vibrancy, as well as a genuine sense of emotional connection.
The Danish Girl lacks an immediacy and vibrancy, as well as a genuine sense of emotional connection.
A documentary that damages a billion-dollar business where it counts.
"The Ballad of Narayama" is a Japanese film of great beauty and elegant artifice, telling a story of startling cruelty. What a space it opens…
Patrice Leconte's "Monsieur Hire" is a tragedy about loneliness and erotomania, told about two solitary people who have nothing else in common. It involves a…
An AFI Fest 2015 report on "The Big Short" and the Q&A that followed with the filmmakers and stars.
A table of contents featuring the complete coverage of AFI Fest 2015 at RogerEbert.com.
Matt Zoller Seitz reviews and reflects upon Jesse Eisenberg's New Yorker piece about film critics.
An article about Spike Lee's Honorary Oscar at the 2015 AMPAS Governors Awards.
FFC Jana Monji on the multi-platform, three-day broadcast event Big Blue Live.
FFC Jana Monji on the specific cultural details within "The Assassin."
Valerie Weiss on "A Light Beneath Their Feet"; Death of the video store; Stephen Cone on "Home for the Holidays"; Chatting with Kartemquin's Gordon Quinn;…
Assistant Editor Nick Allen tackles the Movie Love Questionnaire.
"Atonement" begins on joyous gossamer wings, and descends into an abyss of tragedy and loss. Its opening scenes in an English country house between the wars are like a dream of elegance, and then a 13-year-old girl sees something she misunderstands, tells a lie and destroys all possibility of happiness in three lives, including her own.
The movie's opening act is like a breathless celebration of pure heedless joy, a demonstration of the theory that the pinnacle of human happiness was reached by life in an English country house between the wars. Of course that was more true of those upstairs than downstairs. We meet Cecilia Tallis (Keira Knightley), the bold, older daughter of an old family, and Robbie Turner (James McAvoy), their housekeeper's promising son, who is an Oxford graduate, thanks to the generosity of Cecilia's father. Despite their difference in social class, they are powerfully attracted to each other, and that leads to a charged erotic episode next to a fountain on the house lawn.
This meeting is seen from an upstairs window by Cecilia's younger sister Briony (Saoirse Ronan), who thinks she sees Robbie mistreating her sister in his idea of rude sex play. We see the same scene later from Robbie and Cecilia's point of view, and realize it involves their first expression of mutual love. But Briony does not understand, has a crush on Robbie herself, and as she reads an intercepted letter and interrupts a private tryst, her resentment grows until she tells the lie that will send Robbie out of Cecilia's reach.
Oh, but the earlier scenes have floated effortlessly. Cecilia, as played by Knightley with stunning style, speaks rapidly in that upper-class accent that sounds like performance art. When I hear it, I despair that we Americans will ever approach such style with our words, which march out like baked potatoes. She is so beautiful, so graceful, so young, and Robbie may be working as a groundsman but is true blue, intelligent and in love with her. They deserve each other.
But that is not to be, as you know if you have read the Ian McEwan best seller that the movie is inspired so faithfully by. McEwan, one of the best novelists alive, allows the results of Briony's vindictive behavior to grow offstage until we meet the principals again in the early days of the war. Robbie has enlisted and been posted to France. Cecilia is a nurse in London, and so is Briony, now 18, trying to atone for what she realizes was a tragic error. There is a meeting of the three, only once, in London, that demonstrates to them what they have all lost.
The film cuts back and forth between the war in France and the bombing of London, and there is a single (apparently) unbroken shot of the beach at Dunkirk that is one of the great takes in film history, achieved or augmented with CGI though it is. (If it looks real, in movie logic, it is real.) After an agonizing trek from behind enemy lines, Robbie is among the troops waiting to be evacuated, in a Dunkirk much more of a bloody mess than legend would have us believe. In the months before, the lovers have written, promising each other the happiness they have earned.
Each period and scene in the movie is compelling on its own terms, and then compelling on a deeper level as a playing out of the destiny that was sealed beside the fountain on that perfect summer's day. It is only at the end of the film, when Briony, now an aged novelist played by Vanessa Redgrave, reveals facts about the story that we realize how thoroughly, how stupidly, she has continued for a lifetime to betray Cecilia, Robbie and herself.
The structure of the McEwan novel and this film directed by Joe Wright is relentless. How many films have we seen that fascinate in every moment and then, in the last moments, pose a question about all that has gone before, one that forces us to think deeply about what betrayal and atonement might really entail?
Wright, who also directed Knightley in his first film, "Pride and Prejudice," (2005) shows a mastery of nuance and epic, sometimes in adjacent scenes. In the McEwan novel, he has a story that can hardly fail him and an ending that blindsides us with its implications. This is one of the year's best films, a certain best picture nominee.
Matt Zoller Seitz reviews and reflects upon Jesse Eisenberg's New Yorker piece about film critics.
The film that Fox packaged with "Star Wars" to get theaters to play a little space opera no one had heard of was "The...
An article about Spike Lee's Honorary Oscar at the 2015 AMPAS Governors Awards.


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Family & Relationships
Staten Island's relationship central: Romance, marriage, parenting, and family
Posts from community blogger Jim Smith
• Lesbian love leads to unique engagement 11:41 AM
• LGBT community offered free ticket to Whoopi Goldberg show 2:32 PM
• 'Coming Out Day' set for Sunday, Oct. 11 1:21 PM
- Melissa Chapman on parenting in Kids in the City
Blog posts
• Holiday Essentials for Kids 4:51 PM
• Three things dads can do RIGHT now to build strong relationships with their daughters 8:44 AM
• Tips to help your kids AVOID that weekend brain drain 9:26 AM
Featured Story
Staten Islanders fondly remember their first car
By Staten Island Advance
March 25, 2014, 3:08PM
Mechanical frailties aside, those first wheels hold a special place in an owner's memories Full story »
Telling story of her girlhood survival of the Holocaust brings Staten Island woman's life full circle
By Kathryn Carse | email@example.com
March 09, 2015, 10:36AM
Lucie Burian Liebman reunites with long lost relative during emotional meeting in Sea View Full story »
Holiday Essentials for Kids
By Melissa Chapman
December 08, 2014, 4:44PM
So it's true we are Jewish, which means we don't have a tree, we don't have a Santa and as a lover and NOT a competitor I am not that mom who is trying to create a Chanukah-like Christmas for my kids. Sure singing carols and trimming a tree would be fun- but I really feel like it is... Full story »
Three things dads can do RIGHT now to build strong relationships with their daughters
By Melissa Chapman
November 19, 2014, 8:39AM
As the mother of a girl, I know all too well how utterly important it is for my daughter to have a strong relationship with her father. When I watch her with her father, his very presence ignites a little twinkle in her eye; their silliness and mutual adoration for one another is so palpable, at times I feel a... Full story »
Tips to help your kids AVOID that weekend brain drain
By Melissa Chapman
November 15, 2014, 9:14AM
I am not one of those mothers who refuses to have a television in my house or ban video games for fear it will rot my kids brains. I consider myself an everything in moderation type of mom. Of course, throughout the school year, it's easier for me to limit my kids' intake of electronic media since they're aware it... Full story »
WATCH: Kickboxing flash mob makes for legendary Staten Island proposal
By Mark D. Stein | email@example.com
June 13, 2014, 8:00AM
Tina LoCasto had no idea what she was getting into when she headed to a kickboxing fundraiser in New Dorp on June 8. Full story »
Singles group plans its Spring into Summer party
By Elise G. McIntosh | email@example.com
May 13, 2014, 12:31PM
STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. -- Saint Francis Catholic Singles — a circle of men and women in their 30s, 40s, or 50s, who wish to deepen their Catholic spirituality and meeting like-minded peers — invites Islanders to its 13th Annual Spring-into-Summer Party. Join the organization for dinner, wine and dancing by the waterfront at The Mansion... Full story »
Sleeping in separate beds can be a dream for couples
By Associated Press
May 13, 2014, 12:20PM
Author has the best night's sleep she's had in years in a twin bed without her hubby at her side Full story »
Haven't had the sex talk? Better begin
By James Windell | For the Staten Island Advance
May 13, 2014, 11:57AM
To truly be effective in talking to your teen about sexuality, you must have ongoing conversations Full story »
With help, 13 Staten Islanders turn their lives around
By Elise G. McIntosh | firstname.lastname@example.com
May 13, 2014, 10:58AM
13 young people graduate from the Arches mentoring program, which aims to help young people on probation stay out of trouble Full story »
New Springville resident starts a dating site solely for Staten Islanders
By Elise G. McIntosh | firstname.lastname@example.com
May 06, 2014, 3:15PM
STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. -- Distance may make the heart grow fonder, but it also can put a serious dent in one's wallet. That was the main complaint David Acevedo had of his last relationship with a woman he had met online. The 22-year-old lives in New Springville and his now-ex resides an hour away in New Jersey. During the... Full story »
The impact of childhood bullying is felt late in life
By James Windell | For the Staten Island Advance
May 06, 2014, 1:07PM
50-year-long study shows it can affect one's health, psychological functioning and social life as an adult Full story »
Mother's Day is a dark time for loss survivors
By Associated Press
May 06, 2014, 1:04PM
The holiday is a painful one for those whose mom, or child, is gone Full story »
4 Staten Islanders write touching tributes about the most important woman in their life: Mom
By Elise G. McIntosh | firstname.lastname@example.com
May 06, 2014, 1:00PM
BP Oddo, Lois Nicotra, Justice Barbara Panepinto and Rev. Troia explain what their mothers mean to them Full story »
Distance makes parents' clutch stronger
By Carolyn Hax/Tell me about it
May 06, 2014, 12:58PM
Even with their daughter a continent away, Mom and Dad are trying to micromanage her life Full story »
Teen finds meaning in '50s popularity book
By Associated Press
May 06, 2014, 12:47PM
'Modern geek' tries the tips in Betty Cornell's guide as a test to see if it can help her make friends Full story »
- Talk to other Staten Island parents
Seamstress on Rieglemann st by mommadonna 8:28 AM Driver Ed, Driver Education, Driving Lessons by davyduck 11:46 AM ST John Villa Academy by Snowman123456 10:34 AM Helicopter Parents... by 1oldbag 10:41 PM


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Despite the 'couch potato' allusion, potatoes are actually quite healthy if not deep-fried. If boiled or cooked without oil like in this recipe, the goodness of potatoes is really tapped. A real delicacy, this recipe lets you take advantage of the rich potassium content in potato, without worrying about an increasing waistline as the side effect!
Preparation Time: 15 Minutes   Cooking Time: 30 Minutes
Makes 4 serving
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Liberty Boxing Hand Wraps$4.99
- Size: 2" x 180"
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- Ideal for bag training and wrist support
Liberty Sport Training Curved Punch Mitts$24.99Designed for partner training, our mitts feature a curved punching surface and hand slots for a solid grip. Made of impact resistant foam and polyurethane covering. Sold in pairs. • Designed for partner training • Curved Structure • Hand slots for solid grip • Made of durable polyurethane • Sold in pairs • Imported Learn More
Liberty Sport Training Thai Pads$29.99
• Designed for partner training
• Reinforced handle and hook & loop closure
• Lightweight, high-density foam padding
• Durable polyurethane coating
• Sold as a pairLearn More
Focus Mitt: Vinyl Curved Focus Mitts$24.99
- Dual foam protection
- Polyurethane outer coating
- Naturally curved
- Comfortable hand compartment
Focus Mitt: Curved Leather Striking Focus Mitt$39.99
Liberty's Curved Focus Mitts are designed to help you train your focus and concentration for your every strike. These curved mitts are naturally contoured to the hand to help aid in fast action striking without compromising comfort. Liberty's focus mitts are usually worn two at a time to help provide martial arts and boxing students with combination punch training. The Liberty Curved Focus mitts are available in 4 different colors; Black/Grey, Black/Yellow, Black/Red, Black/Blue. Train like a professional mixed martial artist with Liberty's curved focus mitts!
- Extra thick protection
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- Comfortable hand compartment


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After you've enrolled in Mabuhay Miles, take one simple step to experience online convenience!
Define your password now by accomplishing this form. When you click "Continue", you can already check your account balance, view your activity statement and update your personal details online!
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- KNIA / KRLS - http://kniakrls.com -
Marlene Hargens
Posted By Sports On June 16, 2014 @ 3:09 pm In Funeral Service Announcements | Comments Disabled
Funeral services for Marlene Hargens age 77 of Pleasantville formerly of Manning will be Thursday June 19th at 11am at the Ohde Funeral Home in Manning with burial in the Manning Cemetery. Visitation will be one hour prior to the service.
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URL to article: http://kniakrls.com/2014/06/marlene-hargens/
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Addicted to painting my nails
i know i get frustrated with that too, i never seem to let it dry or i always get a imprint or smudge it
so nice to hear that. all the best with new experiment..have fun
I use quick dry top coat. Wouldnt do nails withut it now!
Quoting blondiemomof2:
I use quick dry top coat. Wouldnt do nails withut it now!
Love painting my toes and that's my time to pamper myself when my husband and boys are sleeping. I use a quick dry top coat and works really good but I also have a little fan on to help out too,.
I'm gonna totally have to try out this Quick Dry top coat =) Sounds handy!