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Celebrating 5 Years! Check out our ALL NEW Motivational Apparel Shop! Don't just read the motivation - ROCK IT!
"For me the joy of athletics has never resided in winning. I derive just as much happiness from the process as from the results. I don't mind losing as long as I see improvement or I feel I've done as well as I possibly could. If I lose, I just go back to the track and work some more." ~ Jackie Joyner-Kersee
Increase Your Results by Expecting to Win.
In our own lives, having a mind-set of expecting to win increases our odds of winning. It helps us get better results. And better results help us increase our credibility and self-confidence, which leads to more positive self-expectancy, and more winning – and the upward cycle continues. It becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy.
As Harvard Business School professor and writer Rosabeth Moss Kanter has observed, "Confidence consists of positive expectations for favorable outcomes… winning begets winning, because it produces confidence at four levels." The first of those levels, she says, is "self-confidence: an emotional climate of high expectations." The second level is "confidence in one another."
So if you want to increase your results, expect to win – not only for yourself, but also for your team. Not at all costs, but honorably. Not at the expense of others, but in conjunction with others. Expecting to win – and expecting others to win – is a fundamental approach of helping to bring it about.
—— —— ——
Source: The Speed of Trust by Stephen M. R. Covey
"If you want to play the game and win, you've got to play 'full out.' You've got to be willing to feel stupid, and you've got to be willing to try things that might not work – and if they don't work, be willing to change your approach. Otherwise, how could you innovate, how could you grow, how could you discovery who you really are?" ~ Anthony Robbins, Awaken the Giant Within
"A near win shifts our view of the landscape. It can turn future goals, which we tend to envision at a distance, into more proximate events. We consider temporal distance as we do spatial distance. (Visualize a great day tomorrow and we see it with granular, practical clarity. But picture what a great day in the future might be like, not tomorrow but fifty years from now, and the image will be hazier.)" ~ Sarah Lewis, The Rise
"In our own lives, having a mind-set of expecting to win increases our odds of winning. It helps us get better results. And better results help us increase our credibility and self-confidence, which leads to more positive self-expectancy, and more winning – and the upward cycle continues. It becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy." ~ Stephen M. R. Covey, The Speed of Trust
"Wanting to win isn't enough. You have to go through a process to improve. That takes patience, perseverance, and intentionality." ~ John C. Maxwell, Leadership Gold
Top 10 Vince Lombardi Quotes
…And how to harness one of the greatest powers on earth… Heart power.
"If you don't think you're a winner, you don't belong here." ~ Vince Lombardi
"Success is like anything worthwhile. It has a price. You have to pay the price to win and you have to pay the price to get to the point where success is possible. Most important, you must pay the price to stay there." ~ Vince Lombardi
"Winning is not a sometime thing, it is an all the time thing. You don't do things right once in a while…you do them right all the time." ~ Vince Lombardi
"People who work together will win, whether it be against complex football defenses, or the problems of modern society." ~ Vince Lombardi
"Without ambition one starts nothing. Without work one finishes nothing. The prize will not be sent to you. You have to win it." ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson
"For me, winning isn't something that happens suddenly on the field when the whistle blows and the crowds roar. Winning is something that builds physically and mentally every day that you train and every night that you dream." ~ Emmitt Smith
Hi, I'm Matt!...The guy behind the scenes. I started MoveMe Quotes in October of 2010 with the intention of creating a beautiful, ad-free website where the motivation had the priority - not the ads. Today, MoveMe Quotes welcomes well over 100,000 visitors/ month and I remain true to my original intentions by keeping MMQ an ad-free site so that you may experience the power of words in a distraction-free environment. If you find inspiration here or find yourself moved by our resources, please consider making a donation to help keep MMQ alive and beautiful. Thank you so much!


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Hillary Clinton Visit To Jacksonville Delayed Until Friday
Updated: 04/25/2008 - The Clinton campaign announced late this afternoon that that the New York senator's visit will be Friday, and not Thursday as first announced.
Updated: 04/25/2008 - The Clinton campaign announced late this afternoon that that the New York senator's visit will be Friday, and not Thursday as first announced.
Posted: 04/23/2008 - A century-old tombstone found on a Charleston houseboat came from a cemetery in West Virginia and may have been missing for more than 60 years
Updated: 04/23/2008 - While catch totals have dropped steadily over the last several years, the revenue for North Carolina fishermen has actually increased.
Updated: 04/23/2008 - Following last week's earthquake in the Midwest, the U.S. Geological Survey has released a new set of maps and information with updated information regarding earthquake risk.
Updated: 04/24/2008 - The employer of an accountant who killed himself after his Hilton Head Island clients went missing in March says an audit reveals the man embezzled $2.1 million from different companies.
Posted: 04/23/2008 - While students will now get the holiday off, they will have to attend class on the following Saturday.
Posted: 04/23/2008 - A part of Pamlico County will be without water tonight. That's because the county's water department and the DOT will be doing water line tie-ins.
Updated: 04/23/2008 - Third District Congressman Walter Jones wrote a letter to Navy Secretary Donald Winter. asking that the Hale's Lake site in Camden & Currituck counties be removed from consideration..
Posted: 04/23/2008 - A poll released by environmental groups says most North Carolina residents favor energy efficiency, conservation and alternative energy rather than building coal-fired power plants.
Updated: 04/23/2008 - Rameses XVII has been dethroned, by his own son.
Posted: 04/23/2008 - Fire crews plan to burn about 1,200 acres near a wildfire in western North Carolina to limit damage from the blaze.
Posted: 04/23/2008 - A team from East Carolina University is working to authenticate the possible artifact found in Kitty Hawk.
Posted: 04/23/2008 - An expert explains what kind of impact Hillary Clinton's win in the Pennsylvania primary has in North Carolina.
Posted: 04/23/2008 - Fire crews say they thought the fire was out, but the house fire in Beaufort County rekindled early Wednesday.
Updated: 04/22/2008 - A grizzly bear killed a trainer Tuesday at a private facility for exotic animals used in movies and television, authorities said.
Updated: 04/23/2008 - Hillary Rodham Clinton is the winner of the Pennsylvania primary.
Updated: 04/22/2008 - Camp Lejeune in Jacksonville celebrated Earth Day in a big way Tuesday with a visit from U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel Bodman.
Updated: 04/22/2008 - Folks near the Onslow-Duplin line had to deal with lots of rain, high winds and hail around dinner time Monday night.
Updated: 04/22/2008 - Five National Guardsmen from the same unit based out of Rocky Mount have died serving our country in Iraq in the past month.
Posted: 04/22/2008 - Whirlpool Corp.'s Evansville, Indiana plant has suspended 39 workers for smoking while claiming on their health insurance that they were non-smokers.
Posted: 04/22/2008 - Today the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services received a notice from the federal Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services of deferral of payment for a mental health program.
Posted: 04/22/2008 - Clinton suggested while campaigning at Duke University today that she doesn't believe voters should consider how her mother responded to Bill Clinton's affair when making judgments about her character.
Posted: 04/22/2008 - Michael Moore endorsed Obama in a posting on his Web site Monday. It includes praise for the Illinois senator and harsh words for Hillary Rodham Clinton, the Democratic Party and the Bush administration.
Updated: 04/23/2008 - Authorities say a 69-year-old Florida woman found an 8-foot long alligator prowling in her kitchen late Monday night.
Posted: 04/22/2008 - Nearly 300 firefighters from four states are working to contain a wildfire in western North Carolina that has burned more than 800 acres.

subset: commoncrawl


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I loooove this story! Super stoked for church tomorrow!
Hi Heather! Yes, her name's Kristin Jeong and she's one of our amazing Nursery and Toddler volunteers.
And as far as our team goes, between both schedules and serving times (We have an A and B team that rotate weeks of the month) we have 103 active volunteers.
Thanks for letting us serve your family!
on The City


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Poached pears on rye bread
For the pears
4 pears
500 ml water
4 earl grey sachets
2 tbsp cherry
1 cinnamon stick
1 tbsp honey
For the cream cheese:
150 gr cream cheese
50 gr butter
1 tsp honey
vanilla extract
For the rye bread
200g rye flour, plus extra for dusting
200g strong white or wholemeal flour
7g sachet fast-action dried yeast
½ tsp fine salt
1 tbsp honey
100 gr chopped almonds
Start with the bread the night before. With bread I prefer to keep the main recipe simple and then add a twist. For rye bread I usually use this recipe from BBC Good Food and this time I just added some almonds.
Boil the water to brew the tea. Add honey, cinnamon, and cherry all at once and the pears. They will need between 10 and 15 minutes. They need to be tender so check them by using a fork before you remove them.
Beat together the cream cheese and the butter. Once they are well incorporated add the honey and vanilla extract and keep beating on medium speed for another minute. Try and adjust to taste. You might like it a bit sweeter.
Slice the bread and the pears. Spread a fair amount of the cream cheese on the bread and place the pears on top.
Pears poached in earl grey served on rye almond bread for breakfast
Monday, August 12, 2013 - 8:49am


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Battle for Hexagon
Artem Latotin
- March 3, 2013
Offers in-app purchases
( 474)
Battle for Hexagon - logical and strategic territorial game.
Aim: occupy the territory of your opponents. The game is easy to play. Random maps generation makes every game unique. You can play the game everywhere: in a traffic jam, queue, tube, cinema and of course at work.
NEW! Added hotseat. Now you can play with your friends on the same device!
Unbalanced, unfair! Although this game has amazing potential, really well developed in aesthetics and engaging gameplay, the power distribution between players is frustratingly unbalanced. This can even lead to predicting the end of the match in a few turns. There is little the weaker (unlucky) players can do, which leaves no sense to play this game. I highly encourage the developers to fix this issue a.s.a.p. and let us enjoy this potentially rich game even more. Good luck. EDIT: I kindly ask the developers single question- are we wasting our breaths? Many thanks.
Work of art, fun, room for improvement This game has an incredibly rich and polished interface. I just played with headphones on and the soundtrack is incredible. Like others said, the random maps add to fun factor but starting positions need to be balanced to bring out the strategic challenge. Fantastic game, cool effects, 4.5 stars. Lol to comments about the problems with static, etc.
Great game! Needs work though I can see tons of potential for this game! It is very fun how it is, however, it needs work. Starting points need to be more spread out, too many times have I stated where I'm completely surrounded by AI. Also, sometimes I stuck in a stalemate due to low storage tiles surrounding one choke point. To balance this, you could make it so there are always 2 choke points, and choke points, along with the tiles surrounding them, always have high limits. I also think there could be more variations between tiles.
Addiccting This game can be used to teach what strategy is. Gameplay is simple but if you make the right move at the wrong time, you lose. Random map never lets you get bored.
battery drainer good game but drains very fast. also lots of static on screen , messed up text , etc.
Poor implementation of good concept As a fan of Risk-like hex territory games, I found this one fun to play. BUT only 1 out of 5 boards are winnable. Stupid "static" effect interrupts game play. Boards are NOT random and keep repeating after a while. Good options can be purchased if you trust your $$ to an abandonware dev. It performed poorly on my Droid 3. On LG G2, okay but leaves some background process running which burns battery until I reboot.
What's New
Version 1.1
- Added hotseat (ability to play with your friends on the same device).
- Minor interface fixes.
Version 1.1.1
- Minor interface impovements
Version 1.1.2
- Fixed problems with licence restoration


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The ongoing debate over specialty drugs — reflecting conflicting motives of buyers and sellers — neglects important insights about the impact of these new technologies, their value to society, and the economics of medical R&D.
We propose an approach to health insurance reform that promotes high-quality, fiscally sustainable health care for all. Our solution is a departure from both the current system and the Affordable Care Act reforms that begin in 2014.
We propose a framework for health care reform that focuses on supporting person-centered care. With continued innovation toward more personalized care, this is the best way to improve care and health while also bending the curve of health care cost growth.
Reducing end-of-life costs will do little to curb the growth in Medicare spending overall. But end-of-life care provision should be reformed to match the values of patients.
To reduce spending and more appropriately limit geographic variation in utilization among Medicare beneficiaries, the program should consider the utilization-management techniques employed in the private sector as a model.
Product liability exemptions for FDA regulated activities could raise economic efficiency.
Experts in health care policy reached a consensus on a set of concrete, feasible steps that show promise for slowing spending growth and improving quality in health care.


text:
90 points Robert Parker's Wine Advocate: "Made primarily from the indigenous variety Callet, it has a unique aromatic profile, although clearly Mediterranean influenced. The wine was aged for 6 months in French oak. Notes of herbs, garrigue, lavender, leather, cherry, and raspberry are quite alluring. This is followed by a friendly, sweetly-fruited wine with no hard edges. It has an elegant personality as well as fine depth and length. Drink it over the next 3-4 years. It is an outstanding value." (08/08) While Mallorca may still be best known as a vacation spot for Spaniards and tourists looking for beaches and sun, we here at K&L would like to remind you that they have some pretty incredible terroir for fine wine production. Produced from 80% Callet (an indigenous Mallorcan grape), Cabernet Sauvignon and Montenegro (also indigenous), the wine is produced by the fourth generation in the Mesquida family. Spicy black fruit aromas as well as some pungent volcanic notes lead to a rustic, deeply pitched wine that is as serious as it is intriguing and tough to pinpoint. Dark fruit and black olive flavors have a salty quality that really grab you and demand your attention. This is serious wine for a meal, either garlic and rosemary studded lamb or perhaps seared tuna over a black olive tapenade.
The item you have chosen is not in stock in our retail stores or within our main warehouse.
1999 Bodegas Puelles Gran Reserva Rioja
2005 La Rioja Alta "Viña Ardanza" Reserva Rioja
2010 Can Mayol Loxarel "Refugi" Reserva Brut Nature Penedes
2004 La Rioja Alta "904" Gran Reserva Rioja
2009 Can Mayol Loxarel Gran Reserva de Familia Brut Nature Penedes


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LONG MOUNTAIN, TEXAS. Long Mountain is near Leon Creek one-half mile northwest of U.S. Highway 377 in western Mason County. It probably gets its name from a nearby summit, also called Long Mountain. The area, which had been settled for some time by scattered ranchers, began to develop into a community in 1915, when a small school just inside the Mason county line was consolidated with the Leon school, located on the border of Menard County. This school was subsequently moved to Long Mountain in Mason County, where it also became a residence for the area's teachers. County agent W. I. Marschall formally organized the school in 1923 and led efforts to promote the Long Mountain school and raise funds for it. In 1929 it was consolidated with the Haystack school. By 1945 all rural schools in the area were consolidated with the Mason system, and local school communities died out. The community has been kept alive by an active community club. In 1961 this club joined the Texas Community Improvement Program and restored the old rock school building, which became the community hall and was still being used as such in 1985.
Mason County Historical Book (Mason, Texas: Mason County Historical Commission, 1976). Stella Gipson Polk, Mason and Mason County: A History (Austin: Pemberton Press, 1966; rev. ed., Burnet, Texas: Eakin Press, 1980).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Alice J. Rhoades, "LONG MOUNTAIN, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hrl42), accessed November 24, 2015. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
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We are experiencing problems with email notifications and as a result, we have been forced to temporarily suspend new user registrations. If you have forgotten your password and need to reset it, please email email@example.com for assistance.
CCM 450 Adventure
Discussion in 'Thumpers' started by ktmmitch, Jan 21, 2013.
Page 4 of 99
Page 4 of 99


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The information posted here about reflection of light from certain surfaces has been quite interesting. However, to return to the original question that prompted the thread, I agree with Mike Finley's first response, i.e. a coating of white paint on the inside of a UV bank of tubes would be more effecteive than mirrors, and probably about as effective as any other coating.
I have made and used a number of UV tube banks. Initially the issue of internal reflection was a subject of considerable interest for me. Eventually what I found was that it makes virtually no difference at all whether you provide internal reflection or not, and i f so plain white paint is as good as anything. However, even if you just leave the inside unpainted (assuming it is a light wood wuch as pine or fir) I seriously doubt that you would be able to detect any loss of printing speed compared to any other reflection method you devise.


text:
Nepalese villagers collect aid dropped by an Indian helicopter on Wednesday in Hulchuk, Nepal
© The Financial Times Ltd 2015 FT and 'Financial Times' are trademarks of The Financial Times Ltd.
Nepalese villagers collect aid dropped by an Indian helicopter on Wednesday in Hulchuk, Nepal
People with relief material react as an Indian Air Force helicopter prepares to take-off in a village affected by Saturday's earthquake at Pokhara, Nepal, on Friday
A girl stands among Afghan women lining up to receive winter relief assistance donated by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Kabul, on Wednesday
Survivors of Typhoon Haiyan jostle for plastic bags of food along a road in Tacloban city, central Philippines. The typhoon, one of the most powerful on record, hit the country's eastern seaboard on November 8.
Children wait for social workers in the devastated city of Tacloban, in the province of Leyte in central Philippines, having escaped from their village after it was allegedly attacked by armed men amid the devastation caused by typhoon Haiyan.
An Indian policeman holds bricks and stones before throwing them during a clash with Kashmiri Muslim protesters in Srinagar, India.
Rohingya women sit in front of their relief tent at the Mansi Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp on the outskirts of Sittwe on Wednesday. A cyclone threatening to lash low-lying coastal areas of Bangladesh and Myanmar appears to have weakened, but still poses a risk to more than 8 million people, according to the UN.


text:
Shout out from Dallas
Hows it going gang?
welcome from kentucky!!!!! tell us about you!!! got any pics of your truck?
:wavey: Welcome to the ForumZ Family! Tell us something more please :)
Don't forget to fill in all the infos in your UserCP -->Edit Your Details
Welcome to the Forumz from a former Dallas area resident! Would love to see some pics of your truck! :smileup:
Welcome from h-town
Welcome to the Forumz from Savannah, GA!
Welcome to the Z! Glad to have you on the board as a member; Tell us more about you and your truck; any mods on it now and what kind of mods are you looking to do to the truck in the future? Performance/appearance/suspension? Lots of options, and hope we can answer any questions you might have. Also, don't forget to fill out your UserCP so can have a quick reference to your truck's details if you have any questions/comments in the future.
Hello and welcome to RamForumZ, glad to have you here! No need to be shy around this group haha, so tell us more about your truck! Any pics you can share? We'd love to see it! Have you done any modding to it? Lots of great people and info available here in addition to just some great conversation, so any help you need, just ask and if you take a moment to complete your profile info in your User CP, it will help other members answer your questions as your truck info will show in all your posts! Look forward to seeing you around the Z and I hope you enjoy the board! :Hey:
- Cajun
Glad you joined us and welcome to the Z for Rams from Baltimore . If you could go to the top of the page to the User Cp and complete your profile that would be great . Helps us see what you have when your posting a question or comment . Do you have any pictures of your truck ? Have you done any mods or have plans for any mods ? Any of your friends have Rams ? Tell them about us . We would love to have them . You will find this site is full of a lot of talented people . So if theres any question that you need answered , just shoot away . Talk to ya soon . Tom
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About CarolinaCoolin
- Birthday April 28
Profile Information
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- Location Maryland
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Dallas Tears are Delicious
CarolinaCoolin replied to Jimmy's topic in Carolina PanthersCouldn't happen to more deserving people.
CarolinaCoolin liked a post in a topic: Dallas Tears are Delicious
So as I was saying.. We come out of Dallas 11-0 we are going 16-0.
CarolinaCoolin replied to PanthersUnited's topic in Carolina Panthers@NO @ATL @NYG aren't walks in the park.
Skip Bayless
CarolinaCoolin replied to panthertime's topic in Carolina PanthersYou guys realize he's covered the Cowboys for years and has even authored a book about the situation between jones/Johnson and the team. I dont hold that against him. That being said panthers will continue to do what they've been doing all season long. Cowboys are no different.
Elliot Harrison is a "blank"!
CarolinaCoolin replied to firefox1234's topic in Carolina PanthersYou can look at his weekly pick columns over this season. Every other week he has been picking us to lose only for us to keep winning each week. Been quite funny to read the headlines each week
CarolinaCoolin liked a post in a topic: Walking Dead Season 6
teeray liked a post in a topic: Walking Dead Season 6
Bronn, on your kill list you mention Judith. I watch weekly with my friends and I mentioned that I wonder if they would kill her. After the backlash GOT received for "violence against women" due to Sansa rape do you guys think there would be backlash to killing Judith? I mean killing the only baby does seem a little over the top.
Ron Rivera "We're leaning towards starting CJ and Allen."
CarolinaCoolin replied to nctarheel0619's topic in Carolina PanthersI wouldn't be so sure on that. Yeah it's possible, but if the Giants and how they have drafted in the past is any indication of how Gettleman will draft. We will be looking at drafting a DE in one of the first two rounds of the draft.
Captain America: Civil War
CarolinaCoolin replied to scpanther22's topic in NerdvanaSeriously guy? You are honestly going to tell me you are LESS excited after seeing this trailer?
Opinion 1: "I don't think Obama has been a good president because of his foreign policy decisions. I believe pulling out of Iraq was a bad idea which has led to ISIS filling a power vacuum. Opinion 2: "I don't like Obama cause he's black and Muslim" Yes opinions are better than others. What world do you live in? Last time a checked this was a forum, you know.. Where people come to share, express, and counter ideas. Tell me, what's the point of posting week after week if it's just the same two lines "lazy directing/writing" nothing more than that. Not even suggestions on what people would have liked to see or where they think the show could do better. Just posting quick buzzword criticism just to do it. You wanna talk about lazy writing..
I mean it's the same old song and dance with the same posters week after week who just say buzz words like "lazy/bad writing" no examples, no specific things. Just bash to bash. Like the posts I read after every week you think most would just give up on the show, but I mean that isn't as fun as getting to espouse an opinion every week to make themselves feel good. But what do I know, I'm just blinding praising. It's not like this show has 15+ MILLION people who watch as it airs week after week and that's with the show going up against Sunday night football.
Cam Newton compared to Pablo Escobar
CarolinaCoolin replied to Jeremy Igo's topic in Carolina PanthersComé Meirda Earl
Cam will be on Scott Van Pelt's Sportscenter tonight
CarolinaCoolin replied to SCP's topic in Carolina PanthersWell the thing always said about qbs is once they hit their 6th year the game changes for them, it becomes easier because of the experience they've acquired. I think that has largely been true for Cam AND Ron in their 5th years as QB and coach respectively. Cam clearly has a deeper understanding for the game but more importantly HIS game this season. The pose and decision making are a big part in why this team is 10-0. As for Rivera I couldn't be more pleased. He has his team hyper focused and motivated each and every week. This is the closest panthers team I can remember, heck closest PRO football team I've seen period, I mean I look around the league and I get the sense these are just guys who play football together, get paid, then go home. But with this team it truly feels like a family. That's in thanks to the right leaders and a coach who has inspired his men and brought a dominating physical aspect to this team not many in the league can claim. It's been a joy to watch all this unfold.
Cam will be on Scott Van Pelt's Sportscenter tonight
CarolinaCoolin replied to SCP's topic in Carolina PanthersMaybe our fortunes are turning? What this organization has built these past five years is by no means an accident or mistake. Rivera hire, draft cam, draft Luke, hurney fire, Gettleman hire, Gettleman draft, I'll add not firing Rivera and letting him develop this team and cam. All the right moves in building stability and long term success. Just the start.... Just the start
Figured a few of you would rush to bash the show after this episode. The thread of "weekly bashing TWD" did not disappoint this week. I swear some of you guys claim every episode not a premiere or finale is "filler" i saw nothing wrong with how this episode or the season has played out. This show is one of the most gripping and suspense packed shows on tv. The scene of carol and the little boy who won't come down stairs just speaks to the quality writing the show has. No doubt that encounter will shape how she views Morgan and his ideals. Speaking of Morgan his character is so much more complex and appealing due to his origin episode. That also speaks to the great writing and characterization the show has. You understand this man still has an edge he can be pushed to, going back to his "clear-self" but he is trying to change that wolf because he believes all life is precious. He is a much needed moral compass for the group or they'd become ruthless. Carol is starting to realize that.
Official Redskins at Panthers Gameday Thread
CarolinaCoolin replied to Jeremy Igo's topic in Carolina PanthersAllen Robinson and Allen hurns are better than any receiver on the redskins. Randall Cobb and Adams are better than these redskins receivers. You are on crack kid. poo the bucs have a better receiving corps than the skins. The redskins run the ball. They don't light you up over the air. This is their best receivers second game of the season. They aren't dangerous at all and not even close to being the most dangerous. You got caught in hyperbole. Just admit you were wrong and move on.


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Dr. Philip Fleming specializes in plastic surgery in Brentwood, Tennessee.
Dr. Philip Fleming has been compared 210 times. Details of Dr. Fleming's 36 years experience as an MD, his hospital affiliation and education at University of Alabama are available on your free doctor report.
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Fleming Plastic Surgery
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Brentwood, TN 37027
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Dr. Philip Fleming has been identified as specializing in Plastic Surgery.
He is certified in Plastic Surgery.
Hospital Affiliation
A hospital affiliation covers any doctor who has an affiliation, association or admitting privilege with a hospital. A doctor's particular affiliation to a specific hospital can translate to the overall quality of that provider.
Dr. Fleming is affiliated with 1 hospital:
2000 Church St
Nashville, Tennessee
Dr. Fleming attended medical school at University of Alabama School of Medicine and graduated in 1979 having 36 years experience.
While there is no proven correlation between the quality of one's educational institution and the quality of one's professional competence, it is often an indicator. Medical schools have various levels of selectivity (some are harder to get into than others), and both the quality of their clinical training and level of research are measured. Additional medical training in both residency and fellowships and the facilities they are conducted at also provide a history of the doctors' level of training and experience.
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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Kenton Cool And The Legend Of Everest
02The Martyn Ashton Interview: Meet the Man Who Got Back on the Bike
03Legends Behind the Lens: The Dan Milner Interview
04We Asked Surf Star Coco Ho For Her Step-by-Step Guide to the Basics
05The Tony Hawk Interview: How Is The Birdman Still Flying High After All These Years?
06We Toured Britain's Action Sports Hotspots With The New Ford S-MAX
07The Legend Of El Dorado: One Man's Obsession With Finding A City Made Of Gold
08I Am Legend: How Audiences – Real Or GoPro'ed – Can Affect Your Mind And Performance
09Watch A Freerunning King Defy The Laws Of Gravity In This Urban Assault On London
10Living On The Blood and Urine of Dead Sea Turtles: The Shocking Story of A Sailor Stuck in Hell
Hyperlite Wakeboards: Scottie Barone Tribute
A Wakeboarding video by keltron - 3,489 views
Scott Barone was raised in the beautiful state of Colorado. After working at Tommy's Slalom Shop young in his life, he became a water sports enthusiast. With his gymnastics background, wakeboarding was the perfect fit for Scott. He quickly jumped on board with Hyperlite and has supported the brand through thick and thin. He worked for the company from 2006-2009. Scott's wife Sheila was introduced to him through Soda Lakes Ski School. She is an amazing water skier and the connection was immediate! Scott and Sheila Barone have been the tie that connects the Wakeboarding and Water Skiing world together in Colorado for the last decade. Scott unfortunately lost his life at his lake working on a ski course buoy. As hard as this is to believe we are left with job to carry on Scott's legacy. Throughout Scott's life he spread the love of Wakeboarding and Water Skiing. We would like to take this opportunity to thank Scott and his family for their dedication to growing our industry in the most positive way. A Trust was established to assist Sheila, Cole & Bella as they navigate the uncertainty that lies ahead. You may honor the life of Scott by helping the family he leaves behind. To donate, visit any Key Bank or mail Key Bank at 10300 Federal Blvd, Federal Heights, CO 80260, make checks payable to "Scott Barone Family Fund". Thank You Scott for your passion and dedication to the Wakeboard and Water Ski community, you will be greatly missed and cherished forever.


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|Blurbarian Since
|February 2007
|Paul Morrison
|Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
|My Occupation
|Fine Art Photographer
|My Bio
|I have been doing lanscape photography for over 20 years with large and medium format cameras. I've studied with several well known landscape photographers over the past 20 years. My work has been in several exhibitions from Alaska to Santa Fe, and is in several private collections.
|Spoiler alert: I'm thinking my next book will be about...
|My next book will an artists approach to capturing Fort Union. Fort Union is in North East New Mexico. I t served the smaller forts and settlers in the area during the last half of the 1800s. It is located on the Santa Fe trail.


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Print version includes Economic Applications, InfoTrac® 2-Semester Printed Access Card
AUTHORS: Landsburg, Steven - ©2011
Written in the same humorous, reader-friendly style as Professor Landsburg's widely popular trade book, The Armchair Economist, the lively eighth edition of PRICE THEORY AND APPLICATIONS adopts an inductive, hands-on approach that enables students to learn economics by doing. And it requires no knowledge or use of calculus. Using a student-friendly, easy-to-understand format, the book thoroughly develops the standard concepts of intermediate price theory as well as timely untraditional issues not found in many texts -- such as the economics of information. Social welfare is also highlighted as a unifying concept throughout. The book's rigorous, meticulous development of economic theory is supported by countless intriguing and entertaining exhibits, examples, numerical exercises, and problem sets integrated within the text and included at the end of chapters, giving students countless opportunities to test their comprehension of chapter concepts. With its highly interactive approach, the new Price Theory gives students a solid understanding of economic theory as well as the skills to apply it to the world around them.


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Lioele Triple Solution BB Cream SPF30 PA++
104 reviews
71% would repurchase
Package Quality: 4.6
Price: $$$
Package Quality: 4.6
Price: $$$
INGREDIENTSWater, Titanium Dioxide, Dipropylene Glycol, Butylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Cyclopentasiloxane, Diphenylsiloxy Phenyl Trimethicone, Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone, Dimethicone, Glycering, Arbutin, Sodium Hyaluronate, Cyclohexasiloxane, Zinc Oxide, Sorbitan Sesquioleate, Magnesium Sulfate, Talc, Yogurt Powder, Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract, Fragaria Vesca (Strawberry) Fruit Extract, Canaga Odorata Flower Extract, Tocopheryl Acetate, Adenosin, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate, Ozokerite, Beeswax, Propylene Carbonate, Zinc Stearate, Diisostearyl Malate, Hexyl Laurate, Triethoxycaprylylsilane, Dimethicone/Methicone Copolymer, Methylparaben, Phenoxyethanol, Butylapraben, Propylparaben, Fragrance, CI 77491, CI 77499
Age: 19-24
Skin: Sensitive, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Other
This is my favorite BB cream! This BB cream has high coverage and a thick consistency. All you need is one pump and it can cover hyper pigmentation easily. I like to apply this with a Beauty Blender to get the maximum amount of coverage.
Age: 25-29
Skin: Very Dry, Fair-Medium, Warm
Hair: Blond, Wavy, Coarse
Eyes: Blue
I am in love with this product! I'm completely new to BB creams, but received some samples of Liole's Triple the Solution BB cream with another eBay purchase from Korea. I was so impressed at how much coverage it provided (medium to full)! I purchased a full tube of this product through eBay in the end, especially after reading/watching all the reviews online, which confirmed the great quality of this product.
This BB cream has now replaced my medium-to-full coverage liquid foundation! I have dry, dehydrated skin, so my foundation ended up looking dry, dull and cakey on my skin, especially on my forehead (despite exfoliation and heavy-duty moisturizers). The cream provides great coverage for my mild rosacea and dark circles under my eyes, and it is buildable for extra coverage in problem areas. I still use concealer under my eyes, but the BB cream provides a nice base for it. In the end, my skin has a nice, smooth, healthy glow to it, and it looks almost airbrushed (compared to what it normally looks like with foundation). A godsend for harsh Canadian winters, when my already-dehydrated skin is exposed to extreme cold and wind, dry indoor environments, and hot, dry air blowing on my face in the car 3 hours a day! My face tends to get scaly and gross in the winter, especially with foundation, but this product will definitely help the appearance, I think :)
The colour works well for my fair skin, which has yellow undertones. It probably wouldn't be suitable for someone with porcelain skin though, and it would be a bit greasy for someone with oily skin. I wouldn't recommend it to someone who wants light coverage though, since it still looks like I'm wearing makeup (which doesn't bother me). Overall, I'm super happy with my purchase, and it's worth the slightly higher cost. This product should last me a long time, but I'll definitely be reordering once I'm out! If only it were available in stores here in Canada :(
Packaging isn't too important to me, but it definitely is cute. I especially like that the tube stands upright so that it's easy to pump the product when it's almost empty, plus it's better for storing in my medicine cabinet.
Age: 30-35
Skin: Normal, Fair, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Coarse
Eyes: Brown
This WAS my first favorite BB cream. It is a South Korea brand which is where BB cream got big in the last few years and then the US jumped on it. Usually wrongly. BB creams are ideally to even out skin, cover imperfections, and feel flawless and weightless. Many offer spf and dreaded whitening. This is approx $12-$15 to import and it is full coverage plus spf. Squeeze tube is hygenic and pretty. The smell is a semi unpleasant floral scent that you get used to. I loved how naturally it blended (although it feels thick and even a little greasy coming out of the tube) and felt weightless after setting with a smooth matte finish. It definitely looks smoother than it feels, as it feels a little dry. Not a big deal for average skin but...Not recommended for oily skin or dry skin. In heat in can get a little sticky again and does not hold up great. I am fair with no problem skin that just needs a little evening. In seasons other than hot summer, it does it's job and the thick heavy feel evaporates quickly into weightlessness. However there are BBs and CCs that are creamier and better in heat.
Lioele is also tested on animals. Lioele Texas claims otherwise but when questioned in detail about third party testing and ingedients, they break down quickly and say they are actually unsure and must contact corporate. Then you never hear back. I dislike that kind of dishonesty. I dislike brands that are not cruelty free but i also dislike dishonesty!
1 star off for lying and testing and 1 star off for performing poorly in high heat/humidity.
full coverage
pretty tube
hygenic tube
Would be drying for dry skin
performs poorly in heat/humidity and would be a nightmare on oily skin.
tested on animals
unknowledgable and dishonest product reps in US
Two less $ SK brands and 1 US one actually perform JUST as well in coverage and BETTER in heat and in terms of feeling smooth and moisturized. Recommending Lumene CC cream.
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Dry, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
If you are suffering with acne, this will be one of the best beauty products you will buy. It's amazing coverage and adjustment to your skin tone will decrease the appearance of acne scars and spots by a remarkable amount, evening and smoothing you skin. The price is good at about �7 on the internet and the packaging it cute. When I first used it whilst suffering with acne I had so many compliments with people asking me what happened to my spots !
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Black, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Brown
This bb cream is great for oily control and hydrating my dry patches on my skin. This has a strong scent like roses but it fades in time, it doesn't linger. It is best to apply with a brush or BB sponge, I don't think it would work well with fingers. I love the coverage it is medium, build-able, with a dewy finish. This product last long on my combination skin, it dose not separate or disappears. I love how this makeup doesn't transfer onto clothes, also it does not drip off/gets streaky when I sweat. I wear it daily to go to work and on days when I would be in the sun for long (like amusement parks)because of its high SPF. The packaging is amazing with a pump. I would 100% buy and recommend to fair lady's! [FYI My sister used this but has a deep skin color and it gave here a gray cast even with a deep color foundation over, I won't recomand to women of color .] The only thing I don't like is the fragrance, not enough color options, and how if I don't wear a primer it sinks into pours.
Age: 30-35
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Probably one of my favourite BB creams. It provides excellent coverage. Really, I sm surprised how very little product is needed to cover the whole face - 1 pump is all I need. I apply and blend with my fingers. I am quite pale and it matches my skin perfectly so I don't complain about lack of other shades.
I don't use it daily - it is my going out/important meeting/skin crisis BB cream. Due to its coverage face looks quite 'done up' - not bad, just prefer a bit more natural finish for work or a walk in the park.
Once applied it stays on - until I remove my make up in the evening. I only set my T-zone with a tiny bit of lose powder.
I like it, even though the condustency is rather thick, it does not accentuates pores or fine lines (like some foundations do...)
If I ever run out, I will repurchase.
Age: 19-24
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair-Medium, Warm
Hair: Black, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
*I have four samples of this.
- Coverage: Excellent coverage, very pigmented and give you a 'flawless' look. This is what I love about this the most. Looks great in photos. You only need small amount to cover up imperfections, though you still need concealer for dark hyperpigmentation spots. (Note, this doesn't cover as well as the old formula of revlon colorstay but covers better than estee lauder double wear light)
- covers pores exceptionally well
- Build-able: this bb cream can be easily layered, unlike EL DW Light
- Sun protection: SPF 30
- Colour: only comes in one shade. This is the primary reason why I won't continue using this. It makes me look like an orange! For my asian skin tone, this bb cream is too dark, doesn't have enough yellow undertones and makes my skin look orange/red/grey :( Such a shame otherwise I would consider repurchasing.
- Unnatural: whilst coverage is great, it can look thick and heavy if too much is applied. I feel this bb cream is too much for day-to-day wear.
- Sticky- dries to a sticky, shiny finish
- Not easily blended: I tried with fingers and my beauty blender. This is thick and so takes effort and time to blend out.
Reading all the rave reviews, I wanted to love this as I'm looking for something to replace my current foundation. The colour is completely off and it feels too heavy on the skin. It doesn't make me feel good wearing it or have that 'wow' factor.
Age: 19-24
Skin: Sensitive, Fair-Medium, Cool
Hair: Blond, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Blue
Loooooove this 'BB Cream'! Like many reviewers stated, I too feel that this provides as much if not more coverage than the majority of my foundations. I ordered this off Amazon for $11 which is a steal considering it is an AMAZING product. My skin is dry, sensitive, redness in my cheeks, and very very dry t-zone. I'm always hesitant purchasing face products online when I haven't tested them out but after reading reviews I thought I'd try it out. And boy am I glad I did. The scent is so refreshing and the feel of the 'BB Cream' is incredibly lightweight. The product and finish of this is, for me, similar to my HG Shiseido Radiant Lifting Foundation which I could not live without (foundation junkie- party of 1 over here). This glides over my dry areas and gives a beautiful 'lift from within' look that I rarely find in even the most expensive of brands. Lasting power is fantastic; stays on throughout the day without budging, separating, or oxidizing. It only comes in one color which is luckily suitable for my light-medium skin tone. For me, the best results come when using a flat top foundation brush, although also looks wonderful using fingers since it blends like a dream. Packaging is adorbs and it comes with a pump which is always appreciated. Will absolutely be repurchasing when I run out of this gem!
Age: 25-29
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Red, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
For me, this is the best foundation I have tried (even comparing it to the high end ones I use, Chanel, Lancome, Este Lauder).
I have a normal-combo skin, very fair in shade (Chanel 10, MAC nc15). It's quite hard to find a good shade of foundation in Europe, as I noiced ususally the lightest/yellow ones are sold in Asia. This is the logic which made me buy a Korean product with an universal shade.
To get to the point:
- I don't consider this a BB but rather a full-pledged foundation, it has higher coverage than many foundations I have tried;
- about the color - one universal shade, matches me perfectly, but I think it has a degree of adaptability too; does not oxidize; the shade is neutral maybe on the yellow side, I have pink undertones so I usually go for yellowy colors to balance it;
- has SPF30, so I will not use other spf when using this (using primer+foundation+concealer+powder+blush/bronzer really work as a physical spf anyway;
- has a satiny finish - it's not matte, but it somehow sets on the skin, so it's good for oily, normal or dry skin
- it has the most amazing staying power - for me it's better than Lancome Teint Idole 24h and Este Lauder DW Light - this really lasts no matter what (heat, sweat, rain, humidity)
- on a daly basis I keep the product on my face for 15-16 hours and I never touch up (no matter the product) - it doesn't bother me and at the end of the day it still looks like when I applied it in the morning;
- I can't really say it has skin care properties as I can't see them on myself, but it usually takes a lot to make a difference on me - it doesn't dry me out, it doesn't make me oily and has SPF, so I am very confortable using this without moisturiser, only with a serum;
- the packaging is in my opinion the best you can get - squeeze tube with pump, but I never finished a bottle to be able to say it's good all the way to the last drop;
- I think the price is good (I payed less than 20 euros in my country) but it's quite irrelevant since it's very hard to come by it in Europe anyway.. so it's almost sure a shiping cost will apply too.
- I can't use this without powdering, but this is the case for all foundations I use - for some reason products tend to slide off my face otherwise; however this product will never set completely dry;
- I don't feel the need to use a primer before this - less layers of products get better results for me;
- a little goes a long way - I use one pump on my face, and sometimes I feel I could use less;
- I have used this with brushes, but it looks best applied with fingers - the heats warms it up and makes it easier to get into the skin;
- it can be used with a brush, but as far as i can see it looks more shiny;
- it doesn't set all that quickly - I get enough time to work it in, and when I'm finished it's all set and done;
- it's difficult to get a hold of - there is an online shop in my country which sells it, but otherwise I think it would have been nearly impossible for me at least to buy it - Europe
- I suspect it of breaking me out once, but I stopped using it for a while, then I got back and now it's ok, but I'm still carefull;
- has some perfume - it goes away when applying and it doesn't bother me, but it's a downside for many other so it's worth mentioning;
- one shade, and its light - I don't think someone with medium or darker skin tone could use it.
I really like this BB/foundation, and I recommend it with all my heart. As usual, not all products work for everyone, but I think this has a chance to work out well better than most. I personally love it and I would rate it as the best-looking, most trustworthy base for me.
Age: 44-55
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Other, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Other
Have been lurking on here for years but finally decided to try and start posting. MUA has been so helpful to me for making purchasing decisions---like this BB cream---it's time to give back :) Have been using this for a couple of weeks now and am loving it. Was previously using the Pond's Luminous Finish BB in Light but it always left my face feeling dirty. This stuff is far superior. Don't know my MAC # but I use the LM Tinted Moisturizer in Porcelain and have been mixing a bit of that into the Lioele because a) I dont want to waste the LM and b) the Lioele is almost too thick on it's own. The Lioele color is what I would call a light neutral beige, the LM looks quite yellow next to it on my hand and the mix is perfect. I did get two small instant zits during the first days I used it, but since then there have been none so they might have been from something else. Coverage is excellent--I have some capillaries and age spots and don't use concealer with this now. While it doesn't cover those discolorations 100%, it blurs and softens and evens enough that concealer would be overkill for daily wear. I was applying with a damp beauty blender knockoff but may try just fingers next. It lasts all day and still looks fresh, and removes just fine at night with my usual routine--oil cleansing followed by cream cleanser. No increase in pore-clogging that I can see, and that's an ongoing problem for me. Since it's summer I'm not wearing anything under it, no moisturizer or primer, and the finish is lovely. I do make sure to let it set for at least 5 minutes, and I use the barest swipe of translucent powder over my nose and center of forehead, again because it's summer. This stuff seems quite versatile, like it would mix well with other products and application methods. Best of all I don't feel it on my skin. I forget about it, and people don't tell me my makeup looks good they just say that I'm looking good! I guess this is called HG--I am no longer searching obsessively for another BB or TM to try!
Edited to add: Applying with fingers didn't work well for me, but the Sigma F80 brush is ah-mazing! Kind of pressing and dabbing the cream in with it, not really buffing per se, and that really melts it onto my skin, covering pores well etc. Still loving this BB like crazy!
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text:
Perkinsea are a parasitic lineage within the eukaryotic superphylum Alveolata. Recent studies making use of environmental small sub-unit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) sequencing methodologies have detected a significant diversity and abundance of Perkinsea-like phylotypes in freshwater environments. In contrast only a few Perkinsea environmental sequences have been retrieved from marine samples and only two groups of Perkinsea have been cultured and morphologically described and these are parasites of marine molluscs or marine protists. These two marine groups form separate and distantly related phylogenetic clusters, composed of closely related lineages on SSU rDNA trees. Here, we test the hypothesis that Perkinsea are a hitherto under-sampled group in marine environments. Using 454 diversity 'tag' sequencing we investigate the diversity and distribution of these protists in marine sediments and water column samples taken from the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) and sub-surface using both DNA and RNA as the source template and sampling four European offshore locations.
We detected the presence of 265 sequences branching with known Perkinsea, the majority of them recovered from marine sediments. Moreover, 27% of these sequences were sampled from RNA derived cDNA libraries. Phylogenetic analyses classify a large proportion of these sequences into 38 cluster groups (including 30 novel marine cluster groups), which share less than 97% sequence similarity suggesting this diversity encompasses a range of biologically and ecologically distinct organisms.
These results demonstrate that the Perkinsea lineage is considerably more diverse than previously detected in marine environments. This wide diversity of Perkinsea-like protists is largely retrieved in marine sediment with a significant proportion detected in RNA derived libraries suggesting this diversity represents ribosomally 'active' and intact cells. Given the phylogenetic range of hosts infected by known Perkinsea parasites, these data suggest that Perkinsea either play a significant but hitherto unrecognized role as parasites in marine sediments and/or members of this group are present in the marine sediment possibly as part of the 'seed bank' microbial community.
Keywords:454 pyrosequencing; Perkinsus; Parvilucifera; Food web; Protist; Parasite
Environmental DNA (eDNA) analyses have demonstrated that diversity records are missing significant data regarding protists (reviewed in: [1-3]). Parasitic protists are a key component of food webs, yet the role and diversity of these groups is often unknown (e.g. [4-6]). The protist 'superphylum' Alveolata includes numerous polyphyletic groups of parasites [7], for example: Apicomplexa, Perkinsea (also named perkinsids or Perkinsozoa) and Syndiniales (including both marine alveolate group I and II [also sometimes called MALVI & MALVII a]) [4,8].
Molecular surveys have shown that Perkinsea-like sequences can be diverse and abundant in freshwater lakes, suggesting this group plays an important role in freshwater food webs [5,9-11]. However, most freshwater Perkinsea have still not been characterised ecologically or morphologically, with one exception, a recently identified Perkinsea-like protist linked to local mortality events of the Southern Leopard frog Rana sphenocephala in the USA in 2003 [12]. Analysis of the SSU rDNA sequence of this protist suggests that this infectious agent branches close to the Perkinsea in SSU rDNA phylogenies within a cluster consisting of only freshwater environmental sequences [12-14]. With the exception of the Perkinsea associated with frog infections, all morphological descriptions and cultured representatives of the Perkinsea are derived from two marine genera: Perkinsus and Parvilucifera.
Perkinsus is a group of parasites infecting molluscs and includes P. marinus, the main cause of mortality of bivalves leading to the economically important shellfish disease 'Dermo' [15]. Parvilucifera spp. are known to infect up to 26 different dinoflagellates, playing a role in species succession, for example, infecting dinoflagellates that cause red-tides [16]. Taken together these data suggest that the Perkinsea phylum is a diverse group of parasites infecting a wide range of species such as: molluscs, amphibians and dinoflagellates [14].
Numerous clone library surveys of eukaryotic diversity in marine waters have now been published (e.g. [17-22]) yet only a few Perkinsea sequences have been identified. Specifically, only nine sequences belonging to Perkinsea that are distinct from either Perkinsus or Parvilucifera cluster groups are currently available in GenBank (May-2013). To our knowledge, most of the environmental surveys of marine environments have, however, focused on sub-surface or deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) water column samples, with only a few studies sampling sediments (e.g. [18,23,24]). As such, marine sediments are often thought of as a 'black box' in terms of microbial diversity and function [25], lacking in eukaryotic-specific molecular surveys (e.g. [18,23]). Furthermore, the majority of these publications use clone library survey methods and therefore give only a partial view of biodiversity. In contrast second-generation sequencing of environmental sequence tags theoretically allow deeper surveys of microbial biodiversity allowing the detection of low abundance microbes [26,27]. In this paper we use second generation sequencing methods to evaluate the diversity of the Perkinsea in multiple marine environments and test the hypothesis that the Perkinsea are hitherto under sampled group in marine environments.
Results and discussion
Processing of sequence data
Using 454 pyro-sequencing, we investigated the diversity of Perkinsea in a selection of European marine samples, sequencing the V4 region of the SSU rDNA [27] using both rDNA and rRNA as template. A similar DNA-based approach has been used to investigate freshwater Perkinsea [14]. We obtained sequence data from samples collected in four European coastal sites (Figure 1A), including sediment and multiple size filtrates from the sub-surface and the DCM water column samples (using a plankton net for the 2000-20 μm fraction and sequential filtration for 3–20 μm and 0.8-3 μm fractions). All V4 sequence reads (~380 bp) were assigned to eukaryotic taxonomic groups using a custom-built pipeline developed by the BioMarKs consortium (see [28]). This analysis identified 271 sequences preliminarily classified as Perkinsea.
Figure 1. BioMarKs sampling locations and recovery of Perkinsea-like sequences. A: Map of BioMarKs sampling locations across Europe with GPS position of the sampling sites. Number of 454 sequences recovered from each sampling site, B: Perkinsea sequences recovered from source template (i.e. DNA or cDNA), C: Sampling provenance of Perkinsea sequences across sampling location (water column sub-surface, water column DCM or sediment).
The taxonomic affiliation of these sequences was checked using phylogenetic analyses of a SSU rDNA dataset comprising representative alveolate groups (Additional file 1: Figure S1 and Additional file 2: Table S1) and environmental sequences retrieved from GenBank (Additional file 3: Table S2). Of the 271 sequences initially identified as Perkinsea, alignment based analyses and phylogeny confirmed that 265 individual 454 'tag' sequences were not chimeras [29] and branched with known Perkinsea sequences. Moreover, a large number of the 265 sequences were highly similar and so were clustered at 99% identity resulting in 150 unique V4 sequences branching within, or close to, Perkinsea taxonomic groups (Additional file 1: Figure S1). Table 1 summarises the provenance of the sequences sampled and provides information regarding the total % of Perkinsea sequences within each V4 sequence dataset, which ranges from 0.244% to 0.006% of the 454 sequencing effort from each of the environments sampled.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Bayesian phylogeny of Alveolata SSU sequences based on the analysis of 98 sequences of 1470 bp and 265 partial sequences from BioMarks V4 sequencing project (~278 bp in length). Posterior probability values and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values were added at each node (pp/ML bootstrap support). Support values are summarised by black circles on the branch when they are equal to or higher than 0.90/80% and white circle when bootstrap values are between 0.6/60% and 0.9/80. Three ciliates sequences were used as the outgroup. Taxon names are consistent with Bråte et al. 2010. MA corresponds to Marine Alveolates. Arrow identifies the monophyletic Perkinsea clade. Complex clusters of 454 sequences have been reduced to representative triangles, see Figures 2 and 3 for complete phylogenetic data.
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Additional file 2: Table S1. Details of published sequences of 18S rDNA used in phylogenetic analysis.
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Additional file 3: Table S2. Published environmental sequences of 18S rDNA belonging to Perkinsea (Alveolata) used in phylogenetic analysis. Sequences sampled from marine environments are highlighted in grey.
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Table 1. Summary of samples used for 454 sequencing
Diversity within marine Perkinsea
To investigate the diversity and environmental distribution of the Perkinsea-like sequence tags, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis focusing on the V4 region and including the 150 sequence clusters identified (Figures 2 and 3). The regions flanking the variable V4 region are relatively conserved, while V4 stems and loops are variable [27,30]. The phylogeny was derived from a masked alignment of 330 characters and included a mixture of sites with fast and slow patterns of variation. As our analysis was limited to the V4 region the deep and intermediate nodes of the phylogeny are poorly resolved so that the tree is only helpful for demonstrating the diversity of Perkinsea-like sequences and not the internal topology of the Perkinsea group, consistent with the aim of this study.
To identify a conservative picture of Perkinsea diversity we classified the sequence diversity into 'cluster-groups' on the basis of two restrictive criteria: 1) moderate topology support (>0.6/60%/60%) and 2) possession of two sequences from separate samples. Using this approach we identified 38 phylogenetic clusters labeled as cluster 1-38 on Figures 2 and 3 in addition to the morphologically characterised Perkinsus and Parvilucifera groups. 30 of these clusters represent previously undescribed marine diversity-groups. Additionally, 42 unique sequence clusters (28% - labeled with circles on the right column in Figures 2 and 3) were not grouped into 'cluster-groups' using our classification criteria.
Figure 2. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Perkinsea diversity using the V4 region of SSU rDNA gene (part 1) and provenance of the Perkinsea BioMarKs sequences. Subsection of the phylogenetic tree is shown (see Figure 3 for the rest of the phylogeny). Bayesian posterior probability, Maximum Likelihood bootstrap (1,000 replicates), and LogDet distance bootstrap (1,000 replicates) values are added at each node using the following convention: support values are summarised by black circles on the branch when support are equal to or higher than 0.9/80%/80% and ringed circles when bootstrap values are between 0.6/60%/60% and 0.9/80%/80%. When the bootstrap value is below 60%, a "+" is added if the topology of the tree is recovered in the ML and LogDet analyses. A "-" is shown when these tree topologies are not consistent. Nine sequences of Dinoflagellata and five sequences of Marine Alveolata group II were used as an outgroup. Branches shortened by ½ are labelled with a double slashed line. The black and grey branches on the tree indicate marine and freshwater lineages respectively. Distribution and provenance of sequences across RNA and DNA derived libraries are illustrated down the right columns as shaded triangles if they represent a cluster group. Number in brackets refers to multiple identical sequence reads from the same sample. Circles are used to represent the provenance of a single environment unique sequence cluster. The colour of triangles designates the number of sequences recovered from each location (surface, DCM and sediment) or rDNA/rRNA for each cluster group. White represent between 0 and 5 sequences, Grey between 6–10 and black higher than 10. For correspondence between the 17 freshwater cluster groups identified by Bråte et al. (2010) and the 5 freshwater cluster groups identified in our analyses see Additional file 4: Table S3.
Figure 3. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Perkinsea diversity using the V4 region of SSU rDNA gene (part 2) and provenance of the Perkinsea BioMarKs sequences. Remaining part of Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Perkinsea diversity using the V4 region of SSU rDNA gene. This phylogeny is illustrated using the same conventions as Figure 2.
Additional file 4: Table S3. Correspondence between newly described clusters from the present study and the previous studies [14].
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The 30 new marine cluster groups show no more than 97% sequence identity between each group, suggesting they constitute taxonomically distinct groups. In contrast, the four described species that belong to Perkinsus spp. have highly similar SSU rDNA sequences (>98%, [31]). If the pattern of SSU rDNA variation in Perkinsus species is consistent across the wider diversity detected here, then these 30 cluster groups are likely to represent a diversity of forms with distinct biological and/or ecological traits, i.e. given the biology of the known Perkinsea species the diversity of sequences detected here putatively represent parasites infecting a range of host organisms.
Marine freshwater transitions
A growing body of literature has addressed the frequency in which protist groups have spread between marine and freshwater environments (e.g. [32,33]) with varying perspectives on the number and relative 'ease' of these transitions dependant on the group studied and the criteria used for identifying these transitions [14,32]. As described by Bråte et al. in 2010, marine-freshwater transitions are likely to have occurred during the diversification of the Perkinsea [14]. Our phylogenetic analyses identified the distribution of sequences recovered from both marine and freshwater environments demonstrating eight putative transitions on the phylogeny (five into freshwater and 3 into marine environments - Figures 2 and 3). However, we note that only three of these transitions are resolved in our V4 phylogenies with bootstrap support in excess of 50%. As such, additional sequencing from a range of environments combined with robust multi-gene phylogenetic analyses is required to characterise the frequency of freshwater-marine environmental transitions within the Perkinsea.
The majority of marine Perkinsea diversity is recovered from sediments
244 (92%) of the V4 sequences classified as Perkinsea were recovered from sediment. Moreover, 27% of the total sequencing effort were sampled from RNA derived cDNA libraries (Figure 1B,C and Table 1) suggesting that a significant proportion of the Perkinsea sequences were recovered from ribosomally active and intact cells. A large proportion of published environmental sequences are derived from DNA, a method that potentially detects dead organisms or extracellular DNA [34]. This is an issue arising from eDNA sequence surveys of sediment/soil environments. In contrast, extracellular RNA is thought to be less stable so that the use of rRNA can be useful for identifying ribosomally active microbes, inferring intact cells, but not distinguishing between active, senescent, dormant or encysted cells [35]. Therefore, we cannot exclude the possibility that the Perkinsea detected here are in a dormancy period or 'dying' whilst still maintaining transcription of a detectable RNA profile. However, these analyses identify a diverse range of ribosomally active Perkinsea in marine sediments, while in contrast recovering very little evidence of Perkinsea in the water column.
It has previously been suggested that Syndiniales, including Marine Alveolata group I and II, predominate as parasitic protists in marine waters [36] while it has been suggested that in freshwater environments Perkinsea might play analogous roles in terms of diversity and abundance [5,8,14]. The data presented here indicate that the situation is not so clear-cut and supports the conclusion that Perkinsea are a hitherto under-sampled, diverse, widespread and active group in marine sediments, although the abundance and diversity appears to be somewhat lower than that observed for Syndiniales in marine water column samples [4,8,10,36]. In contrast, the Perkinsea, apart from previously described groups, appear largely absent in the four European marine water columns sampled here. Although we note that absence in the water column may be an artefact produced by: 1) limited detection of Perkinsea by the sequencing methods employed here which is likely to be abundance-dependant and therefore prone to miss low abundance groups, and 2) an incomplete sampling of the environments, for example exclusion of certain size fractions, time series, and sampling across a diversity of abiotic gradients.
These results are based on 454 methods targeting a broad spectrum of eukaryotes followed by bioinformatics extraction of Perkinsea-like sequences. Such approaches can lead to partial detection of target groups, dependant on level of sequence saturation achieved and comprehensiveness of the primers selected. In reality achieving single gene-marker primers that allow comprehensive sampling combined with sample saturation is experimentally difficult, unless a narrow group is targeted. As such, future work should incorporate a multiple -group specific- primer approach in order to improve sampling of Perkinsea diversity and map their environmental distribution. A major challenge of future work is to elucidate the ecological roles of this diversity of Perkinsea putative parasites revealed by eDNA surveys.
Four European coastal stations were sampled (Figure 1A) as part of the work of the BioMarKs consortium (http://biomarks.scrol.fr webcite): offshore Oslo (Norway, GPS position 59°15′N, 10°42′E), Naples (Italy, GPS position 40°48.5′N, 14°15′E), Blanes near Barcelona (Spain, GPS position 41°40′N, 2°48′E) and Roscoff (France, GPS position 48°46′N, 3°57′W). Each station was sampled over three depths (sediment, DCM and sub-surface) using the same sampling protocol (as described in [37] - Figure 1A). Environmental conditions and sampling area are described in [28]. Briefly, 30 to 50 litres of seawater were collected at the sub-surface and DCM either using a plankton net (for the fraction between 20–2,000 μm) or using Niskin bottles (for sampling of fractions less than 20 μm) coupled to a CTD sensor. Water samples were then size-fractioned using different pore size polycarbonate filters of 142 nm diameter (20 μm, between 3–20 μm and finally between 0.8-3 μm). Each filter was flash frozen and stored at −80°C for further analysis. Sediment samples were taken from a sediment core. Small aliquots of the surface sediment material (~1 cm3) were frozen and stored at −80°C for molecular analysis.
DNA/RNA extraction and 454 tag sequencing
For water column samples, DNA and RNA were extracted simultaneously using the NucleoSpin RNA L kit (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany). For sediment samples, DNA and RNA were isolated using the PowerMax Soil DNA Isolation kit and the PowerSoil total RNA Isolation kit (MoBio, USA). DNA and RNA quality were confirmed using gel electrophoresis (1.5% agarose gels) and quantified using a NanoDrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer. To avoid contamination by DNA in the RNA extractions, DNAse from the TurboDNA kit (Ambion, Carlsbad, CA, USA) was used to remove traces of DNA. Extracted RNA (100 ng) was reverse transcribed into cDNA using random primers and the Superscript III RT kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) following the protocol outlined by the manufacturer.
Universal eukaryotic primers TAReuk454FWD1 (5′-CCAGCASCYGCGGTAATTCC-3′) and TAReukREV3 (5′-ACTTTCGTTCTTGATYRA-3′) were used to sample the V4 region (~380 bp) of the SSU rDNA [27] using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The primers were adapted for 454 sequencing with an A-adapter-tag forward and a B-adapter reverse as outlined in the 454 sequencing instructions. PCRs were performed in 25 μl mixtures of 1X Master Mix fusion High Fidelity DNA polymerase (Finnzymes, Thermo Scientific, Espoo, Finland), 0.35 μM of each primer, 3% dimethyl sulfoxide and 5 ng of template DNA or cDNA. PCR reactions consisted of an initial denaturation step at 98°C for 30s, followed by 10 cycles of: 10s at 98°C, 30s at 53°C and 30s at 72°C and then 15 cycles of 10s at 98°C, 30s at 48°C and 30s at 72°C. All PCR products were conducted in triplicate, checked using agarose gel electrophoresis (1.5% agarose gels), pooled and purified using NucleoSpinExtract II (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany), eluted in 30 μl of water, and quantified using NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer. A final quantity of 200 ng of PCR product was then selected for 454 sequencing. Amplicon sequencing was carried out using a 454 GS FLX Titanium system (454 life sciences, Branford, USA) installed at Genoscope (http://www.genoscope.cns.fr webcite), France.
Analysis of 454 reads of the V4 area SSU and phylogenetic analysis
Only reads with exact forward and reverse primer sequences and an estimated sequence error of ≤ 0.1% were retained for further analysis. Reads were assigned to taxonomic groups by co-clustering of sample sequences with those from a custom-built reference SSU rDNA database PR2[38] truncated to the V4 region. Reads were assigned to the Perkinsea when they were more similar to a reference Perkinsea sequence than to any other sequence in the PR2 database, in terms of global alignment identity. This process identified 271 sequences tentatively classified as Perkinsea (each sequence has been labelled with a sequence number followed by the sequencing ID, see Additional file 5: Table S4 for details).
Additional file 5: Table S4. Description of the V4 sequences ID labeling. Each sequence has been labeled by a unique number was given in Figures 2 and 3 (named X) followed by the sampling ID labeling.
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All existing Perkinsea SSU rDNA sequences (both environmental and from cultured organisms) plus a selection of 31 published sequences that encompass all the other major Alveolata lineages were recovered from the NCBI non-redundant nucleotide database and assembled into a reference dataset of 67 sequences (Additional file 2: Table S1 and Additional file 3: Table S2). The Perkinsea 454 V4 sequences were aligned to the previous reference dataset using Muscle [39], as implemented through the multiple alignment-editing program Seaview [39,40]. The alignment was then improved manually, with particular attention to the V4 region. Ambiguously aligned characters were masked and excluded from the alignment prior to phylogenetic analysis. A preliminary tree was used to identify long-branch or highly novel sequences that could potentially represent chimerical sequences. Candidate chimerical sequences were investigated further by visual inspection of the alignment according to methods described by Berney and co-authors [29]. Of the 271 putative Perkinsea 454 tags identified from the Biomarks dataset, 265 marine V4 454 sequences branched with the Perkinsea and were retained for the final analyses (Table 1 and Additional file 5: Table S4). All 271 sequences are available in the European nucleotide archive (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena webcite) under accession numbers PRJEB5698. We have included the six putative chimeras in the submission so these can be checked historically, these six sequences have the reference numbers 37–0005, 54–0139, 134–0005, 138–0140, 206–0147 and 268–0287.
Two datasets were then created, with different alignment masks: 1) a dataset encompassing the complete SSU rDNA sequence alignment and including a wide selection of Alveolata lineages (Alveolata SSU dataset composed of 1,437 positions and 377 sequences) and 2) a second dataset restricted to an alignment mask of the V4 region and focusing only on the Perkinsea phylotypes including sequences from Bråte et al.[14] (Perkinsea V4 dataset; 330 positions and 351 sequences). As the 454 sequences only encompassed the V4 region, for the first alignment, all missing positions in the Alveolata SSU dataset were encoded as gaps (consistent with the approach used in [14]). Prior to phylogenetic analyses we used the program Modelgenerator v0.85 [41] to determine the best model parameters for the two datasets. For the Alveolata SSU dataset a general time reversible model was selected with a discrete gamma distribution of the substitution rates (8 categories) and a proportion of invariable sites of 0.14 (GTR + Γ + I; gamma distribution shape parameter of 0.32). For the Perkinsea V4 dataset a GTR + Γ model was selected, with a gamma distribution shape parameter of 0.32 and 8 rate categories.
We then conducted Bayesian analyses using MrBayes v3.2.1 [42]. For both datasets we used the covarion parameter and a Γ rate correction with nst = 6 (equivalent to the GTR substitution model). The chains were run for 5,000,000 generations with two replicate tree searches both with 4 chains with a heat parameter of 2. Trees were sampled every 250 generations. In both analyses the MrBayes runs reached a stationary phase by 500 generation samples, and so the first 500 samples were discarded (as the burnin), and a consensus topology calculated from the remaining trees. For both analyses, the covarion model was compared to the non-covarion via Bayesian model comparison. This should be done using Bayes factors (the ratio of the respective marginal likelihoods for the two models) [43]. Unfortunately, the high dimensionality of parameter space makes the marginal likelihood term computationally intractable to evaluate directly. Therefore, the simplest, if somewhat imperfect, method of estimating the marginal likelihood is that of the modified [44] harmonic mean estimator [45] as implemented in the Trace package v1.4 [46] using 1,000 bootstrap pseudo-replicates. These analyses demonstrate that the use of covarion parameters produced an improved tree search (Additional file 6: Table S5).
Additional file 6: Table S5. Bayesian model comparison for method selection in phylogenetic inference.
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This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Word Viewer
For both datasets, support for the tree topology was evaluated by the bootstrap method and using the Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) from the MrBayes runs [42]. Bootstrap support values (BV) were estimated using RAxML v7.0.3 [47], with 1,000 pseudo-replicates. For the Perkinsea V4 dataset, we also conducted a LogDet distance analysis [48] with 1,000 pseudo-replicates, as implemented in the Seaview [40] tree calculation module. This extra analysis was included to account for the possibility of compositional biases in the sequences [49]. We did not conduct LogDet analysis for the Alveolata SSU dataset because the large number of missing characters resulted in poor bootstrap results (which was not an issue for the likelihood and Bayesian analyses).
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
For the BioMarKs project, SR carried out the molecular work and SA the global bioinformatics analyses. CdV and TAR are PI's on the BioMarKs project. AC and CB constructed the sequence alignment. AC and TAR analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
AC is supported by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship grant (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF - 299815 PARAFROGS) and an EMBO Long-Term fellowship (ATL-1069-2011). The work is part of EU ERA-Net program BiodivERsA, under the project BioMarKs (Biodiversity of Marine euKaryotes). TAR is an EMBO Young Investigator and is supported by research grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grant GBMF3307), NERC and the BBSRC. CB thanks NERC for a Standard Research Grant (NE/H009426/1). We are grateful to Laure Guillou for providing the Parvilucifera rostrata (RCC2800) SSU sequence prior to publication.
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From 1998, Nuku Nuku TV is a comedy version of (or one could say parody of) the Nuku Nuku OVA that was released in 1992. Read morePublished on August 14, 2013 by V
I REALLY enjoyed this DVD! In the first episode Nuku Nuku experieces her first day at school. Her classmates are totally strange! Read morePublished on June 26, 2005


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Home > Health Library > Other Conditions With Symptoms Similar to Spinal Stenosis
Symptoms of
spinal stenosis can appear to be similar to symptoms
of some other conditions.
Conditions with symptoms similar to those of cervical (neck) spinal stenosis include:
Conditions with symptoms similar to those of lumbar (low back) spinal stenosis include:
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My Youtube Channel (latest mythic HFC kill vids: Tyrant Velhari, Fel Lord Zakuun, Shadow-Lord Iskar).
My Twitch stream (with all attempts for above kills temporarily archived)
I just hope they reinstate the armor- and weaponsmith patterns they took out quite a while back. I never got to make a Deep Thunder or that Lion one :-(
---------- Post added 2013-01-17 at 12:32 AM ----------
I want any 2-hander to be moggable to a polearm, warriors with polearms look cool, but there hasn't been a viable STR-polearm since Violet hold back in WotLK...
I still have my trusty old "Halberd of smiting" in my bank, and i miss using it. T_T (Or at least appearing to use it :P )


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"Dude relax, I receive too much tweets," Morin replied to one Twitter user who had repeatedly badgered the developer for an answer. "[There is] no demo planned before release. Sorry for the wait, doing my best," he added. The next day, Morin was asked to explain this lack of a Watch Dogs demo. "Doing Demos take time, the focus is on the game," he tweeted. "You will see more footage before release. Be patient & thanks for your passion."
Watch Dogs is slated for release on May 27. It will debut on the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. A Wii U version of Watch Dogs is also in development, but we haven't heard anything on when that version will be released since Ubisoft delayed the game in February.
[Image: Ubisoft]
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Watch Dogs (03/06/2014)
Buy from $280
- Key specs
- Prices
- Discussions
- Game format Optical disc, Downloadable
- Online features Multiplayer, Voice chat, Video chat, Store, Browser
- Drive capacity 250 GB
- Controller type Wired, Wireless
- Motion controls Accelerometer, Gyroscopic
- Video outputs HDMI (v1.3), RCA / composite
- Released 2012-09-25
Sony PlayStation 4
Nintendo Wii U
Microsoft Xbox One