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Publications (26)195.92 Total impact
Article: Maternal PUFA Status but Not Prenatal Methylmercury Exposure Is Associated with Children's Language Functions at Age Five Years in the Seychelles[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Evidence from the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study suggests that maternal nutritional status can modulate the relationship between prenatal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure and developmental outcomes in children. The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal PUFA status was a confounding factor in any possible associations between prenatal MeHg exposure and developmental outcomes at 5 y of age in the Republic of Seychelles. Maternal status of (n-3) and (n-6) PUFA were measured in serum collected at 28 wk gestation and delivery. Prenatal MeHg exposure was determined in maternal hair collected at delivery. At 5 y of age, the children completed a comprehensive range of sensitive developmental assessments. Complete data from 225 mothers and their children were available for analysis. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed Preschool Language Scale scores of the children improved with increasing maternal serum DHA [22:6(n-3)] concentrations and decreased with increasing arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)] concentrations, albeit verbal intelligence improved with increasing (n-6) PUFA concentrations in maternal serum. There were no adverse associations between MeHg exposure and developmental outcomes. These findings suggest that higher fish consumption, resulting in higher maternal (n-3) PUFA status, during pregnancy is associated with beneficial developmental effects rather than detrimental effects resulting from the higher concomitant exposures of the fetus to MeHg. The association of maternal (n-3) PUFA status with improved child language development may partially explain the authors' previous finding of improving language scores, as prenatal MeHg exposure increased in an earlier mother-child cohort in the Seychelles where maternal PUFA status was not measured.Journal of Nutrition 09/2012; 142(11):1943-9. DOI:10.3945/jn.112.163493 · 3.88 Impact Factor
Article: Corrigendum to "Associations of maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl mercury, and infant development in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study" [NeuroToxicology 29(5) (2008) 776–782]NeuroToxicology 12/2011; 32(6):991. DOI:10.1016/j.neuro.2011.05.004 · 3.38 Impact Factor
Article: Corrigendum to "Neurodevelopmental effects of maternal nutritional status and exposure to methyl mercury from eating fish during pregnancy" [NeuroToxicology 29 (5) (2008) 767–775]NeuroToxicology 12/2011; 32(6):990-990. DOI:10.1016/j.neuro.2011.05.005 · 3.38 Impact Factor
Article: Fish consumption, mercury exposure, and their associations with scholastic achievement in the Seychelles Child Development Study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Studies of neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring exposed to MeHg from maternal consumption of fish have primarily measured cognitive abilities. Reported associations have been subtle and in both adverse and beneficial directions. Changes in functional outcomes such as school achievement and behavior in exposed children and adolescents have not been examined. We undertook an assessment of school success of children in the Seychelles Child Development Study (SCDS) main cohort to determine if there were any associations with either prenatal or recent postnatal MeHg exposure. The primary endpoints were Seychelles nationally standardized end-of-year examinations given when the cohort children were 9 and 17 years of age. A subgroup (n=215) from the main cohort was also examined at 9 years of age using a regional achievement test called SACMEQ. Prenatal MeHg exposure was 6.8 ppm in maternal hair; recent postnatal exposure was 6.09 ppm at 9 years and 8.0 ppm at 17 years, measured in child hair. Multiple linear regression analyses showed no pattern of associations between prenatal or postnatal exposure, and either the 9- or 17-year end-of-year examination scores. For the subgroup of 215 subjects who participated in the SACMEQ test, there were significant adverse associations between examination scores and postnatal exposure, but only for males. The average postnatal exposure level in child hair for this subgroup was significantly higher than for the overall cohort. These results are consistent with our earlier studies and support the interpretation that prenatal MeHg exposure at dosages achieved by mothers consuming a diet high in fish are not associated with adverse educational measures of scholastic achievement. The adverse association of educational measures with postnatal exposure in males is intriguing, but will need to be confirmed by further studies examining factors that influence scholastic achievement.NeuroToxicology 09/2010; 31(5):439-47. DOI:10.1016/j.neuro.2010.05.010 · 3.38 Impact Factor
Article: Neurodevelopmental effects of maternal nutrition status and exposure to methylmercury from eating fish during pregnancy[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Fish contain nutrients that promote optimal brain growth and development but also contain methylmercury (MeHg) that can have toxic effects. The present study tested the hypothesis that the intake of selected nutrients in fish or measures of maternal nutritional status may represent important confounders when estimating the effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure on child development. The study took place in the Republic of Seychelles, an Indian Ocean archipelago where fish consumption is high. A longitudinal cohort study design was used. A total of 300 mothers were enrolled early in pregnancy. Nutrients considered to be important for brain development were measured during pregnancy along with prenatal MeHg exposure. The children were evaluated periodically to age 30 months. There were 229 children with complete outcome and covariate data for analysis. The primary endpoint was the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II), administered at 9 and 30 months of age. Combinations of four secondary measures of infant cognition and memory were also given at 5, 9 and 25 months. Cohort mothers consumed an average of 537 g of fish (nine meals containing fish) per week. The average prenatal MeHg exposure was 5.9 ppm in maternal hair. The primary analysis examined the associations between MeHg, maternal nutritional measures and children's scores on the BSID-II and showed an adverse association between MeHg and the mean Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) score at 30 months. Secondary analyses of the association between the PDI and only MeHg alone or nutritional factors alone showed only a borderline significant association between MeHg and the PDI at 30 months and no associations with nutritional factors. One experimental measure at 5 months of age was positively associated with iodine status, but not prenatal MeHg exposure. These findings suggest a possible confounding role of maternal nutrition in studies examining associations between prenatal MeHg exposures and developmental outcomes in children.NeuroToxicology 07/2008; 29(5):767-75. DOI:10.1016/j.neuro.2008.06.001 · 3.38 Impact Factor
Article: Associations of maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl mercury, and infant development in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Fish consumption during gestation can provide the fetus with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and other nutrients essential for growth and development of the brain. However, fish consumption also exposes the fetus to the neurotoxicant, methyl mercury (MeHg). We studied the association between these fetal exposures and early child development in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study (SCDNS). Specifically, we examined a priori models of Omega-3 and Omega-6 LCPUFA measures in maternal serum to test the hypothesis that these LCPUFA families before or after adjusting for prenatal MeHg exposure would reveal associations with child development assessed by the BSID-II at ages 9 and 30 months. There were 229 children with complete outcome and covariate data available for analysis. At 9 months, the PDI was positively associated with total Omega-3 LCPUFA and negatively associated with the ratio of Omega-6/Omega-3 LCPUFA. These associations were stronger in models adjusted for prenatal MeHg exposure. Secondary models suggested that the MeHg effect at 9 months varied by the ratio of Omega-6/Omega-3 LCPUFA. There were no significant associations between LCPUFA measures and the PDI at 30 months. There were significant adverse associations, however, between prenatal MeHg and the 30-month PDI when the LCPUFA measures were included in the regression analysis. The BSID-II mental developmental index (MDI) was not associated with any exposure variable. These data support the potential importance to child development of prenatal availability of Omega-3 LCPUFA present in fish and of LCPUFA in the overall diet. Furthermore, they indicate that the beneficial effects of LCPUFA can obscure the determination of adverse effects of prenatal MeHg exposure in longitudinal observational studies.NeuroToxicology 07/2008; 29(5):776-82. DOI:10.1016/j.neuro.2008.06.002 · 3.38 Impact Factor
Article: Is susceptibility to prenatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption non-homogeneous? Tree-structured analysis for the Seychelles Child Development Study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Studies of the association between prenatal methylmercury exposure from maternal fish consumption during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental test scores in the Seychelles Child Development Study have found no consistent pattern of associations through age 9 years. The analyses for the most recent 9-year data examined the population effects of prenatal exposure, but did not address the possibility of non-homogeneous susceptibility. This paper presents a regression tree approach: covariate effects are treated non-linearly and non-additively and non-homogeneous effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure are permitted among the covariate clusters identified by the regression tree. The approach allows us to address whether children in the lower or higher ends of the developmental spectrum differ in susceptibility to subtle exposure effects. Of 21 endpoints available at age 9 years, we chose the Weschler Full Scale IQ and its associated covariates to construct the regression tree. The prenatal mercury effect in each of the nine resulting clusters was assessed linearly and non-homogeneously. In addition we reanalyzed five other 9-year endpoints that in the linear analysis had a two-tailed p-value <0.2 for the effect of prenatal exposure. In this analysis, motor proficiency and activity level improved significantly with increasing MeHg for 53% of the children who had an average home environment. Motor proficiency significantly decreased with increasing prenatal MeHg exposure in 7% of the children whose home environment was below average. The regression tree results support previous analyses of outcomes in this cohort. However, this analysis raises the intriguing possibility that an effect may be non-homogeneous among children with different backgrounds and IQ levels.NeuroToxicology 12/2007; 28(6):1237-44. DOI:10.1016/j.neuro.2007.08.009 · 3.38 Impact Factor
Article: Development and validation of a test battery to assess subtle neurodevelopmental differences in children[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: There is increasing concern over the impact of low-dose exposures to environmental chemicals on children's neurobehavioral function. To determine subtle alterations in children's function, it is necessary to move beyond global measures such as IQ and employ tests that can detect small, subtle neurodevelopmental effects across a broad array of behavioral domains. We investigated the sensitivity and specificity of a battery of 63 neurodevelopmental tests or tasks designed to detect outcomes representing the type of subtle neurodevelopmental deficits caused by exposure to neurotoxicants in school-aged children. We studied Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) graduates, a population known to be at risk for both major and mild anomalies in perception, motor functioning, learning, memory and cognition. This population served as a surrogate to evaluate the capacity of these tests and tasks to predict such deficits. The subjects' histories of previous exposures to any environmental neurotoxicants was not ascertainable, but exposures to elevated levels was not suspected. Over one-third of the 63 measures proved capable of detecting pre-diagnosed lower IQ, the presence of a learning disability (LD) or a neonatal risk profile with at least 70% sensitivity and specificity. Some tests were differentially sensitive and specific, depending upon the presence or absence of one or more of several covariates such as gender, age, hearing status, or familiarity with computers. Tests were also eliminated from the battery if they were affected by too many covariates. We propose calling the final battery of tests that are specific and sensitive to subtle neurodevelopmental changes the Rochester test battery (RTB). Further studies are needed to confirm the capability of the RTB to detect subtle changes associated with neurotoxic exposures.NeuroToxicology 01/2007; 27(6):951-69. DOI:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.03.025 · 3.38 Impact Factor
Article: Methylmercury and neurodevelopment: Longitudinal analysis of the Seychelles child development cohort[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Seychelles Child Development Study (SCDS) has been longitudinally following a cohort of over 700 children enrolled in 1989. Their mothers consumed a diet high in fish during pregnancy. Repeated examination of the SCDS cohort at six different ages through age 11 years has shown no pattern of adverse effects. Some early appearing beneficial associations between both prenatal and postnatal hair MeHg and several child development endpoints were noted. We hypothesized these might be related to micronutrients in the fish, but they were not found when the children reached middle school age. These findings suggest that the associations observed between MeHg and developmental outcomes may vary with developmental stage. We examined the main cohort of the SCDS to determine if this might be true using a longitudinal multiple regression analysis design that focused on those endpoints that were repeatedly measured at different ages. The primary endpoint analyzed was global cognition, involving a measure of developmental quotient or IQ. Secondary analyses included other domains such as Reading and Mathematics scholastic achievement, social behavior, and memory. Analyses involved two different approaches, one including incorporation of a passage of time variable, the other including a difference of scores across time points. No significant associations were found between prenatal MeHg exposure and any of the repeatedly measured endpoints. These results suggest that even when individual subject variance is controlled there was no consistent pattern of associations between child development outcomes and prenatal exposures to MeHg from maternal consumption of a diet high in fish. The Seychellois diet contains about 10 times more ocean fish than is typically consumed by US citizens. Our primary focus on IQ should further inform growing scientific interest in the analysis of the risks and benefits of fish consumption on overall cognitive ability.Neurotoxicology and Teratology 09/2006; 28(5):529-35. DOI:10.1016/j.ntt.2006.06.002 · 2.76 Impact Factor
Article: Exploring nonlinear association between prenatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption and child development: Evaluation of the Seychelles Child Development Study nine-year data using semiparametric additive models[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Studies of the association between prenatal methylmercury exposure from maternal fish consumption and neurodevelopmental test scores in the Seychelles Child Development Study have not found adverse effects through age 9 years. The analysis for the most recent 9-year data (Lancet 361 (2003) 1686) employed conventional linear regression models. In this study we reanalyzed the same Seychelles 9-year data using semiparametric additive models with different degrees of smoothing to explore whether nonlinear effects of prenatal exposure were present. Of 21 endpoints in the linear analysis, we chose only those with a two-tailed P value less than 0.2 for the effect of prenatal exposure. Six endpoints met the criterion. A nonlinear effect was identified with the more smooth model for only one endpoint. The test for an overall effect of prenatal exposure was also significant, with a P value of 0.04, while the corresponding P value in the linear regression analysis was 0.08. The nonlinear curve appeared to be nearly flat when the level was below approximately 12 ppm in maternal hair, with a linear trend above that level, suggesting a possible adverse effect in the uppermost range of prenatal exposure included in this cohort. Because of the descriptive nature of semiparametric additive models, the P values are not precise, and certainly there are fewer data above 12 ppm. We conclude that this reanalysis supports the primary linear analysis, showing little evidence for a prenatal adverse effect.Environmental Research 02/2005; 97(1):100-8. DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2004.05.004 · 4.37 Impact Factor
Article: Using measurement error models to assess effects of prenatal and postnatal methylmercury exposure in the Seychelles Child Development Study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Studies of the effects of environmental exposures on human health typically require estimation of both exposure and outcome. Standard methods for the assessment of the association between exposure and outcome include multiple linear regression analysis, which assumes that the outcome variable is observed with error, while the levels of exposure and other explanatory variables are measured with complete accuracy, so that there is no deviation of the measured from the actual value. The term measurement error in this discussion refers to the difference between the actual or true level and the value that is actually observed. In the investigations of the effects of prenatal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure from fish consumption on child development, the only way to obtain a true exposure level (producing the toxic effect) is to ascertain the concentration in fetal brain, which is not possible. As is often the case in studies of environmental exposures, the measured exposure level is a biomarker, such as the average maternal hair level during gestation. Measurement of hair mercury is widely used as a biological indicator for exposure to MeHg and is the only indicator that has been calibrated against the target tissue, the developing brain. Variability between the measured and the true values in explanatory variables in a multiple regression analysis can produce bias, leading to either over or underestimation of regression parameters (slopes). Fortunately, statistical methods known as measurement error models (MEM) are available to account for measurement errors in explanatory variables in multiple regression analysis, and these methods can provide an (either "unbiased" or "bias-corrected") estimate of the unknown outcome/exposure relationship. In this paper, we illustrate MEM analysis by reanalyzing data from the 5.5-year test battery in the Seychelles Child Development Study, a longitudinal study of prenatal exposure to MeHg from maternal consumption of a diet high in fish. The use of the MEM approach was made possible by the existence of independent, calibration data on the magnitude of the variability of the measurement error deviations for the biomarker of prenatal exposure used in this study, the maternal hair level. Our reanalysis indicated that adjustment for measurement errors in explanatory variables had no appreciable effect on the original results.Environmental Research 11/2003; 93(2):115-22. DOI:10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00089-6 · 4.37 Impact Factor
Article: Prenatal methylmercury exposure from ocean fish consumption in the Seychelles Child Development Study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) before birth can adversely affect children's neurodevelopment. The most common form of prenatal exposure is maternal fish consumption, but whether such exposure harms the fetus is unknown. We aimed to identify adverse neurodevelopmental effects in a fish-consuming population. We investigated 779 mother-infant pairs residing in the Republic of Seychelles. Mothers reported consuming fish on average 12 meals per week. Fish in Seychelles contain much the same concentrations of MeHg as commercial ocean fish elsewhere. Prenatal MeHg exposure was determined from maternal hair growing during pregnancy. We assessed neurocognitive, language, memory, motor, perceptual-motor, and behavioural functions in children at age 9 years. The association between prenatal MeHg exposure and the primary endpoints was investigated with multiple linear regression with adjustment for covariates that affect child development. Mean prenatal MeHg exposure was 6.9 parts per million (SD 4.5 ppm). Only two endpoints were associated with prenatal MeHg exposure. Increased exposure was associated with decreased performance in the grooved pegboard using the non-dominant hand in males and improved scores in the hyperactivity index of the Conner's teacher rating scale. Covariates affecting child development were appropriately associated with endpoints. These data do not support the hypothesis that there is a neurodevelopmental risk from prenatal MeHg exposure resulting solely from ocean fish consumption.The Lancet 06/2003; 361(9370):1686-92. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13371-5 · 45.22 Impact Factor
Article: Association between Prenatal Exposure to Methylmercury and Cognitive Functioning in Seychellois Children: A Reanalysis of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Ability from the Main Cohort Study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxicant whose high-dose effects first became known following a number of poisoning outbreaks that occurred worldwide. The primary human exposure is low dosage from fish consumption. Studies of fish-eating populations have not found a consistent pattern of association between exposures and outcomes. Therefore, examining specific areas of cognitive functioning has been suggested as an important approach to determine whether more subtle effects of MeHg exposure are present. In the Seychelles longitudinal study of prenatal and postnatal MeHg exposure from fish consumption and development, the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) were administered to children at age 66 months. No association between MeHg exposure and performance on the MSCA General Cognitive Index was identified. We analyzed these data further to determine whether associations were present on specific subscales of the MSCA. The standard MSCA subscales were analyzed. Then, more specific subscales of the MSCA were defined and analyzed utilizing a neuropsychological approach. The subscales were recombined to approximate the domains of cognitive functioning evaluated in the Faroes and New Zealand studies. Analyses of both the standard and the recombined MSCA subscales showed no adverse associations with MeHg exposure and neuropsychological endpoints. A positive association between postnatal MeHg exposure and performance on the MSCA Memory subscale was found. These findings are consistent with previous reports from the Seychelles study in that no adverse effects of MeHg exposure from fish consumption can be detected in this cohort.Environmental Research 11/2000; 84(2):81-8. DOI:10.1006/enrs.2000.4095 · 4.37 Impact Factor
Article: Association between Methylmercury Exposure from Fish Consumption and Child Development at Five and a Half Years of Age in the Seychelles Child Development Study: An Evaluation of Nonlinear Relationships[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Studies to date of the developmental effects of pre- and postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption in the Seychelles Islands, using linear regression models for analysis, have not shown adverse effects on neurodevelopmental test scores. In this study we evaluated whether nonlinear effects of methylmercury exposure were present, using scores on six tests administered to cohort children in the Seychelles Child Development Study at 66 months of age. Prenatal exposure was determined by measuring mercury in a segment of maternal scalp hair representing growth during pregnancy. Postnatal exposure was measured in a segment of the child's hair taken at 66-months of age. Generalized additive models (GAMs), which make no assumptions about the functional form of the relationship between exposure and test score, were used in the analysis. GAMs similar to the original linear regression models were used to reanalyze the six primary developmental endpoints from the 66-month test battery. Small nonlinearities were identified in the relationships between prenatal exposure and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS) Total score and Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) and between postnatal exposure and the McCarthy General Cognitive Index (GCI) test scores. The effects are best described graphically but can be summarized by computing the change in the predicted test score from 0 to either 10 or 15 ppm and then above this point. For the PLS the trend involved a decline of 0.8 points between 0 and 10 ppm followed by an increase (representing improvement) of 1.3 points above 10 ppm. For the CBCL there was an increase of 1 point from 0 to 15 ppm, and then a decline (improvement) of 4 points above 15 ppm. The GCI increased by 1.8 points through 10 ppm and then declined 3.2 points (representing worse performance) above 10 ppm. These results are not entirely consistent. Two of the trends involve what appear to be beneficial effects of prenatal exposure. The one possibly adverse trend involves postnatal exposure. In every case the trend changes direction, so that an effect in one direction is followed by an effect in the opposite direction. Because of the descriptive nature of GAMs it is difficult to provide a precise level of statistical significance for the estimated trends. Certainly above 10 ppm there is less data and trends above this level are estimated less precisely. Overall there was no clear evidence for consistent (across the entire range of exposure levels) adverse effects of exposure on the six developmental outcomes. Further nonlinear modeling of these data may be appropriate, but there is also the risk of fitting complex models without a clear biological rationale.Environmental Research 11/2000; 84(2):71-80. DOI:10.1006/enrs.2000.4082 · 4.37 Impact Factor
Article: Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Seychellois Children from the Pilot Cohort at 108 Months Following Prenatal Exposure to Methylmercury from a Maternal Fish Diet[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Seychelles Child Development Study has been unable to confirm any relationship between maternal exposure to MeHg during pregnancy and adverse developmental outcomes. In this report, 87 children from a pilot cohort were evaluated at 9 years of age. Each child was given a battery testing specific cognitive, visual motor, and motor skills using standardized psychometric and neuro-psychological tests. The results indicated no adverse association between maternal MeHg exposure and any developmental outcome measure. For three endpoints (Boston Naming Test and two tests of visual motor coordination), enhanced performance in males was associated with increasing prenatal MeHg exposure. A secondary analysis including both prenatal MeHg and postnatal MeHg exposure was done even though we lacked postnatal hair for about 35% of the cohort. The results of the secondary analysis mirrored the outcomes of the primary analysis regarding prenatal exposure but were less robust. The results of this study are consistent with earlier findings from the 66-month evaluations of the SCDS Main cohort. Since MeHg is neurotoxic, this effect is likely due to other factors associated with consumption of fish.Environmental Research 10/2000; 84(1):1-11. DOI:10.1006/enrs.2000.4084 · 4.37 Impact Factor
Article: Association between prenatal exposure to methylmercury and developmental outcomes in seychellois children: Effect modification by social and environmental factors[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Seychelles Child Development Study (SCDS) is testing the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to low doses of MeHg from maternal consumption of fish is associated with the child's developmental outcomes. No deleterious relationships between exposure to MeHg and cognitive functions have been identified in the primary analysis of the main cohort through 66 months of age. We performed secondary analyses to determine if effect modification (EM) from social and environmental factors was affecting associations between MeHg and outcomes. MeHg exposure was determined by analysis of maternal hair growing during pregnancy. Children in our Main Study cohort were evaluated at 6.5 months (N = 740) for visual recognition memory and visual attention using the Fagan Infantest, at 19 months (N = 738) and 29 months (N = 736) with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID). Interactions between MeHg and Caregiver Intelligence, Family Income and Home Environment were examined by multiple regression analysis. The median prenatal MeHg exposure was 5.9 ppm (Range 0.5-26.7 ppm). No EM occurred for preferential looking or visual attention at 6.5 months, for the BSID Psychomotor Scale at either 19 or 29 months, or for activity level at 29 months as measured by the BSID Infant Behavior Record. Interactions between MeHg level and both caregiver intelligence and family income were statistically significant for the BSID Mental Scale at 19 months but not at 29 months. These showed enhancement of MDI scores with increasing maternal MeHg in higher caregiver IQ groups at several levels of family income. In Seychellois children, consistent major EM by social or environmental factors were not identified. The small EM by caregiver intelligence and social factors at 19 months is consistent with the enhanced performance we reported when this cohort was examined at 66 months.NeuroToxicology 11/1999; 20(5):833-41. · 3.38 Impact Factor
Article: Characteristics of older adults with intellectual disabilities referred for crisis intervention[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to identify the age correlates of behavioural crises in adults with intellectual disability (ID) living in the community. The cohort consisted of 185 clients (IQ < 70), ranging in age from 20 to > 70 years, who were referred to a crisis intervention programme specializing in services to individuals with dual diagnosis over a 7-year period. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of historical and contemporaneous variables was completed. Referrals for crisis intervention were not related to the age of the client Aggression and non-compliant behaviour occurred with similar frequency in all age groups. Other behaviours, including withdrawal, self-injury, stereotypy and symptoms of psychiatric disorders, occurred less often in older clients. Severity of ID affected the pattern of behavioural crises that resulted in referral. The results suggest that people with ID residing in community settings still experience behavioural crises as they grow older. Confirmation of the trends reported in the present study might signal a need for accelerating the development of comprehensive age-span community mental health and behavioural supports.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 02/1999; 43 ( Pt 1)(1):38-46. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2788.1999.43120173.x · 2.41 Impact Factor
Article: Effects of prenatal and postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption on neurodevelopment: outcomes at 66 months of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Human neurodevelopmental consequences of exposure to methyl-mercury (MeHg) from eating fish remain a question of public health concern. To study the association between MeHg exposure and the developmental outcomes of children in the Republic of Seychelles at 66 months of age. A prospective longitudinal cohort study. A total of 711 of 779 cohort mother-child pairs initially enrolled in the Seychelles Child Development Study in 1989. The Republic of Seychelles, an archipelago in the Indian Ocean where 85% of the population consumes ocean fish daily. Prenatal and postnatal MeHg exposure and 6 age-appropriate neurodevelopmental tests: the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, the Preschool Language Scale, the Woodcock-Johnson Applied Problems and Letter and Word Recognition Tests of Achievement, the Bender Gestalt test, and the Child Behavior Checklist. The mean maternal hair total mercury level was 6.8 ppm and the mean child hair total mercury level at age 66 months was 6.5 ppm. No adverse outcomes at 66 months were associated with either prenatal or postnatal MeHg exposure. In the population studied, consumption of a diet high in ocean fish appears to pose no threat to developmental outcomes through 66 months of age.JAMA The Journal of the American Medical Association 09/1998; 280(8):701-7. · 35.29 Impact Factor
Article: Semiparametric Modeling of Age at Achieving Developmental Milestones after Prenatal Exposure to Methylmercury in the Seychelles Child Development Study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Controversy exists concerning the fetal risk associated with exposure to low-dose methylmercury from maternal fish consumption. Previous studies of the effects of acute prenatal mercury exposure identified delays in achieving developmental milestones among exposed children. This led to public health concern that prenatal low-dose exposure from fish consumption could adversely affect the fetus. We evaluated the effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure (through maternal fish consumption) on the age that children walked and first said words in the main study cohort of the Seychelles Child Development Study. We used semiparametric generalized additive models to identify nonlinearities in the relationships between prenatal exposure and developmental outcomes, after adjusting for covariates, and to evaluate their importance. Very slight delays (<1 day) in walking were seen as mercury levels increased from 0 to 7 ppm, but this effect did not persist at the higher exposure levels represented by the cohort, making it difficult to conclude that a cause and effect relationship existed at the exposure levels seen in this cohort. There was no evidence for any association between prenatal exposure and age at talking. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4Environmental Health Perspectives 09/1998; 106(9):559-64. DOI:10.2307/3434230 · 7.98 Impact Factor
Article: Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Methylmercury Exposure From Fish Consumption on NeurodevelopmentOutcomes at 66 Months of Age in the Seychelles Child Development Study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Context.— Human neurodevelopmental consequences of exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) from eating fish remain a question of public health concern.Objective.— To study the association between MeHg exposure and the developmental outcomes of children in the Republic of Seychelles at 66 months of age.Design.— A prospective longitudinal cohort study.Participants.— A total of 711 of 779 cohort mother-child pairs initially enrolled in the Seychelles Child Development Study in 1989.Setting.— The Republic of Seychelles, an archipelago in the Indian Ocean where 85% of the population consumes ocean fish daily.Main Outcome Measures.— Prenatal and postnatal MeHg exposure and 6 age-appropriate neurodevelopmental tests: the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, the Preschool Language Scale, the Woodcock-Johnson Applied Problems and Letter and Word Recognition Tests of Achievement, the Bender Gestalt test, and the Child Behavior Checklist.Results.— The mean maternal hair total mercury level was 6.8 ppm and the mean child hair total mercury level at age 66 months was 6.5 ppm. No adverse outcomes at 66 months were associated with either prenatal or postnatal MeHg exposure.Conclusion.— In the population studied, consumption of a diet high in ocean fish appears to pose no threat to developmental outcomes through 66 months of age.JAMA The Journal of the American Medical Association 08/1998; 280(8):701-707. DOI:10.1001/jama.280.8.701 · 35.29 Impact Factor
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University of Rochester
Rochester, New York, United States
- • Division of General Medicine
- • Department of Environmental Medicine
- • Department of Pediatrics
- • School of Medicine and Dentistry
- • Department of Neurology
National Institutes of Health
Maryland, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research (DESPR)


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Any quantity baby shower 'shirt' or 'bib' shaped paper napkins or decoration with whales. Under the sea theme.
Product Info
These baby shower napkins are absolutely adorable and sure to be a hit at your baby shower! Decorated with little blue whales - great for under the sea or nautical themed showers! Each one is cut by me into the shape of a baby's one-piece body suit or a baby bib with faux stitches all around.
Use as napkins of course, AND hang a few over a ribbon for an instant banner! See 3rd photo to get an idea of what my napkins look like as a banner. No need for pins or tape, they just hang over a ribbon. Last photo shows you the shape of the bib napkin and the baby shirt napkin.
Each napkin is about 6" long and 5" across, is nice and soft and opens up as in one of the pictures in the listing. They are in between the size of a luncheon napkin and a cocktail napkin.
Shipping is via Priority Mail to ensure the protection of your napkins and get them to you as soon as possible.
Non-smoker in a non-smoking home.
Actual emails from satisfied customers:
"The napkins couldn't have been more precious! I hung [some] along the edge of the table over ribbon and I it was the mom-to-be's favorite thing!"
"Too stinkin' cute!!"
"I ran to show the neighbors how cute they are!!"
"I couldn't even try to describe how cute these are,,, soooo pleased. Tk u:) "

subset: commoncrawl


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Avocado Cilantro Quick Hummus Recipe
Hummus is one of my favorite foods, and finding new ways to eat it always makes me happy! I've really been into avocados lately so I thought why not combine 2 of my favorite things and make an awesome Avocado Cilantro Quick Hummus Recipe? It's got a great flavor too it, really fresh and takes about 5 minuets to make! This week at my local store avocados were on sale for $1 each so I made a nice big batch of this Avocado Cilantro Hummus to share with my family! Even my 5 year old loves to grab some carrots and dig into this recipe!
Here is how to make this Avocado Cilantro Quick Hummus Recipe
- 1 can chickpeas (drained)
- 2 avocados
- 1/2 cup cilantro
- 1/4 cup olive oil
- 1 tsp Tahini
- Salt and Pepper
- First, open and drain your chickpeas and add them to a blender (or food processor)
- Next, pit and cut your avocados and add them in with your chickpeas
- Now add your chopped cilantro, olive oil, tahini, and salt and pepper to the blender.
- Blend until smooth
- Put in a container and chill in the fridge until ready to be served!
This Avocado Cilantro Quick Hummus Recipe is SO easy to make and is a great snack to fill up on without all the bad fats and sugars of other snacks! Hummus is a go-t0 snack around my house because you can use it in so many different ways! My 5 year old likes it best with carrots, I love it with pita chips, or even a replacement for mayo on a sandwich!
Do you have a favorite way to eat Hummus?
Looking for more great drips like this Avocado Cilantro Quick Hummus Recipe? Check these out:
Topic: Avocado Cilantro Quick Hummus Recipe


text:
Europe 1805 is set in the Napoleonic Era. It has improved graphics, models and offers a lot of gameplay features. From investing in towns, enterprises, houses, shares to building defensive structures, formations, combat abilities et cetera!
Jan 13th, 2014 1 person agrees 0 people don't
Great mod! I won't give it a 10 until further trying, but could deserve it due to the great amount of features that it has added to MB. Congratulations!
Oct 27th, 2013 0 people agree 0 people don't
The most fantastic mod in the game. Ive only dreamed of a game like this


text:
Originally Posted by rbultman
What if it is frozen after exposure? Does this simply slow the degradation of the latent image?
Don't know, sorry. I imagine it would, but freezing opened film is risky in terms of getting condensation on it.
on flickr
Analogue Photography and Film FAQ
Open-Source F/Stop Timer (on APUG)


text:
Respond to Review of CLOSED: Pousse-Pousse
by lcorso
Review: Found this place off Happy Cow and was suggested by a friend. I was visiting Paris with by boyfriend and I was so happy to found some great vegetarian places to eat. I loved this place! I enjoyed the area where this restaurant was located in. The owner and staff were extremely nice and welcoming. They spoke English as well. I loved the whole concept especially being a vegan and raw foodist this place was a great stop. I got a juice and their meal for the day which was a salad, guacamole, onion tart, and lentils. It was delicious! My boyfriend came with me and enjoyed it too! The juice was perfect. I would go back to this place. Yes the restaurant is small, but cozy like to me.
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This is such a great community and a wonderful place to live!!! It's just far enough away from the beach that you don't have to fight the tourist traffic and close enough that I can ride my bike or run less than a mile and be at the beach every weekend. I love running the boardwalk and this location allows me easy access, condo amenities, and friendly neighbors, without the cost or hassle of being on the strip. I totally recommend this community!
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Nikon D4s announced
Nikon today announces the D4S, a new 16.2 megapixel FX-format flagship camera built to keep professionals ahead of the game.Read more ›
Nikon today announces the D4S, a new 16.2 megapixel FX-format flagship camera built to keep professionals ahead of the game.Read more ›
Happy Birthday Apple.Read more ›
Whitby Pier, shot last August with a Nikon D90 and 18 -105mm lens, enhancements made using Nik Collection Colour Effects Pro 4Read more ›
A shot by photo-i reader Carol King. Carol was doing some gardening when her cat popped her head over the fence, with a swift action Carol captured this lovely photo. It pays to keep you camera handy at all times. […]Read more ›
Shot near Tower bridge with a Nikon J1 CS CameraRead more ›
29th November 2013, Marly Switzerland. Today ILFORD Imaging Switzerland GmbH announced that the company is again facing liquidity issues and is no longer able to honour its full financial obligations.Read more ›
Created to help uncover some of the best up and coming British filmmaking talent, the UK's biggest short film competition – Virgin Media Shorts – has revealed the winner of this year's competition.Read more ›
It was just a matter of time before camera manufacturers came back around to putting the emphasis back to taking photographsRead more ›
A deceptively simple shot of the moon and garden foliage by Carol King. You don't need high spec equipment to produce great looking photos, just a creative mind. Carol used a Canon S20 compact camera with on board flash […]Read more ›


text: Come to discover this house with an unquestionable charm. Located at 10 minutes from Ozoir La Ferrière and at 35 minutes from Paris St Lazare. This house includes a living-room of approximately 100 m², 1 equipped kitchen, 6 bedrooms. The living-room is overcome a large mezzanine which makes the turn of it. It lincludes a beautiful bathroom and two shower-rooms and a big terrace. The whole supplemented by an immense carpark under ground which can accommodate with 6 cars. An elevator serves the 3 levels.


text:
PODCAST: Nokia's new Windows phone, productivity rises
CEO for Microsoft Greater China region Simon Leung lectures during the unveiling press conference of the Windows Phone 7.5 on March 21, 2012 in Beijing, China. Microsoft and Nokia will be unveiling a new phone in the States today.
Today is a big day for the phonemaker Nokia. A chance to remain relevant -- or perhaps better said: regain relevance in the smartphone world -- when it unveils a new phone that uses Microsoft's operating system. The company will have about a week to make a splash with this phone before Apple's new iPhone comes out, but it may already be too late for Microsoft and Nokia to catch up.
The government said this morning that productivity rose last quarter by 2.2 percent. That's more than originally thought, and it means that businesses are doing more with less. Josh Brown of Fusion Analytics discusses the numbers.
FedEx has just downgraded its quarterly earnings forecast for the second time because of concerns about the global economy. UPS did the same thing earlier this summer. What does this mean for the broader economy?
Teachers in Chicago could go on strike next week if the school district and the teachers union can't agree on a new contract by Sunday night. It would be the first strike for a big-city school district since 2006, when Detroit teachers walked off the job for 16 days. For the last year, union leaders have tried to push Mayor Rahm Emanuel into focusing on other issues: smaller class sizes, more art and music programs and job security.
The International Monetary Fund is said to be close to a multi-billion dollar deal to aid Egypt, which is currently grappling with major budgetary problems. The Obama administration is also looking to contribute another billion.
And finally, two artists ruffled some feathers at the Venice Biennale this year when they decided to paint a number of pigeons with non-toxic spray paint. Julian Charrière and Julius von Bismarck have gotten a range of reactions from their artsy experiment.


text:
I dropped from the first place :(
Printable View
i dropped from 8th to 12th too. tell me, is there a chance for a blogspot paage to win? :D
Oes Tsetnoc blog homepage have finished 12th in Sulumits Retsambew. Finshed 2nd in Google.co.uk for the same term.
I have just won the Domaining SEO contest from domainvestors.tv using Nazbo domain .
Sulumits Competitor
We finished revising the SEO Contest Results page, let me know what you guys think..


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text: I'm trying to change out my bars..How can i tell what size clamp I have on my bike? I know it's not oversized 31.8--but what about 26 or 25.8? There's no size on the bar or the stem. I measured the bar around and came up with 8.5 cm around if that makes any sense. thanks


text:
Sleeper Candidate
Joe Biden's interest in the presidency comes back to haunt Democrats.
Trouble in Paradise
The Governator takes his first lumps.
The PETA Principle
Will the group's efforts to curb animal testing run afoul of Bay Area sensibilities?
Disaster by the Bay
Is the sorry state of San Francisco sports some kind of cosmic payback?
Meathead's Moment
Will Rob Reiner take on the Governator?
Hollywood's New Hillary
Will Geena Davis's new TV show about a woman president be good for Sen. Clinton's 2008 chances?
Where the Inmates Run the Asylum
San Francisco's Board of Supervisors shows what democracy is all about.
The State of the Arnold
Governor Schwarzenegger gives his State of the State address and puts Democrats on the defensive--again.
The GOP's BCS Conspiracy
The University of Texas moves past Cal-Berkeley in the BCS--that wouldn't have anything to do with politics, would it?
Arnold's Paper Anniversary
A year ago, the Governator was sworn in. Since then, California has returned to the state of wacky weirdness that the rest of America has come to expect from it.
Propositioning California
The presidential race in the Golden State is boring--but a slew of ballot initiatives have made November 2 interesting in Califorinia.
Ducks, Ferrets, and Arnold--Oh My!
As if things weren't strange enough--it's bill signing season in the Golden State.
The Fall Classic
Red Sox-Yankees and Bush-Kerry are more closely related than you think.
Colorado Dreamin'
How Colorado voters could mess things up for either Bush or Kerry. (And make things good for Californians at the same time.)
He's Going to Pump--Them Up
Arnold Schwarzenegger takes on the California legislature: Is he just trying to pass a budget, or does he have his sights set on a bigger goal?
From JFK to JFK
What John F. Kerry can learn from John F. Kennedy's 1960 Democratic convention acceptance speech.
A Story with Legs
Jeri Ryan's divorce papers are the summer's political blockbuster. Is there any way out for Jack Ryan, or is resistance futile?
Arnold the Strong
Governor Schwarzenegger forces his way through California's fiscal mess--and there's nothing anyone can do to stop him.
Strange Tales
Herein lie stories of coincidence and chance: What do the Final Four, the Rule of 14, and middle names have to do with the 2004 presidential elections?
The Fight in California
Edwards? Kerry? Whatever. The real action in the Golden State is Arnold and three important ballot initiatives.
The Weekly Standard Archives
Browse 19 Years of the Weekly Standard


text:
Instant (23)
Creature (10)
Enchantment (3)
It was a dark and stormy night... On the plane of Innistrad, a young, naive delver was close to finishing an experiment on planar gates. He had read about the quiet, idyllic plane of Lorwyn and decided it would be perfect for his first try. The man grinned. What the teachers would think of him when he proudly showed them his acheivment! No one would ever doubt him again. He began the chant of opening. A blue pool of light appeared in the middle of the room, rapidly growing in size in strength. The delver's arms shook with the effort, and he unknowingly switched two words in the chant. The gate opened, and an image began to appear. Giddy with excitement, the Delver leaned closer. The sight that greeted him was not the flowing plains of Lorwyn as he expected, but a ravaged landscape that seemed to be made entirely of metal. What the delver didn't know was that he had opened a gate to the tainted land of New Phyrexia, and already corrupted beasts were flocking to the gate. The delver gasped as five hulking creatures stepped into his lab. The five praetors of Phyrexia. They surrounded him and called him ''the herald of perfection'' as a strange oil seeped into his skin. The delver was gone, a thoughtless husk carrying an insidious enemy. It walked out of the lab into the city streets, unimaginable horrors in tow. The invasion of Innistrad had begun.
made this standard today. opinions appreciated
fadelightningmm says... #1
i like the story behind the deck that is very creative the deck looks pretty solid too
June 25, 2012 7:20 p.m.
spectre501st says... #2
Haha thanks. As I was building the deck yesterday this story kept running through my head so I had to put it in. I want to try this with some other decks to make them more interesting
June 25, 2012 7:23 p.m.
fadelightningmm says... #3
that would be pretty sick not gonna lie i miss the old magic books the oddesy and onslaught blocks had amazing back stories to them
June 25, 2012 10:36 p.m.
cybersaint2k says... #4
Love cheap effective decks.
It might work to swap out Swiftfoot with card:Runechanter's Pike.
On your draw, my calculation is that you have a below 10% chance to have 4 creatures.
If you have no creatures in your draw (15% chance of that, I think) then you have problems.
I think you need Ponder and other draw cards like it. With so few creatures, you have to draw to find what you need.
And most of your instants and all enchantments depend on having a creature on the field to play them on. That's a problem with this deck.
I created a deck like this with 8-12 creatures and that was the main problem for me.
Good luck. And good story.
July 5, 2012 9:21 a.m.
Inces_Velus says... #5
I would think about removing the red...really is not needed, and reaplace red with green for some major ramp and infect buff style (toss in Glistener Elf , mutagenic growths, things like that, and remove the red, as the use of the red is burn in your case, infect needs a solid attack style....not burn :/ also infect should have won by turn 3-4, so I would add more low drop cards
July 12, 2012 11:04 a.m.
Very good infect deck! I suggest you to use also Distortion Strike !
I've two infect deck, one mono green very fast INFECT / super fast winner (you can win on second turn) and one blue-green deck:infect-fast-blue-and-greenLook at other useful cards in these sideboard, do you like them?
October 3, 2012 11:46 a.m.
Please login to comment
|Date added
|3 years
|Last updated
|3 years
This deck is not Modern legal.Show illegal cards in boards
|Illegal cards
|Razor Swine , Incinerate , Blighted Agent , Phyresis , Tainted Strike , Mana Leak , Geth's Verdict , Swiftfoot Boots , Volt Charge , Mutagenic Growth
|Avg. CMC


text:
Redmond seems to have more grandiose ideas for Connected Car than it's let on before, judging from a recent help wanted ad on its site. Reading more like PR for its car-based plans, the job notice waxes poetically about using "the full power of the Microsoft ecosystem" in an upcoming auto platform with tech such as Kinect, Azure, Windows 8 and Windows Phone. Those products would use face-tracking, speech and gestures to learn your driving habits and safely guide or entertain you on the road, according to the software engineer listing. It also hints that everything would be tied together using Azure's cloud platform, so that your favorite music or shortcuts would follow you around, even if you're not piloting your own rig. All that makes its original Connected Car plans from 2009 seem a bit laughable -- check the original video for yourself after the break.
- Key specs
- Prices
- Discussions
- Type Other
- Connection Wired
- Console compatibility Microsoft
- Released 2013-11-22
Microsoft Windows 8
Microsoft Windows Phone 8.1
Microsoft Windows Phone 8


text:
5 Things You Should Know About Comet ISON - The Countdown #36
- Uploaded by sundoom on Nov 28, 2013
- Views: 1703
Comet ISON will be making its closest pass to the Sun tomorrow (Nov. 28). It's unclear what will happen next: ISON could be torn apart by the Sun's gravity. Or, it could escape with nothing more than a sunburn and begin the return journey to its birthplace in the Oort Cloud. Find out all the essential facts about ISON in our latest episode of The Countdown. ---------------More to explore:Fire vs. ISON: Watch the Epic Battle Live (NASA Google+ Hangout) Watch App by First Light ISON Observing from the Oort Cloud Careens toward the Sun (Scientific American) Cool Facts about Comet ISON (Slate), future astronauts: more of The Countdown: Scientific American's website for more space news and information: Credits:Host/writer: Sophie BushwickStory Advisors: Clara Moskowitz & Michael MoyerEditor: Joss Fong Producer: Eric R. Olson


text:
The Origins of the
Liverpool School of Architecture
and Applied Art:
University College Liverpool and
National Design Culture
THE City of Liverpool School of Architecture and Applied Art was inaugurated in 1895. It has been briefly described by several authors in the past, 1 all of whom acknowledge that the School was an innovative episode in the history of architectural education, in part because of its alliance with the ideas of the Arts and Crafts movement. Its place in the history of architectural education is more easily established than trying to define the Arts and Crafts milieu in which it operated. It was not the first architectural course to be organised in Britain, although it was the first extra-metropolitan one. Nor was it the first full-time course – that had been established by Kings College London three years previously. What made the course unique was a combination of elements; its relative newness, its response to specific cultural circumstances, its funding in part by the municipal authorities, and its adoption of an integrated teaching programme that was briefly to become a teaching norm, principally under the direction of William Lethaby, firstly at the Central College of Arts and Crafts in London and then at the Royal College of Art.
The first architectural instruction in England was to be found at the Royal Academy Schools that were inaugurated in 1768. The value of such instruction was historically undistinguished until the Professorship of Architecture was awarded to Sir John Soane who held it from 1806–37. His commitment to his teaching at the Academy was the reason he felt unable to accept the Presidency of the newly founded RIBA in


text:
Tight End
Height: 6-foot-3
Weight: 233 pounds
Class Year: RS SR
Hometown: Katy, TX
High School: Seven Lakes HS
No Videos Available.
The Latest: UK tight ends will have expanded role in new offense — 8/15/2013
Anthony Kendrick and Kentucky's tight ends will have a chance to show their versatility in the Wildcats' new offense.[details]
Anthony Kendrick College Videos
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No Bio Available.
Anthony Kendrick Audibles
No Audibles Available.
Headlines from Rivals.com Network
UK tight ends will have expanded role in new offense — 8/15/2013, from CatsIllustrated.com
Highly-touted 2009 class struggled with attrition — 6/18/2013, from CatsIllustrated.com
Four tight ends competing for playing time — 4/1/2013, from CatsIllustrated.com
New start for players, coaches in spring practice — 3/18/2013, from CatsIllustrated.com
Senior quarterback takes on H-back role — 9/11/2012, from CatsIllustrated.com
Armstrong leaves for other opportunities — 8/24/2012, from CatsIllustrated.com
Coordinator talks freshmen, rebuilding from 2011 — 7/24/2012, from CatsIllustrated.com
Defections, disappointment in 2009 signing class — 7/3/2012, from CatsIllustrated.com
Robinson, Sanders lead starters to win over backups — 4/21/2012, from CatsIllustrated.com
Tyler Robinson on the field, but still not on the map — 12/28/2011, from CatsIllustrated.com
Big Blue Review: Defense fights hard in loss to Dawgs — 11/19/2011, from CatsIllustrated.com
Anthony Kendrick Scouting Report
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text:
Patty, I am so sorry to learn of Tom's passing and the loss of your husband and closest friend. My thoughts and prayers are with you and your family. Please take comfort in knowing that Tom is in the arms of his Savior, Jesus Christ. He was a great man in many ways and it was always a positive and upbeat time whenever I would meet him. I and many others will miss him.
I just returned from visiting my daughter in Australia and I am sorry that I missed his services.
With great respect,
Jeff Scott
Dear Patty,
So sorry to hear of your loss. My thoughts and prayers are with you and your family.
God Bless,
Dear Patty and Girls,
I remember the first time I met your husband/Dad;it was at Brooke Point High School. He had come to career days to share his work with others. One of the girls was with him. At that time I knew what a generous and caring person he was. Always ready to help the community in his work. He was fortune too have such a loving and dedicated family. I know how much you will miss him.
My love and thoughts are with you all today.
Cynthia Allen
Stafford Co. Head Start
I served on the Board of Directors when Tom was the President of both the Fbg Chamber of Commerce and Fbg Rotary Club. Tom guided both groups with an abundance of intelligence and wit. He gave greatly to the Fbg community and will be missed tremendously.
Dear Patty and family
We have stayed in touch through our friends from Roosevelt Roads and Jacksonville days, many years ago. We hope that sharing your sadness with your many friends will help you all. When we remember Tom, we think of his love for you and his wonderful sense of humor.
Our prayers are with you all. Cheryl and Bill Roop
Dear Patty,
You, Tom and your family have been a part of our family since those crazy days at USNA more than 45 years ago. So shall it ever be. We are there with you today in spirit if not in body and wish Tom "fair winds and following seas". We wish you peace and love will see you soon and look forward to many years ahead together.
Ed and Carol
Tom will be greatly missed. My thoughts and prayers to the family
Dear Patty- Both Judy and I are so very sorry to hear of Toms passing. Our thoughts are with you and your family. Please let us know if we can do anything to help you during this time. Most Sincerely, Judy and George Sperry
We are so sorry to hear about Tom"s passing. Karen sent an email to me down here in Orlando. I wish I could be up there for his funeral. Please know that thoughts and prayers are being sent your way. I love you!
Dear Patty, Becky and Knox,
We were blessed to meet you before our move to Fredericksburg from Richmond 27 years ago. You even helped us find our family home.
You have been wonderful friends through the years.
Our love, thoughts and prayers have been with you as your family has gone through this very difficult time.
Tom was a true "Southern Gentleman". Your family, our community and the Commonwealth have suffered a great loss.
Love, Betty
(Bryan and Gina Lewis)
Ann Craig called me this evening to tell me of Tom's passing. I am so very sorry Love you
Mary Lou
Virginia has lost a genuine gentleman and a great veteran. I recall sitting next to him when George Allen was being sworn in as Governor many years ago and shared with him his commitment to advancing a better Virginia by supporting individuals of great character. We have lost such a man and Tom's example will not be soon forgotten. I was honored to have known him. All my respect and prayers to your family. I would be honored to help you or your family in any way should you need it.
Patty, you & the girls have been in our thoughts & prayers so much the past couple of years. We both have such fond memories of Tom & will always remember him as an exceptionally good & kind man.
Dear Patty and family:
My main memories of Tom are how smart he was, yet so unpretentious. When he was with Walt back in Walt's City Attorney days, I got to see a lot of him. A fine and honest man with a heck of a sense of humor. He left us too soon.
George M. Van Sant
Now in the Northern Neck
Tom had such a great sense of humor. He could play a good joke and take one too. I will never forget the wonderful trips to Skyline, the CRAZY parties, the New Year's Eve celebrations, the Army-Navy battles, and the exchange of yard decorations. Tom was a great business partner, community leader, friend, and family man. During the last two years we have all marveled at his strength, courage and spirit. He set an example for all who knew him and he will be greatly missed.
Patty and Family,
Please know that you all are in our heartfelt thoughts and prayers during these difficult days and in the days to come. Please let us know if there is anything that we can do. God bless.
Dear Patty and Family:
My sincere condolences on Tom's passing. I had the utmost respect for Tom, not only as an attorney but also as a person, and I truly enjoyed working with him on various occasions. If there is a golf course in heaven I'll bet he's on the first tee now.
To Tom's family,
I am so sorry for your loss. I send my most sincere sympathy to all of you. Tom and I could talk with good humor about our political differences. I appreciated him and consider him a good friend.
Dear Patty and family I am so truly sorry for your loss. My family and I extend our deepest Sympathies to you all. Love,
Lynn (LaReine High School 1969)
Please accept my sincere condolences. I first met Tom in the 80's when he hired me into his law office when I first started out in the legal support field. He was a good friend. I know he impacted alot of people and will be very missed.
Joan and Dwight Peck express our sincere condolences to Patty and all of Tom's family on his passing.
We met Tom through business and public activities. While those experiences revealed what an outstanding community leader he was, more importantly it revealed what a tremendous individual and family leader he was.
Tom will be missed by all who knew him, and the Fredericksburg area will miss him greatly at a time when we need people like him more than ever.
Tom's life is truly an example we all should follow.
We offer you our warmest wishes and deep sympathy. Tom and the family experienced an incredible ordeal. We hope that your recovery will be swift and complete.
Torn was a great home saver and business advisor to me on two events that help me save my business and very helpful with the IDA that I served on for 18 years. God bless you and may He hold you and your family even closer during this most difficult time. Always put God first and ALL things will follow.
Tom was always the voice of reasoning in my life for the last 17 years. His humor,mentoring and friendship will be missed, but will stay with me for a lifetime.
Love, Dawn
My sincere condolences to the family. Tom will be missed by the Fredericksburg community.


text:
The Smoky Mountain Center for the Performing Arts will welcome two powerhouse performers, Guy Penrod and Lynda Randle, on Saturday, Nov. 19,at 7:30 p.m. Tickets are $20 each.
Guy Penrod was a centerpiece and lead singer for Bill Gaither's "Vocal Band" for 14 years and has recently recorded his first solo country album, "Breathe Deep." This new collection of songs explores his strong values and deep roots in faith and family. It's positive country music with Christian undertones.


text:
Here's a list of all Hasbro's current vacancies in the UK. To find out more about each position, just click on the job title's belowTo apply for any of these positions or alternatively if you would like to submit your CV speculatively, then please send your CV to firstname.lastname@example.com. We will hold all CV's on file for a period of 12 months and should a vacancy become available we will contact you accordingly.
No agency calls please.
Job Listings


text:
Paul Ryan, Mitt Romney's running mate, greeted donors at a Tampa Bay area fundraiser today with an admonition about the course the Obama administration is following, advising supporters that there is still time to "dodge the European bullet." The party's...Read more »
Ryan: Dodging `The European Bullet'
The Retelling of the Bin Laden Raid
As she introduced President Barack Obama in New Hampshire today, Senator Jeanne Shaheen, a Democrat, suggested that Obama led the mission to kill Osama bin Laden. That's a bit further than the president, who is careful in his phrasing, usually...Read more »
Romney: $7 Million in Two Days — Returns of Island-Hopping
The leaves are still a lush green around the Farm Neck Golf Course on Martha's Vineyard, links that President Barack Obama enjoys when he's on the island and the location of two back-to-back fundraising events today for Republican Mitt Romney....Read more »
Obama Overpays for Produce: N.H.
Presidents and other politicians always flirt with disaster when they drop into a local eatery or roadside fruit stand. Chief among the potential perils: how to pay for their loot. Yes, they sample the wares and ask about specialties, but...Read more »
Ryan Takes Medicare Fight to Florida — Obama Welcomes the Debate
Reported from The Villages, Florida, with Hans Nichols reporting from New Hampshire, John McCormick from Martha's Vineyard Republican vice presidential candidate Paul Ryan defended his plan to overhaul Medicare today in Florida, the state with the highest percentage of senior...Read more »


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How can I afford to stay home with my baby?
I want to be a stay-at-home mom more than anything in the world. Even though I know I have to work for financial reasons, I can't help wishing my life were different, being depressed, crying all the time, being jealous of my friends who stay home, and fighting with my husband every day about not wanting to leave our 8-month-old. This is ruining our marriage, but I don't know how to just accept it. Please help!
Posted: 09/23/2003 by a BabyCenter Member
Mom Answers
Sort by: best answers | most recent answers
231 - 240 of 505 answers
Well I'm not a sahm. But Gina didn't glorify herself. It was more like defending that not all sahms live in crappy neighborhoods. You could be a family with two incomes and live in crappy neighborhoods and have kids who hang out with the wrong friends. Thankfully my kids are involved with extracurricular activities and my preschooler thrives in his full-day preschool program. So I don't think it was glorifying herself but more like defending herself and other moms who don't fit that blanket statement made by anonymous.posted 04/21/2007 by mommy23and1ontheway
By the way, I apologize. I didn't mean for the last post to be "anonymous". I got distracted by a phone call. My name is Gina, and I am absolutely proud to be home with my children and equally as supportive of working moms, just so no one is offended. Again, I just think that whatever decision you plan on making, it should be discussed before having your children. =)posted 04/20/2007 by a BabyCenter Member
I know exactly what you're talking about - I have to leave my sweet baby in 19 days to go back to work. It is killing me....But there is light at the end of the tunnel! I have found a way to replace my income from home and trust me, I checked it out. My site is www.freedomathometeam.com/tracyhanna if you would like to see what it is about. My goal is to work at the office through the summer and then be home for good. Good luck to everyone.posted 03/28/2007 by Tracy Hanna
Honestly, I'm a stay-at-home mom, and if I can do it, anyone can. My husband and I have made huge sacrifices so that I can stay home with our baby... we went down to one car, we moved to an area that has a lower cost of living, we have even dipped into our savings to make ends meet. If it is important enough to you, you can find a way to stay home. Believe me, it's been worth it to be able to spend this time with my baby.posted 01/24/2007 by a BabyCenter Member
Hi I am in the same situation. I have to go back to work in 2 months. Then my baby will be only 3 months. I have no clue about what to do. I can't find any work that I can do from home..can anyone provide me with names of companies that I can contact?posted 11/16/2006 by nothappy1
we are expecting our first baby in february. i just was able to get a job at a theature, and i only have like 3 months until she comes. i wanted to be an at-home mom, but i dont know if we can handle it. we just purchased our first house, and we are having a baby. i want to stay at home really bad, but we havent gotten into the bill groove yet. what should i do?? please help me!!posted 11/06/2006 by cassaundra07
I am a stay at home mom of two and I have just found a great at home job. I have been searching forever! I work with a company called Melaleuca, they are a wellness company that makes non-toxic products for your home. I joined up with a team called stayin home and lovin it and I have been staying at home working for a month. Melaleuca is great to work for and I have switch my house over to their products because I loved them so much. Before starting this business I started to educate myself on the toxins that were in some of the products I was using. From my cleaners to my make-up and even the kids shampoo, I couldn't beleive what was in them. It only made sense to me to switch! If this is something you are interested in let me know! http://www.annie-stayinhomeandlovinit.com/posted 10/30/2006 by MaineMomAnnie
Try going to garage sales and consignment stores to find good quality used items, and create an Ebay store. Sell clothing, books, CD's, etc... Look around your house and find all those things you just don't use anymore and place them on Ebay. I know many stay at home Mom's who do this. I am also a SAHM of an 8 month old, and we are facing the same problem. So I have been sewing and crafting and selling online. Good luck! You can do it!posted 09/18/2006 by a BabyCenter Member
I have an 8 month old baby, and it breaks my heart ever time I think about returning to work. I have found that there are a few ways to help my husband financially by doing Mary Kay cosmetic parties on weekends, I don't have a limit as to how much money I can make and my husband is supportive, so maybe that's something to think about, let me know if I can help. firstname.lastname@example.com 07/26/2006 by RRamirez1217
My little bundle of joy is 4 months. Like most mommies, I was torn between going out to work and staying at home with her. So, to keep the bills paid, I decided to go out to work. Then something happened and it broke my heart. When I picked my baby up from the nanny, she acted like she wanted to stay and didn't want to come with me. I definitely cried. That's when I knew I just HAD to find something that worked-and I did! This job that I'm doing offers next day pay, no cold calling, no selling, no upline, no MLM, and no gimmicks...I only have to return phone calls. I haven't been doing it for too long, but from what I can see, it will only get better!posted 07/13/2006 by taylorsmommy329
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text: Do a little research on the history of Jurassic Park games and you will come to find the same thing that I did in preparation for this article: it's a spotty lineage at best. On top of that, their franchise hasn't stuck its head into the gaming world in quite some time (minus the at best forgettable game of 2011 from Telltale. In light of this weekend's release of Jurassic Park 3D, what's a better time than now to mention that, somehow, a game in which you are running in constant terror from genetically engineered dinosaurs hasn't made its way into the digital world of video games?


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DEEDS PROVE DISRAELI LINK; Campaigners' Delight after Cottage Discovery
Byline: Mike Malyon
THE discovery of a 124-yearold document has proved the connection between a former British Prime Minister and a building in Nuneaton threatened with demolition. Famous Victorian statesman Benjamin Disraeli put his signature and seal to an indenture on May 5, 1876 for the purchase of what is now 59 Old Hinckley Road.
He agreed to pay the Church of England pounds 141 10s 4d - equivalent to around pounds 90,000 in today's money - to buy the land, along with Henry Thomas Saunders, described as a railway clerk from London.
The framed, hand-written deeds have now been found in an office at the Bedworthbased charity People in Action charity, who are partowners of the property, along with Warwickshire Primary Care Trust.
As the Telegraph revealed last week, an application has been made to the borough council to knock down the detached stone house which stands on the site, and replace it with a block of flats for people with mental and physical disabilities.
But heritage campaigners are firmly against the proposal and local resident Alan Morris said: "I have spent the last 15 years trying to establish the link between this cottage and Disraeli. I am astonished and delighted that the proof has finally come to light. Now efforts must be made to preserve what is a real, undisputed piece of history."
Disraeli, who was Conservative Prime Minister on two occasions, in 1868 and 1874, bought the Nuneaton plot off the Ecclestiastical Commissioners through their representative, the Reverend Henry Walford Bellairs. He was the town vicar in the late 19th century and, astonishingly, also acted in the sale of a neighbouring piece of land to another former Prime Minister.
In 1883 - seven years after Disraeli's deal - his fiercest political rival, William Ewart Gladstone, also took possession of some real estate in Nuneaton, paying the Church less than pounds 300 for a triangular plot adjacent to Hinckley Road. …


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2000 Volkswagen Golf • 90,000 miles
Whirring noise fan belts ok gearbox and clutch ok bearings ok. I am now investigating a buckled alloy.
October 27, 2011.
October 27, 2011.
Check your alternator, disconnect the belt and if the noise goes away it's in the belt drive system or alternator
Oct 27, 2011.
Oct 27, 2011.
How do i properly remove the alternator? Step by step please, I'm kind of slow.
1 answer • 2000 Jeep Wrangler • 137,000 miles
Do you have a walkthrough for replacing an alternator on a 97' Dodge Caravan with a 2.4L frontwheel drive engine? If you can help me Please include all the tools necessary for doing ...
1 answer • 1997 Dodge Caravan


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This member has provided no bio about themself...
Mod Review on Jul 22nd, 2011 - 8 people agree 1 person doesn't
What's better than being able to build up armies, conquer enemies, and take part in controlling a kingdom? Nothing except being able to do all those things with real countries from a specific era! Europe 1200 is a great mod that will "take you back" and keep you playing for hours. What's better than playing on the same side that you ancestors were once on? With all the new content and shear expansiveness of the map, what could be a better way to waste time? The mod delivers exactly what it says it does.
Mod Review on Sep 27th, 2010 - 7 people agree 1 person doesn't
One of the best mods for CNC 3! Just like most modders for CNC games, they aim to bring back things that Westwood put into the games. And so far, they are doing an amazing job. Keep up the good work!
Mod Review on Aug 28th, 2010 - 1 person agrees 1 person doesn't
You can tell this mod is going to be amazing even after only playing behind one faction. It has the potential to become the best CNC Generals Zero Hour mod to date!
Mod Review on Jul 4th, 2010 - 21 people agree 4 people don't
One of the best mods for RA3. No joke! With so many factions to come, and the new things like the "Take and Hold Objectives", this will easily rise above all others to become the single best mod for Red Alert 3. Extraordinary work by Infinity Realms!
Mod Review on Feb 7th, 2010 - 6 people agree 3 people don't
This mod could easily be a game released by LucasArts. They done great mapping and modeling work, plus they bring Star Wars weapons into the "tactical age". This mod is the successor to Battlefront 2 and all Star Wars fps'!(even though that probably wasn't the intention :D)
Mod Review on Jan 24th, 2010 - 14 people agree 5 people don't
This mod has been dominating for a while. And with recent releases (upcoming ones too) this mod has definitely earned its place at the top! If you have ever played Zero Hour and wanted more, this is the mod that will satisfy that need! Great Job Shockwave team!


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Rosalie Dardar
Published: Tuesday, April 13, 2010 at 9:14 a.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, April 13, 2010 at 9:15 a.m.
Rosalie Celina Billiot Dardar, 81, a native of Pointe-aux-Chenes and resident of Houma, died at 4:45 p.m. Sunday, April 11, 2010.
Visitation will be from 5 to 9 p.m. today at Chauvin Funeral Home and from 9 a.m. to funeral time Wednesday at Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary Catholic Church. Service will be 11 a.m. Wednesday at the church, with burial in the church cemetery.
She is survived by her husband of 65 years, Antoine Joseph Dardar of Houma; six sons, Willis Dardar Sr. of Houma, Joseph and wife, Francis Dardar of Houma, Jerry and wife, Gail Dardar of Houma, Perry and wife, Lena Dardar Sr. of Houma, Michael and wife, Jamie Dardar Sr. of Houma, Tommy and wife, Penny Dardar of Houma; four daughters, Brenda and husband, Earl Billiot, of Montegut, Theresa and husband, Donald Dardar, of Montegut, Terry and husband, Ronald LeBlanc, of Houma; 31 grandchildren; 51 great-grandchildren; seven great-great-grandchildren; and one sister, Clodilia Billiot Chaisson.
She was preceded in death by her parents, Felix Billiot and Liza Heads Billiot; one grandchild, Sherry Diggs; two sisters, Victoria Brown and Ijaune' Billiot; and four brothers, Wilson Billiot, Eugene Billiot, Paul Billiot and John Billiot.
She was a homemaker and a parishioner of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary Catholic Church. She was a member of the Isle de Jean Charles Band of Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Tribe.
Chauvin Funeral Home is in charge of arrangements.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Overall: 5.0 / 5 based on 8 reviews
8 of 8 reviewers would recommend this product to a friend.
Great Vise for the price -
By: Upthecreek
Although this vise was listed as a beginner's vise, it is way better than the vise I was using. It is well made and the rotating head really comes in handy. I would recommend this vise to anyone looking for a great, well made vise.
By: cristo
Excellent quality, and buy for the price! Get one, you won't be disappointed. I use it as my traveling vice to teach two volunteer classes to kids at lunch hour. Another winner, thank you Orvis! chris
My husband loves it! -
By: Alli1277 from Silver Spring, MD
I got this for my husband for Christmas and he absolutely loves it. Great quality and I received it very quickly.
Renzetti apprentice -
By: streamsidebum from Minnesota
I've been a fly tier and trout bum for 50 years. Much banter over what is "best" falls on deaf ears for me. I know what I want, need , and like. The Renzetti Apprentice vise has all the features I require to tie everything from Tricos to spinning deer hair mice. This is a good value and solid construction for anyone IMO.
Excellent Renzetti Vise -
By: FarandFine from Alexandria, VA
Top 10 Contributor
I purchased the Renzetti Apprentice vice as an upgrade from my kit vise, as my skills have improved. I will probably never need another vise. The Apprentice is an excellent, USA-made product that holds hooks well, is stable and allows rotation.
Superb Vice -
By: Bishthefish1 from North Yorkshire
Top 250 Contributor
Excellent piece of equipment: incredibly well engineered; clamps hooks without effort; rotation is nice and smooth; makes my fly-tying even more of a pleasure.
Renzetti Apprentice Vise -
By: FireFly2
Top 25 Contributor
I started fly tying in 1988 with an Orvis Fly Tying Kit. The vise in that kit was a Thompson A vise. It did very well until a couple of years ago when the vise wore out. I bought a Renzetti Rotary vise. The rotary was a great vise, but it did not suit me well. While at my local Orvis Retail Store a couple of weeks ago saw this new Renzetti Apprentice Vise. The setup looked just like the Thompson vise, plus being able to rotate the fly while in the vise. Tried out this neat little vise. It felt so much better tying not having "to reach over" the vise to tie a fly. Really great vise for the price. Holds hooks very good.
Great vise for a resonable sum. -
By: Flyfly
I bought this a couple of months ago as my old Griffin vise finally had kicked the infamous bucket. As I am on a pretty tight budget I did'nt wanna put some very serious money on a new vise. After some reading on the net and asking around on some fly fishing forums. I realized that the Renzetti Apprentice probably would be my cup of tea. As one guy at one such forum wisely said: "It's better to buy a good brand vise of their simpler budget line than some half baked brand vise with lots of eye candy and extra stuff. This as the quality of the good brand will be just as good over the whole line." After tying quite many flies on the Apprentice I can only agree to that statement. This is indeed a very nice vice! There's absolutely nothing to complaint about. On the contrary. I would heartly recommend it to anyone on a budget looking for a best bang for buck vice. The jaws of this vice holds # 2 streamer hooks as well as # 20 dry fly and nymph hooks no problem rock steady. And the whole feeling of working with this vise is the feeling of quality. I belive this will be a vise that will be still going strong after 10 - 15 years of serious fly tying. Thanks Renzetti!


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Blade of the Immortal
Watch Blade of the Immortal in High Quality Online. Stream Blade of the Immortal Episodes.
Total of Episodes: 13
Genres: Action, Assassins, Revenge, Samurai, Superpowers, Sword fighting,
Plot Summary: Manji is a crass, violent samurai with a special ability: he cannot die. Cursed with immortality by the nun Yobikuni as punishment for his ruthless deeds, he has grown weary of his ageless life. The only way to lift the curse is to slay 1,000 evil men. So Manji wanders Japan, shedding the blood of the wicked on his quest to finally die.
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Watch Blade of the Immortal Episodes