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On file: Dec. 28, 2011-Jan. 6, 2012
The following people applied for marriage licenses in Kanawha County between Dec. 28 and Jan. 6:
Eric Mitchell Dorsey-Beck, 30, and Jennifer Lynn Fisher, 38, both of Charleston.
Nicholas Aaron Arthur, 30, and Samantha Jo Simms, 25, both of Charleston.
Leslie Mack Rutherford, 31, and Daphne Collyn Hapney, 44, both of Nitro.
Thomas Raymond Neal Jr., 40, and Freda Faye Haughey, 37, both of Nitro.
Timothy Ryan McGrady, 25, and Krista Noel McCormick, 26, both of Sissonville.
Daniel Lee Rock, 20, and Jennifer Nicole Thompson, 20, both of Charleston.
Wilson Matthew Reynolds, 24, of Elkview and Victoria Lauren Hager, 20, of St. Albans.
John William Asbury, 48, of Charleston, and Bonnie Leigh Easterling, 43, of Lebanon, Va.
Jonathan Franklin Burdette, 23, and Patricia Dawn Elswick, 31, both of Charleston.
Russell Eugene Cooper Jr., 36, and Traci Dawn Luikart, 31, both of Belle.
Michael Dennis Davenport, 47, and Tammy Gail Reavis, 52, both of Charleston.
Malcolm James Napier, 32, of Las Vegas, Nev., and Cara Joelle Knabenshue, 29, of Charleston.
Jacob Ryan Pullens, 22, of Pratt, and Courtney Ann Stevens 19, of St. Albans.
Eric Michael Fitzwater, 20, of Winifrede, and Madison Rae Peyton, 19, of Charleston.
Kenneth Dale Hamm II, 26, of St. Albans, and Marisha Gayle Fletcher, 29, of Fort Gay.
Charles Rowe Jr., 23, and Heather Danielle Wheeler, 23, both of South Charleston.
Timothy Paul Burdette, 25, and Carissa Lynn Slater, 27, both of Charleston.
Michael Scott Bryant, 35, and Tiffany Renee White, 31, both of St. Albans.
Nicholas Ryan Halley, 18, and Shannon Nicole Chaty, 18, both of Charleston.
Ivan Eugene Ellis Jr., 46, of Dunnellon, Fla., and Sharon Jewell Justice, 53, of South Charleston.
Keith Dale Keiffer Jr., 24, of Belle, and Shanicka Nichole Buckland, 31, of Charleston.
Derek Michael Boggs, 22, and Tiffany Shyan Jordan, 22, both of Clendenin.
Dustin Michael Hanning, 23, and Amanda Joan Smith, 19, both of South Clendenin.
Richard Eugene Veres, 55, of St. Albans, and Jacqueline Lynn Young, 42, of Charleston.
Phil Gordon Pauley, 71, and Phyllis Marah Dunlap, 71, both of Charleston.
Johnny Emerson Jenkins, 56, of Phoenix, Ariz., and Charlene Kay Brown, 54, of Dunbar.
Mychal Andrew Spurlock, 24, and Cassandra Nicole Vaughan, 21, both of St. Albans.
Jeremy Lynne Beane, 34, and Kerra Dawn Jackson, 27, both of St. Albans.
John Howard Frye Jr., 51, and Leona Christine Rudisill<co >, 42, both of Charleston.
Shannon Troy Murray, 39, and Matilda Ann Rhodes, 29, both of Elkview.
Jeffery David Green, 43, of Winifrede, and Sherry Lynn King-Bess, 42, of Hernshaw.
The following marriage application was recorded in Putnam County between Dec. 23, 2011, and Jan. 6, 2012:
Robert Ray Reel, 51, and Sandra Renee Viars, 45, both of Hometown.
The following people filed for divorce in Kanawha County between Dec. 28, 2011, and Jan. 6, 2012:
Okey James Johnson from Gloria Gale Johnson.
Heather Short from Lucas Short.
Ashley L. Lloyd from Thomas R. Lloyd.
Marsha Casto from Billy Casto.
Carmen Sizemore from John E. Sizemore.
Rachel Parsons from Eugene Likens.
Amy Cummings from James Cummings.
Christina Moles from Jason Moles.
Anna Marie Groves from Joseph Lee Groves.
Alannah Keats from Shamus Keats.
Kimberly Jarvis from Jason Jarvis.
Natasha M. Martin from Carl S. Martin.
Laura Freeman from David Freeman.
Delores M. Newman from Donnie R. Newman.
Steven D. Haugh from Anna M. Haugh.
Robert Short from Melissa Short.
Lora Upton from Michael Upton.
Erica R. Morrison from Michael M. Morrison.
Tera Dawn Milam from Donald Ray Milam.
Katrina France Lowe from Michael L. Lowe
Curtis Shamblin from Tammy Shamblin.
The following people filed for divorce in Putnam County between Dec. 23, 2011, and Jan. 6, 2012:
Brittany Nance from Jory Nance.
Richard Price from Robin Price.
Tawney Bostic Hill from Timothy Paul Hill.
Tamra Lancaster from Donny Max Lancaster.
Dayton E. Knapp II from Kelly Knapp.
Christine Durrenberger from Stephen David Durrenberger.
Christina N. Shaffer from Timothy L. Shaffer.
Brian T. Hoffman from Nancy G. Hoffman.
Joseph M. Reynolds from Kaylan Gayle Reynolds.
Jo Lynn Hardin from Charles A. Hardin III.
Anthony M. Moubray from Margaret C. Moubray.
Sheyne Smith from Tiffany Smith.
Justin S. Hylton from Lindsey Jo Hylton.
Jessica Roberts from Allen Roberts.
Property transfers
The following property transfers of $50,000 or more were recorded in Kanawha County between Dec. 28, 2011, and Jan. 6, 2012:
Dennis D. Meadows and Daniel L. Meadows to One Twenty Capitol Group LLC. Lot, Charleston District, $495,000.
Rodney P. Pruden to Roy D. Hawley. Lot, Dunbar District, $89,500.
Donald Kenneth James to John R. Jones. Lot, Jefferson District, $115,000.
Mark E. and Sheila R. Burgess to Christopher Sergent. Lot, Elk District, $205,000.
Marjorie Babylon to Michelle Walls-Semyen. Parcels, Dunbar District, $52,000.
Dwight E. Jr. and Christine D. Fast to Erik M. and Stephanie A. Littleton. Parcels, Dunbar District, $270,000.
Appalachian Children's Chorus Inc. et al. to Salvation Army and Pamela Gross. Tracts, Charleston District, $125,000.
James Michael Downey and Sharon Sue Downey to Sharon Sue Downey and Roger L. McCauley. Lots, Jefferson District, $72,000.
Glenna Weese and Donald Mollohan to Kristina B. Settle and Stuart J. Yost. Lot, Elk District, $50,000.
Richard Lee Buckner to Danielle N. Hunt. Lots, St. Albans District, $80,000.
Syed and Samina Kazmi to John S. Cvechko. Lots, Charleston South Annex District, $372,500.
Teresa B. Hammond to Mary Clare Finly. Parcels, Charleston Fifteenth Ward Tax District, $468,500.
NAJ LLC to Charles E. Brown, Jr. and Cindy R. Brown. Lot, Union District, $89,000.
Stricklen Realty Inc. to Brian A. Bane. Unit, Charleston West District, $65,000.
Orlandi Inc. to Seven Players Club Drive LLC. Tracts, Loudon District, $2,300,000.
Eric L. and April J. Showalter to Gregory S. Foster and Bridget P. Ball. Parcels, Loudon District, $250,000.
Howard Michael and Vicki Lynn Agee to Timothy J. Grimmet. Lot, Charleston North District, $422,500.
Forest Carper to Todd W. and Stephani J. Sink. Lot, Elk District, $183,000.
Golden and Amos PLLC to Federal National Mortgage Association. Lot, Union Tax District, $123,910.
P. Grey Goodwin to Melissa A. Wood. Parcel, Kanawha City Tax District, $92,500.
Timothy R. Dorsey to Thomas P. Moon. Lot, Jefferson District, $90,000.
Seneca Trustees Inc. to VPH WV LLC. Lot, Elk District, $55,000.
Dianna L. Wilkinson to Robert S. Goodyear. Lot, Malden District, $154,900.
Whirlwind Properties LLC to Olivia M. Lambert and Eric S. Bickoff. Lot, Loudon District, $187,500.
Bruce S. Hannigan to Mary A. and Donald K. Edds. Lot, Cabin Creek District, $285,000.
Stephen R. and Heather N. Coon to Robert A. Walton. Lots, Union District, $116,000.
Brian K. Peterson to Jennifer E. Burgess. Tract, Union District, $127,900.
Jerry Lee Stewart et al. to Timothy L. Miller. Lot, Jefferson District, $108,000.
Benjamin J. Mackrell to Jamon K. Wolfe. Lot, Jefferson Tax District, $126,000.
Sandra Jo Dolin Bowen, et al. to Gregory Lee Whittington and Lora Lee Dillingham. Lots, Elk District, $55,000.
Timothy J. Grimmett to Jerry Clark Gould Jr. Lot, Charleston North District, $230,000.
Seneca Trustees Inc. and PHH Mortgage Corporation to Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. Lot, Elk District, $72,476.
Robert Lewis Hodges and Linda Lee Paren to Allyson H. Owens. Lot, Union District, $73,333.
Seneca Trustees, INC. to US Bank National Association. Lot, Belle District, $59,500.
Bryan T. Ledet to Envest Prop LA LLC. Lots, Jefferson District, $90,000.
Bryan T. Ledet to Envest Prop LA LLC. Lots, Jefferson District, $120,000.
Ray Saulino Contracting to Deborah D. Turrill. Unit, Elk District, $159,900.
John Gregory Godbey to Rhonda L. Sharp. Lot, Elk District, $97,000.
Alexander J. Ross to Steven C. and Deanna L. Arnott. Lot, Dunbar District, $115,000.
Mary K. Tyson to Charles K. Bishop. Lots, Big Sandy District, $120,000.
Innovative Design and Construction to Ryan D. and Lindsey N. Spaulding. Lot, Union District, $315,000.
Richard D. Jr. and Pamela S. Wilson to Joe A. Jr. and Velma I. Dress. Lot, Poca District, $171,000.
Mary J. Brooks to Herbert Brooks II. Unit, Kanawha City Tax District, $90,000.
Sherry L. Beane to Jack L. Bryan. Lot, St. Albans District, $50,000.
Claude W. Smith to Raymond J. and Amy E. Lovejoy. Lot, Loudon District, $60,000.
Barbara Jean Warman and Thomas B. Epps to Teresa B. Hammond. Lot, Charleston South Annex District, $245,000.
Barbara A. Hall to James T. Shirley A. Stump. Lot, Elk District, $164,000.
Gina Assi to Laura Jackson. Parcel, Jefferson District, $68,000.
William E. Dawson to Matthew Milroy. Condominium, Loudon District, $122,400.
Judith Lynn Mullen to Jacqulyn<co > C. Moxley and Mary C. Moxley. Lot, Union District, $134,500.
Boustany Properties LLC to Friends of Alban Arts and Conference Center Inc. Lot, Jefferson District, $120,000.
Amanda G. Sherman to Nathan N. and Rachel M. Kelly. Lot, Charleston District, $124,500.
Stephen W. and Deborah K. Feldhaus to Patrick D. Mary B. Wheatley. Lot, Big Sandy District, $99,000.
Creed and Sally Jo Adkins to Tork R. and Ashley R. Setterstrom. Lot, Loudon District, $138,000.
Margaret Jane Plott to Kelly L. Titensor. Lot, Charleston District, $85,000.
Robert L. Jr., and Jennifer A. Cobb and Marilyn Gardner to Leah D. Fizer. Lot, Jefferson District, $170,000.
Stanley Family Limited Partnership to Embros Realty Company. Lots, Charleston District, $835,000.
Stanley Family Limited Partnership to Embros Realty Company. Lots, Charleston District, $130,000.
Stanley Family Limited Partnership to Embros Realty Company. Lots, Charleston East Tax District, $209,000.
Seneca Trustees to JPMorgan Chase Bank. Tract, Union District, $80,846.
Seneca Trustees, et al, to Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. Lot, Elk District, $100,000.
John F. and Jessica A. Flynn to Vanderbilt Mortgage and Finance. Lot, Cabin Creek District, $103,717.
Gil Ann Walker Sattler to Steven J. and Lisa M. Ertl. Lot, Marmet District, $100,000.
Harley D. III and Sandra W. Wells to Colin J. and Kathleen E. Ambler. Lot, Loudon District, $370,000.
Patricia A. Worstell to Christopher D. Rawlings. Lots, Union District, $90,000.
Harold B. Blackwell to Jason Tran and Connie Nguyen. Lot, Charleston District, $137,000.
Herbert Dell McCormick, et al, to Deanna K. and David L. Sheets. Lots, Malden District, $60,000.
Alison McFarland to Board of Governors of West Virginia State University. Lots, Union District, $70,000.
Deborah Kay Barnette to Emilie J. Tucker. Lot, St. Albans District, $60,000.
Opa M. Jones to Jerrold A. and Jennifer M. Taylor. Lot, Union District, $169,900.
Joshua D. Sword to Kevin M. Forget. Lot, Charleston District, $77,000.
Byron V. and Jeanine A. Faegre to Sarah R. Leach. Lot, Charleston District, $70,000.
Charles E. Puckett Jr. and Jennifer D. Puckett to Harold E. Jr. and Jena M. Sturgell. Lot, Elk District, $190,000.
Philip Wayne Cavender to Roger R. and Sandra L. Anderson. Lot, Union District, $55,000.
Charles D. Young II to Ha To Ta and Thanh Ta. Lot, Loudon District, $250,000.
The following property transfers of $50,000 or more were recorded in Putnam County between Dec. 23, 2011, and Jan. 6, 2012:
Anthony and Amanda Stillwell to Eric Condon. Lot, Hurricane District, $175,000.
Sandra Balikos to Christine C. Roberts. Lot, Curry District, $55,000.
Stephen Hodges Home Builder Inc. to Eddie L. and Cindy L. Scarberry. Lot, Curry District, $214,900.
Joyce A. Summers to Eugene Lee and Darlene E. Neal. Lot, Teays Valley District, $285,000.
John J. and Linda S. Jaeger to Brenda K. Simon. Lot, Hurricane District, $273,000.
Donald Lee Brandt to Sara and Jeffrey D. Kitts. Lot, Scott District, $212,500.
Joseph E. and Sally Lorusso to Jason E. and Jillian Miles. Lot, Scott District, $225,000.
Douglas A. Cunningham to John S. and Elizabeth V. Frame. Lot, Winfield District, $136,500.
Whirlwind Properties LLC to Heather N. Smith. Lot, Poca Town District, $125,500.
Steven J. Monty to Jeromy I. and Elizabeth Sommerville. Lot, Scott District, $217,000.
Carla N. and Mark E. Kees to Marlon A. Ferguson. Lot, Scott District, $100,000.
James F. Gessaman to Leon H. and Freda J. Hudson. Lot, Scott District, $152,000.
Seneca Trustees and Deborah J. and James W. Wyrick to Wells Fargo Bank. Lot, Hurricane District, $69,962.
Nicholas G. and Stacy N. Hobba to Gordon L. and Hazel M. Massie. Acres, Buffalo District, $320,000.
Michael A. and Traci I. Cochran to MCP Real Estate Holdings LLC. Lot, Teays Valley District, $203,000.
Hayes Brothers Construction LLC to James R. Graves. Lot, Scott District, $214,900.
Pamela A. McGrew to Kyle C. Jr. and Connie J. Dilley. Lot, Teays Valley District, $318,000.
Kyle Clark Jr. and Connie Jane Dilley to Stephen R. Coon. Lot, Teays Valley District, $225,000.
Curtis D. Caudill to Marva D. Pomeroy. Lot, Union District, $81,200.
Wayne and Karen Moore to Christy L. Hearn. Lot, South Winfield District, $92,000.
James H. and Wendy P. Covington to Winfred Ray and Peggy J. Sias. Lot, Winfield District, $340,000.
E.J. and Jeannette J. Patton to Michael K. and Kathryn R. McGhee. Acres, Poca District, $69,000.
Virginia S. Pepper to Barbara A. Hall. Lot, Scott District, $196,000.
William G. Etzkorn to Kim and Elmer McFarland III. Lots, Scott District, $358,000.
Design Development Inc. to Joyce A. Caudle. Lot, Scott District, $222,900.
Jack A. Smith II to Brett A. and Roger L. Marion. Lot, Acres, Scott District, $97,500.
Michael E. and Drema K. Davis to David B. and Andrea Makin. Lot, Scott District, $258,000.
Dennis R. Riggs to Joshua H. and Angela M. Dobbins. Lot, Teays Valley District, $205,000.
M&B Development Company LLC to Dianna L. Wilkinson. Lot, Teays Valley District, $180,651.
Joseph Skeens to Kevin N. and Tanya J. Basham. Lot, Hurricane District, $400,000.
Love Lee Construction Inc. to Roy L. Jr. and Sherri L. Lyons. Lot, Teays Valley District, $228,600.
Dustin G. Schirtzinger to Courtney M. Estes. Lot, Hurricane District, $155,000.
AB Contracting Inc. to Joel I. and Elizabeth A. Lewis. Lot, Scott District, $310,764.
Winifred O. Stec to Patricia Pauley and James E. Dixon. Lot, Teays Valley District, $156,000.
Elton D. Patton to Amanda J. Gibson. Unit, Bancroft District, $94,000.
Design Development Inc. to Steven G. Scott. Lot, Scott District, $227,500.
Karen S. Blaisdell to Carol Sue Flowers. Unit, Scott District, $80,000.
Keslings Quality Homebuilders Inc. to Kenneth R. II and Natalie Zigmond. Lot, Scott District, $415,000.
Geraldine D. Lake to Joshua Robertson and Elizabeth Noreika. Lot, Scott District, $175,000.
The bankruptcies listed below are limited to those filed by residents or companies in the Gazette's circulation area. Chapter 7 designates the liquidation of non-exempt property; Chapter 11 calls for business reorganization; Chapter 13 establishes a schedule of payments to creditors. The following bankruptcies were filed between Dec. 30 and Jan. 6:
Merle Harvey Payne Jr., Webster Springs, Chapter 7. Assets: $162,650, Liabilities: $167,258.
Irene Marcum, Kermit, Chapter 7. Assets: $35,873, Liabilities: $54,627.
Glenda Sue Kelley, Chapmanville, Chapter 7. Assets: $51,620, Liabilities: $42,017.
William Shayde and Patricia Sue Chapman, Williamson, Chapter 7. Assets: $125,448, Liabilities: $152,885.
Frederick Mark Farnham, South Charleston, Chapter 7. Assets: $25,250, Liabilities: $31,515.
John Edward Swain II, South Charleston, Chapter 7. Assets: $44,600, Liabilities: $70,776.
Linda Faye Vance, Stollings, Chapter 7. Assets: $9,950, Liabilities: $30,257.
Joseph Dale Peterson, Delbarton, Chapter 7. Assets: $90,574, Liabilities: $94,504.
Stephen Whitt and Stacy Lynn Sturm, Ravenswood, Chapter 7. Assets: $118,150, Liabilities: $138,709.
Jason Matthew Bird, Sod, Chapter 7. Assets: $232,850, Liabilities: $284,290.
James Clarence and Judy Mae Wood, Sod, Chapter 7. Assets: $44,265, Liabilities: $58,184.
Alicia Juncosa, Charleston, Chapter 7. Assets: $2,985, Liabilities: Unavailable.
Terry Lynn Johnson, Charleston, Chapter 7. Assets: $205,899, Liabilities: $144,590.
Annette Marie Harbison, Dunbar, Chapter 7. Assets: $73,431, Liabilities: $65,845.
Floyd Delmar and Donna Rae Canterbury, Jumping Branch, Chapter 7. Assets: $206,001, Liabilities: $275,008.
John Eric Smith, Oceana, Chapter 7, Assets: $15,825, Liabilities: $44,487.
Carolyn Bertha Collins, Rupert, Chapter 7. Assets: $7,653, Liabilities: $18,178.
Restaurant scores
The Kanawha-Charleston Health Department issues noncritical and critical violations. Critical violations are given to incidences that relate directly to the protection of the public from food-borne illness. The incidences are not negotiable and must be corrected immediately. Repetitions of critical violations may lead to enforcement actions or permit suspension. The following restaurants were rated, and the number of critical violations issued are included:
Fazoli's, 2517 Mountaineer Boulevard, South Charleston: 7 critical violations. Inspector's comments: Unapproved employee drink on dry storage shelf; pasta hood dirty above R-T-E food; multiple items on clean equipment rack are not clean; 2-door upright cooler 50-degrees F, 49-degrees F, food thrown away; 3-bowl sink drains in bad repair; ice machine dirty; many gnats flying around kitchen -- exterminator receipt required. Permit suspended.
Charleston Job Corps, 1000 Kennawa Drive: 7. Inspector's comments: Meat slicer not cleaned to sight and touch; can opener not clean to sight and touch; spray bottles of cleaners not labeled; food employee drink stored in reach-in; ice machine not clean to sight and touch; ice machine drain not in direct drain; Quench Your Thirst Ice Machine not clean. Ice machine out of order until cleaned.
Saint Francis Hospital, 333 Laidley St.: 7. Inspector's comments: Potato salad not date-marked; cole slaw, fresh salad in walk-in use by dates, Dec. 14, 17, 4; cleaner stored beside utensils, single service items; pop nozzles not cleaned to sight and touch; ice machine on customer pop machine not clean to sight; tea nozzle not clean to sight-touch; 3-bowl sink sanitizer 0ppm.
Subway, 300 Goff Mountain Road, Cross Lanes: 4
Little India Restaurant, 1604 Washington St. E.: 4
Tricky Fish, 1611 Washington St.: 4
TGI Friday's, 87 RHL Blvd: 3
Asian Grill, 1110 Fledderjohn Road: 3
Walmart, Nitro Market Place: 3
Rice Bowl, 121-A Goff Mountain Road, Cross Lanes: 2
Fazoli's, Nitro Market Place: 2
Thelma Faye's Cafe, 1219 Washington St. E.: 2
Leonoro's, 1507 Washington St. E.: 2
Gino's, Quincy Center, Belle: 2
Wok and Roll, 200 Patrick St: 2
Hubbard Hospice House, 1001 Kennawa Drive: 2
Prima 7-Eleven, 288 Oakwood Road: 1
Save-A-Lot, U.S. 60 East, Cedar Grove: 1
Panther Cage, 1000 Kennawa Drive: 1
Wagon Wheel, 4877 Washington St. W.: 1
Subway, Nitro Market Place: 1
Taco Bell, Goff Mountain Road, Cross Lanes: 1
TGI Friday's, 4 Goff Mountain Road, Cross Lanes: 1
Samaritan Inn, 1117 Quarrier St.: 1
Par Mar, 2328 Kanawha Terrace, St. Albans: 1
Embassy Suites, 300 Court St.: 1
Dollar General, 9106 MacCorkle Ave., Marmet: 1
Speedway, 524 Campbells Creek Road: 1
Dollar General, 504-510, Campbells Creek Road: 1
Taco Bell, 1664 Third Ave.: 1
Bo-Daddy's, 318 Seventh Ave., South Charleston: 1
Bob Evans, 101 Alex Lane: 1
Go-Mart, 6414 MacCorkle Ave.: 1
Go-Mart, 718 Chestnut St., South Charleston: 1
Church of the Good Shepherd, 700 Chappell Road: 1
Kroger, 5747 MacCorkle Ave.: 1
DuPont Catering, 901 West Dupont Ave.: 1


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subset: commoncrawl


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Tom Cruise may be taking a wait-and-see approach to blasting into space aboard Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic - but Leonardo DiCaprio? He's ready - and already taking advantage of the pioneering event to raise some money for charity.
The 38-year-old actor became the biggest name yet to reveal he would be aboard one of the space flights scheduled for 2014. Sharon Stone, host of the 20th amfAR auction for AIDS research last week, made the announcement and then offered bidders an enticing package. Would anyone like to spend three days training with DiCaprio for the flight and then sit next to him for the ride? $1.5M later, that answer was a resounding yes from Russian Vasily Kylukin. Another couple paid $2.3 for two seats on the same Virgin Galactic voyage.
Overall, the evening's festivities raised $25M for AIDS research. Virgin Galactic, which hopes to start commercial trips into space later this year, has over 500 people already signed up for the $200,000 per seat flights. Stars expected to join DiCaprio include Russell Brand, Ashton Kutcher, Tom Hanks, and even Stephen Hawking - who reportedly has a free ticket courtesy of Branson.
The opinions expressed by MNN Bloggers and those providing comments are theirs alone, and do not reflect the opinions of MNN.com. While we have reviewed their content to make sure it complies with our Terms and Conditions, MNN is not responsible for the accuracy of any of their information.


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Pound for Pound: A Biography of Sugar Ray Robinson
- Written by Herb Boyd & Ray Robinson
- Format: Paperback, 336pp
- Pub. Date: January 3, 2006
- Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers
Kirkus Review:
Admiring biography of the great fighter that neither glosses over nor dwells on his not-always-great behavior outside the ring. Boyd (editor, The Harlem Reader, 2003, etc.; African-American Studies/College of New Rochelle) gets help from Sugar Ray Robinson's son in portraying a complex man with serious problems - problems outweighed only by the sheer mass of his boxing achievements: 85 amateur wins and no losses; 175 professional wins to only 19 defeats, 6 draws, 1 no-decision, 1 no-contest; a career that lasted from 1940 to 1965. The head-shaking wow of these statistics propels the story forward, since Boyd makes no pretense to being anything more than a journeyman boxing writer. Still, he's an intelligent student of the sweet science and makes all the right noises about Robinson's artistry, his "fundamental coordinates of speed and power," his left hook and right cross. Where Boyd excels, however, is in squaring Robinson's life (1921-89) to his milieu, which for many years was Harlem. During the neighborhood's most vibrant years of music, literature, entrepreneurialism, and political activism, Robinson moved through Harlem like a force of nature, starting businesses, serving as an example of success on a large scale, living high and bright. He was not a druggie or a boozer, but he was an insatiable womanizer; he was a miserable father, but he gave to charities; he was never bought by the mob, but he required a huge entourage; he beat his opponents mercilessly, and his women as well. (Their son says his abuse caused Robinson's wife to have five miscarriages.) He bombed in business, failed to support his family, ingloriously tanked in the ring, was a one-stop garnishing center for the IRS. He soared and crashed, Boyd notes, much like his Harlem. Not much different from the antics that got Mike Tyson pilloried, though Robinson never chewed off an opponent's ear. Still, icons get special treatment, Boyd makes clear, and geniuses are forgiven their many trespasses.


text: I was at the trails the other day and noticed the lack of respect and common sense towards other riders being displayed be a few riders, they put others in danger, an example of this would be one i saw that had left his bike half on half off the trail. Have you seen or had a experiance with something like this? If so, do tell.


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It's simple, and free.
According to Maslow (1954: 80-122), his proposed hierarchy of needs had five need levels:
1. The physical needs such as hunger, thirst, the need for shelter and sex. If an individual could not satisfy these needs, he was at risk of becoming preoccupied with them. Preoccupation with the physical needs was said to block growth.
2. The safety needs such as the need for security, and protection from physical as well as psychoemotional harm. If these needs are not satisfied, again the individual will become preoccupied with them. Maslow (1954: 80-122) said that preoccupation with this particular category of needs could lead to neurosis.
3. Belongingness needs such as the need for affection, acceptance and friendship. Prolonged deprivation of satisfaction for these social needs was said to lead to severe psychological disturbances.
4. Achievement Needs which were internal (e.g., needs for self-esteem such as self-respect, autonomy) and external (e.g., needs for status, recognition and attention). If these needs were not gratified, the theory held that people would develop feelings of inferiority and helplessness, which may manifest themselves in depression.
5. The need for self-actualization which was conceptualized as the need to do that which maximizes one's potential and fulfills innate aspirations. The hierarchy of needs theory held that this was the most difficult need to satisfy and it could not be fulfilled until all of the other needs had been satisfied.
Maslow (1954: 80-122) attempted to more thoroughly defined self-actualization by specifying a set of characteristics and traits that typified the self-actualized person. Specifically, a self-actualized person was said to: have a more efficient perception of reality; demonstrate greater acceptance of self, others and nature; be more spontaneous than average; pay more attention to problems outside of self; feel more comfortable with solitude and privacy; show greate...


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Deviant Art
TBTTUT - Naruaki part 1More Like This
It had been two and a half years since I had laid eyes on my beloved village Konoha. I had promised Naruto that as soon as he would come home, that I would too. I had really missed them all, my dear friends. But this time away was good for me. In ways now I have become much stronger and I have also matured in ways that now I am ready I am ready to fight with my life to help Naruto and Sakura bring our beloved Sasuke back to the village. It's hard to believe that it has been three years since I have seen him Sasuke Where are you now? I wonder if you're okay . Well all I know is that now I am looking at the gate in which my home lays behind.
"Is that you?" The guard spoke. "It's been a while Kotetsu" I smiled. "Akiko Suzuki" the other guard smiled. "It's great to have you back." "It's great to be back Izumo" I grinned. "Well it's nice to know you haven't forgotten us." Kotetsu replied. "Yeah, well I'm sorry but I have to get going." I bowed as I then ran
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Analysis: Albino Black Sheep
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text: HomeRed/Blue Lined Raised Paper Red/Blue Lined Raised Paper Rate This Item... $24.95In Stock • 22317QuantityHave a question? Chat Live!Add to Cart About8 1/2" raised line paper with 1" space between red line and 1/4" space between blue lines. 125 sheets.RecommendedWhite Copy Paper - 1 Ream$9.95Notebook Filler Paper - 150 sheets$4.95Narrow Lined Raised Paper$24.95Wide Lined Raised Paper$24.95Stetro™ Pencil Grip (36 count package)$9.95100 Sheet Composition Books (Set of 5)$9.95


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The Town of Groton Scholarship Committee would like thank all the individuals, organizations, and businesses who have made generous donations to our fund. We are looking forward to offering more scholarships to qualifying students in 2015. Please find a link to the form below if you have not donated already and would like to make a donation to our fund. The form should be printed and completed. The form as well as your donation can be mailed to Groton Town Hall. You will find more detailed instructions in the form.
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- Filed Under
The Army estimates automatic budget cuts scheduled to take effect March 1 will have a $15 billion economic impact and affect more than 300,000 jobs nationwide, according to documents obtained by USA TODAY.
Hardest hit states include Alabama, Texas, Virginia and Pennsylvania. Among the least affected: Delaware, Wyoming, Montana and Rhode Island.
The military faces $500 billion in budget cuts over 10 years from sequestration -- automatic budget cuts. The Army anticipates that it will need to slash $18 billion in spending by the end of this fiscal year on Sept. 30. ...


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Originally Posted by bowzart
Might have been me, Vaughn. I'm no longer interested in actively selling them because I don't really enjoy working for $5/hour, especially because my eyesight isn't what it used to be, but I do make one now and then for somebody.
However, somewhere on APUG is a detailed description of my current method, which is the best yet, if anyone is crazy enough to try it.
Here: http://www.apug.org/forums/995995-post35.html


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Thanks Kewl, first on the mark .
As usual, you never cease to amaze me..... keep up the great work and sharing of info.
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Award winning Cosy Under Canvas is a woodland glamping site on the Welsh borders, close to the famous book town of Hay on Wye. Perfect to satisfy your craving for the outdoors with no compromise on comfort.
Think comfy beds, snug duvets, fluffy sheepskins and cosy rugs. But we're off-grid and eco-friendly with compost loos, steamy wood-fired showers and solar lights.
Stay in a dome, all our spacious domes have exclusive use Wood Fired Hot Tubs
Our 5 spacious and 2 cosy domes are on decking with wood burning stoves and a private fire pit. There's a fully kitted, shared camp kitchen with everything you need to make the most of time out, chilling out and hanging out.
It's peaceful, relaxing and comfortable. The sky is dark and the stars are bright. From woodland swings and stream-dipping kits to personal toiletries and real coffee, we've thought of everything to get you back to nature in style.
What to do while you're here
Stay local – there's activities and games to keep the family happy on site. Dip into the Cosy Activity Book for inspiration, paddle in the shallow stream or just laze in the hammocks and take in the view.
Stray away – potter round the market towns of Hay on Wye or Kington, stride along a section of the Offa's Dyke Path, or take the family up a mountain, behind a waterfall or through a forest in the Brecon Beacons National Park. Information is provided in the 'Cosy Corner'.
For more adventure – try a guided mountain bike ride, a family canoe or kayak trip, a gorge walk or pony trekking, all are available close by, just ask for details and recommendationsBook Now
Practicalities – what's included and what to bring with you
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Cosy Under Canvas is the winner of the 'Best Place to Stay, Alternative Accommodation' in the National Tourism Awards for Wales, supported by Visit Wales. We've also been awarded a prestigious Gold Award by the Green Tourism Business Scheme, the national sustainable tourism scheme for the UK Most recently we have been awarded a TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence 2015 as a result of consistently great reviews from TripAdvisor visitors.


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The Burgess Boys (2013)
by Elizabeth Strout
No current Talk conversations about this book.
Hmmm. For me, this felt more like a book I needed to read based on the critical acclaim, than one I was excited to read. This was a mechanically-sound book, certainly well-written and narratively developed, but for me that might've been the problem. At it's core, it felt more like an advanced writing class - an exercise in execution - and not one that connects and sticks. I didn't hate it, nor did I love it--it was just a check off the list, which is probably the worst place for a book to live.
The Burgess siblings come from a small town in Maine. Brothers Jim and Bob both moved away to New York City, but their sister Susan stayed behind. Recently, the town has become a home for a community of Somali refugees, and everyone's lives are disrupted when Susan's son commits a strange and horrible act: tossing a bloody, severed pig's head into the Somalis' mosque, with, apparently, little concept of the implications and even less idea why he did it.
It's a good dysfunctional-family story, with delicately observed characterization and lots of complex themes about secrets, guilt, the alienation of feeling out of place, the connections and distances between people in small towns and big cities, and the ties people maintain to the places they're from, whether they like it or not. I don't think it was quite as great as the previous Strout novel I read, Olive Kitteridge, and it I think it makes a bit of a misstep with its framing-story prologue. But Olive Kitteridge was, admittedly, a tough act to follow, and this one was not disappointing.
I had reservations about reading The Burgess Boys before starting, mostly because I feared it would be a little too whitewashed and lack the edge or quirkiness I usually like in the novels I read. Still, I didn't want to shut out a book that was getting good buzz because of preconceptions I might have about it.
The novel alternates between New York City, the current home of Jim and Bob Burgess, and the small Maine town of Shirley Falls, where they grew up and left behind their sister, Susan. The siblings are brought together when Susan's awkward and lonely son is accused of committing a hate crime, sending the town of Shirley Falls and the Burgess family down paths they never intended to take.
Many people have complaints about novels when they can't find redeeming qualities in any of the characters or can't relate to anyone. I'm not one of those people. I'm totally fine reading a book where I hate everyone...if I find the characters to be interesting. Unfortunately, my reservations were mostly right and that wasn't the case with The Burgess Boys. Almost every character was a textbook stereotype; so much so that I almost found myself cringing when Strout's plot dug the characters deeper into their stereotypical roles (ugh, Jim).
The only character that seems to break from that mold is the Somali leader, Abdikarim, who gives background on the community and its opinion on the hate crime in a few sections. This is where I feel Strout missed a chance to really take this novel to a different place. Rather than dedicating time to Bob's ex-wife Pam, which seems out of place, I would have rather seen more from Abdikarim or other Somali voices to bring more balance to the novel.
I can, however, see how Elizabeth Strout could have won a Pulitzer Prize for Olive Kitteridge, though I haven't read it. Her writing does have an easy, flowing style to it that is very appealing. With this being such a character driven story, I think reviews are going to depend heavily on how each person interprets everyone in the novel. For me, I've seen them all before.
Really loved Olive Kitteridge but this was not as good. Interesting and I liked the main character but it just seemed like she was trying to do much here and never got deep enough into the individual storylines. Really good characters though.
I liked how the story was resolved and I like Elizabeth Strout's writing. this one was somewhat slow throughout, but had a satisfying ending.
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Catalyzed by a nephew's thoughtless prank, a pair of brothers confront painful psychological issues surrounding the freak accident that killed their father when they were boys, a loss linked to a heartbreaking deception that shaped their personal and professional lives.… (more)
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text: Home Recipes Healthy Eating Low Sodium Recipes Low Sodium Breakfast Recipes Share: Low Sodium Breakfast Recipes Looking for low sodium breakfast recipes? Find low sodium breakfast recipes including casserole recipes, easy low sodium breakfast recipes, and more low sodium breakfast recipes. Recipe Spotlight Easy Homemade Chunky Applesauce My family loves when I make them this favorite from scratch. —Marilee Cardinal, Burlington, NJ View Easy Homemade Chunky Applesauce Recipe More Low Sodium Breakfast Recipes Sort: Highest Rated Alphabetical Contest Winning Newest << first < prev | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ... | next >last >> Oh-So-Good Oatmeal Oh-So-Good Oatmeal "Add extra nutrition to fiber-rich oatmeal by adding chopped apple with the peel and chopped almonds. My two boys demand seconds!" At 1-1/2 cups per serving, it's hearty and filling; and at zero cholesterol, what's not to love? Danielle Pepa - Elgin, Illinois View Recipe Crunchy Apple Salad Side Crunchy Apple Salad Side "With fiber-rich fruit, light dressing and crunchy walnuts, this is a great snack. Try it with low-fat granola."—Kathy Armstrong, Post Falls, Idaho View Recipe Good-Morning Granola Good-Morning Granola This is ridiculously easy to make and has lots of healthy ingredients. It's a great way to start your day or to keep you going. With pretty packaging, it makes a nice gift or bake sale item. —Mary Bilyeu, Ann Arbor, Michigan View Recipe Advertise with us ADVERTISEMENT Brown Sugar & Banana Oatmeal Brown Sugar & Banana Oatmeal Oatmeal is a favorite breakfast food, quick, easy and filling. I came up with this version by using some of the same ingredients from my favorite breakfast smoothie. Add bran cereal for a heartier taste and more fiber. A brown sugar substitute and soy milk also blend in well. —Jessi Rizzi, Odenton, Maryland View Recipe Cherry Almond Granola Cherry Almond Granola Skim milk turns this crunchy snack into a healthy breakfast cereal, while a dollop of low-fat yogurt makes it a delicious dessert. Try adding a little baking cocoa to the brown sugar for a flavor twist. —Deborah Purdue of Freeland, Michigan. View Recipe Contest-Winning Hot Fruit Compote Contest-Winning Hot Fruit Compote "This sweet and colorful fruit compote is perfect with an egg casserole at a holiday brunch. It can bake right alongside the eggs, so everything is conveniently done at the same time," notes Joyce Moynihan in Lakeville, Minnesota. View Recipe Hawaiian Fruit Salad Hawaiian Fruit Salad A simple dressing made with flavored yogurt coats this refreshing combination of fresh and canned fruit. It looks spectacular when presented in a pineapple boat and sprinkled with toasted coconut. View Recipe Chocolate-Fruit Crepes Chocolate-Fruit Crepes These pretty dessert crepes are delicate, delightful and as simple to make as they are special! Nice for a fancy brunch, too. Laura McDowell - Lake Villa, Illinois View Recipe Fruit Salad with Vanilla Fruit Salad with Vanilla Peach pie filling is the secret ingredient in this crowd-pleasing salad. Make it throughout the year using whatever fruits are in season.—Nancy Dodson, Springfield, Illinois View Recipe Jack-o'-Lantern Oranges Jack-o'-Lantern Oranges This is a great way to get the kids to eat nourishing fruit during the candy-laden Halloween season. They can even help cut up the apples and grapes with plastic knives and decide how they want their fancy orange to look!—Taste of Home Test Kitchen View Recipe Ultimate Fruity Granola Ultimate Fruity Granola Honey, maple syrup and vanilla coat this wonderfully crunchy treat that's fantastic no matter how you serve it—on its own, with cold milk, or in a yogurt parfait. —Sarah C. Vasques, Milford, New Hampshire View Recipe << first < prev | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ... | next >last >> Advertise with us ADVERTISEMENT Advertise with us ADVERTISEMENT


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My baby won't eat solid food. Help!
My nearly 7-month-old son has a strong aversion to solids -- he only wants breast milk, which I occasionally supplement with formula. He's even gone as far as throwing up when he sees a spoon of cereal coming! I've tried veggies and even a few fruits. He grimaces and gags and spits it all out. Help!
Posted: 03/16/2001 by a BabyCenter Member
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My baby is the same way. He is exclusively breastfed and will maybe eat some bananas but rice cereal - no way. I am worried because of his weight..posted 05/08/2006 by cosmo924
My 7 month old still has the "tongue reflex" and keeps pushing the solid food out. Anyone experience this? Thanksposted 05/06/2006 by johannaweaver
Breast milk is really the main source of nutrition for babies up to twelve months old. Besides for the iron which babies need after 6 months (found in the infant fortified cereals) another reason "they" say to start solids between 4-6 months is so the baby gets used to it. My son is close to 7 and a 1/2 months old and doesnt eat much besides for nursing. He'll eat a little bit of the carrots and butternut squash from the baby food jars, but barely. You should not force your baby to eat solids unless the baby is losing weight and really needs the extra calories. Kids will resent being force fed and may adapt a food aversion to the force fed food. Make sure to feed when the baby is hungry, not right after nursing and not when tired. Like other people on here said, some babies dont like being fed with a spoon and would rather eat finger foods. There's a whole list on this site of finger foods.posted 05/04/2006 by SMDMP
My baby is now 8 months old and still won't eat solids. I went to my doctor about it and he told me that it is ok for my baby to breastfeed exclusivly, until 12 months. That seems like a long time to go without solid foods to me. She was sleeping through the night since birth but now she is waking up so much becasue she is always hungry. I am so exahusted. Does anyone have any tips on getting a baby to eat rice cereal or jar food? I can usually get her to eat maybe 3 or 4 bites but then she just will not open her mouth any more.posted 03/13/2006 by Barbb4
Thank goodness my son is not the only 11 month old who won't eat chunky food. If I put #3 food in his mouth he gags and looks at me like I'm trying to kill him. I think we all worry too much. They will eat what they want when they are ready. My Doc said not to worry as long as he is eating enough. Thanks for all of the advice.posted 03/09/2006 by a BabyCenter Member
My eight month old takes only a few bites of baby food, then refuses to eat anything else, except formula. I think all babies develop at their own pace, and it truely does them a disservice to force them to develop faster than they are ready. Our children won't be scarred by eating solids at 2 years instead of 6 months. Forcing them not only creates an unpleasant battle, but can also lead to them feeling frustrated or inadequate. We want to be our child's biggest cheerleader, not their biggest critic.posted 03/02/2006 by a BabyCenter Member
I'm having the same problem... Baby just keeps spitting it all back out. Don't know what to do! As for some of the other comments, I've read that around 6mos, baby's supply of iron that he/she was born with is slowly depleting. That's why we should start solids. But my doctor said up to 8 mos is ok without solids. I feel like they really need solids within a year or else I'd be worried about the baby's health.posted 02/28/2006 by a BabyCenter Member
I really don't understand how an 8 month old baby can eat cheerios, toast, etc.. when all they have are 4 teeth in the front of their month...?..posted 02/27/2006 by a BabyCenter Member
I have a 10 month old son who will not eat any finger foods. Any time that I try to add a few small soft mushy pieces of food to his yogurt or cereal he throws up. Does anyone else have this problem. Dr. said not to worry until 12 months old but I am afraid that it will be too late.posted 02/15/2006 by jellopink
First off.. DO NOT put cereal in your baby's bottle. That is a HUGE no-no, because your baby could choke on it. Second.. talk to your doctor about your concerns with solids. It took my son until he was 7-8 months old to eat jar foods. All he wanted was his formula. Babies develop at their own pace... my son is now 11 months, and I am eagerly waiting for him to eat the 'finger foods' because he has 6 teeth in.. His doctor told me to jsut let him develop at his own pace and everything will work out fine. I would slowly try to give your baby small bites of the jar foods (stage 1) to get him used to it. It took my son a few tries to eventually eat the whole jar.posted 02/07/2006 by peanutsmama05
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Following the Dodgers and Exploring The Team's Past
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LOS ANGELES — After a one-hit loss to the Arizona Diamondbacks the previous day, the Los Angeles Dodgers offense was MIA for a second consecutive game as the Dodgers lost to Arizona again, falling 4-1 Sunday afternoon at Dodger Stadium.
Arizona's starter, Ian Kennedy, continued his success as he four-hit the Dodgers over six-innings and struck out eight. Since the St. Louis debacle, Kennedy has posted an impressive 1.50 ERA with an even forty-strikeouts in six starts with a 4-1 record.
Arizona would only need to two-runs for the victory, but, gave Kennedy plenty of run support as the Diamondbacks scored four runs in the second inning off Dodgers starter, Ted Lilly.
After Lilly walked Stephen Drew to start the second, the Diamondbacks unleashed back-to-back jacks to the fans in left field to take an early, commanding, 3-0 lead. It continued to get worse for Lilly too, who then hit Miguel Montero. Montero advanced to second on Gerardo Parra's bunt-single and advanced once again to third on Ian Kennedy's sacrifice bunt. Chris Young then hit a deep fly-ball that allowed Montero to trot in for the fourth run of the inning.
Los Angeles struggled again to get its big bats going as Andre Ethier, Matt Kemp, and James Loney went 1-for-11; same batters went 2-for-10 in Arizona's one-hit victory.
The Dodgers got on the board soon afterwards, scoring their only run in the third inning off Kennedy. Jamey Carroll doubled to lead-off the third and scored immediately on Aaron Miles's line-drive single to right field.
J.J. Putz came in for another save opportunity; his second in less than a twenty-four hour period and got the save for his ninth of the season. Putz has yet to blow a save this season.
Awsome article and right to the point. I don't know if this is in fact the best place to ask but do you guys have any ideea where to get some professional writers? Thanks
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OMG! What a lovely surprise to wake up to!!! Robert did you have to use capitals?!
I owe you all a big hug, especially John Bowen! ... and David...ummm not! and if your not into that, let's have a wine or beer and discuss photography
Bill, I'll enjoy that bottle with you from the other side of our little planet. Thank you.
It's my birthday and I can use as many emoticons as I like
My daughter drew me a delightful canvas adding a lovely photo of my children; my son a beautiful water jug and my DH a hot air ballooning trip! Hmm, that means I'll need a bigger lens!!! LOL


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Posted December 06, 2012 on AP on Fox
Carmelo Anthony has been on a tear of late, but he wasn't on the court for the end of the New York Knicks' thrilling victory their last time out. He may not be around for Thursday night's highly anticipated rematch with the Miami Heat, either. A finger injury could keep Anthony from helping New York try to avoid its sixth straight defeat in Miami, while the Heat figure to be motivated after a stunning loss in the nation's capital. Anthony entered Wednesday's game in Charlotte averaging 30.7 points over his previous six. He had 23 when he dove into the team's bench after a loose ball and suffered a deep cut to his left middle finger with 2:10 remaining. That left the Knicks needing another option down the stretch. Enter J.R. Smith, who intercepted a pass with less than 20 seconds left, then hit a jumper as the buzzer sounded - the final two of his 13 points - to give the Knicks a 100-98 victory. Tyson Chandler added 18 points and 17 rebounds. "The huddle was very calm. They wer...
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Diversified Trust names new president
Regional wealth management firm Diversified Trust has promoted its COO to the role of president and moved him to its Nashville office from Atlanta.
Nashville native John Seckman will keep his COO title at Diversified, which manages more than $4 billion and also runs offices in Memphis and Greensboro. Seckman has been with the firm for 10 years and was the managing director of its Atlanta office since its establishment in 2002.
"John is a leader for our firm and we are delighted to welcome him to Nashville in his expanded role of President and Chief Operating Officer," said G. Thomas Curtis, managing director of the Nashville office. "By bringing John here, he can provide additional leadership and operating support to our firm's offices throughout the Southeast. In addition, we look forward to introducing him to our clients in Middle Tennessee."
Seckman's move to Nashville comes after Diversified CEO Larry Bryan in 2011 handed over the CEO role to former president Samuel Graham. The firm has added staffers at each of its offices in the past year and now is home to 66 workers across its footprint.
At Diversified's West End office, Seckman will work closely with Curtis, who has led the office since its establishment in 1998. Before joining Diversified, Seckman was president of an Atlanta-based registered investment advisory firm and was an investment director for the Delta Air Lines Pension Trust. He earned a bachelor's in business administration from the University of Mississippi, a master's of science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a law degree from the Nashville School of Law. He also is a chartered financial analyst.


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Determining Style in Palaeolithic Cave Art: A New Method Derived from Horse Images
Pigeaud, Romain, Antiquity
The dating of the art displayed in the cave discovered at Chauvet (Ardeche) back to 32 000 years ago, and therefore into the Aurignacian, has stirred up research into Palaeolithic cave art (Clottes 1998; Valladas et al. 2001). Painted caves were previously, for the most part, classified according to a stylistic chronology devised by Andre Leroi-Gourhan (1965), which would place the Chauvet paintings in the Solutrean period (between 22 000 and 18 000 years ago). Although some scholars still have reservations (Zuchner 1999; Pettit & Bahn, 2003), it appears reasonable to accept this new dating and to put aside an evolutionary stylistic chronological scheme. The implication is that Palaeolithic art is a dendritic phenomenon, which did not follow a linear path, evolving from a clumsy image to a naturalistic chef d'oeuvre. As Peter Ucko (1987) has suggested, it is possible to envisage the existence of several contemporary styles, be they due to differences in technical or artistic ability or to regional variations.
In this case, should we abandon stylistic analysis? This question has provoked a lively debate amongst researchers (Pettit & Bahn 2003; Lorblanchet & Bahn 1993; Otte 1997; Vialou 1999; Otte & Remacle 2000; Lorblanchet & Bahn, 2003). It soon became apparent that only a minority of painted caves could be dated, either directly or through stratigraphic relationships. Style therefore seems to be an inescapable tool, if one is to insert painted caves into a chronological framework of Palaeolithic cultures. One condition, however, is that an agreement can be reached on the meaning of 'style'. For James Sackett (1970: 370), style '(...) concerns a highly specific and characteristic manner of doing something, and that this manner is always peculiar to a specific time and place'. In other words, style is not what unites, but what differentiates. Choosing very broad stylistic criteria allows us to bring together a large number of sites, but this exercise leads nowhere. One such broad criterion, for example, is the one known as the 'duck's bill', a stylised representation of a horse's nose whose elongated oval shape recalls that of a duck's bill (Figure 1). Since the time of Henri Breuil (Capitan, Breuil & Peyrony 1910), the 'duck's bill' has been considered an archaic trait and it has been used to date certain caves and some portable artefacts to early phases of the Upper Palaeolithic. However, there are figures of horses displaying 'duck's bills' on sites dated well into the Magdalenian period, for example on plaques from Gonnersdorf in Germany (Bosinski & Fischer 1980). The 'duck's bill' is therefore a particular way of stylising the end of a horse's nose, but is not specific to a site, nor attributable to a particular chronological period. On its own, it is not a useful stylistic criterion and must be used with great caution.
Other supposedly 'stylistic' criteria, on the other hand, are nothing of the sort. The tail is placed low, for example, on many representations of Palaeolithic horses, such as those of the cave of the Trinidad de Ardales in Andalusia (Spain) (Cantalejo Duarte et al. 1997). This is surely an anatomical error, as a real horse's tail starts right above the anus. Of course, it is possible that the artist deliberately took some liberties with anatomical reality. I contend that the 'low tail attachment' criterion is not a reliable stylistic criterion, as the real intention of the artist--simple error or artistic licence--will always remain unresolved. To compare sites on this basis alone would be a risky undertaking.
The problem of these formal coincidences is particularly acute in the period that precedes the Magdalenian. My working hypothesis is that there is a fundamental break between the Magdalenian (c. 17000-9000) and the cultural phases that came before (Aurignacian, Gravettian, Epigravettian & Solutrean). …


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Publications (30)81.41 Total impact
Article: Evaluation of cartilage, synovium and adipose tissue as cellular sources for osteochondral repair[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Osteochondral lesions are a major cause of pain and disability in several species including dogs, horses and human beings. The objective of this study was to assess three potential sources of canine cells for their osteochondral regenerative potential. Cartilage, synovium and adipose tissue cells were grown in pellet culture in chondrogenic or osteogenic media. Cartilage-derived pellets displayed the best chondrogenic differentiation as indicated by significantly higher COL2A1 and SOX9 mRNA expression, greater glycosaminoglycan content, and higher retention of Safranin-O stain compared to the synovium and adipose-derived cells. Following application of the osteogenic media, all three cell sources exhibited small areas of positive alizarin red staining. Poor intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity was found in all three cell types when stimulated although osteocalcin and RUNX2 expression were significantly increased. Cells isolated and cultured from canine articular cartilage retained their specific chondrocytic phenotype. Furthermore, canine adipocytes and synovial cells did not undergo chondrogenic differentiation and did not exhibit evidence of multipotency. Although osteogenic differentiation was initiated at a genomic level, phenotypic osteoblastic differentiation was not observed. The findings of this study suggest that cells isolated from canine adipose tissue and synovium are sub-optimal substitutes for chondrocytes when engineering articular cartilage in vitro.The Veterinary Journal 07/2013; 197(3). DOI:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.044 · 1.76 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cell morphology may reflect the mechanical environment of tissues and influence tissue physiology and response to injury. Normal cruciate ligaments (CLs) from disease-free stifle joints were harvested from dog breeds with a high (Labrador retriever) and low (Greyhound) risk of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Antibodies against the cytoskeletal components vimentin and alpha tubulin were used to analyse cell morphology; nuclei were stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, and images were collected using conventional and confocal microscopy. Both cranial and caudal CLs contained cells of heterogenous morphologies. Cells were arranged between collagen bundles and frequently had cytoplasmic processes. Some of these processes were long (type A cells), others were shorter, thicker and more branched (type B cells), and some had no processes (type C cells). Processes were frequently shown to contact other cells, extending longitudinally and transversely through the CLs. Cells with longer processes had fusiform nuclei, and those with no processes had rounded nuclei and were more frequent in the mid-substance of both CLs. Cells with long processes were more commonly noted in the CLs of the Greyhound. As contact between cells may facilitate direct communication, variances in cell morphology between breeds at a differing risk of CCL rupture may reflect differences in CL physiology.The Veterinary Journal 03/2012; 193(2):561-6. DOI:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.02.017 · 1.76 Impact Factor
Article: Type IX Collagen Interacts with Fibronectin Providing an Important Molecular Bridge in Articular Cartilage[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Type IX collagen is covalently bound to the surface of type II collagen fibrils within the cartilage extracellular matrix. The N-terminal, globular noncollagenous domain (NC4) of the α1(IX) chain protrudes away from the surface of the fibrils into the surrounding matrix and is available for molecular interactions. To define these interactions, we used the NC4 domain in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human chondrocyte cDNA library. 73% of the interacting clones encoded fibronectin. The interaction was confirmed using in vitro immunoprecipitation and was further characterized by surface plasmon resonance. Using whole and pepsin-derived preparations of type IX collagen, the interaction was shown to be specific for the NC4 domain with no interaction with the triple helical collagenous domains. The interaction was shown to be of high affinity with nanomolar Kd values. Analysis of the fibronectin-interacting clones indicates that the constant domain is the likely site of interaction. Type IX collagen and fibronectin were shown to co-localize in cartilage. This novel interaction between the NC4 domain of type IX collagen and fibronectin may represent an in vivo interaction in cartilage that could contribute to the matrix integrity of the tissue.Journal of Biological Chemistry 07/2011; 286(40):34986-97. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M111.238188 · 4.57 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Although elastin fibres and oxytalan fibres (bundles of microfibrils) have important mechanical, biochemical and cell regulatory functions, neither their distribution nor their function in cruciate ligaments has been investigated. Twelve pairs of cruciate ligaments (CLs) were obtained from 10 adult dogs with no evidence of knee osteoarthritis. Elastic fibres were identified using Verhoeff's and Miller's staining. Fibrillins 1 and 2 were immunolocalised and imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Hydrated, unfixed tissue was analysed using Nomarski differential interference microscopy (NDIC), allowing structural and mechanical analysis. Microfibrils and elastin fibres were widespread in both CLs, predominantly within ligament fascicles, parallel to collagen bundles. Although elastin fibres were sparse, microfibrils were abundant. We described abundant fibres composed of both fibrillin 1 and fibrillin 2, which had a similar pattern of distribution to oxytalan fibres. NDIC demonstrated complex interfascicular and interbundle anatomy in the CL complex. The distribution of elastin fibres is suggestive of a mechanical role in bundle reorganisation following ligament deformation. The presence and location of fibrillin 2 in oxytalan fibres in ligament differs from the solely fibrillin 1-containing oxytalan fibres previously described in tendon and may demonstrate a fundamental difference between ligament and tendon.Journal of Anatomy 04/2011; 218(6):600-7. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01374.x · 2.10 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Osteoarthritis is the most common arthropathy of mammalian species including cats. Cartilage degradation is central to the disorder and here we present, for the first time, an in vitro model of feline cartilage degradation which will be useful for further studies in this target species. Feline articular cartilage explant cultures were maintained for 28 days and in the presence of oncostatin M with and without interleukin (IL)-17, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1alpha, or IL-1beta. Media samples and digested cartilage explants were analysed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content. The combination of IL-1beta and OSM, both at 20 ng/ml, was able to promote GAG release to the greatest extent at 14 days. At 28 days, all groups showed relatively high release of GAG. At 14 days, only IL-1beta and OSM in combination were associated with a statistically significant increase in collagen release over and above control tissue. IL-1beta dose-response studies showed that an IL-1beta dose of 10 ng/ml promotes a statistically significant increase in GAG breakdown when used with OSM, and higher doses of IL-1beta did not result in significantly greater response. The model demonstrated both GAG and collagen degradation and will be of use for further understanding of feline cartilage metabolism and for screening of potential structure-modifying agents to be used in cats.08/2010; 12(8):614-20. DOI:10.1016/j.jfms.2010.03.007
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ABSTRACT: Type II collagen is a major component of articular cartilage and its breakdown is a key feature of osteoarthritis. Products of cartilage collagen metabolism can be detected in the blood, synovial fluid and urine. Several biomarker assays have been developed which can be used to measure the synthesis and degradation of collagen, and therefore provide information regarding cartilage turnover. This is the first part of a two-part review and describes the need for accurate, reliable information regarding collagen turnover, the processes by which the biomarker epitopes are generated, their application to the study of both healthy and diseased cartilage and the results of currently published studies, with particular reference to the veterinary species. The second part of the review considers the non-collagenous biomarkers of cartilage matrix turnover.The Veterinary Journal 07/2010; 185(1):36-42. DOI:10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.011 · 1.76 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Osteoarthritis (OA) results in the destruction and breakdown of articular cartilage matrix. Breakdown of the cartilage proteoglycan component results in the generation of constituent fragments that can be detected in the blood, synovial fluid or urine. Non-collagenous, non-proteoglycan components of cartilage can also be detected following their release as a result of turnover and disease. OA also alters the circulating profile of metabolites in the body. Metabolomic strategies have been used to distinguish populations with OA from normal populations by the creation of a metabolomic 'fingerprint' attributable to the disease. This paper is the second part of a two-part review and describes some of the techniques used to measure the concentrations of some of these 'non-collagenous' biomarkers, and how the application of these measurements assists the study of joint disease. Collagen-based biomarkers were discussed in part one.The Veterinary Journal 07/2010; 185(1):43-9. DOI:10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.012 · 1.76 Impact Factor
Article: The organization of microfibrils and elastin fibres within the canine cruciate ligament complex
Article: MMP-mediated collagen breakdown induced by activated protein C in equine cartilage is reduced by corticosteroids[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The plasma serine protease activated protein C (APC) is synthesized by human chondrocytes at sites of pathological cartilage fibrillation. APC levels are increased in osteoarthritis (OA) synovial fluid, and in vitro APC has been shown to synergize with interleukin-1beta (IL-1) to promote degradation from ovine cartilage. A model of equine cartilage degradation was established and used to explore corticosteroid activities. Intraarticular corticosteroids are a commonly prescribed treatment for joint disease, however their role in disease modification remains unclear. APC synergized with IL-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), promoting significant collagen degradation from equine cartilage explants within 4 days, but did not augment glycoaminoglycan (GAG) release. APC activated pro-matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 but not pro-MMP-9, as assessed by gelatin zymography. APC did not directly activate pro-MMP-13. Dexamethasone, triamcinolone, and methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) were evaluated at concentrations between 10(- 5)M and 10(-10)M. High concentrations significantly increased GAG release from IL-1+APC-treated explants. With the exception of MPA at 10(-10)M, all concentrations of corticosteroids caused significant decreases in IL-1+APC-driven hydroxyproline loss. Treatment with corticosteroids suppressed expression of MMP-1, -3, and -13 mRNA. The collagenolysis associated with IL-1+APC synergy, and the inhibition of this effect by corticosteroids may involve gelatinase activation and downregulation of MMP expression, respectively.Journal of Orthopaedic Research 11/2009; 28(3):370-8. DOI:10.1002/jor.21001 · 2.99 Impact Factor
Article: Effects of hypoxia on glucose transport in primary equine chondrocytes in vitro and evidence of reduced GLUT1 gene expression in pathologic cartilage in vivo[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Articular chondrocytes exist in an environment lacking in oxygen and nutrients due to the avascular nature of cartilage. The main source of metabolic energy is glucose, which is taken up by glucose transporters (GLUTs). In diseased joints, oxygen tensions and glucose availability alter as a result of inflammation and changes in vascularisation. Accordingly, in this study we examined the effects of hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)) on glucose transport in equine chondrocytes and compared expression of the hypoxia responsive GLUT1 gene in normal and diseased cartilage. Monolayers of equine chondrocytes were exposed to 20% O(2), 1% O(2), CoCl(2) (75 microM), or a combination of 1% O(2) and CoCl(2). Glucose uptake was measured using 2-deoxy-D-[2,6-(3)H] glucose. GLUT1 protein and mRNA expression were determined by FACS analysis and qPCR, respectively. GLUT1 mRNA expression in normal and diseased cartilage was analyzed using explants derived from normal, OA, and OCD cartilage. Chondrocytes under hypoxic conditions exhibited a significantly increased glucose uptake as well as upregulated GLUT1 protein expression. GLUT1 mRNA expression significantly increased in combined hypoxia-CoCl(2) treatment. Analysis of clinical samples indicated a significant reduction in GLUT1 mRNA in OA samples. In OCD samples GLUT1 expression also decreased but did not reach statistical significance. The increase in glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression under hypoxic conditions confirms that hypoxia alters the metabolic requirements of chondrocytes. The altered GLUT1 mRNA expression in diseased cartilage with significance in OA suggests that reduced GLUT1 may contribute to the failure of OA cartilage repair.Journal of Orthopaedic Research 04/2009; 27(4):529-35. DOI:10.1002/jor.20772 · 2.99 Impact Factor
Article: Gene expression markers of tendon fibroblasts in normal and diseased tissue compared to monolayer and three dimensional culture systems[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: There is a paucity of data regarding molecular markers that identify the phenotype of the tendon cell. This study aims to quantify gene expression markers that distinguish between tendon fibroblasts and other mesenchymal cells which may be used to investigate tenogenesis. Expression levels for 12 genes representative of musculoskeletal tissues, including the proposed tendon progenitor marker scleraxis, relative to validated reference genes, were evaluated in matched samples of equine tendon (harvested from the superficial digital flexor tendon), cartilage and bone using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Expression levels of genes associated with tendon phenotype were then evaluated in healthy, including developmental, and diseased equine tendon tissue and in tendon fibroblasts maintained in both monolayer culture and in three dimensional (3D) collagen gels. Significantly increased expression of scleraxis was found in tendon compared with bone (P = 0.002) but not compared to cartilage. High levels of COL1A2 and scleraxis and low levels of tenascin-C were found to be most representative of adult tensional tendon phenotype. While, relative expression of scleraxis in developing mid-gestational tendon or in acute or chronically diseased tendon did not differ significantly from normal adult tendon, tenascin-C message was significantly upregulated in acutely injured equine tendon (P = 0.001). Relative scleraxis gene expression levels in tendon cell monolayer and 3D cultures were significantly lower than in normal adult tendon (P = 0.002, P = 0.02 respectively). The findings of this study indicate that high expression of both COL1A2 and scleraxis, and low expression of tenascin-C is representative of a tensional tendon phenotype. The in vitro culture methods used in these experiments however, may not recapitulate the phenotype of normal tensional tendon fibroblasts in tissues as evidenced by gene expression.BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 03/2009; 10(1):27. DOI:10.1186/1471-2474-10-27 · 1.72 Impact Factor
Article: An exploration of the ability of tepoxalin to ameliorate the degradation of articular cartilage in a canine in vitro model[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To study the ability of tepoxalin, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) and its active metabolite to reduce the catabolic response of cartilage to cytokine stimulation in an in vitro model of canine osteoarthritis (OA).Grossly normal cartilage was collected post-mortem from seven dogs that had no evidence of joint disease. Cartilage explants were cultured in media containing the recombinant canine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) at 100 ng/ml and recombinant human oncostatin-M (OSM) at 50 ng/ml. The effects of tepoxalin and its metabolite were studied at three concentrations (1 x 10(-5), 1 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-7) M). Total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen (hydroxyproline) release from cartilage explants were used as outcome measures of proteoglycan and collagen depletion respectively. PGE2 and LTB4 assays were performed to study the effects of the drug on COX and LOX activity. Treatment with IL-1beta and OSM significantly upregulated both collagen (p = 0.004) and proteoglycan (p = 0.001) release from the explants. Tepoxalin at 10(-5) M and 10(-6) M caused a decrease in collagen release from the explants (p = 0.047 and p = 0.075). Drug treatment showed no effect on GAG release. PGE2 concentration in culture media at day 7 was significantly increased by IL-1beta and OSM and treatment with both tepoxalin and its metabolite showed a trend towards dose-dependent reduction of PGE2 production. LTB4 concentrations were too low to be quantified. Cytotoxicity assays suggested that neither tepoxalin nor its metabolite had a toxic effect on the cartilage chondrocytes at the concentrations and used in this study. This study provides evidence that tepoxalin exerts inhibition of COX and can reduce in vitro collagen loss from canine cartilage explants at a concentration of 10(-5) M. We can conclude that, in this model, tepoxalin can partially inhibit the development of cartilage degeneration when it is available locally to the tissue.BMC Veterinary Research 02/2009; 5(1):25. DOI:10.1186/1746-6148-5-25 · 1.78 Impact Factor
Article: Chondrocytes harvested from osteochondritis dissecans cartilage are able to undergo limited in vitro chondrogenesis despite having pertubations of cell phenotype in vivo[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Our objective was to characterize the variation in gene expression for key genes associated with chondrogenic phenotype of osteochondrosis (OC)-affected and normal chondrocytes, and to identify whether OC chondrocytes can redifferentiate and regain a phenotype similar to normal chondrocytes if appropriate chondrogenic signals are given. Equine articular cartilage removed at surgery to treat clinically significant OC lesions was collected (n = 10), and the gene expression evaluated and compared to aged-matched normal samples (n = 10). Cartilage was harvested from normal (n = 4) and OC (n = 3) joints from horses at necropsy. Chondrogenic pellet cultures were established following monolayer proliferation. After 14 days in culture, the pellets were assessed by histochemical and pellet weight analysis, assay of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and gene expression. Chondrocytes from OC cartilage expressed significantly more Coll-I, -II, -III, and -X than chondrocytes from normal cartilage (all p < 0.0001). Furthermore, OC chondrocytes expressed significantly more MMP-13, ADAMTS-4 (both p < 0.0001), and TIMP-1 (p < 0.001) and significantly less TIMP-2 and TIMP-3. Pellets created from OC chondrocytes contained significantly less GAG (p = 0.0069) and expressed significantly less Sox9 and significantly more superficial zone protein (SZP) (p = 0.0105) than pellets created from normal cartilage. The results suggest that chondrocytes from OC cartilage at the time of surgical treatment have perturbations in phenotype compared to cells from normal cartilage. Despite these differences, following monolayer expansion and pellet culture under chondrogenic conditions, chondrocytes derived from OC cartilage retain some ability to undergo chondrogenic differentiation and synthesize an appropriate cartilage-like matrix. However, this chondrogenic differentiation potential is inferior to that seen in aged-matched normal chondrocytes.Journal of Orthopaedic Research 08/2008; 26(8):1133-40. DOI:10.1002/jor.20602 · 2.99 Impact Factor
Article: High-intensity exercise induces structural, compositional and metabolic changes in cuboidal bones - findings from an equine athlete model[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Fatigue fracture of cuboidal bones occurs in the human foot as well as the equine carpus. The racehorse provides a naturally-occurring model to study the effects of high-intensity exercise on the morphology and metabolism of cuboidal bones. We studied both the mineral and the collagenous matrix of the third (C(3)) and radial (C(r)) carpal bones of raced and non-raced Thoroughbred (TB) horses. We hypothesised that racehorses would show increases in the mineral component of these bones and post-translational modifications of the collagenous matrix alongside changes in markers of collagen remodelling and bone formation. C(3) and C(r) carpal bones were retrieved from raced TB horses (n=14) and non-raced TB horses (n=11). Standardised proximal-distal sections were taken from each bone and these were sliced transversely to study the proximal-distal differences in bone metabolism from the subchondral plate through to trabecular bone. Histomorphometry and bone mineral density measurements were performed in parallel with biochemical analyses including total collagen, collagen synthesis and cross-links, matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9 and their inhibitors, calcium and phosphate, and bone alkaline phosphatase. The results of this study show that, while there is a net increase in bone formation in the racehorses, there is additionally an increase in bone collagen synthesis and remodelling, particularly within the trabecular regions of the bone. The increase in bone density would lead to greater stiffness, particularly in the cortical bone, and failure of this 'stiffer' cortical bone may result from its lack of support from the rapidly remodelling and structurally weakened underlying trabecular bone.Bone 07/2008; 43(4):724-33. DOI:10.1016/j.bone.2008.06.003 · 3.97 Impact Factor
Article: MT3-MMP (MMP-16) is Downregulated by In Vitro Cytokine Stimulation of Cartilage, but Unaltered in Naturally Occurring Equine Osteoarthritis and Osteochondrosis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Matrix degradation by metalloproteinases is considered a key feature in the loss of articular cartilage seen in many joint diseases. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MT3-MMP) expression is elevated in human cartilage in end-stage osteoarthritis. We investigated whether MT3-MMP is similarly regulated in cartilage in two naturally occurring arthropathies in vivo and whether proinflammatory cytokines regulate its expression in vitro. MT3-MMP expression was evaluated in cartilage from horses with osteoarthritis and osteochondrosis and compared with age- and site-matched normal cartilage. MT3-MMP also was measured in normal cartilage stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines. MT3-MMP expression was not significantly altered in either osteoarthritis or osteochondrosis cartilage. However, gene expression was significantly downregulated by the addition of recombinant human interleukin-1beta, oncostatin M, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha to normal cartilage explants. The results suggest that MT3-MMP may not have a role in matrix destruction in equine cartilage diseases. Further work is required to characterize its regulation and function.Connective tissue research 02/2008; 49(2):62-7. DOI:10.1080/03008200801913338 · 1.61 Impact Factor
Article: Modification of the Composition of Articular Cartilage Collagen Fibrils with Increasing Age[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Recent studies have identified a range of interactions between type IX collagen and other cartilage matrix components. To determine the extent to which these interactions are important in maintaining the integrity of ageing articular cartilage, we analyzed an age range of normal healthy articular cartilage samples by Western blotting, immunohistochemical, and PCR analyses. Reduced levels of type IX collagen were detected in post adolescence cartilage. Type IX collagen epitopes were evident throughout the matrix in all cartilage samples up to 19 years of age. Post adolescence, however, the pattern of immunoreactivity revealed territorial staining only. Type IX collagen expression at the transcriptional level is maintained at all ages. Type IX collagen fragments were extracted from young tissue, supporting the hypothesis that young cartilage is continually remodelled, while mature cartilage maintains relatively low levels of collagen turnover. Clearly the age changes we observed may have significant effects on the integrity of the tissue as the chondrocytes in ageing articular cartilage have limited capacity to turnover the interterritorial matrix. However, this study provides evidence that even in old age, the chondrocyte attempts to maintain its pericellular environment and hence its mechanical role. Therefore, the potential of type IX collagen to interact with other matrix components continues to be of importance in the territorial environment, and these interactions may have significant roles in mechanotransduction.Connective tissue research 02/2008; 49(5):374-82. DOI:10.1080/03008200802325417 · 1.61 Impact Factor
Article: Tracheal organ cultures as a useful tool to study Felid herpesvirus 1 infection in respiratory epithelium[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Felid herpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1) is an important feline pathogen of the upper respiratory tract which can be identified in clinical cases by virus isolation and PCR. Studies on the effect and mode of spread of FeHV-1 in the respiratory epithelium, however, have previously only been performed in infected cats. Feline tracheal organ cultures which were inoculated with FeHV-1 at varying multiplicity of infection (MOI) were established. A dose-dependent response was observed. Low MOIs induced multifocal infection in the otherwise viable respiratory epithelium, which allowed monitoring of viral growth over several days. Therefore, tracheal organ cultures represent a suitable model for further study of the morphological and functional effects of FeHV-1 on respiratory epithelium, mimicking the in vivo situation.Journal of Virological Methods 01/2007; 138(1-2):191-5. DOI:10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.07.010 · 1.78 Impact Factor
Article: Use of biochemical markers of osteoarthritis to investigate the potential disease-modifying effect of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To evaluate the hypothesis that the concentration of the 1/20/5D4 epitope of keratan sulphate, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and total sulphated glycosaminoglycans in synovial fluids from dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease would be affected by tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. In addition, to evaluate the hypothesis that medial meniscal release or meniscal injury would alter the expression of these candidate biomarkers. Forty-one dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease were recruited prospectively. Synovial fluids were collected from the index joint before surgery and six weeks and six months postsurgery. Following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy, synovial fluids were assayed for 1/20/5D4 epitope of keratan sulphate and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein concentration using an inhibition ELISA and for sulphated glycosaminoglycans using a direct dye-binding assay. The sulphated glycosaminoglycans ratio did not change significantly during the study. Medial meniscal injury at entry was associated with lower concentrations of synovial fluid cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (P<0.05, unpaired t test). There was no association between medial meniscal release and the changes in marker concentrations, either from 0 to six weeks or 0 to six months. Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy did not significantly alter the expression of the named candidate biomarkers. These findings reflect the limited nature of the arthrotomy or indicate that tibial plateau levelling osteotomy does not influence the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). From these studies, there is no evidence that tibial plateau levelling osteotomy affects cartilage metabolism.Journal of Small Animal Practice 01/2007; 47(12):708-14. DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00150.x · 1.09 Impact Factor
Article: A57 CHONDROGENESIS OF INFRAPATELLAR FAT PAD AND SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE CELLS IN COMPARISON TO ARTICULAR CARTILAGE CHONDROCYTESOsteoarthritis and Cartilage 12/2006; 14. DOI:10.1016/S1063-4584(07)60510-X · 4.17 Impact Factor
Article: Curcumin and resveratrol reduce lipopolysaccharide mediated glycosaminoglycan release in an explant model of canine articular cartilageOsteoarthritis and Cartilage 12/2006; 14. DOI:10.1016/S1063-4584(07)60624-4 · 4.17 Impact Factor
Top Journals
University of Liverpool
Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
- • Department of Musculoskeletal Biology
- • School of Veterinary Science
Cardiff University
Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences
University of Wales
Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- School of Molecular and Medical Biosciences


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Category: Web Browsers
Pwn2Own: Google to Give Away CR-48 Laptop and $20,000
The 5th Pwn2Own contest is here and there are some special treats for all you exploiters.
In addition to already offered prizes by Zero Day Initiative (ZDI) (a total is $105,000), Google Inc. will also be giving away a CR-48 laptop running Google Chrome OS and $20,000 to one lucky hacker who will exploit a security hole in Google Chrome web browser.
Contestants are welcomed to hack the following browsers:
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Apple Safari
Mozilla Firefox
Google Chrome
All of them will be running on a 64-bit, Windows 7 or OS X machines.
As for Opera inclusion, it's still the same "low market share" argument.
January, 2011 – Google Chrome Breaks Above 10% Market Share Barrier
With a great year for web browsers that 2010 was, it's time to dive in directly into 2011 and check the very first month market share stats.
Internet Explorer continues the downtrend with a 1.08 point drop, from 57.08% to 56.00%.
With the upcoming Firefox 4 release, Mozilla's web browser is still struggling to gain any significant market share, this time it lost a 0.06 point, down from 22.81% to 22.75%.
Continue Reading
Weekly Browsers Recap, January 17th
• Microsoft to Reveal Internet Explorer Mobile Plans
During the CES, one of the audience members has asked Microsoft's Dean…
• Google Chrome Release Cycle
Google has recently published an interesting release cycle slideshow for Google Chrome…
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WebM Ready for Hardware Acceleration
It looks like Google's WebM VP8 hardware decoder IP is now available for the chip makers. According to the recent announcement, they can now start working on a WebM playback support for their chipsets.
Same report also states that Oulu team is set to release a VP8 video encoder in the first quarter of 2011 as it's currently ran in an FPGA (Field-programmable gate array) environment.
HTML5 Awesome: Type to Shoot Game
Here is a fun little game to speed up your typing capabilities, pure HTML5 love.
Maxthon Mobile for Android: With Finger Gestures and Multi Platform Sync
Just few weeks after the initial release of Maxthon for Android, here comes the second build of Maxthon Mobile.
According to the official announcement, the following versions introduces two new features:
- Synchronization of cross-platform information
- New finger gestures
The synchronization feature allows users to manipulate data, such as contacts and favorites, from any Maxthon platform on PC or an Android phone. A user, for example, can use Maxthon on his PC to sort a collection of contacts by phone area code. When he opens the same contacts using Maxthon Mobile on his phone, the contacts will be in the same order as on the computer.
The new mobile browser is the result of a vibrant, ongoing dialogue between Maxthon developers and users, which is how Maxthon discovered that users wanted a touch screen "undo" gesture to reopen a tab they had closed inadvertently. The new gesture is a reverse "c," the opposite of the gesture to close a tab.
Weekly Questions Recap, January 10th
Don't forget that you can receive points for asking/answering questions and redeem them for cool prizes.
Facebook: Find Who Removed You from the Friends List (Unfriended) and Ignored
Here is a quick and painless way to find out, who deleted you from the friends list, ignored your friend request, etc. You may also remove your friend sending request. The best part: no seamless Facebook app installation is required.
Continue Reading
Zynga Buys Flock
Zynga, a social game developer announced its plans to acquire somehow everyone's forgotten, Flock web browser.
Although acquisition details were not revealed, according to some rumors, Google and Twitter were bidding for Flock as well.
Here is an excerpt from their blog post:
Our team will help Zynga in achieving their goal of building the most fun, social games available to anyone, anytime – on any platform.
We thank our users for their unwavering support and dedication, and we're thrilled to be going to a platform that shares our passion for combining great user experience and technology. What an awesome way to kick off 2011!
Internet Explorer 9 Surpasses 20 Million Downloads Mark
RC coming in early 2011.
With the continuous web browser advertisements all over the web, Microsoft has announced that since the launch of Internet Explorer 9 Beta on the 15th of September, it has already been downloaded more than 20 million times.
Furthermore, according to the report, IE9 is already used by 0.46% of Internet users worldwide.


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December 1, 2015
NEW YORK A federal judge in New York has sentenced a Texas man to 25 years in prison for plotting to kill Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the United States.
Manssor Arbabsiar (mahn-SUHR' ahr-BAHB'-see-ahr) was sentenced Thursday in Manhattan.
The 58-year-old Arbabsiar pleaded guilty last year. Authorities say he went to Mexico at the direction of the Iranian military in 2011 to arrange the assassination attempt. The plot never went any further.
Prosecutors had sought the 25-year sentence.
Defense attorneys say he suffers from a mental disorder that clouded his judgment. They argued the sentence should be no more than 10 years.
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Integrating Digital Marketing and Employee Training Resources Enhances the Customer Service Experience MINNEAPOLIS, MN -- (Marketwired) -- 12/04/13 -- Wireless Ronin Technologies, Inc. (OTCQB: RNIN), a leading digital marketing technologies solutions provider, has published a new white paper highlighting the advantages gained when retailers integrate Marketing and Training technologies to provide product-rich training and real-time sales support tools that connect their retail workforce to their digital omnichannel retail environments. Today's shopper is more educated and informed than ever before. Therefore, in order for a sales associate to add value and enhance the in-store experience, employers are leveraging the same technology investments that they are making to market to their customers -- web, digital signs, kiosks and tablets -- and utilizing them for employee training and connected sales support tools. Giving sales associates access to training and sales support tools that blend marketing information with sales process information allows them to provide a higher level of service, including: -- Untethered cash registers resulting in improved personal interaction with customers -- Relevant and timely product and promotional information targeted to influence shopper's behavior -- In-store and companywide inventory visibility -- Easy access to complex product information like materials, designers and origin -- A truly personalized shopping experience based on guest's preferences, sizes, etc. This white paper discusses the benefits of breaking down internal silos between Marketing and Training to jointly develop content to educate and support both employees and customers, ultimately resulting in higher sales, increased profits, and the optimum customer service experience. To view the white paper in its entirety, click here. About Wireless Ronin Technologies Wireless Ronin Technologies, Inc. (WRT) (www.wirelessronin.com) is a pioneering marketing technologies company. WRT combines interactive digital media -- signage, kiosks, mobile, social media and web -- to create 360-degree solutions so companies will be "Communicating at Life Speed(R)" to deliver the right content at the right place at the right time. WRT's turnkey approach includes strategic consulting, creative development, installation, hosting, training and support. Since launching its cloud-based RoninCast(R) content management platform in 2003, WRT has become the leading digital marketing provider for large-scale deployments in retail, automotive, food service and public venues. The company is headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota; its common stock trades on the OTCQB as "RNIN." Company Media Contacts: Erin Haugerud Manager of Communications and Investor Relations firstname.lastname@example.com 952.564.3535 Investor Relations Contacts: Matt Glover or Michael Koehler Liolios Group, Inc. email@example.com 949.574.3860
Integrating Digital Marketing and Employee Training Resources Enhances the Customer Service Experience
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Ok, this is what I have learned about the Vivitar Series 1 PF 383 Pen on the Pentax K7. I don't know if it is the same as the Sunpack or not.
Although the manual is less than helpful, it will do fill flash on automatic. In the past I have always used it on manual because that is what I am familiar with. I am not terrifically satisfied with all the results I got but it is not too bad.
I set the flash at TTL, which according to the manual will interface with the Pentax P-TTL system. I set the camera on the Program mode. I then used the camera and set a -1.3 exposure compensation for the flash by using the camera flash controls. I took several pictures of myself at arms length in the afternoon, both in the shade and in the sunlight. The flash worked perfectly every time and the power level was appropriate. I then reduced the compensation further to - 2, and again it worked as it should, the power was visibly reduced both to my eyes, and to the results.
The shadows under the brim of my ball cap were alleviated in both circumstances. However, and this is where I still need to do some more work, the exposure to the sunlit,lower part of my face is definitely over exposed.
However, at this point I can state that the Vivitar PF 383 Pen does do fill flash automatically. As I said, it may take a bit more playing to get it where you want, but it will work.
Obviously I cannot say that the K5, or the 385HV, will work identically because I am unable to test that combination.
You will pardon my not posting the images right now as they probably are not fit for human consumption.