text: DSpace Collection: http://hdl.handle.net/2381/3823 2015-11-30T20:40:29Z 2015-11-30T20:40:29Z Hard Spheres at a Planar Hard Wall: Simulations and DFT Davidchack, Ruslan L. Laird, Brian B. Roth, Roland http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33560 2015-11-17T03:00:45Z 2015-11-16T10:35:08Z Title: Hard Spheres at a Planar Hard Wall: Simulations and DFT Authors: Davidchack, Ruslan L.; Laird, Brian B.; Roth, Roland Abstract: Hard spheres are a central and important model reference system for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous fluid systems. In this paper we present new high-precision molecular dynamics computer simulations for a hard sphere fluid at a planar hard wall. For this system we present benchmark data for the density profile ρ(z ) at various bulk densities, the wall surface free energy γ, the excess adsorption Γ, and the excess volume [superscript v]ex , which is closely related to Γ. We compare all benchmark quantities with predictions from state-of-the-art classical density functional theory calculations within the framework of fundamental measure theory. While we find overall good agreement between computer simulations and theory, significant deviations appear at sufficiently high bulk densities. Description: Supplementary data for this work can be found at http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33537 2015-11-16T10:35:08Z Non-Fickian diffusion and the accumulation of methane bubbles in deep-water sediments Goldobin, Dennis S. Brilliantov, N. V. Levesley, J. Lovell, M. A. Rochelle, C. A. Jackson, P. D. Haywood, A. M. Hunter, S. J. Rees, J. G. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33352 2015-10-23T02:01:05Z 2015-10-22T11:42:58Z Title: Non-Fickian diffusion and the accumulation of methane bubbles in deep-water sediments Authors: Goldobin, Dennis S.; Brilliantov, N. V.; Levesley, J.; Lovell, M. A.; Rochelle, C. A.; Jackson, P. D.; Haywood, A. M.; Hunter, S. J.; Rees, J. G. Abstract: In the absence of fractures, methane bubbles in deep-water sediments can be immovably trapped within a porous matrix by surface tension. The dominant mechanism of transfer of gas mass therefore becomes the diffusion of gas molecules through porewater. The accurate description of this process requires non-Fickian diffusion to be accounted for, including both thermal diffusion and gravitational action. We evaluate the diffusive flux of aqueous methane considering non-Fickian diffusion and predict the existence of extensive bubble mass accumulation zones within deep-water sediments. The limitation on the hydrate deposit capacity is revealed; too weak deposits cannot reach the base of the hydrate stability zone and form any bubbly horizon. 2015-10-22T11:42:58Z Patchy Invasion of Stage-Structured Alien Species with Short-Distance and Long-Distance Dispersal. Rodrigues, L. A. Mistro, D. C. Cara, E. R. Petrovskaya, N. Petrovskii, Sergei http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33307 2015-10-20T02:00:56Z 2015-10-19T11:08:06Z Title: Patchy Invasion of Stage-Structured Alien Species with Short-Distance and Long-Distance Dispersal. Authors: Rodrigues, L. A.; Mistro, D. C.; Cara, E. R.; Petrovskaya, N.; Petrovskii, Sergei Abstract: Understanding of spatiotemporal patterns arising in invasive species spread is necessary for successful management and control of harmful species, and mathematical modeling is widely recognized as a powerful research tool to achieve this goal. The conventional view of the typical invasion pattern as a continuous population traveling front has been recently challenged by both empirical and theoretical results revealing more complicated, alternative scenarios. In particular, the so-called patchy invasion has been a focus of considerable interest; however, its theoretical study was restricted to the case where the invasive species spreads by predominantly short-distance dispersal. Meanwhile, there is considerable evidence that the long-distance dispersal is not an exotic phenomenon but a strategy that is used by many species. In this paper, we consider how the patchy invasion can be modified by the effect of the long-distance dispersal and the effect of the fat tails of the dispersal kernels. Description: The file associated with this record is under a 12-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy, available at http://www.springer.com/gp/open-access/authors-rights/self-archiving-policy/2124. The full text may be available in the publisher links provided above. 2015-10-19T11:08:06Z Approximation with Random Bases: Pro et Contra Gorban, Alexander N. Tyukin, Ivan Yu. Prokhorov, D. V. Sofeikov, Konstantin I. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33147 2015-10-02T02:01:11Z 2015-10-01T11:29:45Z Title: Approximation with Random Bases: Pro et Contra Authors: Gorban, Alexander N.; Tyukin, Ivan Yu.; Prokhorov, D. V.; Sofeikov, Konstantin I. Abstract: In this work we discuss the problem of selecting suitable approximators from families of parameterized elementary functions that are known to be dense in a Hilbert space of functions. We consider and analyze published procedures, both randomized and deterministic, for selecting elements from these families that have been shown to ensure the rate of convergence in L2 norm of order O(1/N), where N is the number of elements. We show that both randomized and deterministic procedures are successful if additional information about the families of functions to be approximated is provided. In the absence of such additional information one may observe exponential growth of the number of terms needed to approximate the function and/or extreme sensitivity of the outcome of the approximation to parameters. Implications of our analysis for applications of neural networks in modeling and control are illustrated with examples. Description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0905.0677 http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/0020-0255/ 2015-10-01T11:29:45Z On the diagonal subalgebra of an Ext algebra Green, Edward L. Snashall, Nicole Solberg, Ø. Zacharia, D. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33085 2015-09-23T02:00:44Z 2015-09-22T11:20:56Z Title: On the diagonal subalgebra of an Ext algebra Authors: Green, Edward L.; Snashall, Nicole; Solberg, Ø.; Zacharia, D. Abstract: Let R be a Koszul algebra over a field k and M be a linear R-module. We study a graded subalgebra Δ[subscript: M] of the Ext-algebra $\operatorname{Ext}_R^*(M,M)$ called the diagonal subalgebra and its properties. Applications to the Hochschild cohomology ring of $R$ and to periodicity of linear modules are given. Viewing R as a linear module over its enveloping algebra, we also show that Δ[subscript: M] is isomorphic to the graded center of the Koszul dual of R. [abstract with TEX support available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.4953] 2015-09-22T11:20:56Z Trivial extensions of gentle algebras and Brauer graph algebras Schroll, Sibylle http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33046 2015-09-21T10:14:05Z 2015-09-15T09:03:50Z Title: Trivial extensions of gentle algebras and Brauer graph algebras Authors: Schroll, Sibylle Abstract: We show that two well-studied classes of tame algebras coincide: namely, the class of symmetric special biserial algebras coincides with the class of Brauer graph algebras. We then explore the connection between gentle algebras and symmetric special biserial algebras by explicitly determining the trivial extension of a gentle algebra by its minimal injective co-generator. This is a symmetric special biserial algebra and hence a Brauer graph algebra of which we explicitly give the Brauer graph. We further show that a Brauer graph algebra gives rise, via admissible cuts, to many gentle algebras and that the trivial extension of a gentle algebra obtained via an admissible cut is the original Brauer graph algebra.As a consequence we prove that the trivial extension of a Jacobian algebra of an ideal triangulation of a Riemann surface with marked points in the boundary is isomorphic to the Brauer graph algebra with Brauer graph given by the arcs of the triangulation. 2015-09-15T09:03:50Z Time Dependent Diffusion as a Mean Field Counterpart of Levy Type Random Walk Ahmed, D. A. Petrovskii, S. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32806 2015-07-23T02:00:41Z 2015-07-22T16:11:10Z Title: Time Dependent Diffusion as a Mean Field Counterpart of Levy Type Random Walk Authors: Ahmed, D. A.; Petrovskii, S. Abstract: Insect trapping is commonly used in various pest insect monitoring programs as well as in many ecological field studies. An individual is said to be trapped if it falls within a well defined capturing zone, which it cannot escape. The accumulation of trapped individuals over time forms trap counts or alternatively, the flux of the population density into the trap. In this paper, we study the movement of insects whose dynamics are governed by time dependent diffusion and Lévy walks. We demonstrate that the diffusion model provides an alternative framework for the Cauchy type random walk (Lévy walk with Cauchy distributed steps). Furthermore, by calculating the trap counts using these two conceptually different movement models, we propose that trap counts for pests whose dynamics may be Lévy by nature can effectively be predicted by diffusive flux curves with time-dependent diffusivity. Description: Mathematics Subject Classification: 82B41 / 60K35 / 35Q92 2015-07-22T16:11:10Z Mathematical Modelling of Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Oxygen in a Plankton System Sekerci, Y. Petrovskii, S. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32804 2015-07-23T02:00:43Z 2015-07-22T15:49:51Z Title: Mathematical Modelling of Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Oxygen in a Plankton System Authors: Sekerci, Y.; Petrovskii, S. Abstract: Oxygen production due to phytoplankton photosynthesis is a crucial phenomenon underlying the dynamics of marine ecosystems. However, most of the existing literature focus on other aspects of the plankton community functioning, thus leaving the issue of the coupled oxygen-plankton dynamics understudied. In this paper, we consider a generic model of the oxygen-phytoplankton-zooplankton dynamics to make an insight into the basic properties of the plankton-oxygen interactions. The model is analyzed both analytically and numerically. We first consider the nonspatial model and show that it predicts possible oxygen depletion under certain environmental conditions. We then consider the spatially explicit model and show that it exhibits a rich variety of spatiotemporal patterns including travelling fronts of oxygen depletion, dynamical stabilization of unstable equilibrium and spatiotemporal chaos. Description: Mathematics Subject Classification: 92D40 / 35B36 / 35Q92 / 37N25 2015-07-22T15:49:51Z Statistical mechanics of animal movement: Animals's decision-making can result in superdiffusive spread Tilles, Paulo F. C. Petrovskii, Sergei V. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32803 2015-07-23T02:00:44Z 2015-07-22T14:27:23Z Title: Statistical mechanics of animal movement: Animals's decision-making can result in superdiffusive spread Authors: Tilles, Paulo F. C.; Petrovskii, Sergei V. Abstract: Peculiarities of individual animal movement and dispersal have been a major focus of recent research as they are thought to hold the key to the understanding of many phenomena in spatial ecology. Superdiffusive spread and long-distance dispersal have been observed in different species but the underlying biological mechanisms often remain obscure. In particular, the effect of relevant animal behavior has been largely unaddressed. In this paper, we show that a superdiffusive spread can arise naturally as a result of animal behavioral response to small-scale environmental stochasticity. Surprisingly, the emerging fast spread does not require the standard assumption about the fat tail of the dispersal kernel. 2015-07-22T14:27:23Z The Role of Host and Microbial Factors in the Pathogenesis of Pneumococcal Bacteraemia Arising from a Single Bacterial Cell Bottleneck Gerlini, A. Colomba, L. Furi, L. Braccini, T. Manso, A. S. Pammolli, A. Wang, Bo Vivi, A. Tassini, M. van Rooijen, N. Pozzi, G. Ricci, S. Andrew, P. W. Koedel, U. Moxon, E. R. Oggioni, M. R. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32753 2015-09-01T09:41:42Z 2015-07-20T12:51:16Z Title: The Role of Host and Microbial Factors in the Pathogenesis of Pneumococcal Bacteraemia Arising from a Single Bacterial Cell Bottleneck Authors: Gerlini, A.; Colomba, L.; Furi, L.; Braccini, T.; Manso, A. S.; Pammolli, A.; Wang, Bo; Vivi, A.; Tassini, M.; van Rooijen, N.; Pozzi, G.; Ricci, S.; Andrew, P. W.; Koedel, U.; Moxon, E. R.; Oggioni, M. R. Abstract: The pathogenesis of bacteraemia after challenge with one million pneumococci of three isogenic variants was investigated. Sequential analyses of blood samples indicated that most episodes of bacteraemia were monoclonal events providing compelling evidence for a single bacterial cell bottleneck at the origin of invasive disease. With respect to host determinants, results identified novel properties of splenic macrophages and a role for neutrophils in early clearance of pneumococci. Concerning microbial factors, whole genome sequencing provided genetic evidence for the clonal origin of the bacteraemia and identified SNPs in distinct sub-units of F0/F1 ATPase in the majority of the ex vivo isolates. When compared to parental organisms of the inoculum, ex-vivo pneumococci with mutant alleles of the F0/F1 ATPase had acquired the capacity to grow at low pH at the cost of the capacity to grow at high pH. Although founded by a single cell, the genotypes of pneumococci in septicaemic mice indicate strong selective pressure for fitness, emphasising the within-host complexity of the pathogenesis of invasive disease. 2015-07-20T12:51:16Z Feeding on Multiple Sources: Towards a Universal Parameterization of the Functional Response of a Generalist Predator Allowing for Switching Morozov, Andrew Petrovskii, Sergei http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32698 2015-07-15T02:00:52Z 2015-07-14T14:59:44Z Title: Feeding on Multiple Sources: Towards a Universal Parameterization of the Functional Response of a Generalist Predator Allowing for Switching Authors: Morozov, Andrew; Petrovskii, Sergei Abstract: Understanding of complex trophic interactions in ecosystems requires correct descriptions of the rate at which predators consume a variety of different prey species. Field and laboratory data on multispecies communities are rarely sufficient and usually cannot provide an unambiguous test for the theory. As a result, the conventional way of constructing a multi-prey functional response is speculative, and often based on assumptions that are difficult to verify. Predator responses allowing for prey selectivity and active switching are thought to be more biologically relevant compared to the standard proportion-based consumption. However, here we argue that the functional responses with switching may not be applicable to communities with a broad spectrum of resource types. We formulate a set of general rules that a biologically sound parameterization of a predator functional response should satisfy, and show that all existing formulations for the multispecies response with prey selectivity and switching fail to do so. Finally, we propose a universal framework for parameterization of a multi-prey functional response by combining patterns of food selectivity and proportion-based feeding. Description: PMCID: PMC3783441 2015-07-14T14:59:44Z Revisiting the Role of Individual Variability in Population Persistence and Stability Morozov, Andrew Pasternak, A. F. Arashkevich, E. G. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32692 2015-07-15T02:00:55Z 2015-07-14T14:27:15Z Title: Revisiting the Role of Individual Variability in Population Persistence and Stability Authors: Morozov, Andrew; Pasternak, A. F.; Arashkevich, E. G. Abstract: Populations often exhibit a pronounced degree of individual variability and this can be important when constructing ecological models. In this paper, we revisit the role of inter-individual variability in population persistence and stability under predation pressure. As a case study, we consider interactions between a structured population of zooplankton grazers and their predators. Unlike previous structured population models, which only consider variability of individuals according to the age or body size, we focus on physiological and behavioural structuring. We first experimentally demonstrate a high degree of variation of individual consumption rates in three dominant species of herbivorous copepods (Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis, Calanus euxinus) and show that this disparity implies a pronounced variation in the consumption capacities of individuals. Then we construct a parsimonious predator-prey model which takes into account the intra-population variability of prey individuals according to behavioural traits: effectively, each organism has a 'personality' of its own. Our modelling results show that structuring of prey according to their growth rate and vulnerability to predation can dampen predator-prey cycles and enhance persistence of a species, even if the resource stock for prey is unlimited. The main mechanism of efficient top-down regulation is shown to work by letting the prey population become dominated by less vulnerable individuals when predator densities are high, while the trait distribution recovers when the predator densities are low. 2015-07-14T14:27:15Z General H-theorem and Entropies that Violate the Second Law Gorban, Alexander N. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32655 2015-07-15T02:00:34Z 2015-07-14T09:29:36Z Title: General H-theorem and Entropies that Violate the Second Law Authors: Gorban, Alexander N. Abstract: H-theorem states that the entropy production is nonnegative and, therefore, the entropy of a closed system should monotonically change in time. In information processing, the entropy production is positive for random transformation of signals (the information processing lemma). Originally, the H-theorem and the information processing lemma were proved for the classical Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy and for the correspondent divergence (the relative entropy). Many new entropies and divergences have been proposed during last decades and for all of them the H-theorem is needed. This note proposes a simple and general criterion to check whether the H-theorem is valid for a convex divergence H and demonstrates that some of the popular divergences obey no H-theorem. We consider systems with n states Ai that obey first order kinetics (master equation). A convex function H is a Lyapunov function for all master equations with given equilibrium if and only if its conditional minima properly describe the equilibria of pair transitions A[subscript: i] ⇌ A[subscript: j]. This theorem does not depend on the principle of detailed balance and is valid for general Markov kinetics. Elementary analysis of pair equilibria demonstrate that the popular Bregman divergences like Euclidian distance or Itakura-Saito distance in the space of distribution cannot be the universal Lyapunov functions for the first-order kinetics and can increase in Markov processes. Therefore, they violate the second law and the information processing lemma. In particular, for these measures of information (divergences) random manipulation with data may add information to data. The main results are extended to nonlinear generalized mass action law kinetic equations. 2015-07-14T09:29:36Z On Multiple Convolutions and Time Scales Eltayeb, Hassan Kılıçman, Adem Fisher, Brian http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32609 2015-07-14T02:00:29Z 2015-07-13T10:41:59Z Title: On Multiple Convolutions and Time Scales Authors: Eltayeb, Hassan; Kılıçman, Adem; Fisher, Brian Abstract: The properties of the multiple Laplace transform and convolutions on a time scale are studied. Further, some related results are also obtained by utilizing the double Laplace transform. We also provide an example in order to illustrate the main result. 2015-07-13T10:41:59Z Inequalities and eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville problems near a singular boundary Marletta, Marco Everitt, W. N. Zettl, A. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32450 2015-07-01T02:00:25Z 2015-06-30T09:16:49Z Title: Inequalities and eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville problems near a singular boundary Authors: Marletta, Marco; Everitt, W. N.; Zettl, A. Abstract: We study the behavior of eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville problems (SLP) when an endpoint of the underlying interval approaches a singularity. 2015-06-30T09:16:49Z Approximation with Random Bases: Pro et Contra Gorban, Alexander N. Tyukin, Ivan Yu. Prokhorov, D. V. Sofeikov, Konstantin I. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32428 2015-10-01T11:29:46Z 2015-06-26T09:00:01Z Title: Approximation with Random Bases: Pro et Contra Authors: Gorban, Alexander N.; Tyukin, Ivan Yu.; Prokhorov, D. V.; Sofeikov, Konstantin I. Abstract: In this work we discuss the problem of selecting suitable approximators from families of parameterized elementary functions that are known to be dense in a Hilbert space of functions. We consider and analyze published procedures, both randomized and deterministic, for selecting elements from these families that have been shown to ensure the rate of convergence in $L_2$ norm of order $O(1/N)$, where $N$ is the number of elements. We show that both strategies are successful providing that additional information about the families of functions to be approximated is provided at the stages of learning and practical implementation. In absence of such additional information one may observe exponential growth of the number of terms needed to approximate the function and/or extreme sensitivity of the outcome of the approximation to parameters. Implications of our analysis for applications of neural networks in modeling and control are illustrated with examples. Description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0905.0677 MSC classes: 41A45, 41A45, 90C59, 92B20, 68W20 2015-06-26T09:00:01Z Leaders do not look back, or do they? Gorban, A. N. Jarman, N. Steur, E. van Leeuwen, C. Tyukin, I. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32211 2015-06-30T01:45:08Z 2015-05-07T11:08:33Z Title: Leaders do not look back, or do they? Authors: Gorban, A. N.; Jarman, N.; Steur, E.; van Leeuwen, C.; Tyukin, I. Editors: Volpert, V. Abstract: We study the effect of adding to a directed chain of interconnected systems a directed feedback from the last element in the chain to the first. The problem is closely related to the fundamental question of how a change in network topology may influence the behavior of coupled systems. We begin the analysis by investigating a simple linear system. The matrix that specifies the system dynamics is the transpose of the network Laplacian matrix, which codes the connectivity of the network. Our analysis shows that for any nonzero complex eigenvalue λ of this matrix, the following inequality holds: |ℑλ| |ℜλ| ≤ cot π n . This bound is sharp, as it becomes an equality for an eigenvalue of a simple directed cycle with uniform interaction weights. The latter has the slowest decay of oscillations among all other network configurations with the same number of states. The result is generalized to directed rings and chains of identical nonlinear oscillators. For directed rings, a lower bound σc for the connection strengths that guarantees asymptotic synchronization is found to follow a similar pattern: σc = 1 1−cos(2π/n) . Numerical analysis revealed that, depending on the network size n, multiple dynamic regimes co-exist in the state space of the system. In addition to the fully synchronous state a rotating wave solution occurs. The effect is observed in networks exceeding a certain critical size. The emergence of a rotating wave highlights the importance of long chains and loops in networks of oscillators: the larger the size of chains and loops, the more sensitive the network dynamics becomes to removal or addition of a single connection. Description: Mathematics Subject Classification: 34A30, 34D06, 34D45, 92B20, 92B25 2015-05-07T11:08:33Z Classification of symmetric special biserial algebras with at most one non-uniserial indecomposable projective Snashall, Nicole Taillefer, Rachel http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32158 2015-09-22T11:09:21Z 2015-05-07T10:12:47Z Title: Classification of symmetric special biserial algebras with at most one non-uniserial indecomposable projective Authors: Snashall, Nicole; Taillefer, Rachel Abstract: We consider a natural generalisation of symmetric Nakayama algebras, namely, symmetric special biserial algebras with at most one non-uniserial indecomposable projective module. We describe the basic algebras explicitly by quiver and relations, then classify them up to derived equivalence and up to stable equivalence of Morita type. This includes the algebras of [Bocian-Holm-Skowro\'nski, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 2004], where they study the weakly symmetric algebras of Euclidean type, as well as some algebras of dihedral type. Description: To appear in the Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. Will appear in 2015 - page proofs have been returned to journal. No date/volume/pages are available yet. 2015-05-07T10:12:47Z The center of a convex set and capital allocation Grechuk, Bogdan http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32091 2015-05-01T02:00:54Z 2015-04-30T14:53:03Z Title: The center of a convex set and capital allocation Authors: Grechuk, Bogdan Abstract: A capital allocation scheme for a company that has a random total profit Y and uses a coherent risk measure ρ has been suggested. The scheme returns a unique real number Λρ*(X,Y), which determines the capital that should be allocated to company's subsidiary with random profit X. The resulting capital allocation is linear and diversifying as defined by Kalkbrener (2005). The problem is reduced to selecting the "center" of a non-empty convex weakly compact subset of a Banach space, and the solution to the latter problem proposed by Lim (1981) has been used. Our scheme can also be applied to selecting the unique Pareto optimal allocation in a wide class of optimal risk sharing problems. 2015-04-30T14:53:03Z Computational diagnosis of canine lymphoma Mirkes, E. M. Alexandrakis, I. Slater, K. Tuli, R. Gorban, A. N. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32072 2015-04-28T02:00:14Z 2015-04-27T14:00:05Z Title: Computational diagnosis of canine lymphoma Authors: Mirkes, E. M.; Alexandrakis, I.; Slater, K.; Tuli, R.; Gorban, A. N. Editors: Vagenas, E. C.; Vlachos, D. S. Abstract: One out of four dogs will develop cancer in their lifetime and 20% of those will be lymphoma cases. PetScreen developed a lymphoma blood test using serum samples collected from several veterinary practices. The samples were fractionated and analysed by mass spectrometry. Two protein peaks, with the highest diagnostic power, were selected and further identified as acute phase proteins, C-Reactive Protein and Haptoglobin. Data mining methods were then applied to the collected data for the development of an online computer-assisted veterinary diagnostic tool. The generated software can be used as a diagnostic, monitoring and screening tool. Initially, the diagnosis of lymphoma was formulated as a classification problem and then later refined as a lymphoma risk estimation. Three methods, decision trees, kNN and probability density evaluation, were used for classification and risk estimation and several preprocessing approaches were implemented to create the diagnostic system. For the differential diagnosis the best solution gave a sensitivity and specificity of 83.5% and 77%, respectively (using three input features, CRP, Haptoglobin and standard clinical symptom). For the screening task, the decision tree method provided the best result, with sensitivity and specificity of 81.4% and >99%, respectively (using the same input features). Furthermore, the development and application of new techniques for the generation of risk maps allowed their user-friendly visualization. 2015-04-27T14:00:05Z Is it possible to predict long-term success with k-NN? Case study of four market indices (FTSE100, DAX, HANGSENG, NASDAQ) Shi, Y. Gorban, A. N. Yang, T. Y. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32035 2015-04-22T02:00:17Z 2015-04-21T14:32:46Z Title: Is it possible to predict long-term success with k-NN? Case study of four market indices (FTSE100, DAX, HANGSENG, NASDAQ) Authors: Shi, Y.; Gorban, A. N.; Yang, T. Y. Editors: Vagenas, E. C.; Vlachos, D. S. Abstract: This case study tests the possibility of prediction for 'success' (or 'winner') components of four stock & shares market indices in a time period of three years from 02-Jul-2009 to 29-Jun-2012.We compare their performance ain two time frames: initial frame three months at the beginning (02/06/2009-30/09/2009) and the final three month frame (02/04/2012-29/06/2012).To label the components, average price ratio between two time frames in descending order is computed. The average price ratio is defined as the ratio between the mean prices of the beginning and final time period. The 'winner' components are referred to the top one third of total components in the same order as average price ratio it means the mean price of final time period is relatively higher than the beginning time period. The 'loser' components are referred to the last one third of total components in the same order as they have higher mean prices of beginning time period. We analyse, is there any information about the winner-looser separation in the initial fragments of the daily closing prices log-returns time series.The Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation with k-NN algorithm is applied on the daily log-return of components using a distance and proximity in the experiment. By looking at the error analysis, it shows that for HANGSENG and DAX index, there are clear signs of possibility to evaluate the probability of long-term success. The correlation distance matrix histograms and 2-D/3-D elastic maps generated from ViDaExpert show that the 'winner' components are closer to each other and 'winner'/'loser' components are separable on elastic maps for HANGSENG and DAX index while for the negative possibility indices, there is no sign of separation. 2015-04-21T14:32:46Z Multiscale principal component analysis Akinduko, A. A. Gorban, Alexander N. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32009 2015-04-17T02:00:19Z 2015-04-16T13:57:07Z Title: Multiscale principal component analysis Authors: Akinduko, A. A.; Gorban, Alexander N. Editors: Vagenas, E. C.; Vlachos, D. S. Abstract: Principal component analysis (PCA) is an important tool in exploring data. The conventional approach to PCA leads to a solution which favours the structures with large variances. This is sensitive to outliers and could obfuscate interesting underlying structures. One of the equivalent definitions of PCA is that it seeks the subspaces that maximize the sum of squared pairwise distances between data projections. This definition opens up more flexibility in the analysis of principal components which is useful in enhancing PCA. In this paper we introduce scales into PCA by maximizing only the sum of pairwise distances between projections for pairs of datapoints with distances within a chosen interval of values [l,u]. The resulting principal component decompositions in Multiscale PCA depend on point (l,u) on the plane and for each point we define projectors onto principal components. Cluster analysis of these projectors reveals the structures in the data at various scales. Each structure is described by the eigenvectors at the medoid point of the cluster which represent the structure. We also use the distortion of projections as a criterion for choosing an appropriate scale especially for data with outliers. This method was tested on both artificial distribution of data and real data. For data with multiscale structures, the method was able to reveal the different structures of the data and also to reduce the effect of outliers in the principal component analysis. 2015-04-16T13:57:07Z Multiscale approach to pest insect monitoring: Random walks, pattern formation, synchronization, and networks Petrovskii, Sergei Petrovskaya, N. Bearup, Daniel http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31970 2015-04-11T02:03:17Z 2015-04-10T08:44:10Z Title: Multiscale approach to pest insect monitoring: Random walks, pattern formation, synchronization, and networks Authors: Petrovskii, Sergei; Petrovskaya, N.; Bearup, Daniel Abstract: Pest insects pose a significant threat to food production worldwide resulting in annual losses worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Pest control attempts to prevent pest outbreaks that could otherwise destroy a sward. It is good practice in integrated pest management to recommend control actions (usually pesticides application) only when the pest density exceeds a certain threshold. Accurate estimation of pest population density in ecosystems, especially in agro-ecosystems, is therefore very important, and this is the overall goal of the pest insect monitoring. However, this is a complex and challenging task; providing accurate information about pest abundance is hardly possible without taking into account the complexity of ecosystems' dynamics, in particular, the existence of multiple scales. In the case of pest insects, monitoring has three different spatial scales, each of them having their own scale-specific goal and their own approaches to data collection and interpretation. In this paper, we review recent progress in mathematical models and methods applied at each of these scales and show how it helps to improve the accuracy and robustness of pest population density estimation. 2015-04-10T08:44:10Z Some analytical and numerical approaches to understanding trap counts resulting from pest insect immigration. Bearup, D. Petrovskaya, N. Petrovskii, Sergei http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31969 2015-04-11T02:03:12Z 2015-04-10T08:35:29Z Title: Some analytical and numerical approaches to understanding trap counts resulting from pest insect immigration. Authors: Bearup, D.; Petrovskaya, N.; Petrovskii, Sergei Abstract: Monitoring of pest insects is an important part of the integrated pest management. It aims to provide information about pest insect abundance at a given location. This includes data collection, usually using traps, and their subsequent analysis and/or interpretation. However, interpretation of trap count (number of insects caught over a fixed time) remains a challenging problem. First, an increase in either the population density or insects activity can result in a similar increase in the number of insects trapped (the so called "activity-density" problem). Second, a genuine increase of the local population density can be attributed to qualitatively different ecological mechanisms such as multiplication or immigration. Identification of the true factor causing an increase in trap count is important as different mechanisms require different control strategies. In this paper, we consider a mean-field mathematical model of insect trapping based on the diffusion equation. Although the diffusion equation is a well-studied model, its analytical solution in closed form is actually available only for a few special cases, whilst in a more general case the problem has to be solved numerically. We choose finite differences as the baseline numerical method and show that numerical solution of the problem, especially in the realistic 2D case, is not at all straightforward as it requires a sufficiently accurate approximation of the diffusion fluxes. Once the numerical method is justified and tested, we apply it to the corresponding boundary problem where different types of boundary forcing describe different scenarios of pest insect immigration and reveal the corresponding patterns in the trap count growth. 2015-04-10T08:35:29Z Are time delays always destabilizing? Revisiting the role of time delays and the Allee effect Jankovic, Masha Petrovskii, Sergei http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31968 2015-06-03T01:45:06Z 2015-04-10T08:27:00Z Title: Are time delays always destabilizing? Revisiting the role of time delays and the Allee effect Authors: Jankovic, Masha; Petrovskii, Sergei Abstract: One of the main challenges in ecology is to determine the cause of population fluctuations. Both theoretical and empirical studies suggest that delayed density dependence instigates cyclic behavior in many populations; however, underlying mechanisms through which this occurs are often difficult to determine and may vary within species. In this paper, we consider single species population dynamics affected by the Allee effect coupled with discrete time delay. We use two different mathematical formulations of the Allee effect and analyze (both analytically and numerically) the role of time delay in different feedback mechanisms such as competition and cooperation. The bifurcation value of the delay (that results in the Hopf bifurcation) as a function of the strength of the Allee effect is obtained analytically. Interestingly, depending on the chosen delayed mechanism, even a large time delay may not necessarily lead to instability. We also show that, in case the time delay affects positive feedback (such as cooperation), the population dynamics can lead to self-organized formation of intermediate quasi-stationary states. Finally, we discuss ecological implications of our findings. 2015-04-10T08:27:00Z On the composition of the distributions x-s+ lnmx+ and xμ+ Fisher, Brian http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31949 2015-04-01T02:00:13Z 2015-03-31T10:48:47Z Title: On the composition of the distributions x-s+ lnmx+ and xμ+ Authors: Fisher, Brian Abstract: Let F be a distribution and let f be a locally summable function. The distribution F(f) is defined as the neutrix limit of the sequence {Fn(f)}, where Fn(x) = F(x)*δn(x) and {δn(x)} is a certain sequence of infinitely differentiable functions converging to the Dirac delta-function δ(x). The composition of the distributions x-s + lnm x+ and xμ + is proved to exist and be equal to μmx-sμ + lnm x+ for μ > 0 and s,m = 1, 2,.... Description: 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 46F10 2015-03-31T10:48:47Z New Langevin and Gradient Thermostats for Rigid Body Dynamics Davidchack, Ruslan L. Ouldridge, T. E. Tretyakov, M. V. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31940 2015-10-09T02:00:10Z 2015-03-30T09:07:46Z Title: New Langevin and Gradient Thermostats for Rigid Body Dynamics Authors: Davidchack, Ruslan L.; Ouldridge, T. E.; Tretyakov, M. V. Abstract: We introduce two new thermostats, one of Langevin type and one of gradient (Brownian) type, for rigid body dynamics. We formulate rotation using the quaternion representation of angular coordinates; both thermostats preserve the unit length of quaternions. The Langevin thermostat also ensures that the conjugate angular momenta stay within the tangent space of the quaternion coordinates, as required by the Hamiltonian dynamics of rigid bodies. We have constructed three geometric numerical integrators for the Langevin thermostat and one for the gradient thermostat. The numerical integrators reflect key properties of the thermostats themselves. Namely, they all preserve the unit length of quaternions, automatically, without the need of a projection onto the unit sphere. The Langevin integrators also ensure that the angular momenta remain within the tangent space of the quaternion coordinates. The Langevin integrators are quasi-symplectic and of weak order two. The numerical method for the gradient thermostat is of weak order one. Its construction exploits ideas of Lie-group type integrators for differential equations on manifolds. We numerically compare the discretization errors of the Langevin integrators, as well as the efficiency of the gradient integrator compared to the Langevin ones when used in the simulation of rigid TIP4P water model with smoothly truncated electrostatic interactions. We observe that the gradient integrator is computationally less efficient than the Langevin integrators. We also compare the relative accuracy of the Langevin integrators in evaluating various static quantities and give recommendations as to the choice of an appropriate integrator. Description: AMS 2000 subject classification. 65C30, 60H35, 60H10. 2015-03-30T09:07:46Z Segal-type algebraic models of n-types Blanc, D. Paoli, Simona http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31938 2015-04-01T02:00:14Z 2015-03-30T08:45:24Z Title: Segal-type algebraic models of n-types Authors: Blanc, D.; Paoli, Simona Abstract: For each n ≥ 1, we introduce two new Segal-type models of n-types of topological spaces: weakly globular n-fold groupoids, and a lax version of these. We show that any n-type can be represented up to homotopy by such models via an explicit algebraic fundamental n-fold groupoid functor. We compare these models to Tamsamani's weak n-groupoids, and extract from them a model for (k − 1)- connected n-types. Description: Mathematical Subject Classification 2000 Primary: 55S45 Secondary: 18G50, 18B40 2015-03-30T08:45:24Z The weakly globular double category of fractions of a category Paoli, Simona Pronk, D. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31937 2015-04-01T01:45:07Z 2015-03-30T08:34:24Z Title: The weakly globular double category of fractions of a category Authors: Paoli, Simona; Pronk, D. Abstract: This paper introduces the construction of a weakly globular double category of fractions for a category and studies its universal properties. It shows that this double category is locally small and considers a couple of concrete examples. Description: 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 18D05, 18E35 2015-03-30T08:34:24Z A circular order on edge-coloured trees and RNA m-diagrams Marsh, Robert J. Schroll, Sibylle http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31820 2015-03-10T02:02:11Z 2015-03-09T10:16:25Z Title: A circular order on edge-coloured trees and RNA m-diagrams Authors: Marsh, Robert J.; Schroll, Sibylle Abstract: We study a circular order on labelled, m-edge-coloured trees with k vertices, and show that the set of such trees with a fixed circular order is in bijection with the set of RNA m-diagrams of degree k, combinatorial objects which can be regarded as RNA secondary structures of a certain kind. We enumerate these sets and show that the set of trees with a fixed circular order can be characterized as an equivalence class for the transitive closure of an operation which, in the case m=3, arises as an induction in the context of interval exchange transformations. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Description: 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 05C05, 05A15; Secondary: 37B10 2015-03-09T10:16:25Z Extensions in Jacobian Algebras and Cluster Categories of Marked Surfaces Canakci, Ilke Schroll, Sibylle http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31819 2015-10-30T10:43:38Z 2015-03-09T10:08:08Z Title: Extensions in Jacobian Algebras and Cluster Categories of Marked Surfaces Authors: Canakci, Ilke; Schroll, Sibylle Abstract: In the context of representation theory of finite dimensional algebras, string algebras have been extensively studied and almost all aspects of their representation theory are well-understood. One exception to this is the classification of extensions between indecomposable modules. In this paper we explicitly describe such extensions for a class of string algebras, namely gentle algebras associated to surface triangulations. These algebras arise as Jacobian algebras of unpunctured surfaces. We give bases of their extension spaces and show that the dimensions of these extension spaces are given in terms of crossing arcs in the surface. Our approach is new and consists of interpreting snake graphs as indecomposable modules. To give a complete answer, we need to work in the associated cluster category where we explicitly calculate the middle terms of extensions and give a basis of the extension space. We note that not all extensions in the cluster category give rise to extensions for the Jacobian algebra. Description: Generalized the results to include self-extensions, Added a new section containing an example, New abstract, Added a new result on snake graphs, Minor corrections, 31 pages, 14 figures. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: 13F60, 16P10, 18G15, 18E30 2015-03-09T10:08:08Z Trivial Extensions of Gentle Algebras and Brauer Graph Algebras Schroll, Sibylle http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31818 2015-09-15T09:05:35Z 2015-03-09T10:05:05Z Title: Trivial Extensions of Gentle Algebras and Brauer Graph Algebras Authors: Schroll, Sibylle Abstract: We show that two well-studied classes of tame algebras coincide: namely, the class of symmetric special biserial algebras coincides with the class of Brauer graph algebras. We then explore the connection between gentle algebras and symmetric special biserial algebras by explicitly determining the trivial extension of a gentle algebra by its minimal injective co-generator. This is a symmetric special biserial algebra and hence a Brauer graph algebra of which we explicitly give the Brauer graph. We further show that a Brauer graph algebra gives rise, via admissible cuts, to many gentle algebras and that the trivial extension of a gentle algebra obtained via an admissible cut is the original Brauer graph algebra. As a consequence we prove that the trivial extension of a Jacobian algebra of an ideal triangulation of a Riemann surface with marked points in the boundary is isomorphic to the Brauer graph algebra with Brauer graph given by the arcs of the triangulation. Description: Added an example. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 16G10, 16G20; Secondary 16S99, 13F60 2015-03-09T10:05:05Z The geometry of Brauer graph algebras and cluster mutations Marsh, Robert J. Schroll, Sibylle http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31817 2015-03-10T02:02:12Z 2015-03-09T09:51:31Z Title: The geometry of Brauer graph algebras and cluster mutations Authors: Marsh, Robert J.; Schroll, Sibylle Abstract: In this paper we establish a connection between ribbon graphs and Brauer graphs. As a result, we show that a compact oriented surface with marked points gives rise to a unique Brauer graph algebra up to derived equivalence. In the case of a disc with marked points we show that a dual construction in terms of dual graphs exists. The rotation of a diagonal in an m-angulation gives rise to a Whitehead move in the dual graph, and we explicitly construct a tilting complex on the related Brauer graph algebras reflecting this geometrical move. Description: MSC primary, 16G10, 16G20, 16E35; secondary, 13F60, 14J10 2015-03-09T09:51:31Z A circular order on edge-coloured trees and RNA m-diagrams Marsh, Robert J. Schroll, Sibylle http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31816 2015-03-10T02:02:14Z 2015-03-09T09:45:40Z Title: A circular order on edge-coloured trees and RNA m-diagrams Authors: Marsh, Robert J.; Schroll, Sibylle Abstract: We study a circular order on labelled, m-edge-coloured trees with k vertices, and show that the set of such trees with a fixed circular order is in bijection with the set of RNA m-diagrams of degree k , combinatorial objects which can be regarded as RNA secondary structures of a certain kind. We enumerate these sets and show that the set of trees with a fixed circular order can be characterized as an equivalence class for the transitive closure of an operation which, in the case m=3, arises as an induction in the context of interval exchange transformations. 2015-03-09T09:45:40Z The Ext algebra of a Brauer graph algebra Green, Edward L. Schroll, Sibylle Snashall, Nicole Taillefer, Rachel http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31815 2015-10-22T14:03:06Z 2015-03-09T09:37:28Z Title: The Ext algebra of a Brauer graph algebra Authors: Green, Edward L.; Schroll, Sibylle; Snashall, Nicole; Taillefer, Rachel Abstract: In this paper we study finite generation of the Ext algebra of a Brauer graph algebra by determining the degrees of the generators. As a consequence we characterize the Brauer graph algebras that are Koszul and those that are K[subscript: 2]. Description: Minor changes only. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 16G20, 16S37, 16E05, 16E30 2015-03-09T09:37:28Z Group actions and coverings of Brauer graph algebras Green, E. L. Schroll, Sibylle Snashall, Nicole http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31808 2015-03-07T02:02:39Z 2015-03-06T16:08:02Z Title: Group actions and coverings of Brauer graph algebras Authors: Green, E. L.; Schroll, Sibylle; Snashall, Nicole Abstract: We develop a theory of group actions and coverings on Brauer graphs that parallels the theory of group actions and coverings of algebras. In particular, we show that any Brauer graph can be covered by a tower of coverings of Brauer graphs such that the topmost covering has multiplicity function identically one, no loops, and no multiple edges. Furthermore, we classify the coverings of Brauer graph algebras that are again Brauer graph algebras. Description: 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 05E18, 16G20; Secondary 14E20, 16W50, 58E40 2015-03-06T16:08:02Z Gaussian process regression with multiple response variables Wang, Bo Chen, Tau http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31763 2015-03-05T02:02:22Z 2015-03-04T15:57:18Z Title: Gaussian process regression with multiple response variables Authors: Wang, Bo; Chen, Tau Abstract: Gaussian process regression (GPR) is a Bayesian non-parametric technology that has gained extensive application in data-based modelling of various systems, including those of interest to chemometrics. However, most GPR implementations model only a single response variable, due to the difficulty in the formulation of covariance function for correlated multiple response variables, which describes not only the correlation between data points, but also the correlation between responses. In the paper we propose a direct formulation of the covariance function for multi-response GPR, based on the idea that its covariance function is assumed to be the "nominal" uni-output covariance multiplied by the covariances between different outputs. The effectiveness of the proposed multi-response GPR method is illustrated through numerical examples and response surface modelling of a catalytic reaction process. 2015-03-04T15:57:18Z n-Fold groupoids, n-types and n-track categories Blanc, David Paoli, Simona http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31752 2015-10-30T16:48:23Z 2015-03-04T11:33:24Z Title: n-Fold groupoids, n-types and n-track categories Authors: Blanc, David; Paoli, Simona Abstract: For each n ≥ 1, we introduce two new Segal-type models of ntypes of topological spaces: weakly globular n-fold groupoids, and a lax version of these. We show that any n-type can be represented up to homotopy by such models via an explicit algebraic fundamental n-fold groupoid functor. We compare these models to Tamsamani's weak n-groupoids, and extract from them a model for (k − 1)-connected n-types. Description: 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 55S45; 18G50, 18B40 2015-03-04T11:33:24Z Minimum Distance Estimation of Milky Way Model Parameters and Related Inference Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya, S. Basu, A. Bose, S. Chakrabarty, Dalia Mukherjee, S. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31616 2015-02-06T02:01:52Z 2015-02-05T14:31:58Z Title: Minimum Distance Estimation of Milky Way Model Parameters and Related Inference Authors: Banerjee, S.; Bhattacharya, S.; Basu, A.; Bose, S.; Chakrabarty, Dalia; Mukherjee, S. Abstract: We propose a method to estimate the location of the Sun in the disk of the Milky Way using a method based on the Hellinger distance and construct confidence sets on our estimate of the unknown location using a bootstrap based method. Assuming the Galactic disk to be two-dimensional, the sought solar location then reduces to the radial distance separating the Sun from the Galactic center and the angular separation of the Galactic center to Sun line, from a pre-fixed line on the disk. On astronomical scales, the unknown solar location is equivalent to the location of us earthlings who observe the velocities of a sample of stars in the neighborhood of the Sun. This unknown location is estimated by undertaking pairwise comparisons of the estimated density of the observed set of velocities of the sampled stars, with the density estimated using synthetic stellar velocity data sets generated at chosen locations in the Milky Way disk. The synthetic data sets are generated at a number of locations that we choose from within a constructed grid, at four different base astrophysical models of the Galaxy. Thus, we work with one observed stellar velocity data and four distinct sets of simulated data comprising a number of synthetic velocity data vectors, each generated at a chosen location. For a given base astrophysical model that gives rise to one such simulated data set, the chosen location within our constructed grid at which the estimated density of the generated synthetic data best matches the density of the observed data, is used as an estimate for the location at which the observed data was realized. In other words, the chosen location corresponding to the highest match offers an estimate of the solar coordinates in the Milky Way disk. The "match" between the pair of estimated densities is parameterized by the affinity measure based on the familiar Hellinger distance. We perform a novel cross-validation procedure to establish a desirable "consistency" property of the proposed method. 2015-02-05T14:31:58Z Inverse Bayesian Estimation of Gravitational Mass Density in Galaxies from Missing Kinematic Data Chakrabarty, Dalia Saha, P. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31604 2015-02-05T02:02:06Z 2015-02-04T17:07:47Z Title: Inverse Bayesian Estimation of Gravitational Mass Density in Galaxies from Missing Kinematic Data Authors: Chakrabarty, Dalia; Saha, P. Abstract: In this paper, we focus on a type of inverse problem in which the data are expressed as an unknown function of the sought and unknown model function (or its discretised representation as a model parameter vector). In particular, we deal with situations in which training data are not available. Then we cannot model the unknown functional relationship between data and the unknown model function (or parameter vector) with a Gaussian Process of appropriate dimensionality. A Bayesian method based on state space modelling is advanced instead. Within this framework, the likelihood is expressed in terms of the probability density function (pdf) of the state space variable and the sought model parameter vector is embedded within the domain of this pdf. As the measurable vector lives only inside an identified sub-volume of the system state space, the pdf of the state space variable is projected onto the space of the measurables, and it is in terms of the projected state space density that the likelihood is written; the final form of the likelihood is achieved after convolution with the distribution of measurement errors. Application motivated vague priors are invoked and the posterior probability density of the model parameter vectors, given the data are computed. Inference is performed by taking posterior samples with adaptive MCMC. The method is illustrated on synthetic as well as real galactic data. 2015-02-04T17:07:47Z Bayesian Density Estimation via Multiple Sequential Inversions of 2-D Images with Application in Electron Microscopy Chakrabarty, Dalia Rigat, F. Gabrielyan, N. Beanland, R. Paul, S. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31575 2015-02-05T02:02:00Z 2015-02-04T10:02:57Z Title: Bayesian Density Estimation via Multiple Sequential Inversions of 2-D Images with Application in Electron Microscopy Authors: Chakrabarty, Dalia; Rigat, F.; Gabrielyan, N.; Beanland, R.; Paul, S. Abstract: We present a new Bayesian methodology to learn the unknown material density of a given sample by inverting its two-dimensional images that are taken with a Scanning Electron Microscope. An image results from a sequence of projections of the convolution of the density function with the unknown microscopy correction function that we also learn from the data; thus learning of the unknowns demands multiple inversions. We invoke a novel design of experiment, involving imaging at multiple values of the parameter that controls the sub-surface depth from which information about the density structure is carried, to result in the image. Real-life material density functions are characterized by high density contrasts and are highly discontinuous, implying that they exhibit correlation structures that do not vary smoothly. In the absence of training data, modeling such correlation structures of real material density functions is not possible. So we discretize the material sample and treat values of the density function at chosen locations inside it as independent and distribution-free parameters. Resolution of the available image dictates the discretization length of the model; three models pertaining to distinct resolution classes (at μm to nano metre scale lengths) are developed. We develop priors on the material density, such that these priors adapt to the sparsity inherent in the density function. The likelihood is defined in terms of the distance between the convolution of the unknown functions and the image data. The posterior probability density of the unknowns given the data is expressed using the developed priors on the density and priors on the microscopy correction function as elicited from the Microscopy literature. We achieve posterior samples using an adaptive Metropolis-within-Gibbs inference scheme. The method is applied to learn the material density of a 3-D sample of a nano-structure, using real image data. Illustrations on simulated image data of alloy samples are also included 2015-02-04T10:02:57Z On time scale invariance of random walks in confined space. Bearup, Daniel Petrovskii, Sergei http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31448 2015-01-21T02:01:39Z 2015-01-20T14:49:30Z Title: On time scale invariance of random walks in confined space. Authors: Bearup, Daniel; Petrovskii, Sergei Abstract: Animal movement is often modelled on an individual level using simulated random walks. In such applications it is preferable that the properties of these random walks remain consistent when the choice of time is changed (time scale invariance). While this property is well understood in unbounded space, it has not been studied in detail for random walks in a confined domain. In this work we undertake an investigation of time scale invariance of the drift and diffusion rates of Brownian random walks subject to one of four simple boundary conditions. We find that time scale invariance is lost when the boundary condition is non-conservative, that is when movement (or individuals) is discarded due to boundary encounters. Where possible analytical results are used to describe the limits of the time scaling process, numerical results are then used to characterise the intermediate behaviour. 2015-01-20T14:49:30Z hp-Version discontinuous Galerkin methods on polygonal and polyhedral meshes Cangiani, Andrea Georgoulis, Emmanuil H. Houston, Paul http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28886 2015-03-12T02:45:05Z 2014-06-02T12:47:49Z Title: hp-Version discontinuous Galerkin methods on polygonal and polyhedral meshes Authors: Cangiani, Andrea; Georgoulis, Emmanuil H.; Houston, Paul Abstract: An hp-version interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method (DGFEM) for the numerical solution of second-order elliptic partial differential equations on general computational meshes consisting of polygonal/polyhedral elements is presented and analyzed. Utilizing a bounding box concept, the method employs elemental polynomial bases of total degree p (P[subscript p]-basis) defined on the physical space, without the need to map from a given reference or canonical frame. This, together with a new specific choice of the interior penalty parameter which allows for face-degeneration, ensures that optimal a priori bounds may be established, for general meshes including polygonal elements with degenerating edges in two dimensions and polyhedral elements with degenerating faces and/or edges in three dimensions. Numerical experiments highlighting the performance of the proposed method are presented. Moreover, the competitiveness of the p-version DGFEM employing a P[subscript p]-basis in comparison to the conforming p-version finite element method on tensor-product elements is studied numerically for a simple test problem. Description: Electronic version of an article published as Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 24 (10), 2014, DOI:10.1142/S0218202514500146 © copyright World Scientific Publishing Company http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0218202514500146 2014-06-02T12:47:49Z A statistical model of aggregate fragmentation Spahn, F. Vieira Neto, E. Guimaraes, A. H. F. Gorban, Alexander N. Brilliantov, N. V. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28811 2014-05-17T01:01:28Z 2014-05-16T13:26:45Z Title: A statistical model of aggregate fragmentation Authors: Spahn, F.; Vieira Neto, E.; Guimaraes, A. H. F.; Gorban, Alexander N.; Brilliantov, N. V. Abstract: A statistical model of fragmentation of aggregates is proposed, based on the stochastic propagation of cracks through the body. The propagation rules are formulated on a lattice and mimic two important features of the process—a crack moves against the stress gradient while dissipating energy during its growth. We perform numerical simulations of the model for two-dimensional lattice and reveal that the mass distribution for small- and intermediate-size fragments obeys a power law, F(m)∝m[superscript −3/2], in agreement with experimental observations. We develop an analytical theory which explains the detected power law and demonstrate that the overall fragment mass distribution in our model agrees qualitatively with that one observed in experiments. 2014-05-16T13:26:45Z The input-output relationship approach to structural identifiability analysis Bearup, Daniel J. Evans, Neil D. Chappell, Michael J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28585 2014-02-13T02:02:03Z 2014-02-12T14:16:49Z Title: The input-output relationship approach to structural identifiability analysis Authors: Bearup, Daniel J.; Evans, Neil D.; Chappell, Michael J. Abstract: Analysis of the identifiability of a given model system is an essential prerequisite to the determination of model parameters from physical data. However, the tools available for the analysis of non-linear systems can be limited both in applicability and by computational intractability for any but the simplest of models. The input-output relation of a model summarises the input-output structure of the whole system and as such provides the potential for an alternative approach to this analysis. However for this approach to be valid it is necessary to determine whether the monomials of a differential polynomial are linearly independent. A simple test for this property is presented in this work. The derivation and analysis of this relation can be implemented symbolically within Maple. These techniques are applied to analyse classical models from biomedical systems modelling and those of enzyme catalysed reaction schemes. 2014-02-12T14:16:49Z Adaptive discontinuous Galerkin methods for nonstationary convection–diffusion problems Cangiani, Andrea Georgoulis, Emmanuil H. Metcalfe, Stephen http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28539 2014-10-30T02:45:05Z 2014-01-23T09:55:27Z Title: Adaptive discontinuous Galerkin methods for nonstationary convection–diffusion problems Authors: Cangiani, Andrea; Georgoulis, Emmanuil H.; Metcalfe, Stephen Abstract: This work is concerned with the derivation of a robust a posteriori error estimator for a discontinuous Galerkin (dG) method discretization of a linear nonstationary convection–diffusion initial/boundary value problem and with the implementation of a corresponding adaptive algorithm. More specifically, we derive a posteriori bounds for the error in the L[superscript 2](H[superscript 1]) + L∞(L[superscript 2])-type norm for an interior penalty dG discretization in space and a backward Euler discretization in time. Finally, an adaptive algorithm is proposed utilizing the error estimator. Optimal rate of convergence of the adaptive algorithm is observed in a number of test problems and for various Pèclet numbers. 2014-01-23T09:55:27Z On the composition and neutrix composition of the delta function with the hyperbolic tangent and its inverse functions Fisher, Brian Kılıcman, Adem http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28477 2015-07-01T08:52:50Z 2013-12-04T15:41:51Z Title: On the composition and neutrix composition of the delta function with the hyperbolic tangent and its inverse functions Authors: Fisher, Brian; Kılıcman, Adem Abstract: Let F be a distribution in D[superscript 1] and let f be a locally summable function. The composition F(f(x)) of F and f is said to exist and be equal to the distribution h(x) if the limit of the sequence {F[subscript n](f(x))} is equal to h(x), where F[subscript n](x)= F(x) ∗ δ[subscript n](x) for n = 1, 2, . . . and {δ[subscript n](x)} is a certain regular sequence converging to the Dirac delta function. It is proved that the neutrix composition δ([superscript rs-1])((tanh x[subscript +])[superscript 1/r]) exists and δ([superscript rs-1])((tanh x[subscript +])[superscript 1/r]) = ∑[superscript s-1, subscript k=0] ∑[superscript K[subscript k], subscript i=0] ((-1)[superscript k]c[subscript s-2i-1,k] (rs)!/2sk!)δ([superscript k])(x) for r,s = 1, 2, . . ., where K[subscript k] is the integer part of (s-k-1)/2 and the constants c[subscript j,k] are defined by the expansion (tanh[superscript -1]x)superscript k = {∑[superscript ∞, subscript i=0] (x[superscript 2i+1]/(2i + 1))}[superscript k] = ∑[superscript ∞, subscript j=k] c[subscript j,k]x[superscript j], for k = 0,1,2,.... Further results also provided. 2013-12-04T15:41:51Z On the Neutrix Composition of the Delta and Inverse Hyperbolic Sine Functions Fisher, Brian Kılıcman, Adem http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28476 2013-12-05T02:02:00Z 2013-12-04T14:56:21Z Title: On the Neutrix Composition of the Delta and Inverse Hyperbolic Sine Functions Authors: Fisher, Brian; Kılıcman, Adem Abstract: Let F be a distribution in D[superscript 1] and let f be a locally summable function. The composition F(f(x)) of F and f is said to exist and be equal to the distribution h(x) if the limit of the sequence {F[subscript n](f(x))} is equal to h(x), where F[subscript n](x)= F(x) ∗ δ[subscript n](x) for n = 1, 2, . . . and {δ[subscript n](x)} is a certain regular sequence converging to the Dirac delta function. In the ordinary sense, the composition δ([superscript s])[(sinh[superscript −1]x[subscript +])[superscript r] does not exists. In this study, it is proved that the neutrix composition δ([superscript s])[(sinh[superscript −1]x[subscript +])[superscript r] exists and is given by δ([superscript s])[(sinh[superscript −1]x[subscript +])[superscript r] = ∑[superscript sr+r-1, subscript k=0] ∑[superscript k, subscript i=0] ([superscript k, subscript i]) ((-1)[superscript k] rc[subscript s,k,i]/2[superscript k+1]k!)δ([superscript k])(x), for s = 0, 1, 2, . . . and r = 1, 2, . . ., where c[subscript s,k,i] = (−1)[superscript s]s![(k − 2i + 1)[superscript rs−1] + (k − 2i − 1)[superscript rs+r−1]/(2(rs + r − 1)!). Further results are also proved. 2013-12-04T14:56:21Z Further Results on the Dilogarithm Integral Jolevska-Tuneska, Biljana Fisher, Brian http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28472 2015-07-01T08:58:59Z 2013-12-03T16:35:00Z Title: Further Results on the Dilogarithm Integral Authors: Jolevska-Tuneska, Biljana; Fisher, Brian Abstract: The dilogarithm integral Li(x[superscript s]) and its associated functions Li[subscript +](x[superscript s]) and Li[subscript -](x[superscript s]) are defined as locally summable functions on the real line. Some convolutions and neutrix convolutions of these functions and other functions are then found. 2013-12-03T16:35:00Z Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Mass Transfer through Semi-Permeable Membranes Cangiani, Andrea Georgoulis, Emmanuil H. Jensen, Max http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28090 2013-11-06T02:01:58Z 2013-08-27T15:28:56Z Title: Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Mass Transfer through Semi-Permeable Membranes Authors: Cangiani, Andrea; Georgoulis, Emmanuil H.; Jensen, Max Abstract: A discontinuous Galerkin (dG) method for the numerical solution of initial/boundary value multi-compartment partial differential equation (PDE) models, interconnected with interface conditions, is presented and analysed. The study of interface problems is motivated by models of mass transfer of solutes through semi-permeable membranes. More specifically, a model problem consisting of a system of semilinear parabolic advection-diffusion-reaction partial differential equations in each compartment, equipped with respective initial and boundary conditions, is considered. Nonlinear interface conditions modelling selective permeability, congestion and partial reflection are applied to the compartment interfaces. An interior penalty dG method is presented for this problem and it is analysed in the space-discrete setting. The a priori analysis shows that the method yields optimal a priori bounds, provided the exact solution is sufficiently smooth. Numerical experiments indicate agreement with the theoretical bounds and highlight the stability of the numerical method in the advection-dominated regime. 2013-08-27T15:28:56Z


text: teacher pay Will Teachers Go To Idaho For $40,000? By Jessica Robinson • Feb 2, 2015 Jessica Robinson Listen Listening... / 4:34 Starting salary for Idaho teachers is lower than in Washington, Oregon and three other surrounding states. Superintendents in Idaho border towns say that has left them with shortages. The salary for a first-year teacher in Idaho is around $31,000. It doesn't help that St. Maries, a school district in north Idaho, is only 30 miles from Washington, where the teacher starting salary is 15 percent higher and teachers move up the pay scale much faster. Key Washington lawmaker calls for K-12 pay raises next year OLYMPIA, Wash. – Washington teachers are woefully underpaid. That's the conclusion of a draft legislative task force report. Now a key Washington state lawmaker says teachers and other school employees deserve at least a cost-of-living pay raise next year. Twelve years ago, Washington voters approved Initiative 732. It requires annual pay increases for K-12 employees. The initiative didn't come with any funding.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
DANBURY, Conn., May 22, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- FuelCell Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq:FCEL), a global leader in the design, manufacture, operation and service of ultra-clean, efficient and reliable fuel cell power plants, announced today it will release its second quarter 2013 financial results after the Market Close on Wednesday, June 5, 2013.
- The live webcast of this call will be available on the Company website at www.fuelcellenergy.com . To listen to the call, select 'Investors' on the home page, then click on 'events & presentations' and then click on 'Listen to the webcast'
- Alternatively, participants in the U.S. or Canada can dial 877-303-7005
- Outside the U.S. and Canada, please call 678-809-1045
- The passcode is 'FuelCell Energy'
- From the U.S. and Canada please dial 855-859-2056
- Outside the U.S. or Canada please call 404-537-3406
- Enter confirmation code 75510477
CONTACT: FuelCell Energy, Inc. 203-825-6153 email@example.com


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Monday, August 13, 2007
1 comments
No one can put you in the gym or buy you a workout dvd and expect you to just workout?! You have to make yourself get up out of the chair & do 2 minutes increments if that's all we can do! I have to make the effort to look good! I maybe cute in ... Read more
Sunday, August 12, 2007
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It's hot in the Chi & I'm trying to keep cool! I want to walk 12 miles but I know that I also need to do it in time. The more I try to relax the more my body screams I should be moving something! So I move it!
Getting in touch with my inner... Read more
Saturday, August 11, 2007
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Seeing the results from walking and working my butt off, not just because its part of the program but because I LOVE IT!! I like seeing the results but I LOVE THE CHALLENGE!! Walking seems so easy and I can do it anywhere, at home, at the office... Read more
Thursday, August 09, 2007
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I am trying to have a day with "no sweet," but I need to offset some of the meat (chicken, turkey & pork sausage) so I will need to eat some sweets. So I have to get some carbs in my system.
On another note, I have been looking a quite a f... Read more
Wednesday, August 08, 2007
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It takes a minute to fall in love with someone but it takes a lifetime to forget them. Some times you can miss someone or something so much you just want to pick them from your memories and give them a hug. I am so glad that I show Maxxy so much... Read more
Tuesday, August 07, 2007
3 comments
It seems as though he was everywhere & now that he is gone, its like a disappearing act! I see him out the corner of my eye but yet is it a figment of my imagination or knowing he has been such a "HUGE" chunk in my life that being without him is... Read more
Sunday, August 05, 2007
1 comments
Today is a beautiful day here in Chicago but my bestfriend & baby is severly sick & may have to be put down?! I love Maxx (Boxer) my beloved dog & companion, he has been here for so many years its going to be hard not imagine him here underfoot.... Read more
Monday, July 02, 2007
4 comments
I look around this site & so many vibrant, strong-willed, beautiful & fun-loving people are here, that I KNOW this is the space to be! I am addicted & this is so powerful for me that I know that I will be healthier & stronger & focused!!!... Read more


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Let no one tell you that they are too fat or out of shape to surrender their cars. A large proportion of the folks on RAGBRAI were obese - perhaps half - and yet they were riding 50-80 miles a day. Three miles to downtown should not be a problem. A mile to the grocery store? No big deal.
Yet even the folks on RAGBRAI, interested in cycling and presumably with some experience on a bike, would need some help getting started. A fairly large proportion of these riders wouldn't last a week in urban traffic. These folks ARE genuinely unsafe on roads. They don't look before changing road position. In the evenings in town they ride the wrong way, blow through stop signs, and make turns from the wrong lanes.
(As an aside, my kids started measuring the potential for a goofball maneuver based on various criteria. The biggest generic point values? Adjustable stem with aero bars, fat, male, and "wobblers" - those who mash the pedals so hard that the bike wobbles to and fro. They also shied away from those with Upper Iowa University jerseys.)


text: Special Olympics Mexico Athletes participate in a sports clinic with Michael PhelpsIael Bielorai | مايو 27, 2014 | Latin America: Mexico On May 4th in Los Cabos, Mexico as part of the partnership between Special Olympics International and The Michael Phelps Foundation and during the Annual Golf Tournament of the Foundation, two Special Olympics Mexico athletes had the opportunity to share time and learn from their idol, the American swimmer and multiple Olympic medalist Michael Phelps. Adrian Dominguez Ensenada and Angel Sánchez, Special Olympics Mexico athletes where invited by The Michael Phelps Foundation to participate in a sports clinic with the Olympic record-breaking swimmer Michael Phelps. During the swimming clinic, Michael taught the athletes some of his winning techniques and advised them on the technical aspects of the sports. Furthermore, he had a chance to spent time with the athletes and talk about their shared passion for swimming. Cathy Bennet, Michael Phelps trainer from his childhood and Patricia Guerra, Special Olympics Mexico´s Ambassadress and recognized swimmer also participated.


text:
November 30, 2015
Two robbery suspects remain on the run Friday morning and police need your help to find them.
Authorities say Taurus Terrell Simpson and Quinton Parrish tried robbing a man at gunpoint in the parking lot of a Dothan convenience store.
But during the incident, the victim fought back, and the suspects lost their twenty-two caliber rifle before both fled on foot.
Authorities don't want to condone fighting back against someone who is armed, but police say the suspects did get the short end of the stick during the fight in front of the Food Basket on Columbia Highway.
Lucky for police, one of the suspects lost something very valuable during the struggle, his wallet.
Both suspects are on warrants for first degree robbery.
If you have any information, please call the Dothan Police Department at 615-3604.
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In the slideshow below we'll be keeping track of the latest major U.S. food -- and food-related -- recalls.
Perdue Farms is recalling 50,688 packages of frozen cooked chicken nuggets because a small, bright blue plastic ring fell into the chicken nugget mixture as they were formed. Although most packages were most likely not affected, Perdue Farms is recalling all 1-pound, 13-ounce bags of "GREAT VALUE Fully Cooked Chicken Nuggets," Slash Food reports. (Photo from USDA.gov via Slash Food)
Ready Pac Foods Inc. is recalling bagged spinach sold under "Ready Pack Baby Spinach" and "Spinach Temptations" in California, Washington and Arizona because of possible E. coli contamination, although no illnesses have been reported. The recalled products have a use-by date of July 4 (product code I1707B or IR127121) and July 8 (product code I2007B or IR130373). (Photo from Flickr: OakleyOriginals)
Champion Nutrition is recalling 5-pound containers of its Chocolate Peanut Butter Pure Whey Protein because peanuts were not properly listed on the ingredients label, putting those with nut allergies at risk. No illnesses have been reported.
Rocky Mountain Natural Meats is recalling 66,000 pounds of ground and tenderized steak bison products after an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak was linked to the products. Five cases in Colorado and one case in New York have been attributed to the bison products. E. coli O157:H7 can cause bloody diarrhea, dehydration and, in severe cases, kidney failure. (Photo from Food Safety News)
Roba Dolce is recalling its 33.8-ounce containers of "Double Chocolate Chunk Gelato" distributed by Kroger/Fry's stores in Arizona and Ohio because the ice cream may contain peanuts, which were not listed in the ingredients list. (Photo from Roba Dolce)
San Antonio Packing Company recalled 9,408 pounds of Cervelat Summer Sausage produced from April 14, 2010, through June 22, 2010, because it failed to declare the product's ingredients, which may include milk. The recalled sausages are contained in 16-ounce packages labeled "APCO BRAND MEATS CERVELAT SUMMER SAUSAGE." (Photo from Flickr: szlea)
Chicken of the Sea brand solid white tuna in water has been recalled after 1,105 cases of cans were discovered to be improperly sealed. The cases of tuna were sold in Wisconsin, Nebraska, Utah, Pennsylvania, New York, Maine, Colorado, Indiana, California and Oregon. No illnesses have been reported; however, loosely sealed cans can lead to product contamination by spoilage organisms or pathogens.
California company Pure Base Distribution LLC is recalling 4-ounce bottles of "Pure Base Garlic Spread - Concentrate" and 7-ounce bottles of "Pure Base Garlic Spread - Ready to Spread" for unlisted milk and wheat ingredients: In a statement, Pure Base said people who have allergies to milk or wheat run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reactions if they consume either product.
Basic Food Flavors Inc. in North Las Vegas, Nev., has been found to be contaminated with multiple strains of salmonella, leading to 177 product recalls that include all powdered and paste hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP) manufactured by the processor since Sept. 17, 2009. The FDA sent a warning letter to the company for proof that it has taken corrective actions promised last March. (Photo from Basic Food Flavors)
Kellogg recalled 28 million boxes of Apple Jacks, Corn Pops, Froot Loops and Honey Smacks cereals, "saying a 'waxy' smell and flavor coming from the package liners could make people sick," reported the AP. A Kellogg spokeswoman said about 20 people complained about the off odor, and five reported nausea and vomiting, but Kellogg maintains that the potential for serious health problems with the affected cereals is low, and the problem comes from the lining of the cereal boxes. Kellogg is working on identifying the specific substance in the liner that's causing the problem. (Photo from Flickr: Zanastardust)
The USDA's Food Safety & Inspection Service announced two separate ground beef recalls for a total of 38,700 pounds, due to potential E. coli contamination. Consumerist writes: Both recalls have are considered Class I hazards by FSIS, meaning "there is a reasonable probability that the use of the product will cause serious, adverse health consequences or death." The bigger of the two recalls comes from California, where South Gate Meat Co., of South Gate, Calif., is recalling approximately 35,000 pounds of ground beef products. (Photo from Flickr: Nadya Peek)
ConAgra Foods is recalling all Marie Callender's brand cheesy chicken and rice frozen meals, labeled "Marie Callender's Cheesy Chicken and Rice White Meat Chicken and Broccoli over Rice Topped with Rich Cheddar Sauce," after discovering a possible link to salmonella outbreak. There were 29 cases linked to the meal in 14 states. (Photo from AP)
The Kroger Co. is recalling some containers of Deluxe Chocolate Paradise Ice Cream that fail to note the inclusion of tree nuts in the ingredient label, putting those with nut allergies at risk. Kroger states, however, "For consumers who are not allergic to tree nuts, there is no safety issue with the product."
Subway restaurants in central Illinois have led to an outbreak of a rare form of salmonella, causing forty-eight Illinoisans to contract the disease in 18 counties. (Photo from AP)
McDonald's is recalling 12 million Shrek glasses that have been tainted with the toxic metal cadmium. (Photo from AP)
The AP reported: Whirlpool Corp.'s Maytag unit is recalling about 1.7 million dishwashers because of a fire hazard. The Consumer Product Safety Commission, which announced the recall Thursday, says the company, part of Whirlpool Corp., has received 12 reports of electrical failures in the dishwasher heating element that led to fires and damage. One kitchen fire caused extensive damage, the agency said. No injuries have been reported. The recall includes Maytag, Amana, Jenn-Air, Admiral, Magic Chef, Performa by Maytag and Crosley brand dishwashers with plastic tubs. The recalled dishwashers were made with black, bisque, white, silver and stainless steel front panels and sold at department and appliance stores nationwide from February 2006 through April 2010. They cost between $250 and $900.
Alfalfa sprouts sold by Caldwell Fresh Foods to more than 400 Wal-Mart stores in 15 states have been recalled after being linked to salmonella poisoning, affecting at least 22 people in 10 states. (Photo from Flickr: supa_pedro)
The AP reported: Nearly 1 million General Electric coffee makers sold at Walmart are being recalled after dozens of reports of overheating, smoking, burning and fires. The Consumer Product Safety Commission, which announced the recall Thursday, said Walmart has received 83 complaints about the GE-branded coffee maker, including three reports of minor burns to consumers' bodies. The reports of property damage include a significant kitchen fire and damage to countertops, cabinets and a wall, said the CPSC. The recall involves about 900,000 GE 12-cup digital coffee makers sold exclusively at Walmart stores nationwide.
Freshway Foods is recalling lettuce purchased from a Yuma, Ariz., grower after discovering a possible link to an E. coli outbreak. The lettuce was sold in 23 states and sickened at least 19 people with a rare strain of the disease.
According to the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, food-borne illnesses in the U.S. cause over 5,000 deaths a year, as Time magazine recently mentioned in a piece on on the process of recalling tainted food. In that piece they also gave some interesting answers to questions one might have about food recalls.
For one, all of the recalls below are voluntary recalls -- amazingly, the FDA does not have the power to directly recall products, except for infant formula, which required specific legislation in the 1980s.
So what is the process for recalling these products? Time writes:
When the CDC gathers enough information to link an outbreak to a food product (for example, if everyone sickened by a particular strain of salmonella ate the same store-bought product), it contacts the Department of Agriculture (USDA) if it's meat or poultry or the FDA if it's anything else. The organization then tries to find the source of the problem by inspecting farms, plants and packaging centers. "Ideally we try to say, 'This is the cause, and this is what happened," explains Roberta Wagner, acting deputy director of the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. "That's of course a very clean scenario. It doesn't always happen like that."
Once the source of tainted food is (hopefully) identified, the manufacterer hopefully recalls it:
"In many cases they do agree [to a recall]," says Cecilia Wolyniak, the FDA's consumer-safety officer. "But there are some cases where they won't and then we do what's called an FDA requested recall, where we send them a notification and say we expect them to take action." If that doesn't work, the FDA will seize the product itself. [...]
"The lack of mandatory recall always surprises people," says Mike Taylor, the FDA's deputy commissioner for foods. "It'd help if we had the authority to back [our recall requests] up." The FDA is currently seeking that authority and increased manpower; right now the organization has only about 450 people authorized to do on-site inspections of the over 156,000 FDA-regulated firms. At present, the FDA tries to inspect food facilities once a year if they make easily contaminated products like seafood and every few years if they don't. Congress has been trying to overhaul the food-safety system since last June -- to increase the FDA's power and require more frequent inspections -- but efforts have been stymied by the health care and energy reform debates. Theoretically, the Senate should vote on a bill this year.
And what happens to the recalled food?
It's usually sent back to the manufacturer and then disposed of while a representative from the FDA or the USDA watches. Or asks to watch. Or sometimes just receives paperwork about it. With only so many inspectors available, sometimes, there's just not enough time to send someone to watch 15 million pounds of SpaghettiOs get destroyed.
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Las Gorras Blancas, or The White Caps, were a close-knit secretive group in collective struggle against powerful ...Add to Cart $4.00
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text:
November 24, 2015
WAXAHACHIE (June 3, 2014) A Waco man who was mowing a section of Interstate 35 Monday near Waxahachie died when the tractor he was driving flipped over on him, authorities said Tuesday.
Roberto Terrazas Morales, 36, who showed a home address in Waco, was pronounced dead at the scene, Waxahachie police Lt. Todd Woodruff said Tuesday.
The accident happened at around 2:30 p.m. Monday as Morales mowed the highway median, authorities said.
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NBG : Analysis & Opinions
Top ETFs For Investing in GreeceAugust 3, 2015Find out if it's time to add the GREK ETF -- the only major Greece-centric exchange-traded fund in the world -- as a risk/reward ...
3 Ways To Trade The Greece DefaultJuly 7, 2015A missed payment from Greece to the IMF has put the nation on the radar of many active traders. We'll take a look at 3 ways ...
How A Bank Stress Test WorksOctober 30, 2014
A $3 Bank Stock Could Be Your Ticket To 65% A YearSeptember 24, 2014
$3 Bank Stock Could Be Your Ticket To 65% A YearSeptember 24, 2014For more than five years, the mantra for investing has been, "Don't fight the Fed." Despite weak revenue growth ...
Believe It Or Not, European Stocks Are Heating UpOctober 24, 2013After years of struggling, Europe may finally be turning a corner. Critical pieces of economic data are all pointing towards ...
The Greece ETF And Its NeighborsMay 25, 2012Based on the risk associated with Greece and the surrounding region, and the potential reward for the countries, the best ...
Invest Globally, Think ContrarilyFebruary 17, 2012Panic sales in emerging markets will often create bargains, like the four shared here by Benj Gallander, who explains the ...
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pissed off. what the hell is up with my doctors?
Comments (5)
I'll trade you! I feel like mine aren't doing enough. :(
We also have franternal twins with no real issues so far. We have had plenty of preterm labor though. Here we are at 37 weeks (tomorrow) and the point in twin pregnancies where you start having issues with growth restriction and we aren't changing our monitoring in the least. Since 30 weeks we've had weekly NSTs, bi-weekly OB appts, and a growth scan every 4 weeks. Only thing changing is that we are going to weekly OB appts....but all he does is measure my uterus (not even tell me the measurement unless I ask) and listen for the heartbeats. Oh, and last appointment....he listened to the same baby twice rather than each baby once. *eye roll*
Doctor I've never met before to preform major surgery on me plus I'm having my tubes tied ! If I can make it to Monday without having these babies I'll be calling her office to make sure she's the one that delivers me ! I'm not a happy momma right now '
Proud momma of Kylie April 14, 1995, Brianna Dec 26, 2001, Jacob Nov 6, 2008 and Dylan and Dalton March 29, 2012
Amy (29), Michael (30) Married 12/30/09
FTM to Identical Twin Girls born @ 37 wks


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David Copestakes '02, assistant professor of art and design, was invited by AIGA Philadelphia to participate in an exhibition highlighting the work of design educators in the Philadelphia area. Those Who Can TEACH attempts to disprove the saying "Those who can, do; those who can't, teach."
The exhibition runs from Wednesday, Sept. 4, through Monday, Sept. 30, at the AIGA SPACE in Philadelphia.
alumni, art, Art and Design, CAS, college of arts and sciences, copestakes, plaudits