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Terms of Service
These Terms of Service are effective as of October 30, 2009, and were last updated on September 28, 2015.
Leanpub ("Leanpub") is a service of Ruboss Technology Corporation ("Ruboss"), a corporation incorporated in British Columbia, Canada. These Terms of Service (the "Terms") govern your access to and use of the Leanpub websites, public APIs and client software ("Leanpub", the "Site" or the "Services"), and any information, text, graphics, or other materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services, including without limitation PDF files, EPUB files, MOBI files and other formats of ebooks available for sale on the Site (collectively referred to as the "Content"). Your access to and use of the Services is conditioned on your acceptance of, and compliance with, these Terms. By accessing or using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms of Service are subject to change at any time, and your continued use of Leanpub constitutes binding acceptance of any and all changes to these Terms.
1. Description of Services
Lean Publishing is the act of publishing an in-progress book using lightweight tools and many iterations to get reader feedback, pivot until you have the right book and build traction once you do.
At Leanpub, we are building the best way in the world for authors and publishers to write, edit, publish and sell in-progress ebooks. We're building Leanpub so that every author and publisher can use the Lean Publishing process without having to build all the machinery needed to do so. We see ourselves as building "Lean Publishing as a Service". Both self-published authors and publishers can use Leanpub to write, publish and sell both fiction and non-fiction, and can sell books that are both in-progress and complete.
For readers, being a Leanpub customer is different from traditional web-based bookstores. Leanpub makes reading a social activity. As a reader, when you purchase a book you automatically become a member of the community around the book. By purchasing a book while it is in-progress, you help contribute to its development, both with your financial support, and by giving the author feedback.
2. Basic Terms
2.1 Services
The Services are always evolving and the form and nature of the Services may change from time to time without prior notice to you. Ruboss also retains the right to create limits on use and storage at its sole discretion at any time without prior notice to you.
Ruboss disclaims all responsibility and liability for the availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any other client software. Ruboss also reserves the right to modify, suspend or discontinue the Services with or without notice at any time and without any liability to you.
2.2 Your Responsibility
You are responsible for your use of the Services, for any Content you post to the Services, and for any consequences thereof. The Content you submit, post, or display will be able to be viewed by other users of the Services and through third party services and websites. You should only provide Content that you are comfortable sharing with others under these Terms.
What you publish on Leanpub and say in Leanpub forums (the "Forums") may be purchased and/or viewed anywhere in the world immediately.
2.3 Minimum Age
You must be at least nineteen (19) years of age, or the age of majority in the jurisdiction where you reside if that age is greater than 19, to use the Site and Service. The Site is not directed to persons under 19. If a parent or guardian becomes aware that his or her child has provided us with personally identifiable information without their consent, he or she should contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com. We do not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from children under 19. If we become aware that a child under 19 has provided us with personally identifiable Information, we will delete such information from our files.
2.4 Your Ability to Accept Terms
You represent and warrant that you have the legal capacity to enter into these Terms, and that the entering into these Terms does not conflict with any arrangements or agreements between you and any other person or entity.
You may use the Services only if you can enter into a binding contract with Ruboss and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of Canada or other applicable jurisdiction. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable local, provincial, national, and international laws, rules and regulations. Ruboss reserves the right to refuse service to anyone at any time for any reason without notice. If you are unwilling or unable to be bound by these Terms, you are not permitted to and must immediately stop using the Services.
3. Advertisements
The Services may include advertisements, which may be targeted to the Content or information on the Services, queries made through the Services, or other information. The types and extent of advertising by Ruboss on the Services are subject to change. In consideration for Ruboss granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that Ruboss and its third party providers and partners may place such advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services, whether submitted by you or others.
These advertisements may include advertisements for other Content uploaded by other users to Leanpub. For example, if you write a book about cheese and publish it on the Site, Ruboss reserves the right to advertise other Leanpub books about cheese and also any cheese-related products or services on the pages of the Leanpub website used for your book and in the Services such as the Forums used for your book.
4. Privacy
Any information that you provide on the Services is subject to our Privacy Policy (the "Privacy Policy"), which governs our collection and use of such information. You understand that through your use of the Services you expressly consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information. As part of providing you the Services, we may need to communicate to you certain information, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your Leanpub account, and so you may not be able to choose not to receive them. If you do not wish to receive such communications, you may need to terminate your Leanpub account, which you are free to do at any time.
The Privacy Policy can be found here. Accepting these Terms constitutes acceptance of the Privacy Policy. We may update the Privacy Policy from time to time, without notice. We recommend that you check it regularly.
5. Pricing Policy
Leanpub authors or publishers choose two prices for their books: a Suggested Price and a Minimum Price. All Leanpub books also have a Maximum Price. Furthermore, Leanpub books can be sold in packages and in bundles, both of which complicate matters.
5.1 Suggested Price
The Suggested Price of a book is a price which is greater than or equal to the Minimum Price of the book. It is what you are encouraging readers to pay. Leanpub will display the suggested price of the book on the book landing page and the book purchase form.
5.2 Minimum Price
The Minimum Price of a book can either be Free ($0) or Not Free.
There are special rules for books with a Minimum Price which is Not Free:
- If the book is Not Free, the Minimum Price must be at least the Lowest Permitted Not Free Minimum Price.
- Currently the Lowest Permitted Not Free Minimum Price is $0.99.
- We may raise the Lowest Possible Not Free Minimum Price in future. If we do this, all Not Free books whose price is lower than the new Lowest Permitted Not Free Minimum Price will automatically have a new Minimum Price at the new, higher Lowest Permitted Not Free Minimum Price. For example, say you're selling a book for a Minimum Price of $1.99, and we raise the Lowest Possible Minimum Price to $2.99. Your book will now have a Minimum Price of $2.99.
- We may lower the Lowest Possible Not Free Minimum Price in future. If we do this, existing books will NOT have their Minimum Prices affected. For example, say you're selling a book for a Minimum Price of $0.99, and we raise the Lowest Possible Minimum Price to $0.49. Your book will still have a Minimum Price of $0.99.
5.3 Maximum Price
The current Maximum Price of any Leanpub book is $500. This is not customizable by individual authors or publishers.
5.4 How an Individual Purchase is Priced
Leanpub books are purchased as Individual Purchases for a Variable Price, meaning that readers can purchase Leanpub Books for any price which is greater than or equal to the Minimum Price and less than or equal to the Maximum Price for an individual copy of a Leanpub book.
5.5 Packages and Extras
Leanpub books can also be sold in Packages. A Leanpub author or publisher can create Extras to be included with the sale of a book.
An Extra is a digital good that you include with your book. Videos, photos, artwork, source files, code samples, apps, templates, and worksheets are all examples of digital extras that you can offer for sale (or for free!) to add value to your book.
These Extras can be bundled along with the book in Packages. A Package is a price for 1 or more copies of a Leanpub book plus any included Extras.
By default, Leanpub books are sold as Individual Purchases. An Individual Purchase can be thought of as essentially a Package of 1 copy and no Extras, with the Variable Price feature enabled. The Variable Price feature is not enabled for Packages, however: Package Purchases have a fixed price.
5.6 Coupons
Both Individual Purchases and Package Purchases can have coupons applied.
5.7 Bundles
Leanpub books can also be sold as bundles, with royalties split according to an agreed-upon formula by the authors whose books are included in the bundle.
6. Copyright, Creative Commons and Public Domain Policies
Leanpub's mission is to be the best way in the world for authors and publishers to write, edit, publish and sell new books.
This is why we are building Leanpub.
We have a number of harsh-sounding policies to help us ensure that Leanpub remains focused on this mission, and does not degenerate into a sideshow.
Violating ANY of these polices in this Section will result in ACCOUNT SUSPENSION OR DELETION (including all of your published books) at our sole discretion, without any notice required.
Please note that the terms of the Content Policy in Section 7 also overlap with this section, but this section exists to cover specific, important cases.
6.1 Copyright Holders Only
The author(s) of a Leanpub book must be the original authors of the book. Leanpub is not for selling work you did not create.
6.2 Standard Copyright License
Leanpub authors or publishers own the copyright to their work. Leanpub does not own the copyright to Leanpub books. By default, Leanpub books are published under a standard copyright license, belonging to the author or publisher.
6.3 Creative Commons Policy
Leanpub also provides an easy mechanism for Leanpub authors or publishers to choose to publish their copyrighted works under one of a number of Creative Commons licenses, as an alternative to the standard copyright license.
However, you are ONLY allowed to publish a Creative Commons book on Leanpub if YOU are the copyright owner(s) for that book. You cannot publish Creative Commons books that you do not own the copyright to, even if the Creative Commons license permits it elsewhere.
Ironically, one reason we are doing this is actually to SUPPORT the Creative Commons process for in-progress ebooks. If there is an explosion of identical or similar copies of in-progress or completed Creative Commons works on Leanpub, it potentially harms the ability of the original author(s) to both profit from their work and to get feedback, as the question of which is the canonical work is made more obscure.
6.4 All Public Domain Books are STRICTLY FORBIDDEN
We do NOT accept ANY public domain books on Leanpub. This is true even if you are the author of the book. If the book is in the public domain, it is banned from Leanpub.
Why would we do this? Simple: it goes back to our mission.
At Leanpub, we are building the best way in the world for authors and publishers to write, edit, publish and sell in-progress ebooks. We're not building Leanpub so that internet marketers can make a few bucks off of the work of dead people. There are lots of ways you can do that right now. For example, you can make 35% on Amazon KDP doing this. Don't do it on Leanpub.
Leanpub is about readers financially supporting and giving feedback to authors of books. You can't do this if the author is dead!
Furthermore, copyright law is constantly evolving, and the length of copyright is not getting any shorter. So, the question of what is and is not in the public domain is an evolving one, especially in the United States. We believe in picking our battles, and we want nothing to do with this one. (We think copyright terms are way too long, but we respect them.)
6.5 Copyright Infringement is STRICTLY FORBIDDEN
If we determine that any of the content in one of your books does or may infringe upon the copyright of others, we will remedy this by either stopping the sale of ("Retiring") or deleting the offending work in question. We also may suspend or delete your account, including all your books, if, at our sole discretion, we feel that the offense warrants it.
6.6 You Authorize Us To Send DMCA Takedown Notices On Your Behalf
NOTE: This section does not apply if your book has a Creative Commons license. We don't want to fight nuances of Creative Commons with the types of people who infringe copyright.
You hereby appoint us as one of your DMCA copyright representatives, and authorize us to send DMCA Takedown notices on your behalf, for as long as your book is for sale on Leanpub.
We are not committing that we will do this, but we want the option to deal with particularly egregious violations of your copyright.
According to Section 6.1, Copyright Holders Only, for a book to be published on Leanpub you must be the copyright holder. Therefore, if your book is published on Leanpub, you must have the ability to appoint us as your representative.
7. Content Policy
All Content, whether publicly posted in Forums, published in ebooks sold on Leanpub, or privately transmitted between members of Leanpub, is the sole responsibility of the person who originated such Content.
We will not monitor or control the Content posted via the Services and we take no responsibility for such Content. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained through the Services is at the user's own risk.
We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted via the Services or endorse any opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabelled or are otherwise deceptive. Under no circumstances will Ruboss be liable in any way for any Content, including, but not limited to, any errors or omissions in any Content, or any loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of the use of any Content posted, emailed, transmitted or otherwise made available via the Services or broadcasted elsewhere.
By uploading Content to the Site you represent and warrant that the Content:
- Is owned by you or, to the extent owned by someone else, that you have permission to provide the Content to Leanpub for use as described above and, in either case, that the Content does not contain any personally identifying information about any individual ("Personal Data") other than yourself;
- Does not violate any copyright, trademark, trade secret or other intellectual property right of any third party;
- Does not invade any individual's right of privacy or publicity;
- Does not contain material that is unlawful, obscene, defamatory, pornographic, hate speech, harassing, threatening, harmful, invasive of privacy or publicity rights, abusive, inflammatory, or otherwise objectionable;
- Does not include malicious code, which includes, without limitation, viruses, Trojan horses, worms, time bombs, cancelbots, or any other computer programming routines that may damage, interfere with, surreptitiously intercept, or expropriate any system, program, data, or personal information (including but not limited to Personal Data);
- Does not break the law, encourage or facilitate the breaking of the law, or violate any applicable regulation, rule or policy;
- Does not offer or disseminate fraudulent goods, services, schemes, or promotions; and
- To the best of your knowledge, all factual information in the Content you upload is true and accurate, and the use of any recipe, formula, or instruction in the Content will not result in personal injury to any person.
The person who creates and uploads the Content is entirely responsible for it. Since computers and other equipment (both yours and ours) are subject to occasional malfunction, you agree that you will not hold Ruboss responsible for any inadvertent damage to, corruption or destruction of the Content. In addition, Ruboss is not responsible for backing up or archiving the Content. If any Content transmitted to Leanpub is damaged, lost or corrupted in any way, Ruboss will have no obligation or liability to you.
As a user of the Services, you agree:
- Not to post any Content that would violate these Terms;
- Not use the Services to harm anyone, including but not limited to minors, in any way;
- Not use "spam," "blast-faxes," or recorded telephone messages to market or sell Content;
- Not interfere with the operation of the Site via the use of viruses, programs or technology designed to disrupt or damage software or hardware;
- Not employ a robot, spider or other process or device to harvest e-mail addresses or other user information or to monitor the activity on the Site; and
- Not impersonate another person or entity or forge any e-mail communication or message.
- Not to use Leanpub to sell physical goods. This includes, but is not limited to, offering codes or coupons to customers that they may redeem for physical goods. To be clear, you may only use Leanpub to sell digital goods.
As an author of ebooks that you contribute to and "sell" via the Site, you agree that ebooks made available through the Site will only be provided to buyers pursuant to the agreement contained in Section 8 below.
In addition to complying with all the above restrictions on conduct and Content, you are responsible for adhering to all local and national laws of the jurisdiction in which you are located.
If Ruboss becomes aware that a user has uploaded Content that violates these Terms or other Leanpub policies, it may take one or more of the following actions based on the severity of the violation:
- Delete the book and the associated material;
- Disable the author's access to his/her Leanpub account; and
- Report the user to law enforcement authorities.
Ruboss, in its sole discretion, reserves the right to refuse publication on the Site of any Content or to remove any and all Content that Ruboss learns is inappropriate or illegal, or offensive, or potentially or actually harmful in any respect, or that negatively affects Site operations or the Leanpub brand, or that misrepresents the nature of the Content, its current state of completeness or its plan for development, or that has been apparently abandoned in an incomplete state. At our discretion, we will remove Content and/or ban users who violate our policies with respect to the Site. We reserve the right to amend our policies from time to time in our sole discretion.
If you believe that any material contained in the Site infringes your copyright, you should notify Ruboss of your copyright infringement claim and Ruboss will take appropriate action in accordance with our Copyright Take Down Policy, which governs how we respond to claims of copyright infringement. The Copyright Take Down Policy can be found here. Accepting these Terms constitutes acceptance of the Take Down Policy.
Books with multiple Authors have one Primary Author who is the administrator of the book. This Primary Author can set the royalty percentages for the different Authors of the book.
8. Rights to Content Posted on the Site
### 8.1 Ruboss Property Ruboss is the owner of all intellectual property rights, including but not limited to all copyright, patents, and trademarks, associated with Leanpub, the Site and the Services, with all rights reserved, exclusive of Content provided by third parties, including but not limited to Content which is owned by the licensors of such Content. Ruboss owns the design, format and layout of the Site. Ruboss authorizes users of the Site to use the Site and to copy materials posted on the Site (unless otherwise available for purchase) strictly for their own personal, non-commercial use, provided they maintain all notices of rights on the Content. Any and all other uses of the materials posted on the Site are prohibited. Such authorization from Ruboss does not extend to use of the design, format, or layout of the Site, which may be further protected under applicable trade dress, trademark, or copyright laws. All copyright, patent, trademark, and other intellectual property-related notices must remain affixed to any materials downloaded from the Site. Failure to maintain such notices voids the authorization granted above. In granting this authorization, Ruboss grants no other right, title, ownership, license, or other property interest in the materials and subject matter posted on the Site, and in any intellectual property rights protecting such materials and subject matter.
The Leanpub logo and the names of all Leanpub products and/or services as posted herein are either trademarks or service marks, or registered trademarks and/or service marks of Ruboss and all rights are reserved therein by Ruboss.
8.2 Licence Grant to Leanpub
You retain your rights to any Content you submit, post or display on or through the Services. However, by submitting, posting or displaying Content on or through the Services, you grant us certain rights. These rights differ based on the type of Content. For Content contained in an ebook sold or given away on Leanpub, you grant us a fully transferable, fully sub-licensable, non-exclusive license to copy, reproduce, print, publish, distribute and otherwise use the Content in conjunction with the Services worldwide, for as long as that ebook is sold or given away on Leanpub. For all other types of Content you post on Leanpub, such as posts to the Leanpub Forums, you grant us a fully transferable, fully sub-licensable, irrevocable, non-exclusive license to copy, reproduce, print, publish, create derivate works of, distribute, translate, and otherwise use the Content in conjunction with the Services, and any works derived from the Licensee's Work in all media, in perpetuity, and worldwide.
8.3 Permissions Agreement ("Permissions Agreement") for Content Posted on the Forums
The Forums allow readers to ask questions of each other and author(s), thereby improving their reading experience and the quality of the ebooks being published on the Site. Since the primary goal of the Forums is to improve the author's experience of writing a book, the Content posted on the Forums must be usable to the author.
Therefore, posting on the Forums automatically invokes the following Permissions Agreement:
The user making the Forum post (the "Licensor") and the author(s) of the book (the "Licensee") hereby enter into this Permissions Agreement regarding the use of selected materials from the Licensor's text and source code, if any (the "Licensor's Work"), in the Licensee's work that the Forum pertains to (the "Licensee's Work") on the terms described below.
- Licensed Materials. This Permissions Agreement applies to information posted in Forums for the Licensee's Work, including but not limited to any text, source code or accompanying explanations ("the Licensed Materials").
- License. The Licensor hereby grants the Licensee and the Licensee's successors, assigns, and sublicensees, an irrevocable, non-exclusive license to copy, reproduce, print, publish, make derivate works of, distribute, translate, and otherwise use the Licensed Materials in the Licensee's Work, and any works derived from the Licensee's Work in all media, in perpetuity, and worldwide.
- Use of Licensed Materials. The Licensee may edit the Licensed Materials as the Licensee sees fit. The Licensee may, at the Licensee's sole discretion, provide appropriate credit for the use of the Licensor's Work, in the manner and style in which the Licensee generally conveys such information. The Licensee shall have no obligation to use the Licensed Materials in the Licensee's Work.
- Compensation. The intangible benefit of having participated in the Forum constitutes full compensation for the use of the Licensor's work.
- Warranties and Indemnity. The Licensor warrants to the Licensee that the Licensor owns and controls the rights licensed in this Permissions Agreement, and agrees to indemnify and defend the Licensee from any claim, loss or liability arising from a breach of the foregoing warranty.
8.4 Licence Grant to a Purchaser of Ebooks
We don't actually sell ebooks on Leanpub. Leanpub merely facilitates the sale of manuscripts in electronic format between authors and readers. Since ebooks are typically PDFs or in some other digital format, they are intangibles and you can't own your copy in the same way you can own a paper book. The rights you receive in and to an ebook and its content, come directly from the ebook's author. The ebook copy itself is provided to you in the form of a license only. All of the content of an ebook is subject to copyright and other laws just like any real book. Without restricting the application of the ebook author's rights available under copyright or other intellectual property or other property laws, or available at common law, the ebook author of each ebook you purchase via Leanpub grants you, subject to your compliance with these Terms, the following licence (the "Ebook Rights"):
- You may download and save the ebook onto any device that supports the format of the ebook for your personal, non-commercial use;
- You may transfer your ebook from device to device;
- You may NOT store any copies of the ebook on publicly accessible servers, including FTP or HTTP servers ("web servers");
- This license is NOT transferable;
- You may NOT sell the ebook and transfer the Ebook Rights associated with the ebook;
- Furthermore, if this non-transferability clause is forbidden by the local and national laws of the jurisdiction in which you are located, you may NOT purchase a license from Leanpub; and
- You may make a reasonable number of archival copies of your ebook.
Otherwise, your use and enjoyment of the content of your ebooks will be as permitted by applicable law, including but not limited to copyright law. Your Ebook Rights shall remain in force for so long as you comply with these Terms and for so long as you retain any copies of your ebook(s).
We take copyright issues extremely seriously. Since we are authors ourselves, we know how it feels to have a book you have spent countless evenings and weekends writing "shared" on torrent sites. Please do not do this. If you "share" a book that someone has self-published, you are not ripping off some mega-corporation, you are ripping off an individual author and you are violating the legal rights of the author. (This is especially true of Leanpub books, where most of the revenue goes directly to the author).
8.5 Special Terms for Organizational Purchasers of ebooks
If you are purchasing an ebook on behalf of an organization through which you intend to make the ebook available to multiple readers:
- Your organization and each individual who is given access to, or a copy of, the ebook are subject to the same terms and conditions as individual purchasers of Leanpub ebooks.
- When you make your ebook purchase, you should select the maximum number of copies you will lend out at any given time, and base your purchase on the 'suggested' price for each copy.
8.6 Special Terms for Library Purchasers of Ebooks
Since Leanpub's focus is on the writing, publishing and selling of in-progress ebooks, library purchases represent a potential problem for Leanpub authors and publishers. As such, if you are purchasing an ebook on behalf of a library, you MUST contact the author(s) or publisher directly to arrange the purchase. Since authors and publishers own their copyright, this can be arranged separately from Leanpub.
9. Payment Terms
In order to purchase Content, Services, or tools on or through the Site, a user must either possess a PayPal account (http://paypal.com) or a major credit card that is accepted by PayPal.
Unless a separate agreement has been made with the author, authors will receive 90% royalties, minus a 50 cent flat fee per sale, for their books sold directly from Leanpub. Authors will receive no royalties for free purchases of their books. Ruboss reserves the right to enforce a minimum and a maximum price on Leanpub books. Currently, the minimum price that is not free is $0.99 USD and the maximum price is $500.00 USD, but this is subject to change without notice at any time.
For books with multiple authors, the author royalty will be split between the authors based on the percentages specified by the authors in the administrative interface for the book.
Royalties will be paid monthly by PayPal only.
All Leanpub books have a 45 day unconditional return policy (see Section 10, Returns).
Since every Leanpub purchase can be refunded in the first 45 days, we hold the royalties from a purchase for a Royalty Hold Period before making the royalties from that purchase part of the monthly PayPal payout. The Royalty Hold Period is 45 days by default (to match the length of time of the unconditional return policy). This reduces our risk of paying out more royalties than a book has revenue.
The royalties from returns will be subtracted from the monthly royalties paid. (Again, this is why the Royalty Hold Period exists.)
Ruboss reserves the right, at its discretion, to shorten the Royalty Hold Period to fewer than 45 days for specific books. In fact, wewe did this for almost all of the books which had meaningful amounts of sales before this 45 day refund policy was introduced. But we also reserve the right to lengthen the Royalty Hold Period for any of those books back to 45 days if we have issues with refunds.
Every month, we pay royalties on the outstanding purchases whose Royalty Hold Period has elapsed. We typically pay these royalties in the first few days of the month, however, we may take as long as 25 days to do so. In legal terms: Royalties will be paid no later than 25 days following the end of the calendar month.
If Ruboss owes you less than $40 in royalties for purchases whose Royalty Hold Period has elapsed, it reserve the right, at its discretion, to roll your revenue forward to the following month until an amount of $40 is reached.
Leanpub will separate PayPal payments to each author, based on the percentages specified in the administrative interface by the Primary Author. At Ruboss's discretion this payment can be rolled forward on a per-author basis until an author is owed at least $40 in royalties whose Royalty Hold Period is elapsed.
If this seems complicated, don't worry: on your Sales page we have a Royalty Summary table which shows the book royalties currently due, unpaid book royalties, etc.
All PayPal payments are made in USD.
If your account is inactive or is terminated and Ruboss is unable to contact you using the contact information provided, it may also, at its discretion, charge a termination fee equal to the amount of unpaid revenue to cover administrative costs.
10. Returns
We are proud of our return policy. We consider it a core Leanpub value.
Ruboss is proud to offer all readers "The Leanpub Unconditional, No Risk, 100% Happiness Guarantee". Within 45 days of purchase you can get a 100% refund on any Leanpub purchase, unless you are abusing this refund policy. Readers can request a refund on their Leanpub dashboard pages. This is an honour system; there is no DRM or anti-circumvention or other copy-control system used. We believe that if we take the risk out of purchasing we will improve reader happiness, which should lead to more readers and thus more author happiness.
Abuse of the "The Leanpub Unconditional, No Risk, 100% Happiness Guarantee" leads to author unhappiness, so it will not be tolerated. Abusing the happiness guarantee means doing things like buying 3 bundles and 6 books and then immediately requesting refunds on all of them. This, and similar obviously exploitative behavior, goes against the spirit of the happiness guarantee. If we determine that a reader is abusing the happiness guarantee we will not refund the purchases, and we will inform the reader by email of that fact. If necessary, we will also inform PayPal of that fact, and provide PayPal with whatever information they require to determine if we are being fair in our judgment.
11. User Registration and Information
You must ensure that you have correctly completed the information in the User Registration Form on the Site (the "User Information"). In the event that any part of your User Information changes, please ensure to promptly update your User Information on the Site. It is your responsibility to keep current all of your User Information on the Site.
You will have the opportunity to select a username and password during the user registration process. You are solely responsible in all respects for: (a) all use of the Site made using your username and password, and (b) maintaining the confidentiality of your username and password. We encourage you to use "strong" passwords (passwords that use a combination of upper and lower case letters, numbers and symbols) with your account. Ruboss cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above requirements. Only one individual may access the Site at the same time using the same username and password. You agree to notify Ruboss immediately of any unauthorized use of your e-mail address, username or password, or any other security breach regarding the Site of which you are aware. Ruboss may refuse to grant you a username or password that impersonates someone else, is protected by trademark or other proprietary right law, is vulgar or otherwise offensive, or for any other reason.
12. Terminating Membership and/or Removing Content
These Terms are effective until terminated. Ruboss may terminate or suspend these Terms immediately for any reason and without prior notice to you. You may terminate your membership from the Account Information section of the Site, or by contacting email@example.com with a specific request to do so. Your request to terminate will become effective within 30 days after receipt of your specific request has been acknowledged by Ruboss. All provisions of this Agreement relating to payment, commissions, service fees, disclaimers, limitations of liability, indemnification, confidentiality, and proprietary rights (including without limitation licence rights such as the Permissions Agreement and the Ebook Rights) shall survive termination.
When you choose to remove your Content from Leanpub, it will no longer be available for purchase or visible to users who have not purchased it. It will still be available to users who have purchased it. Furthermore, if you remove any Content which has been sold, it may still be listed as Content having been produced by you in your profile.
Ruboss does not retain any residual rights to removed work other than those outlined above.
If you choose to terminate your account, the terms outlined above regarding the status of Content you have uploaded remain applicable.
13. International Users
Ruboss makes no representation that material on the Site is appropriate to or available at locations outside of Canada and the United States. You may not use the Site or export the Content in violation of United States export regulations. If you access the Site from a location outside the United States or Canada, you are responsible for compliance with all applicable local laws and any local taxes that may be payable.
14. The Services are Available "AS-IS"
Your access to and use of the Services or any Content is at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an "AS IS" and "AS AVAILABLE" basis. Without limiting the foregoing, RUBOSS AND ITS PARTNERS DISCLAIM ANY REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, MERCHANTABLE QUALITY, DURABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. We make no warranty and disclaim all responsibility and liability for the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content thereon. Ruboss will not be responsible or liable for any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services, or any Content. You also agree that Ruboss has no responsibility or liability for the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services. We make no warranty that the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from Ruboss or through the Services, will create any warranty not expressly made herein. Ruboss may also in its discretion modify the features, availability, operation and/or look and feel of Leanpub from time to time without notice to our users.
15. Links
The Services may contain links to third-party websites or resources. You acknowledge and agree that we are not responsible or liable for: (i) the availability or accuracy of such websites or resources; or (ii) the content, products, or services on or available from such websites or resources. Links to such websites or resources do not imply any endorsement by Ruboss of such websites or resources or the content, products, or services available from such websites or resources. You acknowledge that it is your sole responsibility for, and assume all risk arising from, your use of any such websites or resources.
16. Affiliates
A Note About Proper Affiliate Behavior
Books are not like most other products. In manuscript form at least, they are often primarily the result of a single person's devoted effort over a long period of time, and they may be addressing important political and even personal issues. Also, unlike most products, they are intimately linked with the name of the person who made them: on a book cover, sometimes the author's name figures even more prominently than the title. This means that any sales, marketing or advertising effort related to a book reflects directly on the author's personal reputation, which reflects back on perceptions of the book's quality. For this reason, anyone who participates in the Leanpub Affiliate Program must respect the dignity of all Leanpub authors and their books. These are strict terms and we will enforce them. If you are in any doubt regarding the dignity of any of your planned Leanpub Affiliate Program activities, please (a) don't do it! and (b) ask us if it's acceptable by emailing us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
15.1 About The Leanpub Affiliate Program
Conventionally, publishing companies provide marketing funds and expertise to authors under contract, in return for a huge proportion of the sale price of a book. Leanpub is a publishing platform, not a conventional publisher, and many Leanpub authors are independent and do not have marketing budgets for their books or any related digital goods they are selling as a "Extras", such as videos (the "Product" or "Products"). The Leanpub Affiliate Program is meant to help affiliates make money while they help market Leanpub Products. Essentially, the affiliate is providing the marketing work that publishers have conventionally provided in return for a significant share of the sale price.
As a Member of the Affiliate Program you may advertise participating Leanpub Products on your website or websites (together, your "Site") in return for 50% of the minimum sale price of the Products. Leanpub books are sold through a "variable pricing" model, under which each Product has a minimum and a suggested price. Customers can choose to pay the minimum price or any amount up to $500 (in US dollars), including amounts above the suggested price. (Occasionally, Leanpub authors make the minimum and the suggested price the same.) Since any amount paid above the minimum price is based on the customer's choice to pay more money to the author, the affiliate does not receive any part of the extra payment above the minimum price.
15.2 Participating Leanpub Products
Not all Leanpub books are participating in the Affiliate Program. Only those books that have been opted in to the program by their authors (and are thus "Participating" Products) may be advertised by Members in return for 50% of the minimum sale price. Leanpub authors may withdraw their books from the Affiliate Program at any time, with immediate effect. You may not contact a Leanpub author to request that the author opt in to the Affiliate Program, nor may you contact an author regarding their decision to opt out of the program.
15.3 How It Works
As a Member, you will have access to your own unique affiliate links (the "Link" or "Links") to the landing pages for Participating Products. Here are some details:
- When an author opts a Leanpub book into the Affiliate Program, a unique affiliate Link to that book's landing page will be made available to you through your Leanpub account.
- When someone visits a book landing page page using an affiliate Link, it creates a cookie for that book for the user. A user can have cookies for multiple books set simultaneously.
- The cookies last for a week. After that they expire. If a user visits the same book page with the same affiliate Link, the time will be reset (i.e. the cookie will last for a week after the latest visit).
- If a user visits the same book landing page using a different Member's affiliate Link, then that will override the original cookie (i.e. the latest affiliate wins).
- If a user buys a book with an active affiliate cookie, then the affiliate associated with that cookie gets 50% of the minimum price of the book at the time the purchase is made.
- When an author opts a book out the affiliate program, with immediate effect, your Link will point to the landing page of the book, but you will not receive any Fees if the visit converts into a sale of the book. It is your responsibility to remove your Links.
- In addition to being able to opt out of the affiliate program at any time and with immediate effect, authors may also change the minimum and suggested price for their book at any time and with immediate effect (this includes making the book free).
15.4 Becoming and Identifying Yourself as a Member of the Affiliate Program
To be a Member of the Affiliate Program, you must have an active Leanpub account with accurate information, and you must click the button to join the program and become a Member.
If you have joined the program and you are posting affiliate Links, you must post the following statement somewhere on your Site:
"[Your name here] is a Member of the Leanpub Affiliate Program. For more information, see https://leanpub.com/affiliates."
15.5 Membership Termination
We reserve the right to terminate your Member status at any time and at our sole discretion, for any reason or for no reason. Our failure to terminate your membership over any violation of these Terms does not constitute a waiver of our right to enforce that violation, or any identical or similar violation, at a later time.
Some reasons that we may decide to terminate your Membership include any behaviour on your part (including the content of your Site), whether or not in relation to your activities as a Member, that:
- Reflects badly on the dignity of Leanpub authors and/or their works
- Involves the presentation of sexually explicit visual materials
- Promotes or undertakes violence, hate, discrimination, or anything illegal
- Violates intellectual property rights
- Includes the use of the Leanpub logo or implies any association between you and Leanpub beyond your status as a member of our Affiliate Program (this includes any claim that we in any way endorse or support you and/or any of your activities).
If we terminate your membership, at our sole discretion, we may choose not to pay you any of your outstanding (i.e. unpaid) Fees. In this case, we will give your outstanding Fees to a charity or non-profit of our choice.
15.6 Affiliate Links
You may only use the Links we provide to you through your Leanpub account. You will only receive Fees from us in relation to sales from those Links, subject to the Affiliate Terms. If we determine that you have violated these terms, we are not obliged to pay to you any Fees from sales generated through your Links. Any failure to properly code or display your Links is your responsibility.
Because Leanpub authors can change their prices and other aspects of their books at any time (including their titles), you may only show prices if they are linked to directly, for example via a widget or hosted link we provide to you.
15.7 Payment of Fees
Affiliate program Fees will be paid on or near the first business day of each month, provided you are owed more than $40 for purchases whose Royalty Hold Period has elapsed. All Fees are subject to a 45-day "hold" as a part of Leanpub's "Happiness Guarantee". This means that any fee will be paid to you at or near the first business day of the month after the 45-day period has expired. If we owe you less than $40 in royalties for purchases whose Royalty Hold Period has elapsed, we reserve the right, at our sole discretion, to roll your revenue forward to the following month until an amount of $40 is reached.
Payments will be made via PayPal, which means you must have a working PayPal account email address linked to a PayPal account that can receive funds. If we determine, at our sole discretion, that you are unable to receive funds, we may terminate your account and give your unpaid Fees to a charity or non-profit of our choice.
15.8 Your Website
You are responsible for your Site or any mobile or online platform on which you post or in which you include your Links. You may not engage in any affiliate activities offline. Your Site and any platform you use must use and display your Links and any related content, including book widgets, in compliance with these Terms. We accept no liability for any matters related to your activity, including your management of your Site or your use of any platform. To be clear, the Leanpub Terms of Service, including the indemnification section, apply to affiliate Members as well as to all Leanpub users and customers.
15.9 Limited Content License
Solely with respect to your activities as a Member and in accordance with the Terms, you are granted a worldwide, limited, royalty-free, non-exclusive, non-transferable, revocable, non-sublicensable and non-transferable license to copy and display relevant Content on your Site.
15.10 Other Terms and Obligations
- Laws: You will comply with all applicable laws and other requirements of any authority that has jurisdiction over you.
- User Information: You will not store or in any way use any Leanpub customer information.
- Communication: We may contact you at any time, using your Leanpub account email address, regarding any information we regard to be essential to you as a Member.
- Leanpub Customers' Logos: If the Customer is a company, you will not use their logo or any any trademarked material, except in accordance with these Affiliate Terms (for example, through a widget provided by Leanpub), and/or if you have received explicit permission to do so.
- No Framing: You will not frame any Leanpub web page, or any Leanpub author's page, on your Site.
- Respect for Book Discussions: You will not engage in any unacceptable behavior in discussions of Leanpub Products, whether on the Leanpub site or elsewhere. For example, this includes not posting numerous Links in discussions of books, or doing so through the use of any automated code.
- No Spam: You will not spam and you will not engage in any activities which may damage the Leanpub brand, Leanpub's reputation, or the brand or reputation of our authors and customers. This means, for example but not exclusively, that you will not use bots, hidden or misleading links, popups, or make any false representations regarding Leanpub, Leanpub authors and customers, or your own activity as a Member.
- No Hiding: You will not engage in any online behavior that obscures your identity as a Leanpub affiliate. This allows us, for example, to clearly identify the Member associated with any Link.
- Proper Use of Content: You will not misuse any Content, that is, any use you make of Content will be in accordance with these Terms, and not for any other purposes, including selling the Content. However, you may resize images proportionally, and you may truncate text where the effect is not misleading.
- Removal of Content: If you notice or we notify you that any Content has been removed from Leanpub, then you must promptly remove any Content and links from your Site or any platform where you have posted the Links or Content.
- Misleading Endorsement: You will not state or imply that the Content is endorsed by any person, company, cause or organization. This includes misleading placement of Content, for example next to images of individuals or corporate logos whose sponsorship of the Content might thereby be implied.
- No Incentives or Third-Party Purchases: You will not offer anyone any incentive to use your Links. For example, you may not offer loyalty programs, and you will not undertake any Leanpub purchases on behalf of any other entity or person, and you will not assist anyone in any such endeavour.
- No Interception: You will not intercept or modify any incoming links to the Leanpub Site or any other website or service.
- No Damaging Software: You will not include on your site or in any way associate your Links with malware or any malicious code.
- No Intentional Misuse: You will not misuse your status as an Affiliate in order to effectively pay (or allow others to effectively pay) a lower price for Leanpub Products. For example, you will not request that someone use your affiliate link, with the suggestion that you will then pay them part of your affiliate Fees from the sale.
- Play Fair: You will not attempt to damage or intercept or in any other way disrupt the practices of any other Member.
17. Publishers
The terms in this Terms of Service also all apply to Publishers.
18. Limitation of Liability
TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, RUBOSS AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, AFFILIATES, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, PARTNERS AND LICENSORS (OTHER THAN CONTENT CONTRIBUTORS GRANTING LICENCES PURSUANT TO THESE TERMS) WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF PROFITS, OPPORTUNITY, DATA, USE, GOOD-WILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; AND (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION NEGLIGENCE) OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, WHETHER OR NOT RUBOSS HAS BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE.
You agree that the liability of Ruboss, its officers, employees, affiliates, and agents, if any, arising out of any kind of legal claim (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) in any way connected with any transaction entered hereunder or the Site shall not exceed the amount you paid to Ruboss in connection with the transaction giving rise to such claim. Any action under these Terms must be commenced within one (1) year after such cause of action occurs.
The foregoing limitation applies to the acts, omissions, negligence, and gross negligence of Ruboss, its officers, employees, affiliates and agents which, but for this provision, would give rise to the cause of action against Ruboss in contract, tort, or any other legal doctrine. Your sole and exclusive remedies under these Terms are as expressly set out in these Terms.
19. Indemnification
You shall indemnify and hold Ruboss harmless against all third party claims, demands, suits, actions, judgments, losses, costs, damages (direct, indirect and consequential), lawyer's fees and expenses that Ruboss may sustain or incur by reason of any breach or alleged breach of any representation, warranty, term or condition of these Terms, and for any act or omission by you which is in any way related thereto.
20. Exclusions
Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion of certain warranties or the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages. Therefore, the limitations above may not apply to you.
21. Waiver and Severability
The failure of Ruboss to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision.
Every provision of these Terms is intended to be severable. If any section of these Terms is found to be invalid or unenforceable, then such section will be deemed amended and will be interpreted, if possible, in a way that renders it enforceable. If such an interpretation is not possible, then the section will be deemed removed from these Terms and the rest of these Terms will remain in full force and effect.
22. Controlling Law and Jurisdiction
These Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the Province of British Columbia, Canada, without regard to or application of the conflict of law provisions of your province, state or country of residence. All claims, legal proceedings or litigation arising in connection with the Services will be brought solely in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and you consent to the jurisdiction of such courts and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Ruboss reserves the right to seek injunctive, specific performance or any other equitable remedy from any court of competent jurisdiction.
23. Entire Agreement
These Terms, the Privacy Policy, the Copyright Take Down Policy and the Leanpub Affiliate Program Terms of Service are the entire and exclusive agreement between Ruboss and yourself regarding the Services (excluding any services for which you have a separate agreement with Ruboss that is explicitly in addition or in place of these Terms), and these Terms supersede and replace any prior agreements between Ruboss and yourself regarding the Services.
Ruboss may revise these Terms from time to time. The most current version can be found here. If the revision, in Ruboss's sole discretion, is material, Ruboss will attempt to notify you via email to the email address associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised terms.
These Terms are binding. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods shall not apply to these Terms.
The Services are operated and provided by Ruboss Technology Corporation.
Our address is:
If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us. The preferred way to contact us is via email to email@example.com.


text:
Astro-Med, Inc. (NASDAQ: ALOT) reports net income of $323,000, equal to 4 cents per diluted share, on sales of $17,753,000 for the Second Quarter ended July 31, 2010. The Company reported net income of $585,000, equal to 8 cents per diluted share, on sales of $16,416,000 for the comparable period of the prior year. Unfavorable foreign exchange currency rates lowered this year's Second Quarter sales by approximately $227,000, or 1.4%, when compared to the previous year.
For the six months ended July 31, 2010, Astro-Med, Inc. reported net income of $753,000, equal to 10 cents per diluted share, on sales of $34,830,000. During the comparable six-month period of the prior year, net income was $354,000, equal to 5 cents per diluted share, on sales of $31,093,000.
The Company's balance sheet remains strong with a cash and marketable securities position of $21,933,000, a current ratio of 6.3:1, and zero debt.
Natus Medical Incorporated (Nasdaq:BABY)
The order, which is valued at over $2.7 million, was received from the Company's distribution partner working with the Saudi Ministry of Health. The order is for ALGO newborn hearing screeners, Cool-Cap selective head-cooling devices, and Olympic Cerebral Function Monitors (CFM). The order is expected to ship by the end of the year.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
What is Address Search?
Spokeo reverse address search helps people connect with their neighbors and find people by address. Search your neighborhood today to find out current residents, past residents, and family information. Find out who lives on River Dr today.
Comstock Park, MI
Time Zone & Current Time
Comstock Park, MI lies within the Eastern Standard Time (or EST). The current time in Eastern Standard Time is 07:24 PM on 11/25/2015.
Comstock Park, MI
Top Streets
10 Mile Rd, 11 Mile Rd, 4 Mile Rd, 5 Mile Rd, 6 Mile Ct, 6 Mile Rd, 7 Mile Rd, 8 Mile Rd, 9 Mile Rd, and Abrigador Trl
Comstock Park, MI
Population Demographics
Household Income
Home Value
32 years old
50% male
Local Ethnicity
Ethnicity Ratio
About Comstock Park, MI
Comstock Park is a prosperous suburban community in the northern part of Metropolitan Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States, that comprises parts of three neighboring townships: * Plainfield Township * Alpine Township * Algoma Township Plainfield Township, with a population of 30,195 as of the 2000 census, makes up most of Comstock Park. As it is defined, Comstock Park's population is approximately 10,674. "The Park", as it is often referred to, sits approximately 7 miles (11 km) north of downtown Grand Rapids. The area is notorious for the flooding it experiences every spring from the Grand River, which cuts through the eastern side of Comstock Park. It's not unusual to witness residents wading through knee-deep water to get to their homes along the river. Comstock Park is perhaps best known as home of the West Michigan Whitecaps, an affiliate of the Detroit Tigers. (more on Wikipedia)


text:
SANTA TERESA >> U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers working at the Santa Teresa Port of Entry commercial cargo facility seized 32.5 pounds of cocaine Thursday, according to a news release. The drugs have an approximate value of $1,040,000.
The seizure was made around 10:48 a.m. when a 2005 Ford F-150 pickup hauling an empty goose neck trailer entered the Santa Teresa cargo facility from Mexico. CBP officers selected the vehicle for a gamma-ray exam and identified several anomalies in the appearance of the trailer. The vehicle was moved to the inspection dock where CBP officers drilled one of the trailer axels and extracted a white powdery substance. CBP officers removed a total of 21 bundles.
CBP officers arrested the male driver, 61-year-old Pedro Vargas Salas of Cuauhtémoc, Mexico. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement HSI special agents took custody of the subject and will continue to investigate the failed smuggling attempt.


text:
Lite Source LS-8870PS/WHT Deion Arch Floor LampItem # HN-LSI376
- Overall dimensions: 64-watt x 74H in.
- Modern luxurious arched floor lamp
- Metal base with polished-steel finish
- Pleated, spherical white shade
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Comments about Lite Source LS-8870PS/WHT Deion Arch Floor Lamp:
I've been looking for this type of lamp to put over my game table for a long time. I finally found this one at hayneedle, reasonably priced and I just love it. Thank you hayneedle, I LOVE YOUR SITE!!
- Area of Illumination
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I love this lamp! I needed a lamp that could act as a chandelier over an extra dining table.
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Focus Stocks
New York, January 21st (TradersHuddle.com) - Shares of Altera Corporation (NASDAQ:ALTR) closed the trading session at $35.70 with its price action in a very tight range, given that calculated support is set at $34.15 and the calculated resistance is set at $36.03.
Altera Corporation (NASDAQ:ALTR) designs, manufactures, and markets programmable logic devices and associated development tools. The Company's products, include a variety of programmable logic devices and hardcopy application-specific integrated circuits. Altera serves customers primarily in the communications, computer and storage, industrial, and consumer sectors
Altera's stock price action indicates that both sellers and buyers are materializing very close to each other. This signals an area where momentum is building, since the stock can resolve by breaking out of the developing tight range.
Traders wanting to establish a position should pay close attention to Altera's price action, as any movement outside its predefined range of $34.15 and $36.03 could grasp the attention of momentum buyers that look for a big movement in the price of the stock. Traders need to be aware that tight range resolution works both ways, hence, a move below support could spark above the average selling. A tiered approach could be the best way to start a position; enter into it while the stock is in the tight range, and then add to this position as it breaks and closes above resistance.
TradersHuddle Search
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text:
If you're looking for some variety in your fitness routine, these Aylio Loop Resistance Bands, Set of 3, are just $9.99 right now. Wrap these bands around your ankles, wrists, calves, or knees to strengthen and tone. Built to last and backed by a lifetime warranty, these bands work really for for rehabbing injuries as well. With low, medium, and heavy resistance you can really mix-up the difficulty of your routine.
Shipping is free with Amazon Prime or with a qualifying $35 purchase.
Please remember: Amazon prices can change very quickly. Please verify that the price is the same as what I post before purchasing. As of 7/9/15 at 8 AM, this listed price was accurate.
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How to treat p value in R ?
I am expecting very low p values like:
I need to -log10
-log10(0) is Inf, but Inf at sense of rounding too.
But is seems that after 1.00E-308, R yields 0.
[1] 1e-308
[1] 0
Is the accuracy of p-value display with
lm function the same as the cutoff point, 1e-308, or it is just designed such that we need a cutoff point and I need to consider a different cutoff point - such as 1e-100 (for example) to replace 0 with <1e-100.


text:
Building a Highway Linear Referencing System from Preexisting Reference Marker Measurements for Transportation Data Management
Bigham, John M., Kang, Sanghyeok, URISA Journal
In the United States, each state has a department of transportation that is tasked with managing, maintaining, and developing state highways. To manage events associated with the highways, transportation data systems have been developed to store relevant event information such as pavement types, construction zones, and motor vehicle collisions. The events are stored in a database with location values that are based on distances from measured points along the highway. However, before the advent of geographic information systems (GIS), the benefit of storing the event locations was limited to tabular analyses and paper maps. GIS now can take full advantage of the spatial location information, but significant work is required to match historical measurement systems on the highways to currently available digital street networks. Making this task even more difficult is the fact that many highways have undergone significant realignments over time and known reference markers for the same location on a highway now may have different measurement values. To account for these changes, a linear referencing system (LRS) can be developed from a digital street network.
Linear referencing is the process of storing geographic locations along a linear feature based on their positions relative to measured reference locations. On a highway, intersections and ramps can serve as reference locations to calculate distances to other geographic locations along the length of the highway. Typically, as changes occur to the roadway, new measurements are developed to account for the differences in the length of the route. For example, a bypass could be constructed, increasing the length of a highway that originally traversed through a city. New measure markers are placed along the bypass, but the entire length of the highway is not recalculated to maintain the consistency of previous event locations. In this situation, the beginning and end measurements of the highway remain the same, but the true distance of the route no longer would be equal to the original distance after the realignment. The ability to incorporate and represent these multiple measurements for the same route is fundamental to the concept of linear referencing and for effective transportation data management.
At the national level, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (2011) maintains a highway inventory system known as the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) (http://www. fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/hpms.cfm). HPMS contains information on the condition, extent, performance, use, and operating characteristics of the nation's roadways to accommodate a data-driven process for analysis, planning, and funding allocation purposes. States are required to submit roadway geometry information for all public roads with an associated LRS, but are at different stages of the submission process. The final long-term goal is to have a complete, standardized LRS accessible to the public for all roadways in the country. However, this is an ongoing task and many local agencies or private consulting firms have immediate needs for an LRS to locate different types of events on highways. There also may be a need to build an LRS on a newer or more accurate street network for various projects. Therefore, regardless of a national system, local systems frequently are necessary.
Numerous studies have been devoted to conceptual data modeling of linear referencing systems (Vonderohe and Hepworth 1998, Fletcher et al. 1998, Easa and Chan 1999, Adams et al. 2000, Adams et al. 2001, Scarponcini 2002, Curtin et al. 2007). Of these, most of the transportation-focused LRS literature outlines data models or best practices for developing new systems (Fletcher et al. 1998, Kiel et al. 1999, Scarponcini 2002, Steiner et al. 2002, Curtin et al. 2007, Zhang et al. 2010). They provide a comprehensive process for building an LRS from scratch and present guidelines for defining the base measuring system that can be used in new data models. …


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This silver unity candle holder set will add a beautiful touch in displaying the candles you use on your wedding day. This 3 piece set includes 2 Taper holders and 1 Pillar holder. Measuresment: 14" x 6" x 4".
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|Thread Tools
I'm currently a substitute teacher in a state that has recently adopted the Common Core Standards. It has only been implemented in kindergarten so far in our district. I am also close to completing a master's degree in elementary ed. In the last year, I have had 12 hours of math course that are geared to teaching math in alignment to the Common Core Standards. With the CCS, math instruction is focused more on conceptual knowledge and problem solving skills than procedural knowledge. The math standards were written to replace the ones that forced curriculum that was "an inch deep and a mile wide."
The ironic thing about CCSS claiming to replace curriculum that are "an inch deep and a mile wide" is that the ELA
books we have so far that are aligned to CCSS is full of partial readings of many things. We went deeper into fewer pieces BEFORE CCSS.
We haven't seen any CC LA readers, thankfully. The infinite spiral (aka going in circles to my kids) for upper levels of math really concerns me. Geometry really never seems to get more than an inch deep.
Troll? Here's me...
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We have some teachers here on the thread can elaborate but my impression is that CC is a set of standards - not a curriculum - and that the teachers I know feel that the standards are preferable to previous standards. I think that before choosing to fight CC in your district or your kids' school that you should talk to your teachers about what they're experiencing.
I know that for my DC's elementary school CC was nothing more than blip because they had already embraced a lot of the values of CC (according to them) as part of the core values of the school. For them, early literacy and timed testing are not at all part of their philosophy so I'm surprised to hear that this is how your district is applying CC.
On CC, I'm curious to know how political this thing is? Because it came about under a democratic president, are we seeing support or resistance down party lines, I wonder? Our city is a largely democratic city so that could be in play here.
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@slbrooks , this looks like a pretty good description of CC for K-2. Early elementary school teachers can weigh in on how this standard is different from previous standards: http://www.corestandards.org/assets/Publishers_Criteria_for_K-2.pdf
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Common Core is not about education, or developing free thinking, creative, intelligent students. Common Core is standardization; a one size fits all with a rigid set of performance. Every student without exception - mainstream or special needs - is expected to reach the same benchmarks at the same time at every grade level. Impossible!! Children develop at...
different rates. Children whose talents and abilities that lay outside of what a test can "test" - creativity, artistry, athleticism and more - will be labeled a failure when their minds work differently.
The Common Core standards are now lower than NY's old standards. Algebra 1 is pushed from 8th grade to 9th grade; and the standards end at Algebra 2. Creative, complex literature to develop true critical thinking skills (including writing and understanding complex sentences and themes) is not a part of Common Core. These are just the tips of the iceberg. The writers of the Common Core have no education experience, no experience in education. Jason Zimba - lead writer on math - has testified under oath that the math standards are "fuzzy and only prepare at most for a 2 year college. In David Coleman's own words - lead writer of the ELA standards - that he had no business in writing the ELA standards.
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There are aspects of the CC that I'm struggling with, but they aren't the death of education in this country,
My son has special needs and the curriculum is absolutely adapted for him. The standards are the same but the methodology and the curriculum are addressed in his IEP.
There are aspects of the CC that I'm struggling with, but they aren't the death of education in this country,
I live in a different country so I have absolutely no opinion about CC nor any stake in it. But unless I'm misunderstanding, you're saying that your ds has to attain the same standards of mastery as other students, but he can be taught and evaluated differently according to his IEP -- which sounds great if he's capable of attaining the same standards of mastery with that individualized support. But I'm curious how adaptable the Common Core standards are for students who aren't capable of attaining the same level of mastery as their non-special-needs peers.
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I guess I am maybe cynical in general about how the US can manage its population of students. So, I wouldn't expect the CC to address the needs of students with special needs especially well, no, but I don't know that any set of standards can, yk? I guess you could say that I'm not super impressed with CC but am somewhat encouraged to see that the two schools my DC attended (which were wonderful schools) feel good about the standards.
I just had a quick read on my DC's current curriculum (IB) and how they feel about CC. In a brief look, it seems like International Baccalaureate curriculum fits well with the standards of CC. To my knowledge that school (my DC's current school) has not changed any curriculum programs (though perhaps the ones they subscribed to for English and Math adapted to CC). That same thing goes for my DC's previous school. Both of these schools are public schools that welcome all students. My guess is that meeting the needs of students with disabilities will be covered under previous laws, which admittedly could do better.
My opinions (if you're asking me) that CC is not leaving students with disabilities in the dust (any more than the current standards) is based in the lack of opposition I've seen in the teachers in my life, many of whom specialize in teaching children with special needs and 100% of whom care deeply about making education available to all children.
I'll be getting together with some educators (and we have a bunch on this thread too) and will ask them how they feel CC will do for students with special needs. What have the educators at your DC's school have to say on the issue? Do they share your frustration?
I read this earlier today and thought it was a good, basic article. http://www.pewstates.org/projects/stateline/headlines/qa-common-questions-about-the-common-core-85899523670
A 2012 study by Tom Loveless of the left-leaning Brookings Institution argues that the Common Core will likely have "very little impact" on student achievement because state policies have little impact on what goes on in classrooms, which is likely to have a much greater impact on student learning, such as the quality of teaching.
I guess I would say that I don't think a quality set of national standards is the problem with our education system and I don't think it's going to fix the main issues...but as a parent with a dog in this fight and who has been happy with schools that were out on the front end of this set of standards that I'm willing to give it a try.
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Because this is an old thread and I've come to learn a bit about CC since originally posting, I read through a bit...
As parents I don't think we can separate what we think will be good for our kids from reading and forming an opinion about public education. As it happens, this type of reading (along with explicit reading instruction) is just what my DC needed. Comprehension was her strong point and decoding was what she needed explained to her.
Likewise, my DC is a total "meet expectations" kid...but for her it tends to stop there. For her a deeper curriculum that forces her to expand on ideas works well. That's what we see in her school now but, again, I'm not sure how much of this is CC and how much of it is part of the school's general philosophy for education. DC has been doing ratios and now some pre-algebra type stuff for the entire half-year. For her, I like it. I can see how a really curious, driven kid could get more from being introduced to more topics.
As for the fiction/non-fiction. Again, this is hard to view from outside our own kids learning type. My DC will do well with more non-fiction. But, like (I think it was Mary) suggested, they are doing some fiction in social studies and she loves that too.
I was recently at a meeting for 6th grade students who had gone on to several different public middle schools. Every one of them was reading "Roll of Thunder Hear Me Cry". DC was a struggling reader so I can sympathize with what it would be like to be left out of independently reading a book all your peers are reading. On the other hand, it was a nice bonding experience for DC to be reading the same book as all her other friends in town.
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My stance is that this will only grow into something ugly. I do not think corporations and federal government (although they claim they are not behind it) should be determining what is best for my young, impressionable children. There was nothing wrong with our education system to begin with. They have skewed an education crisis in this country. New York State has excellent schools across the state and was listed pretty high in education a while back. Maybe in 2001 when I looked into it. I was living in New Mexico and looking into state rakings during that time to compare New Mexico with other states and vice versa. Just for my own research. In fact, a school in Wisconsin which is considered the best in the country just opposed the standards.
If I were a stay-at-home mother I would homeschool like a friend of mine is doing.
I think I've made my peace with a lot of what I view as less-than-ideal about public education. Most of that was included in the article you posted. I'm open to CC being a good thing, a bad thing, and by my best guess a thing that has goals that never come to fruition. Marion Brandy seems like a pretty interesting dude.
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I wanted to add that my state is often listed as the state with the top schools in the country. Our city, the lowest in the state (I assume). While I've heard some really compelling ideas about how we aren't in an educational crisis, one would never make that claim if living in my city. But, like what Marion Brandy says, these issues are less to do with standards and more to do with other social issues. I agree 100% that teaching kids how to think and how to learn is so very important. But, it's not like all these schools are doing this and now that we have Common Core they won't have the time. My experience has been the opposite - the school my DC attended who prided themselves on teaching kids how to think is a school that already complied with most CC standards.
I don't know, I think public schools has its share of problems. I don't think CC is going to make a big difference one way or another.
BTW, it looks like NYC may be getting our city's previous CEO of schools. I'm jealous. :-)
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So I just reviewed the thread, too. My dd2 is in a different grade with a different teacher now and the non-fiction issue is completely gone. Her teacher this year is a great teacher and has a lot of independent reading time where kids can choose books (fiction or non-fiction) from the classroom library. Dd2 is still reading and writing up a storm (just finished a 300pp book in 2 days, and started writing a new story today). Dd1 had the same teacher before Common Core was implemented and I'm not seeing much different in his style this year. He's an award-winning teacher who is very project and hands-on oriented.
I think dd2's teacher last year was very concerned with the CC standards, but I'm not really seeing it this year except in the math worksheets. They require the student to do a little more writing in words to explain their strategy for solving the problem. Occasionally dd2 does get frustrated with this, but it's usually not a big deal for her. It's kind of like that old demonstration of an algorithm by breaking down the steps to making a peanut butter sandwich (first go to the cabinet and get the peanut butter, then open the jar of peanut butter, then get a knife out of the drawer, then get two pieces of bread, etc, etc, etc). When you already know the steps it's so much easier to just say "I made a peanut butter sandwich" than to have to go through it step by step. How did you solve the problem of how to divide the 24 cookies between the 3 friends? First I blah, blah, blah instead of just 24/3=8.
So, really, I'm back to I think it all depends on the teacher and to some extent the administration (if the teachers have a principal or superintendent who is really gung-ho).
Still not an issue at dd2's charter school at all.
"All you fascists are bound to lose" — Woody Guthrie
The CC is just a set of standards. My state has had standards for years. It doesn't mean that all children will be able to meet those standards. The children's IEP's are the framework for the necessary modifications.
I live in a different country so I have absolutely no opinion about CC nor any stake in it. But unless I'm misunderstanding, you're saying that your ds has to attain the same standards of mastery as other students, but he can be taught and evaluated differently according to his IEP -- which sounds great if he's capable of attaining the same standards of mastery with that individualized support. But I'm curious how adaptable the Common Core standards are for students who aren't capable of attaining the same level of mastery as their non-special-needs peers.
My son has ADHD-inattentive and Auditory Processing Disorder. He is reasonably on grade level in Reading (with special resource support and very modified assessment.) he is about two years behind in math. His classroom teacher and resource teacher modify his math lessons. Sometimes he works with the whole class, other times it is more appropriate for him to work with the resource skills on the prerequisite skills that he is lacking. DS's friend had pretty significant special needs. His work is much more modified than my son's and he works with their resource teacher more during the day.
Our school district doesn't give letter grades in elementary school. They do a checklist based on mastery of skills.
Sigh... I watched that video. Again, there is nothing new there. I'm going to bow out of this because I don't want to get into a political debate over this. I understand that there are personal values about the size and scope of government that will make certain people really nervous about CC.
If your DC's schools are giving you the impression that CC is preventing them from meeting the needs of your kids -- that is of great concern. But, there are always excuses and reasons that a school or teacher can give for why they are not able to meet the needs of their students. I have seen my DC's kids administrators work through a lot of challenges to educating their students - poverty, lack of resources, standardized testing, dealing with expectations of parents.
Of course supporting schools as a parent is a balance of looking at national issues and working locally to support individual schools. But, if it were my kids' school telling me that they can't give "4s" because of CC, or that my kindergartner had to do worksheets (at all!) or especially ones that were not developmentally appropriate, or that they could not figure a way to mitigate stress of testing for a 3rd grader, I would be asking the school why they are not able to meet the standards of CC without sacrificing education to the degree that your DC's school is.
With my DC's school I would be approaching the situation like this, "For right now we have CC. I will help you counter this influence if you feel it interfering with education. But, if we are stuck with CC for the time being, I would like to know how I can help you work with CC and still provide a quality education for my children."
Interesting study on teacher perspective on CC: http://www.edweek.org/media/epe_survey_teacher_perspctives_common_core_2013.pdf
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Again, that's your school and your teacher. My school and my child's teacher has no problem with Common Core. It's not the Common Core standards, necessarily, that affect the individual child it's how it's implemented. My kid got all 4s on her report card. If your child's teacher and principal report that they "refuse" to give 4s under Common Core that's on them (and your kid) not on Common Core.
I am not in love with Common Core, as I mentioned in this thread last year, but I don't see the way it's being implemented in my kids' schools to be a big problem at all.
Slbrooks, was your child in school last year? I don't even know if Common Core touches on pre-K. As I mentioned I thought the teacher my child had last year was more concerned with Common Core and really pushed the non-fiction, but this year's teacher is pretty much just doing what he's always done, which is be an excellent teacher, and Common Core is not getting in his way at all. It may be that next year your child will have a better teacher than she has this year.
"All you fascists are bound to lose" — Woody Guthrie
Here is a great video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lc1KLDVY5QA&feature=share It describes the problem that most of us don't even know what it is. I am glad you are not finding problems with it in your schools but I am. I still and always will have a problem with the expectation that a 5.5 year old can do a worksheet that she can't even read and needs help from an adult to complete. Oh I can't wait for first grade. Eye roll I'm being sarcastic. If I were not a working mom I would be homeschooling.
My daughter was in kindergarten last year. It was our state's first year with the CC. She rarely did worksheets and when she did, they were no different than the ones my son did when they were in kindergarten.
I hope the common core is gone before the children get to be in high school because I feel that is really where they will suffer and then perhaps not even getting into college. This is for ALL children I am not just speaking of mine!
No my kindergartener was in a daycare before this year. She has just started kindergarten this year and I am worried about her learning more with the common core to be honest. In 1st grade they should just be focused on reading period; the end; it is stressful enough to learn to read. They have already upped the kindergarten expectation that they read at level D instead of level C like last year. It is insane! Let them be kids, have fun, etc.
This school was fine before they implemented common core. It is my oldest who is 8 that I am referring to when I said that she is not getting any 4's because they do not know how to give them out. I have emailed the school's principal who did not even bother to respond to me. He responded to a friend of mine and recommended her seeing the school psychologist. She is now homeschooling her daughter who is in 2nd grade. I completely agree and support her decision because it is a better decision.
These all sound like big red flags to me and I want to gently say that perhaps your focus on CC is obstructing how you handle all the issues that your DC's school is struggling with. We have an entire board here at Mothering dedicated to talking to other parents and members who are invested in learning at school. There you can discuss issues like communication problems with administrators, developmentally appropriate expectations for grade levels and dealing with the stress of standardized testing. All of these issues, IME, are things that we face as parents both before and after the roll out of CC.
The truth is that CC has nothing in the world to do with the fact that your principal didn't email you back. But it is inexcusable. It has encouraged the rumor mill to circulate with speculations about why kids weren't given higher grades. That's an unhealthy environment. Any good principal should be focused on nipping all of this in the bud.
If you move forward with a meeting (I would!) I can let you know that our school principal LOVES when parents approach her first from a "Can you tell me more about..." state of mind. In your case, "After not hearing back from you in regards to my question regarding grading this year I spoke with some parents who are under the impression that students are not receiving 4s because of the Common Core standards. Can you tell me more about the changes I've observed in my child's grade this year?" From there you can express your feelings for whatever she/he tells you about the grades. If the rumor is true, I would be asking how the school plans to communicate the new grading system to students and parents so that they understand that the seemingly lower grades are not a reflection on what they are learning.
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I think it is pointless to meet with the principal he is pro-common core to the point that it has obviously not been implemented correctly. I'd be curious to know where you guys live that have schools implementing it correctly. I talked to my sister about it in Pennsylvania and she claims her kids are doing well in school also. I don't know if it is just NY.
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