text:
Teen Titans
|Teen Titans
Promotional cover art for Teen Titans vol. 3, #50
by Alé Garza.
Shown are Blue Beetle, Ravager, Wonder Girl, Robin, Kid Devil, Miss Martian and Supergirl.
|Publication information
|DC Comics
|First appearance
|The Brave and the Bold #54 (June–July 1964)
|Created by
|Bob Haney
Bruno Premiani
|In-story information
|Titans Tower:
New York City (1980–1991, 1999–Present)
Solar Tower, Metropolis (1997–1998), USS Argus, Earth orbit (1994–1995), Titans Liberty Island Base, New Jersey (1991–1994), Gabriel's Horn, Farmingdale, Long Island (1976), Titans' Lair, Gotham City (1966–1976)
|See:List of Teen Titans members
The Teen Titans, also known as the New Teen Titans and the Titans, are a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, often in an eponymous monthly series. As the group's name suggests, its members are teenage superheroes. The theme of teenagers learning to take on adult roles and responsibilities was common throughout the series.
The first appearance of the Teen Titans was in The Brave and the Bold #54 (1964)[1] featuring the team of Robin (Dick Grayson), Kid Flash (Wally West) and Aqualad (Garth), the sidekicks of Justice League members Batman, the Flash and Aquaman respectively.[2] The team made its first appearance under the name of "Teen Titans" in The Brave and the Bold #60, joined by new member Wonder Girl (Donna Troy), Wonder Woman's younger sister.[3] Later, Aqualad left the group and, at various times, Green Arrow's sidekick, Speedy (Roy Harper), Lillith, Hawk, Dove, Guardian, Aquagirl, Gnarrk, and Bumblebee joined the original incarnation of the team.
After only modest initial success, the series became a hit in a 1980s revival[4][5] under writer Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez, in which the team was relaunched as The New Teen Titans, aging the characters to young adulthood. Original members Robin, Wonder Girl and Kid Flash were joined by new characters Cyborg, Starfire and Raven, as well as the former Doom Patrol member Beast Boy, as Changeling. The group had several encounters with the original Titans of Greek mythology, particularly Hyperion. The series was re-titled Tales of the Teen Titans with issue #41 (April 1984). A second volume was launched in August 1984, by which time Robin had assumed the identity Nightwing and Kid Flash had been replaced by Jericho. Pérez left in 1985 to headline the DC Comics 50th Anniversary limited series Crisis on Infinite Earths. Tales of the Teen Titans was canceled in July 1988 after #91. The New Teen Titans Volume 2 was retitled The New Titans in December 1988 (issue #50) and was ultimately canceled in February 1996 after 130 issues.
The series was relaunched as Teen Titans in October 1996, with all-new members under Atom (Ray Palmer), who had been de-aged to a teenager. This series ended in September 1998 after 24 issues. A three-issue limited series titled JLA/The Titans: The Technis Imperative (December 1998 – February 1999) led to the March 1999 debut of The Titans, a series featuring select Titans from across the group's incarnations that produced 50 issues until April 2003. A new regular series titled Teen Titans began in September 2003, featuring Cyborg, Starfire, Beast Boy and Raven of the 1980s group joined by new teenaged versions of Robin (Tim Drake), Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark) and Kid Flash (Bart Allen), as well as the Superman clone Superboy (Kon-El). By 2006, the team included only the younger members and some new additions. A concurrent series titled Titans debuted in April 2008 featuring some of the original and 1980s members, such as Nightwing, Troia, Flash (Wally West), Tempest, Arsenal, Starfire, Cyborg, Beast Boy and Raven.
In September 2010, the franchise rebooted again as part of DC's The New 52 event with a new team consisting of Red Robin (Tim Drake), Wonder Girl (Cassie Sandsmark), Kid Flash (Bart Allen), Solstice, Superboy and two new members - Bunker and Skitter.
A Teen Titans animated television series ran on Cartoon Network from July 2003 to September 2006 based on the 1980s team, but differed from the original. The series spawned two comic book titles, Teen Titans Go! and Tiny Titans. The series returned as a series of mini-shorts on the DC Nation block on Cartoon Network. There was also a reboot of the series named Teen Titans Go! based on the comics.
- 1 Publication history
- 1.1 Original incarnation
- 1.2 1970s revival
- 1.3 The New Teen Titans (1980–1996)
- 1.4 Teen Titans Spotlight On
- 1.5 Team Titans
- 1.6 Teen Titans (vol. 2, 1996–1998)
- 1.7 Titans (1999–2002)
- 1.8 Teen Titans (vol. 3, 2003–2011)
- 1.9 Titans (vol. 2, 2008–2011)
- 1.10 The New 52 (Teen Titans vol. 4, 2011-2014 and Teen Titans vol.5, 2014-present)
- 2 Collected editions
- 3 In other media
- 3.1 Animation
- 3.1.1 The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure (1967–1968)
- 3.1.2 Anti-drug commercial (1984)
- 3.1.3 Teen Titans (2003–2006)
- 3.1.4 Teen Titans: The Judas Contract
- 3.1.5 Justice League: The New Frontier (2008)
- 3.1.6 Batman: The Brave and the Bold (2010)
- 3.1.7 Young Justice (2010–2013)
- 3.1.8 DC Nation (2012)
- 3.1.9 Teen Titans Go! (2013–Present)
- 3.1.10 Mad (2010)
- 3.1.11 Justice League Vs. Titans (2016)
- 3.2 Undeveloped live-action film
- 3.3 Live-action television
- 3.4 Video games
- 3.5 Cultural references
- 3.1 Animation
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Publication history[edit]
|Teen Titans
The original Teen Titans (Wonder Girl, Aqualad, Robin, Kid Flash). Cover of Showcase #59 (December 1965). Art by Nick Cardy.
|Publication information
|DC Comics
|Publication date
|(vol. 1)
January 1966 – February 1978[6]
(vol. 2)
October 1996 – September 1998
(vol. 3)
September 2003 – October 2011
(vol. 4)
November 2011 – June 2014
(vol. 5)
September 2014 - Present
|Number of issues
|(vol. 1): 53
(vol. 2): 24
(vol. 3): 100
(vol. 4): 33 (#1-30 plus issues numbered 0, 23.1 and 23.2)
(vol. 5): 5 (as of February 2015 cover date)
|Creative team
|(vol. 1)
Bob Haney
(vol. 2)
Dan Jurgens
(vol. 3)
Geoff Johns
(vol. 4)
Scott Lobdell
|(vol. 1)
Nick Cardy, Gil Kane, Art Saaf, Neal Adams
(vol. 2)
Dan Jurgens
(vol. 3)
Mike McKone, Al Barrionuevo, Eddy Barrows, Ed Benes
(vol. 4)
Brett Booth
|(vol. 1):
Bob Haney
Nick Cardy
(vol. 2):
Dan Jurgens
(vol. 3):
Geoff Johns
Mike McKone
(vol. 4):
Scott Lobdell
Brett Booth
Original incarnation[edit]
Robin (Dick Grayson), Kid Flash (Wally West) and Aqualad teamed up to defeat a weather-controlling villain known as Mister Twister in The Brave and the Bold #54 (July 1964) by writer Bob Haney and artist Bruno Premiani.[7] They appeared under the name "Teen Titans" in The Brave and the Bold #60 (July 1965), joined by Wonder Woman's younger sister Wonder Girl (Donna Troy).[3][8][9] After being featured in Showcase #59 (December 1965), the Teen Titans were spun off into their own series with Teen Titans #1 by Haney and artist Nick Cardy.[10]
The series' original premise had the Teen Titans helping teenagers and answering calls. Comics historian Les Daniels noted that Haney "took some ribbing for the writing style that described the Teen Titans as 'the Cool Quartet' or 'the Fab Foursome'. The attempt to reach the youth culture then embracing performers like the Beatles and Bob Dylan impressed some observers."[11] Green Arrow's sidekick Speedy makes guest appearances[12][13] before officially joining the team in Teen Titans #19.[14] Aqualad takes a leave of absence from the group in the same issue,[14] but makes several later guest appearances,[15][16] sometimes with girlfriend Aquagirl.[17] Neal Adams was called upon to rewrite and redraw a Teen Titans story which had been written by Len Wein and Marv Wolfman. The story, titled "Titans Fit the Battle of Jericho!", would have introduced DC's first African American superhero but was rejected by publisher Carmine Infantino.[18] The revised story appeared in Teen Titans #20 (March–April 1969). Wolfman and Gil Kane created an origin for Wonder Girl in Teen Titans #22 (July–Aug. 1969) and introduced her new costume.[19] Psychic Lilith Clay[20] and Mal Duncan also join the group.[21] Beast Boy of the Doom Patrol makes a guest appearance seeking membership, but was rejected as too young at the time;[22] existing heroes Hawk and Dove, a duo of teenaged super powered brothers, appear in issue #21;[23] and time-displaced caveman Gnarrk aids the team in two issues.[24][25]
The series explored events such as inner-city racial tension and protests against the Vietnam War. One storyline beginning in issue #25 (February 1970) saw the Titans deal with the accidental death of a peace activist, leading them to reconsider their methods.[26] As a result, the Teen Titans briefly abandoned their identities to work as ordinary civilians, but the effort was quickly abandoned. Along the way, Aqualad left the series and the character of Mr. Jupiter, who was Lilith's mentor and employer was introduced. He financially backed the Titans for a brief period. The series was canceled with #43 (January–February 1973).[27]
1970s revival[edit]
The series resumed with issue #44 (November 1976).[28] The stories included the introduction of the African-American superheroine Bumblebee,[29] the introduction of the "Titans West" team, consisting of a number of other teen heroes including Bat-Girl (Betty Kane) and Golden Eagle[30] and the introduction of Joker's Daughter in #48. The revival was short-lived and the series was canceled as of #53 (February 1978), that featured an origin story.[31] At the end, they realized that, now in their early 20s, they had outgrown the "Teen" Titans. In the last panel, without speaking, they go their separate ways.
The title appeared again in 1999 for the Teen Titans Annual #1, 1967 issue (ISBN 1-56389-486-6), a one-shot special that reprinted selected Silver Age stories in the 1960s-style 80-Page Giant format. An Annual issue was also published at that time.
The New Teen Titans (1980–1996) [edit]
DC Comics Presents #26 introduced a new team of Titans, anchored by Robin, Wonder Girl and Kid Flash and soon followed by The New Teen Titans #1 (November 1980). The series, created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez, re-introduced Beast Boy as Changeling and introduced the machine man Cyborg, the alien Starfire and the dark empath Raven.[32] Raven, an expert manipulator, forms the group to fight her demonic father Trigon the Terrible and the team remains together.
Wolfman and Pérez's working relationship quickly evolved to the point where they were plotting the series jointly. Wolfman recalled that "once George moved to the same town I lived in, only five blocks or so away, we usually got together for lunch and would work out a story over the next few hours. In many cases I would then go home and write up a plot based on it, or sometimes George would take the verbal plotting we did and take it from there."[33]
The team's adversaries included Deathstroke the Terminator,[34] a mercenary who takes a contract to kill the Titans to fulfill a job his son had been unable to complete. This led to perhaps the most notable Titans storyline of the era. 1984's "The Judas Contract", in Tales of the Teen Titans #42-44 and Teen Titans Annual #3[35] featured a psychopathic girl named Terra with the power to manipulate earth and all earth-related materials. She infiltrates the Titans in order to destroy them. "The Judas Contract" won the Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Award for "Favorite Comic Book Story" of 1984,[35] and was later reprinted as a standalone trade paperback in 1988.[36] Robin adopts the identity of Nightwing,[37] while Wally West gives up his Kid Flash persona and quits the Titans. It also featured the introduction of a new member in Jericho, Deathstroke's other son.
Other notable New Teen Titans stories included "A Day in the Lives...",[38] presenting a day in the team members' personal lives; "Who is Donna Troy?",[39] depicting Robin investigating Wonder Girl's origins; and "We Are Gathered Here Today...",[40] telling the story of Wonder Girl's wedding.[citation needed] Tales of the New Teen Titans, a four-part limited series by Wolfman and Pérez, was published in 1982, detailing the back-stories of Cyborg, Raven, Changeling and Starfire.
The New Teen Titans and the Uncanny X-Men[edit]
The New Teen Titans was widely thought of as DC's answer to the increasingly popular Uncanny X-Men from Marvel Comics, as both series featured all-new members and depicted young heroes from disparate backgrounds whose internal conflicts were as integral to the series as was their combat against villains. The two teams met in the 1982 crossover one-shot entitled "Apokolips... Now", which teamed Darkseid, Deathstroke and Dark Phoenix against both teams. The story was written by Chris Claremont and drawn by Walt Simonson and Terry Austin.[41][42]
The New Teen Titans (vol. 2)[edit]
The New Teen Titans relaunched with a new #1 issue in August 1984[43] as part of a new initiative at DC informally referred to as "hardcover/softcover". The New Teen Titans along with Legion of Super-Heroes and Batman and the Outsiders were the first and only titles included in this program. The same stories were published twice, first in a more expensive edition with higher-quality printing and paper distributed exclusively to comic book specialty stores, then republished a year later in the original format, distributed to newsstands. The title was renamed Tales of the Teen Titans, while a new concurrently published series named The New Teen Titans (vol. 2) launched with a new #1. After both titles ran new stories for one year, the former book began reprinting the latter's stories, continuing until the idea was abandoned after #91.
Issue #1 of New Teen Titans (vol. 2) created controversy when Grayson and Starfire were depicted in bed together, although it had been established for some time that they were a couple. The initial storyline, "The Terror of Trigon",[44] featured Raven's demon father attempting to take over Earth and Raven's own struggle to remain good despite Trigon's demonic blood inside her. Pérez left the series after issue #5.[45] José Luis García-López followed Pérez as the title's artist and Eduardo Barreto followed García-López. Paul Levitz scripted and wrote several issues of the Brother Blood saga when Wolfman briefly left. Pérez temporarily returned with issue #50, when the series took the name The New Titans without the "Teen" prefix, as the characters were no longer teenagers.
Issue #50 told a new origin story for Wonder Girl, her link to Wonder Woman having been severed due to retcons created in the aftermath of Crisis on Infinite Earths. Pérez sketched through issues #55, 57 and 60, while only providing layouts for issues #58-59 and 61, with artist Tom Grummett finishing pencils and Bob McLeod as inker. Pérez remained as cover inker to issues #62-67. He would return for the series finale #130 (Feb. 1996) providing cover art. Wolfman and Grummett revitalized the series[46] with new characters and put older characters through radical changes. Members during this time included Phantasm,[47] Pantha[48] and Red Star.[49]
Other new members of the team in the latter part of the run included Impulse,[50] Damage,[50] Green Lantern (Kyle Rayner),[51] Supergirl,[52] Rose Wilson[53] Minion[54] and Baby Wildebeest. As a result, the group that appeared in #130 had little resemblance to earlier lineups.
|New Teen Titans
Cover to The New Teen Titans #1 (November 1980). Art by George Pérez and Dick Giordano.
|Publication information
|DC Comics
|Publication date
|The New Teen Titans:
November 1980 – March 1984
Tales of the Teen Titans:
April 1984 – July 1988
The New Teen Titans vol. 2:
August 1984 – November 1988
The New Titans:
December 1988 – February 1996
|Number of issues
|The New Teen Titans:
Tales of the Teen Titans:
The New Teen Titans vol. 2:
The New Titans:
50-130 plus issue numbered 0
|Creative team
|Marv Wolfman
|George Pérez
Eduardo Barreto
Tom Grummett
John Byrne
José Luis García-López
|Romeo Tanghal
|Marv Wolfman
George Pérez
Teen Titans Spotlight On[edit]
Another new title was launched in August 1986, this time to focus less on the team itself than on individual Titans, hence "Spotlight".[55] The series aimed to "put the spotlight on individual members of the Teen Titans, one at a time and let each story dictate how many issues it should run".[56] Most storylines occupied a single issue, after the series launched with a two-part focus on Starfire and a four-issue highlighting of Jericho.[55] One issue focused on another team, the Brotherhood of Evil. The series spanned 21 issues, culminating in a "Spotlight" on the 1960s Teen Titans team as a whole (April 1988).[57]
Team Titans[edit]
The Team Titans were one of 100 groups sent back through time to prevent the birth of Lord Chaos, the son of Donna Troy and Terry Long. Their mission was to kill the pregnant Troy before she could give birth. Mirage, Killowat, Redwing, Terra, Dagon, Prestor Jon and Battalion made up the team.
Teen Titans (vol. 2, 1996–1998)[edit]
Teen Titans was written and penciled by Dan Jurgens. It began in 1996 with a new #1 (October 1996), with Pérez as inker for the first 15 issues. Atom, who had become a teenager following the events of Zero Hour, leads the brand-new team (of Prysm, Joto, Risk and Argent). Arsenal became a mentor about halfway through. The series ended in September 1998.
A contest was held in the letters pages to determine who would join the team. Robin (Tim Drake), won the vote, but editors on the Batman titles banned his appearance, forcing Jurgens to use Captain Marvel Jr. instead.[citation needed] His inclusion failed to boost sales and the series was then canceled.
Titans (1999–2002)[edit]
The team returned in a three-issue limited series, JLA/Titans: The Technis Imperative,[58] featuring nearly every Titan and showcased the return of Cyborg. This led into Titans, written by Devin Grayson,[59] starting with Titans Secret Files #1 (March 1999).
This team consisted of Nightwing, Troia, Arsenal, Tempest, Wally West, Starfire, Cyborg, Changeling, Damage and Argent. One new member, Jesse Quick, joined. This team lasted until issue #50 (2002). The West Coast branch of the team, Titans L.A., appeared once, in the pages of Titans Secret Files #2.
Between Teen Titans and Titans, a new generation of young heroes formed a team in Young Justice, consisting of Superboy, Robin, Impulse, Wonder Girl, Secret and Arrowette. The two series concluded with the three-issue limited series Titans/Young Justice: Graduation Day, which led to two new series: Teen Titans and Outsiders.
Teen Titans (vol. 3, 2003–2011)[edit]
Writer Geoff Johns' Teen Titans series began in 2003.[60] Most of the members had been part of Young Justice. Johns wrote the book for forty-five issues. Adam Beechen then wrote four issues from #46 to #49. Sean McKeever wrote from #50 through #71.[61][62] Following McKeever, Bryan Q. Miller wrote issues #72-74, followed by Felicia Henderson.
The series' original lineup parallels the lineup of Marv Wolfman's New Teen Titans series: Cyborg, Starfire and Beast Boy return, joined by Robin, Superboy, Wonder Girl and Kid Flash. Johns was unable to use Static due to legal issues.[63] Raven re-joins the team in issue #12 and the new Speedy joins the team in Green Arrow #46, first appearing in the Titans book in issue #21. Starfire left for the Outsiders. During the "Insiders" crossover with The Outsiders (issues #24–25), Superboy comes under Lex Luthor's control and attacks the team, afterwards taking a leave of absence that ends during Infinite Crisis. The team would rebuilt the titans tower again by cyborg back in the Hudson River. The new Titans Tower has a memorial hall with statues of the fallen Titans.
One Year Later: The new Teen Titans[edit]
One year after Infinite Crisis, Robin has returned to the Teen Titans while Wonder Girl has quit to fight the Brotherhood of Evil, Starfire is missing in action after going into space, Raven's whereabouts are unknown and Beast Boy has left to join the new Doom Patrol along with Bumblebee and Herald (now called Vox). Speedy is on an island with Connor Hawke. Kid Flash becomes the fourth Flash. Cyborg is damaged and has been inactive since his return from space, but 16-year-old genius twins Wendy and Marvin, repair him, giving him new abilities. New members include Kid Devil and Ravager.
During the lost year, at least 24[64] new members joined the team. Without proper leadership the new members were unable to work together.
Robin, Kid Devil and Ravager reform the Teen Titans along with Wonder Girl, Cyborg, Raven, Miss Martian and a resurrected Jericho.[65] Robin tells Wonder Girl that he believes Raven could bring Superboy back to life, as she did with Jericho.[66] Raven reveals that she cannot because Conner's soul has moved on.[67] A memorial to Superboy is erected outside Titans Tower. Unknown to the other Titans, Robin has secretly been attempting to clone Superboy, making nearly 100 failed attempts.
The Titans face a group calling themselves "Titans East" led by Deathstroke. The team includes Risk, Sun Girl, Batgirl, Kid Crusader, Match, Inertia, Duela Dent and Enigma.[68] Deathstroke manipulates Titans East by blackmailing Risk, drugging Batgirl and giving Inertia "Velocity 9", a drug which allows super-speed without adverse effects. Robin cures Batgirl and she, along with Duela Dent, defeats Deathstroke's team.
Soon after, events related to the Countdown story arc impact the Titans. Duela Dent and Bart Allen are killed. Cyborg leaves, Supergirl joins and Blue Beetle is invited to train.
The Titans Tomorrow return, allied with Lex Luthor, to alter the present to fit their future. During the fight, Miss Martian's future self reveals the rationale behind the Sinestro Corps and their war to subjugate the universe. The vision spurs Miss Martian to free Robin, who again confronts his future self, Batman. Cassie intervenes and changes the future by kissing Robin, causing the future versions to fade away. The Titans then join the fight against the Sinestro Corps.
After the encounter with future selves, Supergirl quits. Cassie and Tim begin a relationship, while Kid Devil pines for Rose. Miss Martian finds that her mind was implanted with a piece of her future demented psyche. Kid Devil is left in Titans Tower alone and throws a massive party for local Titans fans, which leads to him being captured by Dreadbolt.
Later Ravager and the twins are attacked inside the tower by Persuader and Copperhead, who are being directed by the Clock King. Disruptor is sent to capture Miss Martian. Clock King's group is the Terror Titans. He intends to sell his captives to the "Dark Side Club"[69] to fight in the combat arena. M'gann frees Kid Devil from Clock King. Robin, Wonder Girl and Blue Beetle help defeat the Terror Titans. Following the attack, Kid Devil sets out to capture Shockwave and is helped by Blue Beetle. Although they argue the whole time, they eventually stop Shockwave. After the battle Eddie takes the name Red Devil, along with a new costume. Miss Martian suddenly leaves the team assuring them she'd return.
After the Batman R.I.P storyline, Robin leaves and Wonder Girl leads the team. Red Devil loses his powers after Brother Blood absorbs them. Miss Martian returns with several teen heroes liberated from the Dark Side Club. A new team is formed: Wonder Girl, Blue Beetle and the now powerless Red Devil are joined by Kid Eternity and Static, with Aquagirl, Miss Martian and Bombshell signing up.[70][71] In Teen Titans #74, Red Devil is killed and Kid Eternity is kidnapped by the Calculator.
During the events of the Blackest Night crossover, some dead Titans are resurrected as members of the Black Lantern Corps. Static, Miss Martian, Blue Beetle, Raven, Bombshell and Aquagirl all have the day off, so an emergency team consisting of Donna Troy, Cyborg, Wonder Girl, Starfire, Beast Boy, Kid Flash and the new Hawk and Dove, is formed to defend the Tower. In the ensuing battle, Hawk is killed after her predecessor Hank Hall tears her heart out.
Starting in the May 2010 issue, a new back-up feature called The Coven began running, featuring Black Alice, Zachary Zatara and Traci 13.[72]
In #83 Blue Beetle leaves to visit his mother and is drafted into the new Justice League International during the events of Justice League: Generation Lost. Kid Eternity is revealed to have been beaten to death by the Calculator.
J. T. Krul became the writer with issue #88 and penciller Nicola Scott became the book's artist. The issue's teaser shows a line-up of Superboy, Wonder Girl, Raven, Beast Boy, Kid Flash and Ravager. The Titans undergo this roster change in issue #87, the final issue before Krul's run. Following a mission to an alternate dimension to rescue Raven, the team splits. Bombshell and Aquagirl are missing in action, Miss Martian is in a coma and she and a powerless Static leaves with Cyborg to go to Cadmus Labs in order to find a way to restore his powers.
Damian Wayne, the current Robin, is announced as a new team member,[73] officially joining in #89. A series for Static was announced.[74] In January 2011, new Titan Solstice debuted in the January 2011 Wonder Girl one-shot. She entered the main Teen Titans title following the crossover with the Red Robin series.[75] During the crossover, Tim asks the Titans for help in tracking down the Calculator after he tries to kill his friend Tam Fox Tim rejoins the team as Red Robin (rather than Robin). Following this, Damian quits the team.[76]
The book concluded with a three-part storyline spanning issues 98 to 100, which saw Superboy-Prime return to destroy the team. A large group of former Titans arrived and the series ultimately ended with Prime trapped in the Source Wall, seemingly for eternity. The remainder of the issue consisted of pieces of artwork showcasing the various Teen Titans who appeared in that incarnation of the title, contributed by various DC artists.
Titans (vol. 2, 2008–2011)[edit]
|Titans (vol. 2)
Cover for Titans #1 (2008). Art by Ethan Van Sciver.
|Publication information
|DC Comics
|Publication date
|April 2008 – October 2011
|Number of issues
|Creative team
|Judd Winick
Sean McKeever
J. T. Krul
Eric Wallace
|Ian Churchill
Joe Benitez
Julian Lopez
Howard Porter
Fabrizio Fiorentino
|Norm Rapmund
|Judd Winick
Ian Churchill
A second ongoing Teen Titans series, titled Titans, launched in April 2008, written by Judd Winick.[77] Issue one was drawn by Ian Churchill and Norm Rapmund, issue 2 by Joe Benitez and Victor Llamas. The opening storyline follows the events of the Teen Titans East Special one-shot released in November 2007, revealing that Cyborg's team survived the attack, except Power Boy, dead after being impaled. The team's new line up consists of former New Teen Titans Nightwing, Wally West, Donna Troy, Beast Boy, Raven, Cyborg, Red Arrow and Starfire.[78]
In the series' first story, Trigon makes a series of attacks on every member, former or current, of the Teen Titans and Trigon has "another child" that, unlike Raven, will assist him in his attack. After reclaiming Titans Island and establishing a headquarters on the East River, Cyborg sets out to create an East Coast Titans team. However, during a training session, the team was massacred by an unseen force. Though Cyborg survives, Titans' members past and present are attacked by demonic entities across the globe. Raven, sensing Trigon's presence once again, calls upon her former Titans allies to defeat her fiendish father.
After rescuing several Titans and questioning Trigon himself, the Titans learn that Trigon's three children have prepared his second invasion for him. Raven's three grown half brothers — Jacob, Jared and Jesse are responsible. Working as a team, the Titans thwart the Sons of Trigon and stop Trigon's invasion plan. Following this adventure, Raven chooses her adopted family over her biological family, Red Arrow decided to join his former teammates (although both he and Flash retain their JLA membership) and the Titans were back together as a team.
Following this, the team settles at Titans Tower (the New York base), to recover from the events. While Dick and Kory attempt to make a decision on where their relationship will lead, Raven and Beast Boy go out on a "not-a-date". During this, Raven reveals that since she faced her brothers, she has begun to feel as if she is losing control and slipping back under her father's influence. Although Beast Boy rejects the idea, he is unexpectedly blind-sided as Raven gives in to her darker side, under the influence of her half-brother's coaxing. Using her teleporting powers, she and the sons of Trigon vanish, leaving a distraught Beast Boy to warn the others. Using a gemstone that carries Raven's pure essence within it, the Titans free Raven of her father's evil. As a result, Raven leaves each Titan with an amulet that can be used to cleanse any evil influence from her body.
Following this, Jericho arrives, frantically asking for help to separate himself from Match's body. Jericho has turned renegade again and fights the Titans. He is under the control of the numerous people that he has taken command of over the years. Nightwing resigns from the Titans due to his new responsibilities in Gotham.
Brightest Day: Titans - Villains for Hire[edit]
A Comic-Con announcement stated that Cyborg, Donna Troy and Starfire were leaving the team to pursue the JLA. Red Arrow, with his daughter Lian, has already relocated and is no longer involved with the Titans, but he got a spotlight in issue #23 after what happens to him in Justice League: Cry for Justice #5. After a series of spotlight issues[79][80] Final Crisis Aftermath: INK writer-artist creative team Eric Wallace and Fabrizio Fiorentino took over. Deathstroke took over the team with Tattooed Man and Cheshire.[81]
One of the new members included Carla Monetti a.k.a. Cinder, a young redheaded woman with the ability to manipulate fire. Osiris, a member during the One Year Later gap, who had been brought back to life after the events of Blackest Night, was returned as a member. The final issue of the limited series, Justice League: The Rise of Arsenal ended with an advertisement stating that Arsenal's storyline would continue.
The team debuted in the one-shot, Titans: Villains for Hire, where they are hired to assassinate Ryan Choi (Atom) in his home in Ivy Town. The issue quickly became the subject of controversy due to Choi's violent death. Allegations of racial insensitivity dogged DC over the decision to kill off a relatively high profile Asian character.[82]
Following the one-shot, in the team's inaugural storyline they were hired to assassinate Lex Luthor following the events of War of the Supermen. This is revealed to be a ruse set up by Luthor and Deathstroke to draw out the real assassin, a shape-shifter named "Facade", who had apparently killed and impersonated a woman on Luthor's security detail.
Following several adventures, the Titans are confronted by Ray Palmer and the Justice League for their hand in Ryan's murder. The Titans are nearly defeated, but manage to escape thanks to an intervention from the newly resurrected Isis.[83] Following the battle with the Justice League, Titans concluded with a two-part storyline which saw Jericho's return. The series ended with Arsenal battling Slade for control of the team and the Titans ultimately disbanding and Arsenal taking Jericho under his wing, leaving Slade alone once again.[84]
The New 52 (Teen Titans vol. 4, 2011-2014 and Teen Titans vol.5, 2014-present)[edit]
|This section is outdated. (October 2012)
DC Comics relaunched Teen Titans with issue #1 (cover dated November 2011) as part of DC's New 52 event, written by Scott Lobdell with former Justice League artist Brett Booth providing interiors. Lobdell stated a desire to create a more diverse Titans roster, drawing parallels to the non-white teenagers he created during his run on the Generation X title at Marvel Comics. In keeping with that goal, three of the seven Titans are people of color.[85]
The roster included Red Robin, Kid Flash, Superboy, Wonder Girl, Solstice and two new characters; Skitter, formerly known as 'Bugg', an African-American girl with insect-themed powers[86] and Bunker, a Mexican teenager named Miguel Barragan who can create force fields. Miguel is also gay, making him the first homosexual member of the Teen Titans since Hero Cruz, who was a member of the short-lived Titans L.A. team for one issue.[87] Former Titans Static and Blue Beetle were each given their own titles.[88][89]
The series concluded with issue #30 along with a third annual in April 2014.[90] The series was relaunched in July with a new issue #1. Returning characters include Red Robin, Bunker, Wonder Girl, Raven, and a green Beast Boy due to the controversies of before.[91]
Collected editions[edit]
Silver Age Teen Titans[edit]
|Material collected
|Showcase Presents Teen Titans, Vol. 1
|The Brave and the Bold #54, #60
Showcase #59
Teen Titans #1–18
|Showcase Presents Teen Titans, Vol. 2
|Teen Titans #19–36
The Brave and the Bold #83, #94
World's Finest Comics #205
|The Silver Age Teen Titans Archives, Vol. 1
|The Brave and the Bold #54, #60
Showcase #59
Teen Titans #1–5
|The Silver Age Teen Titans Archives, Vol. 2
|The Brave and the Bold #83
Teen Titans #6–20
|DC Universe Illustrated by Neal Adams Vol. 1
|includes Teen Titans #20-22
|Giant Teen Titans Annual #1 (1967 issue, published 1999)
|Showcase #59
Teen Titans #4
The Flash #164
Wonder Woman #144
New Teen Titans[edit]
|Material collected
|DC Archives: The New Teen Titans, Vol. 1
|DC Comics Presents #26
The New Teen Titans #1–8
|DC Archives: The New Teen Titans, Vol. 2
|The New Teen Titans #9–16
The Best of DC Blue Ribbon Digest #18
|DC Archives: The New Teen Titans, Vol. 3
|The New Teen Titans #17–20
Tales of the New Teen Titans #1–4
|DC Archives: The New Teen Titans, Vol. 4
|The New Teen Titans #21–27, Annual #1
|The New Teen Titans Omnibus, Vol. 1
|DC Comics Presents #26
The New Teen Titans #1–20
The Best of DC Blue Ribbon Digest #18
Tales of the New Teen Titans #1–4
|The New Teen Titans Omnibus, Vol. 2
|The New Teen Titans #21–37, #39-40,
Tales of the Teen Titans #41–44,
Annual #1-3
|The New Teen Titans Omnibus, Vol. 3
|The New Teen Titans #38,
Tales of the Teen Titans #45–50,
The New Teen Titans vol. 2 #1-6,
New Titans #50-61, #66-67, and Secret Origins Annual #3
|Trade Paperbacks
|Material collected
|The New Teen Titans, Vol. 1
|The New Teen Titans #1-8, DC Comics Presents #26
|The New Teen Titans, Vol. 2
|The New Teen Titans #9-16
|The New Teen Titans, Vol. 3
|The New Teen Titans #17-20, Tales of the New Teen Titans #1–4
|The New Teen Titans, Vol. 4
|The New Teen Titans #21-27, Annual #1
|Terra Incognito
|The New Teen Titans #28–34, select pages from #26, Annual #2
|The Judas Contract
|The New Teen Titans #39–40
Tales of the Teen Titans #41–44, Annual #3
|The Terror of Trigon
|The New Teen Titans vol. 2, #1–5
|Who is Donna Troy?
|The New Teen Titans #38
Tales of the Teen Titans #50
The New Titans #50-54, select pages from #55
"Who Was Donna Troy?" back-up story from Teen Titans/Outsiders Secret Files 2003
The Titans[edit]
|Material collected
|JLA/Titans: The Technis Imperative
|JLA/Titans #1–3
Titans Secret Files #1
|Titans/Young Justice: Graduation Day
|Titans/Young Justice: Graduation Day #1–3
(see also The Death and Return of Donna Troy below)
Teen Titans (2003–2011)[edit]
Note: Issues #27-28, penciled by artist Rob Liefeld and written by Gail Simone, are not collected in any of the trade paperbacks and were reprinted in DC Comics Presents: Brightest Day #3 (Feb. 2011), which also included Legends of the DC Universe #26-27 (tying in with characters spotlighted in Brightest Day). Issues #48-49, which tie in with the "Amazons Attack" Wonder Woman story, are likewise not collected in a trade paperback.
|Vol. #
|Material collected
|A Kid's Game
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #1–7
Teen Titans/Outsiders Secret Files 2003
|Family Lost
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #8–12, #½
|Beast Boys and Girls
|Beast Boy #1–4 (1999 limited series)
Teen Titans vol. 3 #13–15
|The Future is Now
|Teen Titans/Legion Special #1
Teen Titans vol. 3 #16–23
|Teen Titans/Outsiders: The Insiders
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #24–26
Outsiders vol. 3, #24–25, #28
|Teen Titans/Outsiders: The Death and Return of Donna Troy
|Titans/Young Justice: Graduation Day #1–3
Teen Titans/Outsiders Secret Files 2003
DC Special: The Return of Donna Troy #1–4
|Life and Death
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #29–33, Annual vol. 3 #1
Robin vol. 4 #146–147
Infinite Crisis #5–6
|Titans Around the World
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #34–41
|Titans East
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #42–47
|Titans of Tomorrow
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #50–54
|On the Clock
|Teen Titans vol. 3, #55–61
|Changing of the Guard
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #62–69
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #70, Annual 2009
Titans vol. 2 #12–13
Vigilante vol. 3 #5–6
|Child's Play
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #71–78
|Hunt for Raven
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #79–87
|Team Building
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #88-92, Red Robin #20, Wonder Girl vol. 2 #1
|Prime of Life
|Teen Titans vol. 3 #93-100
|Ravager - Fresh Hell
|Backups stories from Teen Titans vol. 3 72-75, 78-82
Titans (2008–2011)[edit]
|Vol. #
|Material collected
|Old Friends
|Titans East Special #1
Titans vol. 2 #1–6
|Titans vol. 2 #7–11
|Titans vol. 2 #14, #16–22
|Villains for Hire
|Titans: Villains for Hire Special #1
Titans vol. 2 #24–27
|Family Reunion
|Titans vol. 2 #28-32, Shazam! #1
|Broken Promises (Cancelled)
|Titans vol. 2 #33-38, Annual vol. 2 #1
The New 52 Teen Titans (2011-2014)[edit]
|Vol. #
|Material collected
|It's Our Right to Fight
|Teen Titans vol. 4 #1-7
|The Culling: Rise of the Ravagers
|Teen Titans vol. 4 #8-9, Annual #1
Legion Lost vol. 2 #8-9
Superboy vol. 6 #8-9
|The Culling
|Teen Titans vol. 4, #8-14, DC Universe Presents #12: Kid Flash
|Death of the Family
|Teen Titans vol. 4 #0, #15-17, Batman #17, Red Hood and the Outlaws #16
|Light and Dark
|Teen Titans vol. 4, #18-23
|The Trial of Kid Flash
|Teen Titans vol. 4, #24-30, Annual #2-3.
The New 52 Teen Titans Re-launch (2014-present)[edit]
|Vol. #
|Material collected
|Teen Titans Vol. 1: Blinded by the Light
|Teen Titans Vol. 5 #1-7
Smallville: Titans[edit]
Bryan Q. Miller created a series titled Smallville Titans which features Conner Kent/Superboy, Speedy, Blue Beetle, Miss Martian & Zan and Jayna as students at Jay Garrick's school for the "gifted".[92]
In other media[edit]
The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure (1967–1968)[edit]
The team's first animated appearance was in Teen Titans segments of the 1967 Filmation series - The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure, featuring Speedy, Kid Flash, Wonder Girl and Aqualad. They were voiced by Pat Harrington, Jr., Tommy Cook, Julie Bennett and Jerry Dexter.
Anti-drug commercial (1984)[edit]
Wonder Girl, Starfire, Raven, Cyborg, Beast Boy, Kid Flash and Protector (temporarily replacing Robin) appeared on a 1984 Keebler anti-drug commercial.[93]
Teen Titans (2003–2006)[edit]
A Teen Titans animated series ran on Cartoon Network and The WB from July 19, 2003 to September 15, 2006. Drawn in an anime-style, the show featured a 1980s-era lineup composed of Robin, Starfire, Beast Boy, Raven and Cyborg as teenagers, voiced respectively by Scott Menville, Hynden Walch, Greg Cipes, Tara Strong and Khary Payton. The series adapted some Wolfman/Pérez storylines (including "The Judas Contract" and "The Terror of Trigon") and featured versions of many other Titans characters, including Aqualad, Speedy, Slade, Bumblebee and Terra. The show generally developed new stories and introduced new characters.
Each of the five seasons featured a main story arc, as well as stand-alone episodes. Season 1 focused on Robin's search for the line between right and wrong, tested by the lengths to which he goes in his obsession with Slade. Season 2 is based on "The Judas Contract"; the Titans meet Terra, a well-meaning but confused girl who repeatedly struggles with self-control. Beast Boy and Terra become romantically entwined and go on a wonderful date. She betrays the Titans for Slade but later turns on him. Season 3 features Cyborg's struggle to appreciate his own humanity, despite occupying a mostly robotic body. He undergoes numerous ordeals to 'become his own man', including conflicts with Brother Blood and the Hive, as well as temporarily leading the Titans East. Season 4, an adaptation of "The Terror of Trigon", addresses Raven's struggle to control her own fate. She ushers the demon Trigon into the Titans' dimension, but is supported by her friends and ultimately manages to undo the end of the world. In Season 5, the Teen Titans come against the "Brotherhood of Evil", composed of Beast Boy's past enemies. The final few episodes see Beast Boy develop courage and leadership, rallying the remaining teen heroes from around the world and organizing a last-ditch strike on the Brotherhood of Evil. After the show's completion, the movie Teen Titans: Trouble in Tokyo premiered on Kids' WB! on September 16, 2006.
The series spawned a related comic book, Teen Titans Go! and three video games[disambiguation needed].
Teen Titans: The Judas Contract[edit]
At the San Diego Comic-Con International in 2006, a Judas Contract animated movie was announced. Marv Wolfman and George Pérez, creators of The New Teen Titans, were assigned to work on the direct-to-DVD movie. The film was cancelled due to a lack of a "broad fanbase appeal".[94]
Justice League: The New Frontier (2008)[edit]
The Titans appear in a brief background cameo during the closing JFK speech in the 2008 animated film Justice League: The New Frontier.
Batman: The Brave and the Bold (2010)[edit]
While not explicitly called the Teen Titans, the team does appear in Batman: The Brave and the Bold with Robin, Speedy, and Aqualad as a crime fighting trio, similar to the original three with the exception of Speedy replacing Kid Flash (although Kid Flash does appear in a later episode). In the episode "Sidekicks Assemble" a flashback shows them in a training simulator, when Speedy brings up that when they grow older, they can join forces (like they do as the Titans in the comics). Robin claims that it is a dumb idea, but changes his mind when he defeats the most villains and declares himself the team leader. When they grow older, they team up and try taking down higher level villains, but their mentors think they are not ready. The three wanted to stop the latest scheme of Ra's Al Ghul, Batman tries tricking Robin into picking an easy mission instead of Ghul's hideout, but his lie ended up being true and the three successfully stopped his plan with the help of their mentors. Robin becomes Nightwing at the end of the episode.
Young Justice (2010–2013)[edit]
In November 2010, the Young Justice animated television series was launched, featuring teenaged superhero sidekicks who are members of a fictional covert operation team working under the authority of the Justice League. Despite its title, the show is not an adaptation of the Young Justice comic series, but rather, an adaptation of the entire DC Universe with a focus on young superheroes.[95][96]
The television series is based on a cross between the Teen Titans and Young Justice franchises,[95] drawing influences from 1960s Teen Titans run and the 1990s Young Justice run in addition to recent Teen Titans comics.[96] The line-up reflects the variety of sources on which the show is based: Dick Grayson as Robin, Wally West as Kid Flash, Conner Kent as Superboy, Miss Martian, Artemis and Kaldur'ahm as Aqualad. Later in the first season, the team adds Zatanna, Rocket and Red Arrow to its roster. In the show's second season, the Cassandra Sandsmark version of Wonder Girl, the Tim Drake version of Robin, Beast Boy, the Barbara Gordon version of Batgirl, Bumblebee, the Jamie Reyes version of Blue Beetle and Mal Duncan joined the team.
DC Nation (2012)[edit]
During the premiere of Green Lantern: The Animated Series on Cartoon Network, a new block of animation with the Green Lantern and Young Justice shows alongside the DC Nation Shorts was announced for 2012. One of these shorts on DC Nation Shorts previewed was a Chibi-version of the Teen Titans using the art style and voice actors of the Teen Titans TV series. Formerly known as the New Teen Titans, the principal cast members reprised their roles as the lead Titans.
Teen Titans Go! (2013–Present)[edit]
After a test run with DC Nation's New Teen Titans shorts, a new full-length series called Teen Titans Go! premiered in 2013 on Cartoon Network, with the voice actors from the original Teen Titans animated series reprising their roles. This series takes a humorous look at the Titans' day-to-day lives when they are not fighting crime.
Mad (2010)[edit]
In season 2 of MAD, Cyborg appeared in a contest and in the next episode, the Teen Titans (Robin, Raven, Cyborg, Beast Boy, Starfire, Blue Beetle, Superboy, Kid Flash, Wonder Girl and Aqualad) get spoofed along with Titanic.
Justice League Vs. Titans (2016)[edit]
The Teen Titans will appear in Justice League Vs. Titans. This will mark the first appearance of the team in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line.[97]
Undeveloped live-action film[edit]
In March 2007, it was revealed that Warner Bros. was in development on a Teen Titans film in which Robin was the only confirmed member, possibly confirming the character's existence in the shared universe. Akiva Goldsman and Mark Verheiden were writing it.[98] The current status of the film remains unknown because on September 11, 2014 it was announced that Akiva Goldsman is now developing a Teen Titans TV series called Titans.[99] Heroic Hollywood's El Mayimbe was a guest on the October 13, 2015 episode of Collider Heroes and he mentioned that Warner are developing both a Teen Titans movie with Cyborg among others and an all female group of heroes.[100]
Live-action television[edit]
TNT has ordered a pilot for a live-action TV series based on the Teen Titans rumoured to be called Titans, (also rumoured to be Blackbirds) about Dick Grayson emerging from Batman's shadow to become Nightwing, the leader of a band of heroes including Starfire, Raven, Oracle, and Hawk & Dove. The pilot was written by Akiva Goldsman and Marc Haimes with filming set to occur in Toronto in the summer.[99][101][102][103][104] On May 13, 2015, TNT president Kevin Reilly said that they hope to have the casting locked down by the summer and that he believes the show will be "very true" to the comics and "groundbreaking."[105] Production on the series has been postponed for October.[106]
Video games[edit]
Artificial Mind and Movement developed two Teen Titans games based on the 2003 animated series. The first game was released on the Game Boy Advance platform in 2005, and the second Teen Titans game was released in 2006 for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and GameCube.
The Teen Titans appear in DC Universe Online.
Teen Titans members Nightwing (Dick Grayson), Raven and Cyborg are playable in Injustice: Gods Among Us. In Green Lantern's chapter, they are referenced by the alternate Cyborg and Raven as they torture the alternate Deathstroke where it was mentioned that most of their fellow Teen Titans members died in Metropolis five years ago (In the comic tie-in it is revealed to be Beast Boy and Kid Flash, while Superboy, Starfire, Wonder Girl and Red Robin are put in the Phantom Zone by Superman). There is also a DLC including alternate skins for Cyborg, Raven and Deathstroke available that are based on their designs for their first appearances in the Teen Titans comic series. Also, in Deathstroke's ending, a clan of assassins formed by him is named after the New Titans.
Cultural references[edit]
In the Robot Chicken episode "Vegetable Funfest", the animated series Titans (Robin, Starfire, Cyborg, Beast Boy and Raven) are out-matched by a giant tentacled monster; they allow two new "heroes" to join their ranks - Beavis and Butt-head. In "They Took My Thumbs", the original Titans (Robin, Wonder Girl, Speedy, Kid Flash and Aqualad) join their mentors on the Justice League's satellite headquarters for "Bring Your Sidekick to Work Day". The Titans play various pranks, such as Speedy shooting an arrow from the Justice League satellite, and Kid Flash ripping off Wonder Woman's outfit. When the Titans are teleported into a lava pit on another planet, the older heroes blame Martian Manhunter, whom they suspect of being jealous of their sidekicks. He blames his "invisible sidekick", Martian Boyhunter. Disbelieving him, they attack Martian Manhunter. Unseen in the commotion, Martian Boyhunter materializes and quietly enjoys the chaos he created.
See also[edit]
- ^ Teen Titans #1 (DC Comics, January–February 1966), wherein a "brief history of the Teen Titans" is relayed commencing with Brave and the Bold #54. See also, Teen Titans: A Celebration of 50 Years (DC Comics, 2014), denoting Brave and the Bold #54 as the first appearance of the Teen Titans, and keying the 50-year celebration off of that issue.
- ^ Teen Titans 1, DC Comics, January–February 1966, wherein Brave and the Bold #60 is denoted as the "next appearance" of the "new team" with the "addition of Wonder Girl." See also, "Bob Haney Interviewed by Michael Catron Part Four (of Five)". The Comics Journal. Retrieved 2015-09-09. Bob Haney, the creator and long writer of the Teen Titans series, identifies Brave and the Bold 54 as the "first appearance" of the Teen Titans.
- ^ a b Wonder Girl refers to Wonder Woman's mother, Queen Hippolyta, as "Mother" in her first two appearances, The Brave and the Bold #60 and Showcase #59.
- ^ MacDonald, Heidi D. (October 1982). "DC's Titanic Success". The Comics Journal (76): 46–51.
- ^ Levitz, Paul (2010). 75 Years of DC Comics The Art of Modern Mythmaking. Taschen America. p. 454. ISBN 978-3-8365-1981-6.
[Marv Wolfman and George Pérez] created a title that would be DC's sales leader throughout the 1980s.
- ^ 'Teen Titans (1976) at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ McAvennie, Michael; Dolan, Hannah, ed. (2010). "1960s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9.
They were never given a team name when scribe Bob Haney and artist Bruno Premiani spun them against Mister Twister. However, this first team-up of Robin, Kid Flash and Aqualad came to be classically regarded as the inaugural story of the Teen Titans.
- ^ The name "Wonder Girl" itself had been regularly used for a variety of flashback tales of Wonder Woman's childhood exploits.
- ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 115: "Writer Bob Haney and artist Nick Cardy added another member to the ranks of the newly formed Teen Titans: Wonder Girl."
- ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 116: "The Teen Titans earned their own series after successful tryouts in both The Brave and the Bold and Showcase. Scribe Bob Haney and artist Nick Cardy promptly dispatched Robin, Aqualad, Wonder Girl and Kid Flash...as the newest members of the Peace Corps."
- ^ Daniels, Les (1995). "Teen Titans Assistants Earn a Promotion". DC Comics: Sixty Years of the World's Favorite Comic Book Heroes. Bulfinch. p. 134. ISBN 0821220764.
- ^ Haney, Bob (w), Cardy, Nick (p), Cardy, Nick (i). "The Secret Olympic Heroes" Teen Titans 4 (July–August 1966)
- ^ Haney, Bob (w), Novick, Irv (p), Cardy, Nick (i). "Monster Bait!" Teen Titans 11 (September–October 1967)
- ^ a b Friedrich, Mike (w), Kane, Gil (p), Wood, Wally (i). "Stepping Stones for a Giant Killer!" Teen Titans 19 (January–February 1969)
- ^ Skeates, Steve (w), Cardy, Nick (p), Cardy, Nick (i). "Blindspot" Teen Titans 28 (July–August 1970)
- ^ Skeates, Steve (w), Cardy, Nick (p), Cardy, Nick (i). "Captives!" Teen Titans 29 (September–October 1970)
- ^ Skeates, Steves (w), Infantino, Carmine (p), Cardy, Nick (i). "Some Call it Noise" Teen Titans 30 (November–December 1970)
- ^ Cronin, Brian (2009). Was Superman a Spy?: And Other Comic Book Legends Revealed. Plume. ISBN 9780452295322.
- ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 134: "Four years after the debut of Wonder Girl, writer Marv Wolfman and artist Gil Kane disclosed her origins."
- ^ Kanigher, Robert (w), Cardy, Nick (p), Cardy, Nick (i). "The Titans Kill a Saint" Teen Titans 26 (January–February 1970)
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 139: "The inaugural adventure of the non-powered non-costumed Teen Titans introduced one of DC's first African-American heroes, Mal Duncan. Written by Robert Kanigher, with stellar artwork from Nick Cardy..."
- ^ Haney, Bob (w), Molno, Bill (p), Trapani, Sal (i). "The Fifth Titan" Teen Titans 6 (November–December 1966)
- ^ Adams, Neal (w), Adams, Neal (p), Cardy, Nick (i). "Citadel of Fear" Teen Titans 21 (May–June 1969)
- ^ Skeates, Steve (w), Cardy, Nick (p), Cardy, Nick (i). "A Mystical Realm, A World Gone Mad" Teen Titans 32 (March–April 1971)
- ^ Haney, Bob (w), Tuska, George (p), Cardy, Nick (i). "Awake, Barbaric Titan" Teen Titans 39 (May–June 1972)
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 138: "Tragedy initiated a new era for the Teen Titans as told by scribe Robert Kanigher and artist Nick Cardy."
- ^ Haney, Bob (w), Saaf, Art (p), Cardy, Nick (i). "Inherit the Howling Night!" Teen Titans 43 (January–February 1973)
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 171: "More than three years since Teen Titans was canceled, writers Paul Levitz and Bob Rozakis, with artist Pablo Marcos, revived the series."
- ^ Rozakis, Bob (w), Delbo, José (p), Colletta, Vince (i). "Daddy's Little Crimefighter" Teen Titans 48 (June 1977)
- ^ Franklin, Chris (July 2013). "Go West, Young Heroes: The Teen Titans in La-La Land". Back Issue! (TwoMorrows Publishing) (65): 56–58.
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 176: "The team's untold origin...was vividly transcribed by writer Bob Rozakis and artist Juan Ortiz."
- ^ Manning, Matthew K. "1980s" in Dolan, p. 188: "[The New Teen Titans] went on to become DC's most popular comic team of its day. Not only the springboard for the following month's The New Teen Titans #1, the preview's momentous story also featured the first appearance of future DC mainstays Cyborg, Starfire and Raven."
- ^ Nickerson, Al (August 2006). "Who is Donna Troy?". Back Issue! (TwoMorrows Publishing) (17): 64–66.
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 189: "Debuting in the shadows of the cover to the team's second issue, written by Marv Wolfman and meticulously illustrated by artist George Pérez, Deathstroke was...asked to kill the Teen Titans."
- ^ a b "Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Awards Archives". CBGextra.com. Archived from the original on 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ^ Wolfman, Marv; Pérez, George (1988). The New Teen Titans: The Judas Contract. DC Comics. p. 192. ISBN 0-930289-34-X.
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Pérez, George (p), Giordano, Dick; DeCarlo, Mike (i). "There Shall Come a Titan (The Judas Contract book 3)" Tales of the Teen Titans 44 (July 1984)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Pérez, George (p), Tanghal, Romeo (i). "A Day in the Lives..." The New Teen Titans 8 (June 1981)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Pérez, George (p), Tanghal, Romeo (i). "Who Is Donna Troy?" The New Teen Titans 38 (January 1984)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Pérez, George (p), Giordano, Dick; DeCarlo, Mike (i). "We Are Gathered Here Today..." Tales of the Teen Titans 50 (February 1985)
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 199: "The issue, written by longtime X-Men scribe Chris Claremont and drawn by Walter Simonson [was]...one of the most well-received crossovers of its time - or of any time for that matter - the team-up was a huge success."
- ^ Brown, Jonathan (August 2013). "The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans: The Breakfast Club of the Comics Crossover". Back Issue! (TwoMorrows Publishing) (66): 65–68.
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 209: "As one of DC's most popular team books, The New Teen Titans was a natural choice to receive the deluxe paper quality and higher price point of the new Baxter format. With the regular newsstand title having already changed its name to Tales of the Teen Titans with issue #41, the path was clear for a new comic to once again be titled The New Teen Titans. Featuring the trademark writing of Marv Wolfman and the art of George Pérez, this second incarnation was a success from the start, providing readers with the perfect blend of high-quality paper with high-quality storytelling."
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Pérez, George (p), Pérez, George (i). "Shadows in the Dark!" The New Teen Titans v2, 1 (August 1984)
Wolfman, Marv (w), Pérez, George (p), Pérez, George (i). "The Search for Raven" The New Teen Titans v2, 2 (October 1984)
Wolfman, Marv (w), Pérez, George (p), Tanghal, Romeo (i). "Souls as White as Heaven..." The New Teen Titans v2, 3 (November 1984)
Wolfman, Marv (w), Pérez, George (p), Tanghal, Romeo (i). "--Torment!" The New Teen Titans v2, 4 (January 1985)
Wolfman, Marv (w), Pérez, George (p), Tanghal, Romeo (i). "The Terror of Trigon!" The New Teen Titans v2, 5 (February 1985)
- ^ "George Pérez signs contract with DC, Takes leave of absence from Titans". The Comics Journal (92): 16. August 1984.
- ^ Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 249: "Writer Marv Wolfman had revitalized the Titans franchise yet again, with the help of his new creative partner, artist Tom Grummett."
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Grummett, Tom (p), Vey, Al (i). "Paradise Lost" The New Titans 73 (February 1991)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Grummett, Tom (p), Vey, Al (i). "When Pantha Strikes" The New Titans 74 (March 1991)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Grummett, Tom (p), Vey, Al (i). "Red Star Rising" The New Titans 77 (June 1991)
- ^ a b Wolfman, Marv (w), Jones, Stephen J.B. (p), Collazo, Hector; Candelario, Harry; Champagne, Keith (i). "The Changing Order" The New Titans 0 (October 1994)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Jones, Stephen J.B. (p), Champagne, Keith; Rankin, Rich (i). "Psimon Psays... Die!" The New Titans 116 (December 1994)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Rosado, William (p), Champagne, Keith; Rankin, Rich (i). "Forever Evil, Part III of III: Demonsoul" The New Titans 121 (May 1995)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Harris, Finn (p), Harris, Finn (i). "Syndicate Rites!" The New Titans 122 (June 1995)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv; Friedman, Michael Jan (w), Jones, Stephen J.B. (p), Rankin, Rich (i). "Salvation" The New Titans 123 (July 1995)
- ^ a b 'Teen Titans Spotlight' at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Cowan, Denys (p), Giordano, Dick (i). "Black and White" Teen Titans Spotlight 1 (August 1986)
- ^ Lofficier, Jean-Marc; Lofficier, Randy (w), Orlando, Joe (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "The Brotherhood is Dead" Teen Titans Spotlight On 11 (June 1987)
- ^ Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 285: "Writer Devin Grayson and artist/co-plotter Phil Jimenez revived another stalled DC property in the JLA/Titans miniseries."
- ^ Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 287: "Writer Devin Grayson, alongside artist Mark Buckingham, relaunched the Titans in a new ongoing series."
- ^ Cowsill, Alan "2000s" in Dolan, p. 310: "None [of the Teen Titans series] had reached the heights of the Marv Wolfman and George Pérez era until writer Geoff Johns and artist Mike McKone's relaunch."
- ^ Rogers, Vaneta (March 19, 2009). "Sean McKeever Leaves Teen Titans With #71". Newsarama. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ "Sean McKeever Leaves Teen Titans". Comic Book Resources. March 19, 2009. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ Manning, Shaun (April 16, 2010). "C2E2: DC Nation". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ "Teen Titans: One Year - Different". Newsarama. June 5, 2006. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2007.
- ^ Johns, Geoff (w), Daniel, Tony (p), Glapoin, Jonathan ; Conrad, Kevin (i). "Titans Around The World Part III" Teen Titans v3, 40 (December 2006)
- ^ Johns, Geoff (w), Dias, Paco; Benjamin, Ryan (p), Glapoin, Jonathan ; Lopez, Michael; Rosell, Edwin; Crawford, Saleem; Cifuentes, Vincente (i). "Titans Around The World Part IV" Teen Titans v3, 41 (January 2007)
- ^ Johns, Geoff (w), Daniel, Tony (p), Glapion, Jonathan (i). "Titans East Part 1" Teen Titans v3, 43 (March 2007)
- ^ Ching, Albert (March 18, 2006). "DCU: One Year Greater Panel". Newsarama. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2007.
- ^ McKeever, Sean (w), Rodriguez, Carlos (p), Palmiotti, Jimmy (i). "The Other Half" Teen Titans v3, 58 (June 2008)
- ^ Renaud, Jeffrey (July 27, 2008). "CCI: McDuffie Reaches Milestone with DC". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ McKeever, Sean (w), Barrows, Eddy (p), Jose, Ruy; Ferreira, Julio (i). "The New Deal, Part 1: Choices" Teen Titans v3, 66 (February 2009)
- ^ "Teen Titans #83". DC Comics. May 26, 2010. Archived from the original on August 5, 2010. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
- ^ "Nicola Scott joins J.T. Krul on Teen Titans". DC Comics. July 14, 2010. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
- ^ "Static Ongoing Series to Launch in 2011". DC Comics. July 16, 2010. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ Renaud, Jeffrey (October 27, 2010). "Krul Talks DC Exclusive, Wonder Girl". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ Krul, J. T. (w), Jeanty, Georges (p), Hunter, Rob (i). "On the Shoulders of Titans, Part II" Teen Titans v3, 92 (April 2011)
- ^ Cowsill "2000s" in Dolan, p. 333: "Writer Judd Winick and penciller Ian Churchill produced a Titans series to please both modern-day fans and those of the classic Marv Wolfman/George Pérez era."
- ^ Wizard Magazine #193 (November 2007)
- ^ "Titans #22". DC Comics. February 10, 2010. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ "Titans #23". DC Comics. March 17, 2010. Archived from the original on April 8, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
- ^ Segura, Alex (January 11, 2010). "DCU in 2010: More on Brightest Day: Titans". DC Comics. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ Renaud, Jeffrey (May 13, 2010). "Wallace Responds to Hero's Death in Titans: Villains for Hire". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ Wallace, Eric (w), Richards, Cliff (p), Richards, Cliff (i). "The Methuselah Imperative, Part 1 of 3" Titans Annual 1 (September 2011)
- ^ Wallace, Eric (w), Moore, Travis (p), Wong, Walden (i). "The Methuselah Imperative, Part 3 of 3" Titans v2, 38 (October 2011)
- ^ Johnston, Rich (June 13, 2011). "Scott Lobdell Talks Teen Titans to Bleeding Cool". Bleeding Cool. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ Uzumeri, David (June 8, 2011). "DC Comics Announces New Teen Titles; Tim Drake Sighted". ComicsAlliance. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ Melrose, Kevin (September 18, 2011). "DC's relaunched Teen Titans to debut gay teen superhero". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ "DC gives us a first look at the new Teen Titans, Legion of Superheroes and More!". io9. June 8, 2011. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ "Blue Beetle #1". DC Comics. June 9, 2011. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ Gerding, Stephen (January 16, 2014). "DC Comics Cancels Teen Titans with Issue #30". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on August 22, 2014.
- ^ Yehl, Joshua (April 8, 2014). "DC Comics Will Relaunch Teen Titans in July". IGN. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014.
- ^ Rogers, Vaneta (October 3, 2013). "Bryan Q. Miller Brings the Teen Titans To Smallville". Newsarama. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013.
- ^ "Who's Who: The Protector". Titans Tower. Archived from the original on December 7, 2014.
- ^ "SDCC '08 - DC Animation Panel". Newsarama. July 27, 2008. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
A long-discussed adaptation of Teen Titans: The Judas Contract is on hold, Noveck says, because fan support hasn't been broad enough to vault it past other titles.
- ^ a b DC Animated Showcase: Greg Weisman Interview, Part 1 on YouTube
- ^ a b Weisman, Greg (July 30, 2010). "Laura 'ad astra' Sack writes...". Ask Greg. s8.org. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ http://www.newsarama.com/25143-animated-batman-bad-blood-and-justice-league-vs-titans-announced-new-trailer-for-robot-chicken-dc-comics-special-magical-friendship.html
- ^ "Teen Titans growing up at Warner Bros.". The Hollywood Reporter. Associated Press. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
- ^ a b Andreeva, Nellie (September 11, 2014). "DC Comics Titans Drama From Akiva Goldsman Nears TNT Pilot Order". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014.
- ^ Collider Heroes - Ant-Man & Wasp Movie Announced, Daredevil Season 2 Trailer
- ^ Thielman, Sam (September 22, 2014). "DC Is Getting Its TV on This Fall The Flash, Constantine and Gotham all coming soon". Adweek. Archived from the original on December 7, 2014.
- ^ Goldberg, Lesley (December 8, 2014). "Syfy, David Goyer Developing Superman Origin Story 'Krypton'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
- ^ Diaz, Eric (February 2, 2015). "Exclusive: Which DC Characters Will Be On TNT's The Titans/". Nerdist.
- ^ Lulla (April 27, 2015). ""Titans" TNT Pilot DC Comics now entitled "Blackbirds"". Season Zero.
- ^ "Teen Titans TV Show Promises to Remain True to Comics". Renegade Cinema. May 13, 2015.
- ^ Luclla (June 26, 2015). ""Blackbirds" ("Titans") TNT pilot from DC Comics postponed…". Season Zero.
External links[edit]
- [Teen Titans: The Jon Z Retirement Plan]
- Titans Tower
- Titans at DC Comics.com
- Teen Titans, The New Teen Titans, The New Teen Titans vol. 2 and Teen Titans vol. 2 at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
- Teen Titans at Don Markstein's Toonopedia
- Teen Titans Returning With New Full Length Episodes - IGN
- Sean McKeever on the Teen Titans in His Future


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Devotchka :: 01.23.09 :: World Café Live :: Philadelphia, PA
I arrived at World Café Live at just about 7:30 p.m., naively expecting the place to still be semi quiet, and was surprised to see large numbers of people streaming in to see Devotchka on their second tour visit here in less than a year. Opener Rachel Goodrich warmed up the attentive crowd, with simple songs on acoustic guitar, ukulele and kazoo.
Devotchka came on quickly afterward, to a cheering audience. They opened with "Head Honcho" off their latest album, A Mad And Faithful Telling. Jeanie Schroder (sousaphone, upright bass) was her usual smiling self, making a lot of eye contact with her audience. She's most amazing when she manages to maintain a smile while playing her enormous instruments.
Their next selection, the instrumental "Poland," opens with a sad violin (courtesy of Tom Hagerman - piano, accordion, violin), and swiftly becomes more up-tempo. Schroder's sousaphone, festooned with blue Christmas light that, when seen from afar resembled a blue glowing orb dancing around, came in and the crowd went wild, clapping and dancing.
One of the more unusual instruments they employ (and one that I would LOVE to try), is a Theremin (what looks like a wooden block with an antenna). Nick Urata (vocals, guitar) moved his hand around it to create a haunting hum that was delicious.
They finished the evening with a flourish, playing a Spaghetti Western themed "The Enemy Guns" off How It Ends. It's a sultry, rhythmic song with Urata singing in Spanish and whistling like a Clint Eastwood cowboy movie score while the violin swells above a galloping drumbeat.
Last spring, they played Philly at the TLA and Nick Urata's girlfriend finished the night with an aerial performance, sliding and intertwining lithely down the curtains at the front of the stage. I did miss having that additional piece of theatre, and hopefully next time they'll bring her back.
Devotchka made me feel like I was at a Croatian wedding reception in the French countryside, with punk rock chicks as the maids of honor and 20 caravans of gypsies as guests. Everyone clearly had a great time, and I was so happy to see the band loosen up and give some love back to their Philly fans that obviously adore them. Keep an eye on this band's touring schedule, and make sure you see them next time they come your way.
Devotchka :: 01.23.09 :: World Café Live :: Philadelphia, PA
Head Honcho, Poland, The Clockwise Witness, Queen of the Surface Streets, We're Leaving, Venus In Furs, How It Ends, C'est Ce La, Commerce City Sister, Along The Way, Transliterator, Basso Profundo, I Cried Like A Silly Boy, Ranchero, The Oblivion, Klezbo, Mexican
Devotchka is on tour now; dates available here.
Continue reading for more pics of Devotchka in Philly...
JamBase | In The Soup
Go See Live Music!
this band is so much fun. saw them at lollapalooza last year cant wait to see them in chicago with claypool. check them out


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Basically point-and-shoots without screens and almost no physical controls, these Wi-Fi-enabled lens cameras aim to enhance your mobile photography.
The curious mobile hybrid camera from Sony has been used to capture stills and video from the world's largest model railroad in the US.
After multiple leaks, Sony has formally launched its innovative Cyber-shot range.
More attention-grabbers than problem-solvers, the QX100 and QX10 are new twists on the point-and-shoot camera.
The Sony QX100 Smart Lens has the same 1-inch, 20-megapixel sensor from Sony's compact digital cameras, but ditches the screen, instead connecting directly to your smart phone.
commentary The quest for piece-by-piece perfection could deliver livelier devices and less waste, but good luck competing on sleek design with the latest from top-tier phone makers.
New images have emerged of Sony's snap-on smartphone lenses, the DSC-QX10 and DSC-QX100, which each pack an entire camera inside.
At IFA, the company announces its waterproof 5-inch Android phone with a high-end image sensor, software to take advantage of it, and unusual QX10 and QX100 add-ons that turn it into a compact camera.
Bridget recounts her pilgrimage to ye olde NY Renaissance Faire, Samsung shoots for the stars with the Galaxy Gear smartwatch, and a Swedish kiosk that prints magazines on the spot!


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Make Up For Ever HD Microperfecting Primer in 0 Neutral
107 reviews
46% would repurchase
Package Quality: 4.2
Price: $$$
Package Quality: 4.2
Price: $$$
Age: 36-43
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Warm
Hair: Red, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Green
Might buy again. This is comparable to other Primers out there. It does have a scent, kind of that flowery skincare cream scent you find in lancome products. So if you don't like scents, stay away. the primer itself does the job, especially under the HD Makeup. I would say it's better than average but not the HG in primers. It's lightweight, breathable and sinks in well. the one thing I was hoping it would do, was hide my pores a bit more. Needless to say, it failed in that regard. I think Benefit makes a better and cheaper primer for those of us with enlarged pore issues. I'll keep this around for better skin days.
Update: I'm returning this to Sephora. For the price, it's not worth it. This stuff dissipates off my face within a few hours and I look like I got nothing on at all. Very disappointing, but for the price, it has to go back.
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Tan, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Other
Eyes: Brown
I found my HG Primer! This Primer is Awesome!!
I've been using Too faced "primed and poreless" and Macs "Prep and Prime". Both Honestly Suck compared to this primer. My make up looks blended and makes it look like im wearing less make up.. Eventually when i can afford to, im going to try the rest of the line.
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Medium, Warm
Hair: Black, Wavy, Coarse
Eyes: Brown
This product works better than Smashbox and Sephora's primers.
- Keeps makeup looking flawless and fresh all-day.
- Controls shine and minimizes appearance of pores.
- Does not cause breakouts or reactions to sometimes sensitive skin. My skin reacted badly to Smashbox's.
- With other primers, I find that my skin cannot breathe and is clogged up. But MUFE does not feel that way.
Age: 19-24
Skin: Dry, Fair-Medium, Neutral
Hair: Black, Wavy, Coarse
Eyes: Brown
I like my primers to be slick and feel like the are kind of on top of my skin as a barrier. This is kind of like a thin runny moisturizer I feel like it absorbes into my skin. It smells good. And it doesn't do anything bad to my skin. And my makeup stays on pretty well but I think I will try something else when I run out.
Age: 36-43
Skin: Sensitive, Tan, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Hazel
I have an oily t zone this product helps keep my foundation matte and last longer. Makes foundation application easier feels softer and goes on smoother. I will rebuy this.
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I haven't used it all that much yet but I like it so far. The packaging is very handy for travelling and it smells really nice. It's very pricey though so I don't think I would but this product again because I like to try new stuff out.
Age: 25-29
Skin: Dry, Tan, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Black
I just try this and doesnt gave me any effect. It doesnt make the make up last longer. It doest make my face glowy. It is useless
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
This is a colorless primer that has the consistency of a light lotion or serum. I use it under my NARS Sheer Glow to help the foundation go on smoothly and not adhere to dry patches. I would not recommend this primer for oily skin at all. I find it helps my foundation not settle into fine lines at the end of the day. I have already repurchased my second bottle. I use one pump for my entire face, and I don't let it dry for long. Apply foundation while it is still slightly damp for best results. My one bottle lasted nearly a year with daily usage.
Age: 25-29
Skin: Very Oily, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Red, Wavy, Fine
Eyes: Blue
Definitely my favorite primer. I love the way it feels like lotion. It melts into my skin and makes my face a nice, smooth canvas for my makeup. It's a little thin, but that means it spreads easily. It's also very light, so it doesn't make my face feel heavy. It helps my makeup stay on better, which is a real feat since I have super oily skin. It also helps prevent my makeup from getting wiped off when I accidentally touch my face. It doesn't mattify my skin, but I use other products for that. It does, however, interact well with the other products I use. This product looks kind of pricey, but you get quite a bit for the price. I was really surprised when I opened my Sephora package and saw this huge tube.
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair, Cool
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
So, here is the trouble with this primer. It smells wonderful, the packaging is attractive and that is where it ends for me. This primer does nothing for me that or it does so very little I have no chance in hell of figuring out what that is. I wear MMU and have combination skin in the winter. When I wear this under MMU or liquid foundation my dry patches are all exposed. Also, I do have larger pores on my nose and cheek area which are not at all minimized. For 32 bucks I expected better! This is one of those primers that adds to the public opinion that a primer is useless and does nothing.
Popular Primer/ Correctors
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This video demo shows how easy it is to make any VGA projector wireless. With the plug-and-play Wireless Video Presentation System from Black Box, a roomful of Wi-Fi laptop users... more/see it nowcan access a VGA projector wirelessly from hundreds of feet away—eliminating the need to swap cables at the projector when you want to switch presenters. The video guides you step by step through a typical conference room setup, including how to connect to the Wireless VPS and how to configure it through its user-friendly admin screen. collapse
The High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI®) is the first digital interface to combine uncompressed high-definition video, up to eight channels of uncompressed digital audio, and intelligent format and command data in... more/see it nowa single cable. It is now the de facto standard for consumer electronics and high-definition video and is gaining ground in the PC world.
HDMI supports standard, enhanced, and high-definition video. It can carry video signals at resolutions beyond 1080p at 60 Hz (Full HD) up to 4K x 2K (4096 x 2160) as well as 3D TV.
HDMI also provides superior audio clarity. It supports multiple audio formats from standard stereo to multichannel surround sound.
HDMI offers an easy, standardized way to set up home theaters and AV equipment over one cable. Use it to connect audio/video equipment, such as DVD players, set-top boxes, and A/V receivers with an audio and/or video equipment, such as a digital TVs, PCs, cameras, and camcorders. It also supports multiple audio formats from standard stereo to multichannel surround sound. Plus it provides two-way communications between the video source and the digital TV, enabling simple remote, point-and-click configurations.
NOTE: HDMI also supports HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection), which prevents the copying of digital audio and video content transmitted over HDMI able. If you have a device between the source and the display that supports HDMI but not HDCP, your transmission won't work, even over an HDMI cable.
HDMI offers significant benefits over older analog A/V connections. It's backward compatible with DVI equipment, such as PCs. TVs, and other electronic devices using the DVI standard. A DVI-to-HDMI adapter can be used without a loss of video quality. Because DVI only supports video signals, no audio, the DVI device simply ignores the extra audio data.
HDMI standards
The HDMI standard was introduced in December 2002. Since then, there have been a number of versions with increasing bandwidth and/or transmission capabilities.
With the introduction of HDMI (June 2006), more than doubled the bandwidth from 4.95 Gbps to 10.2 Gbps (340 MHz). It offers support for 16-bit color, increased refresh rates, and added support for 1440p WQXGA. It also added support for xvYCC color space and Dolby True HD and DTS-HD Master Audio standards. Plus it added features to automatically correct audio video synchronization. Finally, it added a mini connector.
HDMI 1.3a (November 2006), HDMI 1.3b (March 2007, HDMI 1.3b1 (November 2007), and 1.3c (August 2008) added termination recommendations, control commands, and other specification for testing, etc.
HDMI 1.4 (May 2009) increased the maximum resolution to 4Kx 2K (3840 x 2160 p/24/25/30 Hz). It added an HDMI Ethernet channel for a 100-Mbps connection between two HDMI devices. Other advancements include: an Audio Return Channel, stereoscopic 3D over HDMI (HDMI 1.3 devices will only support this for 1080i), an automotive connection system, and the micro HDMI connector.
HDMI 1.4a (March 2010) adds two additional 3D formats for broadcast content.
HDMI 2.0 (August 2013), which is backwards compatible with earlier versions of the HDMI specification, significantly increases bandwidth up to 18 Gbps and adds key enhancements to support market requirements for enhancing the consumer video and audio experience.
HDMI 2.0 also includes the following advanced features:
Resolutions up to 4K@50/60 (2160p), which is four times the clarity of 1080p/60 video resolution, for the ultimate video experience.
Up to 32 audio channels for a multi-dimensional immersive audio experience.
Up to 1536Hz audio sample frequency for the highest audio fidelity.
Simultaneous delivery of dual video streams to multiple users on the same screen.
Simultaneous delivery of multi-stream audio to multiple users (up to four).
Support for the wide angle theatrical 21:9 video aspect ratio.
Dynamic synchronization of video and audio streams.
CEC extensions provide more expanded command and control of consumer electronics devices through a single control point.
HDMI Cables
Standard HDMI Cable: 1080i and 720p
Standard HDMI Cable with Ethernet
Automotive HDMI Cable
High Speed HDMI Cable: 1080p, 4K, 3D and Deep Color
High Speed HDMI Cable with Ethernet
HDMI connectors
There are four HDMI connector types.
Type A: 19 pins. It supports all SDTV, EDTV, and HDTV modes. It is electrically compatible with single-link DVI-D. HDMI 1.0 specification.
Type B: 29 pins. Offers double the video bandwidth of Type A. Use for very high-resolution displays such as WQUXGA. It's electronically compatible with dual-link DVI-D. HDMI 1.0 specification.
Type C Mini: 19 pins. This mini connector is intended for portable devices. It is smaller than Type A but has the same pin configuration and can be connected to Type A cable via an adapter or adapter cable. Type C is defined in HDMI 1.3.
Type D Micro: 19 pins. This also has the 19-pin configuration of Type A but is about the size of a micro-USB connector. Type D is defined in HDMI 1.4.
HDMI cable
Recently, HDMI Licensing, LLC announced that all able would be tested as either Standard or High-Speed cables. Referring to cables based on HDMI standard (e.g. 1.2, 1.3 etc.) is no longer allowed.
Standard HDMI cable is designed for use with digital broadcast TV, cable TV, satellites TV, Blu-ray, and upscale DVD payers to reliably transmit up to 1080i or 720p video (or the equivalent of 75 MHz or up to 2.25 Gbps).
High-Speed HDMI reliably transmits video resolutions of 1080p and beyond, including advanced display technologies such as 4K, 3D, and Deep Color. High-Speed HDMI is the recommended cable for 1080p video. It will perform at speeds of 600 MHz or up to 18 Gbps, the highest bandwidth urgently available over an HDMI cable.
HDCP copy protection
HDMI also supports High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP), which prevents the copying of content transmitted over HDMI cable. If you have a device between the source and the display that supports HDMI but not HDCP, your transmission won't work, even over an HDMI cable.
Additional resources and licensing information is available at HDMI.org. collapse
IEEE 802.11The precursor to 802.11b, IEEE 802.11 was introduced in 1997. It was a beginning, but 802.11 only supported speeds up to 2 Mbps. And it supported two entirely different... more/see it nowmethods of encodingFrequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). This led to confusion and incompatibility between different vendors equipment.
IEEE 802.11b802.11b is comfortably established as the most popular wireless standard. With the IEEE 802.11b Ethernet standard, wireless is fast, easy, and affordable. Wireless devices from all vendors work together seamlessly. 802.11b is a perfect example of a technology that has become both sophisticated and standardized enough to really make life simpler for its users.
The 802.11b extension of the original 802.11 standard boosts wireless throughput from 2 Mbps all the way up to 11 Mbps. 802.11b can transmit up to 200 feet under good conditions, although this distance may be reduced considerably by the presence of obstacles such as walls.
This standard uses DSSS. With DSSS, each bit transmitted is encoded and the encoded bits are sent in parallel across an entire range of frequencies. The code used in a transmission is known only to the sending and receiving stations. By transmitting identical signals across the entire range of frequencies, DSSS helps to reduce interference and makes it possible to recover lost data without retransmission.
IEEE 802.11a
The 802.11a wireless Ethernet standard is new on the scene. It uses a different band than 802.11b—the 5.8-GHz band called U-NII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) in the United States. Because the U-NII band has a higher frequency and a larger bandwidth allotment than the 2.4-GHz band, the 802.11a standard achieves speeds of up to 54 Mbps. However, its more limited in range than 802.11b. It uses an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) encoding scheme rather than FHSS or DSSS.
IEEE 802.11g
802.11g is an extension of 802.11b and operates in the same 2.4-GHz band as 802.11b. It brings data rates up to 54 Mbps using OFDM technology.
Because it's actually an extension of 802.11b, 802.11g is backward-compatible with 802.11b—an 802.11b device can interface directly with an 802.11g access point. However, because 802.11g also runs on the same three channels as 802.11b, it can crowd already busy frequencies.
Super G® is a subset of 802.11g and is a proprietary extension of the 802.11g standard that doubles throughput to 108 Mbps. Super G is not an IEEE approved standard. If you use it, you should use devices from one vendor to ensure compatibility. Super G is generally backwards compatible with 802.11g.
80211n improves upon 802.11g significantly with an increase in the data rate to 600 Mbps. Channels operate at 40 MHz doubling the channel width from 20 MHz. 802.11n operates on both the 2.4 GHz and the 5 GHz bands. 802.11n also added multiple-input multiple-output antennas (MIMO).
Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a part of the new IEEE 802.11n wireless standard. It's a technique that uses multiple signals to increase the speed, reliability, and coverage of wireless networks. It transmits multiple datastreams simultaneously, increasing wireless capacity to up to 100 or even 250 Mbps.
This wireless transmission method takes advantage of a radio transmission characteristic called multipath, which means that radio waves bouncing off surfaces such as walls and ceilings will arrive at the antenna at fractionally different times. This characteristic has long been considered to be a nuisance that impairs wireless transmission, but MIMO technology actually exploits it to enhance wireless performance.
MIMO sends a high-speed data stream across multiple antennas by breaking it into several lower-speed streams and sending them simultaneously. Each signal travels multiple routes for redundancy.
To pick up these multipath signals, MIMO uses multiple antennas and compares signals many times a second to select the best one. A MIMO receiver makes sense of these signals by using a mathematical algorithm to reconstruct the signals. Because it has multiple signals to choose from, MIMO achieves higher speeds at greater ranges than conventional wireless hardware does. collapse
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Oral Presentations
Oral presentations will consist of a 15-minute discussion of the undergraduate student's research or scholarship, followed by a 5-minute question and answer period. The presentations should focus on the motivation for the research, methods of the research, results of the research, and general conclusions. Students should prepare a PowerPoint presentation to accompany their talks. Talks should be prepared for a general audience and discipline-specific jargon should be avoided when possible and clearly defined when necessary. All oral presentation rooms will be mediated with Windows PCs. Students should arrive early to their scheduled session and bring their presentations on a USB flash drive.
Poster Presentations
Poster presentations will need to fit within a poster board space that is 36 inches tall and 46 inches wide. Please do not exceed these dimensions as you are sharing poster board space. Posters should be designed to be a visual aid to assist the presenter in walking attendees through the research project. Large blocks of text should be avoided. Graphics, pictures, and figures should be used whenever possible. Presenters will be expected to accompany their poster during their poster session in order to discuss their research with those in attendance. A packet of push pins for poster presenters will be provided at the poster site.
Visual/Graphic Art Exhibits
The CAA supports undergraduate scholarship that results in the creation of original artistic compositions. Institutions are welcome to submit visual/graphic art exhibits as one of their "poster" presentations. Visual/graphic art display must be able to fit one of the three guidelines below:
* If easel or pedestal is required, please note it in the "Special Accommodations" field on the
Student Registration Form.
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The Sound of St Andrews
posted: 29.09.2015
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PJ Harvey and Seamus Murphy's The Hollow of the Hand receives its World Premiere.
posted: 22.07.2015
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posted: 10.06.2015
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Solicitation of Public Comments
Proposed Regulations - Disclosures to State Officials about Tax-Exempt Organizations: Implementing changes made by 2006 legislation; comments are due by June 13, 2011.
Revenue Procedure 2011-15, 2011-3 I.R.B. 323 (Jan. 17, 2011): Requesting comments on the need for guidance regarding the filing of Form 990 returns by section 509(a)(3) supporting organizations.
Notice 2011-39, _____ I.R.B. _____ (May 16, 2011): Requesting public comments on recommendations for items that should be included on the 2011-2012 Guidance Priority List. The Treasury Department's Office of Tax Policy and the Service use the Guidance Priority List each year to identify and prioritize the tax issues that should be addressed through regulations, revenue rulings, revenue procedures, notices and other published administrative guidance. Although comments may be submitted at any time, only recommendations submitted by June 1, 2011, may be included on the original 2011-2012 priority guidance list.
Notice 2011-28, 2011-16 I.R.B. 656: Relief from certain information reporting requirements for small employers claiming the deduction for employer-sponsored group health insurance; comments are due by July 18, 2011.
Notice 2011-23, 2011-13 I.R.B. 588: Requirements for exemption of qualified nonprofit health insurers under Code section 501(c)(29); comments are due on or before May 27, 2011.
Notice 2011-20, 2011-16 I.R.B. 652: Application of Code section 501(c)(3) to tax-exempt organizations participating in the Medicare Shared Savings Program through an accountable care organization; comments are due by May 31, 2011.
Improving IRS Charities & Non-Profits Website: Suggestions for improving organization and content of Charities & Non-Profits website.


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North Residence Hall Construction
A new residence hall is being constructed in Parking Lot J, adjacent to Sigma. The building will be 4-story, community-style housing with 160 rooms and 338 beds. A courtyard will be created between Sigma and the new residence hall that will provide a beautiful outdoor environment for residents of both halls. The building will include many common lounges and a rooftop terrace that will overlook the creek and University Drive. A cafe on the first floor will provide a new dining option for students and employees across the campus. In keeping with Biola's continued commitment to sustainable design, the building will be LEED certified with the U.S. Green Building Council. The building is scheduled to be completed by July 2015.
If you have questions or concerns, please contact Facilities Planning and Construction by calling (562) 903-4790, or email to: email@example.com


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A new UHERO study assesses the impact of proposed projects on Lanai and Molokai
POSTED: 1:30 a.m. HST, Nov 1, 2012
LAST UPDATED: 8:21 a.m. HST, Nov 1, 2012
Meeting part of Hawaiian Electric Co.'s renewable energy target with large-scale wind projects on the neighbor islands would have a net positive effect on the state's economy, according to preliminary findings of a study being done by the University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization.
The study was undertaken in an effort to assess the impact of the proposed wind projects beyond just the cost to the electricity sector, according to UHERO.
"We looked at various scenarios and found that the economic impact was positive," said Makena Coffman, a UHERO research fellow who is doing the study with Paul Bernstein, a UHERO consultant.
Coffman delivered an early look at some of the study's findings during a presentation at the UHERO Forum held this week at the Hilton Hawaiian Village. Coffman and Bernstein are nearing completion of the study, which will be published in an economic journal.
The study assumes that developers will be successful in building proposed wind energy projects on Lanai and Molokai with a combined generating capacity of 400 megawatts. Electricity from the projects would be transmitted to Oahu via an undersea cable. Although Coffman did not give the assumed cost of the wind projects and cable, several estimates put the cost at more than $1 billion.
Utility-scale wind projects are a significant piece of HECO's renewable portfolio standard, a legal mandate requiring that 40 percent of the electricity sold by the utility come from renewable sources by 2030.
Adding 400 megawatts of wind generation to HECO's renewable portfolio standard would, among other things, serve as a hedge against "potentially rising and volatile fuel prices, including biofuel," Coffman said. The wind projects also would have a ripple effect throughout the economy, creating jobs, generating spending, reducing oil imports and cutting emissions, she said.
The state and U.S. Department of Energy have begun an environmental review process that will look at all forms of renewable energy throughout the state and a cable to interconnect the islands.
Coffman acknowledged that there is community opposition to the proposed wind projects on Lanai and Molokai by opponents who cite the damage that would be done to the islands' natural beauty and cultural sites.
"There has been a long conversation, and a necessary conversation," Coffman said. "This (study) can help inform that conversation," she added.


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Are your kids healthy?
Dd is. Ds has a lot of medical issues. I'm sure there are health issues too.
We all like to think our kids are healthy and we all do the best we can to ensure our kids are healthy. I grow what I can without pesticides and raise our own beef, lamb and chicken, totally grass fed, no hormones. what is lacking in vitamins and minerals I replace with real food technology and glyconutrients, just sprinkled onto our favourite meals and walla, super healthy food. Awesome.


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'Batman' hands suspect over to UK police
LONDON (AP) — A man dressed as Batman has brought a suspected burglar into a police station in northern England.
West Yorkshire Police said Monday that they do not know the identity of the man who appeared in "a full Batman outfit" and turned in a 27-year-old suspect to police in Bradford, England.
CCTV images released by police show a caped crusader — fully-clad with the comic hero's boots, gloves and logo across his chest — standing alongside a man in a red hooded sweatshirt.
Police said the handover occurred on February 25 and the suspect will appear in court on March 8 charged with handling stolen goods and fraud-related offenses.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press.
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