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Monthly archive for December 2011. Show all posts
The Unconquered: In Search of the Amazon's Last Uncontacted Tribes›From the Wilson Center // December 29, 2011 // By Kayly OberIn the far west of the Brazilian Amazon reside some of the last indigenous tribes on Earth untouched by modern society. In 2002, writer and photographer Scott Wallace, on assignment for National Geographic magazine, undertook a three month journey through the Javari Valley Indigenous Land on an expedition to map and protect the territory of the flecheiros, or Arrow People, named for the poison-tipped arrows they use. Wallace turned the chronicles of his adventure into a book while in residence as a Public Policy Scholar at the Wilson Center.
On November 21, Wallace returned to the Center to present his finished book, The Unconquered: In Search of the Amazon's Last Uncontacted Tribes.
Over the past 40 years, Brazil's policies towards indigenous tribes have changed dramatically, said Wallace – from initially wanting to "civilize" tribes through contact, to a modern hands-off approach. He explained that globalization and demand for rubber in the twentieth century meant more contact with indigenous tribes and, ultimately, more upheaval. As a result, many tribes took up hostile attitudes towards outsiders and retreated as far into the wilderness as possible.
Today, the Brazilian Department of Isolated Indians is attempting to map out the extent of uncontacted peoples' lands in order to better protect them from intrusion. Over the last eight years since the book was written, the official number of uncontacted tribes has increased from 17 to 26. Javari Valley alone hosts eight distinct ethnic groups, making it the largest concentration of uncontacted tribes in the world.
The leader of Wallace's expedition, Sydney Possuelo, is an explorer who was formerly the head of the Department of Isolated Indians and once one of Brazil's most famous sertanistas ("agents of contact"). Possuelo is now a champion of the vision that we should no longer contact tribes, said Wallace, but only "identify them and get legal protection for [their] lands and erect control posts to keep intruders out."
Old Tensions, New Threats
Although Wallace holds up Brazil as one of the countries with the most enlightened policies for native Indians in the Americas, he said there is cause for concern as intrusions continue. As Wallace notes on his blog, isolated Indians are known to travel extensively by foot during the dry season, appearing along the riverbanks as they search for turtle eggs buried in nests along the sandy beaches of the western Amazon. Mounting pressure from logging crews, wildcat gold prospectors, and seismic teams exploring for oil and gas are flushing these isolated indigenes out of the forests.
During their trek to map the flecheiros, Wallace's group ran into an illegal gold mining operation, and, although they managed to take the dredge to the local authorities, Wallace said he fears corruption may have stymied justice.
Rights-Based Conservation
On the positive side, Wallace pointed out that by protecting indigenous tribes, the government is also protecting tens of thousands of acres of virgin rainforest in what is a mutually beneficial intersection of conservation and human rights. "Indians are the rightful owners of the land and the most efficacious guardians of the rainforest," he said.
While there are many obstacles threatening the survival of uncontacted tribes, Wallace said that the situation is not hopeless and that conservation through protecting indigenous-rights in Brazil is a good starting point. "When there is a commitment to do something and resources are made available," he said, "what seems like inevitable development, like the overrunning of forests, can be stopped."
Event ResourcesBrazil Amazon adventure," courtesy of jonrawlinson.
Engaging Faith-Based Organizations on Maternal Health›Dot-Mom // From the Wilson Center // December 28, 2011 // By Calyn Ostrowski"Faith-inspired organizations have many different opportunities [than non-faith-based NGOs]. The point that is often reiterated is that religions are sustainable. They will be there before the NGOs get there and will be there long after," said Katherine Marshall, executive director of the World Faiths Development Dialogue at the Wilson Center on November 16. Marshall noted in her opening remarks that maternal health should be an easy issue for all groups, regardless of religious tradition, to stand behind. Yet, in reality, maternal health is a topic that "very swiftly takes you into complex issues, like reproductive health, abortion, and family planning," she said.
As part of the Advancing Dialogue on Maternal Health series, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars' Global Health Initiative collaborated with the World Faiths Development Dialogue and Christian Connections for International Health to convene a small technical meeting on November 15 with 30 maternal health and religious experts to discuss case studies involving faith-based organizations in Bangladesh, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Yemen. The country case studies served as a springboard for group discussion and offered a number of recommendations for increasing the capacity of faith-based organizations (FBOs) working on maternal health issues.
Engaging Religious Leaders in Pakistan
"When working with religious leaders to improve maternal health there are some do's and don'ts," said Nabeela Ali, chief of party with the Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN). Ali described a PAIMAN project that worked with 800 ulamas (religious leaders) to increase awareness about pregnancy and promote positive behavior change among men.
One of the "do's" highlighted by Ali was the need to build arguments for maternal health based on the Quran and to tailor terminology according to the ulamas preferences. The ulamas who worked with PAIMAN did not want to utilize the word "training," so instead they called their education programming "consultative meetings." More than 200,000 men and women were reached during the sermons and the strategy was been picked up by the government as one of the best practices written into in the Karachi Declaration, signed by the secretaries of health and population in 2009.
Despite the successes of the program, Ali warned against having unrealistic expectations for religious leaders interfacing with maternal health. She stressed the importance for having a long-term "program" approach to the issue, as opposed to a short-term "project" framework.
Behavior Change in Yemen
"Religion is a main factor in decisions Yemeni people make about most issues in their lives and religious leaders can play a major role in behavior change," said Jamila AlSharie a community mobilizer for Pathfinder International.
Eighty-two percent of Yemeni women say the husband decides if they should receive family planning and 22 percent say they do not take contraception because they belief it is against their religion and fertility is the will of God, said AlSharie. Therefore, the adoption of healthy behavior change requires the involvement of key opinion leaders and the alignment of messages set in religious values. Trainings with religious leaders included family planning from an Islamic perspective, risks associated with early pregnancy, nutrition, education, and healthcare as a human right.
Male Participation a Key Strategy
"As a faith-based organization we believe it is a God-given right to safe health care and delivery so we mobilize communities to support pregnant women to address their needs, educate families about referrals and existing services in the community," said Elidon Bardhi, country director for the Bangladesh arm of the Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA).
Through female-run community organizations, ADRA educates men and women about the danger signs of labor and when to seek care. For example, many men in Bangladesh hold the belief that women should eat less during pregnancy to ensure a smaller baby is born, thereby making delivery easier, said Bardhi. ADRA addressed such misconceptions through a human rights-based approach and emphasized male participation as a key strategy, ensuring there were seven male participants for every one female.
A Culturally Nuanced Approach in Nigeria
The Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (NURHI) is a public-private partnership that identifies and creates strategies for integrating family planning with maternal health. According to Kabir Abduallahi, team leader of NURHI, "family planning" is not as acceptable a term as "safe birth spacing" in Nigeria, so the project highlighted how family planning can help space births and save lives.
Religion and culture play an important role in the behavior of any community. The introduction of a controversial healthcare intervention (such as family planning) in a religiously conservative community requires careful assessment of the environment and careful planning for its introduction, said Abduallahi. Baseline surveys and formative research data helped NURHI understand the social context and refine intervention strategies.
Ten Ways to Increase the Capacity of FBOs
Faith-based organizations' close links to communities provide them with an opportunity to promote behavior change and address other cultural factors contributing to maternal mortality rates such as early marriage and family planning.
Working in collaboration with FBOs and other stakeholders is critical to promoting demand for maternal and reproductive health services; however, there is limited knowledge about faith-based maternal healthcare and FBOs are often left off the global health agenda. In conclusion, Marshall noted 10 areas the group identified as areas to focus on:
- Move projects to programs: Projects are often donor driven and limited in scope and duration. Donors and policymakers should move from project-oriented activities to local, regional, and national-level advocacy programs to build sustainable change.
- Coordinate, coordinate, coordinate: Significant resources are wasted due to a lack of coordination between FBOs and development agencies. A country-level coordinating mechanism should be developed to streamline efforts not only between agencies but also across faiths.
- Context, context, context: A thorough understanding of the local culture and social norms is imperative to successful program implementation.
- Terminology is important: In Pakistan, religious leaders redefined sensitization meetings around family planning and maternal and child health as "consultative meetings" not "trainings." In Nigeria, the culture prefers "child birth spacing" over "family planning." In Yemen, it's "safe age of marriage" instead of "early childhood marriage."
- Most religious leaders are open and with adequate information can produce behavior and value changes. Utilizing the Quran, Hadith, and Bible can support arguments and emphasize the issue of health and gender equity.
- Relationship building: Winning the trust of religious leaders can be difficult and time-consuming but is necessary for opening doors to patriarchal societies.
- Rights-based approach: A human rights-based approach can be a very powerful agent of change for addressing negative social structures such as violence against women, but it can also create controversy. In Bangladesh, ADRA utilized the approach to educate men about nutrition, dowry and child marriage, and education of women.
- Networks: There is a significant need to create forums that bring together the various FBO and global development communities in order to share knowledge and enhance advocacy messages. Networks are needed to streamline resources and inventory existing research, projects, and faith-based models that work.
- Monitoring and evaluation systems: There is a striking lack of data about the impact and outcomes of FBOs. Increasing the monitoring and evaluation skills of FBO workers can improve evaluation systems and meet the demand for new data.
- There needs to be greater political will for engaging the faith-inspired community.
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Managing the Planet: The Road to Rio+20›From the Wilson Center // December 27, 2011 // By Theresa Polk"We still see people thinking about the environment as if it is something apart. The idea of a synergy, a balance of development still, I think, eludes us both in theoretical, but especially in practical terms. And that is what Rio+20 is about," said Ambassador Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado, under-secretary for environment, energy, science, and technology at the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The Rio+20 conference next year, marks the 20th anniversary of the 1992 UN Earth Summit. It will be an opportunity to generate new answers to the question of how to collectively develop in a more sustainable and balanced way, said Figueiredo. Jacob Scherr, director of strategy and advocacy at the Natural Resources Defense Council, Richenda Van Leeuwen, senior director for energy and climate at the UN Foundation, and Thomas Lovejoy, biodiversity chair at the Heinz Center for Science and professor of environmental science and policy at George Mason University, joined the ambassador at the Wilson Center on November 16 for a discussion about preparations for the upcoming conference. The event was part of the Managing the Planet seminar series, coordinated jointly by George Mason University and the Wilson Center.
Sustainable Development Goals
Rio+20 should reaffirm the sustainable development vision of the first Earth Summit, said Scherr, "of our ability to deal with all of these issues at once: to move forward on economics, and dealing with poverty, of being equitable, and protecting and preserving the environment for future generations."
Figueiredo said he sees the concept of a "green economy" as an "instrument to promote sustainable development and eradicate poverty. And in that sense, it seems clear that we will not find one green economy as such, but probably as many green economies as countries in the world, because each country will find its way of using that kind of tool."
One proposal for the conference, supported by Brazil, is to devise a set of sustainable development goals, which would "embrace the Millennium Development Goals and instill a certain sustainability viewpoint to all of them," Ambassador Figueiredo said. Furthermore, they would be global in nature, rather than geared towards developing countries, providing a vision for collective development.
"The Millennium Development Goals were good in some ways [but] they were fairly weak on the environmental side," said Thomas Lovejoy. "This is a chance to actually improve on that, to really bring these elements together."
Action and Accountability
Through "sustainable development dialogues," Brazil is working to provide a new mechanism for civil society input at the conference. According to Figueiredo, Brazil hopes to "create a bridge between those who understand the issues, those who have a deep knowledge of the issues, and those who have the power again to do something about it."
"We have been talking about these issues for 40 years, what we really need is a meeting that, as the Secretary General recently said, is a conference about implementation…to really start moving us down the path towards a sustainable future," said Scherr.
"You might argue that everything that happened 20 years ago was an absolute failure, but of course it was not, because an awful lot has happened in the interim, it's just that it hasn't happened on a big enough scale or fast enough," Lovejoy said.
"What gives me a lot of reason for hope going into Rio+20 is there are a lot of very practical, very pragmatic efforts involved," he said.
Richenda Van Leeuwen pointed to the UN Secretary General's Sustainable Energy for All initiative as a potential agenda to follow. The initiative has three objectives: ensuring universal access to modern energy services; doubling the rate of improvement in energy efficiency; and doubling the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix.
"We are using Rio, and the seminal opportunity that it represents, as a mechanism to be able to bring these new commitments together…to show that there is an opportunity for concrete actions," Van Leeuwen said.
A robust accountability framework is vital to that effort, Van Leeuwen said. "It's easy to make a pledge at a pledging conference, but really what we are looking at is a whole new way of doing business, a whole new action agenda," she said. "So we are very optimistic and very excited about the opportunity for Rio, but Rio not as an end really, but as a beginning and as an opportunity to be a springboard to get much further global action."
Photo credit: "Brazil!," courtesy of Flickr user sparktography.
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IRP Editors Cover Rwanda's Population, Health, and Environment Challenges›On the Beat // December 26, 2011 // By Wilson Center StaffThe original version of this article appeared on the International Reporting Project website.
The International Reporting Project (IRP) and 12 senior editors and producers from across the United States traveled to Rwanda this year to learn about issues affecting Rwanda and other countries in Africa and to help them improve their news organizations' international coverage. Some of the editors focused on Rwanda's extensive population, health, and environmental challenges:
Nicholas Aster, founder and publisher of San Francisco's Triple Pundit, covered sustainable development in Kigali, coffee's empowerment potential, and eco-tourism sites like Volcanoes National Park. Aster also became interested in Rwanda's efforts to avert disaster by corralling Lake Kivu's CO2 reserves into a power supply. At the close of his trip, Aster reflected on Rwanda's sustainability goals in a photo essay.
Tom Paulson, host and reporter for KPLU's Humanosphere, discovered the positive side of aid and development in Rwanda, including girls' education initiatives and coffee farming improvements. Moreoever, Paulson documented the Gatekeepers' trip to Volcanoes National Park, including a visit from a mountain gorilla who became a little too friendly. Paulson has also posted several questions the Gatekeepers asked President Paul Kagame when they met with him, including his policies on restricting free speech, curbing population growth, and preventing another genocide. At the close of the trip, Paulson composed a photo slideshow that shows a growing, vibrant Rwanda, and he also outlined 10 reasons why the complex and sometimes contradictory country can't be described in a sound-bite.
Sue Horton, op-ed and Sunday Opinion editor of the Los Angeles Times, began chronicling her trip with a survey of Rwanda's history on genocide, governance, and gorillas. On the road to meet Rwanda's famed gorillas, Horton noted Rwanda's strengths and challenges: its ambitious vision for the future encourages a growth in infrastructure and the country has showed impressive gains in healthcare provision and access, but Kigali is relocating residents who don't fit the image.
The deputy managing editor of Global Post, Andrew Meldrum, also found a note of optimism in witnessing how far Rwanda has come since the genocide, particularly after hearing the testimonies of the genocide's youngest victims: children born of sexual violence during the genocide. And his Global Post colleague Jon Rosen delves into the country's population growth and the government's approach to family planning.
In addition to the Gatekeeper Editor Trips, the IRP offers individual Fellowships to U.S. reporters to travel overseas on five-week reporting trips. In 2009, IRP Fellow Perry Beeman discovered a Rwanda similar to that which the Gatekeepers encountered: a country that has made much progress, but still has many challenges ahead. Beeman, who also was a public policy scholar at the Woodrow Wilson Center, created a multimedia series, "Renewal in Rwanda", for The Des Moines Register; his reporting garnered him an Overseas Press Club citation for Best Reporting in 2010.
Rwandans, Beeman found, are dedicated to conservation. President Kagame is committed to the environment and is driven to develop clean, sustainable power and to convert from subsistence agriculture to a stronger, more diversified economy. But everyone has a hand in this effort, including schoolchildren who report on conservation in song, dance, and dramatic arts. Beeman also examined efforts to preserve the Gishwati Forest, including gorilla and chimpanzee preservation efforts from villagers to businessmen to researchers. Beeman emphasized the importance of immersing oneself in an environment in order to report on it, and he did so by, among other things, tracking wild chimpanzees in the forest.
For more information about IRP's Fellowships and Gatekeeper Editor trips, visit their website at InternationalReportingProject.org.
Photo Credit: "The Broadsheet in Kyovu, Kigali," courtesy of flickr user noodlepie (Graham Holliday).
Ambassador Melanne Verveer, U.S. Department of State
Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women's Issues on Durban and the Role of Women in Combating Climate Change›December 23, 2011 // By Wilson Center StaffThe original version of this article, by Ambassador Melanne Verveer, appeared on the White House Council on Environmental Quality blog.
Last week I traveled to Durban, South Africa to participate in the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to highlight the critical and largely untapped potential of women to combat climate change. Studies have shown that it is often women who are on the frontlines of, and suffer disproportionately from, the impacts of climate change. This is certainly important. But we must remember that women are also a powerful force for finding solutions to climate change across the board, including in areas such as agriculture, sustainable forest management, and energy access.
Agriculture, which accounts for approximately 14 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and is a sector that can be particularly sensitive to climate variability and change, is one key area where women can play a major role. A recent FAO report shows that women, in many places, are the main producers of the world's staple crops, particularly in developing countries and regions likely to be adversely affected by climate change impacts. However, globally, only a small minority of women farmers have access to land tenure. This is a problem for many reasons – including that it limits women's potential to combat climate change. Studies have shown that women with the right to property are significantly more capable of investing in climate-smart agricultural productivity; we have a lot of work to do to unlock women's potential in this area.
Women also have untapped potential for increasing energy access, which directly relates to climate change. For example, nearly three billion people globally still rely on traditional cookstoves and open fires to prepare food for their families. In most instances, women are responsible for cooking – not to mention also spending many hours per week collecting fuel, which often puts women at risk of gender based violence. The resulting smoke exposure causes an estimated two million premature deaths annually, with women and young children the most affected. Cookstoves also impact the climate through emissions of greenhouse gases and short-lived particles such as black carbon. Engaging women is critical to tackling this problem. As we work to build a global market for clean cookstoves, integrating women into the cookstoves supply chain will help increase clean cookstove adoption rates while also creating new economic development opportunities. And as Secretary Clinton has noted, women create a multiplier effect in local communities because they disproportionately spend more of their earned income on food, healthcare, home improvement, and schooling.
The United States recognizes the power of women's potential in these areas and many others, and is investing in major initiatives including Feed the Future and the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, where women's role in generating transformative change is front and center.
I went to Durban to highlight the critical role of women in combating climate change. While there, I worked with U.S. negotiators on the Durban texts and participated in public engagement events. Our efforts to build on the gender equality and women's empowerment language in the Cancun agreements are reflected in several crucial institutional developments, including language on gender balance related to the composition of the board of the new Green Climate Fund, the Standing Committee, and the Adaptation Committee. We also worked to reflect gender considerations in the mission of the Climate Technology Center and Network. USAID Assistant Administrator Eric Postel and I solicited input during a meeting with leading non-governmental organizations working on gender and climate issues, and I hosted a high-level side event at the U.S. Center focused on unlocking women's potential to combat climate change. The level of enthusiasm among my fellow panelists and the audience at the event was inspirational.
We made progress in Durban, but we can't stop here. To achieve the future we all seek, we must do more. As the late Wangari Maathai, founder of the Green Belt Movement and ground-breaking advocate on women and the environment said, "We must not tire, we must not give up, we must persist." The future of not only women, but our planet, depends on it.
Ambassador Melanne Verveer is U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women's Issues.
Sources: Food and Agriculture Organization, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, The White House.
Photo Credit: "Melanne S. Verveer," courtesy of the U.S. Embassy, Kabul.
In Somalia, Beyond the Immediate Crises, Demography Reveals a Long-Term Challenge›December 21, 2011 // By Elizabeth Leahy MadsenIn the nearly 20 years since the infamous intervention that resulted in the deaths of dozens of American and UN peacekeeping soldiers on the streets of Mogadishu, Somalia has become the epitome of a "failed state." Neighboring countries, global bodies, and aid agencies are rushing to respond to the country's rapidly evolving political, security and humanitarian crises.
Diplomatic attention has focused on decentralized, weak governance that is divided among the Al Shabab insurgency, clan warlords, and a hamstrung and largely ineffective Transitional Federal Government, whose control does not extend beyond the capital. Foreign militaries have had to devote naval resources to curtailing daring and far-reaching acts of piracy against civilian and military vessels from networks based in Somalia. Aid groups have been stymied in their efforts to stem famine as access to populations in the hardest-hit areas has been cut off by Al Shabab and food aid has been stolen. Most recently, Kenyan and, reportedly, Ethiopian forces have crossed the border, extending the reach of the country's political crisis. Hundreds of thousands of have fled conditions of hunger, illness, and violence into neighboring countries.
Perhaps the deepest woe of a "failed state" is that its problems are deep-seated and cannot be solved during the brief span of a UN meeting or the news cycle following the latest terrorist attack. Amid the extraordinary efforts to battle the country's crises, one of the most important underlying structural factors is often overlooked: the country's unusual demographic picture.
A Demographic Outlier
Somalia is a global outlier in demographic terms, with rates of fertility (6.4 children per woman), infant mortality (107 deaths per 1,000 births), and maternal mortality (1,200 deaths per 100,000 live births) all above the already-high averages for sub-Saharan Africa. These demographic indicators are both a reflection of the abysmal state of health care in the country and a warning that its economic and security challenges are unlikely to be easily resolved.Research shows that where at least 60 percent of the population is younger than 30 years old, countries are more prone to outbreaks of civil conflict, and the risk increases as the proportional size of the "youth bulge" grows. In Somalia, 70 percent of the population is younger than 30, a level comparable to Iraq and the Palestinian Territories. With little to no improvements in health care, Somalia's age structure has remained unchanged over the past 40 years. Unlike dozens of other countries where fertility has declined significantly in recent decades, Somali women have nearly as many children on average today as they did in the 1970s. The current total fertility rate of 6.4 children per woman is only a 12 percent decline from the 1970 rate.
Despite high infant mortality – more than 10 percent of children die before turning one – this sustained high fertility rate has generated rapid population growth, with each successive generation larger than the next. Somalia's population has almost tripled since 1970, from 3.6 to 9.3 million, although population density remains low (one-third the world average). If the fertility rate remains constant at the current level – not an unreasonable projection considering how stagnant it has been over past decades – Somalia would be home to 33 million people by 2050. Even if the fertility rate drops to near four children per woman, as projected in the UN's medium variant, the population would still triple to 28 million by mid-century given the demographic momentum of decades of high fertility.
A recent World Health Organization assessment described "unacceptable levels of unmet need, extreme inequities in access…slow progress…[and] underinvestment and poorly coordinated actions." Pregnancy and childbirth are major risks to women's well-being. Somali women have a one in 14 chance of dying from maternal causes over their lifetimes, the second-highest risk in the world. Funding to improve reproductive and maternal health care remains too low to meet demand. The United Nations Population Fund reports that donors spent about $6 million on population and reproductive health programs in 2008, about one-third as much as was spent in Benin and Burundi, which have smaller populations.
The Future for Youth
Instability and violence have become entrenched in Somalia; according to the Armed Conflict Dataset, civil conflict occurred in 12 of the past 20 years. The direct causes of the conflict are typically recorded as struggles for power and resources among competing clans. But in considering the underlying causes of conflict, demographic security scholars have suggested that very young age structures such as Somalia's can create both motive and opportunity for recruitment into a violent uprising. As ever-growing numbers of young people face adulthood with few prospects for employment, hopelessness or desperation can make them vulnerable to the promise of well-being and identity offered by a political faction or rebel group.
There are 1.7 million people between the ages of 15 and 24 in Somalia today, with another 2.5 million following in the next ten-year age cohort. With opportunities for education, jobs, and equitable participation in society, these youth would represent a promising future for their country. Unfortunately, such opportunities are not afforded to most of them. A United Nations survey found that the secondary school enrollment rate is just six percent, with poverty and early marriage keeping many young people out of school. World Bank data from 2002 show that two-thirds of urban working-age adults and 41 percent of those in rural areas were unemployed. Nearly half of the population lives on less than $1 per day.
Youth Education, Economic Opportunities Could Increase Stability
While global attention centers on the government's commitment to a new roadmap for peace and the efforts of the African Union's peacekeeping forces to drive Al Shabab out of Mogadishu, development agencies have recognized demographic security as an important component of Somalia's future.
The United Nations Children's Fund is supporting schools for displaced children in Mogadishu, saying in a press release that "providing them with learning opportunities in a safe environment is critical for the country's long-term stability and growth."
The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has announced plans for a new program called the Somali Youth Leaders Initiative, which aims to improve young people's access to secondary education and economic opportunities and to increase their civic participation. In designing the program, USAID noted "the recruitment of boys and men by extremist organizations and piracy networks" and "the common perception that an increasing youth population is a potentially destabilizing force."
As the October 4 bombing at the Education Ministry in Mogadishu showed, young people are often the victims of the country's instability. Programs such as those of UNICEF and USAID that empower young people to capitalize on their potential should be a greater focus among initiatives to address Somalia's long-term future as well as its immediate crises.
Elizabeth Leahy Madsen is a consultant on political demography for the Wilson Center's Environmental Change and Security Program and former senior research associate at Population Action International.
Sources: BBC, Population Action International, The New York Times, UCDP/PRIO, UNICEF, UNESCO, UN Population Division, UN Population Fund, Urdal (2006), USAID, World Bank, World Health Organization.
Image Credit: "Somalia Suffers from Worst Drought in Century," courtesy of flickr user United Nations Photo/Stuart Price; charts arranged by Elizabeth Leahy Madsen, data from the UN Population Division and World Health Organization.
Climate Diplomacy in Perspective›December 20, 2011 // By Lukas RüttingerClimate policy on the international level often seems to be largely limited to negotiations within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). However, in the shadow of these negotiations, a new approach merging climate and foreign policy is developing. Calling it "climate diplomacy," proponents of this approach argue that tackling climate change is inherently a political struggle and one in which classic diplomatic instruments should play a role. This is especially true, since the challenges posed by climate change are so huge and the solutions so far reaching that the climate conversation also has to be a diplomatic one. Yet negotiations and treaties are just one instrument of foreign policy and they are only as successful and strong as the political foundation upon which they are built.
The German Federal Foreign Office, supported by adelphi, invited representatives from the European Union, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the United Nations, as well as over 30 countries for a two-day conference in Berlin this October, "Climate Diplomacy in Perspective – From Early Warning to Early Action," to discuss what climate diplomacy looks like in practice, what its added value is, and what challenges it is best suited to address.
In working groups on water diplomacy, food security, and coastal stability, common themes and questions quickly emerged. In particular, the value and danger of securitizing the climate change discourse was a prominent issue.
On the one hand, the securitization of issues such as transnational water sharing can raise threat perception to a level that makes it very hard to tackle and may even foster conflict. On the other hand, participants noted that framing climate change as a security challenge might help to finally create the political leverage needed for far-reaching action.
Confronting Complexity
Another common theme was the complexity and linked nature of the climate challenges faced. Although covering different aspects, each working group quickly recognized systems with multiple feedback loops, such as the water-food-energy nexus. The same point was underlined in discussions around complex emergencies and crises, such as the 2010 floods in Pakistan.
However, the discussion did not stop at an analysis of challenges, the working groups also developed many suggestions of what climate diplomacy could and should look like.
One shared recommendation was that the complexity of and links between issues require sectoral policies and institutions to reach beyond their traditional, thematic, and even geographic focus. In regards to cross-border water cooperation, for example, this means that regional political institutions are often better suited than water institutions because of their broader mandate and focus. Where classic diplomacy and regional cooperation do not work, for example because national governments are blocking these efforts, participants proposed that informal diplomacy, track two initiatives, and cooperation on lower administrative levels such as municipalities can provide alternatives.
The complexity of the challenges is daunting but when asked to summarize why diplomats should tackle climate change, John Ashton, the special representative for climate change for the British Commonwealth Foreign Office, summed up his understanding in a simple but to-the-point answer: "Because it is our job."
Lukas Rüttinger is a project manager for adelphi, mainly focusing on the fields of conflict analysis and peacebuilding as well as resources and governance.
Photo Credit: German Federal Foreign Office.
From Dakar: Explaining Population Growth and Family Planning to Environmentalists›December 19, 2011 // By Sandeep Bathala"There is a growing recognition that population is a key driver of environmental, development, governance, and security challenges; however, family planning is not a traditional tool, nor is it often considered an 'appropriate' one, for responding to food, water, climate, or conflict," said Roger-Mark De Souza at a November 30 panel discussion at the 2011 International Conference on Family Planning in Dakar, Senegal. "This presents a challenge for us: How can we change perceptions of family planning so that it becomes part of the solution to wider problems, including natural resource scarcity, lack of economic development, gender inequity, and instability?"
De Souza, vice president of research and director of the climate program at Population Action International (PAI), was joined by Sandeep Bathala, program associate with the Wilson Center's Environmental Change and Security Program; Robert Engelman, president of Worldwatch Institute; and Daisy Magaña, fellow with the GoJoven Program, for a session on "Reaching Out at Rio: Explaining Population Growth and Family Planning to Environmentalists."
Population Dynamics Part of Climate Vulnerability
"Advocates…need to communicate that empowering women to make their own reproductive choices will improve both their individual well-being and our collective environment," said Engelman. According to research conducted on behalf of Americans for UNFPA, messages that focus on women – their health or empowerment – resonate well with American environmentalists, as they do with broader audiences.
PAI's interactive mapping website shows that high levels of unmet need for family planning and rapid population growth rates are common in countries with low levels of resilience to climate change and high levels of projected decline in agricultural production, said De Souza. "Family planning services can be one element of a multi-pronged strategy to reduce especially women's vulnerability to these interlocking vulnerabilities," he said.
"Currently, population growth is viewed as a challenge to addressing climate change-related vulnerabilities, but family planning services are commonly left out of conversations about ways to reduce these vulnerabilities." This is a lost opportunity, said De Souza: "We can integrate family planning into wider environmental, development, and peace-building efforts."
At the recent UN Climate Change Conference in Durban, a side event on reproductive health and climate was well-attended. However, as panelist Esther Agbarakwe of the Africa Youth Initiative on Climate Change noted, population was not part of the conference's official discussion, due to lack of knowledge and fears of population control. PAI is currently working with UNFPA to produce a series of training modules on population and climate change that will help environmentalists, climate change activists, and researchers better understand and explore these connections.
Tapping the Youth Base
Bathala, formerly the Sierra Club's Global Population and Environment Program director, discussed how the Sierra Club, one of the only major grassroots conservation organizations with a population program, uses youth outreach to raise awareness on the links between the environment, reproductive health, and women's rights.
Because young people constitute over half of the world's population, the Sierra Club focuses on empowering youth leaders to make the connection between environmental issues and sexual and reproductive health and rights. The Population and Environment Program reaches youth directly by organizing summits and multi-state campus tours featuring young people from around the world sharing compelling stories with their peers.
"The program provides youth and adult activists with materials, communication strategies, and leadership training," Bathala said. "With these tools, the activists then educate their community members, campus, and decision-makers about the need for measures that increase access to family planning while addressing poverty, women's empowerment, and environmental protection."
In April, fellow panel member and Belize-native Daisy Magaña joined one of the Sierra Club's U.S. tours to discuss the GoJoven program, which convenes and support youth reproductive health champions throughout Latin America. Through GoJoven, Magaña has worked to expand adolescent reproductive and sexual health choices, services, policies, and programs in Belize.
In a blog post, Magaña discussed how her message was simple: Don't give up. "If you think being active on environmental and sexual rights issues is hard to do here, imagine doing it in a deeply conservative [Catholic] country like mine," she told U.S. students.
Sierra Club also leads story tours to functioning population, health, and environment programs in the field, including a 2009 trip to Guatemala and Belize in conjunction with GoJoven. Through visits to 10 project sites, two U.S.-based youth advocates witnessed first-hand the challenges and opportunities associated with community-based sexual and reproductive health programs, significantly enhancing their ability to be pro-active messengers in their own communities. The tour helped the Sierra Club build an international network of young people committed to social and policy change in their countries.
Looking Forward: Finding Ways To Highlight Integration
While recognition of the connections between population growth and environmental impacts is growing, the experience of the panelists shows that it takes innovative methods to reach both the environmental and family planning communities. A similar panel later this winter at the Wilson Center will include representatives of Americans for UNFPA discussing their research on talking to environmentalists about reproductive health and population growth.
With the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) coming in June of next year, highlighting successful strategies is crucial in order to pave the way for better integration in the future.
Event ResourcesRoger-Mark De Souza/Population Action International.


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Apparently it is when rule of law is no longer a concern.
Understand this, I voted AGAINST Prop. 8. I support homosexual marriage. However you don't burn down rule of law just to get to a goal. This issue would have moved along in time. Now instead of letting popular support build it could create a federalized decision against such marriages and that would be wrong as well because these things should be left to the states.
Wrongs all around though.
Good post; I share your concern. One judge told 20 million Californians their vote does not matter! I especially like your quote, "you don't burn down rule of law just to get to a goal." That should be good guidance going forward for every leftist!

subset: commoncrawl


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Quaker Barrel Unique Antique & General Store is one of Elgin County's largest antiques and collectibles showrooms. With multi-dealers and over 5,500 square feet of space, we carry many unique "one-of-a-kind" antique and collectible pieces ~ furniture, clocks, watches, toys, jewellery, china, glassware, vintage clothing, coins, lamps, military, sculpture, paintings, home and garden décor, Dalton figurines, books, records, hand made items and so much more.
Located on the "Talbot Trail" (Hwy #3) between St. Thomas and Aylmer in lovely Orwell, less than an hour west of Sarnia and 10 minutes off Hwy 401, and open seven days a week from 11:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. We invite you to indulge in some happy treasure hunting of our constantly changing mechandise. Beginning April 15, 2010, you can relax with a spot of tea and a bite to eat in our unique Mad Hatter Tea Room or garden patio and browse our craft and garden vendors in our outdoor market area.
Antiques are the ultimate in recycling. They also offer the best opportunity to find affordable, original, beautifully crafted pieces.
Step into the pages of Alice in Wonderland with a visit to our Mad Hatters Tea Room. With its themed décor, don't be surprised to see the Mad Hatter make an appearance, in full costume!
Do you share our passion for antiques and fine collectibles? Becoming a vendor at
Quaker Barrel Unique Antique & General Store is simple and easy.


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- UCM reiterates stand on territorial boundary ahead of GOI-NSCN (IM) talk
- MPP joins Hiyanglam by-poll fight, announces candidate
- JCILPS clarifies on reported after talk stalemate with All political parties committee
- Govindas proposes textiles park under NERTPS during annual conference of Textile ministers
- Encourage a sense of nationalism, AMWJU president tells students
- Awareness campaign on centrally sponsored schemes inaugurated at CCpur
Micro finance policy brings a boon to Ukhrul villagers
From John K Kaping
UKHRUL, Dec 10: The launching of a new "Micro-Insurance Policy†in Ukhrul district by the Sub-Divisional Office(SDO), Ukhrul, Rajen Vishal (IAS) has brought a "boon†to Ukhrul villagers as the policy contains systematic and innovative policy fostering better life dependency towards the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gaurantee Act (MNREGA) Job Card holders in introducing the Insurance Policy under the MNREGS Operational Guidelines.
The Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO)/BDO UKhrul Rajen Vishal, IAS has initiated a new policy with the concern and interest of the welfare of the Job-Card beneficiaries under MNREGS to implement within the financial fiscal year by organizing "Education and Awareness Campaign†to all the concern Job-Card holders to have a "nut-shell†boon notion by availing or in part proactive to the Policy.
The new policy reflects the importance of covering the threats faced by the villagers during the course of discharging duties in paddy field, travelling in truck, Shaktiman or taxi etc. thereon any workers may at any time meet life casualties.
The "Boon Policy†is specially meant for the job-card holders concerning with the MNGEGS committee along with the villagers MNREGS Job-Card beneficiaries and its success is predicted to depend on the support of th epeople and their participation.
Aâ€Comprehensive Awareness Campaign†aiming to project the feasible and affordable "Micro-Insurance Policy†has also been launched recently at LMTD Block .


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Budapest Bike Tour
We've selected the best candid trip photos submitted by our users to help you decide if the Budapest Bike Tour is right for you. Make the most of your next trip to Budapest with Viator's exclusive Photo Galleries.
Click here for tour details, schedule and pricing
Page: 1
Top of the Hill
July 2013
Second half of the day, we rode to the top of the palace grounds and looked back out over the Danube. Incredible!
Wine Cellar with the strudel cakes desert
May 2013
After a long bike ride around the city, we got a break in the very cool wine cellar. The guide busted a joke that and quot;ISN'T THIS IS COOL!!LOL and quot; It was very cold in their which was just what the doctor ordered after the heat from outside.
Entering the City Park
May 2013
This was one of my favorites because it had different designs from 1896.
Front of Heroes Square!
May 2013
This was fascinating and the tales he shared with me about each person that is a hero in Hungary.
In front of the Cathedral Bazilika.
May 2013
Managed to sneak a picture up close of the Bazilika. Quite stunning and beautiful.
Heroes´ Square
June 2011
Come early and it won´t be so crowded
Bike for rent
June 2011
Zebra any one?
Spot the flaw
June 2011
Spot the flaw
Page: 1


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THANKSGIVING WEEKEND: Traffic | Travel Guide | Weather | Holiday Guide | Mall Hours
CBS Local Audio Roadshow
See who's on today and find your favorite shows and Audio Roadshow clips from the archive.
Download Audio Roadshow, the new FREE mobile app that brings talk radio fans one step closer to the studio. Get it Now
The Mike And Ike Show 07-30-13
Today's Polls
- If you could only keep ONE of the following Phillies' players, who would you keep?View Results
Cliff Lee57 %Jonathan Papelbon0 %Chase Utley43 %
Today's Topics
- We're LIVE from Ponzio's Diner and Charlie Manuel will join us from 11:00am-12:00pm.
- Donovan McNabb formally retired as an Eagle yesterday and the Eagles they will retire the number five. Do you agree with them retiring his jersey? Also, Chip Kelly said no tackling to the ground until preseason. Do you agree with that?
- The Phillies open a three game series at home against the Giants tonight, coming off an eight game losing streak. The trade deadline is tomorrow. Who will the Phillies keep/trade?
- Twitter: @MikeandIke94WIP Facebook: Facebook.com/MikeandIkeWIP Call: 888-729-9494
Today's Guests
Charlie Manuel Phillies Manager
Rickie Ricardo Phillies Announcer for the Spanish Béisbol Network


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Lexis Advance
Lexis® for Microsoft® Office
LexisNexis® Digital Library
LexisNexis® Information Professional Update
New Sources
Research Tips
Yellow Books
Directories: Leadership Directories, Inc. publishes a series of directories called "Yellow Books." These include the Federal Yellow Book, the Municipal Yellow Book, the Law Firms Yellow Book, the Corporate Yellow Book, the Associations Yellow Book and the Government Affairs Yellow Book.
The Yellow Books are published in print as quarterly soft cover books, or you can buy online subscriptions. You can also buy individual profiles of the people or institutions in the book. A person's profile generally includes contact and basic biographical information. An institutional profile provides contact information plus the profiles of all the people who work for the institution.
New York State: In New York, the "Yellow Book" is the nickname of:
(1) a summary of the New York State budget produced by the New York State Assembly Committee on Ways and Means. Recent editions of the New York Yellow Book are posted online for 2001, then for 2003 up to the prior year (the address for 2003 is http://assembly.state.ny.us/Reports/WAM/2003Yellow/, the address for 2004 is http://assembly.state.ny.us/Reports/WAM/2004Yellow/, etc.) and
(2) a desk book officially titled New York Family Law Statutes but known as "the Yellowbook" (LexisNexis).
For comments, questions and suggestions,
email the author
Copyright 2015 Andrew Zimmerman
Keeping Current
Copyright © 2015 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


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- Filed Under
An interview can be a nerve-wracking experience. The job seeker feels pressure to answer questions and make a good impression.
But career experts say interviews need to be two-way streets if job seekers want to make sure they won't hate their new jobs in six months.
Specifically, job candidates must be armed with questions to really learn what an organization is all about. They've got to ferret out information that can help them avoid a boss who channels Attila the Hun or land in an organization that is a poster child for dysfunctional companies. ...


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by Ron Adee, CADdigest.com
Electronic media is being shared and exchanged by a wide variety
of clients, contractors, architects and engineers. Microsoft has
made much of this collaboration possible through its operating
systems and software. It is no problem to exchange files
generated from a Microsoft Office Suite program (i.e. Word,
Excel, Access, PowerPoint). But what happens when you want to
share an AutoCAD drawing with a non-AutoCAD user?
AutoCAD has tried to address this need by providing free drawing
viewers such as Volo View and Whip! But even these programs are
too cumbersome and confusing for the average office worker. A
need exists to be able to translate an AutoCAD drawing that is
immediately viewable and understandable to the least computer
literate recipient.
In this article I will try to address AutoCAD's limitations and
some solutions I have found using two of the most widely used
graphic viewers in use today, PowerPoint and Adobe. But first
some background.
AutoCAD is a powerful CAD drafting program that has been around
since 1982. It is the world's most popular CAD program,
accounting for 70% of CAD sales since its inception. It is a
good generic CAD program. By generic I mean that the program can
draw all of the basic geometric shapes such as lines, text,
arcs, circles, etc. By generic I also mean that it can be
adapted to a wide variety of uses. For instance, it can and has
been used for machine design, and for countless architectural,
structural, civil, electrical and mechanical projects. It does
what all CAD programs do: draw objects with extreme precision
and accuracy.
What AutoCAD does not do very well is image editing --
that is, tasks such as freehand artwork, or shading, rendering
and annotating. Programs designed for image editing and as
publishing aids have been available for years; there are
distinct differences between these image editor programs and CAD
AutoCAD, for example, was designed with the ultimate goal of
sending the finished result (a drawing) to a plotter. Great care
was taken in programming AutoCAD to enable a user to plot a
drawing with various line weights and at different scales and
sizes. You might say that, in a sense, AutoCAD is plotter
Image editor programs, on the other hand, were designed with the
goal of sending the finished result to a lithographer. In other
words, the finished product has to look good when printed.
Therefore, image editor programs could be considered printer
An AutoCAD drawing does not look so good on a screen. This is
because the lines are vector lines, which have no width. This
goes back to the days of pen plotters when vector lines were
used to give distance and direction information to a plotter
Image editor lines look good on a screen because they are raster
lines. Raster lines are composed of a series of "dots." Raster
images are not meant to be sent to a plotter, but to a camera. A
camera in the hands of a lithographer will take a picture of the
image and transfer that image to a plate. This image will
contain hundreds of dots.
With the advent of the Internet, AutoCAD and other CAD programs
have made great strides in incorporating raster images into
their software. Image editor programs have likewise made great
strides in incorporating vector images into their products.
However, neither one can totally replace the other.
In general, CAD programs are best for doing straight,
rectilinear lines and for crisp clean angles and corners. Image
editor programs are best suited for images with gradual changes
in texture, color, shape and shade. To put it in other terms,
CAD drawings are cartoon-like while image editor drawings are
more like photographs.
PDF, which stands for Portable Document Format, is the file
format produced by programs such as Adobe Illustrator and
Photoshop. I installed Photoshop on my computer when I was
testing out a scanner. Even after I uninstalled the software, I
was left with a plug-in program called PDF Writer. This program
installs a "virtual" printer and also installs a new command
line in all Microsoft products called Create Adobe PDF, which
directs output to the PDF Writer. This in turn translates all
Microsoft information into a PDF file that is readable by
Since PDF Writer also installs a virtual printer, it is possible
to use it to convert other types of documents, inlcuding AutoCAD
drawings. First, you have to configure a Windows System Printer
in AutoCAD. To do this, go to Settings, Printers and make the
PDF Writer the Default printer, then (in AutoCAD) go to Tools,
Preferences (Options) and add a New Printer. Pick the System
Printer option and answer all defaults.
A word of caution: in AutoCAD 2000 there is a bug when
doing a full preview to the PDF Writer. This is documented in
the AutoCAD "known limitations" file. Doing a full preview will
cause AutoCAD 2000 to fatal error.
Sending an AutoCAD drawing to PDF Writer has several advantages:
You can use the AutoCAD pen assignments and widths
You don't have to change the background color to white
You can plot paperspace viewports as well as modelspace
PowerPoint is installed on many office computers that come with
the Microsoft Office Suite. I have used PowerPoint many times
for distributing AutoCAD drawing information to non-AutoCAD
users. It has proven effective, but has several drawbacks. You
widen the lines of the AutoCAD drawing
change all fonts to a bold Truetype font
change the background color of the drawing to white
minimize the drawing window to be the approximate size of the
export a .wmf file from AutoCAD and paste this into a blank
PowerPoint slide
There are also advantages to using PowerPoint. You can:
crop or enlarge the graphic and other add other elements such as
arrows, bullets, and text
project the graphic onto an overhead screen
build a slide show
The advantages of PDF include its ability to:
distribute drawings to contractors or others who don't have
easily and quickly create a multiple pen width drawing in
create a drawing that is not editable and therefore "secure"
For those without access to PDF Writer, there are other free
alternatives. One is a program called PDF995, available as a
download. I have used it and it is very versatile. The free
version has banner ads that pop up each time the program is
launched, but these can be disabled for the cost of $9.95 (hence
the 995 in PDF995). Here is a link to their site: <http://www.pdf995.com>.
And here is a link to another PDF site: <http://www.jwwalker.com/pages/pdf.html>.
Before I export a .wmf file, I always make the background of my
drawing white. To do this, go to Tools, Preferences (Options),
and Display. Choose Colors and the "Graphic windows background."
Then select white from the basic colors palette. Then click OK
and Apply. This is not necessary for .pdf files, because the
drawing is sent to the PDF Writer as a Postscript file.
Postscript ignores background color.
But the color of the vector lines and text is important. Most
AutoCAD users are accustomed to working with a black background.
Foreground colors like yellow, magenta and cyan contrast well
with a black background but not with a white one.
Another consideration is the printed color. Most modern
monochrome printers apply a grayscale equivalent to certain
colors. For instance, red will be printed as a dark gray color
and blue will be printed pure black. Yellow, on the other hand,
will be printed as a light gray.
When preparing for a presentation I make a separate drawing. I
then revise my colors on that drawing to a more practical
palette. How do I determine what colors go on this palette?
First, I choose what looks good on the screen. Colors that
offers the best contrast on a white background are red, blue,
green and white (which converts to black when the background
color is changed). I sometimes use colors such as cyan and
magenta for hatch patterns and fills.
Next, I find the best contrast between these colors on a
monochrome print. To do this, take the AutoCAD "chroma" or
"colorwh" drawing (found in the Support folder) and make a print
of it. This will give you an idea of the grayscale shading that
occurs in every AutoCAD color. Below is an example (click
image to enlarge)
It can be a challenge sometimes to find a color that looks good
on both a screen and a print. After some practice, you will
develop an "eye" for the saturation of a particular color and
how dark it will print.
For more information, see my article, "Raster Images," which can
be found in my Adee's AutoCAD Answers website archive. See my
home page
for details.
It can be a challenge sometimes to find a color that looks good
on both a screen and a print. After some practice, you will
develop an "eye" for the saturation of a particular color and
how dark it will print.
For more information, see my article, "Raster Images," which can
be found in my Adee's AutoCAD Answers website archive. See my
home page
for details.
Ron Adee is a senior engineering technician who works for the
Kansas Air National Guard in Topeka, Kansas. He began drafting
in 1975, started using CAD full time in 1983 and has been using
AutoCAD since 1991.
A week's worth of articles will be emailed to you. See latest issue


text:
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CHAMBERSBURG - The Public Opinion History Club will meet Sunday to share local interest photos and memorabilia.
Local historian Mike Marotte will have a display from his personal collection.
Please join us 2 to 4 p.m. at 77 N. Third St., Chambersburg. Parking is available in the lot off King Street.
For more information, call Robin Layton at 262-4774.


text:
A One-Shot Deal?
FDA approves sale of drug that sterilizes male animals without surgery, but the limitations of Neutersol may lead shelters to keep neutering the old-fashioned way
FDA approves sale of drug that sterilizes male animals without surgery, but the limitations of Neutersol may lead shelters to keep neutering the old-fashioned way
Giving a new meaning to the term "shrinkage," the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) took the first step toward the chemical sterilization of pets with their recent approval of the testicle- and prostate-shrinking drug Neutersol for male puppies ages three to ten months.
In contrast to standard surgical castration, which removes the testicles, Neutersol is a zinc and l-arginine-based compound injected into each testicle, causing them and the prostate to atrophy. With just one quick shot, which costs approximately $50, the solution causes permanent sterility. Although anesthesia is not required to administer the drug, sedation may be required for puppies who move too much to be injected properly. In addition, because Neutersol may not kill the sperm present at the time of injection, treated dogs should be kept away from females in heat for at least 60 days after the procedure.
"Our primary job is to get these dogs sterilized so our shelters won't have to do so many euthanasias," said Dr. Bruce Addison, the founder of Addison Biological Laboratories, the exclusive marketer of the drug. "We would like to see more people comply with neutering, and the convenience [of Neutersol] we hope will lead to compliance."
The use of Neutersol, however, will not totally shut down testosterone production in dogs, leaving the possibility that the drug will not eliminate hormone-related illnesses such as testicular cancer or prostate disease—both of which can be prevented through surgical neutering.
Addison said his company is addressing the issue with the FDA. While he doesn't want to jump too far ahead of the FDA's review of their research, he suspects that the testicular cancer will not be an issue for chemically sterilized dogs because Neutersol atrophies the testicles by 77 percent, eliminating most of the cells that could potentially cause cancer.
Also yet to be tested is the effect of chemical sterilization on behavior; the continual production of testosterone following injection may not do anything to help decrease unwanted secondary male behavioral characteristics—such as roaming, marking, and aggression—that surgical castration is often thought to tackle. While Neutersol produces a 41- to 52-percent decrease in testosterone levels and could lead to some of the same positive behavioral effects as surgical castration, no tests have been done to study dog behavior after the use of the drug. Because of the lack of research in that area, Addison said he cannot make any claims about Neutersol's effect on behavior.
As of press time, news of Neutersol's debut was just beginning to trickle out to the sheltering community. As with any new product, reactions have ranged from naysaying to excitement to cautious optimism.
While the price tag for Neutersol may be acceptable for private practice veterinarians, some nonprofit organizations and municipal agencies are finding the drug's time-saving qualities aren't enough to justify its cost.
"The price is definitely more than what we expected," says Karen Sommer, the president of the Lakeland SPCA in Florida. "I don't know at this point whether or not it truly is a viable alternative to surgical castration. My veterinarian can do a neuter in nine minutes, after the techs had the dog scrubbed and shaved the dog, so I don't know that I'd be saving much time, especially if there is prepping that needs to be done before (using Neutersol). While I do feel like Neutersol is an avenue worth exploring, I want to see how our initial run goes."
Sommer had just gotten the drug when she was contacted by Animal Sheltering and hadn't used it yet. But her shelter was planning to do an initial test run, with assistance from Addison Biological Labs, on ten dogs who would go up for adoption after being sterilized. Staff will tell adopters about the new sterilization method and will follow up in the weeks after the dogs are adopted to see how they're doing, both physically and behaviorally.
Some in the sheltering community, however, think any time shelter personnel can save—and any animal stress they can reduce—is definitely worth the cost of the new drug.
"To me $50 is cheaper by the time you add up payroll, instruments, and all the rest, as well as the benefits to the animal of having the procedure possibly be less stressful," says Darlene Larson, who used to run a shelter but now is a director with the National Animal Control Association and works for the National Council on Pet Population Study and Policy. "I personally think it's pretty exciting. It's a first step to altering animals without surgery."
Side effects include testicle swelling within 24 hours of injection—a normal reaction to the compound—in addition to possible vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy, and diarrhea.
Given that Neutersol's use is currently limited to puppies ages three to ten months, Addison said the company is moving forward with testing the drug on both older dogs and cats. Scientists have tried chemical sterilization on these populations in the past, but the results thus far have been mixed. The HSUS has been actively involved in pursuing alternatives to surgical spaying and neutering for decades, and worked with the late Dr. Mostafa S. Fahim, the developer of Neutersol, in early field trials of the product. While The HSUS is excited about the future possibilities of chemical sterilization, the procedure is still in the beginning stages. Because of the drug's limited application to puppies and some lingering questions about its effects on behavior and health, it could be years before Neutersol becomes a fully viable alternative to surgical neutering of shelter animals.


text:
- Filed Under
In Iowa last week, Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney blamed the failure of Congress to pass a new farm bill on a lack of leadership from President Barack Obama.
How engaged the president has been on this legislation is a fair question, but the reason why it stalled has more to do with the fact that support in Congress for taxpayer subsidies to agriculture and food stamps has seriously eroded.
The farm bill sets policy and allocates money for a variety of farm support, food and nutrition programs that date back to the Great Depression or earlier. It comes up for renewal every five years, and the last one expired Sept. 30. The Senate passed a new farm bill in June with support of both parties, but the bill hit a brick wall in the House. As the clock ticked toward adjournment, House leaders kept the bill from being debated.
The failure to act on the farm bill shows how the historic agreement has eroded in Congress for farm support programs. The once solid farm lobby of corn, soybean and wheat farmers in the Midwest allied with growers of rice and cotton in the South has lost a lot of clout. The farm lobby depends on public support in the cities for food stamps to provide support for subsidies for agriculture.
But even that apparently doesn't work as well as it used to, because the cost of the food stamp program has grown dramatically in recent years. The fact is spending on food stamps should be subject to cuts, the same as any other federal program, but that debate should occur on its own merits. Likewise, the federal support for agriculture should be debated on its own merits. And there are legitimate questions about the wisdom of either the House or Senate versions of the farm bill.
Historically, the argument for subsidizing agriculture is that food is essential and farmers need to be protected from disasters and unpredictable gyrations of commodity markets. Although stable crop prices also hold down spikes in the price of beef, chicken and pork as well, it is hard to make the case for farm subsidies using the food argument at a time when a good share of the corn crop is devoted to producing ethanol.
Midwest farm groups were willing to give up the much-criticized direct payments, made to farmers whether they produced a crop or not, in exchange for more generous subsidies to federal crop insurance. The insurance protects against not just weather-related disasters such as this year's drought, but low prices, too. Besides being increasingly expensive, crop insurance encourages farmers to take unnecessary risks and put fragile farmland into production.
It's hard to see a fruitful discussion of these issues in a lame duck session of Congress. One option would be to extend the provisions of the old farm bill. Then the new Congress could have a larger discussion of U.S. food and nutrition policy. The first step would be to slice the bill in two to eliminate the distraction over food stamps from the farm bill debate.


text:
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text:
2 months ago I had a very bad fall from a horse ,it was not his fault .I broke my wrist (doc's put a metal plate in my wrist) broke 3 ribs on the same side, pulled muscles in my shoulder,and lot's of bruises.
I am so anxious 2 ride agian but on my horse.My wrist is still really sore but I will not let that stop me,in the morning I plan on trying 2 saddle Diamond (his saddle is heavy), if that goes well I will ride him.
Wish me luck
If you look at my picture w/Diamond my wrist is still in the brace.


text:
Wayne Dalton Garage Door Openers Troubleshooting
• 7 = Stanley garage door openers manufactured in 1998-present. • 9 = Wayne Dalton garage door openers manufactured in 1999-present. (Write opener ID here: __) … Access Doc
Wireless Keyless Entry
Your new Wireless Keyless Entry is comp atible with Wayne-Dalton gar age door openers , the Gar age Door garage door opener when used in conjuction with the Wayne-Dalton Garage Door Opener Conversion … Read Content
Drive Garage Door Openers Specification Sheet
Idrive ® Garage Door Openers . Specification Sheet for TorqueMaster code-grabbers from gaining access to your home through the garage door. ■ Every time you operate the door with the remote, the unit automatically chooses a new personal access code. While ■ all Wayne-Dalton … Retrieve Full Source
Notes Of Installation, Use, And Maintenance
Congratulations, you have just purchased one of the world's safest garage door openers! interference between the door and the lock arm, see Page 25 for lock arm troubleshooting. NOTE: Do not operate the door Place: Wayne-Dalton Europe François Médart – President Wayne-Dalton … Document Retrieval
Warranty Product Model Motor Electronics Mechanical Name
Product Name Model Motor Electronics Mechanical Classicdrive 3012 Life 5 Years Life Classicdrive 3016 Life 5 Years Life Classicdrive 3512 Life 5 Years Life … View Doc
For Wayne-Dalton Ceiling Mounted Openers – Service Manual …
Troubleshooting 6 Ordering 7 Table of Contents TM ® Prices are U.S. dollars and 326910 Service Parts Kit 119.00 Service Kit For Wayne Dalton Ceiling Mounted Openers This manual MUST be attached to the wall in close proximity to the garage door. © Copyright 2006 Wayne-Dalton … Read Document
Opener Controls
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Wireless Keychain Remote Control
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CLICKER MODEL K3 WIRELESS KEYPAD For Use With Garage Door …
The Clicker K3 can be programmed to operate one or two garage door openers, including If the system has been programmed correctly, the door should open. If it does not, see D. TROUBLESHOOTING. Wayne Dalton (9 agujas de cambio o nada; algunas de estas … Retrieve Content
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Tagged with: code grabbers • stanley garage door openers • wayne dalton garage door • wayne dalton garage door opener • wayne dalton garage door openers
Filed under: Garage Door Opener Reviews
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NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
The NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms features 7,863 terms related to cancer and medicine.
Browse the dictionary by selecting a letter of the alphabet or by entering a cancer-related word or phrase in the search box.
The search textbox has an autosuggest feature. When you enter three or more characters, a list of up to 10 suggestions will popup under the textbox. Use the arrow keys to move through the suggestions. To select a suggestion, hit the enter key. Using the escape key closes the listbox and puts you back at the textbox. The radio buttons allow you to toggle between having all search items start with or contain the text you entered in the search box.
- PET-CT scan
- listen (… skan)
- A procedure that combines the pictures from a positron emission tomography (PET) scan and a computed tomography (CT) scan. The PET and CT scans are done at the same time with the same machine. The combined scans give more detailed pictures of areas inside the body than either scan gives by itself. A PET-CT scan may be used to help diagnose disease, such as cancer, plan treatment, or find out how well treatment is working. Also called positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan.


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Friday, November 27, 2015
Alternate title: The Detective
Alec Guinness stars as Father Brown, full-time priest and part-time sleuth, in this comic mystery based on the character created by novelist G.K. Chesterton. When Father Brown is entrusted with transporting a valuable religious artifact from London to Rome, he's understandably upset when it's stolen from him. Brown has reason to believe that a notorious international thief lifted the cross he was carrying, and the good Father finds himself on a dual-purpose mission: to recover the stolen goods and to compel the thief to repent before God. The supporting cast includes Peter Finch, Joan Greenwood, and Cecil Parker as the Bishop. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi


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Ah.... Here we go again.
And if he does pull it off, the trolls will scream "LUCK". Jenson is very capable, still on of the best race drivers out there. Great tactician too.
If he can sort his qualifying he will be right there all year.
Don't forget, people had a lot to say when Vettel won his first...


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Cowboys injury report: Henry Melton expected to miss next few days; rookie RB placed on IR
OXNARD, Calif. — Defensive tackle Henry Melton, the Dallas Cowboys' top free-agent addition of the offseason, will be out the next few days after he strained his groin in practice Sunday.
He could miss up to a week as he recovers from the injury.
He's is not expected to practice Tuesday or Wednesday against the Oakland Raiders. Melton, who didn't play in the Cowboys' preseason opener Thursday night at San Diego, also isn't expected to play Saturday against Baltimore.
Also, rookie undrafted RB Ben Malena (Texas A&M/Cedar Hill) cleared waivers, and the Cowboys placed him on injured reserve. He won't count against their 90-man roster limit. Malena suffered a significant quad injury in the Cowboys' preseason opener Thursday night at San Diego and left the stadium on crutches.
Staff writer Brandon George contributed to this report


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Bet el Kerem Guesthouse
Bet el Kerem Guesthouse the first and only guesthouse in Aswan on the West bank.
Top location near the Nile river, the desert and the Nubian villages, beautiful view. Private chef services, healthy meals. Peaceful atmosphere, friendly and hospitable staff. Feels like staying with family; A home away from home
The guest house is split on 2 levels, with 9 air-conditioned rooms,
It's a very quiet place, in front of the Tombs of the Nobles, at the edge of the Nubian villages, Nile and desert view
On the ground floor there are 4 air-conditioned rooms with private bathroom, 2 are family rooms; one with a double bed and 2 single beds and one with 2 double beds.
On the first floor there are 5 air-conditioned rooms, 1 with bathroom en suite, 4 with sink and shared bathrooms, 2 toilets
There are also 2 toilets on the top floor
On the top floor there is a common roof terrace with restaurant. In front of the guest house there is a beautiful garden.
Verfügbarkeit & PreiseWähle bitte die Termine aus und klicke auf "Daten aktualisieren", um die Verfügbarkeit zu sehen
B & B Ausstattungen & Richtlinien
- Klimaanlage
- Flughafentransfers
- Fahrradverleih
- Fahrradkeller
- Brettspiele
- Frühstück inklusive
- Kinderbetten verfügbar:
- Kostenloser Internet-Zugang
- Kostenloses Parken
- Kostenloses WLAN
- Reinigung
- Internet-Zugang
- Waschmöglichkeiten
- Speisen verfügbar:
- Restaurant
- Handtücher im Preis inbegriffen
ReiserücktrittsversicherungDiese Unterkunft hat eine 1 Tage Stornierungsfrist. Ergeht innerhalb dieser Zeit keine Stornierung, wird eine Stornogebühr in Höhe der ersten Nacht des Aufenthalts in Rechnung gestellt.
AnfahrtKarte anzeigenKarte verbergen
The local ferry - within walking distance from the guesthouse - brings you in 10 minutes in Aswan centre.when arriving to Bet el Kerem, the ferry location on the west bank is next to the Alexander ferry, you will see the Aswan train station across the main road (Corniche). This is the local ferry, it takes about 5 minutes to cross (get off and walk up the dust trail and stay to your right and a few minutes will take you to Bet el Kerem. The ferry ride is only 1 Egyptian pound. Dont ask the guy collecting the money, he will tell you it is 5 or 10 pounds/person. just put your coins down and get into the boat that the locals are sitting in. It leaves every 15 to 20 mins. or until the boat is full.
In case you can't find it, you might phone our agent Tarik on his mobile phone (002) 012 3842218, or Abdel (002) 012 3911052.
We arrange transfers from Luxor, from Aswan airport and from the railway station as well.


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Join Now!Log in
Hey, I have a spare bedroom in a 2BR Williamsburg (Bedford stop on the L train) with a full size bed available in exchange for a pair of NYE tickets. Willing to throw in some cash (though not more than face value, obvs) as incentive. Open to discussion of multiple nights' stay.
Post: FS: 2 12/29 Sec 115 Pageside
~ Great communication, prompt payment. Solid. Would definitely work with again anytime and recommend highly. 12/13/13
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Missourians for Equality, a Kirksville-based group wants to add sexual orientation and gender identity to the state's nondiscrimination statutes. A representative requested permission from the secretary of state's office on Nov. 7 to circulate his group's petition in the hopes of getting a public vote in 2014. Read Jason Rosenbaum's report in the St. Louis Beacon.
The Dust Has Barely Settled But Already Initiative-Petition Drives Are In The Works
Posted in Campaign Coverage


text:
PU! Jamaica Bay Is Soon to Be Stink-Free
Howard Beach stinks. But soon it won't smell so bad, because New York's Department of Environmental protection has just finished building a new, odor-curbing station in Jamaica Bay's Shellbank Basin.
The area, known to reek of rotting fish during the summer, gets an olfactory reprieve because two new air compressors will pump oxygen into the bay, stopping the sour stench, the DEP announced today. Work on the $3.5 million setup started in September 2010.
Here's why Shellbank needs the station: during hot months, oxygen-deprived, stinky bottom layers of water -- which can't really support fish life -- tend float to the top. These two air compressors will blast air along the bottom of the basin, preventing the problem in the first place.
Shellbank Basin runs from 157th Avenue to the north, Cross Bay Boulevard to the west (near Creek Park), and 85th street to the east (near Frank Charles Park.) It's anywhere from 10 to 52-feet deep. The plant will start running this summer.
This isn't the DEP's first anti-odor effort in Jamaica Bay. In May, the City opened a treatment facility in Canarsie to keep untreated raw sewage and storm water runoff from flooding Paerdegat Basin and Jamaica Bay during heavy rains.
Follow Victoria Bekiempis @vicbekiempis.
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Welcome to the Van Sciver Realtors® Lagoon and Cove Front Property Section. Here, we list, and sell, Jersey Shore Lagoon and Cove Front Real Estate.
Enjoy private outdoor living on large deck with new 18.5x37 in-ground pool and hot tub. A MUST SEE.
Yachters delight- Cove & lagoonfront!!! This 6 bedroom,3.5 bath waterfront home is perfect for a large family and friends. With two hundred and twenty seven feet of dock area and deep open water,you will be able to dock your yacht and multiple other water toys. Enjoy the water views from almost every room. This home is just a short walk to the beautiful South Mantoloking beaches.
Magnificent barnegat lane home with tremendous privacy in good condition, very well maintained exterior And outdoor area. More than a third of an acre on the water. A deep water dock with bayviews. Priced to sell, Under assessment.


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General Info
Enjoy the profile and the Photos, Feel free to contact me with any requests.
Turn Ons
My Turn On's are being dominated, jocks, being a masicist, rough, beefy bubble butts, intelligence and since im bisexual I like guys and chicks. I Once got sucked off by four girls and six guys in one day...so it goes without saying I LOVE Blow Jobs.!! I also LOVE being watched and thats why im in porn ha. I love DP(Two guys and a girl), love threesomes, mmf and ffm. I love sleeping with older women, I love dominate women..I love ANYONE who is dominate. I love eating cunt and licking it for a long time.. I have been chilling with ALOT of older couples lately... Love getting drunk and chilling.
Turn Offs
Sissys and push overs. Dont like people with no profiles and losers. No time for haters. Turn offs Include, Stalkerish types, People who are not in shape, bipolar people lol and people who dont know how to have a good time.
Into mafia movies and thriller/crime drama. Scarface,Casino,Godfather,Heat,X-Files,Basic Instinct,Cocktail,To Die For and alot of others...
Swimming, travel, meeting new people, partying (no drugs), photography, animals, having a good time wherever I go.
Love Guns and Roses (November Rain and Patience) and also Madonna.
Bio's and news sites, celeb blog sites.
About myself
Marital Status
Tobacco Consumption
I'm a heavy social smoker
Alcohol Consumption
I'm a heavy social drinker
Physical Profile
Body Type
Sexual Interests
Sexual Orientation
Top Comments
All Comments
hey beautiful
Thank God he has been caught! God knows how many poor victims there are.
He has been caught 3 days ago by the Berlin Police.
I hope a sociopathic prison administrator assigns you to a cell with someone who likes to eat faces, so we won't have to look at your hideous eyebrows any more.
Fuck you, motherfucker. Hope you get the death penalty.
You guys, this Luka guy is running from the police. He murdered a guy on camera and had sex with his corpse. It's in the news. He's currently somewhere in Europe according to police and they are trying to find him.
geia soy koykle
You're even sexierrrr
bro well i understand that things happen for a reason but you should have realized that this person you are having a realtionship with is the new love of your father. While you may have been the victim of her at the begging you should have backed off before things continued on.
Thank you! You too! Very hot profile.
OMG... the video of the nun fucking is just wrong... I'm going straight to hell
heyy thanks for the request, wutsup?
you are so sweet and handsome, you just give me more appetite for destruction. I d like to please you by pain so much.
Your body is heavenly. Damn you are so hot. Thanks for the request. Hit me up anytime. firstname.lastname@example.com
Tahks for the add you have so great pics!
Ur beautiful and u have the hottest ass!!! U thanked me for the add. I would like to add u to my bed!!!
shot allot for the add hotstsuff
hope all is well in your world
you be good now ok
shot allot for the add hotstsuff
hope all is well in your world
you be good now ok
Hey cutie, thanks for the add!
yea your welcome yo... how have ya been
hehe...u blow smole in MY face, i might just have to spank ya...boy!!..
hehe..i'm sometimes in toronto area quite often...usually iln mississauga area at a truck stop... dixie and 401 area.. maybe u should drop me an email and lemme know if ya wanna drop up and see the bunk of my semi truck.. look fwd to hearing from ya, boy!!
thanks buddy! your ass is hot too! :]
Thanks for the add!! Hot pics! Very nice!
sexy and delicious
Hey Luka! Thanks for the add! You are hot and very handsome. I woul dlove to get to know you more. Are you single?
Hello Photoshop [nice profile photo]
hey hot guy, thanks for the request! great pics!
Thx for the friend request..
Hey! Thanks for the add, Extremely Awesome hot sexy pics
thanks for the add. Your pictures are hottt. Hit me up sometime if you want to chat
3 years ago
7 years ago
7 years ago


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December 1, 2015
An eastern Kentucky community is mourning and police are asking questions after a teen was shot to death.
Police say 16-year-old Ray Rice died after the shooting in his home near Belfry in Pike County, early Sunday morning.
Investigators say it appears Rice and three other teens were getting ready for a hunting trip when Rice was shot. Investigators are still trying to figure out what caused the shooting and how it happened.
Meanwhile, students and teachers at Belfry High School are mourning the loss.
Students created a memorial at school. Teachers and counselors are helping students cope with the loss.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Surname List
Name Index
Email Us
Tenth Generation
1141. Henry Lewis ADAMS was born on 22 April 1848 in Illinois. He died on 12 November 1926 at the age of 78 in Black Hawk County, Iowa.
Henry Lewis ADAMS and Margaret Louise Jane WILLEY were married on 9 March 1873. Margaret Louise Jane WILLEY was born on 3 October 1853 in Black Hawk County, Iowa. She died on 18 June 1905 at the age of 51 in Fairbank, Buchanan County, Iowa.
Henry Lewis ADAMS and Margaret Louise Jane WILLEY had the following children:
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I just changed my template. Please take a look and tell me what you think.
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Posted - 12/10/2005 : 01:28:02 AM
I think it's a sweet color combination, and that it is very clean and fresh looking the way you have the middle lighter. It's easy to read all your links that way on the half with the slightly darker color. The pattern on the right is a little like the brick church. :) I love that blue tiger eye scarf you are making.
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Posted - 12/10/2005 : 12:24:17 PM
Oh, thank you Lella. Your blog is nice too - I love the socks you are knitting. Great color!!! I would wear those in a heartbeat. I also like the landscape/sunset picture. Is that where you live? It is beautiful.
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