text:
The official website of Osaka Prefecture University
May 2011 Features "New & Unique"
In the midst of a worldwide boom in medical tourism, Japan expects to lure tourists from overseas countries to its medical facilities for years to come.
In 2010, the School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, in collaboration with a major English communication school started a new program called "The Strengthening of English Communication Ability Program." It is for senior students who aim to become medical specialists, such as physical therapists.
In the class, students and a native English teacher sent from the English school play the roles of patients and caregivers in turn, and learn useful words and phrases to deal with a variety of situations in English - such as assisting patients when they take meals, making them feel relaxed when they need emotional support, and livening up a birthday party at hospital.
"This meal is too terrible to eat!" "I am not turning off the TV to sleep!" the patient (a native teacher) cries out. This was part of the lesson on learning how to cope with complaints and requests from a demanding patient in English.
"The lesson is very practical and helpful. I also learned focusing too much on speaking English without smiling will make patients uneasy. We will be able to make the best use of this experience," says a senior student.
Medical specialists who can give explanations on diagnosis and treatments to overseas patients without medical interpreters are high in demand.
Masahide Imaki, Dean of the School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation says, "Contrary to the fact that the needs and demand are increasing, Japan is way behind on globalization in the medical field. We can now offer students what it takes to be a medical specialist who can give quality care to any patient in the world."


text:
Searched for: "building an always on single instance database"
Content Types
About 4 results for "building an always on single instance database"
Beat the technical interview!
Here's an article that makes the process of securing a software development job (which for us usually lands on the .NET/C# side of things) more fun by treating it like the "cheat c...
10+ things you should do before building a custom Access database
Whether you take on freelance work or you support your organization's IT needs by developing custom database solutions, you must build an efficient, easy-to-use database if you pla...
Identity Object: Facilitating Identity Access
Identity Access and Identity Security depend on the proper implementation of an Identity Management solution. Identifying and providing data mappings provide the foundation of what...
Preparing to deploy applications using group policies
You spend a lot of time installing and managing applications on your network. Do you wish there was an easier way? Jim Boyce shows you how to get ready to deploy applications from ...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Find a Retailer
If you're looking to spice up the performance check out the new G-26.
The G-62 is ideal for giant warbirds and sport big birds.
Easy starts. Incredible fuel efficiency. Legendary reliability of Zenoah™ engines. You'll get it all, plus power to spare, with ZP electronic ignition engines that share many of the core components used in world-famous Zenoah magneto engines.
Copyright © 2005-2015 Horizon Hobby, LLC


text:
(hidden for your protection)
comments sponsored by
Job Searches, Law School Deans, Law Schools
Have you ever noticed how law school deans are all kind of all the same guy? They're mostly white, mostly male, mostly smart, mostly charismatic, and mostly good at getting you to part with your money.
Law school deans are usually successful academics and respected faculty members. And when they're not, we make fun of them. The virtue of having a dean who looks and thinks like everybody else is that you don't risk getting a weirdo who will screw up your capital campaigns. There's a reason why guys are generally happy when they show up to a party and they're dressed like pretty much everybody else; it means that nobody screwed up.
Of course, the downside of picking 200 people with similar backgrounds is that it's hard to get radical change in the way law schools are run. Instead of every law school being a "laboratory" of ideas, you get every law school just trying to follow the leader — and that leader is, of course, the hated U.S. News law school rankings.
A tipster who went to a school that is looking for a new dean asked Above the Law to suggest some "outside the box" candidates. We know that the school won't seriously consider any of our suggestions, but it's still a fun thought experiment. Who should be dean of your law school? We've got some thoughts…
Earlier this year, we reported that Richard Revesz is stepping down as dean of NYU Law School at the end of the academic year (just when I finally memorized how to spell his name). NYU Law recently sent around a letter to their alumni, updating the community on the new dean search. It's pretty boring (we've pasted it on the next page). You know the deal: search committee, faculty and trustee input, but we also want to hear from you, dear alums.
I don't know whom NYU is going to hire, but it's going to be somebody predictable. Somebody whose turn it is. Somebody who's going to raise money and not rock the boat and all that. (That's what we saw recently with the University of Michigan law school dean search.)
But if we go to fantasy land, what kind of interesting choices could NYU make? What kinds of voices or perspectives would really lead the law school in a new direction? If wishes were horses, what would your horse look like?
I've got three thoughts. I'm thinking of categories of people, but I'll use a specific example for each.
Owner of the Dallas Mavericks. Judge on the Shark Tank. One-day manager of a Dairy Queen. Yeah, I'm talking about that Mark Cuban.
The problem isn't that "law school is too much like a business." The problem is that law school is a poorly run business. And that is not a problem that is fixed by hiring some lawyer with "actual practical experience" because most lawyers are terrible businessmen in their own right.
Cuban, a billionaire, knows how to run a business, and more importantly, he knows how to invest in things that will make the business grow. If you look at the Mavericks, everybody notes how he made Dallas a "destination" spot for NBA free agents (such that other owners had to start copying the player amenities Cuban offered). Can you imagine that for law school? Instead of trying to convince students to come to school with dubious employment numbers and pie-in-the-sky predictions about the legal market, Cuban would entice students the old-fashioned way: cushy dorms, beautiful libraries, all the amenities a student could want.
And about those employment statistics, I don't think Cuban would lie about them because, in most fields, it's simply bad business to lie about what your product can do. Instead, Cuban would focus on his other great skill and great passion: teaching people how to be entrepreneurs. And that too is exactly what law students need. They need to take a more entrepreneurial approach to their careers, because the safe and easy path to Biglaw and $160K has been clogged up.
The Mark Cuban School of Law would still be expensive, but it would be putting the money into students, and focused on the skills young businesspeople need to have in addition to their J.D. degrees.
I'm really not a big fan of Malcolm Gladwell. He's more pseudo than intellectual. A guy like Richard Dawkins eats Gladwell's intellectual lunch, and people like Bill Bryson are much more fun to read.
But Gladwell's skill is that he's able to take research done by others, process the information, and then re-explain it in ways dumb people can understand. What gets lost in translation is important, but the crowd-pleasing bits remain.
That's a very useful skill for a law school dean. Gladwell is the type of guy who could sit in a room full of Biglaw partners telling him what they "want" out of a new graduate, and actually make sense of it all. The partners will mention characteristics that often contradict each other, e.g., "I want a self-starter who is great at doing what he's told." He'll listen to judges, listen to clients, synthesize all of that knowledge, and come up with a platitude that neatly sums it all up.
This platitude will make the basis for a pedagogy that will sound impressive to students, parents, and employers. And his students will get jobs as the legal market reaches the tipping point.
I'm being a bit cynical, but an important part of a marketable education program is explaining to employers what skills you have and why they should pay you for them. Law schools right now are GOD AWFUL at explaining to employers what, if anything, their students know or can do. "They can pass the bar!" Great, how does that make me money? "They're skilled oralists and have contributed to law reviews!" I should pay them for fact checking? "They can be trained by any firm!" I thought YOU guys were doing the training?
Law school deans need to be able to convince employers that they've done something intellectually and economically worthwhile. And Malcolm Gladwell is a great explainer.
Near impossible task? Toiling in obscurity? More concerned about results than pedigree? Sounds like a job for Patty Murray.
If you don't know her, Patty Murray is the senior U.S. Senator from Washington State who had the unenviable task of running the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee for the 2012 election cycle. Taking over right after the Tea Party wave of 2010, and with many Democrats in vulnerable positions, it looked like a sure thing that Republicans would take back the upper chamber in 2012.
Of course, that didn't happen. Part of that is because of GOP weakness at the top of the ticket, part of that is because of the crazy people Republicans nominated to run for Senate, and a big part of that is Patty Murray.
Murray was a preschool teacher with a degree in Physical Education from Washington State University before her political career took off. Yeah, her degree is in Phys freaking Ed.
In a law school world that bends backwards over itself trying to fight for the most "prestigious" ranking, it would be great to have one law school dean who just doesn't care. And I don't mean "not care" in a Cooley way that tries to blur the difference between "prestige" and "quality" by arguing that objective measures of either are pointless. What I'm talking about is somebody who wants to make the best-quality law school around, but who doesn't give a damn what U.S. News thinks of it.
I'm looking for somebody who will do the right thing because it's the right thing to do, even if it is unpopular (Murray opposed the war in Iraq back in 2002, back before it was "cool" to be against the war). I'm looking for somebody who has really struggled in life (Murray's family was on welfare when she was a kid). I'm looking for somebody who is where she is based on her skill and talent, not because some big-time institution or network gave her the imprimatur of competence.
When you find some person like that, imagine giving her the keys to an institution like NYU Law. Imagine when someone who has had to work for everything she has is suddenly given something with a built-in infrastructure, funding, and credibility. Watch out; that's when great things happen.
If someone can work their way up from gym teacher to U.S. Senator, they can certainly take a law school from a "three year boondoggle" to "something worth investing in."
Of course, the problem with my three candidates is that none of them would take the job if offered (see also Hillary Clinton, who passed on running for mayor of New York). Law school dean is a big step down, for all of them. But man, it would be nice if a law school hired one of these types of people who were still on the way up. We might not know their names already, but their personal stories could be really interesting.
Instead, NYU will probably hire a law dean who graduated from a prestigious law school, clerked for a prestigious judge, and has made a name for himself or herself in legal academia.
And nothing will change.
(The memo to NYU Law alumni about the dean search appears on the next page if you care to read it.)
comments sponsored by


text:
Please note that entering a specific street address is optional.
Check all that apply then click Locate Places.
Drag to re-order, then click Reorder Itinerary
© 2015 GoPetFriendly.com, LLC All rights reserved. GoPetFriendly.com and all associated logos are trademarks of GoPetFriendly.com, LLC.
All text and drawings are © 2009-2015 GoPetFriendly.com. All rights reserved. | RSS Posts Feed


text:
Today Im experiencing slow speeds ONLY on this site!
Every other site is super fast.
Why? I mean sometimes it dont even load...
Basically there is nothing wrong with your computer...it's just the site that is slow.
Dang its so bad that I had to re-open Firework 3 times because it wont load


text:
Sanaya-Barun in Star Parivaar Awards 2012
Sanaya-Barun in Star Parivaar Awards 2012
Courtesy: Star Parivaar Awards 2012
Please Note: Images may have been watermarked to prevent other sites from hotlinking or scraping.
Join India Forums for free to comment on this story. Have an account already?
Use Quick Login to comment.
View: 165593 Comments: 375
Celebrity : Sanaya Irani , Barun Sobti
TV Show : STAR Parivaar Awards 2012 [ STAR Parivaar Awards 2012 Forum ]
Forum Code
HTML Embed Code
Barun Sobti my baby love u and good morning sweetheart
missin u badly yaar
Sanaya Irani, keep rocking in Chhanchhan
Hmmm Barun Sobti ...
p.s.pls comment more for Barun Sobti. We cant let foul plays of 'BUZZ' win.
Make sure you COMMENT TWICE and VIEW HIS PIC GALLERY AS MUCH AS YOU CAN. While commenting do not forget to mention his name i.e "Barun Sobti" in your comment. Everyone please include this line at the end of your comments so that everyone can see this.
My dear Sobti-ans, please assume the maximum number of buzz points for other actors and please try to make up for it with comments and views:-))) we CAN and have done it in the past, so lets do it again...:-)))
P.S. I'm shocked!!!! Why such few comments:-((((( Please comment twice and like all comments, dear Sobti-ans:)
sobtians pls comment yaar.
Barun Sobti just cant get enough of u man
All the Best Barun Sobti!!
Miss you terribly
Barun Sobti the cutest ever and have a great day dear.l muaaahhh love u lots
Barun Sobti my cutiepie u r so cute and dashing even in red hayeee
Barun Sobti just cant get enough of u man
Sanaya Irani N Barun Sobti...u r d best on-screen jodi!!!!!!!
Love U!!!!!!!!!


text:
Christendom College Players to Perform Nicholas NicklebyApril 10, 2012
Christendom English Professor Dr. Patrick Keats will direct the play, which will be his thirty-second show at Christendom. Keats is ably assisted by a production team that includes alumna Mary Harrington, Christendom seniors Brianna Miller and Erin Clark, junior Kelly Lawyer, and sophomore Sean LaRochelle.
"NickNick, as it is sometimes called, has a rich theatrical and cinematic tradition," Keats says. "Two fine film versions have been made based on the story, each showcasing a cast of great British and American actors. Even more significant, though, was the gargantuan, eight-hour production of the play performed in the 1980's by the Royal Shakespeare Company. Christendom's somewhat more modest two and a half hour production nevertheless captures the essence of the story, along with its major plots and characters."
The play includes Dickens' trademark hilarious comic scenes; lurid melodrama when Nicholas has to defend the persecuted schoolchildren against their sadistic tormentors; two highly romantic subplots, as both Nicholas and his sister, Kate, find their true loves in London; and a rousing conclusion as Nicholas, with the help of two kind-hearted brothers, attempts to save the life of a poor crippled boy named Smike.
Freshman talent is being showcased in the lead roles with Peter Foeckler as Nicholas, Alex Clark as Uncle Ralph, Stephen Hyland as Smike, and Melody Wood as Kate. Other actors in the large cast include junior Matthew Camp, sophomore Andrew Clark, freshman Katie Brizek, sophomore Matthew Harris, senior Kathleen Deighan, and junior Sarah Halbur.
Showtimes will be Friday, April 20, at 8 p.m., Saturday, April 21, at 8 p.m., and Sunday, April 22, at 3 p.m. and 8 p.m. Ticket prices are $8 for adults, $5 for students, and $3 for children 12 and under.
For more information, or to reserve tickets at the door, call Christendom College at 540.636.2900 ext. 1390 or 1327. The Middle School auditorium is located at 240 Luray Avenue, Front Royal, VA 22630.
|Share this story:


text:
Connect with Facebook
I would like to join your mailing list.
Sign in with Facebook
Forgot your password?
Julian Wellisz was born in 1988 in Los Angeles and received a BFA in printmaking form Wesleyan University. Wellisz's .TUMBLR project captures static moments from the ever-streaming blogosphere. In diffusing image streams, this work alludes to the loss of power... READ MORE
Tappan Exclusive Limited Edition
18"x24", Edition of 20
$200 Unframed, $330 Framed
The black and white vector frames are made from solid wood with a contemporary, angular profile measuring 0.87" wide x 0.87" deep. A gesso coating gives the moulding rich color and a smooth finish. Premium shatterproof acrylic protects the art print, while an acid free dust cover on the back provides a custom finish. Includes wall hanging hardware.


text:
The Gadzuric Foundation's mission is to eliminate negative barriers affecting youth and their families, replacing these obstacles by fostering self-esteem with positive experiences that build autonomy, enhancing the community.
Prom is an important time for any high school student, it can also be an expensive occasion. To alleviate some of the cost, The Gadzuric Foundation has created the Cinderella Project MKE, which will collect and distribute donated prom dresses to young women throughout the Milwaukee area. Girls participating in the program will gain confidence through workshops with leaders in our community.


text:
gwendolyn huskens collection of medical inspired shoes
image © rené van der hulst
gwendolyn huskens is a designer studying at the design academy in eindhoven, in the department of man
and identity. at the recent graduation show, she presented a set of six shoes called 'medic esthetic'.
aiming to reveal the taboos associated with physical deformities, her collection of cream and skin-toned footwear
for women is made from medical materials and supplies such as plaster bandages, steel and band-aids.
the result is a line of functional and oddly stylish shoes.
plaster bandage boot
image © marzelluz
compression shoe
image © marzelluz
see more on marzellluz's flickr photostream
via ektopia, today and tomorrow
I am clothing designer and have the same approach incorporating medical tools/material in fabrics.These are the best shoes i ever saw.I am absolutely amazed !


text:
This is the Tangram bookshelf from Daniele Lago (that's not a misspelling of the first name). [via]
The pieces of the shelf can be arranged in any way you want to form shapes and figures to your particular tastes. It's versatile and easy to configure the 7 pieces. Now you don't have to go out and buy a completely new shelf every time you get sick of your current one. Wonderful!


text:
CHICAGO -- Andrew Brunette signed a one-year contract with the Chicago Blackhawks last summer for one main reason.
The 38-year old forward wanted to be part of a legitimate Stanley Cup contender and saw the young core group of stars in Chicago as his best opportunity. As it turned out, it was a frustrating season for Brunette and the Blackhawks, who were bounced from the Stanley Cup Playoffs in six games by the Phoenix Coyotes in the Western Conference Quarterfinals.
Brunette, who hurt his right foot blocking a shot late in the season and played through the pain in the postseason, doesn't foresee the Blackhawks bringing him back, and the 16-year NHL veteran is contemplating retirement.
"I think they're going to go in a different direction, so I'm not going to be holding my breath thinking that they're going to call or hanging around by the phone," Brunette told reporters during Chicago's locker clean-out/player meetings day at United Center. "I haven't really thought about [the future]. It takes a few days to decompress and think about, kind of what happened and kind of re-assess when the mind clears and you're able to come up for air a little bit. We'll see as we go along."
Asked later about whether he was considering retirement, Brunette admitted it could be a possibility.
"It was a tough year and you don't want to leave this way, but there's times when the game tells you to leave and you don't have a decision," Brunette, who finished with 12 goals and 15 assists in 78 games, said. "We'll see. I'm not sure. I'm going to let it decompress, come up for air and make some kind of decision."
Brunette has 268 goals and 465 assists in 1,110 games with six different teams.


text:
Bloom Reports
and Trail Maps
For more information, printable trail maps, detailed calendar of events, and bloom reports, we recommend a visit to the website of the
Tyler Convention & Visitors Bureau
phone 800.235.5712
Canton Texas First Monday Trade Days ...
April 2 - 5, 2015
during the Tyler Azalea Trails
You Might Enjoy
A highlight of each spring season in East Texas is the 10-mile long Tyler Azalea Trail guiding visitors through neighborhoods of quaint brick streets, historic homes, and residential gardens filled with blooming azaleas, dogwoods and tulips.
The first Azaleas were planted in Tyler in 1929 by Maurice Shamburger, in the Lindsey Lane area. Other neighbors soon followed, and the area became well known for its springtime beauty.
Over the years the word spread across East Texas and beyond about Tyler azaleas. In 1960, the first marked tour routes were established to help guide tourists.
Today, over 100,000 people from all over the USA visit Tyler each spring to attend the Azalea Trail. Two marked routes exist today: the Lindsey Trail and the Dobbs Trail (see area map below).
The 57th annual Azalea & Spring Flower Trail will be held from March 25 to April 10, 2016. This is a week later than in previous years.
The official ribbon cutting, and opening ceremony, is typically held at the home of Guy and Joan Pyron, 212 W. Dobbs Street. The ceremony is free and open to the public.
The trails also display a high concentration of white and pink Dogwoods, Redbud trees, Japanese Maples, and spring bulbs such as tulips and daffodils.
Azalea National Historic District
Established 2003
Featured along the trails is the Azalea National Historic District, established in 2003, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It comprises about 950 homes built in the first half of the 20th century, with a large concentration of structures from the 1930s when the oil boom had a huge economic impact on Tyler.
While driving the trail is stunning, many visitors enjoy walking the area, especially the three adjacent homes between Lindsey and Dobbs: the Davis gardens at 902 S. College,
the Pyron gardens at 212 W. Dobbs, and McGuire gardens at
922 S. College. These homes are part of Tyler's Heritage Neighborhood No. 1, marked by a plaque on S. College.
The two trails officially begin at the Tyler Convention & Visitors Bureau, at 315 N. Broadway, and travel south. A good starting point is the corner of Houston Street and South Broadway Avenue.
Markers designate the routes that meander through the area streets for motorists. Actually, you can begin anywhere along the routes and not be disappointed.
Parking is generously provided by the First Presbyterian Church, near the corner of Dobbs and South Broadway.
For a map of the trails, visit the website of the Tyler Convention & Visitors Bureau or their offices.
The Trail is nationally recognized, and has been the subject of articles in publications such as Southern Living and Texas Highways.
The official greeters of the Azalea Trail are known as the Azalea Belles, young women from the Tyler area who dress in antebellum gowns. The belles are chosen each year from area high schools or home school families.
Freshman and sophomore girls residing in Smith County are eligible to apply.
It's an honor to be chosen as one of the Azalea Belles, a tradition that dates back many years.
The young women have an opportunity to promote Tyler, greet tourists and pose for photographs in front of scenic azalea bushes in the historic brick street district.
Many other events are planned in association with the tours such as:
The beautiful backyard gardens of Guy and Joan Pyron, 212 W. Dobbs
Scenes at the Opening Ceremony - March 21, 2014 (TylerTexasOnline Staff Photos)
That Other Tyler Flower: The Rose
Tyler is also the Rose Capital of America, the location of the Tyler Rose Garden, the nation's largest municipal rose garden, and the site of the Annual Texas Rose Festival held each October.
At TylerTexasOnline, we love gardening, and landscaping, and East Texas is a great place for that pastime, especially during spring!
Among our favorite azaleas to grow, whether they are pink, salmon, red or white, have been Pride of Mobile, Formosa, George Tabor, Mrs. G.G. Gerbing, Christmas Cheer, Coral Bells and many others both in Tyler and in Louisiana.
For more flower photographs, be sure to view the Helen Lee Daffodil Garden photo gallery showcasing millions of beautiful daffodils blooming near Gladewater.
We also have a gallery of East Texas Flowers, and another gallery of East Texas Birds for backyard nature lovers to explore.
Are you a hummingbird lover like us? Check out the photos and hummingbird videos in our Hummingbird Central website. And be sure to visit our new butterfly website at www.ButterfliesAtHome.com
In addition to the Azalea Trail photo gallery shown below, we've also included various azalea varieties that we have grown over the years. All photographs were taken by the author.
Photos from Recent Tyler Texas Azalea Trails (TylerTexasOnline Staff Photos)
"You are Welcome to Walk Through our Back Yard" ... sign on the Tyler Texas Azalea & Spring Flower Trails
Along Dobbs Street during the Tyler Texas Azalea & Spring Flower Trails
Quaint cottage along the Tyler Texas Azalea & Spring Flower Trails
Tulips in full bloom in Tyler Texas along the Azalea & Spring Flower Trails
Lady Bankshire Roses blooming on the Tyler TX Azalea Trail
Yellow Azaleas, Tyler Texas
Purple Creeping Phlox seen on the Tyler Azalea Trail
Pink azaleas in full bloom in Tyler Texas
Dogwoods in Spring in Tyler Texas
The Children's Park, Tyler, Texas, on the Azalea Trail
The Woman's Building, 911 South Broadway Avenue, Tyler, on the Azalea Trail
between Dobbs Street and Lindsey Lane
3-story, Federal style structure built in 1932. On the National Register of Historic Places
The Fitzgerald Home, 815 South Broadway Avenue, Tyler, Texas, on the Azalea Trail
Built in 1898, now restored ... includes the offices of Historic Tyler, Inc.
On the National Register of Historic Places.
Find the best deal, compare prices, make reservations
and read what other travelers have to say about hotels in Tyler


text:
Vietnam forum
Redsun, Bich Di Yen or Yellow House?
Joined Travelfish
8th May, 2007
Posts: 2
Hi. I'm choosing between the three hostels for my two-night stay in HCMC in July. I will be sharing the room with two friends. Has anyone of you stayed in any of these hostels? Pls post your review. Thanks in advance!
#1 Posted: 8/5/2007 - 15:24
[Profile private] [Messaging not enabled.]
Joined Travelfish
14th May, 2007
Posts: 2
My daughter was in HCM last July with World Expedition Challenge and stayed at Yellow House. She said the location was great, the hotel was clean and rooms were available for up to 4 people. She was very impressed with the helpful staff who could arrange cars, buses etc. Breakfast was fine. The group stayed for a week. It's also very good value. Cheers. Have fun!
#2 Posted: 15/5/2007 - 07:32
[Profile private] [Messaging not enabled.]
Have questions? Jump to our menu of forum quicklinks
Add your reply
You need to be logged in to add a reply.
Not a member? you can join here.


text:
The Calpeper Minutemen® is a private branch of "Calpeper™ Panoptic Martial Arts & Survival Training".
There is one day left to sign up for your FREE (no cash, no cards, no commitment) 90-day trial membership with Calpeper™ Panoptic Martial Arts & Survival Training... "Providing Americans with the tools they need to survive anything, anywhere, anytime."
Fitness Training (from an NASM Certified Instructor), Archery Training (from an experienced bow hunter and survival bowyer), Firearms Training (from an NRA Certified Instructor), First Aid Instruction, Basic Hand-to-Hand & Hand-Weapons Training, Disaster Preparedness, Bushcraft Skills Training (coming soon) and more.
And it's FREE for 90 days!
If you like the program after 90 days, we can talk tuition fees.
But, for now, just go to www.Calpeper.com and sign up... before you forget.
Join with a friend and/or family member and train together... today (18yrs & older).
For your pleasure, here's a 45sec video to wet your appetite:
Calpeper™ Panoptic Martial Arts & Survival Training...
"Providing Americans with the tools they need to survive anything, anywhere, anytime."
"The Calpeper Minutemen®" is a Social, Unisex, Combat-Ready "Prepper Team" with a focus on the Second Amendment of the U.S. Bill of Rights. We are a politically Independent and religiously Agnostic group of freedom loving American Patriots dedicated to the principles of Individual Liberty and Personal Accountability, as originally established by our nation's Founding Fathers. The group is open to every American Citizen and U.S. Veteran interested in the same, regardless of sex, race, religious creed or socio-economic station. We are not a group of Paranoid Conspiracists, Social Anarchists, Paramilitary or Subversive Organization.
"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." (2nd Amendment to the U.S. Bill of Rights)
"The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in government." ~Thomas Jefferson
In deference to the authority & wisdom of the above quotes, and in preparation for a potential SHTF scenario:
Weekend activities include...
Weapons Training, Martial Arts & H2H Combat, Survival Training, Tactical Training, Field Maneuvers, Fitness Training, Prepper Readiness, Relevant Computer Gaming, Airsoft / Paintball, Archery, Camaraderie & Morale Building (i.e. BBQs).
QUESTION: You're well prepared for disaster; you have your canned & vacuum sealed food, your herb garden, your solar panel, and iodized water. But, what do you do when the other 3,000,000 San Diegans who are "not" prepared come banging on your door?!?
ANSWER: Join The Calpeper Minutemen®... Today!
⇒ "Patriotic Songs & Videos - for Everyone" ⇐
* Militia = As originally intended by our nation's Founding Fathers and as per "10 usc § 311(b)(2) - The Militia".
New members must be approved by the Organizer
Content of this Meetup Group is only visible to members
Meetup members, Log in
By clicking "Sign up" or "Sign up using Facebook", you confirm that you accept our Terms of Service & Privacy Policy


text:
Lent starts today and although our denomination does not typically celebrate Lent, I like the tradition of giving something up as a way to focus on my faith. In years past, I gave up caffeine and added strength training. I know Lent is about giving things up, but I liked the idea of giving up something I didn't need and adding something I did need.
That year I did well. I got rid of caffeine and to this day hardly drink caffeinated drinks and I'm fairly consistent with strength training although I could always do better.
This year I've been thinking about why giving things up can be healthy for you physically and mentally. I did a few searches and found that people tend to give up things for Lent that fall into a couple of different categories. Here's an article that has pulled together the most common things people give up for Lent from Twitter.
1) Habits They Want to Break
Some people give up a habit they want to break such as smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, watching certain television shows, or eating too much of a certain food. Other people give up gossiping, swearing, negativity, or nail biting.
2) Things They Enjoy
People observing Lent often give up things they enjoy as a way to prepare for Easter. They might give up chocolate, Facebook or Pinterest, a hobby they enjoy, or favorite television program. I read a post that described how someone gave up sleeping on their bed for 40 days. I don't think I could do that one.
Like in years past, I've thought a lot about giving things up for Lent and wondered if there is a long-term value to it. I was talking to my daughter this morning, who is stranded along with the rest of us because of ice and snow. You know you live in the South where your town has two or three snow plows. We just have to wait for the snow to melt because they never plow our road or the connecting road. Here's a picture of the swing I got for Mother's Day a few years ago. I can't wait for summer.
Anyway, she shared that she gave up Pinterest and reading fashion blogs during Lent a few years ago and she found it valuable. She said that even now, two years later, she has not gone back to spending as much time as she used to reading those blogs or pinning things.
That has been my experience as well and not just for Lent. Losing weight involves giving things up. We might not like to think of weight loss in a "negative" way, but it's true. We do have to give things up in order to change our life. I gave up huge portions, plus-sized clothing, unhealthy restaurant meals, low self-esteem, and feeling out of control with my weight. Those were all positive things to give up.
I've thought about what I want to work on for the next 40 days and here are my two. I wanted one that was relationship oriented and one that was health oriented.
First, I am going to be more intentional with my time. I can spend a lot of time surfing the Internet, chatting on the phone, or just getting nothing done. I'm going to work on scheduling blocks of time for specific tasks and using my newly created free time to spend more quality time with the people I love.
Second, I am going to not eat any chips, pretzels, or processed crackers for the next 40 days. Granted I don't eat any of those foods very often, but every time I do have them, I know they aren't doing anything for me nutritionally.
Giving things up for a reason can be a very positive experience and one that you can take forward past the Lenten season.
How do you feel about giving things up for a period of time? Do you find it helpful or frustrating? Diane


text:
Aimed at researchers from all backgrounds and career stages with an interest in learning how to use modelling tools to predict the safety of nanomaterials, the training school will provide participants with training on the use of models in three core areas:
The school will consist of lectures from experts in these fields - namely Prof. Lang Tran & Dr. Laura MacCalman, Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), and Prof. Xue Wang, University of Leeds - accompanied by interactive sessions in which participants will be provided with a demonstration of some of the modelling tools and given the opportunity to work on 'hands-on' case examples.
A provisional agenda for the school, as well as information on the venue and special-rate accommodation, is available in the training school brochure [pdf]. Registration remains open, with a deadline of the 8th March 2013. Interested parties are invited to complete the online application form. If you have any questions regarding the training school, please contact Sheona read, IOM.
Do you have a review, update or anything you would like to add to this news story?
Cancel reply to comment
AZoNano.com provides this information service in accordance
with these terms and conditions.


text:
December 1, 2015
Stay Connected Anywhere
Topeka Police are investigating a shooting that left one person injured Tuesday evening. Police report they were called to 3100 SE Freemont at about 7:56 PM today in reference to the shooting
TPD says a Topeka man in his mid 20's had a single gunshot wound in his left thigh. He was transported by AMR to a local hospital with non-life threatening injuries.
Police ask that anyone with information call detectives at 368-9400 or Crime Stoppers at 234-0007.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Kingpen Slim drops a video for the Styles P assisted track "Dead" off his Triple Beam Dreams mixtape. Directed by 1st Impressions.
Kingpen Slim – Dead (Feat. Styles P) (Official Video)
Follow Rap Dose
Get your daily fix of urban entertainment. Begin seeing the latest news, music, videos, mixtapes, pictures, and more on your public timeline. We'll make sure you stay up on what's fresh, and provide you with A1 content that will leave your friends asking where you found it. Rap Dose is updated constantly with new content, and this is the best way to find out when your favorite artist(s) have something happening, or something new worth checking out. Follow us and GET YOUR FIX!


text:
November 28, 2015
Henry County is already seeing some changes come to its sheriff's office since new Sheriff Will Maddox took over a little more than a week ago.
Henry County Sheriff Will Maddox may be new to his position, but he hasn't wasted any time in moving things around. He took over the department January 15th, and since then has filled chief deputy position that's been vacant for two years.
Hired an investigator and part-time investigator, and is now looking to reinstate the K-9 unit.
Sheriff Maddox says his number one objective is to start cracking down on the amount of drug use and drug trafficking in the county.
"I know we probably can't stop them, but we can sure knock a dent in them and make them start looking over their shoulder," says Maddox.
Sheriff Maddox says you can expect to see more of these cars on the streets enforcing all laws. That includes traffic violations.
"I've turned them loose. I told them I wanted all the law in Alabama enforced. That's one thing that made them happy. They are enforcing speed, stopping at stop signs, all traffic laws," says Maddox.
Maddox has been in law enforcement in Henry County for 26 years. Prior to filling the sheriff position, he was worked as the conservation officer for the county.
Tim Stafford was promoted from patrol officer to chief deputy. Patrol Officer Steve Culbreth was moved to investigator. Retired Marine Police Lt. Roger Marsh was hired as part-time investigator.
The department is now looking to make Troy Silver the new canine officer. That move should come around mid-February.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Campbellsport Senior 132-pounder Ryan Costello was recently ranked No. 1 in the state by The Crossface Magazine.
- Filed Under
There's a good reason for Ryan Costello's pink wrestling shoes. Same for the tattoo of a cross between his shoulder blades.
It's to honor the memory of three teenage girls - Katie Berg, Sabrinia Stahl and Caitlin Scannell - who lost their lives in a tragic car accident last February that turned life at Campbellsport High School upside down.
"I was real close with Katie and Caitlin," Costello said. "They were in my close group of friends." ...


text:
- Subscribe
- Magazine
- Contract Packaging
- Education
- Leaders in Packaging
- Calendar
Download this handy e-book consisting of the latest labeling machines from leading manufacturers with links to videos and detailed specs.
Article | October 4, 2007
P.E. USA, Inc: Servo modular labeler
The new Servo Modular System from P.E. USA offers label application with the capability of p-s or cold glue, as well as hot melt or roll-fed.
Includes programmable servo technology for bottle plate rotation and includes mobile label stations for interchangeable labeling, depending on the application. Available for speeds ranging from 100 to 800 bpm.
Phone: 513/771-7374 | www.pe-us.com | Booth C-2201
Related Sponsored Content
44 Best Package Designs
Sign up to receive timely updates from our editors and download this e-book of our editors' selections for most innovative package designs of the past year.


text:
Get ready to Bounce!
Bounce! Trampoline Sports, an indoor facility featuring massive courts of interconnected trampolines, will be opening its newest location in Syosset on Sept. 7. Videojournalist: Jessica Rotkiewicz (Aug. 21, 2013)
Newsday.com now uses Facebook for our comment boards. Please read our guidelines and connect your Facebook account to comment.
Black Friday protest Puppy of the Day: McCoy Good Morning LI: It's Black Friday! Forty years of football Blimp makes unplanned landing Puppy of the Day: Kilter Good Morning LI: It's Thanksgiving! Judge to rule 'soon' on whether to shut down fantasy sports Balloons get inflated for Thanksgiving Day parade Stony Brook miracle baby 3 luxury East End homes on the market Good Morning LI: It's National Tie One On Day!


text:
If you're feeling iffy about going to see "50 Shades of Grey" this weekend, maybe it's because it lacks a certain character. Specifically, Steve Buscemi.
The folks at Boo Ya Pictures have taken it upon themselves to recut the film's trailer to feature the celebrated actor as Christian Grey instead of Jamie Dornan. The result is a fantastic reinterpretation that splices some of Buscemi's greatest work in "Boardwalk Empire," "Fargo," "Ghost World," and "Billy Madison." What makes it even better (and more convincing?) is the use of the "50 Shades" Beyonce remix of "Crazy in Love" throughout, as Dakota Johnson stares seductively into Steve's crazy eyes.
Click through to watch the video. Read More »


text:
Ohio Secretary of State Jennifer Brunner up to Her old Tricks Again
The lesson Ohio learned late Friday is NEVER trust a career politician! A clearly political action Secretary of State Jennifer Brunner again reared her ugly head. After all she is the Queen of elections; she is the ultimate decider of who is elected in Ohio and who isn't, no matter what the committees say and no matter what the people say.
Brunner is no stranger to the spotlight. Most of us remember her in the 2008 election taking quiet orders from the Democratic Party, and the Obama campaign. In that election she turned her eye away from massive voter fraud in Ohio by groups like ACORN who had registering thousands of illegitimate voters. It's ironic that her office now seems to take the idea of validating signatures seriously.
As November approaches and Brunner makes her bid for Ohio open US Senator's seat on the Democrat ticket, she plaid her last ace in her Progressive hand. Seeing a primary with four other opponents, she decided now was the time to make her move. Leaking a press release under the cover of darkness late Friday night, her office announced they had disqualified not 1, not 2, but 3 of her opponents.
Charlena Renee Bradley of Lyndhurst and Traci Johnson of Hilliard – were disqualified from the Senate race. Bradley filed 1,170 signatures, but her office claimed that only 642 were valid. Fewer than half of the 1,305 signatures Johnson submitted were considered valid.
If voiding 50% of signatures submitted sounds unbelievable, would you believe over 70%? Sounds nearly impossible, even if ACORN collected the signatures? This is where the story gets even worse.
At the same time Brunner used her office to "Clear the Field" in true Saul Alinsky syle, she also disqualified 2 entries in the Ohio Attorney General race in the up coming Republican Primary.
Steve Christopher, Tea Party favorite who stood to upset Mike DeWine who has been reluctantly endorsed by the GOP, filed 2,700 signatures out of the 3,100 he collected, yet the office claims only 638 valid signatures. Owens, who ran unsuccessfully for attorney general in a 2008 special election, filed only 282 valid signatures according the Brunner's office.
So let's see if I have this right: Brunner clears the field by using her office, buries the story on a Friday night. To cover herself even further she co-opts fellow progressives within the Republicans party to take down the "Little Candidate that Could" defeat Steve Christopher. You know the one the TEA Parties want, the same TEA Parties the Party has worked so hard to become friends with. The Republicans get what they want, and can blame her, and since they got their way won't make a stink about any of her actions. Actions mind you, that are a conflict of interest at the least, and down right illegal at the worst. Every one wins right? Except you and I, the people trying to change Columbus, the people who have been promised our voices would be heard.
The papers got the headlines wrong again. The Columbus Dispatch read:
Only 3 races to be contest in May ballot
Five candidates booted for filing too few signatures
Can we go with this one instead:
Secretary of State Brunner Counts Better in 2010 after Learning fro 2008 Election
After not investigating thousands of illegal votes, She made up for it in disqualifying signatures in her own race
or maybe:
Progressives Reach across Party Lines to Help Each other Stay in Power
Secretary of Sate Brunner fixes both Democrat and Republican Primaries to further the cause
I could go on, but why bother. That was yesterday, now what are we going to do about it today? Steve Christopher will appeal, and according to their campaign have copies of and are having the signatures independently evaluated for every one for them. Keep the pressure on the media to report this, or outcome will not change. Every members of the Ohio Central Committee (paid for by the DeWine campaign) knows that there were two possibilities here: One he would go away, and two he would fight. They will now help Brunner by ignoring the story, and helping delay any appeal so that they can cheat DeWine over the finish line. Don't believe me? Ask Dave Yost, the former front runner who was duped by the party to change races, and is now getting kicked while down by county party endorsements against him. And you thought Chicago politics were bad.


text:
- No comments found
By Simon Baskett
MADRID (Reuters) - The International Badminton Federation (IBF) unveiled a new 12-tournament Super Series for 2007 that will also feature an end-of-season Masters event with prize money of ,000.
"We want to boost badminton's profile and highlight what we have got," Paisan Rangsikitpho, the chair of the IBF Events Committee, told a news conference.
"Television will play an important role in the new series and events have guaranteed live coverage of the semi-finals and finals. We want billions of viewers."
The IBF has cherry-picked 12 high-profile tournaments on the existing circuit to make up the Super Series, four in Europe and eight in Asia.
In Europe, the All-England, Swiss, Danish and French Opens have been chosen, while in Asia, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea and China will hold the remainder of the events.
Rangsikitpho said that the United States, Taiwan, Germany and India had made unsuccessful applications to hold Super Series events, but had been put on a reserve list.
Badminton powerhouse China will be the only country to hold two events, but the venue of the end-of-season Masters trophy has not yet been decided.
The main draws will be 32 rather than 64-strong, with the top 28 players or pairs in the world being joined by four qualifiers.
The IBF also said they were looking into the introduction of television replays for the Super Series following calls from leading players for the use of such technology to resolve disputes over line calls.
"We are in the research phase at the moment," said Rangsikitpho.
"It's a costly operation and we will be looking at how other sports like tennis use the technology. It might be possible to introduce it to make it fair for all players."
(source: Reuters)
Replays: China Open 2015
Kuala Lumpur: After serving 9 years as general manager of Ba
Lima: China won an unprecedented tenth BWF World Junior Mixe
Lee Chong Wei is one of the greatest badminton players to ev
Kuala Lumpur: It's getting hard to keep track of all the mix
Beijing: HOT! HOT! HOT! Lin Dan shows off his super fit and
By: BadmintonPlanet.com When He Loses, You Stay With Him!Wh


text:
Dot Dunn, entrepreneur (#218)
Dot Dunn and her son Brad are the owners of the Lakeview Point Bed and Breakfast on Lake Herrington near Harrodsburg. In this interview, Dunn talks about how she achieved her goal of owning her own business and the challenges and rewards of running an inn.
Air Dates
Saturday, July 14, 2007 at 3:00/2:00 pm CT on KET
Sunday, July 15, 2007 at 11:30/10:30 am CT on KET2


text:
Division III wrestling got off to a rough start for locals as three of the five lost their opener. Sam Groff, Sandy Valley's district champion at 182, and Manchester heavyweight Jacob Hanzel were the lone survivors to advance.
Division III wrestling got off to a rough start for locals as three of the five lost their opener. Sam Groff, Sandy Valley's district champion at 182, and Manchester heavyweight Jacob Hanzel were the lone survivors to advance.
Groff eked out a 1-0 decision over Northwestern's Kile Schaefer. It was his third win over the Huskies sophomore this season, the second by a point.
Hanzel got the first takedown, controlled the match and finally pinned Jefferson's Geoff Ketcham in 5:17.
Division II saw D.J. Schoeppner do what he does best: Win. The fourth seed out of Alliance got the first takedown on Eaton's Payton Ott, then got another in the third period to give him a cushion for a 5-4 decision. That put the two-time placer one step nearer to becoming the first Wildcats three-timer. Schoeppner improved to 44-4.
At 120, Carrollton's Joey Miller had one of the session's most impressive debuts. Miller pinned Cole Tawney of Gallia Academy in 24 seconds.That kept Miller on pace to meet for a possible finals match against the nation's best at 120, CVCA's Nathan Tomasello, who won by tech fall, 20-4.
West Branch brothers Logan and Connor Sharp were sharp, Logan winning 3-2 over Carrollton's Austin Bentley at 220 and Connor a 10-1 major decision at heavyweight.
The Warriors' Kenneth Faulkner found out how good St. Paris Graham freshman Alex Marinelli is. The senior lost by pin in 3:30 to the 10th-ranked 152-pounder in the country.
Minerva's Harrison Hopple kicked tail at 195. The Lions linebacker planted his foe in a mere 78 seconds to advance.
Lake underclassmen Zac Carson and Andrew McNally scored upsets, as far as a No. 4 against a No. 1 seed went. But the former eighth-grade stat champs showed why they can go on the big stage by grabbing one-point wins over district champs.
Carson beat Kasee McDougle of Gahanna Lincoln 4-3 and McNally edged Lancaster's Scott Deluse 7-6, both coming from behind in the third period.
Another former middle-school winner, GlenOak heavyweight Corey Siegfried, dominated in his first-ever Columbus match. Siegfried won 6-0 to advance to Saturday morning's quarterfinals.
Comments are currently unavailable on this article
Location, ST | website.com


text:
Please enter your current email address to receive instructions on resetting your password.
Your password has been reset. Please check your email for further instructions.
You are sending a link to the page. Please completely fill out the form
Add an additional message below.
The URL for the page will automatically be added to your message.
Enter ShadowLand's huge, 6000 sq ft, multi-level, eerie fog-filled, carpeted arena where adventure waits around every corner. Towers, ramps, turrets, and catwalks provide a 3-D landscape unlike anything you've experienced before. Our specialty lighting and music will pump you up to be the best! Play a team game and complete the objective or play solo and have a blast tagging your friends! ShadowLand creates a once-in-a-lifetime experience that is sure to bond your family, group or office personnel closer together. Interact with our exclusive GEM's as you battle for your chance at Laser-Tag Stardom! ShadowLand provides fantastic 'whole group' activities for families, youth groups, sports teams and businesses and has been the #1 group destination in the DC/MD/VA area for 15 years! For more information on how to make ShadowLand a part of your visit call us today or visit our website: www.shadowlandadventures.com
This facility meets ADA Accessibility Guidelines for wheelchair accessibility, including an accessible entrance,
access to goods and services, usability of rest rooms and accessible parking and drop-off areas. For additional
details, please see the ADA website.
Tell us how we are doing.
Order your Free Virginia Travel Guide.
What's going on around Virginia? Subscribe to the Virginia eNews.
Thank You! For subscribing to the Virginia eNewsletter. You will begin receiving 2 email newsletters each month.
View Our Newsletter Archive
Online Travel Guide
Virginia Green
Weather Forecasts
Virginia iPhone Apps


text:
- Age / Gender:
- n/a, Unspecified
- Location:
- Location not disclosed
- Joined:
- 6/14/13
- All Stats >
User Statshot
- Community Stats
Level 3 Blank Slate
Normal Whistle
Ranked as Civilian
Contact Info / Websites
Recent Game Medals
Game Boy 5 Points That seems like a lot.... Medal Stats.
Shake, Shake, Shake... 5 Points shake shake shake Medal Stats.
A CLUE! 5 Points Find the clue... Medal Stats.
Making Money! 5 Points killing Indians... Medal Stats.
Red Pizza 5 Points Maybe it was less of a birthmark and more of a stain? Medal Stats.
And it takes six years to read! 5 Points What a clever "War and Peace" joke.... Medal Stats.
Sex 5 Points The Unknown Olympic Sport. Medal Stats.
Tall Buildings! 5 Points They are pretty HIGH up there..... Kinda tall I guess... Medal Stats.
Spread Some Amour 25 Points They were meant to be. Medal Stats.
Wolfen Grave 25 Points So much for that appetitive for destruction... Medal Stats.
Total Medals Earned: 99 (From 1 different game.)
Favorite Art
Favorite Movies
Favorite Games
S.O.S Rated 3.1620 Stars Action adventure platformer inspired by games like Cave Story and Metroid Action - Platformer - Other Blocks Cleaner Rated 2.8932 Stars Logic game with simple mechanics. The goal is to clear the largest group of blocks as poss Puzzles - Other Infiltrating the Airship Rated 4.5332 Stars Henry's skills are put to use on the Toppat Clan and their airship. Adventure - Point 'n Click Nam-Cap Rated 3.9608 Stars Nam-Cap is the "Bizarro World" version of Pac-Man Action - Other


text:
Since 1975, Oakley has used invention and design to rebel against the status quo. For our 35th anniversary, we took inspiration from the art of rebellion. We brought back the art from the original Oakley grip and used its design and texturing on our eyewear and throughout our apparel graphic designs.
Our 2010 collection defines a movement through the blending of punk and pop. Design elements include: mismatching patterns, bright colors, and the thoughtful layering of lines, shapes and patterns. It's a fitting celebration of our 35th anniversary and the start of a new decade.
All Oakley eyewear is warranted for one year from the date of purchase against manufacturer defects. Coverage is valid only with proof of purchase from an Authorized Oakley Dealer. Oakley warranty program does not cover scratched lenses. Alteration of Oakley products will void warranty. Additional services are available for a nominal charge.


text:
Storm Team Weather Glossary
Acid Deposition is precipitation (rain, snow, etc.) made acidic by the addition of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere as a result of fossil fuel burning. Automobile exhaust and emissions from coal-fired power plants are two significant causes of acid deposition. In severe cases, acid precipitation kills fish and other aquatic life and damages and/or destroys trees and crops. In some instances, it has rendered entire lakes and forests nearly lifeless. Index
Advection is horizontal transport of any property, such as heat or humidity. Index
Aerosol is a gaseous suspension of fine solid particles. Index
Albedo is the fraction of light reflected by a surface, often expressed as a percentage. Light colored surfaces, such as snow and ice, have a high albedo, while dark, light-absorbing surfaces have a low albedo. Index
Anthropogenic means caused or created by human beings. For example, anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are those caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels. Index
Atmosphere is the envelope of gases that surrounds a planet. Earth's atmosphere is one of five interrelated components that make up the Earth system. The other four are the biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and pedosphere, which are defined below. Index
Atmospheric Pressure is the force exerted by the air on each unit of area of a surface, essentially equivalent to the weight of the overlying atmosphere. High atmospheric pressure generally leads to stable weather conditions while low pressure can result in storms. Index
Atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element that can take part in a chemical reaction. An atom is composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and is surrounded by electrons. Index
AVHRR stands for Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, the imagery produced by NOAA (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) satellites. Pixel size is 1km x 1km for local area coverage (LAC) and 2km x 2km for global area coverage (GAC). Index
Barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. Index
Biodiversity refers to the total number of biological species in a particular area. Index
Biomass is the total dry weight of living material in a particular area. Index
Biome is a distinctive ecological system, characterized primarily by the nature of its vegetation. Index
Biosphere refers to the region on land, in the oceans and in the atmosphere inhabited by living things. Index
Biota refers to all living things, including animal and plant life. Index
Blizzard is snow falling with winds faster than 35 miles per hour and visibility of a quarter mile or less over an extended time period. Index
Business-as-usual, in the context of global climate change, refers to a scenario for future world patterns of energy use and greenhouse gas emission which assumes that there will be no significant change in people's attitudes and priorities. Index
Carbon cycle is the exchange of carbon between land, atmosphere and oceans. About one quarter of the total carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere is cycled in and out each year; half of this is exchanged with the land biota, and the other half, through physical and chemical processes, across the ocean's surface. Index
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the major greenhouse gases. Anthropogenic CO2 results mainly from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) and from deforestation. Index
Celsius is a temperature scale, also called the Centigrade scale. Its fixed points are the freezing point of water (0.C) and the boiling point of water (100.C). To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply the Celsius temperature by 1.8 and add 32. Index
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are synthetic compounds which destroy stratospheric ozone and are also greenhouse gases. The primary use of CFCs today is as a coolant in refrigerators and air conditioners. CFCs are also used as solvents, foam blowing agents and aerosol propellants, though the use of CFCs in aerosol cans in the U.S. was outlawed 15 years ago. Substitutes for CFCs are under development, and some are already available. The Montreal Protocol for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is an international agreement that requires that parties to the convention in developed nations phase out CFCs by 1996. Index
Climate refers to the temperature, humidity, precipitation, winds, radiation, and other meteorological conditions characteristic of a locality or region over an extended period of time. Compared to weather, climate involves longer times and deals not only with the atmosphere, but also with oceans, land and biosphere. Index
Climate Sensitivity refers to the size of the climate change expected to result from a change in external influences. One description of climate sensitivity is the global average temperature rise expected to result from a doubling of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Index
Cloud is a visible mass of condensed water vapor (liquid or ice) particles. Index
Compound is a substance formed from two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions. Index
Condensation is the process of changing state from gas to liquid. Index
Condensation Nuclei are small particles in the air that attract water and encourage condensation. Index
Convection generally refers to vertical motion in the atmosphere or ocean generated by temperature difference and resulting in the transfer of heat. Index
Cryosphere is one of the five interrelated components of the Earth system. It is that portion of the Earth's surface with average temperatures below the freezing point of water. The bulk of the cryosphere is at or near the poles, but cryospheric regions also exist atop high mountain ranges on all continents. The cryosphere is composed of snow, permanently frozen ground (permafrost), floating ice, and glaciers. Index
Deforestation is destruction of forests, usually by cutting or burning. Deforestation enhances the greenhouse effect in two ways. First, when wood is burned or decomposes, it releases carbon dioxide. Second, trees which are destroyed can no longer serve their function of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the process of photosynthesis. Index
Demography is the study of the nature and structure of human populations including their distribution, age structure, composition, life styles, and change. Index
Desertification is degradation of land characterized by reduced soil moisture and vegetation including crops, and by soil erosion. Like deforestation, desertification can affect climate in several ways, including by altering the water cycle. Index
Developing Countries, sometimes called less developed countries (LDCs) or "Third World," generally means low-income nations, usually with little industrialization, often accompanied by high rates of illiteracy and poor public health. Most developing countries are in the southern hemisphere. Index
Dew Point is a measure of humidity, given in terms of the air temperature at which dew begins to form, as water vapor condenses into liquid. Index
Dobson Units (DU) is the standard way to express ozone amounts. Ozone varies with latitude and season, typically ranging from about 250 to 460 Dobson units. Dobson was a researcher at Oxford University who, in the late 1920s, built the first instrument, now called the Dobson meter, for measuring total ozone from the ground. Index
Drought is a period of abnormal dryness for a particular region. Index
Drylands are areas of the world where precipitation is low and where rainfall consists of small, erratic, short, high-intensity storms. Index
Ecology is the science that deals with the study of the interrelationships between living organisms and their environments. Index
Ecosystem refers to a distinct system of interdependent plants and animals, along with their physical environment. An ecosystem may be as large as the entire Earth, or as small as a pond. Index
Earth Observing System (EOS) refers to a series of small- to intermediate-sized spacecraft that is the centerpiece of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. Planned for launch beginning in 1998, each of the EOS spacecraft will carry a suite of instruments designed to study global change. Index
El Ninõ is a warming of the surface waters of the eastern equatorial Pacific that occurs at irregular intervals of 2 to 7 years, usually lasting 1 to 2 years, which has a significant influence on regional and global climate. El Ninõ has been linked to colder, wetter winters in parts of the U.S., drier hotter summers in South America and Europe, and drought in Africa, as well as reduced numbers of fish in South American coastal waters. Index
El Ninõ-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) refers to the combined effects of El Ninõ (see above) and a global-scale shift in atmospheric pressure called the Southern Oscillation. In the warm phase of ENSO, El Ninõ warming extends over much of the tropical Pacific and becomes clearly linked to the SO pattern. Many of the countries most affected by ENSO events are developing countries with economies that are largely dependent upon their agricultural and fishery sectors as a major source of food supply, employment and foreign exchange. New capabilities to predict the onset of ENSO events can thus have important human impacts. While ENSO is a natural part of Earth's climate variability, whether its intensity or frequency may change as a result of global warming is a concern. Index
Electromagnetic Spectrum is a continuum of all kinds of electric, magnetic, and visible radiation. [insert diagram of spectrum with wavelengths and sections] Index
Electron is a negatively charged component of an atom. Index
Element refers to any substance that cannot be separated by chemical means into two or more simpler substances. Index
Endemic means naturally occurring only in a certain region, as in a species that is endemic to a particular place. Index
Environment is the complex of physical, chemical and biological factors in which a living organism or community exists. Index
Environmental refugees are people obliged to leave their traditional or established homelands due to environmental problems (deforestation, desertification, floods, drought, sea-level rise, nuclear plant accidents), on a permanent or semi-permanent basis, with little or no hope of ever returning. Though no formal accounting has been taken, there may currently be about 25 million environmental refugees in the world, according to one estimate. Index
Equator is an imaginary circle around the Earth that is equally distant from the North and South Poles and defines the latitude 0. Index
Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes rich in dissolved nutrients through human-created or chemical processes (such as runoff laden with chemical fertilizers used in agriculture). This often results in a deficiency of dissolved oxygen, producing an environment that favors plant over animal life.
Evaporation is the process of changing state from liquid to gas. Index
Evapotransporation is the discharge of water from Earth's surface to the atmosphere by evaporation from bodies of water, or other surfaces, and by transpiration (the process by which water is taken up by roots and released as water vapor by leaves) from plants. Index
Exotic means originating outside of an area, such as an exotic species. Index
Fahrenheit is a temperature scale based on water freezing at 32.F and boiling at 212.F under standard atmospheric pressure. To convert from Fahrenheit to Centigrade, subtract 32. from the Fahrenheit temperature and divide the resulting quantity by 1.8. Index
Feedback refers to a sequence of interactions in which the final interaction influences the original one. In such a sequence, a cause produces a result, and the result then in turn influences its cause. For example, by one estimate, global warming is expected to increase air conditioner use in the U.S. enough to require 86 additional power plants by the year 2010. The burning of fossil fuels in those power plants would in turn cause more global warming, causing more air conditioner use, causing more warming, and so on, in a positive feedback loop. As a system changes, it may generate processes that affect the original change. If one of these processes amplifies the change (such as increasing global warming in the above example) we call it a positive feedback. If it dampens the change, we call it a negative feedback. Index
Food Chain refers to a series of plants and animals that depend upon each other as food sources (i.e., a plant is eaten by a small fish, which is eaten by a larger fish, which is eaten by a bird, and so on). Index
Fossil is the hardened remains or traces of plant or animal life from a previous geological period preserved in the Earth's crust. Index
Fossil Fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas are created by the decomposition of ancient animal and plant remains. They are finite (limited) resources, and release carbon dioxide and other gases when burned. [insert graph of the fossil fuel age spike] Index
Gaia Hypothesis is the idea, developed by James Lovelock, that Earth's systems behave as a single living entity striving to maintain health and stability conducive to the existence of life. Index
General Circulation Models (GCMs) are computer models of Earth's climate that are used to improve our understanding of factors that influence climate and enhance our ability to forecast future climate patterns. One reason GCMs are so useful is that they allow researchers to turn individual variables on and off and observe the results, isolating factors in a way that is not possible in the physical world. Index
Geoengineering refers to artificial modification of Earth systems to counteract anthropogenic effects such as global warming or stratospheric ozone depletion. An example of geoengineering aimed at reducing global warming is the "iron hypothesis," which suggests that adding iron to the oceans could stimulate the growth of algae which would photosynthesize, thus taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In general, geoengineering proposals would be costly and logistically difficult, and before they were undertaken, it would be prudent to be certain that unanticipated adverse consequences would not occur. Index
Geographic Information System (GIS) uses computers to combine remote sensing data with other information (e.g., topographic, political, cultural, economic, ground truth). In essence, a GIS is a way of managing Earth science data to bring out geographical interrelationships. Index
Geosphere refers to the physical elements of the Earth's surface, crust and interior. Index
Geostationary or geosynchronous describes an orbit in which a satellite is always in the same position with respect to the Earth. The satellite travels around the Earth, in the same direction and at the same speed as the Earth's rotation, completing one orbit in a 24-hour period. All geostationary satellites are directly above Earth's equator and are at the same altitude. Index
Geothermal Energy is energy obtained by the transfer of heat to Earth's surface from its depths. A natural hot spring is one such example. Index
Glacier is a multi-year accumulation of snowfall in excess of snow melt on land, resulting in a mass of ice covering at least a tenth of a square kilometer, that shows some evidence of movement in response to gravity. Glacier ice is the largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth, and second only to the oceans as the largest reservoir of total water. Glaciers are fo anund on every continent except Australia. Index
Global Change refers to change to the Earth system which is either a global phenomenon or that occurs regionally, but strongly enough and often enough to be of global significance. The leading current global change issues include climate change due to an enhanced greenhouse effect, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid precipitation, urban air pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Index
Global Warming is a term used to describe a predicted warming of Earth's climate due to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), composed of many of the world's leading authorities on the subject, estimates that if atmospheric CO2 doubled, global average temperature would eventually increase by 1.5. to 4.5.C (about 3.-8.F) with a "best guess" of 2.5.C (4.F). The IPCC also estimates that about half of this warming will have occurred by the year 2030. Index
Green Revolution refers to a dramatic increase in food production, primarily as a result of the development of new strains of crops. Index
Greenhouse Effect is the natural process whereby gases in Earth's atmosphere act like the glass in greenhouse, letting the Sun's energy in, but keeping some of it from going back out. Were it not for this natural effect, Earth's climate would be about 33. C (60. F) colder, and life as we know it would not exist. The "enhanced greenhouse effect" refers to an increase in this natural heat-trapping phenomena caused by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Index
Greenhouse Gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, tropospheric ozone, nitrous oxide, CFCs, and other gases which absorb some of the long wave thermal radiation emitted from Earth's surface, thereby warming the atmosphere. With the exception of water vapor, these are also called "trace gases" since they total less than 1% of the atmosphere. Index
Ground Truth is the collecting of information on Earth's surface at the same place and time as a remote sensor gathers data. Ground truth information is used to interpret and calibrate remotely sensed data from satellites. Index
Gulf Stream is a warm, swift ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico, along the coast of the Eastern U.S., across the Atlantic to the European coast, and makes Ireland, Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries warmer than they would be otherwise. Index
GWP stands for Global Warming Potential, and is the ratio of how much a gas contributes, molecule for molecule, to enhancing the greenhouse effect compared to carbon dioxide. Index
Habitat refers to the environment in which an individual or population occurs. Index
Hail is precipitation composed of lumps of ice. Hail is produced when large frozen raindrops or other particles in cumulonimbus clouds, grow by accumulating supercooled liquid droplets. Violent updrafts in the cloud carry the particles up through the freezing air, allowing the frozen core to accumulate more ice. When the piece of hail becomes too heavy to be carried by rising air currents, it falls to the ground. Index
Halocarbons are halons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and other chemicals that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. The term halocarbons is used in the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Index
Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. The higher the temperature, the greater the number of water molecules the air can hold. "Relative humidity" describes the amount of water in the air compared with how much the air can hold at the current temperature. For example, 50% relative humidity means the air holds half the water vapor it is capable of holding. Index
Hurricane is a severe tropical storm whose winds exceed 74 miles per hour. Hurricanes originate over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans, because high sea surface temperatures are essential to their formation. Index
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are replacements for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are less ozone-depleting than CFCs but not totally ozone-safe. HCFCs are also greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming. Index
Hydrologic Cycle refers to the natural sequence through which water evaporates from the ocean, land surface, and plants into the atmosphere as water vapor, falls to Earth as precipitation, and largely returns to the ocean through pathways including rivers and ground water. Index
Hydrosphere is one of the five interrelated components of the Earth system and consists of all of Earth's waters including the oceans, fresh waters, and water vapor in the atmosphere. Index
Ice Age is a geological time period during which sheets of ice cover extensive parts of the Earth. Index
Image resolution has to do with the level of detail in an image and is determined by the area represented by each pixel (picture element). The smaller the area represented by a pixel, the more detailed the image. For example, if a U.S. map and a world map are printed on the same size paper, one square inch on the U.S. map will represent far less area and provide far more detail than one square inch of the world map. The U.S. map would thus be said to have higher resolution. Index
Indigenous means naturally occurring in an area, such as an indigenous species. Index
In Situ is Latin for "in original place" and usually refers to data collected at the actual location of the object or material measured, as opposed to remote sensing. Index
Insolation is the solar radiation falling upon a particular horizontal surface on or above Earth's surface. Index
Ion is an atom or molecule that has acquired an electric charge by the loss or gain of one or more electrons. Index
Isothermal means of or indicating equality of temperature. Isotherms are lines connecting points of equal temperature on a weather map. Index
Kilometer is a metric unit of distance equal to 3,280.8 feet or 0.621 miles. Index
Landsat is the name for a group of five satellites dedicated to applying remote sensing techniques to the inventory, monitoring, and management of Earth's natural resources. The Landsat system currently uses two sensors: multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM). Index
Lightning is a discharge of atmospheric electricity accompanied by a vivid flash of light. During thunderstorms, static electricity builds up in clouds. A positive charge builds in the upper part of the cloud, while a negative charge builds in the lower portion. When the difference between the charges becomes great, the charge jumps from one area to another, creating a lightning bolt. Most lightning bolts strike from one cloud to another but they can also strike the ground. Such bolts occur when positive charges build up on the ground. A negative charge or "leader" flows from the cloud toward the ground and then a positively charged leader (called the return stroke) runs from the ground to the cloud. What appears as a lightning bolt is actually a series of downward and upward strokes, all taking place in less than a second. Index
Magnetosphere is the region surrounding a celestial body where its magnetic field controls the motions or charged particles. Earth's magnetosphere is dipolar, meaning it behaves as if it were produced by a giant magnet located near the center of the planet with its north pole tilted several degrees from Earth's geographic north pole. Index
Mean is the scientific term for average as in "global mean temperature." Index
Milankovitch Theory states that major ice ages of the past may be triggered by regular variations in Earth's orbit around the Sun, leading to changes in incoming solar radiation. Index
Modeling is an investigative technique which uses a mathematical or physical representation of a system or theory to test for effects that changes in system components may have on the overall functioning of the system. Mathematical modeling using computers plays a major role in climate research, by simulating how Earth's climate will respond to changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Index
Molecule means two or more atoms of one or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions. For example, atoms of the elements carbon and oxygen, chemically bonded in a 1:2 proportion, create molecules of the compound carbon dioxide (CO2). Molecules can also be formed of a single element, as in ozone (O3). Index
Monsoon refers to a particular seasonal weather pattern in sub-tropical regions, especially when characterized by periods of heavy winds and rainfall. Monsoons are caused by a pronounced seasonal change in wind direction. Winds usually blow from land to sea in winter, while in the summer, this reverses, bringing precipitation. Monsoons are most typical in India and southern Asia. Index
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international agreement that prescribes a timetable for ending the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds. Begun in 1987, this unprecedented international treaty is a unique example of scientists and industry working with governments to seek a global solution to the human-caused environmental challenge of ozone depletion. After the original agreement was signed, new evidence arose proving that deeper cuts in CFC production were necessary to protect the ozone layer. The 1990 London amendments and the 1992 Copenhagen amendments sped up the halocarbon phase out and controlled several other chemicals that were not in the original agreement: methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methyl bromide, and HCFCs. The revised agreement now calls for the phaseout of CFCs to be complete by 1996. The treaty also attempts to make the phaseouts fair to developing countries by setting up a fund, paid for by developed nations, to assist developing countries in making the switch to ozone-safe chemicals. Index
Multispectral Scanner (MSS) is a sensor system carried on Landsat satellites. Index
Neutron is a component of most atomic nuclei, without electric charge, and of approximately the same mass as the proton (positively charged component). Index
Orbit is the path of a body, such as a planet or satellite, in its periodic revolution around another body in space. For example, satellites which orbit Earth near latitude 0. are said to have equatorial orbits, since they remain above the equator. Satellites with inclinations near 90. are said to be in polar orbits because they cross over or near Earth's north and south poles as they revolve around the planet. Index
Ozone is a gaseous molecule consisting of three atoms of oxygen (O3). Ozone in Earth's stratosphere forms a protective layer that shields Earth's inhabitants from damaging ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Ozone in the troposphere, near Earth's surface, on the other hand, is a harmful pollutant resulting from the interaction of anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds and sunlight. Index
Ozone Depletion refers to the thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer which protects life on Earth from excess ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Human-made halocarbons are primarily responsible for this reduction in the amount of ozone in the stratosphere. Index
Ozone Hole refers to a region of the atmosphere over Antarctica where, during springtime in the Southern Hemisphere, up to three quarters of the stratospheric ozone disappears. Anthropogenic halocarbons are the primary cause of this phenomenon. Index
Paleoclimatology is the reconstruction of ancient climates by using evidence such as tree rings and air trapped in ice cores. Researchers use such evidence to understand natural climatic shifts which can help us in understanding and eventually predicting future climate trends. Index
Passive Solar Design refers to designing buildings to maximize the use of solar radiation to warm and light the interior. Passive solar design criteria include properly siting the building, using energy efficient windows, and providing for both appropriate levels of insulation and thermal mass (material in the walls or floors of the building which stores heat and thereby helps to moderate temperature variations). Index
Pedosphere is one of the five interrelated components of the Earth System, and consists of the solid portion of the Earth. The pedosphere rides on continental structures that evolve over millions of years as a consequence of the tectonic motions of Earth's land masses. Index
pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A value of 7 is neutral, values less than 7 are acid, and values over 7 are alkaline or basic. A change of one unit on the pH scale represents a factor of ten in acidity. For example, a solution with a pH of five is ten times as acid as one with a pH of six. Index
Phenology is the science dealing with the relationships between climate and periodic biological phenomena that are related to or caused by climatic conditions, such as the seasonal budding of trees and migration of birds. Index
Photochemical Smog, present in many large cities, is formed by chemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons (from human activities including automobile use) taking place in the presence of sunlight. The principle component of photochemical smog is tropospheric or ground-level ozone. Index
Photosynthesis is the series of chemical reactions by which plants use the sun's energy, carbon dioxide and water vapor to form materials for growth, and release oxygen. Index
Phytoplankton are minute forms of plant life in the oceans at the base of the marine food chain. Index
Pixel is the smallest element of an electronically-coded image. Pixel is a contraction of the words "picture element." See image resolution. Index
Plate Tectonics is the concept that Earth's crust is composed of rigid plates that move over a less rigid interior. The movements of these plates cause geological events such as earthquakes and continental drift, and over long periods of time, can cause significant shifts in Earth's land masses. Index
ppbv stands for parts per billion by volume, a measure of concentration Index
ppmv stands for parts per million by volume, a measure of concentration Index
Precipitation is moisture that falls from clouds. Raindrops form around particles of salt or dust. Water or ice droplets stick to these particles, the drops attract more water and continue to grow until they are large enough to fall out of the cloud. Index
PV stands for photovoltaic. A photovoltaic or solar cell is a device, often made of silicon, which converts solar radiation directly into electricity. Index
Radiation Budget is an accounting of the radiation which enters and leaves a planet's atmosphere. The quantity of solar radiation entering the atmosphere from space should be balanced by the thermal radiation leaving the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Index
Rainforest is an evergreen woodland of the tropics distinguished by a continuous leaf canopy and an average rainfall of about 100 inches per year. Rainforests play an important role in the global environment for several reasons. They are the most biologically diverse biome on the planet, encompassing just 6-7% of Earth's land, but thought to house nearly half of its species. Rainforests also take up carbon dioxide, helping to balance anthropogenic emissions. When rainforests are cut or burned, the opposite occurs: they release stored carbon dioxide, adding to the greenhouse effect. Index
Rain Gauge is a calibrated container that measures the amount of rainfall occurring during a specific period of time. Index
Remote Sensing is the process of obtaining information from a distance, especially from aircraft and satellites. Modern remote sensing technology has greatly expanded our ability to see and understand the Earth and its systems and to observe changes. Remote sensing has become a critical tool in activities ranging from the verification of arms control treaties to the provision of emergency aid to disaster-stricken regions. Through remote sensing we learn about problems such as droughts, famines, and floods; we obtain information about agricultural practices, weather conditions, transportation systems, river flows, and terrain changes. We use remote sensing to locate Earth's natural resources and can then use that information to exploit or protect them. Index
Renewable Energy refers to energy from sources which are not depleted by use. Examples include using passive solar energy to heat buildings, solar thermal energy to heat water or turn turbines to produce electricity, photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight directly to electricity, wind power, and hydroelectric energy. Index
Sequestration is removal and storage, as when carbon dioxide is sequestered from the atmosphere by plants via photosynthesis. Index
Sink is a scientific term for storage or removal of a substance. For example, plants, through photosynthesis, transform carbon dioxide from the air into organic matter which is then "stored" in the plant or in the soil. Plants are thus said to be sinks" for carbon. One of the key uncertainties regarding climate is that the quantity of carbon held in the various sinks and the rates of exchange between them are not well known. Index
Solar Constant is the average total radiation reaching the top of Earth's atmosphere from the sun. The number used for this constant, about 1370 watts per square meter, is not, in fact, truly constant; variations of about a tenth of a percent have been measured during the last two decades. Index
Solar Radiation is energy from the sun. It is the main energy source for Earth's climate system, heating the surface and driving currents in the oceans and winds in the atmosphere. Ordinary visible sunlight is the most obvious form of solar radiation, but other forms are significant too. For example, see ultraviolet radiation. Index
Sonde is a device sent up into the air, typically borne on a balloon, to obtain information about atmospheric conditions. Radiosondes, for example, measure temperature, pressure and humidity and then "radio" or transmit these data to Earth. Index
Spectral Band is a segment of wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum. Index
Stratosphere is the region of the atmosphere between the troposphere and mesosphere, having a lower boundary approximately 8 kilometers above Earth's surface at the poles and 15 km at the equator and an upper boundary of approximately 50 km. This is the region that houses the stratospheric ozone layer which protects Earth from ultraviolet solar radiation. [insert diagram] Index
Sustainable Development is development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some people also believe that the concept of sustainable development should include preserving the environment for other species as well as for people. Index
Synoptic means simultaneous. For example, a synoptic weather map displays meteorological conditions observed in different places at a single time. Synoptic also refers to a large or general view of something. For example, an aerial photograph provides a "synoptic," or "bird's eye view" of an area. Index
Terrestrial means pertaining to the Earth, as distinct from other planets (as in extraterrestrial life). It also means pertaining to the land, as distinct from the water or air (as in a terrestrial, as opposed to aquatic, ecosystem). Index
Thematic Mapper (TM) is one of the sensor systems carried on Landsat 4 and 5 satellites. The TM acquires surface reflectance (brightness) data in 6 visible and infrared bands, at a pixel size of 30m. A simple thermal band acquires data in 60m pixels. In GLOBE, we will not be using any of the thermal data. Index
Thunder is the sound that results from lightning. A lightning bolt produces an intense burst of heat which makes the air around it expand explosively, producing the sound we hear as thunder. Since light travels faster than sound, we see the lightning before we hear the thunder. The difference in time between the two can tell us how far away the clouds producing the lightning and thunder are. Index
Thunderstorm is a local storm resulting from rising warm humid air, which produces lightning and therefore thunder, usually accompanied by rain or hail, gusty winds, and strong vertical air motion. Index
Tornado is a strong, rotating column of air extending from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud to the ground. These twisting, spinning funnels of low pressure air are the most unpredictable weather event, created during powerful thunderstorms. Index
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) is an instrument, first flown on NASA's Nimbus-7 satellite, whose primary function is to monitor global ozone. TOMS has been delivering ozone data since 1979, providing high-resolution mapping of total ozone, from the ground to the top of the atmosphere, on a daily basis. TOMS provided the first maps of the ozone hole and continues to monitor this phenomenon. Index
Trade Winds are global-scale winds in the tropics that blow generally toward to west in both hemispheres (from the Northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere). These steady winds are called trade winds because they provided trade ships with a sailing route to the "New World," America. Index
Transpiration is the transfer of water from plants to the atmosphere; water is taken up by the roots of plants and released as water vapor by the leaves. Index
Tropical Cyclone is a low-pressure weather system in the tropics in which the central core is warmer than the surrounding atmosphere. A tropical storm is a tropical cyclone with winds from 39 to 74 miles per hour. When winds exceed 74 miles per hour, the cyclone is called a hurricane. Index
Tropics refers to the region of Earth from latitude 23.5. north (the Tropic of Cancer) southward across the equator to latitude 23.5. south (the Tropic of Capricorn). This region has relatively small daily and seasonal changes in temperature, but great seasonal changes in precipitation. Index
Tropospheric Ozone refers to ozone (O3) in the region of the atmosphere that extends from Earth's surface to about 7 miles up. As opposed to stratospheric ozone (the "good ozone" that protects us from excess ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun), tropospheric ozone or "bad ozone," results from the interaction of nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and sunlight. Most of the pollutants which lead to the formation of tropospheric ozone come from automobiles, power plants, and other human activities. In many cities, ozone is a significant health problem; 98 U.S. cities have higher concentrations of ozone than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency finds acceptable. Ozone also causes $3 to 5 billion a year in lost crop production and significant losses in forest products. Tropospheric ozone is also a significant greenhouse gas. Index
Typhoon is a tropical cyclone with winds 75 miles per hour or greater in the northwest Pacific ocean. In other parts of the world, such storms have different names, such as hurricanes. Index
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is the energy range just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. Most UV is blocked by earth's atmosphere (particularly the stratospheric ozone layer) but some solar UV penetrates and aids in plant photosynthesis and the production of Vitamin D in humans. Too much UV can burn the skin, cause skin cancer and cataracts, and damage vegetation. Index
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are precursors of tropospheric ozone and photochemical smog. They are produced by human activities including the use of dry cleaning solvents. Index
Volcano is a naturally occurring vent or fissure at Earth's surface through which erupt molten, solid, and gaseous materials. Volcanic eruptions inject large quantities of dust, gas, and aerosols into the atmosphere and can thus cause temporary climatic cooling. Index
Watershed is a catch basin that guides all precipitation and runoff (water, sediment, and dissolved materials) to a common watercourse or body of water. Index
Water vapor is the invisible, gaseous form of water. Index
Wind is a natural motion of the air, especially a noticeable current of air moving in the atmosphere parallel to Earth's surface. Winds are caused by uneven heating and cooling of the Earth and atmosphere. Index
Wind Shear is a sudden change in wind speed or direction. Index
Younger Dryas is the name for a cold climatic event lasting about 1500 years which interrupted the warming of the Earth after the last ice age. Index
Zooplankton are minute forms of animal life in the ocean which feed on phytoplankton (minute plant life). Index
[an error occurred while processing this directive]
Copyright ©2014, WCHS-TV8. All rights reserved.
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or distributed.
WCHS ABC 8 provides local news, weather forecasts, traffic updates, notices of events and items of interest in the community, sports and entertainment programming for Charleston and nearby towns and communities in the Tri-State area, including Huntington, Dunbar, Marmet, Montgomery, Nitro, South Charleston, St. Albans, Cedar Grove, Chesapeake, Clendenin, East Bank, Glasgow, Pratt, Cross Lanes, Elkview, Pinch, Sissonville, Big Chimney, Cabin Creek, Chelyan, Davis Creek, Institute, Jefferson, Loudendale, Mink Shoals, Pocatalico, Quick, Quincy, Rand, Buffalo, Eleanor, Hurricane, Nitro, Poca, Winfield, Culloden, Fraziers Bottom, Hometown, Red House, Scott Depot, Teays Valley, Danville, Madison, Hamlin, Logan, Chapmanville, Man, Delbarton, Kermit, Gilbert, Matewan, Williamson, Summersville, Richwood, Flatwoods, Gassaway, Sutton, Spencer, Ravenswood, Ripley, Mason, Point Pleasant, Ashland, Pikeville, Ironton, Portsmouth, Gallipolis, and Athens.