text:
Why Germany's Nuclear Phase Out is Leading to More Coal Burning
In September 2012 Germany's Environment Minister opened a new lignite power plant, arguing the following: "If one builds a new state-of-the-art lignite power plant to replace several older and much less efficient plants, then I feel this should also be acknowledged as a contribution to our climate protection efforts."
Peter Altmaier is not alone, recently the climate benefits of Germany's new and apparently ultra-efficient coal power plants have been extolled not only by manufacturers such as Siemens and power companies including RWE, but even some of the German nuclear phase out's most vocal proponents.
We are also now seeing increasing numbers of people suddenly noticing an uptick in coal power, and deciding it has little to do with Germany's decision to move away from nuclear energy. These arguments however require both an alternative arithmetic, and an alternative history. Here is why.
In the aftermath of Fukushima, Germany prematurely shut 8 nuclear power plants. Respect for arithmetic and the intelligence of my readers dictates that I do not explain why this should lead to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions. However, the relationship between Germany's nuclear phase out and the construction of new coal power plants deserves an explanation.
Between 2011 and 2015 Germany will open 10.7 GW of new coal fired power stations. This is more new coal coal capacity than was constructed in the entire two decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The expected annual electricity production of these power stations will far exceed that of existing solar panels and will be approximately the same as that of Germany's existing solar panels and wind turbines combined. Solar panels and wind turbines however have expected life spans of no more than 25 years. Coal power plants typically last 50 years or longer. At best you could call the recent developments in Germany's electricity sector contradictory.
(Coal production: author's calculation based on 80% load factor projected by Pöyry. Wind and solar production from Fraunhofer ISE. )
These new power plants are sometimes blamed by nuclear proponents on the post-Fukushima decision to shut all nuclear power plants by 2022. This is a myth. Any large piece of infrastructure takes a long time to build, and Germany simply could not respond to Fukushima by building new coal power plants at this scale and speed. Investment decisions for these power plants were made in 2005-2008 (see table 2 here). In response supporters of the nuclear phase out claim this shows that construction of new coal power plants have nothing to do with Germany's decision to phase out nuclear energy. This however is historical revisionism.
A terse history lesson. In the year 2000 the government of Gerhard Schröder announced that all of Germany's nuclear power plants must close by 2022, and this was passed into law in 2002.. This policy was revised by Angela Merkel in September 2010 to extend the lives of nuclear power plants so that the phase out would occur by 2032. Then after Fukushima, Merkel wisely or opportunistically - take your pick - decided to revert largely to the earlier phase out plan, closing eight nuclear power plants immediately and ruling that all would close by 2022.
The policy to phase out nuclear power was vital to the decisions to build new coal power plants. Closing down a quarter of your electricity generation leaves a gap that must be filled by something, and Germany realised it would largely have to be filled by one thing: coal. This is more or less beyond doubt, because Germany's then Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel said so. Gabriel, now Germany's Minister for Energy and Economics told climate scientist James Hansen that Germany had to build new coal power plants because of its nuclear phase out, and stated elsewhere that Germany would have to build 8 to 12 coal power plants to replace its nuclear fleet.
And this is exactly what he got. In the first half of this decade Germany will open 9 new coal power plants.
Authored by:
Robert Wilson
Robert Wilson is a PhD Student in Mathematical Ecology at the University of Strathclyde.
His secondary interests are energy and the environment and writes on these issues at The Energy Collective.
Follow him on Twitter: @countcarbon
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Falken Hagen says:
Another contributor to the German coal boom was the original concept of the German government to provide (efficient) new coal plants with carbon emission rights for fre. If the prices for emission rights had stayed high, that would have been equivalent to a subsidy of a quite large share of the investment scosts of new coal plants.
The start of planning for most (if not all) new coal power plants in Germany dates from this period.
Even when these subsidy plans were ultimately banned by the European Union, which did not permit that kind of allocation of emission rights, the damage was done: Planning for new coal plants, that had been started and progressed to a certain extent, was usually not stopped, and final investment decisions (which now appear to be a mistake) to build the plants were ultimately made.
Brian Donovan says:You need to separate German electrical production from German consumption of electric. Coal is for exports, purely for gov subsidize profit, not because of NPP phase out. http://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/veroeffentlichungen-pdf-dateien-en/studien-und-konzeptpapiere/recent-facts-about-photovoltaics-in-germany.pdf
Bas Gresnigt says:
The facts contradict the assumption that Germany moves towards more coal.
Coal consumption went down during the last 6 years, while Germany closed 8 NPP's in 2011.
This graph shows it:
They closed more coal capacity than building new.
All base-load plants have to be replaced because those cannot compete in an environment with substantial wind and solar.
So the utilities close all coal base-load plants (efficiency ~35%), and replace part by flexible coal plants which use fluidized bed technology.
Those new plants also have substantial higher efficiecy (~45%) which explains the absence of opposition by the greens. Expecially since the new plants also exhaust hardly any toxic NOx's (which the old plants did), thanks to the low temperature burning of this 'new' technology.
Willem Post says:
Here are the coal TWh for the past 6 years:
Braunkolle 158.3 in 1991, and 150.6, 145.6, 145.9, 150.1, 160.7, 162,0 in 2008 - 2013
Steinkolle 149.8 in 1991, and 148.8, 107.9, 117.0, 112.4, 116.4, 124,0 in 2008 - 2013
Total coal 308.1 in 1991, and 299.4, 253.5, 262.9, 262.5, 277.1, 286.0 in 2008 - 2013
German Energy Balance
Late-vintage, modern, coal-fired plants are more efficient, have less CO2 emissions, gram/kWh than older plants near retirement.
Jeff Baker says:
I, a minimally educated layman, recently witnessed the claim that Germany was "building coal plants as fast as it can", and this seemed suspect, in light of what I know about their renewable energy goals. In just a few minutes with Google I found enough factual data to totally refute that claim, and as it happens, to reject the conclusions drawn here from one single cherry-picked data point. Here are the problems with this article:
1. It never even bothers to take a position regarding the opening quote with the claim that these are replacements and not an overall expansion. It just goes off on tangents from there.
2. Purports to address, but ultimately oversimplifies, the issue of the planning history behind these plants, claiming historical revisionism while still acknowledging that the plans predate the acceleration of the nuclear shutdown. The fact that weaning off nuclear was bound to increase the total amount of coal used during the ramp-up of renewables, does not prove that coal usage is increasing now (it's not), let alone that the acceleration of nuclear retirements is responsible.
3. It never even asks the question of whether the minister's claim is true and Germany is closing numerous coal plants (it is), and if so, whether the amount of coal generation capacity being taken offline is sufficient to offset the recently built and planned new coal plants (it appears that it is).
4. It minimizes the impact of Germany's unprecedented growth in renewables, which continues to exceed targets and can be reasonably expected to take up some of the shortfall that results from nuclear shutdowns.
Robert Wilson says:
All of your comments are just old fashioned whataboutery. But I'll address them nonetheless.
1. By "more coal burning" I obviously mean "more coal burning than if the nuclear phase out did not occur", which ought to be obvious to anyone.
2. The plans to build these new coal plants do not pre-date the nuclear phase out policy. This was first passed into law in 2002, as the article says. Please read the piece before saying I am wrong.
3. This again is what aboutery aimed at dodging the issue of whether Germany is building 11 GW of coal plants because of its nuclear phase out policy.
4. You say I minimize the impact of Germany's "unprecedented growth in renewables." This is just an assertion. Where have I minimised it, can you point me to the point in the article when I did this? And I would challenge the idea that Germany's growth in renewables is unprecedented. This language is far too strong. Less than 5% solar electricity. Less than 8% wind electricity. Given the scale of what is needed to deal with climate change these percentages are rather underwhelming, and even more underwhelming when you put them in terms of total energy consumption and not just electricity.
Math Geurts says:
A lot of numbers and facts. Unfortunately in German: "Energiewende ins Nichts" ?
Bas Gresnigt says:
Thank you for this very interesting presentation!
In summary:
The presenter is a wellknown German economist who made calculations on his own, and concluded / explains that Germany misses the storage facilities for 100% renewable energy generated by wind+solar only. So the only solution is to rely on nuclear energy.
Regarding Germany's storage facilities I agree as they have only 35 small pumped storage facilities at the moment (building new ones stopped, as existing ones make a loss due to the overcapacity which causes that the wholesale price <4.5cent nearly all the time).
He further states that electricity to natural gas conversion and storage of the gas is no solution, as Russia would not accept that they have to take gas back and store it in their gasfield (apart from the long transport line).
Here he misses that we, the Dutch, would be very happy to store such gas in our gasfield (we have an earthquake issue because we deplete our gasfield to fast). And our gasfield is quite near the German border and has already big pipes intor Germany (we deliver part of our gas to Germany).
In the discussion it shows that he also missed:
- the huge pumped storage capacities of Norway, which can be developed further easily as those are in uninhabitated areas in the north. Statkraft (Norway's state utillity) would be happy to serve Germany more, They do that already (also for Netherlands and Denmark).
- the present gas storage facilities inside Germany. Bayern has already gas stored for 36TWh (which implies that 10GW power plant capacity can run during ~4 months on it, so enough to pass the winter).
- extension of the grid / long distance powerlines to e.g. Greece (for solar, Greece made a proposal for that), Desetec, etc.
Furthermore he misses the electricity-to-fuel conversion (e.g. BMW has a pilot plant of 2MW producing fuel for its cars. Such fuel is much easier to store than gas.
Regarding nuclear and radiation, it showed that he really does not have any knowledge.
Despite that, he showed for me why Merkel did not agree last autumn to enhance the Energiewende target for 2050 from 80% renewable towards 90% renewable (what the SPD, her new coalition partner wants). It is not sure yet, that 90% in 2050 is reachable against affordable costs.
Zoran Oštrić says:
The analysis miss on important point: comparision with natural gas. Dinamic between use of coal and natural gas in electricity production is important.
German maximum production of electricity from coal was in 1984.: 329 TWh (source: data.worldbank.org). Minimum in 2009: 259 TWh. Then it rise in 2010. and 2012, and it was 286 TWh in 2012..
Production from natural gas was 28 TWh in 1985, arised to 87 TWh in 2010, and then climbed to 70 Twh in 2012.. Gas in expensive in Europe, for price is tied with the price of oil. Prices of coal on global market fell in last 5 years. And another reason for partial turn toward coal vs. gas is geo-strategic: they dont like a dependence of an import from Russia. Russia cut export to Ukraina and the West in January 2006. and January 2009..
It's also important that German strategic goal is to reduce electricity consumption in 2020. for 10% in comparison with 2005.. and to produce 35% of it from renewables (incl. HE). Nuclear energy produces 99 TWh in 2012. nad renewables except hydro 115 TWh. The last will be increased, total consumption (if they realise the goal) less for about 50 TWh. They are no room for increase of coal, except, and only partialy, with decrease of gas. Probably old coal power plants will be closed. And new coal plants are also much more flexible, near to gas plants. And Germany also strongly suported deployment of energy storage systems
Zoran Oštrić says:
Some additional numbers about electricity in Germany 2005-2013-2020.
Total production in 2013: 629 TWh.
Total consumption: 596 TWh (-3,0% in comparision with 2005.), nett export 33.
Production from nuclear: 97,0
Production from renewables: 147,1
Production from fossil fuels: 384,9
Production in 2020. (goal): 552,7 (-10% of 2005.)
Production of renewables in 2020 (goal): 193,4 (35% of consumption).
Needed grow of renewables in 7 years (2013.-2020): +46,3 TWh.
Grow in former 4 years (2009.-2013.): +52,2 Twh.
Let us suppose that all nuclear reactors are closed in 2020.. It means, needed production from fossil fuels 2020. is 359,3 TW - less then production in 2013.. It could be less gass, a little more coal.
After that, an additional decrease of totall consumption is projected, and increase of renewables (50% in 2030). It means, strong decrease of fossil fuells (around 270 TWh 2030.).
The new coal plants are constructed to work 4.000 hours per year and not 7.000, and flexible.
Projected consumption in 2050.: 461 TWh, renewables 80%, i.e. fosil fuels = 92 TWh.
Bas Gresnigt says:
"<i>..The policy to phase out nuclear power was vital to the decisions to build new coal power plants...</i>"
This suggests that nuclear electricity is replaced by electricity produced by coal plants.
That is wrong and will stay wrong in next years.
In 2013 renewable produced ~23% and nuclear ~16% of Germany's electricity (figures from BDEW. E.g: http://www.germanenergyblog.de/?p=15110)
In 2025 renewable will produce 45% of all electricity (recent updated target).
So the share of renewable will grow with ~2%/year.
That implies that the share of renewable will grow with 18% in the 9 years between 2013 and 2022.
So that overcompensates the loss of all nuclear!
Same applies for the past:
If one counts all closed nuclear production since 2000 (the start of the energie wende) and compare that with new installed production, than you also see that new renewable produce more than closed nuclear did.
Germany installed new coal plants, replacing the old plants, because the old plants are not flexible enough and less efficient. The more efficient new plants imply less CO2.
Furthermore (thanks to the low temperature circulating fluidized bed process) they:
1- produce far less toxic's (NOx, etc); and
2- can also burn mixes of lignite, biomass, waste, coal, fuel; and
3- can be up- and down regulated faster and deeper (no need for baseload plants in the new era; last autumn there were days in which Denmark's wind turbines produced all electricity, and Denmark will install 40% more capacity before 2020)
4- most of these new plants are situated at open lignite mines, so no transport costs or GHG. This makes them extremely cost efficient.
So, yes German utilities close all the old plants (while the are technical still fine), because they are at the end of their economical life cycle. Continue with the old plants bring only losses.
And anyway they have no future in a near 100% renewable situation, while the new plants than can burn waste, biomass and synthetic fuel produced out of surplus electricity (BMW has a 2MW pilot plant running that produces car fuel out of electricity and CO2! Many other projets going on).
Mike Holly says:
@Bas Your interpretation of Germany's future plans is not very convincing. Like nuclear plants, coal-powered plants using circulating fluidized bed have very high capital costs. They are not compatible with wind and solar since the costs of load following are very high in idled capacity alone. Gas plants are the most economic for load following of wind and solar. Moreover, it makes no sense to invest heavily in something that will be phased out. Using biomass may prevent a phase out, but then the fuel costs go way up. Far better to use biomass at decentralized cogeneration plants. I doubt Germany is relying on pilot technology. I will have to go with the authors explanation.
Willem Post says:
Germany does not have any spare land for growing biomass in meaningful quantities, because of low energy density, W/sq meter.
The world's best approach to reduce CO2 is that of France with 80% nuclear, AND the lowest CO2 emissions of any industrialized nation in the world, AND among the lowest electricity costs, c/kWh, in Europe.
Much of German energy-intensive heavy industry will move to France, Poland, the Czech Republic, etc., which have low energy costs, to survive on the world market.
Normal 0 0 1 316 1806 15 3 2217 11.0 0 0 0
Rich, smug, Germany is finally beginning to realize its RE leadership will go nowhere without other, poorer nations following them. German household electric rates at 29.5 eurocent/kWh are the 2nd highest in Europe, after Denmark.
In fact, by charging ahead, as Germany has been doing with much hubris, they will harm their formidable economy relative to competitors. France, 80% nuclear, much lower CO2 emissions than Germany, is smiling, while at the same time professing to be "onboard" for RE.
It is useful to look at rich Germany regarding renewable energy costs of its ENERGIEWENDE.
For the years 2008 -2013, payments to RE generators were 9.0, 10.8, 13.2, 16.8, 21.1, 22.9 billion euros
For the same years, the RE energy costs were 0.1265, 0.1433, 0.1603, 0.1629, 0.1783, 0.1730 euro/kWh; note the rising trend.
Because of additional payments (subsidies) to impacted companies, the actual RE costs are higher, to result is 0.2047 euro/kWh for 2013, instead of 0.1730 euro/kWh.
For the years 2008 – 2013, the RE was sold by utilities for 4.3, 5.5, 3.8, 5.8, 5.1, 6.7 billion euros on the open market, or for 0.0604, 0.0730, 0.0462, 0.0562, 0.0431, 0.0506 euro/kWh, i.e., sold at about 1/4 of the cost.
People think the Germans are so smart, but selling an item at 1/4 of the cost is stupid, AND unsustainable.
I, and many others, have been writing about this for some time, and it seems to have finally sunk in at the highest level.
To limit the damage of RE follies to rich German's heavy industries, traditional utilities, and other businesses, Germany's government has decided to reduce all RE subsidies, effective at start of 2015, from a weighted average of 0.1730 euro/kWh in 2013, to a weighted average of 0.12 euro/kWh in 2015. This is not a trivial reduction, as it will significantly slow the build-out of RE systems all over Germany, including offshore wind turbine plants.
RE businesses, et al., howled, but there was a big sigh of relief from other households and businesses, as sanity appears to have prevailed after all.
Mike Holly says:
I never said Germany should get all of its power from biomass. Nor do I think they should only use nuclear - unless they want to take a chance on having their country become another Fukushima.
Bas Gresnigt says:
Willem,At this page you can see the Feed-in-Tariffs (FiT) including those in previous years:
In 2009 the FiT for big solar was 0.33 euro/kWh
March 2012 the FiT for big solar was reduced to 0.13 euro/Kwh.
Still more was installed than the grid could handle (wind+solar ~10GW in 2012).
So I doubt whether this new decrease will slow the installation rate much.
They will raise the share of renewable from ~23% now towards 45% in 2025 (increase 22%).
In the same period the will take off all nuclear which deliver 17%.
So renewable will not only fill the gap, but even overcompensate.
Willem Post says:
Normal 0 0 1 72 414 3 1 508 11.0 0 0 0 Revising Mandates and Targets: The newly-formed German coalition government wants to revise the share of RE in the German energy generation mix to be 40% to 45% by 2025, instead of the current 50% by 2030, and to be 55% to 60% by 2035, instead of current 65% by 2040, to increase flexibility.
The new German Economics and Energy minister, Sigmar Gabriel, stated green energy mandates have become such an albatross around the neck of industry that they could lead to a "deindustrialization" of Germany.
Willem Post says:
That was the plan untill recently. Brussels caved, other POORER nations, Spain, Greece, etc., have more or less thrown in the towel.
Gabriel will reduce the weighted average of the feed-in tariffs, set caps on build-outs, monitor build-outs month-to-month, adjust feed-ins as needed to stay below caps.
Read my article again; the German section keeps expanding.
Bas Gresnigt says:
We will see. Until now the Germans always met the Energiewende targets. The next one is 35% renewable in 2020, so then we know. I bet they will meet it.
And of course, now that the Energiewende levy threatens to become substantial, they remix. So more cheap onshore wind & solar, and less offshore wind as that is still expensive.
I think that is a wise decision also from a technology point of view. Those offshore wind turbines should be developed further in such a way that they:
- do not need any maintenance (so no gearbox, may be superconducting magnets);
- have a life of 60 years;
- are >10MW (bigger lowers the costs of offshore more than onshore);
That should be possible as essentially it are rather simple machines.
Willem Post says:
You comments show you are not an engineer familiar with the technologies and design of utility-scale, electro-mechanical systems.
It would be less embarrassing, if you did not comment on THAT subject on this site.
10 MW wind turbines are far from simple machines and making them last 60 years has NEVER been achieved with any major, utility-scale mechanical system in a marine environment.
Bas Gresnigt says:
I know it is not easy to make 10MW wind turbines that require little maintenance and last 60years.
But these machines are much simpler than planes, which endure bigger temperature and pressure ranges, and also last up to 60years.
Mechanically: Since they can be made without a gearbox, the parts that can wear are essentially two bearings for the main spindle, and the bearings & servos that arrange the position the nacelle and the rotors. And with good design, failing servo's, etc. can be replaced.
So essentially this leaves us with ~6 big bearings that have to last 60years.
Once development of these machines leave their present infant status, there is no doubt this will occur.
Robert Bernal says:
By the time Germany goes even 50% renewable, the developing nations will be consuming more than the West, causing fossil fuels to become too expensive, and efficiency and conservation can only go so far.
Humanity in depletion mode will probably be more detrimental to the biosphere than excess CO2. When that happens, there will not be enough energy to mine all the resources to build the hundreds of thousands of square miles necessary for solar (and "magically cheap" storage) to do any real good.
A world with less energy is a world at war.
Therefore, the obvious path to take is the development of the source that is intrinsically less expensive, providing base load power and that is fossil free. It needs to be some sort of a passively safe molten fuels reactor design produced in a factory setting.
Bas Gresnigt says:
" <em>By the time Germany goes even 50% renewable</em>"
That was at 2030, but after the recent elections they increased the goal for 2030 towards 55-60% renewable.
" <em> Humanity in depletion mode ... A world with less energy is a world at war...</em>"
Not so pessimistic. One of the targets of the Energiewende is less energie consumption.
And the Germans succeed. Their consumption is going down for many years with about 2%/year.
While their economy is going better than any other economy in the EU (e.g. hardly any budget defizit)!
Far better than 'similar' but nuclear countries France and UK.
German economists say that the Energiewende is an important contribution to their success, as it creates many jobs (isolating houses, exporting wind turbine and know how, etc).
"<em>the source that is intrinsically less expensive, providing base load power and that is fossil free. It needs to be some sort of a passively safe molten fuels reactor design </em>"
USA tried similar at Oak Ridge during ~6years. Not a real succes. Neither did breeders (look at the sad and expensive Japanese experience with Monju).
But no worry.
There is no need for those expensive (far more than solar/wind/storage) dreams.
Last year the world installed ~75GW wind+solar, growing with 20%/year.
Far more than nuclear (~1GW last year).
So the real solution is coming from wind + solar + (pumped)storage + electricity to fuel/gas conversions.
Robert Bernal says:
I like the idea of pumped storage. And I also like the idea of molten fuels closed cycle nuclear because they are melt down proof.
You say that Germany is learning how to use less energy. Is there any way to pump water using less energy, to grow food using less energy, and to develop the underdeveloped nations usig less energy? ONLY to the degree of the highest efficiency possible.
It's impossible to surpass the bounds of physics. Therefore, in order to power a completely developed planetary civilization (~10 billion happy humans) it will take close to a half a million square miles of solar (for just half) and millions of wind turbines (for the other half) and lots of pumped storage. This is possible but most of the enviro's simply won't allow that much land to be used.
I always like to make aware that it is best to advocate the least expensive sources. In order to do all that solar and wind, we will need lots of machine automation with very little profit motive to offsett the great material costs (and the cost of all that land). With nuclear, the material costs are FAR cheaper because there are FAR less materials (because the energy source is far denser.
The REAL problem is the add on costs aside from the intrinsic material costs. These are from silly nimbo's, fear mongers and so called enviro's that hate to see anything built except for that which is already built which supplies them. I guess such costs are also contributed by the power companies themselves who would like to make more, for less. Unfortunately, solar and wind is not exempt from these costs either!
bug menot says:
"USA tried similar at Oak Ridge during ~6years. Not a real success." You're talking about the molten salt (fluorides) research, right?
You seem to forget that the major reason why is that they were told to kill anything but solid-fuel reactors so we could get the nice and easy-to-use plutonium for our 1000's of nukes. People's careers were killed along with the projects related to liquid fuel systems. It worked but was deemed impractical for political needs of the time. It just plain didn't produce enough bomb-making material, in a an effective and easy enough manner. It's not like countries aren't relooking at this old idea.
I think it's ironic that the 'safer' molten salt reactor had issues that took decades before they were fixed. A working plant wouldn't have had these issues because you guessed it - they'd not just leave all those uranium fluorides just sitting in some storage tank breaking down (decomposing) into explosive (technically, strong oxydizer) gasses. http://web.ornl.gov/info/ridgelines/nov12/msre.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molten-Salt_Reactor_Experiment#Decommissioning
bug menot says:
You've obviously never dealt with government obstinance before... You practically have to beg to invest in nuclear power and have to bend over backwards to requirements of every senator and representative in the US Congress. If the DoD says we need 20000 nukes, by God we'll get them!
Mike Holly says:
@Bas: "So the real solution is coming from wind + solar + (pumped)storage + electricity to fuel/gas conversions."
"Great" solution if Germany wants to go broke converting expensive and unreliable electrical energy into another form and then back again.
Like "The Economist" says, Germany has already been forced to maintain global competitiveness by offering lower electricity prices to industrial consumers while sticking it to smaller consumers in violation of EU laws. They also say the nation is grasping for an energy miracle while kowtowing both its environmental lobby and powerful coal industry.
Bas Gresnigt says:
This year a German household pays ~€250 for the Energiewende. It may rise somewhat coming years (I expect less than 20%). Compare that to the average income of ~€35.000.
So we talk about <1%.
You should also take into account that the Energiewende created ~0,5million jobs which is substantial for a population of 81 million (renewable is local labor; oil/gas is import is money flowing out of the country; nuclear is little labor too).
German economist say that the Energiewende is on of the main causes that the German economy goes better than any other economy within the EU.
The other one is the flexible labor market, but has UK too. And UK goes far worse economically.
One may question whether the Energiewende does deliver more economic benefits than it costs.
This also explains the rising support under the population since they decided the Energiewende in 2000. Then ~55% now ~90%! Where do you find 90% support for nuclear?
Mike Holly says:
Expensive and intermittent wind and solar are an environmental charade for policymakers to claim they tried to move away from their dirty entrenched industries. But what you won't see are free markets that would allow these industries to really be replaced.
Bas Gresnigt says:
German electricity market is an open market.
Production facilities deliver at prices that are specified by market rules at the Leipzig exchange (the necessary volume is delivered at the price for which the lowest bidder delivers the last necessary MWh. Prices are fixed every 15 minutes; of course also future trading). Anybody can start a powerplant if he satisfies the environmental rules, etc.
It has the benefit of low prices, and the drawback that utilities can build overcapacity as they did. So they now have to take losses as wholesale prices in Germany are extremely low.
Even the grid is free but bound by more rules. So the Dutch state owned grid operator, Tenant, bought and operates ~30% of the German grid.
You can also start selling electricity without owing any production facility; you just buy at the Leipzig exchange and can stabilize your purchace prices by buying futures.
So you see in Germany 3 major grid operators, ~10 producers (most also sell to consumers), and hundreds of sellers to consumers.
Mandy Meikle says:
As energy demand rises, we will attempt to meet that demand - as long as it is financially viable, of course. However, 'solutions' involving models with continued economic growth as a given are going to get it wrong.
This argument about renewables not being up to the job of replacing fossil fuels is correct. They can't in a system with a fossil-fuel based infrastructure. We have to change how we generate, distribute and use energy. That involves moving away from large, centralised answers - whether massive (but really efficient) coal plants, nuclear or some Desertec-esque solar array.
If we don't seriously consider energy demand reduction now, 50 years after we started understanding the physics and the economic impact of oil well depletion, then we're wasting what affordable (easy) energy we have left building maladaptive solutions. I can't think of any renewable device which can be produced without any fossil fuel energy input. We have to consider net energy returns - for all solutions.
It's no longer just about how much energy can be produced, as it was when crude shot out of the ground with a return of 100:1 or more, but at what energy cost? What's the balance once we account for the input? For example, as conventional reserves of oil and gas decline around the globe, rather than thinking, 'shit, that's a good thing gone, now how are we going to live?', we are carrying on as ever by switching to non-conventional tight formations and tar sands. Lower quality resources requiring more energy in per unit extracted.
Anyone interested in such things might find these articles of interest
Yes, it's gloomy stuff, which is probably why it is largely ignored: it's not the answer we want to hear. No politician with a chance of election will stand on a zero-growth, consume less platform. We want there to be a more palatable solution - if we can just hang on for 50 years, 'free' energy or some such will be discovered. What if it isn't?
Robert Bernal says:
I don't think it is possible to power 10 billion people at even a minimum of necessary modern infrastructure without have to use more than what the world "wastefully" uses now. Therefore the need for lots of cheap, energy dense power, whether centralized or not.
Willem Jan Oosterkamp says:
In the Netherlands four new coal powerstations have been build by German utilities. They are intended for the German market. The situation of the big utilities is precarious as ther eis a large overcapacity. Mainly due to energy efficiency and the close down of energy intensive industries like aluminum producers.
Willem Jan Oosterkamp
Willem Post says:
Is not it wonderful Germany was able to build these plants with relatively low cost energy and materials made from low-cost nuclear and fossil fuels?
If those plants had to be built with energy and materials only made from RE (say by government mandate, or a high carbon tax), their capital costs would have been at least double or triple.
It is good for mankind RE is still a very small part of all energy use in the world.
Bas Gresnigt says:
Willem Jan,
The Dutch energy intensive aluminum smelter closed because it could not compete against the German smelters as the whole sale electricity prices in Germany are much lower.
Our national grid operator Tenant (Dutch government owned), should have installed the extra high capacity interconnections with Germany already a year ago. It was 4 years ago already clear that the German whole sale price levels would go far below ours, taking into account the Energiewende regulations in Germany.
But Tenant only recently decided to install more interconnection capacity...
And they could have installed it easily as they own and manage also the western parts of the German grid. So it was only an internal operation for them.
Taking also into account they paid many billions euro's to much for those old German grid parts (which now have to be upgraded), our government should replace topmanagement of Tenant as they are clearly not capable to look a few years ahead.
Due to their ignorance, we in NL pay more for electricity than necessary.
ionut nebel says:
Coal is at fingertips of big enteprises, as long as it is, behind these enteprises are big bosses and politicians, they want to make money. Behind this is only an economical reason.
As long are poor ones that fill good to pay bills the affair goes on.
I am no loger one of them, i fill so bad that I am unable to work, psychological damages are shown by a hi mistake rate.
But renewable except hydro, have no a built in storage, they are uncomplete.
I can not operate my solar array whitout battery stack even on grid, usually home appliances are not steady loads, they draw on high and short peacks, worse more of them are not simple resistors, generate reactive power and harmonic distortions.
Usually energy gages give wrong readings on short peacks and distortions.
I tested only my battery on grid at steady intake from grid via a power factor corrector and harmonic cleaner.
the appliances run on inverter powerwred by battery. despite battery charging efficiency, the reading was lower by 10% compared whit running them directly on grid identical times.
If home producers offer some storage services may they are wellcome in the grid.
I fill cofortable if my storage is 120h own consuming, but economical is 24h to ensure daily ballance.
For 24h a hi rate lifepo4 battery is required, lead acid ruins fast. For 48h or more lead acid is satisfactory.
Kevin Lynn says:I don't disagree with anything in the article per say. But, what is today is not the way things will be in the future. Germany's population which is roughly the size of Egypt's in terms of numbers is growing at a -.002% (that's right negative). Probably more accurate to say it is declining. Hence, Germany's population will be roughly half of what it is today in 70 years. They are with little fanfare backing themselves into a sustainable future. Granted, in the short run it will be more brown but to quote one economic philosopher, "demographics is destiny." Contrast that to California which recently to the San Onofre nuclear power plant offline. SoCal lost roughly 18% of its electricity generating capability. The only way to make up for that is natural gas, which will lead to more fracking and no hope of a happy ending because it's population is not declining. The current rate of increase is just about 1.2%. So, in 70 years it will almost double. That is bleak. . . .
Mark Goldes says:
New science is emerging which can inexpensively replace fossil fuels far faster.
A prototype program is developing a NO FUEL PISTON ENGINE that will run 24/7 on atmospheric heat. The solar resource known as Atmospheric heat contains many thousands of times the total energy available from all of the fossil fuels. This untapped source of energy can at last be utilized.
See www.aesopinstitute.org to understand why and how.
SECOND LAW SURPRISES on that site discusses the potential, difficult for most scientists to believe, to circumvent the Second Law of Thermodynamics in suitably designed heat engines.
These engines, and FUEL-FREE TURBINES that follow, will exhaust cold air. Many millions of them of all sizes could slow climate change.
A few scientists post extensive rants in the erroneous belief that such claims must reflect dishonesty and fraud. Working prototypes validated by independent laboratories will prove them wrong in the not-too-distant future.
Desktop examples will be first, followed by 1,000 watt emergency generators. Home power units are also on the agenda.
FUEL-FREE TURBINES promise hybrid cars and trucks with unlimited range, able to sell power to utilities when suitably parked, perhaps eventually paying for themselves. No wires needed.
Similar turbines will power propeller driven aircraft of all sizes in the future.
These engines will signal the dawn of a new age of cost competitive green energy.
Danny Easterling says:
I extensively read the aseop website and it was filled with gobblegook, not engineering. And applications for patents were withdrwan, not a good sign.
It falls under the if its too good to be true rule.
Mark Goldes says:
No applications for patents by AESOP Institute have been withdrawn.
You were reading an application by a Russian inventor which was never completed. We have developed proprietary turbines designed to run on atmosperic heat and pressure and are preparing a patent application. We have included the Russian work as it pioneered such turbines. Since the Russian economy depends on revenue from oil and this turbine was aimed at eliminating the need for fuel for transportation, the withdrawal may reflect Russian government pressure.
I suggest you read SECOND LAW SURPRISES on the website if you are seeking engineering.
Skepticicm is understandable until independent labs validate these engines.
Danny Easterling says:
The logic is irrefutable...if you don't use nuclear you gotta burn more fossil fuels.
Extend the logic and the greens will have us burning animal dung in front of caves in an attempt to stay warm, all the while wondering what happened to their perfect world.
James Hopf says:
Obviously, a CO2 tax or cap-and-trade system, which creates a disincentive to emit CO2 and lets the market decide how to respond, is the most efficient and cost-effective way to reduce CO2 emissions.
However, Germany's experience shows that if you insist on a simplistic, ham-fisted, govt. mandate approach, you should ban coal, as opposed to requiring renewables. That is, a better policy would be that you *must not* build (or perhaps even operate) coal, as opposed to you *must* build renewables.
That would solve most of the problems being reported here. The result (compared to the renewables mandate/subsidy approach) would be far greater reductions in air pollution and far lower cost. And of course, another lesson is that mandating the closure of existing nucleasr capacity, that generates huge amounts of emissions-free power at a very low, stable (going forward) cost, is decidedly unhelpful to any emissions reduction effort. Or effort to maintain grid stability...., or effort to keep power costs down....
Willem Post says:
An excellent article regarding some history of coal fired generation in Germany.
"The expected annual electricity production of these power stations will far exceed that of existing solar panels and will be approximately the same as that of Germany's existing solar panels and wind turbines combined."
That is a true statement, Btu wise, but the quality of wind and solar energy is so poor that it needs to be supported by OTHER generators to be useful on the grid, and their unsubsidized production cost is so high.
German households and businesses will be glad to burn their own, domestic, low-cost coal, instead of importing expensive gas from Russia, to minimize any further increases in already-high EEG charges on their electric bills.
Because these coal plants are so efficient, less capacity, MW, is needed to produce the same energy and that energy has less fuel cost/kWh and less CO2 emission per kWh than older, less efficient coal plants.
Replacing old, inefficient coal plants and old, inefficient nuclear plants with these new, highly-efficient coal plants with the latest air quality control systems may well lead to less coal consumption, less particulate emissions and less CO2 emissions for the same energy, TWh/yr, production.
With more flexible, efficient coal generation North and South, wind and solar energy can be better balanced with less extensive future HVDC North-South overlay grids, less use of neighbor balancing capacity, less use of expensively fueled CCGTs, i.e., less requirements for capital; energy and other resources (less CO2); and O&M (less CO2).
Germany is showing the US a very smart way to replace old coal and old nuclear plants with new coal plants.
The recent EPA CO2 emission edicts for NEW coal plants aims to prevent the building of new coal plants in the US; a short-sighted, dumb measure to say the least.
Robert Bernal says:
I can't fathom why anyone would justify the expense on a new coal plant when it is cheaper (and cleaner) to do NG. I believe clean coal plants require more energy input to make them more efficient as well.
Robert Bernal says:
I guess, that means that coal is estimated to be cheaper than gas in the long run despite that coal would be charged extra should a CO2 tax be levied (or for energy costs of CCS)? Perhaps the actual capacity is cheaper to build?
I got to agree with you because, well yep, I didn't do the detailed math (and I don't like the idea of burning coal for so long into the future).
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"Martin"the U.K. continued to roll back their domestic promotion of renewables and efficiency. All of these countries are dealing with legitimate issues related to taxpayer and ratepayer cost -- but advocates and businesses say none of them have put in place plans that would provide both certainty and cost efficiency."I disagree on this somewhat as to what standard are you holding the UK to? ..."
"Yes, I agree with your ideas. Nuclear power plays a vital role in climate solution. Nuclear power provides 19% of total U.S. electricity production with necessarily 0 greenhouse gas emissions. As renewable sources, like wind and solar, don't supply reliable baseload power, any additional loss of nuclear generating capacity might result in increased carbon dioxide emissions that make it harder ..."
"Dear Ivy, It is more than a little bit ludicrous to punish Nuclear power simply because it is reliable and present 90% of the time. For some strange reason "renewablers" want to use variable and unreliable, intermittent sources instead of reliable nuclear power. Moreover, your facts are a ..."
"Good catch Keith! There was some conflicting info in that report. Will try to revise if possible. Thanks."
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November 27, 2015
Stay Connected Anywhere
Washburn was picked ninth in the MIAA preseason poll announced Thursday and voted on by the league head coaches. The Ichabods are coming off an 8-19 season last year in which they finished last in the MIAA at 4-14.
Head coach Bob Chipman will return for his 29th season at Washburn with four seniors on the team and three returning starters. Joining the six total returning letter-winners will be eight newcomers and a returning redshirt.
Northwest Missouri State was selected to repeat as league champions after sharing the title with Central Missouri last year. The Mules were selected second in the poll. Washburn received 26 points in the voting, one less than No. 8 Truman and four more than 10th-ranked Missouri Southern.
The Ichabods will tip off the season with a pair of exhibitions against Division I schools. They will play at UNLV November 6 and then at UMKC November 13. The regular season will begin with a game at DI Kansas November 15. The first home games will be during the Topeka Capitol Plaza/WIBW Holiday Tournament on November 23-24 at Lee Arena.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Critical TopicsAir Freight Management Customs Brokers Trade Compliance Global Trade Intermodal and Rail Freight Mobile & Wireless Motor Freight Management Ocean Freight Management Ports and Infrastructure Software & Technology Sustainability Third Party Logistics Transportation Management Systems Warehouse & Distribution Center Warehouse Management Systems All critical topics or View all topics
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Current news, information and trends in the ocean freight industry covering freight lines, carriers, logistics and classification.
Ocean Freight Management ResourcesState of Container Shipping White Paper - Understand the Impact
Asia-EU ocean cargo trade lane heats up
Posted 12/27 · 11:46 AM · LM EditorialCompetition on the Asia-Europe trade will get even more intense next year as carriers are to restructure their networks and reshape their alliance partnerships, with more capacity additions on the horizon.
Seafarer's Homecoming
Posted 12/26 · 10:36 AM · LM EditorialDuring this season of giving, shippers should consider one organization that remains devoted to their interests
DHL Global Forwarding keeps focus on U.S. expansion
Posted 12/22 · 08:46 AM · LM EditorialDHL Global Forwarding, a subsidiary of global logistics and express delivery provider Deutsche Post DHL focused on air and ocean freight, has made it clear it is committed to expanding its presence in the United States market.
Shippers may now use muscle to avoid another "Occupy" event
Posted 12/21 · 06:31 PM · LM EditorialShippers told the Port of Oakland that it's time to get tough with the "Occupy" movement, or they will be moving their cargo through other ocean cargo gateways next year.
New CEO of Maersk Line named
Posted 12/19 · 04:28 PM · LM EditorialHaving brought the storied container line back to profitability, Eivind Kolding will soon be leaving Maersk Line as its chief executive officer
Clean trucks without Teamsters
Posted 12/18 · 09:41 PM · LM EditorialIn a little over three years, the Port of Long Beach's landmark Clean Trucks Program has helped clean up the busiest drayage truck fleet in the country and cut related air pollution by 90 percent.
Blogs • Ocean Freight • Trucking • Ocean Cargo •
Ocean shipping: November 2011 POLA/POLB volumes are mixed
Posted 12/16 · 01:37 PM · LM EditorialOnce again the driving force behind monthly POLA numbers was exports at 197,878 TEU, which is the single highest monthly total for exports, topping October's 193,548 TEU. November POLA exports were up 15.01 percent annually.
News • Ocean Freight • Port of Los Angeles • Port of Long Beach • Ocean • Ocean Shipping • TEU •
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Posted 12/15 · 05:59 PM · LM EditorialAs noted in our news section, there are several deserving projects directly related to seaports included in TIGER III awards.
AAPA applauds effort to expand and improve seaports
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SEO – What does it mean?
Updated: 03/05/2009 - Have you heard the term SEO? If you are not familiar with what it means, it stands for Search Engine Optimization. Here is how Wikipedia defines it; "Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving the volume and quality of traffic to a web site from search engines via "natural" ("organic" or "algorithmic") search results.


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Last December, I embarked once again on a media tour to discuss the results of our annual Wells Fargo Retirement Study, conducted in 3rd quarter 2011. While I feel it's imperative to get the word out on what Americans are really doing and thinking about retirement, I'm not really comfortable doing the media tour itself. I'm not one for the spotlight and no matter how often I participate in interviews I'm not sure this will ever fall squarely within my comfort zone. So imagine my ambivalence (okay, sheer anxiety) when invited to participate in CNBC's Power Lunch with Sue Herrera .
As it turned out, all that anxiety was a wasted effort. I actually enjoyed it immensely thanks to Sue. Instead of a busy, chaotic set, we were in a more intimate setting with an unobtrusive camera. It felt more like we were meeting for coffee, simply enjoying each other's company and conversation.
Our discussion focused on what the study told us about affluent Americans and their current state of retirement, especially those in their 60s and 70s. Somewhat alarmingly, one-third of affluent Americans between 60 and 75 years old told us they didn't know when they would be able to retire. While it's not unusual for those in their 40s or even late 50s to be uncertain about pinpointing a date for retirement, we generally assume those in their 60s or older have a good idea of when they will retire. Instead, many stated they may need to continue working well into their 80s. While many acknowledged they need to cut back on spending, they also indicated that they haven't done so yet.
A few days later an article appeared in The Wall Street Journal supporting similar findings.* The author, E.S. Browning stated: "Many older Americans fear they will be working well into their 60s because they didn't save enough to retire. Millions more wish they were that lucky: Without full-time jobs, they are short of money and afraid of what lies ahead."
Browning noted that older Baby Boomers are trying to postpone retirement, as many find their spending habits far outpaced their thrift. He said, "With U.S. unemployment at 8.6%, and much higher among people in their teens and 20s, younger members of the labor pool accuse Boomers of refusing to gracefully exit the workplace."
He also noted that 6.5% of workers aged 55 to 64 were unemployed in October 2011, below the national average but more than twice the jobless rate for the group five years earlier.
So the question becomes: Will older Americans be able to rely on working in retirement and for how long? Not only does the availability of jobs play a role, individual health is also a determinant. For those who may anticipate or even choose to work in their 70s or 80s, will they remain healthy enough to do so?
In coming posts I will touch on this and related topics from our survey, including savings and withdrawal rates, retirement income planning, views on housing and more.
What are your thoughts on working in retirement? Do you anticipate continuing to work? Do you view this as a realistic strategy for people in their 70s or 80s? Why or why not?
*The Wall Street Journal, Oldest Baby Boomers Face Jobs Bust by E.S. Browning, 12/19/11.


text:
By Peter Brimelow | It seems to generally agreed that if "Comprehensive Immigration Reform" a.k.a. Amnesty does not go through by the summer, it will not go through at all–itself evidence of how politically precarious the thing is. Until then, the pressure will be intense and immigration patriots will need coolness under fire. Six points to remember:
1] We've been here before—several times
And by "here" I mean not just the current offensive, but the Main Stream Media ululations, the blizzard of baloney about bipartisan breakthroughs and Things Being Different This Time, the authoritative assertions of inevitability etc. etc.
Thus one of the very earliest articles VDARE.com carried (August 14, 2001!!!!) was No Surrender, No Compromise, Only Victory! by Steve Sailer about George W. Bush's initial, long-forgotten amnesty drive. Contrary to the then-conventional wisdom (same as the now-conventional wisdom), Steve boldly predicted the drive would fail. And it did, being finally finished off by 9/11. He quoted blogger Mickey Kaus:


text:
STEINER, RALPH (1859–1926). Ralph Steiner, physician, son of Laura (Fisher) and Josephus Murray Steiner, was born in Austin, Texas, on February 5, 1859. He took his B.A. degree from the University of the South at Sewanee, Tennessee, and his M.D. degree from the University of Maryland in 1883. During the Grover Cleveland administration Steiner was United States consul at Munich, Germany, where he attended clinics on diseases of the ear, nose, throat, and chest. Upon his return to Texas he specialized in otolaryngology. He was state health officer during the administration of Governor O. B. Colquitt, 1911–15, and was later ear specialist for the Texas School for the Deaf. Dr. Steiner died in Austin on May 2, 1926.
Austin Statesman, May 3, 1926. George Plunkett [Mrs. S. C.] Red, The Medicine Man in Texas (Houston, 1930). Texas State Journal of Medicine, July 1926.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article."STEINER, RALPH," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fst30), accessed November 26, 2015. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
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The budget is an increase of 4.17 percent over the 2012-13 budget. Chambersburg's share of 38 percent will be about $2.2 million.
The budget passed by a 7-2 vote Thursday. JOC members Chris Lind and Leland Lemley, both of Waynesboro, voted against the budget.
"The 3.5 percent increase for support staff and administration is double what we're paying in Waynesboro," said Lind, who is president of the Waynesboro Area school board. "I just can't support that when we're not giving that much (of a raise) in our home schools."
Waynesboro Area teachers agreed to a new two-year contract earlier this month and will receive a 1.6 percent salary increase on average during the 2013-14 and 2014-15 school years.
The budget also includes $110,001 for an adult education program. Previously, Penn State Mont Alto ran the program. Adult education revenues are expected to offset the costs.
The JOC approved Melissa Lutz as the new adult education coordinator for a 12-month contract by a 9-0 vote. Her salary is $40,000. JOC members also agreed to advertise a part-time secretary position for the program.
Career Tech Director Keith Yohn hopes to build adult education in future years.
"We want to sustain what we currently have and grow with new programs," Yohn said.


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Years ago I lived in a housing cooperative in Austin, Texas, a bright yellow rambling Victorian house. The students, musicians and working people living there understood that community was both a human need and a joy. The diversity of the group made for interesting conversations.
On the other hand, it wasn't for everyone; some saw the constant presence of others as an infringement on their privacy.
A group of Iowa Citians interested in living with a greater sense of community are pursuing a model called "co-housing," which might address this issue of community/privacy. ...


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Caleb Simmons
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With experience, comes value.
Spotswood proved that Friday night as it used touchdowns on its first two possessions of the second half to pull away for a 35-6 win over the Fort Defiance Indians in a matchup of old football foes.
"They just wore us down," Fort Defiance head coach Dan Rolfe said. "They are a really good football team and they flat out just wore us down." ...


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August rolls on by
Its been one year
I've reached this all time low
Waking up alone
I wish I could retrogress
When life was easy
I should of never let you go
In some sick way, I never did
I still keep you with me
Just wishin' you would listen
But instead we avoid each other
Caught up in this mess too long
I should let you go, but then what?
Do you even know me anymore?
If you could see me now
You could tell I hate myself
I need someone to put this weight on
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November 1914. So an 100th anniversary 5 years from now.
But you probably mean Mannes and Godowsky's thingy, that also went under that name.
That product, borrowing the name from the earlier colour process, was formally announced (! it's not the day it went on sale first) on April 15, 1935. First available were 16 mm and (a bit later) 8 mm.
For stills photography it became available in september 1936, in both 35 mm and Bantam-format cartridges.


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This fourth post discusses an end-to-end development process. Obviously, there are many ways to develop software. While a lot of the basic principles apply almost universally, every sufficiently autonomous organization needs to figure out what works for itself, and then progressively refine it.
It is important to note that this process is the same process we used to manage several projects and has resulted in delivery of high-quality products, in a controlled manner, on time (actually ahead of time in a few cases). In other words, this is a real, proven process, not a theoretical construct. I'll actually show two versions of the process – a simple one - for smaller orgs, and a more involved one - for larger orgs.
Before going further, I want to once again reiterate the Principles of Software Development. These principles are the underlying "Constitution". In summary, they are:
At the high level, we want to be able to produce high-quality, compelling software, in a well-organized, intentional, cost-effective, and predictable manner. In order to pull that off, we need the following:
This post talks about "D", but it goes without saying that "A" to "F" represent a system of connected vessels and need to be designed, implemented, and refined together.
This post also makes the assumption that you have a working "Planning Process" that generates compelling product value propositions. Clearly, without a compelling product that addresses a customer need, it doesn't matter how excellent you are in delivery. There are various ways to plan a product. At Microsoft, we use a bunch of different approaches, with a lot of folks now gravitating towards the so called "Sinofsky model". At any rate, this post does not discuss the planning process (I may do this in a future post).
In order to deliver a high-quality product, you need to plan and design before you code. On the other hand, you don't want to get stuck in planning for a prolonged period of time, because time may erode the value prop of your product and because you need fast and frequent customer feedback – you may be working in the wrong direction. Clearly, we need to "marry" these two competing priorities and clearly this is an optimization problem. What follows is our solution to the optimization problem, but solutions will vary based on specific product, business, industry and team considerations. Treat this as a starting point – take it and make it your own.
We used this simple version of the process to develop TestApi – the API library for test and tool developers. TestApi is a relatively small and simple project. With this process, we released five versions of the library and we released all of them on time or ahead of time.
The development schedule looks as follows:
Figure 1. Simple development schedule
The schedule consists of 5 major milestones:
All features associated with a release are tracked in a table similar to the TestApi Feature Backlog table presented in this post:
Figure 2. Feature readiness checklist
All source code is static analysis clean by default (FxCop, StyleCop, etc.) – checking in a violation results in a build break. There is a FAQ for commonly asked questions (e.g. "I can't be done with a feature on time, what do I do?", etc.) that evolves with every release.
As a general rule, the timelines above are rigorously adhered to. If you "fall off the train" (meaning – fail to meet a deadline), you don't get back on the train until the next version (which is always no more than 3 months away, and of course you tend to deliver larger payload for it). We have a dedicated project manager who drives every release (for TestApi that was Alexis Roosa).
The tasks associated with every milestone are done in the order in which they are presented here. For example, we write the acceptance tests against the empty stubs before we write the actual code. Another thing that should be obvious is that we spend a lot of effort on planning and design. We are extremely rigorous in our design review, we look at the API from various different angles (we consider different options, we discuss naming, usage, simplicity, statelessness, future evolveability, etc.) employing both scenario-based design and producing various short-lived and long-lived documents. We have found that this saves us a lot of time during development and significantly increases the confidence of our dates.
The simplicity and predictability of this process have a lot of positive effects – from team morale and cohesion to delivery on time with high quality. To date, we have always been done with M4 on time or ahead of time! The process does, however, have a waterfallish feel, so every once in a while I get questions about agility. Put simply, we believe that design and planning is important, but so is time to market and getting frequent customer feedback. We resolve that tension by having short release cycles (3 months or less). There is noting that is preventing us from making these cycles even shorter, but we have found that 3 months works well for us.
My experiences shows that you can't achieve agility by cutting proven engineering practices such as solid design and code reviews – that only leads to fire-drills, death marches and low quality. You achieve agility by having a reasonably rapid development cycle, aligned to solid business considerations.
In my next post, I will introduce a process that is suitable for larger, more complex products and organizations.


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From Whitespace (Hackerspace Gent)
Revision as of 17:45, 29 November 2010 by 220.127.116.11 (Talk)
Who is this?
Someone who hasn't entered any personal info o_O Click the "edit with form" tab to fix this.
At 0x20
- Is currently participating in these projects: Website
- Is not planning to attend any events.
- Has attended these events: Meeting107, Game Night 4, Meeting92, IMarkt, Meeting91, Game Night 3, Game Night 2, Meeting89, Game Night 1, Meeting82 … further results
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One cause of FATIGUE - CFIDS ?
'flu-like' symptoms may be a chemical exposure www.valdezlink.com/pages/cfs/flu-like.htm
Tired of being tired? http://www.valdezlink.com/pages/annijones.htm#tired
Please share this info with your doctor: www.valdezlink.com/acute.htm
Please go over this questionnaire
and share with your doctor the results also: http://www.valdezlink.com/pages/questionnaire.htm
More 2-butoxyethanol MSDS info * *
NJ Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet 2-butoxyethanol pdf
To prove the harm of 2-butoxyethanol - For those with direct exposures
you have to prove the FATIGUE of CFS, CFIDS, FM -
Test for autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Glyconutrient Trials Suggest Hope for Help!
Bob 's comments *
How is Hillary?
What is the Civilian Name for 'gulf war syndrome?'
e-mail: email@example.com
To find the harm of 2-butoxyethanol - you have to prove the fatigue of CFS, CFIDS (Doctors say they do not know what the fatigue is):
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Thankfully, everyone doesn't come down with everything this chemical can do AKA ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. The biggest clue to its harm is
"Glucocorticoid hormones are involved in how the body utilizes and stores carbohydrates, protein, fat and blood sugar." How are your hormones? High or low?
Should people with CFS, CFIDS, FM - donate blood?
Congress should ban this chemical *
Right now, EPA has delisted it


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- Equipment World - http://www.equipmentworld.com -
Manitowoc builds crane facility in Brazil
Posted By Lauren Heartsill Dowdle On March 23, 2011 @ 5:58 pm In ConExpo-Con/Agg 2011,Trade Shows | No Comments
Manitowoc has broken ground on a crane production facility in Passo Fundo, Brazil. It will be complete by the end of 2011 and will start production in the second or third quarter of 2012. The facility will be close to 270,000 square feet and will support Brazil and Latin America. The company says the facility is part of their goals to make a larger presence in Brazil.
For more information about the company, visit Manitowoc.com [1].
Article printed from Equipment World: http://www.equipmentworld.com
URL to article: http://www.equipmentworld.com/manitowoc-builds-crane-facility-in-brazil/
URLs in this post:
[1] Manitowoc.com: http://www.Manitowoc.com
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2012 Equipment World -- Development. All rights reserved.


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She is passionate about her politics, wearing her beliefs, quite literally, on her sleeve.
The cheerleaders were just a taste of what Kurt Cobain had up his sleeve when it came to subverting traditional gender roles.
Jesus was a Jew, the last supper was a Passover meal, and every minor prophet has a miracle or two tucked up their sleeve.
But it turned out that Obama had a genuine shocker up his sleeve.
Whatever comeback Roitfeld has up her sleeve will just have to wait for another issue.
He says you've got something up your sleeve and he hasn't decided what it is.
Well, I know some one who has a sleeve with something up it, that's all.
"This is my best jacket," said he, when the injured arm was safe in its sleeve.
Then Crane took Porter gently by the sleeve and drew him half within the stall.
"You mustn't, Fabian," said Henri, eagerly clutching Fabian's sleeve.
Old English sliefe (West Saxon), slefe (Mercian) "arm-covering part of a garment," probably literally "that into which the arm slips," from Proto-Germanic *slaubjon (cf. Middle Low German sloven "to dress carelessly," Old High German sloufen "to put on or off"). Related to Old English slefan, sliefan "to slip on (clothes)" and slupan "to slip, glide," from PIE root *sleubh- "to slide, slip."
Cf. slipper, Old English slefescoh "slipper," slip (n.) "woman's garment," and expression to slip into "to dress in"). Mechanical sense is attested from 1864. To have something up one's sleeve is recorded from c.1500 (large sleeves formerly doubled as pockets). Meaning "the English Channel" translates French La Manche.
Advancement without much effort; an easy task or accomplishment: Getting the contract was a sleepwalk


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Detroit Police's Operation Clean Sweep led to the arrest of 32 people at an east-side apartment complex last month. / Jarrad Henderson/Detroit Free Press
Detroit police have raided another troubled apartment complex, arresting dozens of people on outstanding warrants.
Detroit police spokesman Sgt. Michael Woody said 42 people were taken into custody today at the Martin Luther King housing complex on the citys east side.
He said those arrested were wanted on a range of offenses, including aggravated assault, drug offenses, counterfeiting, fraud and being parole or probation absconders. Ten of those arrested are women, Woody said.
He said nearly 200 officers were at the scene and multiple agencies were involved, including Detroit police, Michigan State Police, the FBI, the U.S. Marshals, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives and the Michigan Department of Corrections.
This is the second crime-ridden apartment complex to be raided in recent weeks.
Last month, officers raided a complex, where police had been called hundreds of times this year, on Jefferson at McClellan and took more than 30 people into custody on outstanding warrants, police said. Police did a second, scaled-down raid of the complex the next week
Contact Gina Damron: 313-223-4526 or firstname.lastname@example.com


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Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism, Volume 5Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2004; US$ 113.00
Conferences, lectures, funding opportunities, and publications now all fully embrace terrorism and counter-terrorism as topics worthy of serious reflection and investigation among criminologists. The papers in this volume bring out the distinct contribution criminologists and criminological sociologists have to offer in the study of counter-terrorism... more...
What Is Africas Problem?University of Minnesota Press 2000; US$ 70.50
Edited by Elizabeth Kanyogonya?I am very pleased that this book by one of Africa?s most important leaders now will be available to Americans. We need to understand what Africans think about Africa.??Jimmy Carterand/orWhat is Africa?s problem? As one of the leaders expressing a broad and forceful vision for Africa?s future, Uganda?s Yoweri K. Museveni... more...
African LaughterHarperCollins 2009; US$ 9.99
New York Times Book Review ]]> more...
Anatomy of ViolenceAshgate Publishing Ltd 2013; US$ 149.95
Violence connects people ? whether directly or indirectly financing violence or by fighting the war against terror. Violent incidents are often deeply rooted in structures and systems. With a focus on Africa, this study examines three structurally interdependent conflict systems to highlight the complexities of transboundary and transregional conflict... more...
Algeria since 1989Zed Books 2010; US$ 29.95
Algeria's democratic experiment is seminal in post-Cold War history. Le Sueur shows that Algeria is at the very heart of contemporary debates about Islam and secular democracy, arguing that the stability of Algeria is crucial for the security of the wider Middle East. Algeria Since 1989 is a lively and essential examination of how the fate of one... more...
The FearLittle, Brown and Company 2011; US$ 12.99
Journalist Peter Godwin has covered wars. As a soldier, he's fought them. But nothing prepared him for the surreal mix of desperation and hope he encountered when he returned to Zimbabwe, his broken homeland. Godwin arrived as Robert Mugabe, the country's dictator for 30 years, has finally lost an election. Mugabe's tenure has left Zimbabwe with... more...
Mind of Black Africa, TheABC-CLIO 1996; US$ 33.95
The violent colonization of Africa by European nations toward the end of the 19th century?a colonization justified by theories about the African Mind promulgated in the Age of Reason?had a profound impact upon the mind of Black Africa. After World War II, the mind of Black Africa rebelled; this rebellion led to a struggle for the self. After Africans... more...
Apostles of ModernityStanford University Press 2010; US$ 62.50
This study of the specialized military Offices of Arab Affairs in Algeria during the formative decades of French rule from 1830 to 1870 disputes the conventional view that the doctrine of assimilation governed France's colonial policies and practices in the nineteenth century. more...
Africa in Global Politics in the Twenty-First CenturyPalgrave Macmillan Ltd. 2009; US$ 85.00
In this twenty-first century, Africa has become an important source of the United States' energy imports and the world's natural resources. It has also become the epicenter of the world's deadly health epidemic, HIV/AIDS, and one of the battlegrounds in the fight against terrorism. With Nigeria and South Africa leading the continent, Africa... more...
Conflict Management and African PoliticsTaylor and Francis 2010; US$ 54.95
This edited volume builds on a core set of concepts developed by I. William Zartman to offer new insights into conflict management and African politics. Key concepts such as ripe moments, hurting stalemates, and collapsed states, are built upon in order to show how conflict resolution theory may be applied to contemporary challenges, particularly... more...


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Minorities more likely to report police abuse
John Bacon ; From staff and wire reports
(WASHINGTON) -- Blacks and Hispanics were twice as likely as whites to report the use of force in encounters with police, a Justice Department report released Sunday said.
The survey of 80,000 people showed that black drivers were more likely than whites to be stopped, searched, handcuffed or ticketed. About 2% of blacks and Hispanics who had face-to-face encounters with police in 1999 reported force or threatened force. That compares with less than 1% among whites, the Bureau of Justice Statistics reported.
The report comes as Attorney General John Ashcroft has asked Congress to authorize a study of racial profiling, the practice by law enforcement officials of singling out people based on their race.
Full story: ...
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Freelance photojournalist covering the greater Boston area. Formerly a volunteer firefighter during my Texas days.
Current member of the IFPA Board of Directors.
Fellow IFPA members,
You'll notice when you visit the site now that the old ifpaweb.ning.com address is now ifpafirephotos.org. This is an important step forward as we build up the site and get more exposure for everything it has to offer - like your excellent fire photography.
I'd like to extend a huge Thank You to IFPA webmaster Josh Smith for his help in getting this working. Please take a moment to update your bookmarks, and add a few new pictures from…Continue
Posted on February 9, 2012 at 1:31pm


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- Jessa Duggar shares a rare photo of her brother Josh Duggar's daughter Meredith - US Weekly
- Michael Lohan's estranged wife Kate Major is detained by cops at an airport - TMZ
- Is there something between Ben Affleck and Halle Berry? - Gossip Cop
- The Hunger Games author Suzanne Collins says goodbye to the popular series after the final movie is released - Just Jared Jr
- What happened backstage with Kylie Jenner at The Ellen Show? - Radar
- Bryan Cranston tears up over a Breaking Bad memory - Huffington Post
- Leonardo DiCaprio's Oscar race heats up - Lainey Gossip
- The Captain America: Civil War movie may be better than the comic book - The Hollywood Reporter
28 April 2013 at 9:49 PM
Pregnant Kim Kardashian: Family Boat Ride in Greece
About this photo set: Kim Kardashian flaunts her growing baby bump while boarding a boat with her family on Saturday (April 27) in Mykonos, Greece. The following day, the 32-year-old… Read More Here
Photo #: 2860229
Posted to Kim Kardashian, Pregnant Celebrities


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This site is targeted at medical and radiology professionals, contains user contributed content and material that may be confusing to a lay audience. Use of this site implies acceptance of our Terms of Use.
Renal artery stenosis on Doppler
Modality: CT (C+ arterial phase) Axial CT angiography images show a moderate to severely narrowed right renal artery ostium due to extensive atherosclerotic calcifications.
From the case:
Renal artery stenosis on Doppler - "Renal artery stenosis refers to a narrowing of a renal artery."


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Tyler Perry's name is plastered so prominently all over the marketing for Peeples, it's almost impossible not to mistake it for another one of the doggedly prolific one-man-band's semi-annual forays behind the camera. But as it turns out, Perry only produced and "presented" Peeples (whatever the latter means), and it's probably the least Tyler Perry-ish movie that he's ever been associated with—as long as we're not counting his whatzit cameo in 2009's Star Trek.
For starters, it's competently made. The directorial debut of screenwriter Tina Gordon Chism, who previously penned the much-loved 2002 Drumline, as well as 2006's ATL, Peeples is brisk, affectionate mainstream entertainment. A far cry from Perry's punitive churchiness, the film contains no violent tonal shifts, not a single morality lecture, and only one (rather ill-judged) moment in which a man dons women's clothing. It's just warm and funny. I liked it quite a bit.
Craig Robinson, that big ol' teddy bear with the whispery voice, looks thrilled to be free from the agonizing death throes of NBC's The Office. He stars here as Wade Walker, an ebullient children's party entertainer who sings songs advising little ones to speak their mind when they have to use the potty. Robinson so often comes across as an oversized child himself, so the gig is a natural fit.
Though he has aspirations of becoming a child therapist (Wade's unlicensed and has no formal education, so he currently calls his advice "kounciling with a K"), this is hardly a career trajectory to match that of his girlfriend, Grace Peeples, a super-successful New York City lawyer played by Kerry Washington. She comes from such an extremely wealthy and accomplished family, Grace has conveniently forgotten to tell them about her new boyfriend.
The Peeples clan reunites every summer at their Sag Harbor vacation house for the town's celebration of Moby Dick Day, where family patriarch, federal judge and pillar of the community Virgil Peeples, played by a slyly amusing David Alan Grier, dresses up like Ahab and reads from Melville. Pointedly uninvited by Grace, Wade decides to crash the weekend party with an engagement ring in his pocket. Head over heels in love, he's determined to make a good impression on these folks he calls "the chocolate Kennedys." It doesn't go so well.
If this sounds like Meet the Parents, that's because basically it is. (I was snickeringly reminded of the old crack by my pal, critic Odie Henderson, about movies like Johnson Family Vacation and Death at a Funeral being "colorizations" of hit white comedies.) But Peeples is far better-natured than the Ben Stiller squirmfest. I don't think Craig Robinson has the capacity for self-loathing.
Grier's Virgil is a bully and a blowhard, demanding that even his own children call him "Judge." But beneath all his pompous affectations and rigidly enforced traditions, this seemingly perfect family is swarming with secrets. Mom (S. Epatha Merkerson) is a former disco diva, who, after several stints in rehab, has now taken up "holistic medicine" in a garden that's hardly in adherence with 12-step programs. Daughter Gloria (Kali Hawk) is a CNN reporter who was embedded in Iraq with her "best friend" Meg (Kimrie Lewis-Davis) in more ways than one. Son Simon (Tyler James Williams) is a science prodigy and also a kleptomaniac. Even stodgy Virgil steps out every night, pretending to be playing saxophone at a local tavern. But you won't find him there.
Always putting his best foot forward and inevitably falling on his face, Wade stumbles over these revelations with increasing exasperation. If there is a limit on the variations possible in eye-rolling reaction shots, Robinson hasn't found it yet. The game supporting cast gets into the silly groove, and, in a wonderful bit of casting, Melvin Van Peebles and Diahann Carroll drop by for a scene as Grandpa and Grandma Peeples. It's a treat to watch the elderly Sweet Sweetback passive-aggressively terrorize every man in his sight, and Carroll gets a terrific moment, revealing that she's the only one of these Peeples who knows what's really up.
I could have done without a couple of the broader slapstick moments. An obviously improv-heavy set-piece in a sweat lodge veers a bit out of Chism's control, and the movie is much funnier when it stays grounded in reality. The best running gag has Wade running into Grace's ex-boyfriends, who are all at least twice her age. (Robinson calmly responds by asking if she also dated George Washington Carver and W.E.B. Du Bois.)
Modest in aspiration, Peeples is by no means a must-see movie, but it's awfully charming all the same. It confirms that Tina Gordon Chism is a talent to keep an eye on. And hopefully someday soon, we'll see her name on the posters instead of Tyler Perry's.
Impossibly charismatic Michael Fassbender soars in "Steve Jobs"
"Pan" deserves the hook
"Everest" like a nature documentary that turns into a horror movie
The greatest film never made: "Jodorowsky's Dune"
"Finding Vivian Maier" a mystery wrapped in an enigma carrying a camera
"The Unknown Known" can't unlock cagey Donald Rumsfeld
Subplots, side stars mar "Captain America" sequel


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Motorola Dinara may beat Bionic with 13MP camera, HD screen
updated 03:45 pm EDT, Tue July 19, 2011
Motorola Dinara leaks out for first time
Motorola already has a sequel to the new Droid Bionic in development that may be hints of a familiar design. Nicknamed the Dinara, it would be similar to the Bionic but have a larger, more edge-to-edge, "HD" screen and upgrade to a 13-megapixel camera. The shape would be "much slimmer and lighter" from what Droid-Life understood, but it would use an iPhone-style sealed-in battery to reach the goal.
It would still use a TI OMAP processor of some kind and carry the same 1GB of RAM. No allusions have been made to LTE, though the Dinara may be a carrier-independent device rather than attach itself to Verizon or any one provider. Verizon the only carrier in testing so far.
Android 2.3 was running on test devices, though this was supposedly more to do with the unavailability of Ice Cream Sandwich than any deliberateness on Motorola's part.
The description recalls the Targa and may be one and the same. Possibilities exist too that information about the Targa and Dinara was mixed up or that the Dinara is a refinement of what the Targa will be.
None of the details have definitive evidence, although Dinara lines up with Motorola's tendency to use mountain ranges as codenames, such as the Etna, Everest, and Olympus. Any launch isn't likely to show until the end of the year at best and would be more likely as a 2012 release given the early development.


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Piotr Dobrogost
After clicking one of links in the traceback in the console view the module which link leads to is being opened in a new editor even if it's already opened. I think exiting editor with given module should be reused and no new editor should be opened. Even better would be an option specifying behavior in this case.
What's worse (taking into account there's no multi-row tabs in Eclipse) is that **both** in the new and **old** editor the filename shown on the tab is now followed by file's path which takes much space. As a side note the path is dotted which suggests it's path in packages hierarchy whereas it seems to be plain file system path.
Should I raise it as a bug or an enhancment?
Fabio Zadrozny
Please report a bug… Also, please add a screenshot and if possible attach a sample project where I can reproduce this (I must say I just tested here and wasn't able to reproduce, so, it may be something related to your specific configuration of the project).


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Chief executives from Yahoo told an FT blogger this afternoon they will jump into "social search" this year.
Their product rollout looks like this:
In the next few weeks: they will include updates from members of your address book when they comment on stories within the Yahoo network
Q2-Q3: Facebook activity streams, based on friendship will be included in a sort of Facebook powered of social circle results. Eventually Twitter data will be added. Given that Facebook and Yahoo are essentially partners, they left no comment on whether they will be introducing Facebook's universal "Like" button or Twitter's @anywhere features.
However don't hold your breath on this update. The FT blogger, Joseph Menn, said Yahoo has been talking about social search for the last 6 years, long before Facebook. Large brands making social networks out of their email services risk a severe privacy backlash and is not a popular tactic.
We remain unconvinced that such an integration will deliver any value and think that they are just jumping on the hype bandwagon surrounding the Facebook F8 and Twitter Chirp conferences. If there are going to build anything social into email, we think they should build something much more useful, like the 3D Mailbox. :)
[via V3]


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To delete a section which you don't want to print, click on the red highlight or red X. To restore the section, click on the green arrow icon in the upper right hand corner of the post.
Tomorrow, 11/15, head on over to Carvel Ice Cream where they are giving away FREE Jr. Size Soft Serve Ice Cream Cones from 12PM until 8PM. Plus, get a coupon book with over $30 worth of savings inside when you make a $3 donation to Hurricane Sandy Relief, which will be donated to the American Red Cross (love that! :) ). Go here for more information, and to find a location near you.
(Thanks, Wanda, Couponers Living Free, Free Stuff Times, and Shortcut Saver!)


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- Filed Under
We have always enjoyed tremendous success in Biloxi Public Schools, and our district is on track for even greater success.
We have six schools in the district; three are Star schools and three are High Performing.
In fact, our school district was named High Performing and was just shy of reaching Star district. ...