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Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung, a subtype of large cell carcinoma (LCC), is characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation that small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) shares. Pre-therapeutic histological distinction between LCNEC and SCLC has so far been problematic, leading to adverse clinical outcome. We started a project establishing protein targets characteristic of LCNEC with a proteomic method using formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, which will help make diagnosis convincing.
Cancer cells were collected by laser microdissection from cancer foci in FFPE tissues of LCNEC (n = 4), SCLC (n = 5), and LCC (n = 5) with definite histological diagnosis. Proteins were extracted from the harvested sections, trypsin-digested, and subjected to HPLC/mass spectrometry. Proteins identified by database search were semi-quantified by spectral counting and statistically sorted by pair-wise G-statistics. The results were immunohistochemically verified using a total of 10 cases for each group to confirm proteomic results.
A total of 1981 proteins identified from the three cancer groups were subjected to pair-wise G-test under p < 0.05 and specificity of a protein's expression to LCNEC was checked using a 3D plot with the coordinates comprising G-statistic values for every two group comparisons. We identified four protein candidates preferentially expressed in LCNEC compared with SCLC with convincingly low p-values: aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (AL1A1) (p = 6.1 × 10-4), aldo-keto reductase family 1 members C1 (AK1C1) (p = 9.6x10-10) and C3 (AK1C3) (p = 3.9x10-10) and CD44 antigen (p = 0.021). These p-values were confirmed by non-parametric exact inference tests. Interestingly, all these candidates would belong to cancer stem cell markers. Immunohistochmistry supported proteomic results.
These results suggest that candidate biomarkers of LCNEC were related to cancer stem cells and this proteomic approach via FFPE samples was effective to detect them.
Keywords:large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues; mass spectrometry; cancer stem cell markers
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide [1]. In Japan, annual deaths from lung cancer have been increasing and reached about 70,000 [2] and in USA reached 160,000 even with a recent decreasing trend [3]. Generally, lung cancer is divided into two histological subgroups, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). NSCLC mainly consists of adenocarcinoma (AC), squamous cell carcinoma (SC) and large cell carcinoma (LCC). AC and SC are differentiated with the features of normal cells but LCC is undifferentiated without such features. The prognosis of lung cancer depends on pathological stages and histological types; in NSCLC, AC is the best, while LCC the worst [4].
Travis et al. [5] proposed a new subtype of LCC, named large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) in 1991, and the World Health Organization finally adopted it for the revised pathological classification of lung cancer in 1999. LCNEC exhibits morphology similar to LCC but neuroendocrine differentiation like SCLC that could be judged by expression of at least one of three representative neuroendocrine proteins, CD56, synaptophysin (Syn) and chromogranin A (CGA). Among subtypes of LCC, the prognosis of LCNEC was poorer than others even if at early stages [6,7] like SCLC. However therapeutic strategies of LCNEC and SCLC differ from each other. The former needs surgery as the first choice but the latter chemotherapy. It is therefore important to distinguish LCNEC from SCLC definitely but common morphological growth patterns characteristic of neuroendocrine tumors sometimes hinder clear pathologic distinction between the two neuroendocrine cancers.
It follows that new biomarkers should be developed for definite diagnosis of those cancers, even if histopathology has long been the golden standard for diagnosis and determination of disease progression. Genomic and immunohistochemical analyses for such a purpose have been reported [8,9] but there have still been no biomarkers specific to LCNEC. Recent advancements in shotgun sequencing and quantitative mass spectrometry for protein analyses could make proteomics amenable to clinical biomarker discovery [10]. In addition, selective collection of target cells from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues by laser microdissection can permit to access to tissues of a variety of cancer types with definite diagnosis. We have used these methods for exploring stage-related proteins on non-metastatic lung AC by both global and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry-based proteomics [11,12]. In this study, we applied them to detect the potential protein markers characteristic of LCNEC by label-free semi-quantitative shotgun proteomics using spectral counting.
2. Materials and methods
2. 1. Sample Preparation for FFPE Tissue Specimens
Surgically removed lung tissues were fixed with a buffered formalin solution containing 10-15% methanol, and embedded by a conventional method. Archived paraffin blocks of formalin-fixed tissues obtained from four LCNEC cases, five LCC and five SCLC, which were retrieved with the approval from Ethical Committee of Tokyo Medical University Hospital and used with patients' consents. Patients' characteristics are listed in Table 1. Paraffin blocks were cut into 4 μm sections for diagnosis and 10 μm sections for proteomics. The 10 μm sections were stained with only haematoxylin. Three pathologists (M.N., H.O., and T.N.) independently made a diagnosis using the 4 μm sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin according to the WHO classification. LCNEC has its characteristic cancer cells with relatively larger cytoplasm, less fine chromatin and more distinct nucleoli than those of SCLC. The sections of patients diagnosed unequivocally were used in this study.
Table 1. Patients' Characteristics.
2. 2. Immunohistochemical Staining
The neuroendocrine nature of tumors was confirmed with the three representative antibodies, monoclonal mouse anti CD56 antibody (Novocastra, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.), polyclonal rabbit anti CGA antibody (DAKO Japan, Kyoto, Japan) and monoclonal mouse anti SYN antibody (DAKO Japan, Kyoto, Japan). The staining of these antibodies was performed automatically on a Ventana Benchmark® XT (Ventana Japan, Tokyo, Japan). Expression of four proteomics-identifying proteins specific to LCNEC was tested with the following commercially available antibodies according to the manufacturer's protocols: monoclonal rabbit anti AL1A1 antibody (Abcom Japan, Tokyo, Japan), polyclonal anti AK1C1 antibody (GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA), monoclonal anti AK1C3 antibody (Sigma Japan, Tokyo, Japan) and monoclonal mouse anti CD44 antibody (Abcom Japan, Tokyo, Japan). Briefly, sections were incubated with xylene, rehydrated with graded ethanol solutions and incubated with methyl alcohol containing 3% hydrogen peroxide to remove endogenous peroxidase activity. After washing thoroughly with PBS, sections were incubated with adequately diluted primary antibodies and then with Histofine simple stain® (Nichirei Bioscience, Tokyo, Japan), and finally visualized with products of the peroxidase and diaminobenzidien reaction.
2. 3. Laser Capture and Protein Solubilization
Cancerous lesions were identified on serial sections of NSCLC tissues stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). For proteomic analysis, a 10 μm thick section prepared from the same tissue block was attached onto DIRECTOR™ slides (Expression Pathology, Rockville, MD, USA), de-paraffinized twice with xylene for 5 min., rehydrated with graded ethanol solutions and distilled water and stained by only hematoxylin. Those slides were air-dried and subjected to laser microdissection with a Leica LMD6000 (Leica Micro-systems GmbH, Ernst-Leitz-Strasse, Wetzlar, Germany). At least 30,000 cells (8.0mm2) were collected directly into a 1.5mL low-binding plastic tube. Proteins were extracted and digested with trypsin using Liquid Tissue™ MS Protein Prep kits (Expression Pathology, Rockville, MD, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol.
2. 4. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
We here adopted label-free semi-quantitation using spectral counting by liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to a global proteomic analysis. The digested samples were analyzed in triplicates by LC-MS/MS using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) interfaced with a LTQ-Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) via a nano-electrospray device as described in details previously [13]. Briefly, the RP-LC system consisted of a peptide Cap-Trap cartridge (0.5 × 2.0 mm) and a capillary separation column (an L-column Micro of 0.2 × 150 mm packed with reverse phase L-C18 gels of 3 μm in diameter and 12 nm pore size, (CERI, Tokyo, Japan)) connected an emitter tip (FortisTip of 20 μm ID and 150 μm OD with a perfluoropolymer-coated blunt end, OmniSeparo-TJ, Hyogo, Japan) to the outlet. An autosampler (HTC-PAL, CTC Analytics, Switzerland) loaded an aliquot of samples onto the trap, which then was washed with solvent A (98% distilled water with 2% acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid) for concentrating peptides on the trap and desalting. Subsequently, the trap was connected in series to the separation column, and the whole columns were developed for 70 min. with a linear acetonitrile concentration gradient made from 5 to 40% solvent B (10% distilled water and 90% acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid) at the flow-rate of 1 μL/min. An LTQ was operated in the data-dependent MS/MS mode to automatically acquire up to three successive MS/MS scans in the centroid mode. The three most intense precursor ions for these MS/MS scans could be selected from a high-resolution MS spectrum (a survey scan) that an Orbitrap previously acquired during a predefined short time window in the profile mode at the resolution of 30 000 in the m/z range of 400 to 1600. The sets of acquired high-resolution MS and MS/MS spectra for peptides were converted to single data files and they were merged into Mascot generic format files for database searching.
2.5 Database Searching and Semi-quantification with Spectral Counting
Mascot software (version 2.1.1, Matrix Science, London, UK) was used for database search against Homo sapiens entries in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database (Release 56.6, 20413 entries). Peptide mass tolerance was 10ppm, fragment mass tolerance 0.8Da, and up to two missed cleavages were allowed for errors in trypsin specificity. Carbamidomethylation of cysteines was taken as fixed modifications, and methionine oxidation and formylation of lysine, arginine and N-terminal amino acids as variable modifications. A p-value being < 0.05 was considered significant, and the score cutoff was 44. The lists of identified proteins were merged into a master file where the primary accession numbers and entry names from UniProtKB were used. The false positive rates for protein identification were estimated using a decoy database created by reversing the protein sequences in the original database; the estimated false positive rate of peptide matches was 0.45% under protein score threshold conditions (p < 0.005). Mascot search results were processed through Scaffold software (version 2.02.03, Proteome Software, Portland, OR) to semi-quantitatively analyze differential expression levels of proteins in LCNEC, LCC and SCLC by spectral counting as described [11]. The number of peptide MS/MS spectra with high confidence (Mascot ion score, p < 0.005) was used for calculating spectral counts. Fold changes of expressed proteins in the base 2 logarithmic scale (RSC) were calculated using spectral counting as described [11]. Candidate proteins between two groups were chosen so that their RSC satisfy >1 or <−1, which correspond to their fold changes >2 or <0.5. G-test was used for evaluating differential protein expression in pair-wise cancer groups [14]. In this study we mainly focus on LCNEC vs. SCLC comparison, but the other pairs were considered. The results are illustrated in a three-dimensional plot to judge whether a protein is specifically expressed in a given cancer group. Although G-test does not require replicates, spectral counts for each protein from triplicates were pooled and used for G-statistic calculation using a two-way contingency table arranged in two rows for a target protein and any other proteins, and two columns for cancer groups on an Excel macro. Statistical significance should be p < 0.05. The Yates correction for continuity is applied to the 2 × 2 tables. The correction could enable us to handle the data containing small spectral counts including zero. Statisticians, however, showed that the results of G-test using a contingency table containing small counts are not so convincing because it is assumed that the G statistic asymptotically obey a χ2 distribution with one degree of freedom. To validate the G-test results, we calculated exact p-values for some significant proteins without making any assumptions of statistical distribution based on the permutational distribution of the test statistic, i.e., Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test for the contingency tables using a R package.
3. Results
3. 1. Patient groups and pathological classification
To explore protein markers to distinguish LCNEC from SCLC, we investigated cancer cells prepared by laser microdissection from FFPE sections of LCNEC, SCLC, and LCC with a shotgun proteomic method. The LCNEC group consisted of four independent patients and other two groups consisted of five independent ones. For immunohistochemistry, we added more patients so as to amount to 10 patients for each group. Patients were divided into those cancer groups according to the WHO classification and by immunohistochemistry with antibodies raised against established neuroendocrine markers, CD56, CGA and Syn (Table 1 and Figure 1). All LCNEC and SCLC tissues used in this study are positively stained with at least one of these antibodies consistent with the neuroendocrine nature of those cancers. LCC tissues were not stained immunohistochemically except for 2 cases with faintly positive for Syn but histopathological differentiation from SC, AC and SCLC was required for its definite diagnosis. The patient profiles including the TNM pathological classification and staging are summarized in Table 1. There was no difference between the ages for each group (p = 0.076 by ANOVA, mean age
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Figure 1. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies raised against established neuroendocrine markers, CD56, CGA, and Syn.
3. 2. LC-MS/MS protein identifications and semi-quantification by spectral counting
Trypsin-digests from laser-microdissected samples typically containing ~30,000 cells were analyzed in triplicate by LC-MS/MS as described in "Materials and Methods". Under the database search settings used, we identified significant proteins as follows: LCNEC contained a total of 1,124 proteins including 410 unique, 168 in the overlap only between LCNEC and SCLC, 93 in the overlap only between LCNEC and LCC, and 453 in the overlap among three groups; SCLC contained a total of 1,096 including 362 unique, 100 in the overlap only between SCLC and LCC and the overlapped proteins described above; LCC contained a total of 1,083 including 450 unique and the overlapped proteins described earlier. The spectral counts were calculated for these proteins and those from triplicate experiments were pooled, thereby improving the performance of G-test and decreasing false positive rates significantly [14]. There was no significant difference among the total spectral counts of each group (p = 0.248 by ANOVA; mean counts
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Table 2. Significant changes in protein expression levels as judged with G-test under p < 0.05 for an LCNEC vs. SCLC pair.
3. 3. Biomarker Candidates for LCNEC
To illustrate the specificity of protein expression toward LCNEC more clearly, we made a 3D scatter plot with an × axis indicating G-statistic values (G values) for LCNEC vs. LCC analysis, a y axis for LCC vs. SCLC, and a z axis for LCNEC vs. SCLC (Figure 2). When the spectral counts of a target protein are zero for both groups in question, it is hereafter defined as G = 0. The proteins expressed specifically to LCNEC will therefore be present in the region (x>3.84, z>3.84 corresponding to p < 0.05 each) on the x-z plane, those in SCLC in the region (y>3.84, z>3.84) on the y-z plane and those in LCC in the region (x>3.84, y>3.84) on the x-y plane. We used 1,918 proteins for this plotting. Close inspection of the 3D plot shows that AK1C3 at a point (40.8, 0, 39.1), AK1C1 at a point (39.0, 0, 37.4), AL1A1 at a point (8.75, 2.6 × 10-5, 11.8) and CD44 antigen precursor (CD44) at a point (5.56, 0, 5.27) are very near or on the x-z plane with convincingly low p-values (3.9 × 10-10, 9.6 × 10-10, 6.1 × 10-4, and 0.021, respectively) from LCNEC vs. SCLC comparisons and thus specific to LCNEC. Interestingly, AK1C1, AK1C3, AL1A1, and CD44 have been reported to be biomarkers of cancer stem cells (see Discussion). In Table 2 BASP and SEGN are significantly up-regulated in SCLC compared with LCNEC, which are indeed located on the y-z plane at the respective points (0, 32.2, 24.1) and (0, 21.5, 15.9), and specific to SCLC. Major vault protein (MVP) is at a point (23.8, 34.1, 0) on the x-y plane, indicating an LCC-specific protein. One of well known proteins related to SCLC, γ-enolase (ENOG) is detectable at a point (0.55, 7.23, 2.84) in the 3D G-statistic space which indicates that it is expressed significantly in SCLC compared to in LCC. The G-statistic is assumed to obey a χ2-distribution with one degree of freedom and the p-values based on G-values obtained with the contingency tables containing small counts should be handled with caution. Therefore we calculated exact p-values for the 2 × 2 tables with the non-parametric Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. The results were fully consistent with those obtained with the G-test; the exact p-values for LCNEC vs. SCLC were 3.40 × 10-4 for AL1A1, 5.53 × 10-10 for AK1C1, 2.27 × 10-10 for AK1C3, and 0.012 for CD44. The G-test analyses of three cancer group pairs (LCNEC vs. SCLC, LCNEC vs. LCC, and LCC vs. SCLC) under p < 0.05 retrieved the respective 95, 186 and 237 proteins that showed significant changes in expression levels. These proteins were subjected to gene ontology (GO) analysis, highlighting their biological and molecular functions and cellular localization. As Figure 3 shows, the molecular functions and cellular localization of proteins preferentially expressed in the LCNEC vs. SCLC pair were quite different from those of the other pairs.
Figure 2. Marker candidates' extraction by pairwise G statistics. In the 3D scatter plot, X, Y, Z-axis shows G-values (X: LCNEC vs. LCC; Y: LCC vs. SCLC; Z: LCNEC vs. SCLC). Data point sets from 1,918 proteins were plotted with circles. AK1C1 and AK1C3 (orange), AL1A1 (purple) and CD44 (red) Proteins being located very near or on X-Z plane are isolated as candidates of specific LCNEC markers. SEGN (yellow) were located on Y-Z plane, which was already known as one of SCLC-specific markers.
Figure 3. Gene ontology (GO) analysis on the molecular functions and cellular localization of proteins preferentially expressed in three cancer group pairs (LCNEC vs. SCLC, LCNEC vs. LCC, and LCC vs. SCLC). A) Molecular functions: 1, antioxidant activity; 2, auxiliary transport protein activity; 3, binding; 4, catalytic activity; 5, chemoattractant activity; 6, electron carrier activity; 7, enzyme regulator activity; 8, molecular function; 9, molecular transducer activity; 10, motor activity; 11, structural molecule activity; 12, transcription regulator activity; 13, translation regulator activity; 14, transporter activity. B) Cellular localizations: 1, Golgi apparatus; 2, cytoplasm; 3, cytoskeleton; 4, endoplasmic reticulum; 5, endosome; 6, extracellular region; 7, intracellular organelle; 8, membrane; 9, mitochondrion; 10, nucleus; 11, organelle membrane; 12, organelle part; 13, plasma membrane; 14, ribosome.
3. 4. Extended immunohistochemical validation of the proteomics results
From this proteomic study we identified AL1A1, AK1C1, AK1C3 and CD44 as biomarker candidates for LCNEC. The results were immunohistochemically verified using a total of 10 cases for each group. We assessed immunoreactivity with the percentage of immunopositive area and staining intensity compared to those of positive-control samples at the maximal cut-surface of tumors (Figure 4). All SCLC cases showed no immunoreactivity with AK1C1, AK1C3 and CD44 and the reactivity of all antibodies with LCNEC sections differed impressively from that of SCLC, supporting the proteomic results. Notably, nine cases of LCNEC including four used for the proteomic experiments were AL1A1 positive in the extent of 30 to 90%. The most intense staining (90% positive area) was observed in patient 2 of LCNEC (Table 1 and Figure 4A). On the other hand, LCC and SCLC sections with typical histology were AL1A1 negative (Figure 4A). There were four cases with weak immunoreactivity (30-80% area) which would contain the small areas mimicking some LCNEC morphology. In LCNEC four were immuno-positive (30-100% positive area) to both AK1C1 and AK1C3, and there was one more AK1C3 positive case. In LCC group one case was AK1C1 positive and four cases were AK1C3 positive; these cases showed small areas with neuroendocrine tendency in the tissue structure. Immnoreactivity of LCNEC cells to CD44 were the same as that of LCC.
Figure 4. Imunohistochemical identification of proteomics-identifying proteins. A) Histological appearances of LCNEC, SCLC and LCC, and immunohistochemical staining of AL1A1, AK1C1 and AK1C3. Magnification, x200. B) Immunoreactivitiy with AL1A1, AK1C1, AK1C3, and CD44. The immunoreactivity was indicated as the percentage of immunopositive area at the maximal cut-surface of tumors.
4. Discussions
This study aimed at developing the way of proteomic distinction between LCNEC and SCLC, which will assist pathologic distinction that has not sometimes been straightforward, leading to therapeutic inefficiency. We have been focusing our attention on using laser-microdissection sampling from FFPE sections for proteomics to explore disease-related protein markers. We have already applied this method to both global semi-quantitative shotgun proteomics using spectral counting and MRM-based quantitative proteomics and successfully identified stage-related proteins on lung AC [11,12]. In this study, we used the same global shotgun method for comparison of three cancer groups (LCNEC, SCLC, and LCC) by spectral counting and explicitly interpreted three sets of pairwise G test results in the 3D G-statistic space (Figure 2). This resulted in identifying four proteins AL1A1, AK1C1 AK1C3 and CD44 that were expressed in LCNEC more than in SCLC and LCC with high probabilities. These proteomic findings using the limited scale of patients were confirmed by routine immunohistochemitry with additional patients. Moreover we identified other proteins related to these cancer groups in the present study, further demonstrating the technical feasibility of this FFPE proteomic method. The identified four proteins physiologically take part in known metabolic processes. AL1A1, AK1C1 and AK1C3 are cytosolic oxidoreductases that are involved in reduction of progesterone to the inactive form 20-alpha-hydroxy-progesterone, metabolism of steroids and prostaglandins with multi-specificity, oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid and the precursor of the storage form vitamin A, respectively. CD44 is one of cell-surface glycoproteins which relates to cell-cell interactions including adhesion and migration, and thus to tumor growth and progression [15]. When we have considered the properties common to these proteins that have apparently no functional relationship with one another, we noticed that AL1A1 [16,17], AK1C1 [18], AK1C3 [19] and CD44 [20] have been proposed to be the markers of cancer stem cells. Their expression in tumor cells could correlate with their aggressive biological behavior, drug resistance and poor prognosis, which are common characteristics of LCNEC and SCLC. The preferential expression of the cancer stem cell markers in LCNEC over SCLC suggests that the mechanism of increasing the extent of malignancy in LCNEC differs from that in SCLC. Previous studies suggested that these redox enzymes were present in a variety of malignant tumor cells. In particular, AK1C1, and AK1C3 are reported in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) cells [21], and a high expression of AL1A1 in lung cancer cell lines, especially in AC cell lines compared to LCC and SCLC cell lines [22-24]. To our knowledge, however, this is the first report of the statistically significant proteomic detection of AL1A1, AK1C1 and AK1C3 in clinical samples of lung cancers, especially in LCNEC. Out of the top five LCNEC-specific proteins, brain-type FABP7 is present in highly infiltrative malignant glioma and associated with enhanced cell migratory activity and thus with poor prognosis [25], suggesting for its involvement in the aggressive nature of LCNEC. Out of the top five down-regulated LCNEC proteins compared with SCLC, BASP is a potential tumor suppressor [26], consistent with its down-regulation in LCNEC, and its specific expression in SCLC suggests that different mechanisms of tumor growth could operate between LCNEC and SCLC. Another SCLC-specific SEGN is a novel neuroendocrine marker that has a distinct expression pattern from the conventional ones used in this study, consistent with being negative in LCNEC, and with the reported rate for positive staining in SCLC (26 out of 31) [27]. The role of AL1A1 in lung cancers is still unknown, but it is recently reported that AL1A1 plays an important role in Notch pathway [28]. Though there has been no effective chemotherapy to LCNEC, Sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the MAP kinase pathway, is effective to malignant tumor cells with AL1A [29]. AL1A1 would be not only cancer stem cell markers, but also an attractive target of treatment of LCNEC. In addition to statistically sorting protein expression levels by spectral counting, GO mapping of significant proteins on pairwise comparison (p < 0.05) provides insights into overall differences from pair and pair in their biological and molecular functions, and cellular components. Gene ontology distributions of molecular function and cellular components in neuroendocrine vs. non-neuroendocrine comparisons, i.e., LCNEC vs. LCC and SCLC vs. LCC, did not significantly differ from each other. On the other hand, those distributions in comparison within neuroendocrine groups, LCNEC vs. SCLC, differed greatly from those of the other pairs. This does encourage us to go ahead with further studies in this line and will promise to get target proteins of LCNEC eventually in future. We checked the rate of positive immuno-reaction of relevant antibodies with proteomics-identifying proteins for ten patients of each group (Figure 4B). Differences between the rates for all target proteins in LCNEC and SCLC are fully consistent with the proteomic results, confirming the specificity to LCNEC. The preferential expression of AL1A1 and AK1C1 in LCNEC over LCC was also immunochemically confirmed, and the rate of AL1A1 positive cases in LCC (20%) agreed with the previous results (25%, 1 of 4) [16]. In contrast, the positive staining rates of AK1C3 and CD44 in LCNEC and LCC were similar to each other. Close inspection of HE sections showed that the positive cases in LCC had small areas with neuroendocrine tendency in the tissue structure as pointed out above. Almost all sections of LCC exhibited no immunoreactivity with the neuroendocrine markers used except for weak reactivity (20 or 30%) in only two cases. This suggests that the LCNEC like structure observed in small portions of LCC sections does not necessarily contain enough secretory granules, but presumably contain LCNEC specific AK1C3 and CD44. Confirmatory conclusion of this issue should await proof by electron micrographic immunohitochemistry. A previous study indicated that CD44 was expressed more in SC (97%) and AC (71%) compared to LCC (29%) and SCLC (0%) [30] in agreement with the present positive rates for LCC (30%) and SCLC (0%).
5. Conclusions
We concluded that AL1A1, AK1C1, AK1C3, and CD44 were specific for the LCNEC phenotype in relation to SCLC and LCC through proteomics of FFPE samples. They were useful targets to immunohistochemically distinguish LCNEC from SCLC and LCC. Though we need a variety of studies with more extensive experimental and clinical data to assess the precise function of these marker candidates and confirm them as real biomarkers, this proteomic analysis was effective to detect them and will be applied to other phenotype of malignancies.
NSCLC: non-small cell lung carcinoma; LCNEC: large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; LCC: large cell carcinoma; SCLC: small cell lung carcinoma; CSC: cancer stem cell; LC: liquid chromatography; MS: mass spectrometry; FFPE: formalin-fixed paraffin embedded; LMD: laser microdissection; MS/MS: tandem mass spectrometry; ISIS: in-sample internal standard; AL1A1: aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A 1; AK1C1: aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1; AK1C3: aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3; HE: hematoxylin-eosin
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
MN coordinated the clinical and experimental parts of study and drafted the manuscript. TF and KF performed protein analysis through mass spectrometry. TK carried out proteomic data analysis. HT performed statistical analysis and helped to draft the manuscript. MK performed statistical analysis of G-test. YB helped us to use FFPE technique. AG suggested some important points of pathological diagnosis of LCNEC. MT offered clinical samples from patients. HO and TN pathologically diagnosed all samples independently. TO and NI supported us clinically and financially. NG supported us experimentally and financially. HK supported us clinically. GMV and TN coordinated FFPE project and assessed the results. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors wish to thank Hiroaki Iyobe for his excellent technical assistance and all the members of the first Department of surgery, Tokyo Medical University. This work was supported in part by financial support from the first department of surgery and the 3rd Cancer Broad Strategic Project of the Japanese Ministry of Public Welfare and Labor.
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Deng S, Yang X, Lassus H, Liang S, Kaur S, Ye Q, Li C, Wang LP, Roby KF, Orsulic S, Connolly DC, Zhang Y, Montone K, Bützow R, Coukos G, Zhang L: Distinct expression levels and patterns of stem cell marker, aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1 (ALDH1), in human epithelial cancers.
PLoS One 2010, 5:e10277. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Seo DC, Sung JM, Cho HJ, Yi H, Seo KH, Choi IS, Kim DK, Kim JS, El-Aty AMA, Shin HC: Gene expression profiling of cancer stem cell in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.
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Pfeiffer MJ, Smit FP, Sedelaar JP, Schalken JA: Steroidogenic enzymes and stem cell markers are up-regulated during androgen deprivation in prostate cancer.
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Palackal NT, Lee SH, Harvey RG, Blair IA, Penning TM: Activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon trans-dihydrodiol proximate carcinogens by human aldo-keto reductase (AKR1C) enzymes and their functional overexpression in human lung carcinoma (A549) cells.
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Sreerama L, Sladek NE: Class 1 and class 3 aldehyde dehydrogenase levels in the human tumor cell lines currently used by the National Cancer Institute to screen for potentially useful antitumor agents.
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Moreb JS, Zucali JR, Ostmark B, Benson NA: Heterogeneity of aldehyde dehydrogenase expression in lung cancer cell lines is revealed by Aldefluor flow cytometry-based assay.
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text:
Always On The Run power tab by Lenny Kravitz, added: March 11th, 2011
Profile History
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yankee-13, you stole my transcription, and you even didn't bother to remove my name in the file information. I would like this trancription to be deleted from this site. It can be found on Tablibrary.com. Henk Mosseveld

subset: commoncrawl


text:
PLEASE CLICK HERE TO VIEW OUR NEW IMPROVED WEBSITE WHICH INCLUDES AN ONLINE BOOKING OPTION www.bedandbreakfastconwy.co.uk
Also available 'Conwy View
Cottage' a lovely self-catering holiday-let within Conwy Town
Walls, close to our B&B. (click the above link for more info.)
Conwy Bed and Breakfast ( B&B ) Guest House accommodation within the historical town walls of Conwy, within a couple of minutes
walk from Conwy Castle. Gwynfryn Bed and Breakfast is a large 19th century Victorian Conwy House which has been lovingly
renovated into a Visit Wales 4 Star Boutique B&B Guest House offering
beautifully decorated comfortable B&B accommodation
In January 2008 Gwynfryn Bed and Breakfast ( B&B ) won the prestigous
'Travelers 2008 Choice' award from the independent travelers review
site 'Tripadvisor' after achieving 8th Best B&B in Euorpe, full
details can be seen by clicking on the above Tripadvisor icon and
following the link.
This was followed in May 2008 by an invite from Her Majesty the Queen
to attend a reception at Buckingham Palace to celebrate the British Hospitality
Industry. Upon arrival we were personaly introduce to the Queen and other members of the Royal family. After which we were able to
enjoy the reception with the the 350 other guests including Sir Rocco Forte, Michel & Albert Roux, Gordon
Ramsey and many more influential personalities
from the British Hospitality Industry. It was a major honour being a small B&B Guest House from Conwy North Wales rubbing shoulders with representitives from the major Hotels in Britain including Claridges & The Savoy Hotels.
Our B&B guest house is ideally situated within the heart of
the historical walled town of Conwy town just off Lancaster Square.
Close to all amenities, attractions (including Conwy Castle) and
both the Conwy Train Station & the local bus route for Conwy North Wales.
Conwy is the perfect base for visiting all of North Wales including
Snowdonia, Anglesey, Caernarfon, Llandudno, Deganwy and Betws-y-Coed
but to name a few.
Most famous for the magnificent Conwy Castle built by Edward I between
1283 - 1287 and also designated a World Heritage Site, Conwy can
truly lay claim to being one of the finest remaining medieval walled
towns. With a wealth of attractions that span the ages, events galore
and a wide range of shops and restaurants all within a short walk. Also Conwy highly acclaimed Albion Ale House having just been awarded the 'Best Pub in Wales 2013' is within a minutes walk serving a great selection of local real ales.
Gwynfryn (the name of which loosely translated means white hill)
was built in Conwy in 1873 as a residence for superintendent preacher
for the Conwy Wesleyan Methodists Tabernacl Chapel, which is situated to the
rear of the B&B. We moved to Conwy in December 2003 and purchased
Gwynfryn as a run down residential accommodation before transforming
it into a B&B Guest House over the following two years becoming
a fully operational Bed & Breakfast ( B&B ) in August 2005.
In 2009 we added a 2 bedroom self-catering holiday cottage also located in Conwy. Having purchased it in a fairly run down state we quickly transformed it into a lovely cosy holiday-let with stunning views of Conwy Castle from the roof terrace. For full details click on the link to the left which will take you through to Conwy View Cottage.
At the end of 2012 we purchased the neighbouring Tabernacl Chapel and now plan to extend the business during 2014. For full details please follow our Chapel Blog or see our new website.
Our bed and breakfast ( B&B ) accommodation consists of five rooms
which have been tastefully furnished in their own unique style.
All of which have en-suite facilities except for one room which
has its own separate private bathroom. All rooms include flat screen
LCD TV with integrated DVD player, complementary beverage tray,
mini fridge, electric fan, hairdryers, complementary toiletries
and benefit from free wireless broadband (wi-fi enabled). We also have
a computer for guest use with free internet access.
The luxurious Rouge Room also includes a king size wooden bed, open
wood beams and a large en-suite bathroom fitted with a free standing
Victorian roll top bath. This room also enjoys distant panoramic views of Conwy Town Walls
and the surrounding the Snowdonia skyline. Pictures of all our Bed &
Breakfast ( B&B ) accommodation can be seen on the 'Rooms' page.
As well as the full traditional cooked breakfast we are able to
provide various other tasty breakfast options, ranging from Welsh
Rarebit to natural yogurt & fresh fruit! Please see a full list
of options on our 'Rooms' page.
We do hope to see you at Gwynfryn Bed and Breakfast ( B&B ) Guest
House upon your next visit to Conwy. We can always assure you of
a warm welcome and will aim to make your stay as comfortable and
enjoyable as possible.
With regret we are unable to accept children under the age of 12 and no pets.
If you would like any further information on Gwynfryn Bed and Breakfast
( B&B) or Conwy please do not hesitate to contact us.
recommended in the Rick Steve's Great Britain Travel Guide & The
Lonely Planet"
PLEASE CLICK HERE TO VIEW OUR NEW IMPROVED WEBSITE WHICH INCLUDES AN ONLINE BOOKING OPTION www.bedandbreakfastconwy.co.uk
Gwynfryn Bed & Breakfast ( B&B
) Guest House.
4 York Place, Off Lancaster Square,
Conwy, North Wales, LL32-8AB.
Tel: 01492-576733 or 07947-272821.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Proprietors: Monica & Colin Le Boutillier.
Copyright: Gwynfryn Bed & Breakfast ( B&B
) Guest House Accommodation, Conwy, North Wales LL32 8AB. All
rights reserved.
Conwy Morfa (Beach) weather forecast is generated by the Met Office Weather Widget


text:
HP teases Envy Spectre in possible ultrabook rivalry
updated 07:45 pm EST, Mon January 2, 2012
HP Spectre may be ultrabook Envy
HP has teased that it might have more at CES than it has told the media in a teaser slipped out Monday. Called just the Spectre in the video (below) seeded to Engadget and multiple other sites, and believed to be part of the Envy line, it looks to be an extremely thin notebook with a flat lid. Very little else is shown other than patterns that infer the very thin design.
The company technically has an ultrabook, the Folio 13. At well over three pounds, though, it stretches the definition of the category and is intended mostly for business and cost-conscious users. Envy notebooks are usually targeted at gamers and high-end users. If the same as the FCC filing, it could be a 14-inch notebook.
Convenient timing from the HP employee has the teaser arriving just before CES and makes the Spectre a candidate for the Las Vegas show. It could show HP competing more directly with the Apple MacBook Air and ASUS Zenbook series rather than trying to avoid competition.


text:
Microsemi Enables FPGA-Based Root-of-Trust Solution for Embedded Systems with Introduction of Secure Boot Reference Design
ALISO VIEJO, Calif., Feb. 11, 2014 /PRNewswire/ Microsemi Corporation (MSCC), a leading provider of semiconductor solutions differentiated by power, security, reliability and performance, today unveiled its new FPGA-based Secure Boot Reference Design for embedded microprocessors. This new reference design uses the advanced security features in its mainstream SmartFusion2 SoC FPGAs to securely boot any application processor in an embedded system, and ensures that processor code can be trusted during execution. This allows applications running on the securely booted processor to extend that trust to their system and to other connected systems.
"Microsemi continues to broaden its security offering and solve increasingly critical trusted computing challenges," said Tim Morin, director of marketing at Microsemi. "Very few processors today can be booted securely and therefore are untrusted, and yet threats have never been greater, especially as the industry embeds processors into increasingly critical applications, such as driver assist in automotive, process control and automation for manufacturing, as well as our hyper-connected world in the emerging Internet-of-Things. Microsemi's innovative reference design can protect these systems and applications at the most basic level, reducing user risk and limiting exposure by ensuring that all system processors are executing authenticated code."
Without a secure boot process, code executing on any embedded system is by definition untrusted. Untrusted systems present risk to a company's brand, can expose companies to contractual liabilities and in some cases can lead to loss of life. Microsemi's reference design implements a "chain of trust" process. At each stage of the boot-process through to the top application layer, each subsequent boot phase is validated by the previously trusted code before further code execution is allowed.
Secure Boot Reference Design Key Features
Microsemi's reference design is enabled by its SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA, which offers a number of advanced security features including on-chip oscillators, accelerators for cryptographic services, secure key storage, a true random number generator, on-chip boot code storage in secure embedded flash memory (eNVM) and at-speed serial peripheral interface (SPI) flash memory emulation to enable a secure boot of an external processor at speed. The devices also feature stronger design security than other FPGAs and include differential power analysis (DPA) resistant anti-tamper measures using technology licensed from Cryptography Research Incorporated (CRI).
The reference design also provides a public instance of Microsemi's WhiteboxCRYPTO security product, which enables transport of a symmetric encryption key in a plain text environment through complex algebraic decomposition of the crypto key and strong obfuscation. A graphical user interface (GUI) device allows users to encrypt their application code for subsequent programing into an SPI flash and decryption in the host processor for execution. In addition, a complete user's guide assists developers with implementing secure boot capabilities in their embedded systems.
When compared to other 5G SERDES-based FPGAs under 150K logic elements (LEs), SmartFusion2 devices' high level of integration provides the lowest total system cost versus competitive FPGAs while improving reliability, significantly reducing power and systematically protecting customers' valuable design IPs.
Microsemi Security Portfolio
Microsemi provides uncompromising security wherever data is collected, communicated, or processed, and whenever its accuracy, availability, and authenticity are essential. For more than a decade, the company's security experts have been providing information assurance (IA) and anti-tamper (AT) solutions and services to fortify critical program information and technology. Microsemi security products are used by U.S. federal organizations and commercial entities in applications requiring a high level of electronic security including financial, digital rights management, gaming, industrial automation and medical. Microsemi's security solutions portfolio includes FPGAs, SoC products, cryptography solutions, TRRUST-Stor solid state drives (SSD), intellectual property (IP) and firmware. The company also offers a comprehensive range of security related services, as well as design, assembly, packaging and testing services all in its trusted facility.


text:
Fishibx.com Fishing Report
Updated by Captain Mitchell Blake, week in review.
March 9 Got some Shad, Herring and Stripers today on fly and light tackle, mighty good fishing.
March 4 Striper Season is open on the Roanoke and the fish are here. Take advantage of some awesome fishing for Shad and Stripers. with a mixed bag trip.
Feb. Ice and snow, Ice and snow, rain, rain, cold wind weather sucks! Pulled off some 30-60 fish half days between the events without seeing another boat also got to pull on some record class Gar.
Jan. Started steady but weather patterns toward the end of the month pushed fish around. Despite the temps I was still able to put my customers on some awesome Striper Fishing!
2014 Happy New Year!
Dec. 31 Lots of rain but still getting 60-120 fish Striper days!
Dec 23 The past couple weeks the fishing has been outstanding! I'm talking 100 fish half days, 200 fish full days. If you want in on the action give me a call 252-495-1803. Sorry I don't have many pics this round but releasing 200 Stripers....its tough to find time for photos.
Dec. 6 The past couple of weeks I've been catching some awesome fish with the exception of today....the nearly 80 degree day.....I just couldn't get the fish to play. Here are some pics of the past few days.......
Nov. 22 Been getting some Trout to mix it up but with an awesome Striper bite plus fish ranging 22-30 inches and every angler seeing double digits, well you know what I'm going to do.
Nov. 16 Record low the other day, walked outside and it was snowing.....not enough to cover the ground but it was snowing. Today, Tshirts on the water. Anyhow this is whats been happening on my end. I've had some 50 fish days...I've had some 200 lb days.... I've had a customer cancel because they read fish will not bite before, during or after a cold front or something like that. Anyhow here is what I've been doing before during and after
Nov 5 Been crushing the Striped Bass!
Oct. 9 Now back to work Pamlico River
Oct. 5 Got the shine back on the Skimmer!
Sept 29 With a few days of steady NE winds we are changing gears from the Trophy Red Drum. I'm going to take a few days and clean the boats plus prep some tackle for Oct 1, the start of Striper Season! Look out Pamlico River Stripers!
Sept 19 Unbelivable Trophy Red Drum fishing! Not much time to post to the site, check out the action and up to date post on Facebook (Fishibx, Mithchell Blake) Pics will come soon only a few more dates open for the season call for details. Also Striped Bass season is just around the corner, book now!
Aug. 31 Wide open Trophy Red Drum! Overall the past 3 weeks have been good. Looking back through my notes all my full days have landed trophies, my half days have also been strong with the exception of two trips. One of which we kept getting pushed by storms and one I just couldn't get a big Drum to eat. Looking forward to another month of Trophy Drum call now to get in on the aciton.
Aug. 5 Lately it's been Reds, hunting Tarpon, Flounder, Blues, Spadefish, Trout.... another week or so full time Trophy Reds. Here is a couple from the past few days.
July 9 Plenty of action today on the Neuse with Trout and Flounder.
July 8 Back to the Roanoke to for one last summer run and hit double digits but the fish have rolled out.
July 7 Awesome showing of Silver today, went 1 for 2 on the Tarpon!
July 6 Water went out today on the Roanoke temps went to 80, 50 fish for the day....Going after a Tarpon in the a.m.
July 1 It's been awesome Striper Fishing the past couple weeks, also found some Trout and Flounder action.
June 22 Stripers are stacked, 50 fish half days!
June 15 More Flounder and Trout
June 14 Stripers, Reds, few Flounder and caught my first bunch of Croakers today.... You know what, Tarpon will not be long now.
May 23 A release of water turned the water over and the fish moved a little to stay comfortable. Well, I found them again and with that slug of water came the post spawn females. 33 inch stuff will get you going, along with mixed Reds, Trout, White Perch etc. etc., It's on again!
May 10 Wide open! Striped Bass are busting top-water lures also a Fly anglers paradise. Trout get what you need head for the Reds because that's where it's at! Thick.
April 10 Albemarle Sound and Roanoke River have responded well to the warm up. Water temps have hit 57 and climbing daily. Also the fish are responding with an increase in numbers and size classes.
April 2 Roanoke temps have been in the high 40's through most of March, this week I've seen 53. We need one of two things, current or warmer water now and the Stripers will respond to spawn mode. Plenty of Shad on the upper river if anyone wants to go!
March Where did March go? Gang I will be updating regularly going forward I've been spending a ton of time getting 2013 in order and now were on go! As for fishing in March the Stripers on the Albemarle Sound and Roanoke River weren't what I was expecting. I've been on fish, but decent fish are not setting the world on fire. Also spent some time on video so the people at home keep your eye open for some awesome fly footage with Carolina Outdoor Journal.
Feb 26 The fishing has junmped into high gear! 80-100 fish days on Roanoke Stripers, excelent catches of Trout, Reds and Stripers on the Pamlico and Neuse. Roanoke keeper season is March 1, book now!
Jan 19 Past couple weeks I've been busy fishing and working shows, as for the fishing the weather has been accross the board. The water temps have covered an easy 15 degree roller coaster this month making patterns change daily. I've still been managing to pull off apx. 15+ fish on the half day double it for the full. We now have a cold blast on us so this should put the fish back in a Winter pattern and I do expect an increase of fish over the next few weeks. All in all, the fishing hasn't been bad with some nice Stripers on light tackle and the fly and several Gar in the 15-25lb range.
Jan. 1 Happy New Year! Be sure to book your Jan Date now as I try to provide my customers with the best light tackle Striper fishing NC has to offer.
Dec. 28 Ran a half day on the fly, ended up with around 20 +/- Stripers!
Dec 23 Water temps took a plunge to 47, but the 20k wind is off my face and we made up some ground with nearly 40 fish on the half day.
Dec. 22 Wind was a little rough out today, kinda limited in what I could do. Ended up with apx. 14-15 fish for the kids on a half day
Dec. 17 This past week has been 100 fish days, with the start of our big fish coming in. Had a cow on that wouldn't go into the net yesterday .... a little tackle tweak will happen today, or my large landing net will be on the boat going forward!
Dec 10 Just under 40 Stripers on the half day and would could have been a state record? You talk about fight!
Dec. 9 Father and Son landed just under 40 on a half day.
Dec. 8 Teaching my boys how to target Stripers!
Dec 7 50 fish half days on the fly and light tackle
Dec 5 The full moon put a little spread on the fish but I've got the new pattern dialed back in.
Nov. 26 Neuse River limits
Nov 24 Pamlico River to check on some of my favorite holes and found plenty of big ones.
Nov.23 Anglers getting slams, awesome fishing!
Nov. 18 This past week was some awesome fishing, spent most of my time on Stripers and closed in the gap with Trout. Last Thursday was a record day, Stripers on every cast for hours with lots of fish over slot. Nothing gets you fired up like 4-10 lb fish cast after cast!
Nov. 5 Stripers are coming back around getting them on top along with some huge Trout!
Oct was tough for Stripers, Trout fishing has been good to the East however.
Sept 18, 2012 Striped Bas Top Water is on FIRE!
Sept. 10 Trophy Reds for several more weeks, the fishing is great!
Aug 27 Red Drum are wide open!
July 9 Awesome fishing!! Landed Tarpon, Trophy Red Drum and the light tackle runs have been wide open Grand Slams (Trout, Reds, Flounder, Stripers)!!!!
July 1 Completed my post spawn Striper trips on the fly and we crushed triple digit days all of June!!!! Need to check my log but I think the past 6 months I've released around 5000 Stripers. Now time to switch boats and gear.
June 18 All of June has offered triple digit days on post spawn Stripers!!! Also plenty of White Perch in the sound!
May 30 We've had a major rain event so I pushed East to Ocracoke to fish for a few days looking for a Cobia. No Cobia but lots of fun with the kids.
May 20 We have turned to post spawn Stripers on the Neuse and Pamlico and the topwater action has been crazy!
May 5 Fishing has been good with plenty of Striped Bass, Trout, and Rays on the Neuse and plenty of Stripers on the Roanoke.
April 16 Weldon Stripers (30 fish days over the past couple weeks), Neuse Stripers and Trout (30 fish days), Lower Roanoke Stripers (30 fish half days)
March 26 Shad bite is over for me, I've been hitting the Neuse and Pamlico having some great Striper and Trout fishing. Still planning on Weldon unless this bite stays strong around home.
March 12 The past couple weeks we've gone from over 50 + fish half days to 5 fish half days on the Stripers. Looks like I'll go after Shad for the next few weeks in Weldon or the Neuse. By the way I'll also be fishing Weldon for Stripers in April being the lower Roanoke is so low. Call me if you want on.
Feb. 20 The weather has been great and the fishing has been awesome. Still getting 80-100 fish on a full day charter! NC can be a top fishing destination 12 months a year.
Feb. 6 Big fish came in with some Hickory Shad over the weekend, check out this brute on the Fly Rod!
Feb. 2 On the Fly, single, doubles, triples on Spinning gear! Huge perch, gar, cats and lots of Stripers over the past few days.
Jan. 30 This is some of the best Winter fishing I've seen, had an 80 fish half day, lots of 50 fish half days!
Jan. 24 Lots of Stripers and White Perch 80-100 fish full days!
Jan. 18 50 fish half days!
Jan. 17 They've come on strong!! Crushing the Stripers!
Jan. 12 Haven't posted in a while, great Christmas and New Years with the family. Fishing has been all over the board with great numbers and low numbers, big fish and small. The water temps are still running 48 range and we've been working hard to stay on moving fish and with the hard work I'm back on a good pattern and bite. Here are a few photos of the past few weeks...... Also wanted to thank George Poveromo for asking me to be a part of the 25th anniversary National SaltWater Sportsman Seminar Series and The Raligh Fishing Expo for asking me to participate in 3 of their seminars.
Dec. 18 Striped Bass are still in high gear, water temps are running high 40's at night and low 50's in the p.m. Still have a topwater bite coming on some pm trips along with plenty of action throughout the day.
Dec. 11 I'm on some Stripers, have a couple dates open to finish out Dec. and the fishing is good. Be sure to check the family and I out at the Raleigh Fresh and Saltwater Expo Jan. 6, 7, and 8. I'll have a space again this year and I've been invited to talk about Striped Bass fishing at several seminars throughout the weekend. Also I'll be in New Bern Jan. 14 with George Poveromo and the Saltwater Sportsman National Seminar Series be sure to reserve your seat today online at nationalseminarseries.com. Hope to see you there!
Dec. 6 Fishing is good! Stripers from big to small. Top, fly, casting, trolling, jig, we've got a Winter, Spring, and Fall pattern tied into one!
Nov. 22 TOP WATER.....Fly....... It's awesome! New Temple Fork Outfitter 8wt straight out of the box and this is the first Striped Bass it landed.
Nov. 15 Striper bite has been awesome, some huge fish came on this week and theTrout bite has been good all month.
Oct. 31 Stripers from top to bottom with huge White Perch, look me up for some awesome Fall fishing.
Oct. 14 Crushing the Stripers on Top!
Oct. 11 A visit to the Roanoke to see what"s what, the lower Roanoke, Middle and Cashie all looked like black coffee. Can't say I've seen that before but hit some areas casting for Stripers 0, hit some areas that hold Bass and got one hook up but got off ?, loaded up and went to the sound and found some short Stripers. O'well got to start the hunt somewhere.
Oct. 9 Red Drum rods are put away after a great season, for the past couple of weeks I've been doing the mixed bag thing and fishing has been good. Catching Trout, Flounder and Stripers for inshore slam trips.
Sept. 17 The post Irene fishing remianed great in the areas I fish, lower Neuse and Pamlico Sound, with catches of Trophy Red Drum, huge Croakers, Sea Mullet, couple Spot and few Trout. Lets keep our fingers crossed the upper reaches of the rivers are back in shape for Fall Stripers.
Aug. 22 Huge Reds! I've been on some awesome Reds, last week my customers landed several fish over 50 inches! Along with the Reds catches of Croakers and Sea Mullet have been strong. Also guess what decided to show up today.....the Tarpon, cutting mullet in a small bay, so in the a.m.I'll be after them.
Aug. 8 Flounder bite has started but putting most of my time in on the Huge Reds, and by the way the Trophy Reds have kicked off. Don't know what the Tarpon have done, we've had a large amount of dead water pushing around in the rivers and it must of put the Tarpon in another zip code.
July 26 Tarpon! Not much going on with Drum,Trout and Flounder.
June 10 Lots of good things going on, filmed what just may be a top 10 Striper video on fly with Carolina Outdoor Journal. Got to love it when batteries go dead filming nonstop action! Every now and then the stars align and it happened on film! Fish every cast for hours! I put 2 anglers bringing in 4 fish at a time cast after cast, needless to say things got crazy......... Also TARPON, the Pamlico looks like a repeat of the 2009 season and if the fish respond like I think they will it's going to be a record setter. If you want in on catching the most powerful fish that swims our rivers and sounds call me today! Boat is on go, I'm already scouting and I'm willing to say there will be a fish on in 2 weeks, let your name be on it!
June 6 Just back from Ocracoke and it was awesome, first off it didn't blow everyday like last year and the fishing was good! There were Spanish and Blues along the beach, nothing huge but great for the cooler. Cobia were along the beach also but I couldn't buy a bite casting so I quickly changed my approach and then came Sharks and Cobia on line! Great times, and if anyone is looking a get away I've got a cottage for rent on the Island.
May 26 Folks, I'm on a bite that's breaking records daily! It's the best I've seen in my 33 years! You name it, Top, Bottom, Between, Fly, double Fly, I'll stop there!
May 23 Back down on the lower portion of the Raonoke and the Striper bite has been awesome. Huge schools of fishing taking topwater and more. I plan on catching Stripers on the lower Roanoke through May 27. From there I'm going to Ocacoke for 2 weeks and hit some Cobia, Blues, Spanish and more. Summer plans will be the same as the past, working the Pamlico and Neuse Rivers for Tarpon, Drum and Flounder. BOOK TODAY if you want a date for Tarpon in July!
May 15 Last trip in Weldon for the year and had a great time landing Stripers!
May 2 Fishing Weldon, waters at 67, one limit, 2 limits, 3 limits, 4. Plenty of Stripers! Look me up I plan to fish the upper end for several weeks now.
April 25 Water temps at 64 still nothing on top for the Stripers, this past week the water has been coming up making us work hard for the fish. To sum it up there hasn't been a huge push of fish on the lower end, just trickles of fish so..... It looks like I'll be going to Weldon for May in serch of some barn burner days.
April 18 Water temps have reached 62, caught some 22 inch fish over the weekend along with some Largemouth Bass. The top water bite still hasn't come on for me.
April 11 Stripers have been slow, having to work hard for them.
March 21 The past week the Largemouth Bass have been biting good, Stripers have slowed down a little and the size class of fish is running a little smaller but we are getting some keeper fish. The average for the week was around 13 fish on the half day. With the water temps going over 55 look out for the upcoming weeks, things should turn up!
March 14 Last past week was another week of good fishing, some under slot fish came in so I had to bounce around to find the keeper class but mission accomplished and happy anglers! Last weeks average was apx. 20 fish on the half day.
March 7 Striped Bass fishing is hot!
Feb. 22 I've been on the Roanoke River, Pamlico River and Albemarle Sound. The Striped Bass fishing has been GREAT! Also, Shad and running, White Perch, Speckled Perch and Largemouth Bass are all coming on. Book NOW for early Sping dates, things are going fast.
Feb.21 Pamlico River to see what the Stripers were up to and found some hook bending action! 22-26 inch class fish.
Feb. 18 Speckled Perch, White Perch and Striped Bass, Huge Gar. 40 fish half day, 24 Stripers were in the keeper slot!
Feb 17 Big Moon and the bite is light but I'm still getting my customers on some # days.
Feb. 15 The first two weeks of Feb. have been across the board with rain, snow, and 70 degree weather and don't forget a blow or two! Striped Bass catch numbers are a little behind Jan. but the average is still strong with a 23 fish half day average! Some schools of Shad have also started up the Roanoke River so I'll keep you posted on what's next.
Jan. 31 This past weekend offered some fun under the sun! All my customers had a ball, Striped Bass bite was again strong, landed a 50 inch Gar that was just massive, White Perch were thick and even got to pull on some huge Carp! Now that's a first casting to schooling Carp but I'll take that fight any day.
Jan. 27 We've had a little more snow, a blow and last weeks charters averaged out at 42 Striped Bass on the half day. THATS STRONG. I'm excited about this weekend, looks like a SW wind may push us a little break on the cold. Also if you want prime dates for the spring call me now, dates will go fast and based off the winter fishing, this spring is going to put us on a class of fish that will be second to none!
Jan. 17 The Striped Bass bite is as strong as I've seen since I started guiding 6 years ago!
Jan. 10 A little snow.
Jan. 6-9 Raleigh Expo.
Jan. 3 Back on the water to find some NICE STRIPERS!
Jan. 1 Family loaded up on a road trip to Ocracoke, Kaden, Kylie and I had a ball surf fishing! The ocean was awesome, and got to see some Reds working the sloughs.
Dec. 28 huge melt in from the snow, 35 degree water, and couldn't get the fish to bite.
Dec. 27 Removed the snow and ice from the boat to get back on the action.
Dec 25-26 8 inches of snow!
Dec. 21 the water temp has fallen to a cool 39 but the Striped Bass are eating! 32 Striped Bass.
Dec. 20 28 Striped Bass
Dec. 19 15 Striped Bass.
Dec. We've had our first and second snow and the melt which has pushed our water temp to the low 40's and some Striped Bass have started to bite. I'll be running my cabin boat over to the Albemarle to fish the next few months behind the curtains and with the heater fired up so never mind the cold temps!
Dec.1 Small Seatrout.
Nov. 1 I've been fishing several times on the Albemarle Sound to locate my run of Fall Striped Bass with no fish to be found. Since the last rain in Oct. the fish have decided to change zip codes so I'm going to run SE to look some takers. By doing so, I've found some awesome Seatrout fishing! They aren't big fish but in great numbers when you find them, so I'll be after the specks and reds a little longer and check in on the Stripers every couple of days to see when they want to play. I've also been to Morehead a couple of times to pull on some Spot and thats a ball so if you're looking for something along that line, call me I'm in.
Oct. 19 Made it over to fish the Roanoke this past Sunday after Greenville Marines 2 day classic, I see they left some Largemouth behind so that's good. Didn't find my Striped Bass however I did see some fish on the depth finder that I will need to put some time on. Also caught some perch and Jack to round out the p.m. water temp was at 67.
Oct. 17 Since my last update we've had between 15-20 inches of rain and just after the rain the fishing was awesome on the Reds and Flounder. Now it's been about two weeks and the fishing has been tough to say the least. Just after the rain the fish came out of the creeks and stacked up along the upper reaches of the rivers and we put were able to catch lots of fish in small areas, now all the water has mixed and the bite has been tough! It's been tough to make the adjustment and leave the areas that were so productive but the fish have moved so we are changing gears with them. I'm going over to the Albemarle Sound today to check on my Stripers, water temp is in the high 60's, low 70's so things should start to fire off. I'll keep you posted on what I do.
Sept. 20 Trophy Reds are still the highlight, also the Flounder and Puppy Drum bite is going strong!
Sept. 7 Trophy Reds!!!!!!!!! The bite is HOT! Flounder and Puppy Drum are doing it up also!
Aug. 31 Trophy Red Drum in the p.m., Flounder and Puppy Drum in the a.m., fishing is Good!
Aug. 22 Red Drum and Flounder have been the action for the last week or so.
Aug. 10 Tarpon, Ciatation Class Red Drum, some Spanish and Flounder!
July 19 Tarpon are here! Also Flounder and Reds.
July 6 I've seen that silver flash on the Pamlico Sound and returned with high hopes but the wind has played the upper hand, so the Tarpon run is an ongoing search adventure for now. The first week in July has produced some good fishing with some nice upper slot Red Drum landings and some keeper Flounder. Also seeing some small Croakers and plenty of Cownose Rays.
June 23 Been running over the Pamlico and Neuse searching a pattern and haven't been able to produce anything solid to speak of. This years first Red Drum over 40lbs. did come last week so I guess I'll put in some more time looking them and Tarpon.
June 10 Roanoke River for some Striped Bass action, today was the second day of West blow and Rockfish must be full, they will not eat anything. So plan B, Largemouth Bass and did well.
June 8 Huge Croakers, found some keeper Flounder and some slot Red Drum on some new Oyster Rocks on the Neuse!
June 4 Fished Ocracoke, Spanish and Blues in Blair and Wallace Ch. Several boats were after the Cobia with catches also.
May 30 Roanoke River, Stripers are cutting minnows on top and a plenty of small Largemouth Bass.
May 29 Pungo River, plenty of Cownose Rays and a few Red Drum for a mid-day trip.
May 26 I've been rained on for 3 days now and the water is backing hard on the Pamlico. There are a few Flounder and Red Drum, 0 Trout and some nice Croakers. The other Captains that fish with me said the Pamlico Trout are gone, usually gone means you can still catch a few but these fish are gone. Maybe I'll stumble on the hideout if there is one in the next few days.
May 23 Today was a fun day tried for a little of everthing and caught a little of everything. Striped Bass, Bream, Bowfin, Largemouth and Crappie were landed today on the Roanoke. Next week I shift to the Pamlico catching up on the Trout, Flounder and Red Drum, can't wait!
May 22 On the Roanoke, things still haven't settled out from the rain, 10 Striped Bass, several Largemouth and several Bowfin.
May 20 Few days of rain has the Roanoke mixed up, Fished today with about 20 Stripers landed.
May 15 Thought about a Cobia, found schooling Bluefish on the ride and had a ball catching!
May 10 Not much on top today but triple hook ups all a.m. long! Landed well over 100+ Striped Bass on the half day! The fishing is on FIRE!
May 9 Crushed the Stripers! Doubles, Triples! All size classes!
May 8 Fished 2 hours, 40 Striped Bass
May 5 Awesome top water bite on the Stripers!
May 1 30 or so Striped Bass, most were bucks. Also picking up a mixed bag on the Striped Bass trips, they incl. Gar, Largemouth Bass, Bowfin and the bream should fire up on this full moon! On the salt side of the water there were some Trout caught and the Red Drum are out and about!
April 25 Wind is howling, put the smack on some fish today, any cast that didn't pick up trash from the trees got a bite! I even got to fish a little today and made an angler error on the largest fish I've had on this year. I had him, turned him twice and then he ran straight toward a hazard and I put a little to much on him and pulled the hook! O'well, that's how they get big.
April 23 42 Striped Bass on the half day!
April 19 Things fired back up!
April 18 Today the bite shut down, cool temps water was backing in, just one of those where the bite was tough. The a.m. bite was shut down with only a handful of Striped Bass and the p.m. was a mirror image with only a handful of Striped Bass, couple of Gar hookups and a Catfish.
April 17 Fish moved a little with the big shift in water, had 2 anglers for the p.m. and they landed 24 Stripers out of the woods and a 49 inch Gar on 10 lb test!
April 16 West wind put the bite on! 74 Striped Bass casting for the day!
April 15 34 Striped Bass, few perch and some lunker Largemouth Bass.
April 11 Water hit 61, found some huge fish on top water this p.m. with a 50 fish day.
April 10 Conditions formed for a 30 fish 1/2 day on the Striped Bass with lots of nice perch mixed.
April 8 Roanoke River spawning run has started after a little lull for me! Shad have decided to play a little and the Striped Bass numbers are back into the double digit half days. There's been a few days that the bottom anglers have put smoke on them and casting has also been prducing some nice fish. Water temps are in the mid 60's and Thursday produced an hour of top water action at dusk, so good things should be here with more to come.
March 23 Roanoke River to find a good Striper bite, found the fish but the wind wouldn't let us stay. Rain, blowing 25 plus, cold, just tough conditions tried to find some areas that would allow us to catch fish without being blown off the boat but the wind found us eveywhere. Caught 6, broke one off and a Gar. When the customers opened their lunch box it revealed 5 bright yellow Bananas, and I almost fell out, you know the rule about Bananas onboard.
March 21 Roanoke for Striped Bass, must of landed close to 45 Striped Bass!
March 19 Went to the Neuse for Shad and it was shut down also, I seam to be good at shutting down the Shad bite these days, don't know whats up there.
March 18 Roanoke for Striped Bass to get myself back together, 40 fish day!
March 17 Tried the Roanoke for Shad and got a big Skunk.
March 12 Fished New Bern today in the blowing rain, landed one Striped Bass and had a few strikes, just tough conditions.
March 10 Plenty of muddy water, catching about a dozen Stripers a half day.
March 8 Past week the fishing has been fishing, putting together a handful of Striped Bass but having to work to get them. The Commercial net season is open with a 10 fish limit so they can make quick work on the fish in the hot spots, so...... I'm having to search and fish a lot of areas to produce. Looking back into my books you can see a huge drop in catch numbers when the net season opens. I go from catching an average 30 fish on a half day to catching 7 or 8 fish on a half day. Some say ole, March is a transition month, it's tough to catch fish when they start to suspend. My experience is it's tough to catch fish that disappeared last night.
Shad, no good reports still, but things should start to fire off soon.
Feb.27 Yesterday the wind blew 30 all day, today I'm looing at 39.9 degree water on the rise, and all mud with a 12 mph wind! Managed to search up 8 Striped Bass and a Gar or two for a half day. Just couldn't get the fish to turn on, we were getting bites on every third cast of so but the fish were just shut down. Forecast is calling for another snow day on Tuesday, maybe just maybe this will be the last. We should be looking at water temps in the mid to high 40s and when they do get there, look out, I'm going to have a party!
Feb. 25 Snow is coming down.
Feb. 22-23 Pamlico River Striped Bass have been on a two day bite but it looks like the weather is going to make short work of fun under the sun.
Feb. 21 This was the third day of the warming trend and the fishing produced.
Feb.19 Just coming out of another week of cold temps, hit the water around 9:30 looking at 39 degree water in search of some active Striped Bass. Today was going to be just a little different, I had two experienced fly anglers looking to for the first Striped Bass of the year. Within a half hour the first fish took a clouser out of 19 foot of water and was in hand shortly after. Fish number 2 set the pattern for the day and created a mixed bag of Striped Bass and Gar.
Feb.14 Going Fishing, over 3 inches of snow on the dock, broke ice to get out, couldn't find fish in the river so broke ice through a creek and found some fish. Ended up landing 2 Striped Bass and missed maybe 14 more. Water temp 35
Feb. 9 Rain all day, Feb. 10 winds blowing 20+ all day, Feb 12. three inches of snow.
Feb. 7 cold blow
Feb. 6 Little Snow coming down on the Roanoke, winds blowing and the water is just looks crazy, not the forecast I want to pass on.
Feb. 5 Cold rain all day and night, what was left of the snow is now gone off the back deck.
Feb. 2 Rain, again and cold, weekly forecast also has 3 more days of rain it looks like. Need a little break in these systems, the guides are getting the true meaning of "Cold, Hard Cash".
Jan. 30, 31 3" of snow, no, no, no!
Jan 28 Got DEOTV.net to air a show for eastern NC and the days forecast was calling for the temps to hit mid 50 range, low winds. Launched the boat at 8 a.m. with 35 degree temps and the water was thick! All the runoff had hit from the prior rain, mixing things up to the max! Found some fish caught one on the first cast and then nothing, the fish just couldn't see the lures. Picked up and ran, muddy water, picked up and ran, muddy water, picked up and ran, muddy water, picked up and found the last of the clear and the fishing was epic. The camera rolled through 2 batteries and two disk of catching and then the camera man got some catching with us! All in all a great time on the water, be sure to check out deotv.net for part one of Roanoke Rockfish. Don't mind the missed hook sets by yours truely the fish were chomping and I was poking all that would bump the lure. Also I think I said Jan. maybe 20 times but that was my first rodeo and I'm sure "when" will not be a missing clue. Couple of hours the total was 30+.
Jan.26 Coming off the 3inch down poor of rain, don't know what it's going to do for clear winter water but it will increase flow and the catch numbers went to a 40 fish half day and the big fish were back.
Jan.24 Water is back up to 44 degrees, got a strong South wind that brought a day of 60+ degree weather and I put the smack on the Stripers. Over 40.
Jan. 17 Looking for the big fish that we were on before the ice, 3 hours 8 Striped Bass, missed 8 more, East wind + ice cold water made it shut down. Glad to see the air temps get above 60.
Jan. 16 Water starts at 35 degrees, creeks still holding ice, looking for a pattern to start the day. Fish on! Doubles! 1/2 day trip ended with 30 Striped Bass, a dozen or so missed, and a Gar that could give the state record a run.
Jan. 15 Creeks still covered in ice, river temps started at 33-34 degrees backing off the trailer, air temps started at 30 degrees, a million thoughts run through my head for a pattern. Marked some fish but couldn't make them bite, tweaked a little on the pattern and moved, fish on! 1/2 day trip ended with 8 Striped Bass and missed a half dozen or so.
Jan. 8-10 Raleigh Fishing Expo, thanks to all for coming out! Eastern NC has been hit by a week of cold temps turning the creeks to ice, this will be the coldest water temps I've tried to fish.
Dec.31 More rain last night into the a.m., water temp pushed down to 41 on the Roanoke but managed to find some new fish runs. Landed 54 Stripers casting, most all were over 5lbs with some pushing up to 9 lbs. Great fishing!
Dec. 28 Family outing, wanted to get my wife and son on some fish so I returned to the Roanoke so my 2 year old could break in his new rod. Mom missed a fish on the third cast but got one on the 5th. Kaden landed him a 2 pounder with a little help on the cast but he's got it down. We were able to fish for an hour and landed 7 good fish.
Dec. 27 Just got some more rain, but headed back to the Roanoke to see if the Stripers were starting to run the winter pattern. The water is the highest I've seen in 4 years and back to the good-ole-days of fishing in the mud. Despite the 44 degree, muddy, high, ripping current I was able to go straight to the fish and had a customer land a fish within the first 20 cast. Half day trip one customer landed 16 or so and missed a few more, most fish were in the 4 plus pound range. It's on now!
Dec. 10 Now we are looking for a break from the rain pattern so we can get back on the Stripers.
Nov. Catching Striped Bass on the Pamlico River, Neuse River and Roanoke River.
Oct. 16 Back on the Pamlico to tune in some fish and try some new ideas and things turned out great! The Stripers were willing despite the wind and cold mist. Ended up with around 18 top water catches and many more strikes.
Oct. 11 This was my first trip back to the Roanoke in several months, I wanted to see if the Striped Bass were in some of the old holes and within 20 cast, I found them. Also found a new stump in some deep water and played with the Largemouth Bass for a while. Half day trip ended with around 10 Stripers, close to 30 Largemouth, several Perch and a mix of Jack and Bowfin. All in all the fishing was off the charts.
I haven't taken the time to post in some time but fishing has been great, Aug. was full of Tarpon, Sept was full of Huge Red Drum, Oct. went off the charts with both trophy Reds and slot class fish and with the temps cooling quickly, I've changed gears and started after the Striped Bass.
Aug. 8 The Trophy Red Drum are making a showing but the Tarpon bite has gone off the charts with some awesome, awesome catches!
July 11 The Flounder bite is on, Pamlico River call for some details!
July 3 a.m. trip one person landed 40+ on top water.
July 1 Striped Bass should last until the water drops, you need to get in on it while it's a sure thing!.
June 24 Roanoke River Striped Bass are on Fire, I have a top water bite that is lasting up to 4 hours, then we're catching them deep. All fish are being released alive the water temp is still in the 70's.
June 22 Puppy Drum, Flounder and Seatrout!
June 3 This week I've been picking up lots of Flounder, some nice Puppy Drum, and some nice Seatrout with some mixed Striped Bass along the way.
May 25 I'm catching Striped Bass, Largemouth Bass, Bream, Flounder, Puppy Drum and more.
April 16 Stripers are still on bottom but thick, White Perch are going strong also, Largemouth Bass are chomping in the creeks.
April 4 Stripers are in high gear, catching plenty on bottom, some casting and a few on top in the prime time. Shad today were a little slow but I didn't spend much time hunting them either. Largemouth Bass plenty! It looks like I have April 9th and 10th open.
March 28 Shad are running strong, Stripers are hit or miss but the water should be gearing up for good things to happen, Largemouth are steady just running a little small.
March 23 Water temp has declined again with the added rain and began to rise with lots of stained water, the fishing has declined with the "not so perfect conditions" but as soon as the water holds a great pattern will develop. Anyone wanting April dates needs to book now!
March 15 Water temp has hit the 50's, I'm catching Stripers, Shad, Largemouth Bass and Perch.
March 1 The last two weeks of Feb. where spent working on last years tax info and ramping up the 2009 advertisements, tournament locations and all the paperwork involved. Over the weekend we had a huge rain and some cold temps but later in the week we should see some nice weather, as soon as things settle a little "spring" fishing should kick off.
Feb. 16 Pleased to post the first fishibx Striped Bass Tournament of 2009 is coming March 22nd, for details visit the tornament page! Hope to see you there.
Feb.11 Couple of days of warm weather has changed the surface water temp, plenty of water at 48 and should hit 50 by the weeks end, Stripers are still around and willing, Shad are making a show but not thick, if the weather maintains the anglers will have the cat out of bag, can't wait! Anyone wanting to book for the "Striper keeper season" should drop me a line, don't wait until the end, the fish are here now!
Feb. 1 Water temp. 42, SW wind 15+, landed 21 Stripers and 1 Gar.
Jan. 16 Wow! Super cold blast hit NC with the temp. not gettting over freezing the whole day, despite frozen line, reels and rods the total Striper count ended at 97 on a half day trip. Water temp dropped to 39 at the ramp and 44 in the river, Air temp. started at 12 degrees and went to 27 for the high.
Jan. 12 NEW 2009 RECORD! Hit the Albemarle Sound around 8:30 with a customer and had the first fish on within the first 10 cast. Days total 67 Stripers, temp 45, E wind @ 5mph, and water temp 46.
Jan. 9 Va. boys wanted to land some fish on the fly, total for the half day was 34 Stripers and 1 Largemouth. Also checked out some of the creeks of the Roanoke River to see if the fish were showing up in the traditional areas and within 5 cast, fish on. Great things to come from here!
Jan.3 Bridges were a litlle slick but made it to the ramp, landed 19 Stripers on a half day.
Jan.2 Broke out the Largemouth tactics and played with the elctronics a little, decided to pinpoint fish on the fish finder and bounce jigs, spoons and drop-shot. Landed over 35 Stripers and a huge Gar.
Jan. 1 Huge push of Striped Bass have shot up the Roanoke River, unless they stage again Weldon should have some fish in three weeks or so.
Dec. 31 Cold wind, hot fishing! 1 customer, 33 Stripers on the Roanoke River.
Dec. 29 NEW WINTER RECORD, landed 90 Stripers on a long half day despite the rain and cool temps. Hats off to Hudson, Chris and "Bill".
Dec. 26 Water temp 47 with much cleaner water, landed over 35 fish on a half day. E wind at 7mph
Dec. 22 N wind and below freezing temps, with a 30 degree drop in temp overnight we only landed 5 Stripers for the a.m. Water dropped 2' overnight, temp. 46 and muddy.
Dec. 18 Back to the old school tricks, a.m. trip landed 38 Stripers &1 Largemouth. Wather temp. 51 E, NE wind @ 7mph.
Dec. 16 Tried some new ideas which didn't pan, 1 striper on a SE wind.
Dec. 14 NW wind, water temp 46, landed 31 Stripers on a half day.
Dec. 12 a.m. trip with 22 Stripers
Dec. 7 16 Stripers in two hrs., water temp. 46, wind N-NW 15+
Dec. 6 20 Stripers on an a.m. trip on the Roanoke.
Dec. 5 Hit the water late, picked up some quality Stripers on the Roanoke.
Nov. 10 Stripers are on!
Nov. 1 Fall patterns are taking place, there was a drop in water temp. which moved some fish to deeper water and tightened up the bait. As a result the fish keyed into schooling mode and took advantage of the concentrated bait. Stripers, Trout and Largemouth will be the target for the weeks ahead.


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For 31 years, Seattle has been blessed for a month every summer with some of the best chamber music performances in the country, and for a decade and more, a long weekend of more of the same in the winter. Founding artistic director and cellist Toby Saks of Seattle Chamber Music Society recently presided over a seamless turnover of leadership to violinist James Ehnes, a long-time player with both summer and winter festivals. This past weekend was the first with his stamp on it.
Four concerts were presented at Nordstrom Recital Hall at Benaroya Hall. As has been the usual format, three have been a free recital followed by a paid-for performance, the two together being a generous serving of music. The fourth has usually been a special concert: This time it was Ehnes and pianist Andrew Armstrong in a concert-long violin and piano recital.
Instead of three recitals, each featuring one musician, Ehnes chose to feature music, specifically the three string quartets of Brahms, played by the same four musicians. At the Friday and Sunday performances, with Quartets Nos. 2 and 3, Ehnes played first violin, Amy Schwartz Moretti, second violin; Richard O'Neill, viola; and Robert deMaine, cello.
The four have played at these festivals often, and have chosen to play together outside it in an informal alliance (something that must be hard to arrange: Moretti lives in Macon, Georgia; O'Neill divides his time between California and Korea; deMaine is based in Detroit; and Ehnes, a Canadian, leads a peripatetic existence around the world).
It showed in their excellent ensemble work and similarity of approach. In Friday's concert, they also played together in Bartók's Quartet No. 4, surprisingly its first appearance at any SCMS concert, giving a superb performance, highlighted by their sure feeling for the music and their ease in conveying that to the audience.
Ehnes particularly wanted to find music never played before at these festivals, and he found some for each concert. This was a rare delight. As well as the Bartók on Friday, the second Brahms quartet was new to the festival; plus two pieces for piano quartet by Richard Strauss, Arabische Tanz and Liebesliebchen; and a Meditation on an old Czech Chorale, St Wenceslas, by Suk, while the concert was anchored by Mahler's Quartet for Piano and Strings in A Minor to start and ended with Beethoven's Trio for violin, cello, and piano in E-Flat Major.
Ehnes' group performed the Suk, a beautiful work close to an elegy in atmosphere. Mahler's is an astonishingly mature work for a 15-year-old. While it owes a debt to Brahms, it's by no means a slavishly derivative piece, but strong in its own right. This and the Strauss were played by Scott Yoo, violin; Roberto Diaz, viola; Bion Tsang, cello; and Andrew Armstrong, piano, with warmth and sensitivity.
Violinist Erin Keefe, cellist Edward Arron, and pianist William Wolfram undertook the Beethoven. Wolfram performed as close to the style of the time as would be possible on a modern piano. His articulation and light touch brought an airiness to the work which gave it a carefree appeal. Keefe matched him in style though Arron tended to be a bit over-emphatic.
Sunday's concert was devoted to Dvořák, with two works not heard at the festivals before, Prokofiev's Sonata for cello and piano in C Major, and Brahms' Viola Quintet for Strings in G Minor as a grand finale. Prokofiev wrote the sonata for Rostropovich, who he admired very much, and Arron and Wolfram played it here. The gorgeous sonority of Arron's tone sang particularly on the lower strings of the cello, where much of this sonata lies, and he and Wolfram brought out the work's appeal and charm, its depth and richness.
Quintessentially Dvořák, the five little Bagatelles are light and pure delight. Written for a harmonium (Armstrong), two violins (Yoo and Ehnes) and a cello (Tsang), they are often played with a piano instead, but the festival was able to borrow a fine harmonium from Tacoma organist David Dahl. The piano is a percussion instrument; the harmonium is a small portable organ with air pumped by pedal through pipes, and it has several stops. It changes the atmosphere of the music completely.
Armstrong and Wolfram performed the other Dvořák work, Silent Woods (Klid) for piano four hands, often not 100-percent together, particularly in the slower stately section. This is something difficult to achieve at any time without the intuition which comes from years of playing together, but otherwise it came off well, as did the Brahms Quintet with Schwartz Moretti, Keefe, Diaz, O'Neill, and deMaine.
Virtually full and enthusiastic houses attended both well-designed programs, and the playing was as usual of the first rank throughout. This year's summer festival will run from July 2 to 27, and next winter the festival, running from January 19 to 27, will be expanded from four concerts to six.
Two of the musicians have received prestigious appointments since their last appearances with the festival here: Keefe has been appointed concertmaster of the Minnesota Symphony, and Diaz is now president and CEO of the Curtis Institute of Music.


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God's Work of Changing Us Begins Where it is the Ugliest and Most Corrupt:
- He renews our hearts "...by the washing of regeneration and renewing by the Holy Spirit." (Titus 3:5)
- He renews our minds, (Rom. 12; Eph. 4)
- He makes us new creatures, (2 Cor. 5:17)
- He conforms us to the image of Christ (Rom. 8:29)
- We are His workmanship (Eph. 2:10)
God Changes the Outside Last:
- "As for me, I shall behold Thy face in righteousness; I will be satisfied with Thy likeness when I awake." (Ps. 17:15)
- "Beloved, now we are children of God, and it has not appeared as yet what we shall be. We know that, when He appears, we shall be like Him, because we shall see Him just as He is." (1 John 3:2)
We might go on focusing on the outside. We might impress our friends. And we might even deceive ourselves. But until we own-up to what we look like on the inside we can never be helped. If we ever get a glimpse of how ugly we really are, then we will flee to the only remedy which is Christ.
The mirror of the heart is God's Word:
- "For if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man who looks at his natural face in a mirror; for once he has looked at himself and gone away, he has person he was. But one who looks intently at the perfect law, the law of liberty, and abides by it, not having become a forgetful hearer but an effectual doer, this man shall be blessed in what he does." (James 1:23-25)
- "Cast all your cares on Him, for He cares for you." (1 Peter)
- "Come unto Me, all who are weary and heavy laden, and I will give you rest."
Then stand back and see God's transforming grace! He will take the dirty and make it clean. He will take the ugly and make it beautiful.


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Topic: Shooter on DVD. A corny popcorn action flick.
"Shooter" is one of those action flicks that works better at home than it does in the theater. You can rent it, call a few friends over and order a pizza on a Saturday night to maximize the enjoyability of this very absurd guy's movie. The action scenes are entertaining and right out of a video game. But sadly, Mark Walhberg phones in his performance and if you're expecting this chase movie to compete with the Bourne films, you will be disappointed. It is goofy and fun at times, but don't expect one for the books. I expected more from the movie's director Antoine Fuqua (Training Day, Tears of the Sun). Grade: C Plus


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November 25, 2015
President Barack Obama gestures while speaking in the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington, Monday, Oct. 21, 2013, on the initial rollout of the health care overhaul. Obama acknowledged that the widespread problems with his health care law's rollout are unacceptable, as the administration scrambles to fix the cascade of computer issues. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)
WASHINGTON (AP) - The Obama administration is asking Congress to hold off on enacting new sanctions against Iran. It says a pause in the push to impose new penalties would give negotiators flexibility in talks now under way to get Iran to comply with demands it prove its nuclear program is peaceful.
The State Department said Friday that the administration has asked lawmakers to wait on new sanctions legislation in order to give the negotiations time to get traction. Spokeswoman Jen Psaki said additional sanctions can always be imposed later if the Iranians fail to meet their obligations. She stressed that no existing sanctions are being lifted.
The administration has argued that tough sanctions brought Iran to the bargaining table. Some lawmakers maintain that now is not the time to ease pressure.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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