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Uncertainty of Measurement
8.Expression of measurement uncertainty (for results from chemical laboratory)
12.Converting information into a standard uncertainty (type B evaluations
|Measurement is a process, in which a set of operations are performed to determine the value of quantity. A process is an integral set of activities that uses resources to transform inputs to outputs. In a measurement process even when all the measurement factors which can be controlled are controlled, repeated observation made during under the same condition, are rarely found identical. This is due to the variables - operator, reference standards / materials / Instrument / environment, calibration, test methods and therefore measurement results are never true value and in fact accompanied with uncertainty. Therefore the "measurement uncertainty" is a property of a measurement.
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|2.Essentials of measurement uncertainties
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|3. Scope
|The purpose of this write-up is to familiarize the reader with subject of measurement uncertainty to that extent that he would be able estimate uncertainty in measurement in his laboratory.
|Instead of going into theoretical aspect and in great detail this document has taken the help simple and solved examples to familiarize and develop the skill of calculating uncertainty in measurements.
|The examples given cover most of the situations but the focus is on chemical testing laboratory.
|Hope, those who have very little or no exposure to the estimation of uncertainty will be able to start estimating uncertainty in measurement for their kind of lab.
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|Uncertainty is the parameter associated with the result of a measurement that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could be attributed to the measurand.
|4.1Uncertainty in Measurements: Defines a range that could be reasonably be attributed to the measurement result at a given confidence. Eg 56.2 ± 9.6 mg/L
|Sources of measurement uncertainties in testing There are many possible sources of uncertainty, e.g. sampling, instrument drifts and calibration, homogenization and dilution effects, human factors, environmental effects
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|5.ISO GUM Principles I
|5.1ISO GUM Principles II
|Types of uncertainties
|5.2ISO GUM Principles III
|Expanded uncertainty Uc = k. Uc .
|Where k is 'coverage factor'
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|6.Measurement Uncertainty Estimation Protocol
|Conditions of the quality assurance data are comparable with the treated problem, e.g. matrix and composition, range of values, repeatability / reproducibility contributions the presumed simplifications are appropriate and acceptable .
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|7.Mathematics involved in estimating standard uncertainties
|Let there be X ¡, X2, X3 , …X n measurements
i. Mean (x‾) = X¡+X2+X3+…X n = ∑Xi /n
ii standard deviation is given by
|iii. Combining uncertainty/deviation
U = √ ( Ui )² + ( Uii )²
u (c ) / C = √ ( u ( w )/w )² + (u (v )/v )² + ( u (p)/p )²
|iv. Expanded uncertainty Uc
Uc = k. Uc ., Where k is 'coverage factor'
|7.1Example of Type A evaluation:Type A method of evaluation of standard uncertainty applies to those situations where several independent observations have been made for any of the input quantities under same condition of measurement. If there is sufficient resolution in the measurement process, there will be an observable scatter or spread of the values obtained. These uncertainties are evaluated by the statistical analysis of a series of repeat measurements.
|Case study -1: Procedure for estimation of type 'A' measurement uncertainty, based on internal reproducibility standard deviation.
|Given data: These are ten results measured at different times, using different analysts.
|( In reality laboratory staff is required to generate such information, for a specific situation to estimate standard uncertainty. This standard uncertainty, is used for estimating expanded uncertainty for an individual measurements).
Mean (x‾) = X¡+ X2 + X3 + X n= ∑Xi /n …………………. (1)
/ ∑( xi − X‾)²
/ ∑( xi − X‾)² / 32.4
|n is the number of determinations
|(n-1) is degree of freedom
|S internal reproducibility standard deviation or standard uncertainty
|x‾ is the mean
|Relative reproducibility standard deviation = RSD
|is RSD = S/ x‾ ……………………-(3)
1.897 RSD = S/ x‾ = ------ = 0.0185
|The magnitude of the obtained internal reproducibility standard deviation should be evaluated in relation to the field of application of the method ( fitness for purpose) Correspondingly, the measurement uncertainty may be estimated, using results of replicate determinations carried out on reference materials, or from results of studies where the method under study was used in parallel with a well defined, established reference method. Calculations are carried out as above using the reference value in place of the mean.
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|8.Expression of measurement uncertainty (for results from chemical laboratory)
|The measurement uncertainty is a parameter, which describes in a quantitative manner the variation to the concentration of an analyte present in the sample. For an estimated measurement uncertainty to be of value, it must be estimated and expressed in a standardized manner.
|Measurement uncertainty expressed as the standard measurement uncertainty, is defined (i) as 'measurement uncertainty of the result as one standard deviation'. And expanded measurement uncertainty, is defined as ' a quantity which defines the interval about the result, including a large portion of the variation which would result from the analyte present in the sample, and which is obtained by multiplying the standard measurement uncertainty with a coverage factor to obtain an estimate of the confidence interval for a measurement at a specific level of confidence'. This coverage factor usually equals 2; in some cases 3 may be used. Application of coverage factor of 2 corresponds to confidence level of approximately 95% , and 3 to a confidence level of more than 99%. The expanded measurement uncertainty is given by:
|i. U (expanded uncertainty) = 'K.' X. 'C' X. 'RSD' -- -(4) And
|ii U (uncertainty) = √ ∑ (xi -x‾)²/n-1 . X. 'K' -(4a)
Equation -(4a) is used to estimate standard uncertainty.
Where K is the Coverage factor,
RSD is the relative standard deviation,
and C is the concentration of analyte.
As per recommendations a Coverage factor '2' is used. ( what is a coverage factor and why a value of ' 2' has been taken will be discussed later)
|The calculated expanded measurement uncertainty " U" represents half of the measurement uncertainty interval. Measurement result ± U
|Example -1 ( Internal reproducibility) The measured concentration of an analyte of a solution is 99.4 mg/Kg. Determine expanded uncertainty.
|U = 'K' .X 'C' X ' RSD' ……………………….Equation-(4)
|U = 2 x 99.4 x 0.0185 mg/Kg = 3.7 mg/Kg
|The measured result 99.4 mg/Kg accompanied by its expanded measurement uncertainty Is given by as 99.4 ± 3.7 mg/Kg Every time and for each test ( when concentration of the same analyte is measured) Equation -4 is used to determine the value of expanded Uncertainty. What is K ( Coverage factor ) and where from it has come?
|Confidence Interval: the interval about the mean within which the true value is expected to lie with the specified level of confidence.
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|9.Probability distribution
|9.1Types of probability distribution
|9.2 Normal distribution
|The probability density function is given by =
|P (x) = 1 ⁄ s √ 2π . exp[- (x- µ)²/2s²] - ∞ < x + < ….(5)
|Where "µ" is the mean and "s" is the standard deviation.
|Normal distribution
|The normal distribution has a maximum probability at the value, which is the mean of the measurements made, and falls away on both sides towards zero probability. It never reaches zero but approaches it exponentially since there is always a finite chance that a measurement will have any value between plus and minus infinite but further away from the mean you go, lesser is the probability.
|The percentage values of the covered area of the curve are the confidence level, which is an indication of Coverage factor K, as per table -1
|Table-1: Confidence level and the corresponding coverage factor (K)
|9.2.1 When to use normal distribution
|a. In some situations, the quoted uncertainty in an input or output quantity is stated along with level of confidence. In such cases, one has to find the value of coverage factor by using the Table-1,
|b. In the absence of any specific knowledge about the type of distribution, one may assume it to be normal distribution.
|c . When the uncertainty in a calibration certificate is given as a confidence interval/confidence level or in terms of a standard deviation multiplied by a coverage factor.
|Like: When the calibration certificate shows calibration temp. 37°c with an uncertainty of ± 0.014°c at 95% confidence interval. Uncertainty = ? ? (xi -x?)²/n-1 . X Coverage factor In such a situation one generally assume that the data has been subjected to full statistical analysis and is generally described by a normal or Gaussian probability distribution.
|9.3Rectangular distribution
|The probability density function p(x) of a rectangular distribution is as follows
P (x) = 1/ 2. , a_ < x < a+ , where a = ( a + - a_ ),
Given below is the figure that is representative for rectangular distribution.
|9.3.1 When to use rectangular distribution ? In those cases, where it is possible to estimate only the upper and lower limits of an input quantity (X) and there is no specific knowledge about the concentration of values of (X) within the interval, one can only assume that it is equally probable for X to lie anywhere within this interval.
|9.3.2 Illustration for rectangular distribution
|i. Volume
|Conclusion: When calibration data is given in terms of tolerance interval, then in evaluating its standard uncertainty, rectangular distribution is presumed.
|ii. Volt meter (digital instruments)
|iii. Digital balance
|9.4 The Triangular DistributionWhen the greatest concentration of the values is at the centre of the distribution, it is triangular distribution. For example when temperature is to be controlled 20 ±2°c, using thermostat which is calibrated, thermostat will hold the temperature very close to 20 °c. This shown in given fig.
|9.4.1 Rectangular v/s triangular distribution
|9.4.2 Conversion to Standard deviation
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|10.Case study -2
|10.1 Uncertainties Associated in pipettete and combining them
|i. We have seen above that for the tolerance of a 5 cc class B pipettete is ± 0.03 cc, the standard uncertainty in the 5.00 cc capacity pipettete is 0.03/?3 = 0.03/1.732= 0.017 cc.
|ii. Calibration refers to 20 degree centigrade but when pipettete is not used under the same temp., it will contribute additional uncertainties due to:
|For class B pipettete, the temperature coefficient for a borosilicate pipettete and water over a temperature range of 15 to 25 °c the uncertainty in the measurement is ± 0.003 cc.
|iii. Random uncertainties arise as even the same operator will dispense slightly different volumes each time pipettete is used. Meniscus, number of taps on emptying may vary. In addition, each operator will have different technique. To arrive at it involves ten different operators, pipetting ten times water and weighing on four place- balance. Calculate mean and standard deviation. This would give a measure of uncertainty in the volume measurement in the laboratory due to random factors. Assuming that uncertainty due to weighing and temperature are negligible. This exercise will result in standard deviation of 0.01 cc, for pipetteting 5 c.c. In this case , we have the following contributions to uncertainty:
|10.2 Combing uncertainties
|Total uncertainty = √ U² 1 + U² 2+ U² 3+ ………..
Total uncertainty = √U² 1 + U² 2+ U²3 = ? ( 0.017) ²+ (0.003) ² + (0.01) ² =± 0.0200
For class B pipettete, and for class A, cal. Uncertainty is 0.0085, which is half of the class B pipettete,
Total uncertainty= √ ( 0.0085) ²+ (0.003) ² + (0.01) ² = ± 0.0135
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|11.Pooling of Standard deviations
|Standard deviations obtained from two experiments are required to be pooled depending on the conditions of the measurements that are made. In addition, pooled standard deviation is estimates of data derived from two experiments.
|Example-2: Replicate measurements of the two samples measured to determine lead concentration, at required temperature of 80 ± 3 °C., to know the effect of temperature on measured lead levels
|Pooled Standard Deviation
|Pooled standard deviation = 0. 860s ppb
|12.Converting information into a standard uncertainty (type B evaluations)
|In those cases, where the uncertainty is quoted to be multiple of standard deviation's', the multiple becomes the specific factor ( Refer table- 1)
|Example-3 : A calibration certificate states that the mass of a given body of 10 Kg is 10.000650 Kg. The uncertainty at confidence level of 95.45% is given by 300 mg. In such a case, the standard uncertainty is calculated by using equation 4 a In this case Coverage factor K is '2', ( table-1)
|U (standard uncertainty) = √ ∑ (xi -x‾)²/n-1 . X. 'K'
|300 = standard uncertainty X K
|Standard uncertainty U(m) = 300/2 = 150 mg
|Example-4: Suppose in the above example, the quoted uncertainty is at 90% level of confidence. The standard uncertainty is then: U(m) = 300/ 1.64 = 182.9 mg ( use table -1 to get 1.64 at 90% level of confidence)
|Example-5: A calibration certificate states that the resistance of a standard resistor, Rs of a nominal value 10 Ωis 10.000742 Ω ± 129 µΩ at 23° C and that the quoted uncertainty of 129 µΩdefines an interval having a level of confidence of 99%. Table 1 indicates a coverage factor of 2.58 at 99% confidence level., and equation-4
|U (standard uncertainty) = √ ∑ (xi -x‾)²/n-1 . X. 'K'
|√ ∑ (xi -x‾)²/n-1 . = standard deviation = U (Rs)= 129/2.58 = 50 µΩ
|Relative standard deviation = Standard deviation/nominal value
|Relative standard deviation = Standard deviation/nominal value
|Example-6 : A calibration certificate states that the length of a standard slip gauge (SG) of nominal value 50 mm is 50.000002 mm. The uncertainty of this value is 72 nm, at a confidence level of 99.7%
|U(standard uncertainty) = C X Standard uncertainty
|Standard uncertainty of slip gauge is = 72 nm /3 = 24 nm ( 3 is the coverage factor K, at 99.77 confidence level)
|Example-7 : The manufacturer's specification for a 100 ml class A volumetric flask is ±0.08 ml. What is the standard uncertainty.
|Example-8: The manufacturer's specification for a 2 ml pipettete is ±0.01 ml. What is the standard uncertainty
|Example-9:The calibration certificate for a four figure balance states that the measurement uncertainty is ±0.0004g with a level confidence of 95%. What is the standard uncertainty
|Example 10: The purity of a compound as given in the label of bottle is 99.9 ± 0.1. Determine the standard uncertainty in the purity of the compound.
|Example-11: A calibration weight is certified as 10.00000g ± 0.04 mg with a level confidence of at least 95%. What is the standard uncertainty in the weight?
|Example-12 : The standard deviation of repeat weighing of a 0.3g check weight is 0.00021g. What is the standard uncertainty of a single weighing?
|Example-13: A calibration certificate for 25 ml class A pipettete quotes an uncertainty of 0.03 ml. The reported uncertainty is based on a standard uncertainty multiplied by a coverage factor k=2, providing a confidence level of 95%. What is the standard uncertainty in the volume of the liquid delivered by the pipettete.
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|13.Possible sources of Uncertainty in a chemical lab
|Example-14 Uncertainty in the volume of liquid in a flask
|Contribution to the Uncertainty in the volume of liquid in a flask is from:
|laboratory temperature and the flask temperature is estimated as
|Combining the three standard uncertainties = ∑ U²v+ U²c +U²t
|Uv = ∑ 0.0173² + 0. 046² + 0.153² = 0.0016 ml
|Example-15. Uncertainty in the volume of liquid delivered by a pipettete
|a. Contribution to the Uncertainty in the volume of liquid in a flask is from.
|The Uncertainty in the volume of liquid delivered by the pipettete is due to the very fact that each time you fill up to the mark of the pipettete the measured quantity of the liquid will differ. To evaluate this standard deviation ten fills of liquid are weighed using the 2CC class A pipettete.
|The standard deviation is calculated by following the method as described in example 14, is (say) Uv = 0.0016 ml.
|b. Contribution due stated tolerance for the pipettete is ± 0.01 ml.
|The coefficient of volume expiation for organic solvent is 1x10 ¯³ per ° c. The uncertainty in calibration of pipettete, is calculated from manufacturer's specification which is treated as rectangular distribution Uc 0.01/ √ 3 = 0.0058 ml
|c. The manufacturers due to possible difference between the laboratory temperature and the pipettete calibration temperature is estimated as ±3 ° with 95% confidence. The
|Coefficient of volumetric expansion of organic solvent is 1x 10 ¯ ³/ ° c. Uncertainty due to possible difference between laboratory temperature and the pipettete calibration temperature is estimated as
|Ut= 1 x 1 x 10 ¯ ³ x 3/1.96 = 0.00153 ml.
|Uv = √ 0.0016² + 0. 0058² + 0.00153² = 0.0067 ml
|Example -16 Uncertainty in weighing-
|Contributors to the Uncertainty in weighing
|a. The balance calibration certificate states a measurement uncertainty of ± 0.0004 gm with a level of confidence of not less than 95%. This converted to standard uncertainty by dividing by 1.96 , Uc= 0.0004/1.96 =0.0002g= 0.2 mg
|b. Replicate weightings of a 100 mg check weigh on the 4 figure balance has a standard deviation of 0.000041g=0.041 mg
|Combing uncertainties Uw= √ .0.2 ² + 0.041² = 0.201 mg
|Example 17. Uncertainty in concentration of the solution
|An internal standard solution is prepared by dissolving approximately 100.0 mg of material (weighed on a 4-figure balance) in an organic solvent and making it 100 ml in a volumetric flask.
|Given data: 100.5 mg of material was weighted out, in balance & its calibration certificate states a measurement uncertainty of± 0.0004g, at 95% confidence level.
|i. The standard uncertainty associated with weight was calculated above in Exercise-3 Uw = 0.210 mg
|ii. The purity of the material quoted by the supplier as 99.9± 0.1% standard deviation = 0.1/?3) = 0.058% ( rectangular distribution,)
|iii. The standard uncertainty for the volume in 100 ml flask was calculated in exercise-1 and is = 0.16 ml.
|The concentration of the solution= weight of material x purity/volume 100.5 x 99.9/ 100, this value is per 100 cc,
|& to get per 1000 cc multiply by 10, the answer is = 10004.0 ml/L
|Answer-1: 1004.0 mg/L
|(By adding individual uncertainties on account of balance, purity &, volume from calculations made & using the rule to combine)
|Standard uncertainty of the solution concentration is given by
|u (c ) / C = √ ( u ( w )/w )² + (u (v )/v )² + ( u (p)/p )² = 1004 x √ (0.208/100.5)² + ( .00058/0.999) ² + ( 0.16/100)² = ± 2.69 mg/L
|Answer -2. Standard uncertainty of the solution is = ± 2.69 mg/L
|U (expanded uncertainty) = 'K.' X. 'SD' (taking K=2) ,
|Answer-3: Expanded uncertainty = Uc = 2.x 2.69 = ± 5.38 mg/l
|Concentration is therefore quoted as 1004 ± 5.4 mg /L , where k=2 and the level of confidence is about 95%.
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|14.Cause and effect analysis ( also called fish diagram)
u (c ) / C = √ ( u ( w )/w )² + (u (v )/v )² + ( u (p)/p )²
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|1. What is uncertainty?
|2. How does it arise?
|3. Why is it important?
|4. What is done about it?
|5. How is uncertainty evaluated?
|6. What is best practice?
|1. What is uncertainty?
I used to be uncertain - now I'm not so sure. In ordinary use the word 'uncertainty' does not inspire confidence. However, when used in a technical sense as in 'measurement uncertainty' or 'uncertainty of a test result' it carries a specific meaning. It is a parameter, associated with the result of a measurement (eg a calibration or test) that defines the range of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measured quantity. When uncertainty is evaluated and reported in a specified way it indicates the level of confidence that the value actually lies within the range defined by the uncertainty interval.
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|2. How does it arise?
Any measurement is subject to imperfections; some of these are due to random effects, such as short-term fluctuations in temperature, humidity and air-pressure or variability in the performance of the measurer. Repeated measurements will show variation because of these random effects. Other imperfections are due to the practical limits to which correction can be made for systematic effects, such as offset of a measuring instrument, drift in its characteristics between calibrations, personal bias in reading an analogue scale or the uncertainty of the value of a reference standard.
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|3. Why is it important?
The uncertainty is a quantitative indication of the quality of the result. It gives an answer to the question, how well does the result represent the value of the quantity being measured? It allows users of the result to assess its reliability, for example for the purposes of comparison of results from different sources or with reference values. Confidence in the comparability of results can help to reduce barriers to trade. Often, a result is compared with a limiting value defined in a specification or regulation. In this case, knowledge of the uncertainty shows whether the result is well within the the acceptable limits or only just makes it.
Occasionally a result is so close to the limit that the risk associated with the possibility that the property that was measured may not fall within the limit, once the uncertainty has been allowed for, must be considered. Suppose that a customer has the same test done in more than one laboratory, perhaps on the same sample, more likely on what they may regard as an identical sample of the same product. Would we expect the laboratories to get identical results? Only within limits, we may answer, but when theresults are close to the specification limit it may be that one laboratory indicates failure whereas another indicates a pass. From time to time accreditation bodies have to investigate complaints concerning such differences. This can involve much time and effort for all parties, which in many cases could have been avoided if the uncertainty of the result had been known by the customer.
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|4. What is done about it?
The standard ISO/IEC 17025:2005 [General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories] specifies requirements for reporting and evaluating uncertainty of measurement. The problems presented by these requirements vary in nature and severity depending on the technical field and whether the measurement is a calibration or test.
|Calibration is characterized by the facts that:
|1.repeated measurements can be made.
2.uncertainty of reference instruments is provided at each stage down the calibration chain, starting with the national standard and
3.customers are aware of the need for a statement of uncertainty in order to ensure that the instrument meets their requirements.
Consequently, calibration laboratories are used to evaluating and reporting uncertainty. In accredited laboratories the uncertainty evaluation is subject to assessment by the accreditation body and is quoted on calibration certificates issued by the laboratory.
The situation in testing is not as well-developed and particular difficulties are encountered. For example, in destructive tests the opportunity to repeat the test is limited to another sample, often at significant extra cost and with the additional uncertainty due to sample variation. Even when repeat tests are technically feasible such an approach may be uneconomic. In some cases a test may not be defined well enough by the standard, leading to potentially inconsistent application and thus another source of uncertainty. In many tests there will be uncertainty components that need to be evaluated on the basis of previous data and experience, in addition to those evaluated from calibration certificates and manufacturers, specifications. International and accreditation aspects.
Accreditation bodies are responsible for ensuring that accredited laboratories meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025. The standard requires appropriate methods of analysis to be used for estimating uncertainty of measurement. These methods are considered to be those based on the Guide to the expression of uncertainty of measurement, published by ISO and endorsed by the major international professional bodies. It is a weighty document and the international accreditation community has taken up its principles and, along with other bodies such as EURACHEM/CITAC, has produced simplified or more specific guidance based on them. Accreditation bodies are harmonizing their implementation of the requirements for expressing uncertainty of measurement through organizations such as the European co-operation for Accreditation (EA) and the International Laboratory Accreditation Co-operation (ILAC).
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|5. How is uncertainty evaluated?
Uncertainty is a consequence of the unknown sign of random effects and limits to corrections for systematic effects and is therefore expressed as a quantity, i.e. an interval about the result. It is evaluated by combining a number of uncertainty components. The components are quantified either by evaluation of the results of several repeated measurements or by estimation based on data from records, previous measurements, knowledge of the equipment and experience of the measurement.
In most cases, repeated measurement results are distributed about the average in the familiar bell-shaped curve or normal distribution, in which there is a greater probability that the value lies closer to the mean than to the extremes. The evaluation from repeated measurements is done by applying a relatively simple mathematical formula. This is derived from statistical theory and the parameter that is determined is the standard deviation.
Uncertainty components quantified by means other than repeated measurements are also expressed as standard deviations, although they may not always be characterized by the normal distribution. For example, it may be possible only to estimate that the value of a quantity lies within bounds (upper and lower limits) such that there is an equal probability of it lying anywhere within those bounds. This is known as a rectangular distribution. There are simple mathematical expressions to evaluate the standard deviation for this and a number of other distributions encountered in measurement. An interesting one that is sometimes encountered, eg in EMC measurements, is the U-shaped distribution.
The method of combining the uncertainty components is aimed at producing a realistic rather than pessimistic combined uncertainty. This usually means working out the square root of the sum of the squares of the separate components (the root sum square method). The combined standard uncertainty may be reported as it stands (the one standard deviation level), or, usually, an expanded uncertainty is reported. This is the combined standard uncertainty multiplied by what is known as a coverage factor. The greater this factor the larger the uncertainty interval and, correspondingly, the higher the level of confidence that the value lies within that interval. For a level of confidence of approximately 95% a coverage factor of 2 is used. When reporting uncertainty it is important to indicate the coverage factor or state the level of confidence, or both.
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|6. What is best practice?
Sector-specific guidance is still needed in several fields in order to enable laboratories to evaluate uncertainty consistently. Laboratories are being encouraged to evaluate uncertainty, even when reporting is not required; they will then be able to assess the quality of their own results and will be aware whether the result is close to any specified limit. The process of evaluation highlights those aspects of a test or calibration that produce the greatest uncertainty components, thus indicating where improvements could be beneficial. Conversely, it can be seen whether larger uncertainty contributions could be accepted from some sources without significantly increasing the overall interval. This could give the opportunity to use cheaper, less sensitive equipment or provide justification for extending calibration intervals.
Uncertainty evaluation is best done by personnel who are thoroughly familiar with the test or calibration and understand the limitations of the measuring equipment and the influences of external factors, eg environment. Records should be kept showing the assumptions that were made, eg concerning the distribution functions referred to above, and the sources of information for the estimation of component uncertainty values, eg calibration certificates, previous data, experience of the behavior of relevant materials. Statements of compliance - effect of uncertainty
This is a difficult area and what is to be reported must be considered in the context of the client's needs. In particular, consideration must be given to the possible consequences and risks associated with a result that is close to the specification limit. The uncertainty may be such as to raise real doubt about the reliability of pass/fail statements. When uncertainty is not taken into account, then the larger the uncertainty, the greater are the chances of passing failures and failing passes. A lower uncertainty is usually attained by using better equipment, better control of environment, and ensuring consistent performance of the test.
For some products it may be appropriate for the user to make a judgment of compliance, based on whether the result is within the specified limits with no allowance made for uncertainty. This is often referred to as shared risk, since the end user takes some of the risk of the product not meeting specification. The implications of that risk may vary considerably. Shared risk may be acceptable in non-safety critical performance, for example the EMC characteristics of a domestic radio or TV. However, when testing a heart pacemaker or components for aerospace purposes, the user may require that the risk of the product not complying has to be negligible and would need uncertainty to be taken into account. An important aspect of shared risk is that the parties concerned agree on the uncertainty that is acceptable; otherwise disputes could arise later.
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Uncertainty is an unavoidable part of any measurement and it starts to matter when results are close to a specified limit. A proper evaluation of uncertainty is good professional practice and can provide laboratories and customers with valuable information about the quality and reliability of the result. Although common practice in calibration, there is some way to go with expression of uncertainty in testing, but there is growing activity in the area and, in time, uncertainty statements will be the norm.


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Welcome the onset of autumn with this seaside exhibition
[THIS WEEK] Seaside piers haven't fared well in recent years but Simon Roberts' pictures of the skeletal remains show some optimism
Feeling jaded with design?
[THIS WEEK] Befriend a techie, advises James Pallister
Landscape Futures and the 'New Aesthetic'
The scrutinising techno-landscape will become commonplace, faster than we may anticipate, writes James Pallister
A new zine gives frustrated young architects a voice
The Unpublishables aims to create a platform for young architects and designers, writes James Pallister
Report from Taksim Square demo violence
[THIS WEEK – FROM ISTANBUL] After a few minutes I realised. It wasn't hayfever, a stubborn cold, or eye strain. What was making my eyes and nose sting was probably tear gas
For the love of Kielder
Kielder Forest's architecture programme has bedded in well, writes James Pallister
Hunting for the Urban Elephant
[THIS WEEK] James Pallister welcomes a Hugh Casson retrospective at the Royal Academy
What is good architecture?
[THIS WEEK] The simplest questions are often the most difficult, writes James Pallister


text:
Get the FCN APPS
SEFFNER, Fla. (WTSP) -- Two Seffner families were forced out of their
homes after a possible sinkhole caused cracks in the exterior walls and a
buckled interior floor.
"I guess from me walking around, the floor seemed soft and started
moaning and making noise, and that's when I started getting scared,"
said resident Jessica Alfaro.
Hillsborough County Fire Rescue immediately responded and helped
evacuate residents from both units, slapping warning stickers on the
windows, but officials aren't sure what they are dealing with yet.
"It could be settlement, it could be something worse, but for us,
there is no way for us to know so we're calling in the experts. And for
one side to move upward, the opposite side could be moving downward.
There is movement, and some of the ground around the house is soft,"
said Hillsborough County Fire Rescue information officer Jessica Damico.
The family in the south unit grabbed what they could after 911
operators told them to move quickly, but moving a baby and a father with
limited mobility isn't easy.
"We were able to get the baby formula, medication, the dog cages and
food, and my father's sleep apnea machine, so we were able to get out
with just about everything we really need," said Alfaro.
Neighbors watch as the displaced families carried out their belongings, wondering if they may be next.
"It's close, so I'm just keeping my fingers crossed," said neighbor Donna Johnston.
If confirmed to be a sinkhole, it'd be the fourth one to open up in Seffner in less than a month.
Jeffrey Bush was killed when a sinkhole opened up in his bedroom in late February, a second hole came a week later on Cedar Tree Lane that forced a family to vacate, and a third hole opened up just days ago in a Shore Ranch Drive yard.
Charles Billi, WTSP


text:
You can really build more than one military station above single planet.
Thanks for the info, now everything is much more easier. P.S.You can build more than one mining station using the same way.
[Edited by Baxianus, 6/9/2012 12:13:57 PM]
No, i think You are right with this one. Trainer also give resources to the A.I. and reset their unit cap too.
Can anyone confirm this?I will also try it out today and report back
doubtful..if so then the game uses the same address for both player and ai
"Ah yes, another thing. The cheat is not working for the AI, but the AI is cheating like hell by default. Eg it does not have any unit limit and it can build Destroyers without shipyards so no idea how is it getting it's army."


text:
July 23, 2004 -- Last week the U.S. Small Business Administration opened up its borders when it signed an alliance with the American and African Business Women's Alliance. The two groups hope the partnership will promote international trade between small businesses in the two lands, as well as create mentor relationships.
The SBA and the AABWA have agreed to share information on women's business ownership, training, procurement and online programs. The groups will also share information on international trade programs, export assistance, general resources and other outreach material.
The two organizations have maintained a strong relationship since the AABWA was formed in 2001, but this is their first formal partnership.
The mission of the AABWA is to increase international and intra-Africa trade and investment by forging business partnerships in Africa and with the U.S. The group runs seminars and conferences in order to promote management skills that foster international trade. The organization also provides members with importing and exporting information.
The always cash-strapped SBA noted that, "All activities are subject to the availability of funding."


text:
The Good Samaritan Hospital offers a breast cancer support group on the third Wednesday of each month from 6 to 7:30 p.m. in classroom 4.
The informal group is open to anyone who is a survivor of breast cancer, from those newly diagnosed to those who have survived many years, according to a news release. The main purpose is to give support, comfort and inspiration to one another.
The hospital also offers a general cancer support group. Meetings will take place on the first Tuesday of every month from 6 to 7:30 p.m. in classroom 4. The group is open to anyone who is a cancer patient or survivor of cancer and their caregivers. The main purpose is to exchange ideas, information and give encouragement to one another.
Refreshments are provided. For more information about either group, call 717-270-2226.


text: Suspected LAX gunman charged Share this story email Share this story «Previous 6 of 17 Photos Next » Read the story « » LAX Shooting SWAT officers search a parking structure during a security check at Los Angeles International Airport on Friday Nov. 1, 2013. A gunman armed with a semi-automatic rifle opened fire at the airport on Friday, killing a Transportation Security Administration employee and wounding two other people. (AP Photo/Ringo H.W. Chiu)


text:
Learn how MacUpdate Desktop can install apps on MacUpdate with the simple click of the icon. Plus, keep all your apps updated.
SonicWeb is an advanced multi-radio recording internet radio player. It plays free internet radio stations, records, and automatically splits the recorded streams into separate tracks and adds them to playlists. It supports the creation of custom playlists and allows the export of tracks to iTunes and into files.
Check out the demonstration video to see SonicWeb in action!
SonicWeb combines the functionality of an Internet radio player and recorder in a powerful, unique way. Playback is gapless, tracks of different radio stations are crossfaded into more...
What's New
- New light look and feel, and a new icon
- Export tracks into a folder and / or to iTunes
- 2 new listening and recording modes: live listening without recording and continuous recording in addition to the existing record and split into tracks mode
- Edit track info such as artist, title, and album
- Sleep timer
- Miniplayer and icon in the menu more...
- OS X 10.6.6 or later


text:
[Full-disclosure] StreamArmor v1.0 has Released!!!
- From: evil fingers <contact.fingers@xxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Mon, 29 Mar 2010 02:15:07 +0000
*StreamArmor* is the sophisticated tool for discovering hidden alternate
data streams (ADS) as well as clean them completely from the system. It's
advanced auto analysis coupled with online threat verification mechanism
makes it the best tool available in the market for eradicating the evil
streams. StreamArmor comes with fast multi threaded ADS scanner which can
recursively scan over entire system and quickly uncover all hidden streams.
All such discovered streams are represented using specific color patten
based on threat level which makes it easy for human eye to distinguish
between suspicious and normal streams.
StreamArmor has built-in advanced file type detection mechanism which
examines the content of file to accurately detect the file type of stream.
This makes it great tool in forensic analysis in uncovering hidden
documents/images/audio/video/database/archive files within the alternate
data streams. StreamArmor is the standalone, portable application which does
not require any installation. It can be copied to any place in the system
and executed directly.
To *Read more* & to *Download* the tool, check out :
http://www.StreamArmor.com <http://www.streamarmor.com/>
What others think about SecurityArmor v1.0?
Thank you for choosing Rootkit Analytics!
Kind Regards,
Full-Disclosure - We believe in it.
Charter: http://lists.grok.org.uk/full-disclosure-charter.html
Hosted and sponsored by Secunia - http://secunia.com/
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text:
E3 Station House
from £53 /night help Price for guests, Nights approx:
from £53 /night help Price for guests, Nights approx:
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Excludes fees (if applicable). Enter your dates to see the total cost.
Townhouse / 3 bedrooms / sleeps 6 Home 495974
Availability Your dates are available
Townhouse / 3 bedrooms / sleeps 6
|Key Info
Sleeps 6 - 1 double bedroom, 2 twin bedrooms
Price from: € 450 per week.
Newly refurbished 3 bed townhouse, (large private master bedroom & two twin bedrooms) located in the heart of Clifden Town Centre with bars restaurants, cafes and all shops within walking distance. A stylish, bright and airy townhouse set over three floors with everything to make a family comfortable and feel at home including microwave, washing machine, full fridge/freezer in the kitchen.
There is a flat screen & cable TV, docking music station in the living room for Family entertainment, as well as some games for those rainy days!
All bedrooms have fitted wardrobes, wooden floors and worldwide converter plugs. The private master suite on the top floor has a sky light for morning sunshine and fresh air! Twin room on second floor is overlooking the Station House Courtyard, the second twin room has double doors opening out onto an ornamental balcony with views over the Show Ground.
Free parking is available at the townhouse in safe and well lit area. It is quiet, the only sound is the creek running through the town! For your safety there is a fire alarm and fire extinguisherson every floor.
Wake up to the aroma of freshly grounded coffee, baked scones & croissants in Steam Cafe across from the Townhouse.
More than 70 years ago the last Steam Train departed from Clifden to Galway. Today the Railway Station, its Station House Platform and Engine House have been magnificently restored and transformed into a hotel and courtyard.
The Station House courtyard is set around the old Clifden Railway Station. The complex comprises of townhouses, apartments an award winning restaurant and coffee shop, two bars, leisure centre with pool, spa, theatre, an excellent hairdressers and two designer clothes shops which are all on our doorstep.
This is a perfect base for exploring, touring and enjoying the magnificent sights, tours and entertainment Connemara can offer. Whether you enjoy a relaxing holiday or a family fun filled adventure this is the ideal break away haven.
Free Parking Available
Well Lit Complex
Newly Refurbished
Everything to make a family comfortable and feel at home
Ample Storage Space
Flat Screen & Cable TV
Music Dockiing Station
Games for Children
Worldwide convertor plugs in every room
Overlooking Showground & Courtyard - Set in the Station House Hotel Complex
Theatre, Leisure Centre, Bar, Coffee Shop all on your Doorstep
Special Offers in Renew Spa Exclusive to this Apartment
Stones throw from Clifden Town Centre
Fully Equipped Kitchen
Fire Extinguishers on everyfloor - fire alarm
First Floor:
There are two bedrooms twin beds and fitted wardrobes , the first room overlooks the Station House courtyard & the second twin room has double doors onto a small balcony overlooking the Show Ground - ideal spot for the Connemara Pony Show!
Top Floor:
Here you will find a bright and spacious private master bedroom with fitted wardrobes and an ensuite shower room.
|Sleeps up to 6, 3 bedrooms
|3 bedrooms, 1 bathrooms of which 1 En suites
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer
|Double beds (1), Single beds (4)
|Balcony or terrace
|Suitable for people with restricted mobility, Not suitable for wheelchair users
The Western Ireland region
Located in the heart of Clifden town centre the Capital of Connemara set between the Atlantic Ocean, the majestic Twelve Ben mountains and the preserved bog lands. The history, heritage, culture & traditions of Irish Music and Dance, the colourful small shops, cosy coffee shops, lively pubs where entertainment is plentiful, exquisite restaurants are just a few of the attributes of this town.
Connemara is surrounded by white sandy clear water beaches which are safe to swim and provides chances for sailing, windsurfing, fishing, kayaking and canoeing. Take a walking tour with Michael Gibbons and discover the magnificent and magical island of Inishbofin. Ascend the heights of the majestic Diamond Hill with its panoramic 360 views from the summit. Journey back in time and visit Marconi's oringinal radio telegraph station, explore the landing site of the first transatlantic flight by John Alcock and Arthur Brown, and discover a 5,000 old walkway all within a couple of hundred meters of each other on the Roundstone Bog Walk.
From the townhouse you can take a wonderful walk up the Sky Road, it is a great way to see the wonderful backdrop to the town along with the two church spires, which give Clifden its distinctive skyline. Further along the Sky Road is a gateway leading to the ruins of the old D'Arcy mansion, Clifden Castle.
This townhouse is overlooking the Show Ground in Clifden it has a birds eye view for the ever popular 3 day event in Clifden Town, the Connemara Pony Show. Connemara Ponies compete at national competition level to gain the title of Champion Loose Jumping. a Performance Show featuring Working Hunter, Dressage, Puissance & Parade of Champions will parade. There is lots to see and do for all the family including in-hand and riding classes, side saddle, dog show, domestic arts and Irish Dancing.
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text:
Mark Zuckerberg, I'm sure you're aware, has been spotted in China. Whenever this happens — and it has happened before — it sparks a flurry of news reports and speculation. I'm not going to link to any specific piece because I'm not trying to call anyone out in particular, but you can easily find dozens of stories on Mr. Zuckerberg's current trip with Google and ten seconds if you haven't seen the coverage already. This is where tech news meets celebrity gossip and I'm going to be honest: I hate it.
Now, don't get me wrong. Zuckerberg is an important guy in tech, and his traveling to China could be an important story. Last time he came, it really was; he met with reps from several major Chinese internet companies and seemed to be feeling things out for a potential Facebook launch here. This trip, though, the closest he's come to doing any Facebook business (as far as we know) is buying a smart cover for his iPad at the Shanghai Apple Store. Riveting.
So why are we — the collective tech media that covers Asia — covering it? Why are we posting these stalkerish photos of the man and his girlfriend walking around Shanghai and Beijing? I understand how appealing "Facebook might launch in China" is as a story, but is there any evidence that Zuckerberg's trip has anything to do with that? Any at all? His presence alone isn't evidence of anything, as much as we might want it to be. And maybe I'm missing something, but the most compelling evidence I've seen so far that he might be doing business in China is one photo in which he appears to not be with his girlfriend. Not exactly a smoking gun.
If there's evidence that Zuckerberg is working on some Facebook business in China, the tech media should certainly cover it. That would be big news. But it hasn't happened yet. And although I'm no Facebook or Zuckerberg fan, it makes me feel weird when some of my favorite tech news sources are suddenly full of paparazzi photos of a man who, by all appearances, seems to be trying to enjoy a vacation.
So Mark Zuckerberg is in China. If there are signs he's trying to figure out a way to launch Facebook here, I want to know about it. But I'm not sure I need — or even want — to know where and when he bought an iPad cover. Maybe I'm off base here, but that doesn't seem like news to me.


text:
India to slash Iran oil importsComment on this story
New Delhi - India has to cut its Iranian oil imports by nearly two-thirds from the first quarter after the United States asked it to hold the shipments at end-2013 levels, in keeping with the nuclear deal easing sanctions on Tehran, Indian government sources said.
India, with the increases already made in the January-March loading plans from Iran, has to cut its purchases of the crude to about 110,000 barrels per day (bpd) to drop its intake average to 195,000 bpd for the six months to July 20.
Under the Nov. 24 agreement between Iran and six world powers, the OPEC member was to hold oil exports at "current volumes" of about 1 million bpd, and a message delivered by a top U.S. energy policy official to Indian ministries in February was the first clear sign of low tolerance for any increases.
Since the interim deal was signed, purchases of Iranian oil by its top four buyers - China, India, Japan and South Korea - have been creeping up and together they have taken 1.25 million barrels per day (bpd) in January against a daily average of about 935,900 bpd for all of 2013.
"It is a fact that they (the United States) have asked us that Iran's exports to India should not exceed 195,000 bpd between January to July and we have said that we'll take care of that," said one of the government sources, all of whom requested anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue.
The U.S. official could not be reached for comment.
Tehran and Western world powers are working through a landmark deal that runs from Jan. 20 to July 20 that requires Iran to curb its nuclear programme in return for a calibrated release of $4.2 billion it is owed in back payments for its oil.
Tough international sanctions over the past two years have cut Iran's oil exports in half, measures that starved it of hard currency and helped lead it to the nuclear deal last November.
While relaxation of sanctions has made oil exports easier to arrange and buyers no longer have to keep reducing purchases, they were meant to keep import volumes unchanged from the end of last year.
India, though, is already on track to average crude loadings of 322,200 bpd from Iran in the first quarter, according to loading figures provided by one of the sources. The figures included lifting plans for 345,000 bpd during January.
Tanker arrival data, meanwhile, compiled by Reuters put India's January intake of crude from Iran at 412,000 bpd, double the daily arrival average for December.
The sources said the loading increases mean Indian refiners have to cut their buys of Iranian oil to about 110,000 bpd over the April 1-July 20 period to meet the ceiling of 195,000 bpd.
For the fiscal year to March 31, India's oil purchases from Iran are likely to be down about a fifth to 214,300 bpd, according to the loading data, sharper than a 15 percent reduction requested by Washington to win a waiver on sanctions.
Private refiner Essar Oil will be the biggest Indian buyer of Iran's oil this financial year, replacing state-owned Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemical.
Essar will have lifted about 30 percent higher than its contract volume of 80,000 bpd, said another government source.
A jump in Essar's Iran oil imports comes as Iran is giving India a discount on crude and offering free delivery.
Essar has offered to take about 5.36 million barrels in March from Iran, taking its annual purchases to 105,000 bpd.
MRPL's oil imports from Iran will average about 84,000 bpd this fiscal year versus contract levels of 80,000 bpd, the third government source said.
No immediate comment was available from the companies.
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text:
Mischa Barton is having a rough fashion week. A few days ago we compared her style to a lack-luster Meryl Streep, and she steps out in this...situation. It's no where near the Oscars, if that was her insane inspiration.
The truth is we can't see what's really going on because of the strange white sweater jacket, but it looks like a baggy gold gown in serious need of some ironing, which is ironically the opposite of what her pin-straight hair needs.
NEWS: Check out our last critique of Mischa's Meryl-inspired attire!
We love a metallic look, but too much fabric makes it feel like liquid gold. A tightening of the top and some shape through the middle would probably take this from black-tie grunge to red carpet goddess, but the former The O.C. star would definitely need to lose the cover-up to make that happen.
It may have been a chilly night in New York, but a more fitted jacket with less floor-length tentacles (and by less we mean zero) would up the chic factor by 1,000%.
Here's hoping the fashion comeback starts next week...


text:
Sales Consultant - Retirement and Assisted Living Community
Stellar Senior Living - Kent, WA
This job posting is no longer available on Stellar Senior Living. Find similar jobs:Sales Consultant jobs - Stellar Senior Living jobs
About this company
Stellar Senior Living is family owned and operated which means that we are deeply involved in each community. We take pride in every...


text:
How To Remove Red Wine Stains
Remove Red Wine Stains. Follow Lady's maid Bea Knapp's step by step instructions to get red wine stains out of your clothes. Rely on your dry cleaner no longer!
Step 1: You will need
- some water
- some White paper towels or a white cloth
- some Oxygen based stain remover
- some Laundry detergent
- 1 basin or bowl
- 1 spoon
- 1 kettle
Step 2: Blot
To avoid long-term damage to your clothes, act as fast as possible.
Blot the stain to remove any excess wine using a paper towel or cloth. Make sure whatever you use is white as the dye from coloured materials could leak into the shirt fabric and cause further damage.
Step 3: Check the label
Check the instructions on the label to see if the garment is machine or hand washable. If it is neither, you will have to take it to a dry cleaners.
Step 4: Dilute the stain
If possible, run cold water over the stain immediately to dilute it. Otherwise, sprinkle some water over the stain to keep it wet. If it dries, it will be harder to get out later.
The most important thing is to dilute the stain., so if there is no water to hand, white wine or soda water will work just as well.
Some people suggest sprinkling salt over the stain. This does not remove any of the dye but will stop the liquid from spreading.
Step 5: Soak
Dissolve about a dessert spoon of oxygen based stain remover in a bowl of water and soak the shirt, stirring occasionally with a spoon to ensure the stain is completely immersed. After a few of minutes, you should no longer be able to see any red wine on the shirt.
Step 6: Wash at a high temperature
Once the stain has been removed, wash the garment at the highest temperature advised on the label.
The same process will apply for colored clothes, but make sure you use a laundry detergent that is suitable for colored fabrics. After five minutes or so the stain should have disappeared completely.
Step 7: Dry
Dry as normal


text:
Rio de Janeiro: As all eyes turn to Rio for the World Cup (and the 2012 UN Earth Summit and 2016 Olympics), the city is investing millions of reals into the existing Pier Maua, which will allow cruise passengers to visit nearby sites such as the S...
Rest of Peru
Rest of Peru Travel Guide
Articles about Rest of Peru
By Lisa Cheng
By David Kaufman
Born in Lima, trained in new England, and based in Miami, architect Bernardo Fort-Brescia has travel in his DNA. But his heart remains in Peru, where Fort-Brescia's firm Arquitectonica is working on a clutch of new hotels that reflect its Modernis...
By Alice Gordon
La Casona Inkaterra, Cuzco Location A block from the historic Plaza de Armas, the latest carbon-neutral property from Peruvian hotel group Inkaterra is secreted behind a massive green door on tiny Plazuela Las Nazarenas, which it shares with the...
Hotels in Rest of Peru
This regal 79-room property sits right off of Trujillo's main historic square. Rooms are small but well appointed with rich carved beds and flat-screen televisions. Opt for one of the six suites with generous sitting-room space (some have balconies with carved colonial screens).
Things to do in Rest of Peru
The Ica Desert of Peru was once the thriving seafloor of an ancient ocean. Today, it's one of the driest places on the planet and among the best fossil-hunting grounds ever found.


text:
All the hottest nonfoods products and trends will be featured under one roof in Colorado later this month.
This is a year of firsts and lasts for the NACDS Marketplace. For starters, it will be the first time the conference, which runs from June 23-26, is being held at the Colorado Convention Center in Denver. NACDS officials are looking forward to having the show here, noting that the location is expected to attract buyers and exhibitors from both coasts.
"The ability to maximize resources, multiply ROI and meet with a number of people in a short span of time in one convenient format is what everyone is looking for these days," says Jim Whitman, senior vice president, member programs and services for NACDS.
It is also the show's last year in its current format, as some significant changes were announced for next year. Beginning in 2013, the Marketplace Conference will be merged with the Pharmacy and Technology Conference and the Supply Chain & Logistics Conference. The new event, the NACDS Total Store Expo, debuts Aug. 10-13, 2013, at the Sands Expo in Las Vegas.
According to Whitman, this new iteration will better reflect how business is being conducted today to drive efficiencies across the supply chain. "It will also help attendees to better define and develop unified sales strategies, not just 12 months out, but 24 or 36 months out," he says.
As for this year's show, the Meet the Market program is back by popular demand. This program enables exhibitors to present their company and products to retailers through a series of NACDS-arranged 10-minute appointments that take place the day before the exhibit hall opens.
The show also features a Product Showcase, giving exhibitors the opportunity to get their products in front of retailers. These products will be featured on the exhibit floor and on the NACDS Marketplace website.
"NACDS Marketplace is always a very busy and productive show for us," says Art Pirrone, vice president of sales and marketing for Modular Thermal Technologies, based in North Kingstown, R.I.
Here is a sample of what attendees can expect to see from some of the companies exhibiting at the show.
Today's society is a mobile one and the need for charging our personal electronic devices is never ending. To address this, Energizer is introducing a number of new solutions for charging USB-powered devices such as smartphones, MP3 players and Apple products at NACDS Marketplace. Available in two power supply options, 5 Watts and 10 Watts, the chargers can turn any AC or DC power outlet into a charging station. According to company officials, each of the chargers will operate with either existing USB cables or the new Energizer USB Cables.
"Consumers rely heavily on their smartphones, MP3 players, iPods, iPhones and iPads and we responded by expanding our offerings," says Lou Martire, vice president of trade development for St. Louis-based Energizer.
The new products were a result of Energizer's research aimed at understanding how consumers use their devices and accessories. "For example, the new Premium 5W USB Chargers for car and wall have cable management features to reduce clutter," he says. "A FindMe Light on the car charger helps consumers locate the charger in their car and a wall charger with a battery status indicator light lets them know when their devices are done charging."
Procter & Gamble
The ability to fall asleep and stay asleep is taken for granted by many, but increasingly this issue is affecting a growing number of people, especially those over the age of 30. To address this need, Procter & Gamble is introducing Vicks ZzzQuil LiquiCaps. According to Steve Sholtes, industry affairs manager for the Cincinnati-based company, this marks Vicks' first entry into the sleep aid category.
"ZzzQuil enables the consumer to fall asleep, sleep soundly and wake up feeling refreshed," says Sholtes. As he explains, ZzzQuil will build on Nyquil's strong heritage of "best sleep with a cold" and speak directly to consumers who want a trusted brand that solely addresses sleep issues. "This new initiative gives retailers the opportunity to capitalize on the ZzzQuil launch and revitalize the sleep category," he says.
American Greetings
This may be the age of digital communications, but as officials at American Greetings so aptly note, consumers still rely on the greeting card aisle to help them connect with people in a creative, authentic and meaningful way.
Among the new collections are the hilariously original Mustache Party, the adorable personalities of Sweet Stuff, and a line of cards that puts funny at your fingertips with Hot Buttons, say company officials. Mustache Party features catchy songs, mustache-powered motion and a free companion app for iPhone and iPad users. Sweet Stuff features adorable felt character magnets paired with popular songs. Hot Buttons feature a large push button that delivers one of five funny audio clips each time it is pressed.
"Our latest inventions leverage the freshest ideas and the most in-depth consumer insights in the industry to deliver greetings that offer a truly unique experience," says Steve Laserson, vice president of greeting cards for the Cleveland-based company.
Wahl Clipper Corp.
Known for its quality grooming products, Wahl Clipper Corp. is changing course a bit at the show. In addition to highlighting its clippers, the company will also be featuring its line of pain management therapy products. Wahl's Hot & Cold Therapy Massager is the latest in hand-held massage. This advanced pain management solution combines soothing massage with temperature therapy, say officials for the Sterling, Ill.-based company. Heat can be added to increase circulation or it can be used cold to help reduce swelling and inflammation.
Wahl also has a Deluxe Heat Therapy Massager, a lightweight, ergonomic massager featuring nine interchangeable heads and variable speeds. Third is Wahl's Deep Tissue Therapeutic Massager, a percussion massager ideal for those with active lifestyles as it offers targeted or all-around deep muscle relief.
Since the line launched last year, sales in the declining category turned around significantly, say company officials. "We saw this as an opportunity to revitalize the category and appeal to a whole new market of consumers—those who lead active lifestyles looking for pain relief," says Bruce Kramer, vice president of North America consumer sales and marketing for Wahl. "To set our new massagers apart, we convinced key retailers to test these products in the pain management section of their stores. The results were immediate."
Modular Thermal Technologies
If there is one thing officials at Modular Technologies know about, it is pain relief. The company has created a revolutionary cold pack designed to deliver therapy for up to eight hours. Cryo-Max Cold Packs come with a support wrap, which helps to absorb condensation and givers users the freedom to move around while they are applying the relief. The reusable cold packs are available in small, medium and large sizes.
According to Art Pirrone, vice president of sales and marketing for the North Kingstown, R.I.-based company, most ice packs on the market today are gel-based, prone to dripping and leaking and have a short window in which they are effective. "Cryo-Max features a patented module matrix design which allows it to stay flexible and comfortable when frozen," he says. "Whether for the knee, back, shoulder, head, etc., its design not only provides targeted relief, it maintains the doctor-recommended temperature range of 36 to 40 degrees for up to 8 hours."
Dr. Fresh
It may have gained popularity as a downloadable game, but the Angry Bird license has also been lent to plush toys, a feature film, theme park—and now oral care. Later this year, Dr. Fresh will be premiering FireFly Angry Birds Squirt 'N Brush Tooth Foam, the first in a series of licensed Angry Birds oral care products from the company. According to officials, the Squirt 'N Brush Tooth Foam with fluoride creates a new genre within the toothpaste category—one that promises to change the way children in particular view the task of brushing.
Unlike traditional toothpaste that is applied to a toothbrush, the foam is designed to be squirted directly into the mouth and its light foamy formula can easily penetrate hard-to-reach spots, say company officials. "Dr. Fresh is excited to offer a complete line of oral care products with the Angry Birds license," says Barry Goodridge, vice president of sales for the Buena Park, Calif.-based company. In addition to the tooth foam, Goodridge says the company will also be introducing other Angry Bird products including travel kits, manual toothbrushes and power toothbrushes.
Select-A-Vision, known for its quality eyewear, originality and dependable in-store service, is introducing Dog Bone Readers at NACDS Marketplace. Perfect for the mature pet-lover, each frame comes with matching proprietary registered dog Bone-shaped case, say company officials. Dog Bone Readers are intended exclusively to be cross-merchandised in the pet category. Available with eye-catching display graphics, Dog Bone Reader power wings and aisle intruders will surely capture the attention of pet lovers, company officials note.
"Our strategy since starting the company in 1986 has been simple—give the consumer options," says Steve Liebers, president of the Collegeville, Pa.-based company. According to Liebers, the pet category is exploding with opportunity as more shoppers seek out interesting products that best identify their pet relationships.
Similasan USA
As many parents can attest, eye allergies are common occurrences with children, especially at the change of seasons. Often accompanied by coughing, sneezing and itchy throats and eyes, eye allergies can also cause severe eye itching, redness, watering and even burning.
With that in mind, Similasan USA, makers of a broad line of homeopathic products, will be highlighting their Kids Allergy Eye Relief product at the show. Made with 100% natural active ingredients, Kids Allergy Eye Relief stimulates the body's natural ability to relieve symptoms such as redness, burning, dryness, stinging, grittiness and watering due to environmental pollutants and exposure to wind and sun, say company officials.
"Extending our children's line to include Kids Irritated Eye Relief and Kids Allergy Eye Relief adds to our commitment of finding safe and effective solutions for all ages," says Dan Quail, vice president of sales for the Highlands Ranch, Colo.-based company.
Hisamitsu America
Consumers are increasingly turning to topical pain relievers for two simple reasons—they offers relief without having to be concerned about drug-to-drug interactions or stomach upset that can accompany oral analgesics.
To meet these demands, Florham Park, N.J.-based Hisamitsu America has expanding its line of pain patches to include Salonpas Pain Relieving Gel-Patch Hot. The new patch features capsaicin and menthol in a soothing cloth patch that is ideal for minor aches and pain relief in the shoulder, upper back and lower back. Unlike an oral medication, the active ingredients in Salonpas Patch are absorbed through the skin and go directly to the pain site.
According to CEO John Incledon, when capsaicin is used on the skin topically it helps relieve pain by first stimulating and then diminishing the intensity of pain signals. "We employed our most update water-based gel technology in a menthol/capsaicin formulation to create Salonpas Gel-Patch Hot," says Incledon. "The product soothes on contact and then provides waves of deep penetrating heat."
Unilever will be debuting its Clear Scalp & Hair Therapy brand. The line consists of Clear Scalp & Hair Beauty Therapy, a line of six shampoos and five conditioners to meet a variety of hair and scalp needs; Clear Scalp & Hair Beauty Therapy Ultra Shea, nourishing treatments, shampoo and conditioner specifically formulated to meet the needs of African American women; and Clear Men Scalp Therapy, a new generation of 2-in-1 shampoo plus conditioners and shampoos designed specifically for men and clinically proven to stop dandruff.
Officials at Unilever say the breakthrough approach was created to help women and men think differently about hair care and to generate awareness that a well-nourished scalp is the right foundation for strong, beautiful hair. "Clear Scalp & Hair Therapy is a new approach to hair care that starts with scalp nourishment and creates the right foundation for strong, beautiful hair for women and dandruff-free hair for men," says David Rubin, U.S. haircare marketing director for the Englewood Cliffs, N.J.-based company.
Mueller Sports Medicine
Mueller Sports Medicine has designed a support that stays comfortable through extended wear. Mueller's 4-Way Stretch Elastics feature a unique stretch design for superior comfort without pinching, binding or bunching, say officials for the Prairie du Sac, Wis.-based company.
The circular weaving produces targeted 360-degree compression and its contoured knit design offers a superior fit, say company officials. It is antimicrobial and its new, longer design helps to ensure a snug fit. It is available in configurations for knees, elbows and ankles.
"There was clearly a void in the category," says Herb Raschka, senior vice president, noting that opening price point elastic supports often fit poorly and were uncomfortable. "As the name implies, our product stretches four separate ways, twice as much as traditional supports which means our products fit more customers and provide all-day support for all active life styles," he says.
King Bio
The increase in the number of people diagnosed with asthma has fueled demand for natural options that can help relieve mild symptoms associated with the disease. In response, King Bio offers AsthmaCare.
Officials at King Bio note that AsthmaCare, which is sold under its Safecare label, addresses two needs. It helps retailers fill some of the void left by the recall of Primatene Mist inhalers which were pulled from shelves last year due to their ozone-damaging CFCs and even more importantly, it helps fill consumers' desire for natural, safe and affordable OTC products. AsthmaCare is intended to complement, not replace, standard medical care for mild symptoms of asthma.
"AsthmaCare is unique because it is delivered as an oral spray mist in a taste-free, pure water base," says Dr. Frank J. King, Jr., founder of King Bio. "Everyone appreciates this dosage system, since taking a dose looks similar to using a spray breath freshener. Children who don't want to be labeled as different by their peers when taking medicine are especially appreciative of this."


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Microsoft: Windows 8 app store is anti-Apple, due February
updated 08:35 pm EST, Tue December 6, 2011
Windows 8 store to let devs skip Microsoft systems
Microsoft in a presentation providing further details on the Windows Store in Windows 8 positioned it as the antithesis of Apple's own App Store. Web Services VP Antoine Leblond made clear that while the Windows Store would have in-app purchase and subscription systems, these would be strictly optional. Apps like an instance of The Daily Telegraph could use their own back-end systems, something which Leblond was keen to note could show on a Windows 8 tablet but not an Apple device.
"It's not an app you could have on the iPad," he said, referring to Apple's insistence that any in-app purchases on iOS go through iTunes and give up 30 percent of revenues.
Microsoft was hoping to strike a balance between Apple and Google, he said. Apple had quality control but a strict and at times unclear approval process. Google, meanwhile, had a very loose approval process that let malware through as well as cloned or scam apps.
Developers would also theoretically get more money back. Microsoft would take an Apple-style 30 percent cut from apps through their first $25,000 in sales either for the app or in-app sales, but this would drop to under 20 percent afterwards. Minimum prices would be higher at $1.49. Developers can pay $49 to develop for the store as individuals or $99 across whole companies.
Leblond omitted disadvantages to Microsoft's own store, such as the requirement to use its store for regular Metro apps as well as Google's much lower five percent cut of Web Store apps.
Some details were recaps. The Windows Store will support trial apps and will transition over the app's state if the user unlocks it as a paid version. Enterprise customers won't have to go through the store, and the store will be localized in every language Windows uses, although only the top 40 countries will get directly localized pricing.
Confirming some rumors, he revealed that the Windows Store would launch side-by-side with a beta of Windows 8 in late February. It would only be limited to free apps at first, and app submissions in the early phase would be invitation-only, according to Leblond.
In pitching the Windows Store to developers, Leblond tried to convey a size for the Windows market that ultimately showed how less dependent the world was on PCs. He touted that 500 million Windows 7 PCs made Windows' exposure "just so much bigger," but estimated that there were 152 million iOS devices, 247 million Android devices, and 30 million Macs. The difference left just 71 million devices' difference and suggested anyone who wrote for both Android and iOS could cover nearly as many systems.
Windows 7 is moreover meaningless for market share, since the Windows Store will only take Windows 8 apps and later. In practice, it could see Android and iOS still having much larger addressable bases even years into Windows 8's life.


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Bruce Rampage sits above the pipe that opens up onto homeowners' properties along Heath Road. Residents say standing water problems started after the Newark-Heath-Licking County Airport received upgrades in recent years, but city officials disagree.
- Filed Under
Bruce Ramage can no longer walk to work on a path through his property.
Mike Anderson's grandchildren can no longer play in the back of his property late in the evening.
They are among a group of Heath Road residents frustrated with standing water on their properties and the mosquitoes and health concerns it brings. ...


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Posts: 437
boolProp testingCheatsEnabled true
boolProp allow45degreeAngleOfRotation true
floatProp tvVolume 0.1
boolProp dontMergeNHFlora false
uintProp maxTotalSims 50
uintProp maxTotalHumans 35
uintProp maxTotalPets 15
boolprop ControlPets on
boolprop PetActionCancel true
intProp maxNumOfVisitingSims 20
# Aliases
alias mton "modifyNeighborhoodTerrain on" "modifyNeighborhoodTerrain On" "modifyNeighborhoodTerrain On"
alias mtoff "modifyNeighborhoodTerrain off" "modifyNeighborhoodTerrain Off" "modifyNeighborhoodTerrain Off"
alias mon "moveObjects on" "Move Objects On" "Move Objects On"
alias moff "moveObjects off" "Move Objects Off" "Move Objects Off"
alias kc "kaching" "Grants 1,000 cash"
alias ml "motherlode" "Grants 50,000 cash"
alias soff "boolProp snapObjectsToGrid false" "Snap Objects to Grid Off" "Snap Objects to Grid On"
alias son "boolProp snapObjectsToGrid true" "Snap Objects to Grid On" "Snap Objects to Grid Off"
alias coff "boolprop constrainFloorElevation false" "Constrain Floor Elevation Off" "Constrain Floor Elevation Off"
alias con "boolprop constrainFloorElevation true" "Constrain Floor Elevation On" "Constrain Floor Elevation On"
alias ton "boolprop testingCheatsEnabled true" "Testing Cheats Enabled On" "Testing Cheats Enabled On"
alias toff "boolprop testingCheatsEnabled false" "Testing Cheats Enabled Off" "Testing Cheats Enabled Off"
alias hon "showHeadlines on" "Show Headlines On" "Show Headlines On"
alias hoff "showHeadlines off" "Show Headlines Off" "Show Headlines Off"
alias res "changeLotZoning residential" "Make residential lot"
alias comm "changeLotZoning community" "Make community lot"
alias greek "changeLotZoning greek" "Make greek house"
alias dorm "changeLotZoning dorm" "Make dorm lot"
alias secret "changeLotZoning secretsociety" "Make secret society"
alias rsa "roofSlopeAngle" "Roof Slope Angle"
alias irsa "individualRoofSlopeAngle" "Individual Roof Slope Angle"
alias ff "FamilyFunds" "needs family name; e.g. 'fam smith 1000'"
alias petwill "boolprop PetsFreeWill True" "Free will ON for pets"
alias petwill- "boolprop PetsFreeWill False" "Free will OFF for pets"
Posts: 1,057
Thanks: 1375 in 12 Posts
Posts: 126
Posts: 437
Posts: 728
Originally Posted by Liv Lukas
What's vsync off do?
Posts: 14,411
Thanks: 29775 in 135 Posts
Posts: 955
Thanks: 3 in 1 Posts
Originally Posted by Darby
vsync off
boolprop testingcheatsenabled true
boolprop controlpets on
boolprop cancelpetactions on
intprop maxnumofvisitingsims 40
floatprop tvvolume 0.2
uintProp maxTotalSims 36
uintProp maxTotalHumans 24
uintProp maxTotalPets 12
Originally Posted by M.M.A.A.
What do these exactly do?
Originally Posted by Selly_2009
Maxon, in regards to "pause", I've found that just hitting the "P" button does the job, no cheat box required. To resume, simply press it again
And If I may be so bold, please may I swipe some of your aliases? I've never got ANY of mine to work... I've obviously typed them in wrong.
Posts: 959
Thanks: 257 in 2 Posts
Originally Posted by M.M.A.A.
boolProp dontMergeNHFlora false
what does this one do?
Originally Posted by maxon
It was a Seasons issue to do with rendering the neighbourhood trees. Basically, the game missed a lot of them out from view when you were on lot.
Posts: 685
Posts: 437
Posts: 126
Originally Posted by Mootilda
Tearing is when the screen contains portions of two different frames. If the picture is moving, then you will see a disconnect somewhere on the screen; that's called tearing.
Originally Posted by Bwinney43
For some reason I could never get the User startup cheat thing to work for me. When I tried, though, I had boolprop snapobjects and the 45degree one. Also had moveobjects off/on. Few others.. Would have been handy but I can't figure it out.
Originally Posted by M.M.A.A.
as in some trees not appearing when you are playing a lot? i had this problem with a household were i placed a forest of pine trees and those that were near the house didnt appear.
Posts: 2,454
Posts: 14,411
Thanks: 29775 in 135 Posts
Originally Posted by maxon
An issue with it is that if you spell one of the cheats incorrectly, the game stops reading the file at that point. Basically, anything you include after the error doesn't get read and so doesn't work.
Originally Posted by Mootilda
That's also why you also need to be careful not to use cheats from an EP that you don't have.
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text:
Camp Chef Denali Pro 3X Three Burner Stove with GriddleItem #: TB90LWG15
List Price: $396.00
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Special Price: $179.99
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Camp Chef's Denali Pro 3X now comes standard with easy-to-use Matchless Ignition system. The Denali Pro 3X includes three large burners for a combined output of 90,000 BTU's which makes it one of the most powerful portable stoves currently available.... Learn More
Camp Chef Explorer 3X Three-Burner StoveItem #: EX90LW
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The Camp Chef Explorer 3X features three 30,000 BTU burners for maximum cooking versatility. A huge cooking surface will allow you to cook for large groups with ease. With the Explorer 3X you can grill, griddle, boil, or fry. Great for Dutch oven coo... Learn More


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Kenny Cooper scored in the 88th minute Wednesday, and the Seattle Sounders came from behind to beat FC Dallas 2-1 for their fifth straight win. Less than two minutes after coming into the game, Cooper converted a pass from Obafemi Martins. Martins also set up Lamar Neagle for the tying goal in the 62nd minute. He now has an MLS-leading six assists. Cooper subbed in for Neagle in the 86th minute. With Martins taking the ball down the left wing, Cooper ran into the box, took Martins' cross and one-timed it high into the left side of the net for his third goal of the season. The Sounders (7-2-1) tied a club record with their fifth consecutive victory, extending their unbeaten streak to six and their league-leading point total to 22. They came from behind in five of the games during the unbeaten streak. Brazilian forward Michel gave FC Dallas (5-4-1) the early lead when he converted a penalty kick in the 16th minute. It was his fourth goal of the year. May 8, 2014
Contact Us:
(360) 426-1030
(360) 426-1030


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Book a trip with Howardsville Canoe Livery and relax on the James, Rockfish or Tye Rivers. Individual, family or group tours can be arranged with your equipment or use ours. Shuttle service is available. Camp grounds will be open in the spring of 2012. Enjoy a relaxing day on the river.
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The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) annual edition is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the departments and agencies of the Federal Government produced by the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) and the Government Publishing Office.
Download the Code of Federal Regulations in XML.
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Purchase individual CFR titles from the U.S. Government Online Bookstore.
Find issues of the CFR (including issues prior to 1996) at a local Federal depository library.
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations
Title 7: Agriculture
§226.17 Child care center provisions.
(a) Child care centers may participate in the Program either as independent centers or under the auspices of a sponsoring organization; provided, however, that public and private nonprofit centers shall not be eligible to participate in the Program under the auspices of a for-profit sponsoring organization. Child care centers participating as independent centers shall comply with the provisions of §226.15.
(b) All child care centers, independent or sponsored, shall meet the following requirements
(1) Child care centers must have Federal, State, or local licensing or approval to provide day care services to children. Child care centers, which are complying with applicable procedures to renew licensing or approval, may participate in the Program during the renewal process, unless the State agency has information that indicates that renewal will be denied. If licensing or approval is not available, a child care center may participate if it demonstrates compliance with the CACFP child care standards or any applicable State or local child care standards to the State agency.
(2) Except for for-profit centers, child care centers shall be public, or have tax exempt status under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
(3) Each child care center participating in the Program must serve one or more of the following meal types—breakfast; lunch; supper; and snack. Reimbursement must not be claimed for more than two meals and one snack or one meal and two snacks provided daily to each child.
(4) Each child care center participating in the Program shall claim only the meal types specified in its approved application in accordance with the meal pattern requirements specified in §226.20. For-profit child care centers may not claim reimbursement for meals served to children in any month in which less than 25 percent of the children in care (enrolled or licensed capacity, whichever is less) were eligible for free or reduced price meals or were title XX beneficiaries. However, children who only receive at-risk afterschool snacks and/or at-risk afterschool meals must not be included in this percentage. Menus and any other nutritional records required by the State agency shall be maintained to document compliance with such requirements.
(5) A child care center with preschool children may also be approved to serve a breakfast, snack, and supper to school-age children participating in an outside-school-hours care program meeting the criteria of §226.19(b) that is distinct from its day care program for preschool-age children. The State agency may authorize the service of lunch to such participating children who attend a school that does not offer a lunch program, provided that the limit of two meals and one snack, or one meal and two snacks, per child per day is not exceeded.
(6) A child care center with preschool children may also be approved to serve a snack to school age children participating in an afterschool care program meeting the requirements of §226.17a that is distinct from its day care program for preschool children, provided that the limit of two meals, and one snack, or one meal and two snacks, per child per day is not exceeded.
(7) A child care center may utilize existing school food service facilities or obtain meals from a school food service facility, and the pertinent requirements of this part shall be embodied in a written agreement between the child care center and school. The center shall maintain responsibility for all Program requirements set forth in this part.
(8) Child care centers shall collect and maintain documentation of the enrollment of each child, including information used to determine eligibility for free and reduced price meals in accordance with §226.23(e)(1). In addition, Head Start participants need only have a Head Start statement of income eligibility, or a statement of Head Start enrollment from an authorized Head Start representative, to be eligible for free meal benefits under the CACFP. Such documentation of enrollment must be updated annually, signed by a parent or legal guardian, and include information on each child's normal days and hours of care and the meals normally received while in care.
(9) Each child care center must maintain daily records of time of service meal counts by type (breakfast, lunch, supper, and snacks) served to enrolled children, and to adults performing labor necessary to the food service.
(10) Each child care center must require key staff, as defined by the State agency, to attend Program training prior to the center's participation in the Program, and at least annually thereafter, on content areas established by the State agency.
(c) Each child care center shall comply with the recordkeeping requirements established in §226.10(d), in paragraph (b) of this section and, if applicable, in §226.15(e). Failure to maintain such records shall be grounds for the denial of reimbursement.
(d) If so instructed by its sponsoring organization, a sponsored center must distribute to parents a copy of the sponsoring organization's notice to parents.
[47 FR 36527, Aug. 20, 1982, as amended at 52 FR 36907, Oct. 2, 1987; 53 FR 52591, Dec. 28, 1988; 54 FR 26724, June 26, 1989; Amdt. 22, 55 FR 1378, Jan. 14, 1990; 61 FR 25554, May 22, 1996; 62 FR 23619, May 1, 1997; 63 FR 9729, Feb. 26, 1998; 64 FR 72261, Dec. 27, 1999; 67 FR 43493, June 27, 2002; 69 FR 53546, Sept. 1, 2004; 70 FR 43262, July 27, 2005; 72 FR 41608, July 31, 2007; 75 FR 16328, Apr. 1, 2010; 78 FR 13451, Feb. 28, 2013]


text:
Best money I've spent becoming a lifetime member!
The service here is excellent!
i just want to say thx and that i am experienceing a bug that crashes game to windows when i get a ingame choise to hire a general and when i get my first development and have to chose to go eighters military or civile
Turn the trainer off temporarily with the numpad '/' key before you end your turn or enter a battle (Auto resolve is still fine with trainer functions on).After you've finished the battle or started a new turn and gone through the pop ups, simply press it again.


text:
- Filed Under
The 2009-10 basketball season was both frustrating and exciting for Fond du Lac's Travis Diener, who finished his fifth season in the NBA.
Diener fought through a healing foot, which he had surgery on early in the season only to be buried on the depth chart by the Indiana Pacers when he returned to action in January.
After being released by the Pacers and picked up by the Portland Trail Blazers in March, Diener had much the same role, but he made his first career playoff appearance in April. ...


text:
Nemer Motor Group treats the needs of each individual customer with paramount concern. We know that you have high expectations, and as a car dealer we enjoy the challenge of meeting and exceeding those standards each and every time. Allow us to demonstrate our commitment to excellence!
Our experienced sales staff is eager to share its knowledge and enthusiasm with you. We encourage you to browse our online inventory, schedule a test drive and investigate financing options.
If you don't see a particular vehicle, click on CarFinder and complete the form. We will gladly inform you when a matching car arrives. If you'd like to see a vehicle in person, click on Dealership: Directions for step-by-step driving instructions to our site, or give us a call. We look forward to serving you!
We thank you for your business and continued patronage.
At Nemer Motor Group, the needs of each individual customer are of paramount importance to us. The Nemer family knows you have high expectations and as a New York dealer we enjoy the challenge of meeting and exceeding those expectations each and every time we do business.


text: Isn't it refreshing to see a pair of boots that have the movement and the comfort you want from the get-go? Perhaps you've spent time bashing a pair of boots up to get them worn and supple…that's not going to happen with these ones. The Jeffrey Campbell Brown Brit boots can be folded down and twisted, and they have the perfect patina. Studs and straps are two of the notable details. [$332 at oak]


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Carols by Candlelight has been going for 75 years in Australia. Richard Tognetti, Artistic Director of the Australian Chamber Orchestra, reflects on Bach, Luther and spirituality.
The interview leads up to the ACO performances of Bach's Christmas Oratorio.
Carols and Chorals: 1pm, December 17 on ABC Radio National
Christmas Oratorio dates
Sydney Opera House tonight, 6.30pm
Melbourne – Arts Centre Thu 19 Dec, 6.30pm


text:
Secrets of Success< Secrets of Success Main Page
All Secrets submitted by MKOULOGE
Please note these are member-submitted secrets and are not reviewed by SparkPeople's health experts for accuracy. If you feel a secret is inappropriate, please click the "Report Inappropriate Secret" on the secret's page and our staff will review it.
"If you always do what you've always done, you'll always get what you've always got"
- Submitted by MKOULOGE 4/5/2011 in Motivation | 0 Comments
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