text:
Putting Women in the Picture
The Rebbe's views on women today
|Section of a manuscript by Dr. Susan Handleman with revisions by the Lubavitcher Rebbe in the Rebbe's handwriting. An explanation of the Rebbe's comments, as well as a facsimiles of and commentary on the additional manuscripts, appear in this article.
This essay is adapted from The Chabad Movement in the Twentieth Century, eds. Yitzhak Kraus and Moshe Hallamish (Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 2005), with permission of the editors.
Let me begin with a story I heard from Robert Abrams, formerly the borough president of the Bronx and district attorney of the State of New York, and currently a practicing lawyer. As an influential New York politician, he had several private audiences with the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, who was often visited by such figures. On one of his visits to the Rebbe, Mr. Abrams was accompanied by his wife, Diane, who sat beside him in the Rebbe's office while the two men discussed current political and economic issues. Diane Abrams is herself an accomplished lawyer, and by her own account "not a shy person at all." Assuming, however, that the Rebbe was interested in conversing only with her husband, she sat silently as they spoke. After some time, the Rebbe turned to her and said with a smile: "Why aren't you saying anything? These are the days of women's liberation . . ."1
This little vignette summarizes the essence of what I want to say here, and my study of the Rebbe's writings, talks and activities in relation to women—and my own personal contact with him. I think he discerned the deeper meaning of what was occurring historically in relation to women. The Rebbe saw within the stirrings of the women's movement a deep spiritual inner dimension and strong redemptive energiesHe saw within the stirrings of the women's movement a deep spiritual inner dimension and strong redemptive energies. He understood the need to use these energies for the good, and so encouraged women to speak, articulate their yearnings and achieve their spiritual aspirations. And he himself worked very practically to implement all of this—from a global level down to encouraging one woman sitting in his office to speak her mind.
While I have written other essays that examine in depth the Rebbe's halachic and theological approaches to the status of women in Torah, this one will be somewhat different. It supplements those with a personal account from the point of view of an outsider/insider or participant/observer. There are many forms of knowledge, and there is a certain dimension of understanding one gains only through an insider's position, and through having known one's subject "face to face."2 This is particularly true in relation to a "Rebbe," a figure who functions on many levels—not just as a thinker, writer, teacher, rabbi or public leader, but also as an intimate, personal counselor. So I hope to add a personal perspective to the literature about the Lubavitcher Rebbe's relation to women's issues.
While it is quite clear to me that the Rebbe understood and sympathized deeply with the yearnings and aspirations of women on many levels, it is important to first portray briefly here the larger theological-metaphysical framework in which he perceived their strivings, and their place in his overall vision of Jewish history, the mission of the Jewish people and redemption.
The Rise of the Feminine Era in Kabbalah and Chassidism
Those familiar with chassidic philosophy recognize the idea that there are "sparks of holiness" (nitzotzot kedushah) scattered throughout our lowly physical world, awaiting their redemption through our actions. Concurrently, there is the chassidic-kabbalistic principle the Rebbe also often cited, that "everything that happens below has it source in what happens Above." I think he took this principle also to mean that there was a specific historical-theological reason why the women's movement was occurring in our times, and that our task was to infer what it signified for the current generation.
In an oft-quoted passage from a talk on Jewish education for women given in 1990, the Rebbe reinterprets the basic Talmudic and halachic sources regarding women's Torah study, draws out the practical implications, exhorts women to increase their study and teaching, and asks for the community at large to support this endeavor. He further asks: why has this increase in Torah learning for women occurred specifically in the recent era? On the one hand, the Rebbe answers, there is the traditional idea that each generation further from the divine revelation at Sinai is on a "lower" level, and so there is an increasingly greater need to bolster it. The Rebbe described the increase in Torah study by women as one of the "positive innovations of the later generations"Nevertheless, he continues, the result has been a great good, an increase in Torah study; and this increase in Torah study by women he emphatically describes as one of the "positive innovations of the later generations."3
From another perspective, each generation further away from Sinai is also closer to the final redemption and the messianic era. And so, the Rebbe adds, we could say we have merited the increase in Torah study for women precisely because of that proximity: it is part of the preparation for—and already a taste of—redemption. A defining characteristic of the messianic era is a great increase in knowledge and wisdom; and so we now already have a "taste" of it, just as there is a halachah (Torah law) that before Shabbat one is to taste each of the special dishes to be enjoyed at the Shabbat meal.4 (This also connects to the idea the Rebbe often repeated, that different parts of Torah are revealed in the times appropriate for them. Hence, he explained, only in recent generations has the esoteric "soul" of Torah—kabbalah and chassidism—been revealed and become increasingly accessible to the masses. Even though these latter generations might be on a lower level than previous ones, they also have a greater responsibility, for they are to purify and complete the final galut (exile) and open the way to redemption. Hence the most sublime parts and secrets of Torah are revealed in the latter generations, and they already begin to "taste" of the Torah of the messianic era.)
But there is an even deeper connection—continues the Rebbe in the above talk—of women to the messianic era. Kabbalistic and chassidic teachings have a special understanding of the role of the feminine in the era of redemption and the world to come. Then, say the classical sources, all the "feminine" aspects of the world will emerge from their concealment and diminution in the unredeemed world, and rise to the highest stature.5 That is the deeper reason—says the Rebbe—that in our generation the innovations and increase in Torah study connect to and are emphasized in relation to women. The effect of their study is also great, for as the Talmud says in a well-known line: "In the merit of the righteous women of that generation were the Jews redeemed from Egypt."6 And so, the Rebbe concludes, in the merit of the righteous women of our generation, may the full and complete redemption come.
Many other chassidic leaders and thinkers, including his own predecessors in the Chabad movement, write of the time of the redemption in these kabbalistic terms as the elevation of the "feminine" side (malchut or nukva, as it is called in the literature). As far as I know, however, the Rebbe is the only one to specifically connect this long-held and abstract mystical idea to concrete sociological phenomena occurring in our time. He did not let it remain a metaphorical depiction of some coming future era far from us, unrelated to the current realities of women's lives.7The Rebbe concludes that in the merit of the righteous women of our generation the full and complete redemption will come
This perspective paralleled his reinterpretation of the halachic obligations of women in the mitzvah of Torah study, and within Chabad, his encouragement of their dramatically increased public participation in Chabad outreach activities.8 He also transformed the role of the shluchah—the wife of the shaliach or Chabad "emissary." The Rebbe sent thousands of young families to serve as his "emissaries" all over the globe to found Chabad houses and reach out to fellow Jews. He made the women's role independent in its own right. He instituted the Kinus ha-Shluchot, an annual conference in the Chabad Center in New York for these women emissaries, just as the Chabad male shluchim had all gathered from all over the world once a year in Crown Heights. The women came to New York for a long weekend of workshops and lectures, and had special gatherings with the Rebbe in the main synagogue; the men sat upstairs, where the women usually sit for prayers, while the women sat with Rebbe downstairs.
My Personal Experience
My relationship with the Rebbe began when I was a graduate student in English literature in the 1970s, and used part of a fellowship I had to research and study for six months in the Chabad world center in Brooklyn, New York—the place where the Rebbe had resided since coming to America in 1941. Over the years I developed strong ties to the community and to Chabad Chassidism, and had personal contact with the Rebbe in many ways: participating in his farbrengens (public gatherings), corresponding and consulting with him, intensively studying his writings, and brief face-to-face encounters. I had ample opportunity to observe him up close, and to experience personally his relation to women.
During my time in Crown Heights and afterwards, I wrote several essays about Chabad chassidism, many of which were based on research into the Rebbe's writings, and several of which he edited personally. In 1978, while completing my Ph.D. work in literature, I also co-translated into English, with a Chabad rabbi, an important philosophical and hermeneutic discourse of the Rebbe's on the nature of chassidic thought, entitled Inyanah shel Torat HaChassidut (English title, On the Essence of Chassidus9). The manuscript was given to the Rebbe to be checked prior to its being published in honor of his 75th birthday. My rabbinical co-translator told me with a smile that it was reported to him that when the Rebbe was shown the manuscript for his comments, he did not question my participation or credentials, but instead those of my male colleague, who was well-known as a highly learned Torah scholar: "Since when does Rabbi G. know English so well?" asked the Rebbe.
At the suggestion of one of his secretaries, Rabbi Binyomin Klein, I had also consulted with the Rebbe about my Ph.D. dissertation topic. I was not the only one, of course, to be writing to the Rebbe for advice. The secretary told me that the Rebbe received and answered about four hundred letters a day. This was in addition to the endless phone calls and faxes that deluged his office in the course of any 24-hour period, along with the personal audiences he had with his followers and the many different people who came from all over the world to see him, and which lasted late into the night. I had at that time thought of two possible dissertation topics: one on Shakespeare, and one on literary theory and rabbinic methods of interpretation. I often like to ask people which topic they thought the Rebbe advised me to write about. Many answer, "Shakespeare." I had two possible dissertation topics: Shakespeare or literary theory and rabbinic methods of interpretationWhen asked why, they surmise he would not like me to mix rabbinic and secular studies, or would not think that as a woman I had enough knowledge to pursue that topic. Those who choose the rabbinics option say they think he would want me to try to bring Yiddishkeit into the university, as part of the well-known Chabad emphasis on outreach. The answer was neither. The Rebbe's advice, as conveyed to me in the note typed by Rabbi Klein reproduced below, was as follows:
My translation into English: "It depends on what could be surmised about the attitude toward religion and Judaism of those who will be examining her Ph.D. work (that they should not be anti-religious, for then there would be some apprehension that they would disturb her and be opposed, and so forth)."
(Parentheses in the original; the Rebbe's answer was also phrased in the third person, in the formal European style of polite respect.)
This response, I would say, was characteristic of the Rebbe. For as much as he was deeply immersed in the mystical traditions of chassidism and kabbalah, as much as he was forcefully engaged in a wide variety of campaigns to spread Yiddishkeit to every corner of the world, as idealistic he was about the "pure spark" in the soul of every Jew and about the ever-present potential of redemption, he was also very grounded, and pragmatic down to the last detail. The answer reflects an astute awareness of the politics of the university and of academic committees. It was very astute advice, which I followed, and which I now also give to my own graduate students: choose your academic advisor and dissertation committees very carefully. In the end I chose to pursue the topic of rabbinic interpretation and its relation to modern literary theory, which eventually became my first book, The Slayers of Moses: The Emergence of Rabbinic Interpretation in Modern Literary Theory.
The Rebbe Edits My Work
There were other very concrete and pragmatic ways in which the Rebbe assisted me in my writing and encouraged my academic work. One was connected to his active and intense interest in the activities of the Chabad women's organization, N'shei Chabad. One of the organs of this organization was a journal called Di Yiddishe Heim, "The Jewish Home." It is a small bilingual "in-house" magazine, half the articles written in Yiddish and half in English, and directed towards a lay audience of women of the Chabad community. When I came to study in Crown Heights in 1977 while a graduate student in English Literature, the feminist movement was in full swing. As a graduate of an Ivy League women's college at the forefront of the movement (Smith College, where my commencement address was given by Gloria Steinem), I was troubled by the issues feminism raised about the role of women in Judaism. As I learned more Chabad philosophy, I found very interesting talks and writings of the Rebbe and sources from previous rebbes which discussed the role of the "feminine." In order to help myself deal with these questions, I wrote an article based on these sources for Di Yiddishe Heim entitled, "The Jewish Woman: Three Steps Behind?"
Articles for the journal were written by both men and women, and the editor was a woman. I wrote the article and handed it in to her, and she accepted it for publication. A short while afterwards, long before the article actually appeared in print, I wrote my first personal letter to the Rebbe to consult with him about something. After answering the personal issue, he added the following words:
Translation: "I enjoyed her article in the forthcoming 'Yiddishe Heim,' and may G‑d grant her success in all her other activities."
I was surprised, and did not know how the Rebbe would have known about the essay before it was published. So I asked the editor, who told me that although few people knew about it, after she had edited all the manuscripts, the Rebbe went over them again, editing them himself. And he took this time due to his great interest in the activities of women and his desire to support and encourage them. I subsequently wrote several articles for this journal, many based on ideas from his published public talks and discourses; and, as a favor to me and encouragement to write more, the editor gave my original manuscripts back to me with the Rebbe's corrections.
In these corrections, one sees him relating with great care to the efforts of a young academic woman beginning to learn chassidic teaching and trying to relate it to current issues in philosophy, literature and politics. The extraordinary pains he took to read and edit my writing in English—including its typos, punctuation and grammar, as well as phraseology and ideas—astounded me and reminded me of the kind of the detailed, fatiguing reading and commenting I did for my own students when I taught intensive courses in English Composition. What follows are some representative examples from these manuscripts.
"One Sentence of Torah"
One essay I wrote was on "The Search for Truth—'Religion' and 'Secularism,'" discussing the relationships among secular knowledge, Torah and science—an issue with which I was concerned at the time. In the article, I wrote the following paragraph:
Scientists, for example, have had to deal with the "uncertainty principle" and the recognition that at a certain level of observation, the observer so interferes with his data that he can't attain any certain conclusions. Philosophers no longer attempt to explain the whys and hows of the universe, and restrict themselves mostly to analyzying language and logic—refusing to deal with "metaphysical" questions. Modern literature is extremely bleak, describing in painful detail the emptiness of the mind turning on itself, disconnected from the heart, and incapable of action. [Note: I must add here that this was written before the use of gender-inclusive language became prevalent, so all the pronouns refer only to "he."]
The Rebbe edited this paragraph by
- deleting the extra words "so interferes with his data that he"
- changing "any certain conclusions" to "a certain conclusion"
- adding apostrophes to the phrase "why's and how's"
- correcting my typo in the word "analyzying" to "analyzing"
- changing the phrase "language and logic" to "events, phenomena etc."
In this essay, as well as others I wrote in an earlier time of more youthful extremism, he also qualified my large generalizations—as I often find myself now doing with the writing of my own students. Further on in the essay, I referred to a sichah ("talk") he gave about this subject10 and I wrote:
. . . all secular sciences are limited and imperfect. They do not posses anything outside of themselves, or outside of reason—and furthermore, reason itself has its own inner limitations. Nevertheless, the Rebbe points out, it is precisely these limitations that satisfy a person, because he can grasp the entire system and contain it. He feels the satisfaction of mastering a body of knowledge, and hence, secular knowledge leads to arrogance.
In this paragraph, the Rebbe
- deleted the word "all" in the first line, so it then read instead "secular sciences are limited and imperfect"
- inserted the words "today's human" to the next line, which now read "or outside today's human reason"
- qualified my sweeping generalization in the last line by inserting the adverb "very often" to the phrase "secular knowledge leads to arrogance," to now read "secular knowledge very often leads to arrogance"
The essay continued with my writing in the next paragraph that the opposite was the case with the study of Torah, which is an unlimited, infinite wisdom:
Thus one can never contain Torah, master it. A person always feels how far he is from grasping the whole of it and fathoming its infinite depth. Therefore, he doesn't become arrogant, but on the contrary—humble. And the more he learns, the humbler he becomes, and the greater is his thirst for learning Torah.
The Rebbe here, in what is my most favorite revision of his, inserted the words "all the content of even one Dvar (sentence of)" in the first line. The Rebbe relates with great care to the efforts of a young academic woman beginning to learn chassidic teaching and trying to relate it to current issues in philosophy, literature and politicsIt then read: "Thus one can never contain all the content of even one Dvar (sentence of) Torah, master it." Yet he was indeed one of the masters of Torah in our generation. I remember attending his farbrengens—public gatherings the Rebbe would hold. The large synagogue in Brooklyn would be packed with a thousand or more people. If it were a weekday, he would start to speak at around 9:30 PM, and often give several sichot or "talks," each lasting about forty minutes. Without a note, he would speak into the early hours of the morning, for five or more hours, citing liberally from memory and constructing innovative interpretations intricately woven from of the whole corpus of Jewish literature—Bible, midrash, Talmud, the classic commentaries, kabbalah, Jewish law, chassidic philosophy.
There are also the many personal stories of scientists and mathematicians who corresponded with and spoke to the Rebbe about the technicalities of their work, and which he corrected as well. In the essay I wrote on Torah and science, I went on to paraphrase a well-known talk of his given on Parshat Noach 5738,11 in which he speaks of the pre-eminent truth of Torah that "G‑d is One" as also meaning the following:
Unity is more true than diversity; the real truth is the interdependence of all things into a unity, the Unity of G‑d. The multiplicity of creation is no contradiction to the Unity of G‑d; indeed this multiplicity comes from His Unity, as Chassidut explains at length.
The Rebbe has pointed out that science is approaching the same realization, so to speak. He explains that it was once thought that every natural force was an independent power, that the substance of every being was composed of many different elements. With the growth and progress of science, however, man is coming more and more to realize that this multiplicity and separation of elements is something external—merely the manner in which parts combine, the way they are broken down or expanded. Science has more and more reduced the number of essential elements until it has come to the realization that the essence of the existence of the world consists in the unification of two aspects: "quality and quantity," or "energy and mass"; everything is a unity of these two aspects. What science does not yet realize or admit is that this unity is from G‑d and is an aspect of His unity.
His corrections to this paragraph were:
- to change the phrase "composed of many different elements" to "composed of essentially different elements"
- to delete the word "external" from the phrase "this multiplicity and separation of elements is something external"
- to insert the phrase "has made it its goal to" to the beginning of the sentence, "Science has more and more reduced the number of . . ."
- to invert the word order of "more and more reduced" to "reduced more and more"
- to change the phrase "essential elements until" to "basic elements and forces until"
- to change the phrase "the unification of two aspects : 'quality and quantity'" to "the two ultimate aspects: quality and quantity"
- to qualify my sweeping generalization, "What science does not yet realize" to "What some scientists do not yet realize"
Women's Unique Powers of Eliciting Holiness
There was a case, however, in which the Rebbe intensified a large generalization I had made, one specifically about Jewish women.
In another essay I wrote, entitled "Judaism and Feminism: Our G‑d and the G‑d of Our Mothers," I explicated some of his writings on the nature of feminine spiritual power in the light of chassidism and kabbalah. The focus, in particular, was on the relation of the two sefirot (the divine attributes in kabbalistic thought, which also are the superstructure of the world) chochmah and binah, "wisdom" and "understanding." These are also called "Father" and "Mother," and he discussed their relation to the "Fathers" and "Mothers," i.e., the patriarchs and matriarchs of Israel, and the powers they bequeathed to the Jewish people. To summarize briefly: in commenting on the Parshah (Torah reading) of Chayei Sarah (Genesis 23:1–25:18),12 the Rebbe discussed the quality of binah, and the ability of the feminine "attributes" to more closely affect the physical world and bring what is actual out of what is potential—both in the kabbalistic schema, and on the parallel psychological-physical plane of our mundane world of male and female.
In the essay, I prefaced the idea by explaining a foundational notion in chassidic thought, and wrote that before the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai, the physical and spiritual "realms had been separated from each other and not connected." To this sentence, the Rebbe inserted the adverb "perfectly"—"had not been perfectly connected." The Rebbe discussed the quality of binah to bring what is actual out of what is potentialHe had further elaborated the idea in the sichah that the mitzvot performed by the patriarchs and matriarchs, who lived in the pre-Sinaitic era, helped prepare the way for the stronger, more perfect connection that would occur later, but their mitzvot could not affect the physical world as strongly as those we perform after the giving of the Torah.
Here he had made a very interesting distinction between the kinds of kedushah, "holiness," the patriarchs and the matriarchs respectively brought into the world. The matriarchs of Israel brought a different kind of kedushah into the world than did the patriarchs, he maintained. The patriarchs could draw into the world a "holiness" that would remain in the physical object after the mitzvah they performed was fulfilled—but only in that part of the physical which had a connection to the patriarchs themselves. For example, the mitzvah of circumcision which Abraham was commanded drew kedushah into the body that fulfilled the mitzvah, but not into the world outside. However, through Sarah, the first matriarch, kedushah was drawn into a part of the world outside of her, and this power she bequeathed to all Jewish women. (For a further analysis of how and why this is so, see the original sichah).
In another sichah,13 the Rebbe wrote of another distinctive trait Jewish women possess more than men, which is indicated by G‑d's giving of Rosh Chodesh (the first day or days of the Jewish month) as a special holiday to Jewish women in all generations and into the world to come as a reward for their not participating in the sin of the golden calf. The Rebbe describes this special female attribute as a certain unshakable attachment to and deep faith in G‑d that helped the Jewish women in the desert resist the trials to which the Jewish men succumbed. Although this feeling of pure faith is rooted in the heart of every Jew, male and female, he adds, it can become covered over or concealed due to various difficulties, and its effect on daily life and behavior no longer be visible. Jewish women, he asserts, have however a special strength in not permitting concealment of this feeling and its effects on behavior. As I summed up these ideas in my essay, I wrote:
The Rebbe points out that the reason why this great reward is given to all Jewish women in all times, till the coming of the Messiah and after (and not just to the women of that one generation [who left Egypt and contended with the golden calf]) is because the power to withstand such a great test which even the men could not endure comes from an innate superior trait that all Jewish women in all ages possess.
In the original version, I myself had twice underlined the word "all" in the first line, but not in the last part of the sentence where this adjective is used again. Here, however, the Rebbe intensified my generalization by underlining once again the last two uses of the word "all": "all Jewish women in all ages." And then once more again later on in the essay, where I summed up and wrote, "Every Jewish woman, in every time and every place, has inherited the special powers of the matriarchs," he underlined the first word, "Every."
"There Must Also Be A Girl In The Picture"
Around 1980, the Rebbe initiated a campaign to encourage children to take more part in the overall public activities and initiatives of Chabad, and become part of Tzivos Hashem, "The Troops of G‑d." Many pamphlets were produced for this campaign, and the chassidim who were in charge of it founded a journal for children called The Moshiach Times. Several highly interesting editorial comments and corrections to this magazine were also made by the Rebbe. One of the later staffers of the journal, Dr. David Sholom Pape, compiled a series of these.14 He relates that on the cover of the very first issue there was a drawing of two rows of children—one of boys and above it another of girls, each child carrying a banner with a letter on it, which all together spelled the words ahavat Yisrael, "Love of a fellow Jew" (figure 1).
One of the older chassidim on the staff balked, and wondered if it was "modest and chassidish for boys and girls to be on the same cover." The younger members of the staff argued that since it was a magazine for both boys and girls, it was indeed appropriate. To resolve the dispute, the cover was sent to the Rebbe for his instructions on the matter. The Rebbe, however, did not instruct the staff to remove the girls from the cover.
The matter arose again when the second issue was prepared for Purim, and the cover had a boy and girl in Purim costumes, dressed as Mordechai and Esther blowing bubbles in which were images of the mitzvot of Purim (figure 2). Again, objections were raised that such an image of a boy and girl playing together in proximity was against chassidic ethics; the previous cover had had the boys and girls separated in rows, but now the boy and girl were next to each other! The cover was again sent to the Rebbe, who simply returned it with a check indicating it was fine to print.
The third issue was designed for Passover and had a cover sketch of a boy looking into a stamp album, each stamp depicting one of the fifteen steps of the Passover Seder. The angle of the drawing and the size of boy's head and the album left no room for an image of a girl as well. Since the other two covers had been sent in, this cover was also sent to the Rebbe for approval, and the answer came back:
Tzarich lihyot gam na'arah—"There also needs to be a girl."
The artist redrew and redesigned the cover to add the head of a girl on the left side and the boy on the right side (figure 3), and by then a custom had been established to send the covers in to the Rebbe for all the issues.
A few years afterwards, in 1984, a cover was prepared by a well-known cartoonist for the Elul issue, portraying a boy returning home from summer camp to his room, carrying his sports equipment. The room is portrayed as filled with holy objects, equipment for a solider in Tzivos Hashem—a chumash, siddur, charity box, and so forth, and he is wearing a kippah and tzitzit. The cover was sent in to the Rebbe, who returned it with two comments: "The tzitzit should be seen" and "There must also be a girl in another corner."
I conclude with these stories since I think this directive, "There must also be a girl in the picture," summarizes what I have been saying throughout. On the broadest theological-metaphysical level, the emergence of the aspect of the "feminine," of malchut, was also the deepest question of redemption. And the Rebbe connected the most abstract speculations and concepts in kabbalah and chassidism to the most practical and detailed endeavors in daily life.
I think this stance was also related to how he saw himself in the role of the seventh Lubavitcher rebbe. His mission was to continue and expand all the work of the previous rebbes, but especially that of his father-in-law, the sixth Lubavitcher rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn—to widely diffuse, develop and bring the latter's work completely into concrete reality. There is a Chabad chassidic idea that each of the seven rebbes paralleled a different sefirah. In this schema, the sixth rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak, paralleled the sefirah of yesod, and Rabbi Menachem Mendel, the seventh, was malchut—the last sefirah in the kabbalistic schema, which is on the "feminine" side of the sefirot. Malchut, the last sefirah, receives and channels all flow from the preceding configurations of sefirot, and connects and implements them in the physical world. It is also called "sovereignty" or "kingship," as defined by the notion of a king whose power comes only by virtue of the people, and whose life is given over to serve the people and to implement physical action in the world.
The Rebbe would often vigorously end his public discourses with the words "u-lematah me-asarah tefachim, b'karov mamash!" ("Below ten handbreadths, soon and really!") In other words, to bring all the wishes for good for the Jewish people, for redemption, for tikkun of the world—to bring this all down from abstract concepts and spiritual ideas to "below ten handbreadths." "Ten handbreadths" is the halachic measurement for a "private domain" on Shabbat, but more to the point, a reference to the rabbinic saying that "the Shechinah (divine presence) never descended below ten handbreadths."15 In other words, to bring this all completely down to earth, to the ground, to our collective and individual literal, historical, physical, daily, mundane existence. And this, too, I believe, is what he tried to do in putting women "into the picture" of Jewish life, not just in theory, but pragmatically and actually—"soon and really"!
|See the video interview with Diane Abrams in which she relates this anecdote.
|I have written in depth about this question in my essays, "'Knowledge Has a Face': the Jewish, the Personal, and the Pedagogical" in Personal Effects: The Social Character of Scholarly Writing, eds. David Bleich and Deborah Holdstein (Utah State University Press, 2002), pp. 121–144, and "'Stopping the Heart': The Spiritual Search of Students and the Challenge to a Professor in an Undergraduate Literature Class" in Religion, Scholarship and Higher Education: Perspectives, Models and Future Prospects, ed. Andrea Sterk (Notre Dame University Press, 2002), pp. 202–230.
|"Al Devar Chiyuv Neshei Yisrael be-Chinuch uve-Limmud ha-Torah 5750 [1990]" in Sefer ha-Sichot, vol. 2 (Brooklyn, N.Y.: Kehot, 1992), pp. 455–459.
|See the Rebbe's discourse on the nature of chassidic philosophy and its innovations entitled Inyanah Shel Torat ha-Chassidut (and the appendix printed there, a discourse given on the last day of Passover 1970) on the timing of revealing new insights and aspects of Torah. It is translated into English in the volume On the Essence of Chassidus (Brooklyn, N.Y.: Kehot, 1978).
|That is the deeper meaning of the famous verse from Proverbs (12:4), "A woman of valor is the crown of her husband," and from the prophet Jeremiah (31:21), "The woman will encircle the man." The crown, symbolizing the highest kabbalistic sefirah (divine attribute) of Keter, sits on top of and encircles the head. Similarly, in the prophecy of Jeremiah, "the woman encircling the man" signifies the highest level of divine revelation, in the mode of a "circle" (makkif). In a circle, all points are equidistant from the center, as opposed to the hierarchical structure of a line. A circle also symbolizes what encompasses and can't be contained and delimited. There are hints to this in the wedding ceremony, where the bride indeed encircles the groom, and in the language of the wedding blessings. See further the chassidic discourse of R. Schneur Zalman of Liadi in his Torah Ohr, end of Parshat Vayigash, and his commentary on the siddur and the wedding blessings for the relation of male and female in the messianic era and the world to come.
|Sotah 11b.
|Naftali Loewenthal adds, however, that "at the same time, one cannot quite leave out what R. Yosef Yitzchak [the Rebbe's father-in-law and predecessor] was doing. His presentation (in his Zichronot) of women secretly studying Talmud in the ancestry of R. Schneur Zalman, his setting up of Achos ha-Temimim [a women's study group] in Riga in the 1930s, and his statements about this, are very interesting in terms of a new view of womanhood. The messianic aspect is not stated, but then in general his intense messianism (seen in Ha-Keriah veha-Kedushah) is not expressed in his discourses and other teachings." Personal e‑mail correspondence with the author, August 19, 2002.
|See my essay "Women and the Study of Torah in the Thought of the Lubavitcher Rebbe" in Jewish Legal Writings by Women, eds. Micah D. Halpern and Chana Safrai (Jerusalem: Urim Press, 1998), pp. 143–178, for an explication of his technical halachic analysis of the mitzvah of Torah study for women. This analysis was printed in the Rebbe's Likkutei Sichot, vol. 14 (Brooklyn, N.Y.: Kehot, 1978), pp. 37–44, and reprinted in Chiddushim u-Veurim le-Shas, vol. 1 (Brooklyn, N.Y.: Kehot, 1979), pp. 217–223. The Rebbe concludes, through a careful analysis of the classical sources and Shulchan Aruch ha-Rav, that the mitzvah of Torah study for women is based not only on the need she has to know the laws pertaining to her—the classic justification—but acquires its own independent status as talmud Torah for its own sake (li-shemah).
On a sociological level there were also many mivtzoim, public campaigns initiated by the Rebbe, that involved dramatically increased public participation of women in both their performance and their promulgation. Among these were the campaign to have all girls from the age of three and upwards light Shabbat candles, and to spread and publicize in as many forums as possible public knowledge of the mitzvah of taharat ha-mishpachah, the laws of family purity.
|See note 4.
|Likkutei Sichot, vol. 4 (Brooklyn, N.Y.: Kehot, 1964), p. 1101.
|Likkutei Sichot, vol. 15 (Brooklyn: Kehot, 1980), pp. 42–48.
|Likkutei Sichot, vol. 5 (Brooklyn: Kehot, 1972), pp. 336–353.
|Likkutei Sichot, vol. 8 (Brooklyn: Kehot, 1974), pp. 317–319.
|Dr. Pape printed them in the Souvenir Journal: Celebrating the Wedding of Bentzion and Rochie Pape, 30 Adar I, 5760—a private illustrated gift volume distributed at the wedding of his son. I am grateful to R. Shlomo Gestetner of the Mayanot Institute in Jerusalem for locating this source for me.
|Talmud, Sukkah 5a.
Modiin, Israel
Thank you for painstakingly describing each thoughtful edit that the Rebbe rendered in pursuit of the most harmonious "whole."
However, one question remains unanswered for me. Is the extension of the feminine in our times inclusive of women who are called to serve as rabbis? So many are called these days - a phenomenon unique to our times.
Far Rockaway, NY
These issues are current and relevant today and Dr Handelman has done us observant and not yet observant Jewish women a great service by bringing the Rebbe's message to us in a way that touches our essence and helps us define ourselves as "modern" Jewish women. This is a must read!
London, England
Lakewood, NJ
dyer, indiana
Insofar as equal wages, equal employment opportunities, equal educational opportunities etc. the feminist movement has done boundless good. In the early 1900's an ideal called "protectionism" emerged—the belief that societies repressing women were in reality safeguarding them from the "evils" of the world. Many women supported this philosophy which stood in opposition to women voting rights, the 19th amendment. Despite its religious underpinnings I can assure you the Rebbe opposed this school of thought.
The Rebbe's unique feminist approach shattered the negative housewife image many feminists perpetuated, with good intentions. In truth, being the educator of children (be it a mother or father. Call me a "misandrist"—opposite of misogynist, but I think women do a much better job with this) serves as the spokes of the societal wheel and is the most prestigious occupation, not one to be taken lightly.
Milwaukee, WI
Brooklyn, NY
- The Rebbe: Marching Orders (14:30)
- The Jewish Woman (8:37)
- Woman's Wisdom (7:58)
- The Jewish Woman – Part 2 (8:02)
- High Holidays with the Rebbe
- The Shluchos (6:55)
Paradigms of Feminine Heroes (63:41)
- Not For Women Only
- Kabbalah on Female Superiority (67:31)
- Revealing Your True Identity (39:06)
- Feminine Mystique (1:09:48)
- Women and Torah (27:54)
- Rebuilding A Shattered World (38:26)
- Women's Torah Study (19)
- Specialness & Commonality (13)
- Lubavitcher Rebbe (242)
- Literature; Writing (26)
- Women, Femininity & Feminism (152)


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results. You may report side effects may include: nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, and confusion or unusual behavior. Call your doctor at once if you have severe kidney disease (or if you are allergic to lansoprazole. Ask a doctor or seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Overdose may
you are taking direct sale of viagra to physicians, unless your doctor about what to do if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to folic acid. Tell your doctor at once if you have ever had alcoholic liver disease or heart problems that will not be distributed by a woman accidentally comes into contact with this medication. Do not stop taking the medication during pregnancy. However, you may receive direct sale of viagra to physicians if you have any of these other conditions: diabetes; thyroid
P-VOLyour doctor tells you to. Your blood may need to be awake and alert. Avoid getting up too fast from a sitting or lying position, or you could have unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Treatments for depression or suicidal thoughts during the last 14 days. A dangerous drug interaction could occur, to
Pages: 1 2

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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At the core of ITS are the services we provide students, faculty, staff and guests. Please select a service from the menu at left.
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New proposals to allow councils to put in place 20 mph schemes over groups of streets without the need for traffic calming measures such as speed humps have been announced by Road Safety Minister Paul Clark.
The Government is encouraging local councils to introduce 20 mph schemes on residential streets and other roads where cycle and pedestrian traffic is high, such as around schools, shops and parks.
In the past, councils wanting to implement 20 mph schemes on groups of roads have had to do so in 'zones' which require traffic calming measures such as speed humps. 20 mph limits without traffic calming were only recommended on individual roads.
However, following a successful city-wide trial in Portsmouth, which suggested it is possible to significantly reduce speeds on residential streets without speed humps or other traffic calming measures, the Department for Transport plans to allow 20mph limits to be used across more streets where traffic speeds are already low without the need for such measures.
Paul Clark said:
"The number of people killed and seriously injured on Britain's roads has fallen by 40% since the mid-1990s and Britain now has the joint safest roads in the world. But too many pedestrians and cyclists – including many children – are still being killed or hurt on the roads around their homes and schools.
"We have seen that 20 mph zones with traffic calming measures can make a real difference to the safety of local roads. But we've also looked at the latest research and listened to councils and residents who want to introduce 20mph limits on a series of roads where physical traffic calming measures aren't possible or practical.
"Allowing councils to put in place 20 mph speed limits on more streets without speed humps or chicanes will mean that they can introduce them at a lower cost and with less inconvenience to local residents."
A report published in the British Medical Journal found that 20 mph zones in London had led to a dramatic reduction in the number of accidents in those areas and called for more 20 mph zones and limits to be put in place.
The Government is also reiterating its call for councils to carry out speed limit reviews of their rural roads by 2011, focusing on National Speed Limit single carriageway 'A' and 'B' roads where 41% of fatalities occur. Local authorities should consider reducing the limit on the most dangerous roads where this will have a significant impact on casualties. These decisions remain entirely for local authorities to make based on their knowledge of local roads.
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- Telecoms law: Cinema company 'bewilders' Church of England by banning…


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African-american Marriage in Accra, Ghana
Experience African-american Marriage in Accra, Ghana today. SoulSingles.com is an African-american Marriage meeting site for all Black singles living in Accra, Ghana and elsewhere. Finding African-american Marriage from Accra, Ghana has never been easier. SoulSingles.com is a African-american Marriage site that includes photo galleries, Black dating profiles and much more. African-american Marriage has never been easier - Soul Singles is a leading site where Black people meet from Accra, Ghana. What are you waiting for, join for free today!
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In my own words : Iam lovely honest caring man for every woman to take as husband.lam fresh handsome cool and collected
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In my own words : My name is Babatunde Atewon , for honesty am 100%, Trustworthiness am 100%, Romantic am 95% Careering am 100%, Good behavior am 100%, I wish to meet the same like me.Please note,
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Age: 37 | Accra, Ghana | Asanti
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In my own words : am michael.just trying to hang around the site for other reasons.Lonely on the land I walk, Lonely cross the sea I sail, Lonely air of beach I stroll – This lonely life doth take its toll. Lonel …


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Youth workers need to have a holistic view of ministry—stay too focused on today and it can be hard to remember where you were headed. But if you're always looking ahead, you risk not handling today well. Here are a few thoughts that may help you tackle today AND tomorrow effectively.
Right In Front Of You:
This Week
What needs to be accomplished right away this week? Go practical instead of tactical; make a "to do list" or use an app to help guide your time and projects with due dates this week. The "This Week" stuff is the nitty-gritty tasks you simply must accomplish. Put your head down, and work through the list you made at the beginning of your week.
The Small Picture:
The Next Season Ahead
 – This is where you move from the day-to-day tasks and make sure you're tracking on the big-picture details of what's next. This is making sure the discipleship retreat camp deposit is in the mail, but not necessarily programming the event itself. This is making sure you have a speaker lined up, but not necessarily knowing the menu that's planned. [Side note: ALWAYS know what is on the menu. Words I (Josh) live by!]
The Big Picture:
This Coming Year
 – Occasionally, throughout the year, find some time to make sure the big-picture vision is in place. Check the pulse of your leaders; look back on goals you set from the year before; work through your vision statements and learnings from a recent book or seminar. Determine what's broken and what's doing well, lay out strategies to address the weak points in your discipleship process. This is a mix of practical (calendar planning) and tactical (is what we have planned truly helping us to accomplish our vision?).
The Lifetime Achievement:
Your Legacy
 – This is the biggest picture of all: what you will leave with your church when you leave, or the legacy you leave behind when God decides your time here is done. Don't text and drive or it may be sooner rather than later. Too many youth workers live in the day-to-day world and never take a step back every few years and really wrestle with your calling again and see what God may be up to.
Consider planning your week with an appropriate amount of time given to each of these categories. Focus on the tasks of the week, be familiar with the season ahead, make sure you know where you are headed and every once in a while, and wrestle with your legacy for good measure, too.
This post was written by Josh Griffin and Kurt Johnston and originally appeared as part of Simply Youth Ministry Today free newsletter.Ă'Â Subscribe to SYM Today right here.


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Resolution: standard / high
Figure 1.
The Tree of Life as impacted by horizontal gene transfer. (a) Extensive horizontal gene transfer at all phylogenetic levels combine to produce a 'Web of Life' that often obscures the lines of descent between groups (modified from [10]). Copyright (2008) National Academy of Sciences, USA. (b) Major microbial groups as defined by 16S ribosomal RNA phylogeny. Bands represent some avenues of extensive gene sharing involving Thermotogales, Aquificales, and Firmicutes. (c) Impact on relationships between Thermotogales and Aquificales of genome content changes due to extensive horizontal gene transfer. Grey clouds represent groups of shared genes between clades that are non-monophyletic in the 16S tree. The phylogeny based on these 'gene content' clouds is quite distinct from that of 16S or other ribosome-based trees.
Swithers et al. Journal of Biology 2009 8:54 doi:10.1186/jbiol160


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My Father Looks for an Honest City
Duration:6 min.
The artist films his father while re-enacting Diogenes the Cynic's philosophical stunt, in which he wanders around an arid landscape with a lit lamp in daytime, claiming to look for an honest man. The film is shot on an open site with unfinished glass buildings, insignia of the new architectural prototypes of the New Cairo, a rising city on the outskirts, complete with archaeological finds, stray dogs and fake palm trees. The re-enactment is set to the sound of a raging thunderstorm.
(Image: Copyright Basim Magdy / Courtesy Livia Berner)


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IHS Inc. (IHS)
Industry: Technology
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IHS, Inc. (IHS)
Q4 2011 Earnings Call
January 06, 2012 8:00 a.m. ET
Andy Schulz - Vice President of Investor Relations
Jerre Stead - Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Scott Key - President and Chief Operating Officer
Richard Walker - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Suzanne Stein - Morgan Stanley
Manav Patnaik - Barclays Capital
Eric Boyer - Wells Fargo
Peter Appert - Piper Jaffray
Michael Meltz – JPMorgan
Bill Sutherland - Northland Capital Markets
William Warmington - Raymond James
Brian Karimzad - Goldman Sachs
Robert Riggs - William W Blair
Kelly Flynn - Credit Suisse
Previous Statements by IHS
» IHS Inc., 2012 Guidance/Update Call, Nov 03, 2011
» IHS CEO Discusses F3Q 2011 Results - Earnings Call Transcript
» IHS CEO Discusses Seismic Micro-Technology Acquisition Closing and Integration - Call Transcript
Andrew Schulz
Thank you, Lacy. Good morning and thank you for joining us for the IHS Fourth Quarter and Fiscal 2011 Earnings conference call. We issued our earnings release and a supplemental presentation earlier this morning. If you do not have the release and the presentation we issued today, you will find copies of them on our website at ihs.com.
Some of our comments and discussions on the quarter are based on non-GAAP measures. Our non-GAAP are adjusted numbers exclude stock-based compensation and other non-cash charges and other items. Our earnings release includes both our GAAP-based income statement and statement of cash flows and reconciliations to the non-GAAP measures discussed during this call. These reconciliation schedules can also be found on our website. The non-GAAP results are a supplement to the GAAP financial statements. IHS believes this non-GAAP presentation and the elimination of these items is useful in order to focus on what we deem to be a more reliable indicator of ongoing operating performance.
As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded and webcast and is the copyrighted property of IHS. Any rebroadcast of this information, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of IHS is prohibited.
Please keep in mind that this conference call, especially the discussion of our outlook may contain statements about expected future events that are forward-looking and subject to risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause actual results to differ and vary materially from expectations can be found in HIS' filings with the SEC and on the IHS website.
With that, it is my pleasure to turn the call over to Jerre Stead, IHS Chairman and CEO. Jerre?
Jerre Stead
Thank you, Andy. Good morning, welcome and a very happy New Year to all of our investors and to my IHS colleagues. It is a great pleasure this morning to share with you our outstanding results from the fourth quarter and for the full year of 2011. Before I do, I must begin with a real heartfelt thank you to my IHS colleagues around the world. The performance I am about to share with you is the direct result of the outstanding team work in collaboration displayed by each of my colleagues. I am very proud to be part of this team.
I will start with the quarterly financial highlights. Revenue was up 27% in the fourth quarter. Adjusted EBITDA increased by 33% and our adjusted EBITDA margin was 32.1%, the highest in our company's history. The absolute dollar levels for Q4 revenue and profit were both company records. Q4 proved to be exactly what we thought it would be, accelerating organic growth on the top line, accompanied by meaningful margin expansion.
Our fourth quarter performance is a fitting capstone on a year characterized by focus and performance. In early November of 2010, we shared our vision for what we would accomplish in 2011. Since then, the world has seen many economic events that certainly have presented challenges for businesses around the world. Despite these global economic challenges we actively managed IHS to ensure that we continue to make the right investment decisions to drive strong profitable growth and to deliver ever better insight, information, and analytics to our customers around the globe every day. Therefore I am proud to share with you these annual results.
Revenue was up 25%. Adjusted EBITDA increased by 26% and our adjusted EBITDA margin was 30.2%, up from last year, despite the significant levels of investment in infrastructure that we have made during 2011. This performance is the direct outcome of the following.
A clear vision of what we are building and an intense focus on the four objectives we set for ourselves this year and relentless execution while adapting our priorities to changing market conditions throughout the year. Scott Key, our President and COO and Rich Walker, our EVP and CFO would provide more details shortly.
As you know, we have four company objectives, colleagues' success, customer delight, profitable top and bottom line growth, and shareowner success relative to our peer group. Execution of these objectives drove solid results. The foundation of this performance is the engagement of our colleagues in the level of customer delight. During 2011, 97% of our colleagues participated in our annual engagement survey, providing us with a clear view of actions and experiences that most affect our commitment and performance at IHS.
Our colleague engagement score for 2011 was 59% and represents a recalibration of our baseline with a new third party survey firm that offers an excellent set of analytics and benchmarks as we move to a new level of excellence. We have achieved world class performance in a number of important areas including the value colleagues derive from their work and the freedom of flexibility they have in delivering value to our customers. Importantly, we saw best in class levels in impact that our colleagues are having with customers as a result of increased colleague collaboration at IHS in creating value.
Read the rest of this transcript for free on seekingalpha.com


text:
- Study at Deakin
- Life at Deakin
- Research
- Alumni
- Industry and community
- About Deakin
At this public lecture, Dr Richard Rabinowitz, President of American History Worskshop, will reflect on the experience of exploring Australia's museum culture, a process he has found most useful in making him aware of the distinctiveness of his own approach and that of his compatriots in the US. In this paper, he will ruminate on the differences between American and Australian museum cultures, focusing in particular on differences in national attitudes and practices in public history, pedagogy, institutional politics and financing. Key themes he will be addressing include:
Please join the Cultural Heritage Centre for Asia and the Pacific and the Alfred Deakin Research Institute for what should be a stimulating and informative discussion with contributions from local practitioners as well.
Date: Monday 5th May 2014
Time: 5.30-7pm
Location: Deakin City Centre, 550 Burke Street, Level 3.
RSVP: Professor Andrea Witcomb on firstname.lastname@example.com
Numbers are limited so please RSVP before Monday the 5th of May.
Back to the Alfred Deakin Research Institute website.


text:
Ruby Anniversary Cups
Serve hot or cold drinks with our Ruby Anniversary Cups.
These Ruby Anniversary Cups are a white cup with a bright red damask design imprinted on them. A package of 40th Anniversary Cups include eighteen 4 inch tall paper cups that will hold 9 ounces of your favorite hot or cold beverage.
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, please contact our Customer Service Department at (firstname.lastname@example.com or 1-800-314-8794).
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Chicago Rocks – Music Videos
On The Web:
Patrick Graduated from Columbia College Chicago with a degree in Product Design. He has been working freelance in Photography, Web Design and Graphic Design. You can see all of his portfolios on his website PatrickLothian.com. He was the lead designer for the Maybe Hip project.
In early 2009 he became one of the Co-Founders of Maybe Hip Internet Televsion along with Robby Silver and Lexi Scherr. He now hosts, OK Good Stuff, Your News, and Chicago Rocks as well as having guest spots in some of the Hip Shorts. Along with being a host he works behind the scenes helping with editing of the shows and any production needs.
Patrick would love to talk with anyone who is interested in what he is doing. Follow him on twitter or email him at firstname.lastname@example.com. He looks forward to hearing from you.


text:
Chris Diaz Advances to Final of Midwest ITA Summer Circuit Tournament
July 17, 2012
COLUMBUS, Ohio– Chris Diaz, a redshirt freshman on the Ohio State men's tennis team, advanced to the final of the Midwest ITA Summer Circuit Tournament in Kalamazoo, Mich. The event, hosted by Western Michigan University, is an open tournament where nearly 30,000 men and women have competed since its inception in 1993.
After receiving a first-round bye, Diaz handed Andrew McGlashen of Wisconsin Whitewater a 6-2, 6-3 loss. In the round of 16, Diaz, a Columbus native who attended Bishop Watterson, beat Doug Zade of Michigan State 6-1, 6-3. Up next, Diaz faced Doug Barnard of Notre Dame and won 6-3, 6-1. Diaz then faced back-to-back Big Ten opponents in Northwestern's Alexandru Pasareanu (7-6(0), 6-1) and Illinois' Tim Kopinski (6-1, 6-0) in the quarterfinals and semifinals, respectively. Diaz ran into No. 1 seed Greg Andrews of Notre Dame in the final and dropped a 7-5, 6-3 decision.
Diaz spent the 2011-12 season as a redshirt for the Buckeyes. While attending Bishop Watterson High School in Columbus, Diaz won three Ohio High School Athletic Association state titles in 2008, 2010 and 2011. As a freshman, he captured a Division I doubles championship with his brother Philip. The duo was runners-up in 2009. Diaz went undefeated during his junior and senior seasons to conclude his high school career as a two-time Division II singles champion. An All-Central Catholic League honoree, Diaz also was awarded team MVP honors.
About the ITA Summer Circuit
The ITA Summer Circuit is currently made up of eight regional circuits (East, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest, Central, Mountain, Texas and West) consisting of four consecutive open tournaments played during the month of July, leading up to the USTA/ITA National Summer Championships in Bloomington, Indiana in August.
2012 Midwest ITA Summer Circuit


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GO TO http://www.grimsbylabour.org.uk
see also www.grimsbycalling.uk
The Grimsby Labour Party has a long history and this site tells the story of the very early years centered round our first general election.
There are also the results here of Grimsby's general elections going back to the nineteenth century. There are results too for recent local elections.
This is not the official Grimsby Labour Party website. To see what is happening in the Grimsby Party and who is who, go to "www.grimsbylabour.org.uk"
Labour members celebrating the 65th birthday of the NHS


text:
1 College and Main Columbus, OH 43209-2394 614-236-6101
http://www.capital.edu firstname.lastname@example.com
About Capital University
- Year of Foundation 1830
- Size of Campus 48 Acres
- Type of Instituition Private institution
- Religious Orientation Lutheran
- Degrees Bachelor, Master
- Calendar Type Semester
- Undergraduate Population 2,862
- Women % / Men % / Out of state 62%, 38%, 5%
- App. Deadlines FAFSA
- Tuition Costs In / Out - State $27,680
- Room and Board $7,150
- Nonfall Registration Accepted
- Selectivity of the Intuition More selective
- Application Fee $25
- Enrollment No. 2,634
Reference: Capital University
We are a comprehensive, independent university grounded in the Lutheran tradition. The education we offer is experiential, intimate, and urban. From the arts and sciences to professional programs, our teachers excel at both challenging students and creating a personalized learning environment. We believe the intellect is best developed when it's exposed to education inside and far from the classroom. That's how we engage the community in the pursuit of lifelong learning. In short, Capital University prepares students to contribute to the world-through both their professional lives and personal service.
- American Classical League
- ASM Materials Education Foundation
- Denison University-1
- Denison University-2
- Hobart Institute Of Welding Technology
- International Executive Housekeepers Association Educational Foundation Inc-1
- International Executive Housekeepers Association Educational Foundation Inc-2
- International Society Of Explosives Engineers
- James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation-2
- National Dairy Shrine
Social Life And Activities
- Alcohol Policies Yes
- Number of frats 3
- Other general policies class attendance policies set by individual instructors, hazing prohibited
- Number of frat chapter houses 0
- Popular Event and Social Activities on Campus Wicked Wednesdays, M. L. K. Day of Learning, Kids' n Sibs Weekend, Homecoming, Greek Week, Spring Fest, Sande/Poro, Into the Streets
- Number of students in fraternities 3
- Percent students who are frat members 7%
- Number of honor societies Alpha Chi, Alpha Psi Omega, Beta Beta Beta, Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa Alpha, Phi Alpha Theta, Phi Alpha Upsilon, Phi Beta Delta, Phi Sigma Iota, Phi Delta Kappa, Pi Lambda Theta, Pi Sigma Alpha, Sigma Tau Delta, Psi Chi, Alpha Sigma Lambda, Pi Kappa Lambda
- Setting Urban
- Number of sororities 3
- On-campus religious organizations (Appears as submitted by school) Campus Congregation, Fish, Campus Crusade for Christ, Lutheran Student Movement, Catholic Student Organization, Koinonia Campus Congregation
- Other on-campus organizations N/A
- Percent students who are frat sororities 8%
- Number of on-campus international organizations (Appears as submitted by school) Ebony Brotherhood, American Asian Alliance, SAAAC, Sister Network, International Student Organization
- Distance to nearest airport Columbus, OH (5), Columbus, OH (15)
- Distance to nearest train Columbus, OH (5)
- Distance to nearest bus Columbus, OH (5)
- Public Transportation to the University Yes
- Car Permitted On Campus Yes
Student Housing
- Number of students using college housing 36%
- College campus housing availability Yes
- Percentage of housing units owned by the college that are triples 4%
- On and Off campus housing offered Yes
- College housing safety - Sprinkler system 0%
- Percentage of housing units owned by the college that are singles 4%
- Off and remote campus housing assistance available No
- Type of housing provided for students coed dorms, apartment for single students, other housing options
- Percentage of housing units owned by the college that are undefined N/A
- Number of housing and appartment units owned by the university 6
- Percentage of housing units owned by the college that are doubles 85%
- High speed or wireless internet in college housing 100%
- Percentage of housing units owned by the college that are apartments 7%
- College housing safety - Fire alarms 100%
Campus Services
- Number Of Wired Computers Available In The Library N/A
- Number Of Books in Library 191,145
- Basic Services Provided nonremedial tutoring, placement service, health service, health insurance
- Location Of Area With Wireless Support
- Student Email Accounts Yes
- Number Of Wired Computers Available In The Other Locations N/A
- Museums Schumacher Gallery
- Campus Safety 24-hour foot and vehicle patrols, late night transport/escort service, lighted pathways/sidewalks, student patrols, controlled dormitory access (key, security card, etc)
- Estimated Capacity Of Wireless Network
- Counseling Services minority student, career, military, personal, academic, older student, psychological, birth control, religious
- Online Course Registration Available Yes
- Number of Audiovisuals-cds,videos,dvds 5,960
- Number Of Subscriptions 6,705
- Wireless Network - Student wi-fi No
- Location Of Available Computers computer center/labs, residence halls, library, student center
- OS of Wifi Network Microsoft
- Library Facilities Blackmore Library, Law Library
- Number Of Wired Computers Available In Classrooms N/A
- Number of e-books 14,836
- Student Computer Availability No
- Tutoring and Remedial Help math, writing, study skills, other
- Library On Campus Yes
- Number Of Wired Computers Available In Campus Labs(est) N/A
- Number Of Microforms 147,744
- Computer Courses No
- Student Allowed To Post A Web Page Yes
- Internet Access Yes
Student Employment and Career
- Number of undergraduates (only) with employment 40%
- Airforce ROTC on campus? Offered at cooperating institution (Ohio State University)
- Does the school discourage student employment No
- Student Employment Fedral Work Study Program Available
- Employed Students after 1 year N/A
- Top Companies Selecting Students For Jobs N/A
- Employed Students after 6 Months 70%
- Army ROTC on campus? Offered on campus
- Employed Students after 2 years N/A
- The average earnings of employed undergrads 2,000
- Navy ROTC on campus? Not offered
- Career placment and training on-campus job interviews, internships, resume assistance, career/job search classes, interest inventory, interview training
Loan, Scholarship, Fellowship, Grant Page Details
- Specific Locations/Universities Metropolis


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[Edited by Danny350, 4/3/2014 5:44:19 PM]
Hoping to see a update soon, considering a new large update just got released
The update has been out how long now? Don't get me wrong, I'm eager for the new trainer myself, but give them a chance.
I'm out of town and cannot update trainers where the game changed heavily and requires a start from scratch. Don't expect a trainer update before Monday. As soon as I'm back at home I'll start working on it ASAP.
Greatly appreciated, 0x90, good to hear we'll be getting what we need. Here's hoping the frothing masses can restrain themselves long enough!


text: Wow I have been posting in the Road Cycling section for so long that I forgot how much fun Foo is. I have been laid up for the past week recovering from foot surgery and have found myself spending alot more time in BF than usual. In doing so I have found mysell in Foo more and more. God you guys and gals are a fun bunch. You keep my spirits up.


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Each year, hundreds of students come to New York Medical College from throughout the United States and around the world to acquire the education they need to excel in their careers as physicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals. These exceptional students come here because the College's tradition of excellence ensures that they will graduate with the knowledge, skills and ethical values they need to succeed in today's challenging healthcare environment.
When you invest in academic excellence, you help make our students' dreams of becoming first-rate healthcare professionals a reality. Your contribution helps to recruit and retain prominent faculty members, present prominent guest lecturers, enhance the curriculum, upgrade classroom facilities, invest in laboratory equipment and other technology, purchase library journals, and much more.
You can support academic excellence by contributing to the annual fund, enabling the College to direct your contribution to the areas of greatest need. These gifts are used to support and enhance student financial aid, research, library collections, facilities, and other vital areas of the College. You may also direct your gift to support an existing academic or scholarship endowment fund, or create an endowment fund of your own.
To make a gift today in support of academic excellence, click here.
For more information, please contact the Office of Development & Alumni Relations at firstname.lastname@example.com or call (914) 594-4550.


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Yamaha AFC Allows AVL to Design Appropriate Reverb Time for Finger Lakes Community CollegeTheater consultant, Seth Waltz, known as the "Yamaha AFC (Active Field Control) aficionado," was brought in to capture the pure acoustics of the newly created performing arts venue at the college 5/07/2013 10:39 AM Eastern
Yamaha AFC Allows AVL to Design Appropriate Reverb Time for Finger Lakes Community College
May 7, 2013 2:39 PM
Finger Lakes Community College (FLCC) in Canandaigua, N.Y., has a very active music program with classes ranging from classic and modern, to jazz ensemble and chamber wind ensemble, topped off by audio recording and sound reinforcement and live recording programs. Theater consultant, Seth Waltz at AVL Designs, in Penfield, N.Y., known throughout the upper New York area as the "Yamaha AFC (Active Field Control) aficionado," was brought in to capture the pure acoustics of the newly created performing arts venue at the college.
Along with designer Geoff Nichols who assisted with the Yamaha AFC and professional audio design and Stan Jordan charged with stage rigging and lighting (provided by BMI Supply of Queensbury, N.Y., the 400+ seat space, was designed by JMZ Architects and Plannners, P.C. of Glens Falls, N.Y., and engineered by M/E Engineering, P.C. of Rochester, N.Y. In addition to the AFC system, AV contractor, Platinum Sound & Communications of Victor, N.Y., under the direction of company V.P. Alan Clayton, installed the entirely new audio and video system.
"FLCC's new auditorium was designed for a very active music department, community and concert use, and theatrical productions," states Waltz. "Originally conceived as a recital hall, the venue grew in scope to become a full-fledged performing arts facility." A bit different from many community colleges, it has a distinguished recording arts program with staff including engineers with some very impressive resumes. "The staff was part of the reason Yamaha AFC was implemented, as they understood the capabilities of such as system," Waltz says.
Early discussions took place to use the AFC system for its overall reverberation capability, as well as being used as a stage shell system. The FLCC faculty visited a project site where AVL had previously installed an AFC system, and were very excited about having it installed in their new auditorium. "AFC allows us as designers to design for a reverberation time that is appropriate for theatrical use, lectures, and other lower RT60 needs," notes Waltz. "When chamber music, choral, orchestral, and other concerts are held, the AFC accommodates the required RT60 and tonal balance for those uses in a very transparent manner."
Active Field Control is a reverberation enhancement system that adjusts and enhances the acoustic characteristics of a facility while preserving the natural characteristics. This is achieved by creating feedback loops of microphones and speakers located in the reverberant field of the room to "recycle" the reverberant energy, thus extending the RT time. Yamaha AFC is used to create varying RT settings to suit different performance applications within the same facility. The system can be used to add spaciousness to under balcony or stage areas so all audience members and performers can enjoy the same sense of connection to the music and a greater shared experience. AFC systems can also be used to add early reflections or as crowd enhancements systems.
The AFC at FLCC also implements an early reflection voice lift system, which allows many public-speaking uses to be accomplished with no sound reinforcement required. It also supplies increased early reflection content when used in a musical setting with the reverberation side of the system.
"This particular Yamaha AFC system is a dual system with both a Reverb enhancement system and an Early Reflection system and a bit of combining of signals for the speakers on the stage for the performers—an excellent example of what can be done with AFC2," states Joe Rimstidt, Systems Design Engineer for Yamaha Commercial Audio Systems. The system configuration consists of one Yamaha AD8HR mic pre (eight microphones were used, four for the REV system and four for the ER system), five AFC2 processors; five XM4080, four XM4180 and four PC6501N Yamaha amps; 22 S8AFC speakers; 16 Yamaha IF2205 speakers and eight IS1112 subwoofers.
AVL also designed sound reinforcement, AV presentation systems, stage rigging, theatrical lighting, and a miscellaneous control system. Sound system components consist of Danley SH64i/SH95i main speakers, Danley TH112i sub woofers, DB Tech FM15 stage monitors, Ashly NE series processors, Lab Gruppen C series amplifiers, Sennheiser EM 300 wireless system, assorted mics: AKG C414; Beyer M88TG; Audix i5, D2, D4, SCX1-hc, F90; AT AT897; Shure SM58. The intercom system is by Theatre Projects.
Lighting system components include ETC Sensor Dimming, ETC S 4 Fixtures, Sea changer CMYK, ETC Ion Lighting Console, and ETC Vivid LED Fixtures. Stage rigging consists of motorized Vortek and JR Clancy J Guide counterweight systems. Platinum Sound & Communications also installed Crestron DM Control and distribution and a Christie Digital DHD800 HD DLP Projector and Digital L2K1000 for video projection.
"Upon final set up and demonstration, the music staff was very pleased with the result," adds Waltz.
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text:
"There is no single word I can use to describe my first year. I've been happy, stressed, frustrated, and tired, but this is the most fun I have had in quite some time!"
"One of my goals for this summer was to ensure that my students were involved in a top-notch research internship."
I'm not just learning about careers in science, I'm teaching about them too.
It is a good idea for early-career scientists to get more involved.
"Conducting research is like riding a bike--once you learn how to do it, you never really forget!"
For the next few months, I researched the biographies of all of the African Americans who had earned doctorates in chemistry at Ohio State.
"Many institutions put forth a lot of effort to recruit students but little to retain them."
"My PI's sabbatical departure gave me the opportunity to balance research, management, and administrative responsibilities."
"As an African-American scientist, this conference certainly made me realize that all underrepresented populations face similar issues."
"The influx of foreign students has driven down starting salaries so much that a career in physics or any other science and technology field is unattractive."
Enter keywords, locations or job types to start searching for your new science career
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text:
Miami String Quartet
Sunday, October 28, 2001,
- Terrace Theater
- $25.00
Please use the event calendar to search for current events.
Joseph Kalichstein, artistic director
The Miami String Quartet
Ivan Chan, violinist
Cathy Meng Robinson, violinist
Chauncey Patterson, violinist
Keith Robinson, cellist
The Miami String Quartet, internationally known for nuanced performances, has "proved themselves one of the best quartets in the country" (St. Paul Pioneer Press), with interpretations that are "beautiful, bold, and balanced" (Cleveland Plain Dealer). Winner of the coveted Cleveland Quartet Award, the Quartet brings "everything one wants in a quartet: rich, precisely balanced sound, a broad colorisitic palatte, real unity of interpretive purpose, and seemingly unflagged energy" (The New York Times).
BEETHOVEN - Quartet in D major, Op. 18, No. 3
GINASTERA - Quartet No. 1, Op. 20
SMETANA - Quartet No. 1 in E minor, "From My Life"
This event has already closed.
Please use the event calendar to search for current events.


text:
Teijin Introduces Eco-Friendly Products
Japan-based Teijin Ltd. has developed two new environmentally friendly products for use in apparel
and other applications.Athtoma® is a new polyester-based fabric that is water-resistant, moisture-
permeable and completely recyclable. Made completely of polyester and coated with a laminated film
or a special Teijin-developed resin that contains no polyurethane, the fabric can be recycled under
the companys Eco Circle® System, which collects used polyester products and recycles them into
textiles for a variety of uses. Both film-coated and resin-coated fabrics incorporate the Schole®
IV water-repellent finish that remains effective even after repeated washing. Athtoma is suitable
for use in sportswear, uniforms and other apparel.Loele is a new leather material having a
composite fiber and polyure-thane structure that approximates the structure of natural leather more
closely than previous materials. In its manufacture, a fine-structured, high-density nonwoven
fabric is impregnated with a moisture-dispersing, quickly solidifying polyurethane that does not
require the use of organic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF). The resulting material is
suitable for shoes, furniture sheeting, automobile finishings, bags and other uses.
November 2000


text:
Originally posted by Hongli Li: is it wasting memory?
Originally posted by Jaikiran Pai: Whenever you create a SessionFactory, it parses all the configuration files(hbm or the cfg file) which is an expensive process. Repeatedly doing this will degrade the performance of the application.
Originally posted by Jim Baker: I think Hibernate caches the hibernate.cfg.xml information. It is only parsed once when creating the first SessionFactory object. When you call Hibernate Session.close() method, does this implies the JDBC call Connection.close()?
Originally posted by Jim Baker: When you call Hibernate Session.close() method, does this implies the JDBC call Connection.close()?
Originally posted by Jim Baker: Memory is cheap.
Originally posted by Stevi Deter: A consideration in this specific question about Singleton vs. multiple Hibernate SessionFactories is that your second level cache is tied to a particular SessionFactory instance. So in addition to the overhead you're generating with constantly tearing up and tearing down your SessionFactory, you're losing the ability to cache data across transactions, and increasing your cost for lookups for your entire application. ...
Originally posted by Stevi Deter: Without knowing your specific requirements, it's hard to say. I'd start with reviewing Java Persistence with Hibernate. Looks like they recommend JBoss Cache as a general solution for a clustered caching system, but it definitely depends on your overall requirements.


text:
You can find here some users comments about the missed call number 8479799537. If there are no entries about the phone number 8479799537 than you can post your own experiences and set the call type. Feel free to comment that phone number.
Who calls from 8479799537?
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Nobody has been commenting this call number so be first!


text:
Knights Announce Front Office ChangesNovember 30, 2012 - International League (IL) - Charlotte Knights Press Release
"We are extremely excited to add Scott to our team as we build the Knights for the future," stated Rajkowski. "Scott has a tremendous track record in baseball and we look forward to him leading our staff and franchise."
A native of Baltimore, MD, Brown joined Myrtle Beach in March of 2010. Before his time with the Pelicans, he spent five years as the General Manager of the Double-A Binghamton Mets. During his tenure as Binghamton's GM, the Mets featured both the second-largest season attendance in team history (2007) and the second-best five-year composite attendance in team history, trailing only the club's initial five seasons in the mid-1990s.
In 2005, Brown was named as both the Eastern League Executive of the Year and the New York Mets Minor League Executive of the Year. He also won Mets Minor League honors after the 2007 season. The 2013 season will mark the 32nd season of working in professional baseball for Brown at both the major and minor league levels.
"I'm extremely honored to join one of the premier franchises in Minor League Baseball in one of America's most vibrant metropolitan areas," said Brown. "The Knights have assembled a top notch front office team that will grow as we commemorate the final season at Knights Stadium and transition into the gorgeous new BB&T Ballpark. We all look forward to bringing the best in family affordable entertainment to the Queen City for many years to come."
Rajkowski recently completed his seventh season with the Knights and 27th overall in professional baseball. Under his guidance over two million fans have passed through the gates of Knights Stadium. He has also played a very influential role in moving the Knights from Fort Mill, SC to Charlotte, NC, which will take place after the 2013 season.
In his new role, Rajkowski will focus his efforts on the concentration of BB&T Ballpark and all facets leading up to the opening in 2014.
Rajkowski has operated clubs at all classifications of Minor League Baseball and has been honored with numerous awards over his career. He was named the Southern League's Executive of the Year in 1997. In 2000, he was the recipient of the highly coveted Larry McPhail Promotional Award for Minor League Baseball and was elected to the Knoxville Sports Hall of Fame. One year later, he received the Bobby Mattick Award for dedication and excellence in the field of player development while he was with the Toronto Blue Jays organization.
The Charlotte Knights are the Triple-A affiliate of the Chicago White Sox. 2013 Season Tickets are currently available by calling the Charlotte Knights at 704-357-8071 ext. 2106. Knights Baseball. Tradition Never Ends.
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International League Stories from November 30, 2012
- Knights Announce Front Office Changes - Charlotte Knights
- 2013 Single Game Tickets Available in December Presale - Louisville Bats
The opinions expressed in this release are those of the organization issuing it, and do not necessarily reflect the thoughts or opinions of OurSports Central or its staff.


text:
- Filed Under
Waupun softball tournament: The Laconia softball team won two of the three games they played Saturday, defeating Waupun 11-1 and Winneconne 3-2, but lost 9-2 to Oakfield.
Nikki Guell pitched all three games for the Oaks, and picked up two wins. In the win over Waupun, she pitched six innings and allowed only one run off six hits while striking out eight. The Spartans scored four runs in the fifth and three more in the sixth to cut the game to six innigs.
In the win over Winneconne, Guell only allowed two runs on seven hits with 10 strikeouts. Despite three hits, the Spartans had timely hitting and ...


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The Hacker Who Stole Half-Life 2 Is 'Very Sorry'
In 2003, Axel Gembe got his hands on the game everybody wanted, Valve's Half-Life 2. He hacked into the developer's network and swiped the game's source code—which eventually wound up on the internet. These days, Gembe says he's "very sorry" about that. »


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November 28, 2015
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (September 26, 2012)--Loretta Lynn is celebrating 50 years as a Grand Ole Opry member and she had some help at the Opry House from Miranda Lambert and her Pistol Annies, Lynn's sister Crystal Gayle, Lee Ann Womack and Trace Adkins along with a standing room only crowd.
Lambert teared up remembering her first conversation with Lynn.
The show marked the first performance on the Opry for the Pistol Annies.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Christine Ottery is a freelance journalist based in the UK who writes on ecology, health, science in the arts, and neuroscience. Clients include the Guardian, New Scientist and Scientific American. http://christineottery.tumblr.com/
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Infographic of the Day
Infographic: Kickstarter Dominates Indie Innovation
Kickstarters now dwarf the budget of the National Endowment for the Arts. But still, less than half of all projects are funded.
Like YouTube, Facebook, or blogging platforms, it's almost hard to believe there was an Internet without Kickstarter, which may be the greatest testament to its success. In 2009, the site generated about $23 million for its projects—an impressive figure by all accounts—but in 2012, Kickstarter pulled in roughly 10 times that, leapfrogging the grant budget of the National Endowment for the Arts. You can find all those facts and many more in this masterful infographic created for Fast Company by Catalogtree and reported by Skylar Bergl, Jeffrey Cattel, and Lindsey Kratochwill:
Of course, Kickstarter is selling the Internet what it wants—and that accounts for a lot more than documentaries and ballet recitals. Video games are its fastest growing category, and gadgets (called "design" here) make up roughly ⅓ of the site's revenue. From Fast Company's April feature on Kickstarter:
You green-light yourself—the idea that creative people don't need intermediaries—has long been one of the Internet's great promises, and Kickstarter appears to finally deliver on it. Film is its largest category, but the company's impact has been felt across the media landscape. Last year, a midlist singer-songwriter named Amanda Palmer raised $1.2 million to make an album, which debuted at No. 10 on the Billboard 200. The site is already by some counts the second-largest publisher of graphic novels, and it regularly pays six-figure advances to unheralded authors and illustrators. Video games is one of its fastest-growing segments. Last spring, Double Fine, a San Francisco video-game developer, launched a campaign as a kind of marketing stunt and wound up raising $3.3 million. 'The walls of the citadel of big media are coming down,' says a triumphant Tim Schafer, Double Fine's CEO.
But over the past two years, success stories haven't just been limited to artsy types. In April 2012, a small team of hardware hackers posted plans for an elegant digital watch, the Pebble, that syncs with the wearer's smartphone. Their goal was to raise $100,000 and sell around 1,000 watches. They raised $10 million instead, from backers who preordered the gadget. The success sparked a rash of imitators: Ouya, an open-source video-game console that raised $8.6 million; Lifx, a fancy LED lightbulb that raised $1.3 million; Elevation, an aluminum iPhone dock that raised $1.5 million. Though Kickstarter does not keep track of dollars pledged to hardware projects—perhaps to discourage interest in the category—a quick scan of the company's publicly available data suggests that as much as $90 million has been raised to fund gadgets, which would make the category as important to Kickstarter as film.
Interestingly enough, while Kickstarter may be pulling in hundreds of millions of dollars thanks to 86 million unique visitors in 2012, the overall percentage of successful projects remains unchanged since 2009, which still hovers around 45%. You can't help but wonder if that's largely by design, that it's some sweet spot of project density to get the maximum dollars out of funders (after all, if every project were funded, there would be little incentive to invest in any project).
While I piece together my conspiracy theories with newspaper clippings and string, take a look at the full Fast Company feature. You'll learn a lot about a company that we've all come to see as indispensable.
Add New Comment
2 Comments
Maybe more Kickstarter projects would get funded if more startups would follow through. I've helped kickstart two different projects, both of which were supposed to deliver in November, and neither have yet. Still getting lots of encouraging update emails... but it's gotten me a bit less excited about the model.
Kick Starter vs. The Government graphic is extremely misleading. You are not counting the state and local government (or additional funds that these leverage). Also, please provide sources. This is a great example of good graphics, bad data interpretation.


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How to Plant Marigolds
Marigolds are a great plant because they're easy to care for and are a natural pest repellent for your garden. They are also available in a variety of colors, hybrids and the natural kind.
Method 1 of 2: In a pot
1Select a suitable pot. The size depends on how many you're planting. If you're planting one, you won't need that big of a pot, but if you're planting 800 than yes you will need a big pot.Ad
2Fill the pot with dirt or potting soil. Try to put in good soil, but they do grow in sand. Keep that in mind if you don't have good soil.
3Grab your seeds, either in a bag from your local drugstore or from last years plant/plants. Then with a broken stick or pencil, push it in till you can't see the wood part.
4Cover with dirt/ soil.
5Repeat steps 3 and 4 till you are done planting, then water.Ad
Method 2 of 2: In ground
1Prep your soil by rotating or loosening and removing weeds to a depth of at least 4 inches (10.2 cm).
2Make a shallow trench (1 inch deep V) to plant the seeds in.
3Place the seeds approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart.
4Cover with dirt.
5Water gently with a sprinkler or soaking hose.
Give us 3 minutes of knowledge!
- Fertilize with slow release fertilizer early in the season and once again mid way through the season.
- Try not to use mulch, it attracts termites
Things You'll Need
- seeds
- pot
- dirt
- water
Article Info
Categories: Growing Flowers
In other languages:
Español: plantar caléndulas
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