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>Sonora / Tuolumne News, Sports, & Weather, Angels Camp, Twain Harte, Jamestown | Union Democrat
The Sonora Police Department reported the following:
8:24 a.m., theft — A catalytic converter was stolen from a vehicle on the 400 block of Greenley Road.
11:17 a.m., traffic violations — A 31-year-old man was cited on suspicion of driving with a suspended license, no proof of insurance and a defective windshield or rear window.
1:20 p.m., traffic violations — A 60-year-old woman was cited on suspicion of driving with a suspended license and no proof of insurance.
2:56 p.m., theft — A purse was stolen from a vehicle on the 1100 block of Sanguinetti Road.
5:20 p.m., assault — A woman was assaulted by her neighbor on the 400 block of Greenley Road but did not want to press charges.
The Sheriff's Office reported the following:
9:52 a.m., Jamestown — Someone tried to spend a counterfeit $100 bill at a business on the 18300 block of Highway 108. A deputy located a suspect who denied the bill was fake.
10:07 a.m., Sonora area — Puppies were stolen on the 11900 block of Appey Way.
11 a.m., Soulsbyville — Someone tried to break into a miner shed on the 19500 block of Soulsbyville Road. Entry was made into the shed but nothing was inside.
12:14 p.m., Twain Harte — A house was burglarized on the 18500 block of Woodwardia Road.
5:41 p.m., Sonora area — Someone hit a bank of mailboxes with a car on the 20400 block of Phoenix Lake Road.
6:54 p.m., Sonora area — A woman said her neighbor's son scratched her vehicle while riding his scooter.
7:39 p.m., Jamestown — A 30-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of public intoxication on the 18200 block of Main Street.
Cited on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs:
10:05 p.m., Columbia — Kenneth Ray Wivell, 75, of the 12400 block of Big Hill Road, was booked after an arrest at Highway 49 and Parrotts Ferry Road.
8:24 a.m., Valley Springs — Someone was arrested on a warrant on Cedar Street.
9:52 a.m., Valley Springs — A dog in the back of a vehicle on the 100 block of Highway 26 bit someone in the face. No medical response was requested.
9:55 a.m., San Andreas — Jewelry was stolen from a purse on the 200 block of California Street.
11:51 a.m., San Andreas — A possible poisoning was reported on Howell Road.
2:56 p.m., San Andreas — Reckless driving was reported at Calaveras High School.
3:13 p.m., Valley Springs — A Toyon Middle School student was in possession of contraband.
4:51 p.m., Copperopolis — Kids were throwing rocks at cars at Copper Cove Drive and O'Byrnes Ferry Road.
5:41 p.m., Valley Springs — A possible drunk driver was reported at Highway 12 and Toyon Circle.
5:45 p.m., Valley Springs — A car was spinning around in circles on Hoffman Court.
1:06 a.m., Copperopolis — Battery was reported on Signal Hill Trail.
Felony bookings
9:30 p.m., Angels Camp — Joseph Adam Alvitre, 26, of an unknown address on North High Street, Sonora, was booked on suspicion possession of drugs, possession of narcotics, possession of drugs for sale, transporting drugs and possession of stolen property after an arrest at South Main and Monte Verde streets.
9:30 p.m., Angels Camp — John Robert Blackwell III, 26, of the 17800 block of West Sonora Street, Stockton, was booked on suspicion of possession of drugs, possession of narcotics, possession of drugs for sale, transporting drugs and vehicle theft after an arrest at South Main and Monte Verde streets.
The Union Democrat is now online in a Replica E-edition form and publishes Tuesday through Saturday. E-Edition or Print Plus subscribers have full access.
If you are not a current subscriber, subscribe today for immediate access. Circulation: 209-533-3614
Weekly Arts and entertainment guide for Calaveras and Tuolumne counties
Available online every Friday or get it early in Thursday's print edition.


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Five years is a long time. The days and nights spent designing and building the first ON3Ps in a Tacoma garage seem like a distant memory. Since then, ON3P has experienced lots of highs, lots of lows, and more growth than we ever thought possible. Regardless, the principles that were the catalyst for our beginning have never changed: build the best skis possible. Period. Today, ON3P is staffed by a small crew of skiers with that foremost principle in mind. None of us were business majors, nor are we just some marketing team, and we don't outsource production. At ON3P, we are proud to craft a product we can rightfully call our own.
ON3P Billy Goat$999.00
ON3P Caylor$979.00
ON3P Cease & Desist$1,099.00
ON3P Jeffery$929.00
ON3P Jeronimo$849.00
ON3P Vicik$929.00

subset: commoncrawl


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50 Cool Jewelry Storage Ideas
Those of you who already have organized your makeup probably want to organize your jewelry too. We already showed you a bunch of cool DIY jewelry organizers but we want to provide with even more ideas. Here are these cool jewelry storage ideas.
- November 24, 2011
- Mike
- 20 comments
More about


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Browse GoColumbiaMo.com Skip top Navigation. Translate this page
Contact: Tammy Miller, 874-7465, email@example.com
Join GetAbout Columbia and the Office of Cultural Affairs in celebration of Bike, Walk and Wheel Week and public art.
Chris Stevens from the Office of Cultural Affairs will lead a 60-minute walking tour of public art, highlighting Percent for Art projects as well as select locations where participants can view "knit bombing" and graffiti art. The walk will take place starting at 6 p.m. on Monday, May 13. Participants should meet at the Marathoners sculpture at Flat Branch Park, 101 S. 4th St.
Additional information on the City of Columbia's Percent for Art program can be found on the City's website at www.gocolumbiamo.com. Art projects were initiated by a range of businesses, individuals, organizations and agencies, each with a different mission but all sharing the common view that art enriches our city. By highlighting these important cultural resources, participants can learn about our city and our history - all while enjoying a walk around the "block".
For more information, call Parks and Recreation at 874-7460. A detailed schedule of all Bike, Walk, and Wheel Week events is located online at www.gocolumbiamo.com/parksandrec/.
Funding for GetAbout Columbia is provided by the Federal Highway Administration's Non-Motorized Transportation Program.


text: Cobre Consolidated is back to school starting today for grades one through seven and also ninth grade. Students in grades eight, 10, 11 and 12 return to school Wednesday. Cobre Consolidated was hoping to open Bayard Elementary School in time for the first day of classes, but the building's reconstruction is not finished, school officials report. For the time being, students attending Bayard Elementary School will have to return to Snell Middle School, which has made room for the elementary kids during the reconstruction period. When Bayard Elementary is able to reopen, the nearly completely refurbished school will have a new library in the center of the building.


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Jennifer and Alexi Chapin-Smith are married at the Washtenaw County Clerk's Office in Ann Arbor on Saturday.
- Filed Under
The nearly 300 same-sex Michigan couples who got married last weekend will face a longer wait to learn whether their vows will be legally valid.
The 6th Circuit Court of Appeals on Tuesday extended a stay on last week's ruling by U.S. District Court Judge Bernard Friedman that struck down the Michigan's ban on same-sex marriage.
The 2-1 ruling, issued late Tuesday afternoon, means the case will have to make its way through the appellate court, and likely the U.S. Supreme Court, before the couples know whether their marriages will be legally recognized. ...


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Published on December 27th,2010 at 5:19 PM
By >Akihabara News Team
By >Akihabara News Team
MSI Announces Two New Radeon Graphics Cards
Category: Gaming - Tags: Amd, Cayman Pro, Cayman XT, Gpu, graphics, HD 6950, HD6970, Msi, R6950-2PM2D1G D5, R6970-2PM2D1G D5, Radeon
MSI's new high-performance graphics cards, the R6950-2PM2D1G D5 and R6970-2PM2D1G D5, with AMD's new Radeon HD 6950 Cayman Pro and 6970 cayman XT GPUs respectively. These cards have Mini DisplayPort, HDMI, and DVi interfaces, and can output to a maximum of four 2560×1600 monitors using ATI Eyefinity technology.
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- - MSI Launches Wind12 U230… a Light Notebook. (November 4th,2009 at 11:37 AM)
- - MSI Will Ship its X600 Series and X340 Premium in Japan Next Week (September 7th,2009 at 3:57 PM)
- - DosPara's New AMD Phenom II X4 Desktop (September 7th,2009 at 2:10 PM)
- - Japan Probe – News from Japan (Subscribe)


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Cylindrical bag of sawdust from Tutankhamun's embalming cache, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, reign of Tutankhamun, ca. 1336–1327 b.c.
Egypt, Upper Egypt; Thebes, embalming cache of Tutankhamun (Tomb KV 54), Valley of the Kings, Davis/Ayrton 1907
Linen, decomposed wood material (sawdust); folded into two parallel rolls: L. 39.7 cm, W. 8.7 cm, H. 3.7 cm; as one long tube: L. ca. 75 cm, W. 4.5 cm wide, H. 3.7 cm
Gift of Joseph Veach Noble, 1988 (1988.437.1)


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Pregnancy is an exciting time for mothers; however, finding fashionable maternity clothes can leave you feeling frustrated. Don't worry it is possible to find maternity clothes that are fashionable and comfortable so that you can sport your baby bump in style. Find items that you can mix and match so that you can have a variety of outfits to wear.
There are so many styles to choose from and today's maternity clothes are comfortable to wear with your growing belly. I hand selected a few items that I thought were cute and wanted to share them with you. I hope that you enjoy the products that I selected and remember if you don't see your size, click the item you like and see if they have it in your size.
Disclosure: I do earn a small commission for any products sold.
Maternity Tops
Here are some cute maternity tops that you can mix and match with leggings, skirts, or jeans. If you don't see your size listed in the photos below. Click through to the product and you can find it in your size.
Maternity Jeans
Here are some trendy and fashionable maternity jeans. Mix and match jeans with your favorite shirt.
Maternity Slacks
These maternity slacks are great for dressing up. They are fashionable and great for mothers who have to wear business clothes at work.
What was your favorite maternity outfit?


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Banana Factory Mosaic Tile Mural
The multiple mosaic tile murals adorning the Banana Factory, a community arts center and gallery in SouthSide Bethlehem, were completed in 1997 by a youth program called BananaWORKS. The beautiful fish was actually the first art project done by BananaWORKS. The program pairs inner city teens with a local Banana Factory artist to create community works of art. The murals can be seen on the exterior of the Banana Factory. Banana Factory Bethlehem


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The Girl Next Door Website LaunchedGoon
We have been following Moderncine's adaptation of Jack Ketchums very brutal story The Girl Next Door. I am currently in the process of reading the book myself and I can tell you that this will make one hell of a movie. The director on the project is Gregory M. Wilson and although he doesn't have any background in horror I think he is perfect for this type of film. He will be able to make the characters real and focus on the story rather than all the brutality.
Today the website for the film has opened up and it has some cool stuff to check out including some behind the scenes photos. Still no word on what the plan is for the film but hopefully it will be moving along quickly very soon. You can check out the newly launched website right here.


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Emily A. Hay is the founder of Hay There Social Media and TweetTeam.com™, startup businesses that deliver social media marketing services to a variety of consumer-focused clients. She is also the co-creator of "Saving Face for Parents and Schools," an online video program helping parents and educators coach tweens to become smart digital citizens.
Emily is a public speaker and is the social media contributor to the Internet Advisor show on WJR 760 AM in Detroit. She was named one of "30 in their 30s" by dbusiness magazine and one of "52 Empowering Women of 2013" by the WooHoo Radio Network. Emily serves on the Challenge Detroit Board and as a core volunteer member for Founder Friday Detroit by Women 2.0. You can follow her on twitter @emilyahay.


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MSO captures excitement of rarely performed Beethoven works
In the culinary world it's quite the event to plan a meal around a single delicacy, for instance a white truffle meal.
In the music world, it's a similar treat to plan a meal around a musical delicacy, for instance some of the infrequently performed symphonies of Beethoven. »Read Full Article
10 champion — or otherwise cute — cats from the regional cat show
Over 200 cats competed this weekend in Waukesha at the Great Lakes Regional Pedigreed & Household Pet Cat Show. Here are some local and out-of-state title-bearing competitors.
1) When Teddy isn't being flopped upside-down by his owner and best friend, he's also No. 1 Ragdoll Alter and No. 13 Allbreed Alter in the world. »Read Full Article(4)
'Enter the Dragon,' 'Space Odyssey' booked for Film Festival
The Milwaukee Film Festival will screen two hall-of-fame candidates this fall as part of its Cinema Hooligante lineup of genre films.
MFF will show Bruce Lee's kung-fu fightin' classic, "Enter the Dragon" (1973) and Stanley Kubrick's sci-fi masterpiece "2001: A Space Odyssey" as part of its late-night showcase, otherwise devoted to "raunchy, gory, scary, fun, bizarre and possibly offensive midnight, cult and genre films," the festival tastefully boasts. »Read Full Article(1)
On Tap Today: The zany adventures of artist Billy X. Curmano
Cows deserve more art shows.


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Jimbo Fisher holds the crystal ball aloft during Saturday's National Championship celebration. Thousands of Seminole fans turned out on a picture perfect day to finally welcome their beloved football team back home, nearly a month after their dramatic victory over Auburn for the National Championship. Nearly one third of Doak Campbell Stadium was filled with screaming fans on Saturday, February 1, 2014.
- Filed Under
With highly anticipated visits from Florida, Notre Dame and Clemson, Florida State officials have known for months that season tickets for the 2014 home schedule would be in high demand.
A national championship and a returning Heisman Trophy winner have kicked those sales into overdrive.
With the season opener still more than six months away, FSU already has sold about 8,000 new season tickets for the coming season. Of that, nearly 7,000 are additional seats reserved by returning season-ticket holders; about 1,100 were purchased through new accounts, according to Jack Chatham, FSU's ...


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Wednesday, November 25, 2009
© Copyright 2015 Albany Herald
The death of Uga VII, Georgia's beloved mascot, has brought about extended grieving for those who are attached to the nation's oldest chartered state university. But it goes beyond that. People who love animals -- especially the legion of dog lovers -- are grieving along with those who wave the red and black.
We hardly got to know the latest Uga. He was only four years old when he became a heart attack victim the week of Georgia's final home game. There was not sufficient time to learn about his idiosyncrasies. No time to learn what his personality was like. His life was akin to a sudden summer thunderstorm. As quickly as it comes on the scene, it departs.
Nonetheless, the outpouring of grief was just like it was for all of his forebears. University of Georgia partisans love their mascot with an affection that is often granted to people.
How many dogs do you know that are given full-blown funerals? All of the Ugas are eulogized with the greatest of respect and sympathy. Ministers make remarks.
University presidents pay tribute to Uga as they would to a distinguished alumnus. That was the way it was a week ago when Uga VII (nicknamed, "Loran's Best," after your's truly) was interred at the Dawg cemetery at the west end of Sanford Stadium, just a few paces from the famous hedges.
Leading a Bulldog's life begins with his domicile in Savannah. Life with Sonny and Cecelia Seiler is one in which Uga has unchallenged priority. Uga sleeps in air-conditioned comfort, eats the best diet and has no required function. Everybody caters to him. Whatever Uga wants, Uga gets. It has been that way since 1956 when former athletic director Wallace Butts invited Sonny and Cecelia to use their all-white, male English bulldog as the school's official mascot.
Think of all the mascots in college football -- in a real sense. Only a few can truly function as pets, mainly because so many mascots are either ferocious animals (Tigers, Lions, Wildcats, Wolverines, Bears, Badgers), placid types -- which fans approach with trepidation, nonetheless (Steers and Buffaloes) -- or imaginary characters (Blue Devils, Sun Devils, Demon Deacons).
Uga is a mascot that the world loves to love. Bulldogs are lovable and friendly. Even little kids warm up to Uga for hugs and kisses. No other mascot can claim greater feeling and rapport with its fan base than Uga. Would you want to hug the Michigan Wolverine? The California Bear? The LSU Tiger? The Kentucky Wildcat? The Wisconsin Badger? Could you imagine the Florida Gator being on the field? Could you see the cheerleaders leading Albert and Alberta out for kickoff? Do you think Urban Meyer would go swimming with either one of them?
When you travel to other parts of the country and people learn you are affiliated with the Bulldogs, the thing most college fans are intrigued by is the fact that Georgia buries its mascots inside the stadium.
"To my knowledge, we are the only school to do that," Sonny says.
It was Joel Eaves, former athletic director, who began the tradition of interring the Ugas in Sanford Stadium.
"When Uga I died," Sonny began, "we had planned to bury him in our back yard in Savannah, but coach Eaves called and asked if we would like to bury him in Sanford Stadium. We thought that was really a nice gesture, and that is how it all began. Our family is appreciative and sentimental about that tradition."
Soon there will be Uga VIII and a new season. And with it will come a renewal of hopes for Georgia fans.
Loran Smith is affiliated with the University of Georgia and can be reached via email at: email@example.com
More like this story
- Bulldogs, fans honor Uga VII ( November 21, 2009 )
- LORAN SMITH: Cecelia Seiler was the ultimate host ( September 9, 2014 )
- Georgia holds funeral for Uga VIII ( February 5, 2011 )
- Seiler to sign book at mall ( November 27, 2011 )
- Georgia mascot Uga VIII passes ( February 4, 2011 )


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By Healthy Back Store
Over the years buying a mattress has become a major investment. There is the cost associated with a new bed purchase, but also the important personal cost of selecting the right mattress for each individuals needs.
By Matthew Fallon
Victoria Linen introduce TENCEL material into their mattress protector. A material that is not only water repellant and anti allergenic, but also breathable allowing air to pass through and keeping you cool at night.
By newsusa
A mid-afternoon slump doesn't have to be the norm. Covering up nighttime background noises during the night with sleep machines can help you get a better night's sleep.
By Sabina Gault
Producer of All-Natural Baby And Children's Pillows Makes This Important Move For Toddlers Healthy And Enjoyable
By sarah james
Its beautiful country park setting and close proximity to London are proving a winning combination at Persimmon Homes' Woodlands Park development in Bedford, with sales soaring so much in recent months that only six properties remain.
By Freedom Press
New Book "Sleep Safe in a Toxic World" Recommends Organic Options
By Home Furnishings UK Limited
A new look customer friendly website with loads of offers including free next day delivery and 5% off your order.
By Carine El Dana
Provence furniture now available at Farra Design Center. Large space dedicated to all Provence Furniture lovers. You can now find all types of furniture, linen as well as art de la table.
By JMX International
DutchCrafters.com, the largest Amish furniture internet retailer has now added Eco-Friendly Mattresses that are made right here in the U.S.A and Free Shipping is included!
By The MasivDeal Team
Today's Deal from MasivDeal: Carriage Canopy Twin Size Bed 45% OFF & FREE SHIPPING
By The Bed and Breakfast Club
The Bed and Breakfast Club, formerly The Bulldog Club, has launched its new website www.thebedandbreakfastclub.co.uk. It's fresh, easy to navigate and fully search engine optimised.
By springbedbagus[dot]com
Sleeping is our daily activities which we always do. So, it's important to keep our sleep quality. Many years, people use foam for sleep. But in ten years before, people thought how to improve mattress and until now, we known spring bed.
By USBedBugs.com
Sponsoring Educational Workshops and Providing Information on Controlling Bed Bugs
By Katy Wilson
Heady Bed pumps up the volume on comfort, color & luxury just in time for holiday hosting and cold-weather hibernating.
By Katy Wilson
With Heady Bed panels you create your own high-end upholstered headboard to reflect your unique personality & style.
By Howard Schwartz -Communications Director
Business owners, homeowners and apartment dwellers must move quickly once they discover bedbugs. Getting rid of them is a job best handled by professionals.
By Lulu and Nat
Lulu and Nat are proud to present the long awaited collection of cot bed duvet sets for Autumn. The Autumnal line of luxurious linens is now in stock and available to buy online.
By Faux Leather Bed PR
FauxLeatherBed.org.uk, a family run company which has over 20 years of experience in manufacturing faux leather furniture, is proud to present their online store which they hope will compliment their 3 stores based in the UK.
By Entomological Society of America
Entomology 2010, the 58th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, will feature a full day of bed bug presentations by the nation's leading bed bug experts. The meeting will take place in San Diego, California, December 12-15, 2010.
By Canopy Bedroom Sets
If you're thinking of purchasing beautiful, high quality canopy bedroom sets...but want to do a little bit of research first before going ahead and placing your order, simply head over to...
By Entomological Society of America
Monograph of Cimicidae, the definitive resource on bed bugs, has been reprinted by the Entomological Society of America (ESA).
By Lulu & Nat
Lulu and Nat are pleased to announce the launch of their latest collection of luxurious hand crafted cot bed duvet sets for customers who desire children's bed linen that is pretty yet practical.
By DOWNLITE
Great Grades Start with a Great Night's Sleep on Quality Bedding
By Parnian Furniture
Parnian Furniture, an Arizona based furniture manufacturer and creator of the World's Most Expensive Desk, has now unveiled the World's Most Expensive Bed in its Scottsdale showroom. Price range from $38K to $210K
65% of US Baby Boomers Unhappy with Comfort & Support of their Mattress Says New Sleep Studio Survey
By Steinreich Communications
Mattress Toppers Emerge as the New "Must Have" for the Nation's Sandwiched Generation
By KidBed.co.uk
KidBed.co.uk, is proud to present their special new selection of exclusive kids beds and furniture. Create a fun and stimulating enviroment that your child can play, sleep and grow up in.
By Lee Ritchie
Today LeatherBedFrames.org.uk announces their exclusive collection of white leather bed. Stylish, classy and affordable, this new range perfectly combines contempoary design with comfortable living.
By Lee Ritchie
One of Britain's leading bed retailers LeatherBedFrames.org.uk has signalled today that customers are becoming increasingly sensitive to cost, with sales of faux leather beds increasing whilst sales of genuine leather beds continue to fall.
By Lee Ritchie
The Ritchie family is today celebrating as they launch their online presence, LeatherBedFrames.org.uk. Initially this website will be used to feature their exclusive and non exclusive leather bed frames.
By Greater Stellenbosch 2010
Whatever your travel preferences or budget, there's the perfect Cape Winelands accommodation for you in Stellenbosch.
By Bryan Cochran
The Pet Crib, the leading online source for upscale dog and cat products, features Bowsers - Fold 'N Go Travel Bed as its showcased item of the week.
By Ken Hall
A massive rosewood rococo ¾ tester plantation bed, crafted around 1850 by P. Mallard, soared to $40,320 at the sale of the contents of the magnificent Bella Vida mansion in Aberdeen, Miss., held May 1 by Stevens Auction Company of Aberdeen.
By ATS Mobility
Finally an attractive and functional desk that can be used in the bed or anywhere.
By Best Price Furniture Outlet
Best Price Furniture Outlet is having a huge in-store sale. Bedroom and living room sets are greatly reduced in price
By The Bed and Breakfast Club
The Bulldog Club rebrands to The Bed and Breakfast Club, providing the finest accommodation in hand-picked private homes.
By Daily Kibble
Daily Kibble to Give Away Fine Art Inspired Dog Bed worth $995
Celebrating 175 Years of Nantucket Freedom at the Century House -175th anniversary of the inn and th
By Century House Nantucket
The 16-room Century House celebrates twice this year. First, it is the only inn on Nantucket that celebrates 175 years of continuous operation, as the oldest guesthouse on the island.
By Brandon Hopkins
New bamboo sheet product line is unique to the market because it offers 100% bamboo sheets at affordable prices, something the bamboo sheet industry has been trying to accomplish for many years.
By Westgate Communications
Chili Technology will be showcasing their new ChiliBed® at the 2010 Winter Las Vegas Market, February 1-5, 2010 at the World Market Center Las Vegas.The 100% Soy foam mattress allows consumers to heat and cool their bed from 48-118 degrees F
By Secret Agent PR
A natural extension of their popular organic collections, Amenity Home, an LA-based design studio, is proud to introduce their first collection of bedroom furniture made locally and re-invented as something quintessentially Californian.
By Fast Market Research
Recently published research from Datamonitor, "Homewares in North America", is now available at Fast Market Research
By Fast Market Research
Recently published research from Datamonitor, "Furniture & Floor Coverings in North America", is now available at Fast Market Research
By Click 4 Beds
Click 4 Beds is enhancing its January bed sale promotions with Free Delivery, a saving of up to an additional £30 on top of the existing 45% discount covering all brand name beds, mattresses and bedroom furniture.
By Mattress Warehouse
Mattress Warehouse will be attending the NBC-4 Health & Fitness Expo on Saturday and Sunday, January 16-17, 2010, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
By Fast Market Research
Recently published research from Datamonitor, "Furniture & Floor Coverings in the United States", is now available at Fast Market Research
By Click 4 Beds
To celebrate its first anniversary, Click 4 Beds, a UK based bedroom furniture retailer are slashing up to 45% off the RRP of brand name beds and mattresses plus freezing VAT until February in our first ever January bed sale.
By Fast Market Research
Fast Market Research recommends "Homewares in the United States" from Datamonitor, now available
By Cannock Beds
As we hit a cold-snap, it's important to keep warm in bed during the night. As we enter the Winter Sale, with up to 65% off selected designer beds, here are Cannock Beds' top tips:
By Mattress 24
It's tempting to curl up in a ball to stay warm on your mattress during the cold Christmas, but a bad bed posture could really affect your sleep.
By Matthew McLain
(St. Louis, Missouri) Ready, Set, Bloom, LLC. has released a custom-designed bed tent for children with developmental delays or other special needs. The Nickel Bed Tent was created to encourage children to stay in their beds and
Page updated every 10 minutes


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Blood disease, any disease of the blood, involving the red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), or platelets (thrombocytes) or the tissues in which these elements are formed—the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen—or of bleeding and blood clotting.
Long before the nature and composition of blood were known, a variety of symptoms were attributed to disordered blood. Red blood cells were not recognized until the 17th century, and it was another 100 years before one of the types of white blood cells, the lymphocyte, and the clotting of blood (coagulation) were described. In the 19th century other forms of leukocytes were discovered, and a number of diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs were distinguished. Morphological changes—the changes in form and structure—that take place in the blood during disease and the signs and symptoms of the various blood diseases were described in the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century. In the years that followed, a more physiological approach began to develop, concerned with the mechanisms underlying the development of blood disease and with the ways in which abnormalities might be corrected.
Certain features of the physical examination are especially important in the diagnosis of blood disease. These include noting the presence or absence of pallor or, the opposite, an excess of colour; jaundice, red tongue, and enlargement of the heart, liver, spleen, or lymph nodes; small purple spots or larger bruises on the skin; and tenderness of the bones.
Since the blood circulates throughout the body and carries nutritive substances as well as waste products, examination of it can be important in detecting the presence of disease. Examination of the blood may be considered in two categories: the analysis of the plasma (the noncellular portion of blood) and the study of the blood cells. Examination of the plasma includes measurement of plasma proteins, blood sugar (glucose), salts (electrolytes), lipids, enzymes, urea, and various hormones. Such measurements also are useful in the identification of diseases that are not classified as blood diseases—e.g., diabetes, kidney disease, and thyroid disease. Special studies of plasma or its components can be carried out to determine the status of blood clotting. Laboratory studies of blood cells particularly valuable in diagnosis of disease include (1) determination of the number and characteristics of red cells (i.e., the existence of anemia or polycythemia), (2) study of the number and proportions of types of white cells, and (3) enumeration of the blood platelets and a study of the blood-clotting process. Microscopic inspection of films of blood dried on glass slides and stained with aniline dyes allows observation of variations in the size and colour and other abnormalities of individual red cells and also permits examination of the white cells and platelets. It is sometimes necessary to examine bone marrow or a lymph node microscopically, and X-ray examinations may be necessary for the detection of organ or lymph node enlargement or bone abnormalities. More-unusual cases may require further examinations—e.g., special serological (serum-related) or biochemical procedures or various measurements using radioactive isotopes to outline an organ or quantitate blood volume.
Disorders affecting red blood cells
The quantity of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in normal persons varies with age and sex as well as with external conditions, primarily atmospheric pressure. At sea level an average man has 5.4 million red cells per cubic millimetre of blood. From the physiological standpoint, it is the quantity of hemoglobin in the blood that is important because this iron-containing protein is required for the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Red cells carry an average of 16 grams of hemoglobin per 100 millilitres of blood. If such blood is centrifuged so that the red cells are packed in a special tube known as the hematocrit, they are found on the average to occupy 47 percent of the volume of the blood. In the average woman the normal figures are lower than this (red cell count 4.8 million; hemoglobin 14 grams; volume of packed red cells 42 percent). In the newborn infant these values are higher but decrease in the course of the first several weeks of postnatal life to levels below those of the normal woman; thereafter they rise gradually. The differences in male and female blood begin to appear at about the time of puberty.
Red cells are formed within the marrow cavities of the central bones of the adult skeleton (skull, spine, ribs, breastbone, pelvic bones). In a healthy person, red cell production (erythropoiesis) is so well adjusted to red cell destruction that the levels of red cells and hemoglobin remain constant. The rate of production of red cells by the bone marrow normally is controlled by a physiological feedback mechanism analogous to the thermostatic control of temperature in a room. The mechanism is triggered by a reduction of oxygen in the tissues (hypoxia) and operates through the action of the hormone erythropoietin in the formation of which the kidney plays an important role. Erythropoietin is released and stimulates further erythropoiesis. When oxygen needs are satisfied, erythropoietin production is reduced and red cell production diminishes.
In disease, as well as in certain situations in which physiological adjustments take place, the quantity of hemoglobin may be reduced below normal levels, a condition known as anemia, or may be increased above normal, leading to polycythemia (also called erythrocytosis).
In anemia the blood is capable of carrying only a reduced amount of oxygen to tissues, a condition that stimulates the lungs to increase the respiratory rate in order to pick up more oxygen and the heart to increase its rate in order to increase the volume of blood delivered to the tissues. Anemia results when (1) the production of red cells and hemoglobin lags behind the normal rate of their destruction, (2) excessive destruction exceeds production, or (3) blood loss occurs. The bone marrow normally is capable of increasing production of red cells as much as sixfold to eightfold through an increased rate of development from their primitive precursors. Anemia ensues when the normal fine balance between production, destruction, and physiological loss is upset and erythropoiesis has not been accelerated to a degree sufficient to reestablish normal blood values. The bone marrow responds to increased destruction of red cells by increasing the rate of their production.
Anemia varies in severity, and the tolerance of different persons for anemia varies greatly, depending in part upon the rate at which it has developed. When anemia has developed gradually, affected persons may endure severe grades of anemia with few or no symptoms, whereas rapidly developing anemia causes severe symptoms; if sufficiently severe and rapid in development, anemia can be fatal. The most noticeable symptom of anemia is usually pallor of the skin, mucous membranes, and nail beds. Persons whose anemia is due to increased destruction of red cells appear to be slightly jaundiced.
Failure of production of red cells may be caused by deficiency of certain essential materials, such as iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12. It may be due to other causes, such as the presence of certain types of disease—e.g., infection; damage of the bone marrow by ionizing radiation or by drugs or other chemical agents; or anatomical alterations in the bone marrow, as by leukemia or tumour metastases (migration of tumour cells to the marrow from distant sites of origin). Accelerated destruction of red cells may occur for any one of a large variety of causes (see the section Hemolytic anemias). Finally, blood loss may result from trauma or may be associated with a variety of diseases.
Anemias are classified on morphological grounds. Macrocytic anemia, in which the average size of circulating red cells is larger than normal, results from impaired production of red cells—e.g., when vitamin B12 or folic acid is lacking. In other circumstances—for example, when there is a deficiency of iron—the circulating red cells are smaller than normal and poorly filled with hemoglobin; this is called hypochromic microcytic anemia. In still other cases of anemia, there is no significant alteration in the size, shape, or coloration of the red cells, a condition called normocytic anemia.
Diagnosis of the type of anemia is based on the patient history and physical examination, which may reveal an underlying cause, and on examination of the blood. The latter includes measurement of the degree of anemia and microscopic study of the red cells. If the number of red cells, the hemoglobin concentration of the blood, and the volume of packed red cells are known, the mean volume and hemoglobin content can be calculated. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) normally is 82 to 92 cubic micrometres, and about one-third of this is hemoglobin (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, or MCHC, normally is 32 to 36 percent). If determined accurately, the MCV and the MCHC are useful indexes of the nature of an anemia. Accurate diagnosis is essential before treatment is attempted because, just as the causes differ widely, the treatment of anemia differs from one patient to another. Indiscriminate treatment by the use of hematinics (drugs that stimulate production of red cells or hemoglobin) can be dangerous.
Megaloblastic anemias
Megaloblastic anemia, the production in the bone marrow of abnormal nucleated red cells known as megaloblasts, develops as the result of dietary deficiency of, faulty absorption of, or increased demands for vitamin B12 or folic acid. When such a vitamin deficiency occurs, bone marrow activity is seriously impaired; marrow cells proliferate but do not mature properly, and erythropoiesis becomes largely ineffective. Anemia develops, the number of young red cells (reticulocytes) is reduced, and even the numbers of granulocytes (white cells that contain granules in the cellular substance outside the nucleus) and platelets are decreased. The mature red cells that are formed from megaloblasts are larger than normal, resulting in a macrocytic anemia. The impaired and ineffective erythropoiesis is associated with accelerated destruction of the red cells, thereby providing the features of a hemolytic anemia (caused by the destruction of red cells at a rate substantially greater than normal).
Vitamin B12 is a red, cobalt-containing vitamin that is found in animal foods and is important in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). A deficiency of vitamin B12 leads to disordered production of DNA and hence to the impaired production of red cells. Unlike other vitamins, it is formed not by higher plants but only by certain bacteria and molds and in the rumen (first stomach chamber) of sheep and cattle, provided that traces of cobalt are present in their fodder. In humans, vitamin B12 must be obtained passively, by eating food of an animal source. Furthermore, this vitamin is not absorbed efficiently from the human intestinal tract unless a certain secretion of the stomach, intrinsic factor, is available to bind with vitamin B12.
The most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency is pernicious anemia, a condition mostly affecting elderly persons. In this disorder the stomach does not secrete intrinsic factor, perhaps as the result of an immune process consisting of the production of antibodies directed against the stomach lining. The tendency to form such antibodies may be hereditary. Patients with pernicious anemia are given monthly injections of vitamin B12. Oral treatment with the vitamin is possible but inefficient because absorption is poor.
Other forms of vitamin B12 deficiency are rare. They are seen in complete vegetarians (vegans) whose diets lack vitamin B12, in persons whose stomachs have been completely removed and so lack a source of intrinsic factor, in those who are infected with the fish tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum or have intestinal cul-de-sacs or partial obstructions where competition by the tapeworms or by bacteria for vitamin B12 deprives the host, and in persons with primary intestinal diseases that affect the absorptive capacity of the small intestine (ileum). In these conditions, additional nutritional deficiencies, such as of folic acid and iron, are also likely to develop.
Blood changes similar to those occurring in vitamin B12 deficiency result from deficiency of folic acid. Folic acid (folate) is a vitamin found in leafy vegetables, but it is also synthesized by certain intestinal bacteria. Deficiency usually is the result of a highly defective diet or of chronic intestinal malabsorption as mentioned above. Pregnancy greatly increases the need for this vitamin. There is also an increased demand in cases of chronic accelerated production of red cells. This type of deficiency also has been observed in some patients receiving anticonvulsant drugs, and there is some evidence that absorption of the vitamin may be impaired in these cases. Often several factors affecting supply and demand of the vitamin play a role in producing folic acid deficiency. Unless folic acid deficiency is complicated by the presence of intestinal or liver disease, its treatment rarely requires more than the institution of a normal diet. In any event the oral administration of folic acid relieves the megaloblastic anemia. Some effect can be demonstrated even in pernicious anemia, but this treatment is not safe because the nervous system is not protected against the effects of vitamin B12 deficiency, and serious damage to the nervous system may occur unless vitamin B12 is given.
In addition to the above conditions, megaloblastic anemia may arise in still other situations. Selective vitamin B12 malabsorption may be the consequence of a hereditary defect. Deranged metabolism may play a role in some instances of megaloblastic anemia that accompany pregnancy. Metabolic antagonism is thought to be the mechanism underlying the megaloblastic anemia associated with the use of certain anticonvulsant drugs and some drugs employed in the treatment of leukemia and other forms of cancer. In fact, one of the earliest drugs used to treat leukemia was a folic acid antagonist.AD!!!!
Normocytic normochromic anemias
Forms of anemia in which the average size and hemoglobin content of the red blood cells are within normal limits are called normocytic normochromic anemias. Usually microscopic examination of the red cells shows them to be much like normal cells. In other cases there may be marked variations in size and shape, but these are such as to equalize one another, thus resulting in normal average values. The normocytic anemias are a miscellaneous group, by no means as homogeneous as the megaloblastic anemias.
Anemia caused by the sudden loss of blood is necessarily normocytic at first, since the cells that remain in the circulation are normal. The blood loss stimulates increased production, and the young cells that enter the blood in response are larger than those already present in the blood. If the young cells are present in sufficient number, the anemia temporarily becomes macrocytic (but not megaloblastic). Treatment of anemia caused by sudden blood loss includes transfusion.
A common form of anemia is that occurring in association with various chronic infections and in a variety of chronic systemic diseases. As a rule the anemia is not severe, although the anemia associated with chronic renal insufficiency (defective functioning of the kidneys) may be extremely so. Most normocytic anemias appear to be the result of impaired production of red cells, and in renal failure there is a deficiency of erythropoietin, the factor in the body that normally stimulates red cell production. In these states, the life span of the red cell in the circulation may be slightly shortened, but the cause of the anemia is failure of red cell production. The anemia associated with chronic disorders is characterized by abnormally low levels of iron in the plasma and excessive quantities in the reticuloendothelial cells (cells whose function is ingestion and destruction of other cells and of foreign particles) of the bone marrow. Successful treatment depends on eliminating or relieving the underlying disorder.
The mild anemias associated with deficiencies of anterior pituitary, thyroid, adrenocortical, or testicular hormones usually are normocytic. As in the case of anemia associated with chronic infections or various systemic diseases, the symptoms usually are those of the underlying condition, although sometimes anemia may be the most prominent sign. Unless complicated by deficiencies of vitamin B12 or iron, these anemias are cured by appropriate treatment with the deficient hormone.
Invasion of bone marrow by cancer cells carried by the bloodstream, if sufficiently great, is accompanied by anemia, usually normocytic in type but associated with abnormalities of both red and white cells. It is thought that such anemia is due to impaired production of red cells through mechanical interference. Whether this is true or not, a characteristic sign in the peripheral blood is the appearance of many irregularities in the size and shape of the red cells and of nucleated red cells; these young cells normally never leave the bone marrow but appear when the structure of the marrow is distorted by invading cells.
In aplastic anemia the normally red marrow becomes fatty and yellow and fails to form enough of its three cellular products—red cells, white cells, and platelets. Anemia with few or no reticulocytes, reduced levels of the types of white cells formed in the bone marrow (granulocytes), and reduced platelets in the blood are characteristic of this condition. Manifestations of aplastic anemia are related to these deficiencies and include weakness, increased susceptibility to infections, and bleeding. In some cases the onset of aplastic anemia has been found to have been preceded by exposure to such organic chemicals as benzol, insecticides, or a variety of drugs, especially the antibiotic chloramphenicol. While it is well established that certain agents may produce aplastic anemia, most persons exposed to these agents do not develop the disease, and most persons with aplastic anemia have no clear history of exposure to such agents. There are other agents that produce aplastic anemia in a predictable way. These include some of the chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia, as well as radiation treatment for these diseases. Because of this fact, blood counts are frequently checked and doses of drugs or radiation are modified in patients being treated. Withdrawal of medication is followed by recovery of the bone marrow in such cases. On the other hand, in those patients who develop aplastic anemia as a result of exposure to other toxic agents, cessation of exposure may not result in recovery of the marrow, or at best the marrow may be indolent and incomplete.
Treatment of aplastic anemia is a twofold process. First, complications of the disease must be treated: infection calls for vigorous treatment with antibiotics; symptoms due to anemia call for red cell transfusions; bleeding calls for platelet transfusions. Second, efforts should be directed toward inducing bone marrow recovery. Based on the hypothesis that one of the mechanisms of production of the aplastic anemia is autoimmunity, medication to suppress the immune response, such as the administration of antithymocyte globulin, is occasionally successful. An important and effective treatment is transplantation of bone marrow from a normal, compatible donor, usually a sibling. This treatment is limited by the availability of compatible donors and also by the fact that the recipient is increasingly prone to serious complications with advancing age.
Hypochromic microcytic anemias
Hypochromic microcytic anemias, characterized by the presence in the circulating blood of red cells that are smaller than normal and poorly filled with hemoglobin, fall into two main categories. The first is a result of a deficiency of iron, and the second is a result of impaired production of hemoglobin; in either case there is an inadequate amount of the final product in the red cell.
Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia throughout the world. Iron is required for hemoglobin formation; if the supply is insufficient to produce normal quantities of hemoglobin, the bone marrow ultimately is forced to produce cells that are smaller than normal and poorly filled with hemoglobin. Iron is derived from the diet and absorbed in the intestinal tract. Once in the body, it is retained and used over and over again, only minimal amounts being lost through shedding of cells from the skin and the exposed membranes and, in the female, through normal menstruation. In the adult the body content is approximately 3.7 grams of iron, of which more than half is hemoglobin. In the male there is virtually no further need for iron. Deficiency results if the dietary supplies of iron are insufficient to meet the needs; if absorption is faulty, as in malabsorption disorders; or if blood loss is occurring. Common causes of iron deficiency are excessive menstrual loss in women and bleeding peptic ulcer in men. Iron deficiency is common in infancy and childhood because demands are great for the ever-expanding pool of circulating hemoglobin in the growing body, and in pregnancy when the fetus must be supplied with iron. Hookworm infestation is a common cause of iron deficiency where conditions for the worm are favourable, because the intestinal blood loss caused by the myriad of worms attached to the wall is great.
Persons with iron-deficiency anemia are pale but not jaundiced. The deficiency of iron-containing enzymes in the tissues, if sufficiently great, results in a smooth tongue; brittle, flattened fingernails; and lustreless hair. Under the name of chlorosis, this type of anemia was mentioned in popular literature and depicted in paintings, especially those of the Dutch masters, until the 20th century. Although it is not necessarily less common now, there is no doubt that it is less severe in Europe and North America than it once was. The only treatment required is oral administration of iron salts in some palatable form, such as ferrous sulfate.
Small red blood cells poorly filled with hemoglobin are characteristic of a hereditary disorder of hemoglobin formation, thalassemia, that is common among Mediterranean peoples and is discussed below. With the exception of iron deficiency and thalassemia, hypochromic microcytic anemia is rare. It is seen in anemia responsive to vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), where the anemia probably results from a metabolic fault in the synthesis of the heme portion of hemoglobin. Sideroblastic anemia, characterized by the presence in the bone marrow of nucleated red blood cells, the nucleus of which is surrounded by a ring of iron granules (ringed sideroblasts) and by a proportion of small, pale red cells in the blood, is of unknown cause and difficult to treat.AD!!!!
Hemolytic anemias
Destruction of red cells at a rate substantially greater than normal, if not compensated for by accelerated red cell production, causes hemolytic anemia. Increased red cell destruction is recognized by demonstrating increased quantities of the pigmentary products of their destruction, such as bilirubin and urobilinogen, in the blood plasma, urine, and feces and by evidence of accelerated erythropoiesis, such as an increase in the number of young cells (reticulocytes) in the blood. When blood cell destruction is extremely rapid or occurs in the blood vessels, free hemoglobin is found in the urine (hemoglobinuria). Treatment varies with the cause of the hemolytic anemia.
There are two principal causes of hemolytic anemia: (1) inherently defective red cells and (2) an environment hostile to red cells. Abnormalities within the red cell are usually congenital and hereditary. They are exemplified by diseases in which the cell membrane is weakened, cell metabolism is defective, or hemoglobin is abnormal.
Hereditary spherocytosis is the most common disease involving the red cell membrane. It is characterized by the presence of red cells that appear small, stain densely for hemoglobin, and look nearly spherical. Such cells are mechanically fragile and readily swell up and burst in dilute salt solution. In the body they break up when deprived of free access to plasma glucose. The abnormality is aggravated by a tendency for the cells to remain longer than usual in the spleen because of their spheroidal shape. The corpuscular defect may appear if it is inherited from either parent (it is caused by a dominant gene). The anemia varies in severity. It may be so mild as to pass unnoticed for years, but it may suddenly become severe—e.g., when an incidental respiratory infection briefly suppresses the accelerated production of red cells necessary to meet the constantly increased rate of their destruction. Parvovirus is known to cause this transient cessation of erythropoiesis, and the development of severe anemia under these circumstances is termed aplastic crisis. Removal of the spleen, which always is enlarged, cures the anemia by eliminating the site of sequestration and destruction of the red blood cells but does not prevent hereditary transmission of the disease.
Red cells metabolize glucose by breaking it down to lactic acid either via an anaerobic (oxygenless) pathway or by oxidation through a pathway called the pentose phosphate pathway. The anaerobic pathway, the main route of metabolism, provides energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Deficiencies of enzymes such as pyruvate kinase in this pathway shorten red cell survival times because energy-requiring activities within the red cell are curtailed. Deficiencies of enzymes in the anaerobic pathway are generally relevant only when they are homozygous (i.e., when the deficiency is inherited from each parent on an autosomal chromosome and is therefore expressed). Abnormalities also have been discovered in the alternative process of glucose metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway. Deficiency of the first enzyme in the pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), is rather common. This deficiency results in destruction of red cells (hemolysis). G-6-PD deficiency occurs in 10 to 14 percent of African Americans; the defect is harmless unless the person is exposed to certain drugs, such as certain antimalarial compounds (e.g., primaquine) and sulfonamides. The full effect of the deficiency is rarely observed in females because the gene is sex-linked (i.e., carried on the X chromosome), and only rarely do both X chromosomes carry the abnormal gene. Males, on the other hand, have only one X chromosome and thus only one gene available, and therefore the deficiency is fully expressed if it is inherited on the X chromosome from the mother. Another variety of G-6-PD deficiency is especially frequent in persons of Mediterranean descent.
Hemolytic anemia can also result as the consequence of an environment hostile to the red cell. Certain chemical agents destroy red cells whenever sufficient amounts are given (e.g., phenylhydrazine); others are harmful only to persons whose red cells are sensitive to the action of the agent. A number of toxic drugs are oxidants or are transformed into oxidizing substances in the body. Injury may be accidental, as with moth ball (naphthalene) ingestion in children, or it may be the undesirable effect of a drug used therapeutically. Individual sensitivity is of several kinds. Certain patients are susceptible to oxidant drugs such as antimalarial compounds mentioned above. This is attributable to a sex-linked, inherited deficiency of the enzyme G-6-PD. In other instances, sensitivity is on an immunologic basis (e.g., hemolytic anemia caused by administration of penicillin or quinidine). The anemia develops rapidly over a few days and may be fatal without transfusions.
A long-recognized type of hemolytic anemia is that associated with the transfusion of incompatible red cells. Antibodies to the substances alpha- and beta-isoagglutinin, which occur naturally in the blood, destroy the donor red cells when incompatible blood is given by transfusion. Besides the best-known blood groups—A, B, and O—there are other groups to which a person may develop antibodies that will cause transfusion reactions. The rhesus (Rh) and Kell groups are examples. In erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn), the destruction of fetal blood by that of the mother may be due to Rh or ABO incompatibility. The events that take place are, first, the passage of incompatible red cells from the fetus into the circulation of the mother through a break in the placental blood vessels, then development of antibodies in the mother, and, finally, passage of these antibodies into the fetus, with consequent hemolysis, anemia, and jaundice.
A form of hemolytic anemia that is relatively common depends on the formation of antibodies within the patient's body against his own red cells (autoimmune hemolytic anemia). This may occur in association with the presence of certain diseases, but it is often seen without other illness. Trapping of the red cells by the spleen is thought to depend on the fact that, when brought into contact with reticuloendothelial cells, red cells coated with incomplete (nonhemolytic) antibody adhere, become spherical, are ingested (phagocytosed), and break down.
Such anemias may be severe but often can be controlled by the administration of adrenocorticosteroids (which interfere with the destructive process) and treatment of the underlying disease, if one is present. In a number of instances, splenectomy—removal of the spleen—is necessary and is usually partially or wholly effective in relieving the anemia. The effectiveness of splenectomy is attributed to the removal of the organ in which red cells, coated with antibody, are selectively trapped and destroyed.
Other varieties of hemolytic anemia include that associated with mechanical trauma, such as that produced by the impact of red cells on artificial heart valves, excessive heat, and infectious agents (e.g., the organism causing malaria).
Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies
Hemoglobin is composed of a porphyrin compound (heme) and globin. Normal adult hemoglobin (Hb A) consists of globin containing two pairs of polypeptide chains, alpha (α) and beta (β). A minor fraction of normal adult hemoglobin consists of Hb A2, which contains α- and delta- (δ-) chains. A different hemoglobin (Hb F) is present in fetal life and possesses a pair of the same α-chains as does Hb A, but the second set contains gamma- (γ-) chains. In normal hemoglobin the order in which the amino acids follow one another in the polypeptide chain is always exactly the same. Abnormalities in the globin chains can lead to disease.
In thalassemia it is thought that a primary genetic mutation results in reduction in the rate at which α-, β-, or δ-chains are manufactured, the chains being otherwise normal. The relative deficiency of one pair of chains and the resultant imbalance of chain pairs result in ineffective production of red blood cells, deficient hemoglobin production, microcytosis (small cells), and destruction of red cells (hemolysis). In sickle cell anemia and in other abnormalities of hemoglobin (hemoglobinopathy), the substitution of one amino acid for another at a particular site in the chain is the underlying cause. The substitution of valyl for glutamyl in the sixth position of the β-chain, for example, results in the formation of Hb S (the hemoglobin of sickle cell disease) instead of Hb A. This variant hemoglobin is inherited as a Mendelian recessive trait. Thus, if only one parent transmits the gene for Hb S, the offspring inherits the trait but is harmed relatively little; the red cells contain more Hb A than Hb S. If the trait is inherited from both parents, the predominant hemoglobin in the red cell is Hb S; the serious and sometimes fatal disease sickle cell anemia is the consequence.
Since the first characterization of the nature of Hb S by American chemist Linus Pauling and his associates in 1949, more than 100 variant hemoglobins have been identified. Fortunately, most variant hemoglobins are not sufficiently affected to alter their function, and therefore no observable illness occurs.
Sickle cell anemia (see figure) occurs almost exclusively in people of African descent. At least 8 percent of black Americans carry the sickle cell trait. The actual disease is less common (about 1 in 500 black Americans). In this condition most of the red cells in a sample of fresh blood look normally shaped—discoidal—until deprived of oxygen, when the characteristic sickle- or crescent-shaped forms with threadlike extremities appear. Reexposure to oxygen causes immediate reversion to the discoidal form. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by severe chronic anemia punctuated by painful crises, the latter due to blockage of the capillary beds in various organs by masses of sickled red cells. This gives rise to fever and episodic pains in the chest, abdomen, or joints that are difficult to distinguish from the effects of other diseases. While the many complications of the disease can be treated and pain relieved, there is no treatment to reverse or prevent the actual sickling process.
Thalassemia (Greek: "sea blood") is so called because it was first discovered among peoples around the Mediterranean Sea, among whom its incidence is high. The thalassemias are another group of inherited disorders in which one or more of the polypeptide chains of globin are synthesized defectively. Thalassemia now is known also to be common in Thailand and elsewhere in the Far East. The red cells in this condition are unusually flat with central staining areas and for this reason have been called target cells. In the mild form of the disease, thalassemia minor, there is usually only slight or no anemia, and life expectancy is normal. Thalassemia major (Cooley anemia) is characterized by severe anemia, enlargement of the spleen, and body deformities associated with expansion of the bone marrow. The latter presumably represents a response to the need for greatly accelerated red cell production by genetically defective red cell precursors, which are relatively ineffective in producing mature red cells. Anemia is so severe that transfusions are often necessary; however, they are of only temporary value and lead to excessive iron in the tissues once the transfused red cells break down. The enlarged spleen may further aggravate the anemia by pooling and trapping the circulating red cells. Splenectomy may partially relieve the anemia but does not cure the disease.
The defect in thalassemia may involve the β-chains of globin (β-thalassemia), the α-chains (α-thalassemia), the δ-chains (δ-thalassemia), or both δ- and β-chain synthesis. In the last (δ-β-thalassemia), Hb F concentrations usually are considerably elevated since the number of β-chains available to combine with α-chains is limited and γ-chain synthesis is not impaired. Beta-thalassemia comprises the majority of all thalassemias. A number of genetic mechanisms account for impaired production of β-chains, all of which result in inadequate supplies of messenger RNA (mRNA) available for proper synthesis of the β-chain at the ribosome. In some cases no mRNA is produced. Most defects have to do with production and processing of the RNA from the β-gene; in α-thalassemia, by contrast, the gene itself is deleted. There are normally two pairs of α-genes, and the severity of the anemia is determined by the number deleted. Since all normal hemoglobins contain α-chains, there is no increase in Hb F or Hb A1. The extra non-α-chains may combine into tetramers to form β4 (hemoglobin H) or γ4 (hemoglobin Bart). These tetramers are ineffective in delivering oxygen and are unstable. Inheritance of deficiency of a pair of genes from both parents results in intrauterine fetal death or severe disease of the newborn.
In most forms of hemoglobin abnormality, only a single amino acid substitution occurs, but there may be combinations of hemoglobin abnormalities, or a hemoglobin abnormality may be inherited from one parent and thalassemia from the other. Thus, sickle-thalassemia and Hb E-thalassemia are relatively common.
A malfunction of the abnormal hemoglobin may result in erythrocythemia, or overproduction of red cells. In these cases there is increased oxygen affinity, limiting proper delivery of oxygen to tissues and thereby stimulating the bone marrow to increase red cell production. In other cases the iron in heme may exist in the oxidized, or ferric (Fe3+), state and thus cannot combine with oxygen to carry it to tissues. This results in a bluish colour of the skin and mucous membranes (cyanosis). The abnormality in the globin molecule that accounts for this is usually in an area of the molecule called the heme pocket, which normally protects the iron against oxidation, despite the fact that oxygen is being carried at this site.AD!!!!
Polycythemia (erythrocytosis) is a condition characterized by an increase above normal in the number of red cells in the circulating blood, usually accompanied by an increase in the quantity of hemoglobin and in the volume of packed red cells. The increase may be either an actual rise in the total quantity of red cells in the circulation, or it may be the result of a loss of blood plasma and thus a relative increase in the concentration of red cells in the circulating blood (relative polycythemia). The latter may be the consequence of abnormally lowered fluid intake or of marked loss of body fluid, such as occurs in persistent vomiting, severe diarrhea, or copious sweating or when water is caused to shift from the circulation into the tissue.
Polycythemia occurs in response to some known stimulus for the production of red cells. This is in contrast to a disease called polycythemia vera, in which an increased amount of red cells are produced without a known cause. In polycythemia vera there is usually an increase in other blood elements as well.
Polycythemia is a response by the body to an increased demand for oxygen. It occurs when hemoglobin is not able to pick up large amounts of oxygen from the lungs (i.e., when it is not "saturated"). This may result from decreased atmospheric pressure, as at high altitudes, or from impaired pulmonary ventilation. The sustained increase in red cells in persons who reside permanently at high altitudes is a direct result of the diminished oxygen pressure in the environment. Chronic pulmonary disease (e.g., emphysema—abnormal distension of the lungs with air) may produce chronic hypoxemia (reduced oxygen tension in the blood) and lead to polycythemia. Extreme obesity also may severely impair pulmonary ventilation and thereby cause polycythemia (pickwickian syndrome).
Congenital heart disorders that permit shunting of blood from its normal path through the pulmonary circuit, thereby preventing adequate aeration of the blood, can also cause polycythemia, as can a defect in the circulating hemoglobin. The latter defect may be congenital because of an enzymatic or a hemoglobin abnormality, as mentioned above; or it may be acquired as the result of the excessive use of coal tar derivatives, such as phenacetin, which convert hemoglobin to pigments incapable of carrying oxygen (methemoglobin, sulfhemoglobin). Lastly, polycythemia can develop in the presence of certain types of tumours and as the result of the action of adrenocortical secretions. Treatment of polycythemia due to any of these causes involves the correction or alleviation of the primary abnormality.
In polycythemia vera the number of red cells and often also the numbers of white cells and platelets are increased, and the spleen usually is enlarged. In this disease the stem cell precursor of the bone marrow cells produces excessive progeny. Persons with polycythemia vera have an exceptionally ruddy complexion and may have headaches, dizziness, a feeling of fullness, and other symptoms. Because of the excessive quantities of red cells, the blood is usually thick, and its flow is retarded; it sometimes clots in the blood vessels (thrombosis) of the heart, the brain, or the extremities with serious consequences. One of the simplest methods of treatment is to remove the blood, one pint at a time, from a vein until the cellular level approaches normal and the symptoms disappear. Occasionally it may be necessary to use drugs or radiation therapy, in the form of radioactive phosphorus, to restrain the overactivity of the marrow cells. These treatments must be avoided when possible, however, because of their potential complications.


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Hey guys! Not too positive about the relevance of this question to Server Fault, but I'll let you guys poke around at it anyway. :)
I'm trying to figure out what an accepted ratio of endpoints to concurrent calls on the "average" office PBX. I'm defining concurrent calls as any call being placed, including internal calls. I'm not going to be considering call centers into this ratio, I'll be looking at those differently, anyway.
To give you guys a little history behind the question: I need this ratio to be able to figure out decent specs for a virtual PBX service I'm going to be rolling out within the upcoming months. The ratio will determine the number of trunks needed per PBX system.
-- Logan


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value judgment
: a personal opinion about how good or bad someone or something is
Full Definition of VALUE JUDGMENT
: a judgment assigning a value (as good or bad) to something
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Examples of VALUE JUDGMENT
- I am not making value judgments, I am simply presenting the facts.
- <lexicographers do not make value judgments about words when deciding whether they should be entered in the dictionary>
First Known Use of VALUE JUDGMENT
Related to VALUE JUDGMENT
- Synonyms
- appraisal, appraisement, assessment, estimate, evaluation, fix, judgment (or judgement), estimation
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You are always welcome on Audiko.net! It's easy to download a free Randy Houser ringtones for your iPhone or mobile. Scope out your favorite segment from your favorite music - Whistlin' Dixie, Goodnight Kiss, My Kinda Country, or any other track. Then download the prepared Randy Houser ringtones to your iPhone, and enjoy Country music by Randy Houser every time your phone rings. If you prefer Country or maybe Alt-Country and New Country music, then you will probably like Jason Michael Carroll, Luke Bryan, or Jamey Johnson as well. For all who want a free Randy Houser ringtone, we also recommend listening to Country Rock, and . It's possible to get your track piece both in the MP3 and m4a formats, compatible with both mobile phones and iPhones. Just select a track, and choose free Randy Houser ringtones download option.
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Style traditionalists, sharpen your knives:
Rather than go on a Cornell-style rant, I will instead nod appreciatively at what is clearly a postmodern joke.
Wednesday, May 23, 2012
"India Red Lager"
5 comments:
- Stan Hieronymus said...
Don't care about "style" but would like to know provenance of the hops. Organic Amarillo is news . . .
- 4:25 PM, May 23, 2012
- Jack R. said...
I am thrilled to see two great American craft breweries produce another lager; this nation need more craft lagers.
- 7:10 AM, May 24, 2012
- Jeff Alworth said...
Stan, no idea, but if I see a brewer, I'll ask.
- 11:32 AM, May 24, 2012
- Bill Night said...
Dammit, dammit, dammit! CASCADIAN RED LAGER.
Oh, wait. Wrong style battle, nevermind.
- 4:40 PM, May 25, 2012
Bill, I don't think you're too far off the spot. I'd much rather see Cascadian X Beer Ale than India X Beer Ale as a de facto indicator of hoppiness.
- 10:19 AM, June 05, 2012
Post a Comment
NOTE: Blogspot has been eating some comments, and there doesn't seem to be anything I can do about it. IF your comment doesn't appear, it's not you, it's not me, it's the genuiuses at Google. Sorry--


text:
Last Updated: March 8, 2013
CBD Macy's Readies to Close
HOUSTON-As anticipated, the downtown store will close on March 9. The Houston Chronicle reports that city mayor Annise Parker assigned a retail task force to research options for the close to 800,000-sf retail building.
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Family affair: AL Owners Kin Cruz and Chrissy Taitano pose for a photo with their children at their office in Hagĺtńa.
- Filed Under
Success follows no formula. It thrives on the brave and feeds on the bold. And in 2008, Kin Cruz and Chrissy Taitano proved that they were worthy to stand in that corner. That year brought the birth of their daughter, Sensi.
In celebration of the new addition to the family, Chrissy printed "I (heart) Sensi" T-shirts. "Soon, everyone started asking our friends and family where they could buy the shirts," said Kin.
At first, they started selling the tees out of the trunk of their car. Demand for the product was high. Kin and Chrissy recognized the potential, and decided to go all out.
Make it or break it
In order to capitalize on the opportunity, Kin risked it all. He sold his car and used the money to start up a boutique. "I used the whole amount to fund the store, the build-up and the inventory. And that was it. I was at zero," said Kin. "We needed to make it or break it."
With a newborn baby at home and no day job to fall back on, Kin and Chrissy knew they had put it all on the line.
Branching out of Sensi, Kin brainstormed ideas on ideas for a local urban style brand. Streetwear, as it's more commonly known. The name "Affiliated Lifestyles" represents the brand's belief in collaboration over competition.
In a culture where loyalty runs high, Affiliated Lifestyles has pulled off an impressive series of collaborations with brands like Fokai and Most Hated.
"A lot of people said it was contradictory trying to work with brands that are competing with each other," said Kin. "But that's what being affiliated is about. We're the only ones who are able to do that."
The experience inspired Kin to design a new T-shirt that featured a street version of the phrase: "Forget what you heard." Years later, it's still their number one bestseller.
It doesn't get more real than that.
Affiliated Lifestyles is not afraid be raw and gritty. It's their ability to stay true to the game that attracts such a loyal following.
Their logo says it all. The classic "LA" logo was flipped backwards to create "AL" for Affiliated Lifestyles. "People started seeing it as LA the wrong way," said Kin
Though not necessarily the wrong way, the brand does put a twist on their designs-a twist of reality. Designs that reveal what you're thinking but wouldn't dare say.
At Affiliated Lifestyles, facades are left at the door. The brand does not try to cater to a specific group of people. Nor are they trying to fit a certain cookie cutter image of a streetwear brand.
Just real designs for real people. "We use real local action, lifestyle, and events from Guam," said Kin. "It ain't nothin' you pulled from the Internet and put a logo on it. Our designs are hand drawn, real photos of life on Guam."
The Real Deal
Affiliated Lifestyles has partnered up with talented local artists for both interior and apparel designs. On the back wall of their wholesale shop in Hagĺtńa is a mural painted by a graffiti artist who has roots on Guam.
Contrasting the black wall background, the bright spray paint reads, "True 2 the Game." The words serve as a reminder of what Affiliated Lifestyles vows to accomplish through their brand.
"We're not scared to come out and say it the way it is. That's the way we are," he said. "That's staying true to the game."
AL is also the smallest and first local company to collaborate with Dissizit, a California-based streetwear brand. In June 2012, Dissizit was asked to design the official tees for the release of "The Art of Rap" directed by Ice T. Having worked with major urban designers like X-Large and New Era, Dissizit is one of the biggest names in the street and graffiti industry.
You've got to grind to shine
From its humble beginnings in the trunk of car, Affiliated Lifestyles has since expanded into a full-blown boutique and wholesale distributor.
Two years after opening, the owner cut out the middle man and invested in a t-shirt printing machine. "Now, our shirts can claim to be totally self-made because it's made in-house, locally on Guam, and in our factory," said Kin.
About two months ago, Affiliated Lifestyles opened their newest location across the Bank of Guam in Tumon. The new shop opens up the market to tourists.
As for future expansion, Kin said he's rolling with the punches.
"I'm a day-by-day kind of guy, and I don't really plan ahead to be honest with you," he said. "I never planned for us to be sitting here now. I just keep moving, and it just kept coming."
Smallfry Children's Boutique
Once Affiliated Lifestyles was up and running, Kin and Chrissy found that they had the capital to venture into a new business.
During that time, the couple was expecting their second child.
"We felt that there was nowhere you could get cool stuff for kids on Guam," said Kin. "With Sensi, we either shipped her stuff from the states or ordered online," added Chrissy.
After receiving tons of compliments on her baby's clothing and gear, she realized that local parents were in need of something new. Learning that Guam is tied with Utah for the highest annual birth rate confirmed that the island had a market for a children's store.
Jumping off of a nickname she earned when she was younger, Smallfry was created. To keep the children's apparel exclusive, Chrissy limits her stock and constantly orders new items.
Smallfry is currently in the process of moving to Tumon, with a target opening of June.
"We're the first baby boutique to offer trendy and new modern things that can typically be found stateside," said Chrissy.
Plans for the new Smallfry include a kids' room for children (and dads) to relax while mom is shopping.
With every passing day, the momentum of Affiliated Lifestyles continues to rise. "It was the logics of the hustle," said Kin. "I knew how to turn one into two and two into ten. It just kept going."
As current events continue to unfold, the demand for AL's "Defend Guahan" line grows. Collaboration with several street fashion brands are currently in the works. This is only the beginning.
Affiliated Lifestyles is more than a brand. It's a way of life. It's a culture. It's a philosophy. And now, more than ever, the world needs a reminder to "Stay


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Derecho ambiental
Forest governance and climate policies
Fred Stolle of the World Resources Institute looks at the need for REDD to address forest governance issues as well as creating market incentives. …
01 Oct 2009 | News story
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A fresh face for the Environmental Law Programme
We are happy to announce that Sarah Lucas, from Réunion, joined the team at IUCN Environmental Law Centre as a Junior Legal Officer on 1 September. …
22 Sep 2009 | News story
Invest in nature, ensure water resilience
World Water Week, held in Stockholm, Sweden, from 16 to 22 August, gathers more than 2500 experts to help resolve the growing water crisis. Less than one percent of the world's fresh water is readily accessible for direct human use. …
14 Aug 2009 | News story
ELC-convened International Workshop on Protected Areas Legislation
Bonn, July 13-16.
Twenty-four experts from all parts of the world gathered in Bonn for a 4-day workshop to review progress made so far in the preparation of Guidelines for Protected Area Legislation, a project carried out by the ELC in partnership with CEL and WCPA. The meeting's main task was to consider the third draft of the Guidelines, as well as the twelve case studies which have been developed to accompany it. …
07 Aug 2009 | News story
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Derecho Ambiental en Centroamerica
La UICN a través de su Centro de Derecho Ambiental y su Oficina Regional para Mesoamérica, se complacen en presentar el libro: Derecho Ambiental en Centroamérica, el cual se enmarca dentro de la cooperación entre ambas oficinas. Derecho Ambiental en Centroamérica, aborda la temática desde una perspectiva regional y nacional; respondiendo a la necesidad de contar con un texto que sintetiza y analiza el amplio espectro temático del Derecho Ambiental. Una perspectiva centroamericana, que actualiza y desarrolla a fondo, el análisis jurídico de diversas materias. …
30 Jul 2009 | News story
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Towards Sustainable Fisheries Law
As most of the fish resources in the world's oceans are constantly depleting, the development of effective and efficient instruments of fisheries management becomes crucial. Against this background, the IUCN Environmental Law Programme proudly presents its latest publication in the IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper Series, edited by Gerd Winter, a long standing member of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law, which focuses on a legal approach towards sustainable and equitable management of fish resources. …
15 Jul 2009 | News story
Shared Resources: Issues of Governance
IUCN is pleased to announce "Shared Resources: Issues of Governance," a selection of case studies on transboundary governance frameworks and the latest publication in the IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Series. This book was prepared by IUCN with funding from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Former IUCN Environmental Law Centre Legal Officer Ms. Sharelle Hart edited the publication with contributions from fifteen co-authors. …
15 Jul 2009 | News story
The IUCN Environmental Law Programme and the South Caucasus Office team up to train national experts in European environmental law
From 10-24 June 2009, the IUCN Environmental Law Programme and the Programme Office for the Southern Caucasus, in collaboration with Adelphi Research, kicked off a first round of training courses focusing on nature conservation and natural resources management under the InWEnt programme "Regional Environmental Policy in the South Caucasus". The objective of this series of training courses is to contribute to the region's in the further development of nature conservation policies and legislation in order to support approximation to the Aquis Communautaire. …
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Energy systems should safeguard the environment, says IUCN to UN
This was the message that was delivered by Narinder Kakar from the Permanent Observer Mission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to the United Nations at the UN General Assembly Interactive Thematic Dialogue on Energy Efficiency, Conservation and New and Renewable sources of Energy. …
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The value of groundwater in European Forests
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guitar tabs, guitar chords and lyrics
Public books
My songbook
Barclay's Ukesongs
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A mix of easy and fun sing-along songs for 40 year olds on camping trips, just add beer and bad voices and hilarity will ensue
Don't You Forget About Me (Simple Minds)
I don't like mondays ( Boomtown Rats)
Always On My Mind (Unknown)
All Along The Watchtower (Jimi Hendrix)
Amarillo By Morning (George Strait)
Angel From Montgomery (John Prine)
Avalon (Bryan Ferry)
Better Man (Pearl Jam)
Big Rock Candy Mountain Theme (Misc. Soundtrack)
Bring It On Home To Me (Sam Cooke)
CHANGES (David Bowie)
city of new orleans (Arlo Guthrie)
Cowgirl In The Sand (Neil Young)
Crazy Little Thing Called Love (Queen)
Cuckoo (Rory Gallagher)
Don't look back in Anger (Oasis)
Don't Think Twice It's Alright (Bob Dylan)
Dont Worry About A Thing (Bob Marley)
Down on the Corner (Creedence Clearwater Revival)
Down Under (Men At Work)
Drops Of Jupiter (Train)
Drunken Sailor (Traditional)
First Cut Is The Deepest (Rod Stewart)
Friendsin low places2 (Garth Brooks)
Georgia on my mind (Willie Nelson)
GUITARS CADILLACS (Dwight Yoakam)
happy hour (Housemartins)
Have you ever seen the Rain (Creedence Clearwater Revival)
Here Comes the Sun (George Harrison)
Here Comes Your Man (Pixies)
hey good lookin (Hank Williams)
Hey Joe (Jimi Hendrix)
I Got A Woman (Ray Charles)
I Walk the Line (Johnny Cash)
I Want You (Bob Dylan)
I WILL (Beatles)
I Wish I Was The Moon (Neko Case)
I'll Fly Away (traditional capo 3rd fret)
If You Leave (Omd)
ILLEGAL SMILE (John Prine)
IM SO LONESOME I COULD CRY (Hank Williams)
Imagine (John Lennon)
Jackson (Johnny Cash/June Cash)
JUST LIKE HEAVEN (Cure)
Key To The Highway (Eric Clapton)
Last Train To Clarksville (Monkees)
Lifes Been Good (Joe Walsh)
lil devil (Cult)
Lola (Ray Davies)
London Calling (Clash)
LOVESICK BLUES (Hank Williams)
Luckenbach Texas (Waylon Jennings)
Mamas babies be cowboys1 (Willie Nelson)
Martha My Dear (Beatles)
Maybe I'm Amazed (Paul McCartney)
Midnight Special (Creedence Clearwater Revival)
Mirror In The Bathroom (English Beat)
Modern Love (David Bowie)
More you ignore me (Morrissey)
My My Hey Hey (Neil Young)
Mystery Train (Elvis Presley)
No Woman No Cry (Bob Marley)
Ooh La La (Faces)
Orange Blossom Special (Johnny Cash)
Pretty Woman (Roy Orbison)
Ring Of Fire (Johnny Cash)
Romeo and Juliet (Dire Straits)
Satisfaction (Rolling Stones)
Shady Grove (Misc. Traditional)
Signs (Five Man Electrical Band)
Six Days on the Road (George Jones)
Song For A Winters Night (Gordon Lightfoot)
St James Infirmary (Doc Watson)
Stay all night (Bob Wills)
Still haven't found what I'm looking for (U2)
STRAY CAT STRUT (Stray Cats)
Surfin Safari (Beach Boys)
Surrender (Cheap Trick)
Sweet Baby James (James Taylor)
Sympathy for the Devil (Rolling Stones)
takin care of business (Bachman Turner Overdrive)
Tears Of A Clown (English Beat)
The Race Is On (George Jones)
Under My Thumb (Rolling Stones)
Under the Bridge (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
Under The Milky Way (Church)
understand your man (Johnny Cash)
Wait Till The Midnight Hour (Wilson Pickett)
WALK OF LIFE (Dire Straits)
Walk Of Life (Dire Straits)
Walk On The Wild Side (Lou Reed)
What's Up? (4 Non Blondes)
While My Guitar Gently Weeps (Beatles)
White Wedding (Billy Idol)
Wicked Game (Chris Isaak)
Wicked Games (Chris Isaak)
With or without you (U2)
Wonderwall (Oasis)
You Are My Sunshine (Traditional)
You Can't Always get what you want (Rolling Stones)
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play their songs - buy their music - support the artists
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guitar chords
5 popular songs
Down On The Corner
Creedence Clearwater Revival
Every Rose Has Its Thorn
Get Back!
Bad Moon Rising
Creedence Clearwater Revival


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Saïd Business School is one of Europe's youngest and most entrepreneurial business schools. An integral part of the University of Oxford, the School embodies the academic rigour and forward thinking that has made Oxford a world leader in education. The School is dedicated to developing a new generation of business leaders and entrepreneurs.
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Curriculum advice
Has anyone ever used A.C.E. Pace's curriculum or Christian Light? They both look pretty good to me, but i've never homeschooled before and am planning on doing it this fall and am really confused on what to use. We do want a Christian curriculum but i dont' really know what to use. I have heard some bads things about abeka so i don't know about using it. My boys will be in K , 2nd, and 4th grades. Please any advice would be great. thanks
how do you like Abeka? What grades do you use?


text: G.F. Ferris, "The Sucking Lice," Mem. Pacif. Cst. Ent. Soc., vol. 1 (1951), an outline of the morphology, growth, and identification of the Anoplura, with a host-parasite list; G.H.E. Hopkins, "The Host-Associations of the Lice of Mammals," Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 119:387–604 (1949), an account of the biology and methods of preservation, examination, and distribution of the mammalian lice, with a list of mammals and their lice; and with T. Clay and G. Timmermann, First Symposium on Host Specificity Among Parasites of Vertebrates (1957), papers on the distribution of the Anoplura and Mallophaga of birds and mammals, with a discussion on host-parasite relationships; S. von Kéler, "Bibliographie der Mallophagen," Mitt. Zool. Mus. 36:147–403 (1960), a full bibliography of the literature on the Mallophaga arranged chronologically, together with an author and subject index; M. Rothschild and T. Clay, Fleas, Flukes and Cuckoos: A Study of Bird Parasites, 3rd ed. (1957), a popular account of the Mallophaga of birds; H. Zinsser, Rats, Lice and History (1935, reprinted 1985), a readable account of the scientific and historical aspects of Typhus.


text: The 25 de Abril Bridge (translation: 25th of April Bridge, in Portuguese: Ponte 25 de Abril, pron. IPA: ['põt(ɨ) 'vĩt(ɨ) 'sĩku dɨ ɐ'bɾiɫ]) is a suspension bridge connecting the city of Lisbon, capital of Portugal, to the municipality of Almada on the left bank of the Tagus river. It was inaugurated on August 6, 1966 and a train platform was added in 1999. It is often compared to the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, USA, due to their similarities and same construction company. With a total length of 2,277 m, it is the 19th largest suspension bridge in the world. The upper platform carries six car lanes, the lower platform two train tracks. Until 1974 the bridge was named Salazar Bridge. There is an unproved controversy on which Salazar wanted to name the bridge D. João I, after John I of Portugal.


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The setting is based on Cadence Virtuoso® Liberate® Characterization Solution and Spectre® Circuit Simulator, and includes environment setup and sample templates for TSMC standard cells.
Utilizing native Spectre API integration, the combination of the Liberate solution and Spectre Circuit Simulator delivers superior convergence and accuracy, enabling mutual customers to speed up their library characterization cycle. In testing performed with TSMC, the combined Cadence characterization and simulation solution reduced the turnaround time by half for 16nm FinFET standard and complex cell-characterization cycles. As a result, TSMC has incorporated the Liberate solution with Spectre Circuit Simulator into its library characterization production flow for the latest 16nm FinFET libraries. Libraries characterized by the Cadence characterization solution were used in the 16nm FinFET v1.0 static timing analysis (STA) tool certification, including the Cadence Tempus™ Timing Signoff Solution and other STA tools. The reference kit gives TSMC customers the tools needed to enable re-characterization that addresses their specific design challenges with a consistent methodology that meets TSMC's stringent accuracy and performance requirements. The Liberate solution also continues to support third-party circuit simulators.
"Library characterization is an important part of 16nm FinFET collaboration with TSMC," said Tom Beckley, senior vice president, Custom IC & PCB Group at Cadence. "Through this collaboration, customers can benefit from improved throughput, accuracy and capacity required for 16nm FinFET library characterization."
Source: http://www.cadence.com/
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Japan's Ebola test system 'ready to go'Comment on this story
Tokyo -
Japanese researchers said on Tuesday they had developed a new method to detect the presence of the Ebola virus in 30 minutes, with technology that could allow doctors to quickly diagnose infection.
Professor Jiro Yasuda and his team at Nagasaki University say their process is also cheaper than the system currently in use in West Africa where the virus has already killed more than 1 500 people.
"The new method is simpler than the current one and can be used in countries where expensive testing equipment is not available," Yasuda told AFP by telephone.
"We have yet to receive any questions or requests, but we are pleased to offer the system, which is ready to go," he said.
Yasuda said the team had developed what he called a "primer", which amplifies only those genes specific to the Ebola virus found in a blood sample or other bodily fluid.
Using existing techniques, ribonucleic acid (RNA) - biological molecules used in the coding of genes - is extracted from any viruses present in a blood sample.
This is then used to synthesise the viral DNA, which can be mixed with the primers and then heated to 60-65 degrees Celsius.
If Ebola is present, DNA specific to the virus is amplified in 30 minutes due to the action of the primers. The by-products from the process cause the liquid to become cloudy, providing visual confirmation, Yasuda said.
Currently, a method called polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is widely used to detect the Ebola virus, which requires doctors to heat and cool samples repeatedly and takes up to two hours.
"The new method only needs a small, battery-powered warmer and the entire system costs just tens of thousands of yen (hundreds of dollars), which developing countries should be able to afford," he added.
The outbreak of the Ebola virus, transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids, has sparked alarm throughout West Africa. - Sapa-AFP
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Postal Explorer > Publication 417 - Nonprofit Standard Mail Eligibility > 1 Introduction > 1-5 Postal Explorer
Postal Explorer (pe.usps.com) is an easy-to-use Web site that provides a
comprehensive collection of business mailing tools, many used by nonprofit
organizations, including the Publication 417. With Postal Explorer you can:
• Get the most up-to-date mailing information.
• Access the Quick Service Guides.
• Read the DMM Advisory message board.
• Access nonprofit postage statements and forms.
• Calculate nonprofit postage rates.
• Use the Standard Mail eligibility decision tree.


text:
This video Thomas Mueller of Bruker Nano Surfaces highlights the features and benefits of Bruker's Innova-IRIS AFM-Raman solution. A brief introduction of complete AFM-Raman TERS solution is also given. The Innova-IRIS AFM is introduced at Nanoscale conference in Bristol, UK.
Run Time – 2:17min
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