text:
Behavior is receptor-mediated
June 15, 2014 | James Kohl
Mechanism explains complex brain wiring
Excerpt: "How neurons are created and integrate with each other is one of biology's greatest riddles."
My comment: The biology of behavior is receptor-mediated. If you can convince people it is not receptor-mediated, you can probably convince them that the different morphological and behavioral phenotypes of species from microbes to man somehow evolved via mutations and natural selection. However, without the nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes, ecological variation could not possibly result in the ecological adaptations some people think are the result of mutation-driven evolution.
Yesterday, the arch-enemy of scientific pursuits, Jay R. Feireman, who is moderator of ISHE, the International Society of Human Ethology's yahoo discussion group, decided to end my participation unless I answered a question that arose during discussion of ecological (diet-driven) niche construction. I attempted to address nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological niche construction in a thread about wolves.
I wrote (and Feierman edited …)
Excerpt: Emerging evidence suggests that ecological heterogeneity across space can influence the genetic structure of populations, including that of long-distance dispersers such as large carnivores.
My comment: Indeed, the emerging evidence actually refutes all the neo-Darwinian nonsense of population genetics . . . etc., etc.
Feierman then wrote: [MODERATOR NOTE: I'm not going to post more from Kohl until he answers the very direct and simple question posed to him by anon, which is whether he (Kohl) believes that RNA splicing can change DNA.]
I had written: Serious scientists understand how miRNA processing uses alternative splicing to manipulate the levels of different clustered intronic miRNAs and have specifically shown how miRNAs of the miR-106b-25 cluster, which are involved in the inhibition of several apoptotic pathways, can be differentially expressed. Inhibiting apoptosis is one way to enable the experience-dependent de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes and olfactory receptor neurons.
This was misrepresented by an anonymous participant who wrote: "This is about your insistence that splicing creates new genes."
In my detailed model: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems, I covered every aspect of de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes that I could imagine, but had not yet read this article, which established the fact that de novo gene creation was experience dependent. See:
Odor memories regulate olfactory receptor expression in the sensory periphery
Excerpt 1) "…the molecular basis of odor detection in the periphery of the olfactory system changes with experience…"
Excerpt 2) "…the mechanism underlying this plasticity might involve non-coding RNAs such as micro-RNAs predicted to target Or151 [miR-97-1, miR-985, miR-6002, miR-6039 and miR-6058 (Chen et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2012; A.S. Cristino, personal observation)]. This potential micro-RNA activity might be linked to molecular events associated with synaptic changes in the feedback circuit."
My comment: It is not likely to become clearer that conserved molecular mechanisms enable the sensing of nutrients and their metabolism to species-specific pheromones that control the physiology of reproduction. The involvement of the nutrient-dependent microRNA/messenger RNA balance is not likely to become clearer.
However, until evolutionary theorists admit that mutations, which perturb protein folding, cannot also create functional new genes in the context of biophysically-constrained intercellular signaling that links the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of DNA via de novo gene creation, no scientific progress can be made that might otherwise make sense of how ecological variation results in ecological adaptations. The ecological adaptations will be offered to others as examples of evolution.
For comparison, see our award-winning 2001 review: Human pheromones: integrating neuroendocrinology and ethology and note this comment from the president of the International Society for Physiological Sciences: "If you learnt evolutionary biology and genetics a decade or more ago you need to be aware that those debates have moved on very considerably, as has the experimental and field work on which they are based."
Evolutionary theorists, and other social scientists who have failed to support their ideas with experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect can only continue to link meaningless data that they meaningfully interpret to mutations, natural selection, and evolution. That is precisely what several members of ISHE will soon be doing, as evidenced by the presentations by human ethologists on olfaction and behavior, which are scheduled during a forthcoming conference. Keep in mind that without the link from odors to the de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes, each of these presentations will be framed in the context the theories touted at the time neo-Darwinism was invented by population geneticists. The presentations will not accurately represent what is currently known about how ecological variation enables ecological adaptations via the creation of new genes. The presentations will incorporate only the knowledge that we integrated into our 2001 review, nothing new.
See these abstracts of accepted papers for the 2014 Belem conference . Specifically, here are the abstracts that will be presented in this symposium:
The scented ape: communication, perception and application
Jan Havlicek
Last modified: 2014-06-02
Humans are traditionally depicted as a microsmatic species, suggesting that olfaction plays a minor role in various areas of our lives. However, humans emit numerous aromatic compounds from their bodies and adorn both themselves and their environment with extrinsically sourced aromatic compounds. The last two decades have witnessed rapidly growing interest in the possibility that the outcome of various social interactions are affected by odour. The goal of this symposium is to highlight several areas of human chemical communication and link them to the major theoretical frameworks such sexual selection theory, evolution of signalling or dual inheritance theory. It will include presentations and debate on the social significance of major axillary constituents (Roberts), communication of affective states through body odours (Fialová), effect of odours on formation of first impressions (Sorokowska), interaction between body odour and perfume (Havlíček), sex differences in odour perception (Grammer) and psychological effects of scented environments (Obrerzaucher). Studies into human semiochemistry are inherently transdisciplinary including analytical chemistry, microbiology and various branches of psychology which pose a serious challenge to researchers to understand this vast complexity. We therefore also aim to briefly introduce methods used in the relevant fields. A panel discussion following the main talks will focus on the conceptual and theoretical aspects related to chemical communication and its promise for stimulating further ethological inquiry.
Jan Havlíček, Ph.D, e-mail: email@example.com, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 44, Praha 2, Czech Republic
S. Craig Roberts, Ph.D, e-mail: email@example.com, University of Stirling, School of Natural Sciences, Stirling, FK9 4BN, UK
Jitka Fialová, M.A., e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Viničná 7, 128 44, Praha 2, Czech Republic
Agnieszka Sorokowska, M.A., e-mail:email@example.com, University of Wroclaw, Institute of Psychology, ul. Brzozowa 7a/11; 52-200 Wysoka, Poland
Karl Grammer, Prof., e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, University ofVienna, Department of Anthropology, AltanStrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Ph.D, e-mail: email@example.com, University of Klagenfurt, InterdisciplinaryResearch Center for Technology, Work and Culture, Klagenfurt, Austria
Androstenes in human axillary odour reveal mate availability, not mate quality
S. Craig Roberts, Jan Christensen, Alice Murray, Jan Havlicek, Patriziad'Ettorre
Body odour influences human mate preferences, but we do not know the chemical basis of such effects. However, one possible candidate is the family of 16-androstene compounds, which are known to produce physiological and behavioural effects in humans, as well as in other mammals. In our study, we tested whether individual variation in expression of androstene compounds predicts variation in other phenotypic indicator traits, but found no evidence that they predict mate quality. However, individual odour profiles were associated with mated status, with odours comprising relatively high proportions of androstenols and androstenones and low proportions of androstadienones being characteristic of unpartnered men. In perceptual tests, axillary odours characteristic of unpartnered men were preferred over odours characteristic of partnered men, and artificial mixtures mimicking odour of unpartnered men induced more proceptive responses in women. Our results suggest that androstenes reveal mating relevant cues of a different kind to that previously believed.
Perception of emotion-related body odours in humans
Jitka Fialová and Jan Havlíček
Many socially living species are able to perceive chemical cues to the emotional states of their conspecifics. Similarly, it was shown that humans are to some extent able to recognize, distinguish and judge hedonic quality of odours of other individuals who have been experiencing various affective states predominantly in fear, happy or stressful contexts. On the other hand, often it is difficult to identify specific affective contexts in which the odour has been sampled. Furthermore, in the following studies it was found that exposure to odour samples collected in stressful situations affect cognitive functioning and behaviour (e. g., startle response and level of anxiety increase, higher risk-taking behaviour or sensory bias in the perception of another person) of people exposed to such odours, although individuals may not be aware of what the odour refers to or may be perceived on subliminal level. This is further supported by the research into the changes in the brain activity following perception of odours sampled in various affective states. Moreover, among the affective states which may influence the body odour belongs also emotions accompanying competition, more specifically, the emotions connected to winning or losing (for instance, pride, sadness etc.). The main aim of this paper is to review the current body of evidence about perception of emotion-related body odours in humans and interpret the findings of the relevant studies, point out the shortcomings in the present research (i. e., using verbal labels of the emotional states, separating and defining particular emotional states) and suggest new avenues to carry on in this promising and fruitful area(e.g. broaden the set of studied affective states and psychophysical responses of individuals exposed to these emotion-related body odours).
The perfume-body odour complex: An insightful model for culture-gene coevolution?
Jan Havlíček and S. Craig Roberts
Olfaction is involved in various human social interactions, ranging from mother-offspring attachment to mate choice decisions. Psychological processes underlying such interactions are thought to be shaped by evolution. However, across many human cultures, individuals tend to manipulate their body odour by means of various fragrances and these may significantly affect the outcome of social encounters in a context-specific fashion. Here we employ the framework of dual-inheritance theory, which advocates that cultural practices should be incorporated into the analysis of evolution of human behaviour, to explore cultural means of olfactory signalling such as ethnic and status markers. Further, we review studies showing that perfumes interact with body odour in an individual fashion and that people tend to choose perfumes according to their genetic make-up. This indicates that biologically evolved chemical signalling might operate in concert with some cultural human practices. Finally, we propose two scenarios: i) how culturally based preferences and use of perfume might impact gene frequencies in individual populations, and ii) how evolved cognitive biases might affect selection of scents that are appropriate for body adornments. This, in our view, makes the perfume-body odour complex a potentially insightful model for culture-gene coevolution.
Does personality smell? An overview.
Agnieszka Sorokowska
People are able to assess some personality traits of others based on videotaped behavior, short interaction or a photograph. In a series of studies, we investigated the relationship between body odor and the Big Five personality dimensions and dominance (the correlations between scent ratings and the self-assessed personality dimensions). In Study I, sixty odor samples were assessed by 20 raters each. In Study II, we compared the accuracy of assessments performed by 150 observers on the basis of facial images and body odor of 50 individuals and we analyzed whether attractiveness of targets influenced the accuracy. In Study III, we investigated whether personality traits might be recognized using olfactory cues in contexts other than male–female interactions. 75 children and 75 young adults rated the personality traits of 50 unknown individuals based on their body odor. In Study IV, we tested differences between assessments based on natural body odor and assessments based on smell of people who were allowed to use any cosmetics based on their daily routine.100 observers assessed samples of odors of 113 odor donors (every odor donor provided two samples).The main finding of Study I was that in several personality traits, the correlation between self-assessed personality of odor donors and judgments based on their body odor (T-shirt samples) was above a chance level. The correlations were strongest for extraversion (.36), neuroticism (.34) and dominance (.29). In Study II, naive observers assessed neuroticism and dominance at above-chance levels based on samples of body odor, and they assessed extraversion (and in some cases, neuroticism) at above-chance levels based on either facial images alone or body odor and facial images presented together. In addition, facial and body odor attractiveness predicted the targets' personalities and the assessments of their personalities. The results of this study show that the accuracy of personality assessment changes when judges assess different types of stimuli. Interestingly, the assessments of extraversion based on axillary cotton pads were less accurate than the assessments based on T-shirts in Study I. The results of Study III show that both children and adults assess neuroticism relatively accurately, whereas only adults congruently assessed dominance. The most important findings of Study IV were that correlations with self-rated neuroticism were more congruent when raters assessed natural body odor samples than in condition with use of cosmetics. Ratings of dominance were congruent in both cases, and assessments of extraversion were incongruent in both parts of this study. This suggests that cosmetics might change the impression about personality conveyed by body odor. In summary, the results of all presented studies suggest that olfaction supplements visual and auditory cues throughout our whole lives, contributing to the formation of the first impression and accuracy of certain personality traits judgements.
Situated Communication – Scented Environments
Elisabeth Oberzaucher & Susanne Schmehl
Multimodal communication integrates communicative tokens exchanged among communicators on different levels of complexity and speed, and through different sensory channels. The meaning attributed to these communicative tokens is affected by the interaction among these tokens. The word 'yes', for example, can adopt a large number of different meanings modulated by e.g. voice parameters, facial and bodily expressions that accompany it. Communicative tokens can convey different meanings depending on who produces them and where. The behaviour settings theory (Barker 1968) emphasises the importance of situatedness of behaviour, i.e. the specific environment where behaviour is shown. Unfortunately, communication research was not strongly affected by this idea.
Olfaction might be the communication channel that is affected most by environmental properties: Environmental scents can lead to habituation increasing the threshold for perception. More importantly, odorous molecules might have interactive effects, thus changing the hedonic value, or even the attributed meaning.
Scent design is of increasing interest for various businesses, aiming to affect the behaviour of people and customers. Scents are used to create brand identities, to attract customers, and to camouflage undesired odours. We will discuss the potential of scents in affecting human behaviour on a subconscious level and highlight the limitations of scent applications.
Ina Maria Rennisch, Julia Ramesmayer, Anna Schaman, Karl Grammer
Does the odor of the Maillard reaction lure men to the barbecue? SFA
Whenever a barbecue is lighted it is surrounded by men. Although this seems like common knowledge, very little is known about what is causing this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to gain insight into this topic, if it has a social cause or is induced by evolutionary reasons. We hypothesized that the preference of men handling the barbecue is due to their higher attraction to the typical volatile compounds originating from the Maillard reaction (fried meat). 114 subjects (58 men, 56 women) were asked to describe their feelings when smelling scents of different barbecued meat by rating the intensity of 25 emotional states via the Emotion and Odor Scale (EOS). Additionally, the subjects took a medical olfactory test, consisting of a threshold, discrimination and identification test and were asked about their barbecue habits. The EOS data were evaluated with a factor analysis, which results in five factors of hedonism. The factor values for the different odors enable an analysis of which sex is more attracted by the scent of barbecued meat. We could identify several volatile compounds, which emerge from frying meat which are more appreciated by men than women, although men and women report eating grilled food with equal frequency. In general, men declare themselves of handling the barbecue more often. Men also prefer grilled meat to every other barbecued food, whereas women do not specify which grilled food they like the best. This study emphasizes that men are in charge whenever a grill is involved in food preparation, and this behavior might be triggered by the volatile compounds of fried meat.
Atomic steps of dumb happenstance?
June 15, 2014 | James Kohl
'A Perfect and Beautiful Machine': What Darwin's Theory of Evolution Reveals About Artificial Intelligence
Excerpt 1): "Turing, like Darwin, broke down the mystery of intelligence (or Intelligent Design) into what we might call atomic steps of dumb happenstance, which, when accumulated by the millions, added up to a sort of pseudo-intelligence."
My comment: Ecological speciation has since replaced mutation-initiated natural selection as the cause of ecological adaptations manifested in biodiversity. The model is based on the fact that behavior is receptor-mediated and that odors induce the de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes. Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems
Excerpt 2): "Charles Darwin managed to compress his entire theory into a single summary paragraph that a layperson can readily follow."
My comment: Unfortunately, neo-Darwinists ignored Darwin's 'conditions of life.' The ability to readily follow his theory was subsequently taught in courses that should have been titled "Evolution for Dummies."
It has been much more difficult to compress what is currently known about the conserved molecular mechanisms that allow ecological variation ('conditions of life') to result in the ecological adaptations manifested in the morphological and behavioral phenotypes of species from microbes to man. However, this is an example of how the summary paragraph from a model of biological facts might be used to replace a theory that any layperson could follow.
"This atoms to ecosystems model of ecological adaptations links nutrient-dependent epigenetic effects on base pairs and amino acid substitutions to pheromone-controlled changes in the microRNA / messenger RNA balance and chromosomal rearrangements. The nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled changes are required for the thermodynamic regulation of intracellular signaling, which enables biophysically constrained nutrient-dependent protein folding; experience-dependent receptor-mediated behaviors, and organism-level thermoregulation in ever-changing ecological niches and social niches. Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological, social, neurogenic and socio-cognitive niche construction are manifested in increasing organismal complexity in species from microbes to man. Species diversity is a biologically-based nutrient-dependent morphological fact and species-specific pheromones control the physiology of reproduction. The reciprocal relationships of species-typical nutrient-dependent morphological and behavioral diversity are enabled by pheromone-controlled reproduction. Ecological variations and biophysically constrained natural selection of nutrients cause the behaviors that enable ecological adaptations. Species diversity is ecologically validated proof-of-concept. Ideas from population genetics, which exclude ecological factors, are integrated with an experimental evidence-based approach that establishes what is currently known. This is known: Olfactory/pheromonal input links food odors and social odors from the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of DNA in the organized genomes of species from microbes to man during their development."
Excerpt 3): To this day many people cannot get their heads around the unsettling idea that a purposeless, mindless process can crank away through the eons, generating ever more subtle, efficient, and complex organisms without having the slightest whiff of understanding of what it is doing.
My comment: To this day there is no experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect that suggests that is possible. All experimental evidence that links physics, chemistry, and conserved molecular mechanisms to nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations suggests that organismal complexity results from amino acids substitutions that differentiate the cell types of all organisms of all species.
If everything that is not mechanistic is left out of any equations used in the past to support the population geneticists' invention of neo-Darwinism, one is left with the most obvi0us of all molecular mechanisms, which are conserved across species because they link the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of DNA in organized genomes. These molecular mechanisms can be understood in the context of Darwin's 'conditions of life.' Every organism must eat and reproduce and those that do that best enable biodiversity via their nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled reproduction, not by mutations that randomly arise and are somehow naturally selected so that they result in the evolution of biodiversity.
Thus, any ideas about atomic steps of dumb happenstance should continue to be attached to neo-Darwinism, so that Darwin's claims can be pursued in the light of what is currently known about molecular biology. For example, see: Interplay between pre-mRNA splicing and microRNA biogenesis within the supraspliceosome, but do not be surprised if you cannot understand it; it's not like "Evolution for Dummies." This is, after all, the 21st century, which may be when ideas about evolution from the 19th and 20th centuries should be replaced with experimental evidence of cause and effect. However, even "If you learnt evolutionary biology and genetics a decade or more ago you need to be aware that those debates have moved on very considerably, as has the experimental and field work on which they are based." — Denis Noble (2011)
Read more
Late emerging epigenetic effects
June 14, 2014 | James Kohl
The effects of perinatal testosterone exposure on the DNA methylome of the mouse brain are late-emerging
Excerpt: "…the emergence of sex differences in the brain may be a gradual process that is cemented over the organism's life. Our data provide a new perspective by showing that most sex differences in CpG methylation are dynamic and not the result of acute modifications in response to hormones."
My comment: My model extends epigenetic cause and effect across species of invertebrates and vertebrates to mammals.
"The mammalian model (Diamond et al., 1996) detailed here allows what we have learned from the study of invertebrates (Elekonich & Roberts, 2005; Elekonich & Robinson, 2000) to be used in attempts to understand the development of human behavior and in attempts to understand human physical disease. Those who adopted the position that mammalian pheromones do not exist, or who continue to insist that human pheromones do not exist, have for more than two decades made it seem that there was something 'fishy' or 'funny' about this model."
"An environmental drive appears to have evolved from that of food ingestion in unicellular organisms to that of socialization in insects. In mammals, food odors and pheromones cause changes in hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH), which has developmental affects on sexual behavior in nutrient-dependent, reproductively fit individuals across species of vertebrates (see for review and citations Kohl, 2012). These developmental affects cause the 'biological embedding' of responses to the signals that are most important to the survival of individuals and species (i.e. the signals from nutrients that metabolize to species-specific pheromones)."
The link from epigenetic effects of food odors and pheromones via GnRH, LH, and testosterone to affects of differences in hormone secretion on behavior has been clear since 1996. The late emerging effects have also been detailed in the context of how genetic predispositions and experience-dependent epigenetic effects on the differentiation of cell types are linked to sexual orientation.
The Mind's Eyes: Human pheromones, neuroscience, and male sexual preferences
Nutrient-dependent synthesis of serotonin, oxytocin, and vasopressin alters levels of three brain hormones that affect social behavior. For example, see: Vitamin D hormone regulates serotonin synthesis. Part 1: relevance for autism
What if late emerging epigenetic effects of the metabolism of nutrients to species-specific pheromones links nutrient stress and social stress to brain development via epigenetic effects on amino acid substitutions and on myelination during the cell type differentiation associated with genetically predisposed sexual preferences via hormone-organization and hormone-activation. Could experiences that vary across a lifetime of life history transitions be linked to the development of sexual preferences via conserved molecular mechanisms in species from microbes to man? Or would our 1996 model only apply in some species from insects to elephants?
Is Panksepp correct: "My feeling is that the social brain has many levels. If you don't understand the foundational level, then you can do brain imaging until you're blue in the face, but you still will not understand the process at a deep causal level."Read more
Black Queen trumps the Red Queen
June 14, 2014 | James Kohl
Earlier today, I wondered how best to note that the ridiculous misrepresentations in "Mutation-driven evolution" (2013) appeared in book publication on the same day my review article was published, which was one year ago.
This article, from "The Scientist Magazine" allowed me to vent some of my frustrations via my comments related to different hypotheses "Red Queen" and "Black Queen."
Only the "Black Queen" hypothesis has been supported by experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect. The "Red Queen" hypothesis attests only to the theoretical nonsense that attests to the unwillingness of evolutionary theorists to learn about the basic principles of biology and levels of biological organization required to link sensory cause to behavioral affects via conserved molecular mechanisms in species from microbes to man.
My comment to The Scientist Magazine:
Re: "…none of us can actually tell how our experimental observations really relate to human disease, but we're getting, all of us, closer to mechanistic insights…"
These mechanistic insights eliminate the "Red Queen" hypothesis and substitute biological facts about the molecular epigenetics of cause and effect, which can be accurately linked to the "Black Queen" hypothesis linked here. "The most likely explanation for the fitness advantage conferred by genomic and metabolic "streamlining" in both natural and experimental populations is that it reduces the amount of carbon and other limiting nutrients required to produce a new cell (12, 15, 16)."
This "Black Queen" explanation of cell type differentiation and organization of the genome links the conserved molecular mechansims of sensing and signaling in species from microbes to man via the sensing of nutrients and their metabolism to pheromones that control the physiology of reproduction.
Nutrient-dependent base pair changes and amino acid substitutions link the microRNA/messenger RNA balance from alternative splicings of pre-mRNA to the de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes in invertebrates and vertebrates. The de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes enables the required receptor-mediated changes in behavior that link food acquisition and mate acquisition to biodiversity manifested in the morphological and behavioral phenotypes, which are life-support systems for their microbiomes.
Microbiome-dependent phenotypic expression shows how readily ecological variation enables the epigenetic landscape to become the physical landscape of DNA in the organized genome. (Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled phenotypic expression explains what is called the Cambrian "explosion" via the same model that explains the more recently reported differences in 500 species of fish in 15,000 years.)
In the mouse-to-human example of cell type differentiation and biodiversity of mammals, chemical ecology and one nutrient-dependent amino acid substitution link differences in hair, sweat glands, teeth, and mammary tissue from ecological variation to ecological adaptations associated with the microbiome-dependent loss of olfactory receptors in human populations. (One modern human population supposedly arose in what is now central China during the past ~30K years.)
In modern human populations, some human olfactory receptor genes are no longer needed because our gut microbes modulate the sensing of food and our skin microbes modulate the signaling of reproductive fitness that enables our biodiversity. (Also,microbiome- and nutrient-dependent ecological, social, neurogenic, and socio-cognitive niche construction enabled brain development and processing power associated with the unconscious affects of odors on behavior.)
Fixation of the nutrient-dependent amino acid substitutions that stabilize the DNA in the cell types of the organized genome is obviously required. Otherwise nutrient-dependent DNA repair mechanisms would fail as they clearly do with nutrient stress and with social stress associated with mutations and pathology. Stress perturbs the thermodynamics of protein folding and organism-level thermoregulation required for ecological speciation to occur via the natural genetic engineering of protein biosynthesis and degradation.
Unfortunately, most people cannot think in terms of "Black Queen" biological facts known to molecular biologists because they have been taught to believe in the "Red Queen" hypothesis and in mutation-driven evolution. Thankfully, ideas associated with the invention of neo-Darwinism by population geneticists are being replaced with the facts about Darwin's 'conditions of life,' which he insisted must receive first consideration.
Obviously natural selection of food must occur before anything else can somehow be naturally selected, and the natural selection that was subsequently more loosely associated with mutations and evolution was a horrid misrepresentation of cause and effect. It should not have been added to Darwin's theory, especially given his protests.
Whatever motivated population geneticists to bastardize Darwin's theory and also motivated social scientists to continue the bastardization has confused some of the serious scientists who might otherwise have told us how their experimental observations relate to human disease via what is currently known about the physics, chemistry, and molecular biology of their mechanistic insights. These mechanistic insights eliminate the "Red Queen" hypothesis and substitute biological facts about the molecular epigenetics of cause and effect, which can be accurately linked to the "Black Queen" hypothesis.Read more
Mixing evolution and ecology
June 14, 2014 | James Kohl
Population genetic structure of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in a marine archipelago suggests island-mainland differentiation consistent with dietary niche
Excerpt: "Evolutionary ecology and genetic differentiation between mainland and island wolves…"
My comment: This subheading mixes two different concepts.
1) Evolution of genetic differences in cell types between mainland and island wolves.
2) Ecological variation and epigenetic effects of diet, which are directly linked from food odors and pheromones to ecological adaptations in cell type differentiation. Cell type differentiation is manifested in morphological and behavioral phenotypes of species from microbes to man.
For example, in white-throated sparrows, research has shown that a difference in uniparental or biparental feeding results in fixed amino acid substitutions and different morphological and behavioral phenotypes. That suggests differences in wolves can also be linked to amino acid substitutions, but not to mutations and natural selection.
No experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect in any vertebrate links mutations and natural selection to the evolution of genetic differences in cell types, or to the evolution of different morphological and behavioral phenotypes like those of birds. All experimental evidence of biophysically-constrained cell type differentiation links nutrient-uptake, fixed amino acid substitutions, and the metabolism of nutrients to species-specific pheromones to cell type differentiation via conserved molecular mechanisms that link the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of DNA in the organized genomes of the cell types of all species.
In the context of nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled cell type differentiation and differences between wolves and dogs, I wrote (in Kohl, 2013):
"The epigenetic effects of nutrients on evolved differences in the diet and starch digestion of dogs and wolves (Axelsson et al., 2013) were detailed at the same time differences in the socialization of these subspecies were attributed to explorations involving only chemosensory input in 3 to 4-week-old wolf pups. For comparison, differences in starch digestion and exploration involving multisensory input in dogs begin a mere 2 weeks later (Lord, 2013). The differences in nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled socialization, however, extend across a life-time of more aggressive behavior in wolves that have not been domesticated because less digested starch from their diet genetically predisposes infants to first respond to olfactory/pheromonal cues as they initially explore their postnatal environment."
It should be obvious that prenatal cell type differentiation is quickly followed by postnatal cell type differentiation in vertebrates such as dogs and wolves, because larval cell type differentiation is followed by life history transitions in cell type differentiation in invertebrates.
Examples of ecological speciation continue to show that ecological adaptations are nutrient-dependent and pheromone-controlled. The ecological adaptations are manifested in morphological and behavioral phenotypes associated with cell type differentiation via amino acid substitutions during life history transitions.
Mixing evolution and ecology in reports on genetic differentiation manifested in populations of any species or subspecies serves only to confuse those who have not yet taken the time to learn that olfactory/pheromonal input and the conserved molecular mechanisms of cell type differentiation link the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of DNA in the organized genomes of all species. For example, a geneticist who is a research associate at the Institute for Creation Research asserted that the New Dog Genome Research Nixes Evolutionary Paradigm based in part on the report by Axelsson et al., 2013. Continuing to mix ecology and evolution will probably add fuel to the fires of Creationist research, just as Dozahansky did in 1964 and in again in 1973.
First there was his negative comment about those who lacked understanding of molecular biology. He wrote: "The notion has gained some currency that the only worthwhile biology is molecular biology. All else is "bird watching" or "butterfly collecting." Bird watching and butterfly collecting are occupations manifestly unworthy of serious scientists!"
Then, in 1973 he published: Nothing in Biology Makes Any Sense Except in the Light of Evolution (link opens pdf), and claimed "I am a creationist and an evolutionist. Evolution is God's, or Nature's, method of Creation."
In both published works he noted that amino acid substitutions differentiate the cell types of primates. We've since seen examples of amino acid substitutions that differentiate the cell types of species from microbes to man.
Therefore, the issues dividing the creationists and evolutionists seem to come down to experimental evidence of nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled fixed amino acid substitutions that stabilize the genome. The fixed amino acid substitutions can be compared to mutations that perturb protein folding but yet are somehow supposedly linked via natural selection to the evolution of observable biodiversity.
However, the biodiversity observed by population geneticists was first used to invent neo-Darwinism. Similar observations have since continued to be used to tout its explanatory power in the absence of experimental evidence that supports any theories.
What this suggest to me is that if Dobzhansky were alive today, he would claim to be a creationist and ecologist who has always understood the fact that Darwin's 'conditions of life' are nutrient dependent and pheromone controlled. He might say "I am a creationist and an ecological adaptationist!" But I think he would require experimental evidence of how mutations and natural selection result in biodiversity before again claiming "I am a creationist and an evolutionary ecologist!" Experimental evidence always makes it more difficult to fool a serious scientist, and Dobzhansky was no fool.Read more


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Derrick Miller tells jury he gave Kwame Kilpatrick $10,000 payoff in restaurant bathroom
Miller says he gave envelope full of money to ex-Detroit mayor Kwame Kilpatrick
Today Derrick Miller told the jury a $10,000 payoff happened in the bathroom of a Detroit restaurant.
Derick Miller saying he delivered an envelope full of hundreds to Kilpatrick while he was still the mayor of Detroit
Read: Kwame Kilpatrick back on tether after probation violation
Kwame Kilpatrick left the courthouse as usual, with all smiles.
Inside he looked shocked as his former friend told the jury he gave Kilpatrick bribe money in the bathroom of an Asian Village restaurant.
Miller who was a top aide says the mayor told him to get him some money from the Asian Village guys.
Andrew Park was building Asian Village and was trying to get a pension fund loan.
This afternoon the defense got their first shot to attack Miller's credibility.
The defense team told the jury Miller's stories don't add up
Read: Thursday recap: Miller talks about kickback to Kilpatrick.
Andrew Park plead guilty to tax evasion charges. In court he said he paid Miller cash bribes.
Calling it the worst decision of his life, Park says he never gave money directly to Kilpatrick.
Will the jury believe Miller passed the money along to the mayor or will they believe the defense?

subset: commoncrawl


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Tide tables and solunar tables for sport fishers in North Goulburn Island. Find out the forecast for high tides and low tides before setting out to fish, and other fishing-related data such as the lunar phase, tidal coefficient, sun and moon rising and setting times, hours of maximum fish activity, weather conditions in North Goulburn Island ...
We want you to enjoy to the max a well-planned fishing expedition! Good luck!
Today Monday, 30th of November of 2015, the sun rose in North Goulburn Island at 6:02 am and sunset will be at 6:47 pm. The moon set at 9:52 am at 286º west. Eventually, the moon will rise again in the east (75º) at 10:45 pm.
In the high tide and low tide chart, we can see that the first low tide was at 2:20 am and the next low tide will be at 3:05 pm. The first high tide was at 8:10 am and the next high tide will be at 9:30 pm.
The lunar phase is a Waning Gibbous. Today we have 12 hours and 45 minutes of sun. The solar transit is at 12:25 pm and the length of time the moon will be visible will be 11 hours and 7 minutes.
The tidal coefficient today is 63 (average). At noon the tidal coefficient drops to 57 to end the day with a tidal coefficient of 53. The tide heights today are 1.1 m, 2.5 m, 0.4 m and 2.1 m. We can compare these levels with the maximum high tide recorded in the tide tables for North Goulburn Island which is of 2.8 m and a minimum height of 0.2 m.
The solunar fishing calendar in North Goulburn Island tells us that today is an average day for fishing, the fish activity forecast is average. Please, read more about solunar tables. The best times of day for fishing are:
Tide timetable for North Goulburn Island. The times are generated in local time in Northern Territory. You will also have the lunar phase, sunrise and sunset times, the tidal coefficient and the average fish activity forecast for each day according to the solunar tables:
[ 0 low activity ] , [ average activity ] , [ high activity ] , [ very high activity ]
NOTE: The times reflected in the tide table for North Goulburn Island are tide forecasts only valid as references for sport fishing. They shouldn't be used as a guide for navigation. The heights are expressed in meters.
NORTHERN TERRITORY: Tides for Burge Point | Tides for Camp Point | Tides for Cape Croker | Tides for Cape Don | Tides for Cape Grey | Tides for Cape Hotham | Tides for Centre Island | Tides for Daly River | Tides for Darwin | Tides for Entrance Island | Tides for Guluwuru Island | Tides for Gunyangara | Tides for Hopeful Bay | Tides for Jensen Bay | Tides for Mallison Island | Tides for Milner Bay | Tides for Newby Shoal | Tides for Night Cliff | Tides for North Goulburn Island | Tides for Nw Crocodile Island | Tides for Pearce Point | Tides for Rose River | Tides for Snake Bay | Tides for St. Asaph Bay | Tides for Tapa Bay | Tides for Turtle Point | Tides for Umbakumba
|2:20 am
|low tide
|( 1.1 m )
|8:10 am
|high tide
|( 2.5 m )
|3:05 pm
|low tide
|( 0.4 m )
|9:30 pm
|high tide
|( 2.1 m )
|coefficient 0h
|coefficient 12h
|Activity of the day
Major periods
from 3:54 am to 5:54 am and from 4:18 pm to 6:18 pm.
minor periods
from 9:52 am to 10:52 am and from 10:45 pm to 11:45 pm.
Waning Gibbous
Moon age: 19 days
Light: 81 %
|Southern Hemisphere
|Last Quarter Moon (3 days)
December 3, 2015 at 5:10 pm
|New Moon (11 days)
December 11, 2015 at 7:59 pm
|First Quarter Moon (19 days)
December 19, 2015 at 12:44 am
|Full Moon (25 days)
December 25, 2015 at 8:41 pm
|10:45 pm
|Lunar transit
|3:54 am
|9:52 am
|Duration of the moon
|11 h 7 m
|6:02 am
|12:25 pm
|6:47 pm
|Duration of the sun
|12 h 45 m
Earth - Sun
Angular diameter
Earth - Moon
Angular diameter


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Stephanie Grubb
Great topic! I left my corporate job last year (it felt wonderful) and will begin grad school in Arts Administration this Fall. I have spent the time in between volunteering and connecting with folks in the not-for-profit industry. While most of my friends and family think that I am crazy, I could not feel better and am more excited than ever to start a new career.


text: Researchers developed a glass that can tolerate high temperatures Posted by Eng. Amjad Qasem / Featured, Scientific Innovations German scientists have announced that they had manufactured a new type of transparent and thin glass that can tolerate very high temperatures, this type of glass has been developed at the Fraunhover Institute for surfaces and layers technology using layers of microscopic crystals, which is known as Nano Technology. Tagged With: cars, german, glass


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(A) When a facility is transitioned through award, temporary or permanent closing, or combined with an existing facility, or when there is a change in the BOA or operator status, there shall be a detailed stock and equipment inventory performed.
(B) The operator obligations:
(1) The outgoing and incoming operator or their designee assisted by BE shall complete the closing inventory for stock/supplies and BE equipment;
(2) The exiting operator shall relinquish the facility in a clean and operable condition;
(3) On the day of the closing inventory the exiting operator shall furnish to BE evidence of the purchase price for all stock/supplies for which the operators have not agreed upon price. The operator's failure to provide the evidence on the day of inventory shall result in zero credit being assigned to that inventory item. When BE takes charge of a facility pursuant to paragraph (D) of this rule, the operator shall have fourteen days from the date of the closing inventory to provide evidence of the purchase price for all stock/supplies. If not received by close of business on the fourteenth day, the operator shall receive zero credit for that inventory item(s);
(4) Submit the closing MOR and any outstanding inventory or other charges within thirty days of receipt of the closing inventory documentation from BE.
(C) The BE obligations:
(1) Schedule and notify the outgoing and the incoming operator of date and time of the closing stock and equipment inventory;
(2) Organize and represent BE at the stock and equipment inventory as described in paragraph (A) of this rule and complete and submit all closing inventory documentation. BE shall provide a copy of that day's physical inventory count within one business day signed by both operators;
(3) Assure the facility is transferred in an operable condition and provide the incoming and outgoing operator a current copy of the facility equipment inventory signed by the incoming and outgoing operators and BE;
(4) Complete a closing inspection noting facility and equipment condition and cleanliness signed by the incoming and outgoing operators and BE;
(5) Assure that an inventory form of that day's count and either a BOA/BTOA, have been signed by the operator for the facility the day of the closing inventory;
(6) Assure that the incoming operator receives copies of the detailed stock inventory, BOA/BTOA, and the administrative rules governing the BE program within fifteen calendar days of date closing inventory is conducted. This time may be extended when BE takes charge of a facility pursuant to paragraph (D) of this rule.
(D) Whenever BE must take charge of a facility, due to the suspension of the BOA or BTOA pursuant to paragraph (B) of rule 3304:1-21-09 of the Administrative Code, or the termination of the BOA or BTOA pursuant to paragraph (C) of rule 3304:1-21-09 or paragraph (A)(2) or (A)(3) of rule 3304:1-21-10 of the Administrative Code, BE may assume temporary custody of the cash on hand until such time as outstanding service charges and inventory adjustment charges due BE are resolved.
Effective: 01/01/2010
R.C. 119.032 review dates: 11/19/2014
Promulgated Under: 119.03
Statutory Authority: 3304.29(D)
Rule Amplifies: 3304.28, 3304.34


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At the turn of the 20th century, the Industrial Revolution brought about a great many series of changes that would prove to improve the quality of life for the average middle class American. However these rapid changes also brought amount much fear and uncertainty about the future.
As Henry Ford's automated production line made great strides in efficiency, the average factory could now produce an output 100 fold of what it could on human labor alone. While the line created a great many jobs, it also brought about questions of where the line would be drawn and if a day would ever come where production could completely replace and make obsolete the human worker.
Now in this new century, things are no different. Big corporations and multi national conglomerates are constantly seeking to seeking to increase efficiency, decrease costs, and as a result deflate the headcount of their workforce. While many have decried the all to ubiquitous practice of outsourcing domestic labor for cheaper overseas workers, just to add to the bottom line, the real threat is to the eventual reality that a paid live person will be completely unnecessary in the first place.
The good news is that a computer or robot will able to take over the menial and mind numbing jobs such as cleaning your carpets. The bad news is that you might not be able to afford carpets in the first place if you lose your job.
So what is the average worker to do, when faced with these facts? Should we now be afraid? Should we be pinching every last penny, or hoarding suitcases full of dollar bills in preparation for the inevitable layoffs that will follow the great robotic and artificial intelligence revolution?
The author Seth Godin argues that if you are simply doing a series of mundane tasks that you wait for a supervisor to assign to you, than you are replaceable, and as a rule you will be replaced as soon as the company can find someone (or something in terms of a machine) to do the job cheaper than you. Thus, Godin emphasizes, we must all become innovators and rely on our creative intelligence rather than our ability to just be 'hard workers' which really means direction-takers.
A computer can take millions of directions every second, at a blistering number of computations every moment that our mammalian brain could never possibly compete with. But what a computer has not been able to do yet is to invent something completely new, or pursue a really creative endeavor. This is where our edge still lies with the machines, and must be our thinking in future years to come unless we are willing to take the risk of going the way of the dinosaur or dodo bird and fading into a soon forgotten obsolesce.


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Why does my tape measure blade show boxes in red or black around some numbers?
Your interesting question has a simple answer. The marks all pertain to two very basic measurements: 16 inches on center and/or foot markings.
Studs, ceiling rafters, and floor joists are placed at 16 inches on center. For quick visibility, multiples of 16 (16, 32, 48, etc.) are normally marked on a tape measure with a number in red or a red box around the number as shown in the image to the right.
Foot markings (12, 24, 36, etc.) have black numbers, a black box around
the number, a black triangle at the top of the upper scale, or a black arrow that points to the upper and lower scales as shown in the image to the right. Again, the black box provides easy visibility but a contrast from the red stud markings.
Knowing why a tape measure has boxes around numbers is just one small part of using a tape measure effectively.
To really learn the ins and outs of reading a tape measure and to gain insights into choosing the best one for you, consider purchasing my award-winning article, "Learn How to Read and Choose a Tape Measure." This article received the 2008 Vaughan/National Association of Home and Workshop Writers (NAHWW) Golden Hammer Writing Award in the Internet Category.
Available in both .pdf and hard copy, this 8-page article features 21 color photographs and provides outstanding information about using a tape measure to its full potential and purchasing a quality tape measure.
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Assembled in the U.S., the EasyPoint ProTape has ergonomic rubber grips built into the case for a comfortable and secure grip. This tape measure has a 25-foot-long 1-inch blade, weighs just under 16 ounces, and features an easy-to-use thumb blade lock. Its large numbers don't require glasses to read and its lower scale is in 1/16-inch increments with printed fractions that start at 1/8 inch. An active bumper built into the case helps to prevent the tip from snapping off as it absorbs the shock from the tip after the blade
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2008 LAF/C.R.S., Inc. All rights reserved. Question answered by Leon A. Frechette.
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|Human hydration indices: acute and longitudinal reference values.
MedLine Citation:
|PMID: 20479488 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE
|It is difficult to describe hydration status and hydration extremes because fluid intakes and excretion patterns of free-living individuals are poorly documented and regulation of human water balance is complex and dynamic. This investigation provided reference values for euhydration (i.e., body mass, daily fluid intake, serum osmolality; M +/- SD); it also compared urinary indices in initial morning samples and 24-hr collections. Five observations of 59 healthy, active men (age 22 +/- 3 yr, body mass 75.1 +/- 7.9 kg) occurred during a 12-d period. Participants maintained detailed records of daily food and fluid intake and exercise. Results indicated that the mean total fluid intake in beverages, pure water, and solid foods was >2.1 L/24 hr (range 1.382-3.261, 95% confidence interval 0.970-3.778 L/24 hr); mean urine volume was >1.3 L/24 hr (0.875-2.250 and 0.675-3.000 L/24 hr); mean urine specific gravity was >1.018 (1.011-1.027 and 1.009-1.030); and mean urine color was > or = 4 (4-6 and 2-7). However, these men rarely (0-2% of measurements) achieved a urine specific gravity below 1.010 or color of 1. The first morning urine sample was more concentrated than the 24-h urine collection, likely because fluids were not consumed overnight. Furthermore, urine specific gravity and osmolality were strongly correlated (r2 = .81-.91, p < .001) in both morning and 24-hr collections. These findings provide euhydration reference values and hydration extremes for 7 commonly used indices in free-living, healthy, active men who were not exercising in a hot environment or training strenuously.
|Lawrence E Armstrong; Amy C Pumerantz; Kelly A Fiala; Melissa W Roti; Stavros A Kavouras; Douglas J Casa; Carl M Maresh
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Publication Detail:
|Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Detail:
|Title: International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism Volume: 20 ISSN: 1526-484X ISO Abbreviation: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab Publication Date: 2010 Apr
Date Detail:
|Created Date: 2010-05-18 Completed Date: 2010-06-22 Revised Date: -
Medline Journal Info:
|Nlm Unique ID: 100939812 Medline TA: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab Country: United States
Other Details:
|Languages: eng Pagination: 145-53 Citation Subset: IM
|Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Export Citation:
|APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex
|MeSH Terms
Body Water
Circadian Rhythm / physiology*
Dehydration / diagnosis, urine
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Osmolar Concentration
Reference Values
Specific Gravity
Urine / chemistry*
Urodynamics / physiology
Water-Electrolyte Balance / physiology*
Young Adult
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Effects of metered versus bolus water consumption on urine production and rehydration.
Next Document: Glycemic index and endurance performance.


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Inside This Issue - Opinion
Where have all the retailers gone? Where's the excitement? Where are the retail companies competitors fear, envy — and attempt to emulate?
The annual ranking of global supply chain leaders compiled by Gartner Inc., an advisory firm that provides technology-related insights to clients in a variety of fields, has been released.


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Designed by Taylor Franklin Hide, the LUMI Mask($70) is a sleep mask that helps you wake up on time with a gentle simulated sunrise lighting effect embedded in the mask. You just simply set the mask to the time you want to wake up, and the mask will gradually brighten as time approaches(light unit inside the mask simulates a sunrise 30 minutes before you wake).
"If your alarm is at 7 am, the light will gradually brighten beginning at 6:30. An audible alarm sounds at the end of the sunrise sequence, letting you know it's time to start the day. "
NEAT STUFF FROM The LIKECOOL STORE:


text:
Newspaper article THE JOURNAL RECORD
Corporation Commission
Article excerpt
(71417) NOTICE OF HEARING Cause CD No. 155,096 Before the Corporation Commission of the State of Oklahoma.
Applicant: Arkla Exploration Company. Relief Requested: Drilling And Spacing Units. Legal Description: Section 8, Township 6 North, Range 26 East, LeFlore County, Oklahoma.
THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA TO: Santa Fe Minerals, Inc., formerly Santa Fe-Andover Oil Company; Discovery Exploration Company; Santa Fe Minerals, a division of Santa Fe International Corporation; Kensington Energy Company; TXO Production Corp.; James McKenzie; Felix D. Bills; Berta Bills; Zimmerman Incorporated; Gib Knight; Daniel-Price Exploration Company; LeFlore Land, Cattle and Investment Company; Randel O. Grigsby; Karen A. Grigsby; Edward A. Harris, Trustee Under Agreement dated August 10, 1967; and all persons, owners, producers, operators, purchasers and takers of oil and gas, and all other interested persons, particularly in LeFlore County, Oklahoma; and if any of the above are deceased, their unknown heirs, executors, administrators, devisees, trustees and assigns.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Applicant in this Cause is requesting the following:
a. That the Corporation Commission enter an Order amending Order No. 116,792 to reflect the following separate common sources of supply may be found at the approximate depths indicated: Hartshorne (1,800d), Middle Atoka Sands (10,000d), Spiro (15,000d), Cromwell (15,500d) and Hunton (16,500d) as same underlie Section 8, Township 6 North, Range 26 East, LeFlore County, Oklahoma;
b. That the Corporation Commission enter an Order establishing 640-acre drilling and spacing units for the Alma, Fanshawe, Red Oak and Hartford separate common sources of supply underlying Section 8, Township 6 North, Range 26 East, LeFlore County, Oklahoma; and that said 640-acre units be formed by Section 8 with the permitted well location being anywhere in the unit not closer than 1,320 feet from the unit boundary. …


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Kent Talbert served as General Counsel of the U.S. Department of Education from 2006-2009. As General Counsel, Mr. Talbert served as the chief legal adviser to the Secretary of Education, providing advice on a broad range of legal and policy matters, including the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965, the drafting and implementation of regulations under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, and major education law cases pending before the Supreme Court of the United States and other appellate and federal trial courts. During his tenure as General Counsel, Mr. Talbert served as the Chief Regulatory Officer for the Department, overseeing all documents for publication in the Federal Register.
He has provided legal and strategic advice on the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008, the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), negotiated rulemaking, and higher education accreditation matters.
Prior to his service as General Counsel, Mr. Talbert served as the Department's Deputy General Counsel for Departmental and Legislative Service from 2001-2006. Before coming to the Department, Mr. Talbert served for over 12 years on House and Senate staff, both as Education Policy Counsel for the Committee on Education and the Workforce in the U.S. House of Representatives, and as a professional staff member of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources (now Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions) in the U.S. Senate.
Mr. Talbert is member of the Bars of the District of Columbia and South Carolina, and a member of the Alliance of Public Charter School Attorneys. He is admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court, the United States Court of Federal Claims, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, and all federal courts in South Carolina and Washington, DC.
- Erskine College B.A. History magna cum laude
- University of South Carolina School of Law J.D.
The Federalist Society takes no position on particular legal or public policy issues. The people listed as Experts have spoken or otherwise participated in Federalist Society events, publications, or multimedia presentations. A person's appearance on this list does not imply any other endorsement or relationship between the person and the Federalist Society. All expressions of opinion by an expert are those of the expert.
Engage Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2012
February 16, 2012
Engage, Volume 12, Issue 1
March 24, 2011


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Mother Jones has an article on how solar power is "edging into the mainstream" due to the great subsidies from several states, without needing any help from the federal government. There are some good statistics in the article: "the domestic PV market is growing as fast as 60 percent a year... 'The global installed capacity will hit a gigawatt this year'. ...thats barely more than two big coal-fired power plants. Still, its enough to encourage an industry: The world spent $20.3 billion on development of solar and wind power in 2003, one-sixth of the total global investment in power-generation equipment. ...'This is not a childrens crusade any more.' "
This is encouraging, but we should remember that investments in efficiency, while less "sexy," yield energy savings far above investments in any kind of power production. A gigawatt is actually not much power in our wasteful world, but if we push efficiency as far as we can, then a gigawatt of PV will be a big deal indeed.


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Little acts of random kindness are always a nice piece to pass around these days. They do not receive as much press, but here on 'Razzi, thet get top billing. Lead singer of the Foo Fighters, Dave Grohl, is making good on his offer to have beer with two formely trapped Australian miners. From the article,
"According to contactmusic.com, Grohl had sent a message to Todd Russell and Brant Webb when they were trapped in the mine saying, 'Two tickets to any Foos show, anywhere and two cold beers." Grohl sent the message on the 11th day of their ordeal, after learning that they had requested Foo Fighters' songs on an iPod to help them drown out the drilling sound as workers sought to rescue them.'"
"Grohl says: 'I was willing to foot the bill to have them come half way around the world just to hang out and have a beer, and then it turned out they couldn't come. I'm not having just one beer with those dudes. We're going for it. This is going to be a big night.'"
Nice to see some down-to-earth celebs following through. Seems like those two are in for a big night!
Thanks to Dana for the tip!
About Michael dEstriesMichael has been blogging since 2005 on issues such as sustainability, renewable energy, philanthropy, and healthy living. He regularly contributes to a slew of publications, as well as consulting with companies looking to make an impact using the web and social media. He lives in Ithaca, NY with his family on an apple farm.
View all posts by Michael dEstries →


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If you're thoroughly confused by now, and you think those of us with metabolic horses seem to sound iffy with a lot of variable information, that is because of that Gray Area word "metabolism".
Just like people have different metabolisms, so do horses. What works wonderfully on one horse can be a dismal failure on another.
What they all have in common is to keep the sugars and starches of the entire diet as low as possible. That means 99% of them get nothing but grass hay; some are ok with pasture time and a grazing muzzle, others are not.
Some can have a bit of alfalfa cubes mixed in while alfalfa is "founder in five minutes" for the next horse. My EMS horse gets one pound of timothy/alfalfa cubes and thrives on it BUT he is 25 and needs that extra protein/amino acids for his muscle health.
My IR horse is so founder sensitive, he isn't even allowed to smell the alfalfa cubes. I am such an anal idiot that I turn my back to him as I pass his stall with the soaked alfalfa cubes, to give to my 25 yr old. Once in awhile I even tell him not to breath
You do need to stay on top of your horse's hooves. For some reason, metabolic hooves tend to grow faster than normal hooves. My horses are trimmed every four weeks - everyone is barefoot - the foundered horse has been going out to pasture, since last March, wearing boots and Lily pads - every stinkin' rotten day. I wash those d**n boots with warm water and Dawn Dish soap every night to help prevent any hoof issues. The boots/pads don't go on his hooves until I have throughly picked & brushed them.
I mention the boots as that could be a solution in helping with the sore hooves but, only if someone is willing to learn how to properly put them on, then take them off every night. EasyCare's boots can't be left on more than 12 hours; my horse is out 8 - 10 hours every day then in a stall with 12 inches of limestone crush, grid mats, shavings on top of that.
If you decide on boots, PLEASE have a professional trimmer (or your vet) help size the horse. I would have messed up royally if I'd tried to figure that out by myself. Not only the wrong size boots but the wrong style for his hoof shape.
I know we are all throwing a lot at you, you may want to start a folder on your PC for all this information. Either save the link to this thread to it or copy/paste things into a word document, then save them. You can always print stuff off and use it for your bedtime reading - lol lol lol
I'm chuckling at that but the issue itself isn't funny. My 25 yo was diagnosed with EMS in May, 2007. I did not ride one time that year as I spent the rest of that year in front of this miserable computer researching until my eyeballs looked like road maps to anywhere the car needed an oil change after it got there
We are all trying to help save you some of that initial stress and at least point you in the right directions.
www.ecirhorse.com is one of them that would be beneficial to you
Mill Creek Veterinary Service - Fort Collins, CO talks about Equine Metabolic Syndrome, a/k/a Peripheral Cushings although I never did understand that comparison


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Cable Narrow Band Ring
- Sterling silver
- Ring, 6mm wide
- Shipping & Returns
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"There's a life rhythm within Cable," David Yurman says about the unifying element that runs through everything he creates. "Any place we use it, it's about bringing a certain life to the form." It started with the celebrated bracelet, and found its way into earrings, necklaces, and more. Sometimes, you'll find Cable in surprising places—the inside of a ring, the back of a pendant—where only you can see it
Traditionally, artists sign their work and David Yurman is no exception. Cable is his signature and the unique sculptural motif that identifies and unifies his body of work. With a simple twist he can turn ordinary wire into cable; a simple bend transforms ordinary cable into a bracelet. Sculpted into metal, the Cable design is reimagined to evoke a sculptural relief on cuff links, shirt studs, and more. These are modern classics with strong, timeless design elements.
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From the desk of: Keith Woolley
Date: Tuesday 20th May 2008
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For a long time Eric had been battling low energy and depression.
In his own words: My get-up-and-go had definitely got-up-and-gone!
For the past year I just went to work, came home, and went to sleep. My social life was totally non-existent.
One night on a journey from London to Newcastle (about a 6-hour journey), Eric had to stop 4 times for naps, making him over an hour late with his delivery.
"You have to be able to explain every minute of your trip when youre a lorry driver. I knew that night if I didnt get some help, I was either going to have a serious accident or I was going to lose my job."
But a year ago Eric discovered the incredible power of the stress-busting, 100% natural anti-depressant; Rhodiola Rosea.
Erics been taking Viridians Rhodiola Rosea for the last 12 months...
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This ode to the kaiser Franz Beckenbauer is an instant classic with the use of a compilation of trophies won by this legendary centre back creating a portrait of the man himself in a very stylish and colourful mosaic. The fit of the t-shirt is standard for an adidas top, true to size, maybe little baggier than some of the shirts, but that is because it is not a slim fit. Would highly recommend for anyone who is a fan of this great player, who was himself, like all of us, loyal to adidas. ... read more
Ignore that so called art director in the review, no one needs your credentials. Bought the jersey and man does it feel great! In my opinon the style is different, trim is great, love the button layout on the semi-collar, perfect fade touch across the chest of Colombia in yellow, don't know what others think but the armband of Colombia on the sleeves are sick! Excellent job on the jersey Adidas! ... read more
This is a fun piece of workout wear that held up beautifully during a challenging two hour session. Enough space and coverage to complete exercises without revealing any skin. Washes well. Maintained color and shape beautifully. In addition, its' super cute and unexpected for workout apparel. Its' one of my favorite pieces!!! ... read more
Another fantastic job for "Die Mannschaft" jacket done by Adidas. Great quality, nice color combo, traditional three stripes, and shining DFB badge with FOUR STARS... You never can go wrong with this. Simply stunning. Only (small) downside, if I have to be fair, is that this jacket is slightly bigger and looser than the previous Mannschaft jacket in blue released last year. But nonetheless, this is THE jacket you should have. You never regret it. ... read more
Amazing Jersey. Beautiful bright colors, logo and totally official. It's crazy wearing this and watching Messi play in the same one! I recommend this to any fans you'll love wearing it! AREGENTINA SOMOS TODOS! ... read more
I ordered this online with free shipping and it arrived in 4 days. Once I opened the package, I tried it on and it fit very well. Not too loose nor too long. The jersey has a nice look and was better than expected. Using the Size Chart helps too so I would recommend trying that if not sure what size to get. I would recommend this jersey to anyone! ... read more
I bought this shirt as a surprise present for my son. He was absolutely delighted with it and he put it on immediately. I can hardly get him to take it off to be washed. It is really good quality, made from lovely material and looks very well on him. I ordered a name to be printed on the back and this was done perfectly. ... read more
I had the chance to buy this overseas but I'm glad I didn't because it would have been more expensive than what I paid online at ADIDAS Australia. The added benefic was getting the 15% off when first sign up. All in all I'll recomend adidas to everyone and shopping online means you can see everything in one step. ... read more
Purchased this for the Women's World Cup in Canada in 2015, supporting my home team, Germany. The fabric is very light and feels great on the skin, thererfore making this perfect for exercising, too. The shirt is tailord for women, i.e. fitted around the waist but without being too long/tight (again, perfect for wearing during exercise). I am around 1.74m tall and usually wear a UK size 14-16 so went for a size L which fits me nicely with a bit of fit, whereas the XL size was just a touch too loose (lenght-wise, this would have been ok tough). The national flag on the neck is a nice little touch and with Germany having won two World Cups in the past, the two stars are proudly sitting above the chest badge. Looking forward to wearing this when exercising and putting the climacool fabric to the test. ... read more
I bought this Jersey for my 20th birthday and I can say that I am definitely in love with it as the price of it on the adidas website with shipping was more affordable then that of the official DFB (German national team website). The material used is soft and the stitching of the FIFA world champion badge is perfect and the four stars just added to the perfection of a great year for Germany. I actually had a players name put onto my shirt. which will be seen in the photo posted with this review ... read more
This is a great soccer jersey of my favorite team. It looks great and it fits great, but it is not cool. Having my upper body wrapped in a layer of polyester when it's 90°F and a dewpoint of 72°F is not the most comfortable experience I've ever had wearing clothes. This will be a great shirt to wear on cooler days in the spring or autumn, but save it for then because it's way too hot to wear in the summertime. At least in the Midwest. ... read more
Cannot fault the top quality of this kit. We have found though that the adidas youth kit is a tighter fit in 2014/15. I have also been told this by friends who have other adidas kit this season e.g. Chelsea, Real Madrid, Bayern. So if wearer is a little broader than average they may need a size up. ... read more
I've received many compliments on this jersey! It's cute, fresh, and unique. The fit is great and the colors are bright and vibrant just as displayed on the picture online. I can't wait to wear it this summer. ... read more
I purchased this for my 10 year old boy, who has recently become a soccer aficionado. He already owned the México Home Jersey, so we knew what to expect. He really loves his Adidas jerseys, as it is hard to make him take them off. They fit nicely, the colors are bright, they are light and easy to care for. ... read more
I love this jersey: the quality is superb, the fit is perfect (just a bit longer/larger than other recent Adidas offerings), and the graphics/embroidery is terrific. The fact that it commemorates the 2014 World Cup victory clinches the deal. If you are a supporter of Die Nationalmannschaft, then you need this jersey. ... read more
I love this jacket its totally the best track top they have since adidas became their primary kit sponsor .. I like the colors on the jacket its very nice to wear it but i didnt like the fact that there is lack of design on the back of the jacket .. theres alot of space and it would be nice if in the back there would be printing that said #unidosporunpais which is their slogan now or Colombia at least & Also the Adidas logo should be at the top left side Nd More colors should be made like Blue, Red, Black, White etc but overall i still love the jacket because its the best team : COLOMBIA ... read more
Wanted a Spain kit for some time now, and the price was amazing and so i jumped. You should too if this is something you have your eyes on. The only thing I do not like is the central adidas badge, but everything else about this shirt is just sublime! Thanks very much adidas! ... read more
I bought a kid 11/12, UK size for my nephew, and it was quite small. But the product is really good. Bear in mind you probably need a size bigger when ordering for kids. Customer service very good indeed! ... read more
I personally really like this jersey, it's of a high quality, the colours are great and the embossing around the badge is a really nice, classic touch. Only complaint is it was not available for printing! ... read more
All the badges and printing really good but I purchased a 9-10 yr for a just turned 7 year old normal sized child and it is smaller than his 7/8 yr old kits! I couldn't return it because of the printing and so had to purchase another, which was out of stock (not the first thing this year I have had trouble sourcing with adidas!) and had to search the internet and phone round for hours to source one, very disappointing. Be very careful to check the measurements rather than go by adidas age sizes as they are way off. ... read more
We purchased age 11/12 for our very slim 10 year old but it was much too short, though as he's skinny, it did fit his chest comfortably. However, Addidas were more than helpful in arranging a return and even honoured the discounted price when I bought the next size up. ... read more
Never dissapointed with the fit of Adidas soccer jerseys and this one for sure did not dissapoint! Good jersey to wear around casually or for sports. Planning to wear this to the office, but also for other sports than soccer like volleyball or running. ... read more
came better than expected, absolutely lovely! I LOVE IT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ... read more
This is truly a stunner. Great jacket, great color, and great design. Simple, classic, timeless. A must for any Deutschland fan. Fits true to size. Little bit of history for those are missing the stars, this is somewhat of a throwback jacket...from way before any stars were attached to the jerseys. ... read more
This is a must for every "Schlaaand" fan. Beautiful jersey and the four stars and world cup champions badge looks wonderful. The starts and DFB logo are glued not stiched, though look great and I have no worries about any quality issues here. The jersey itself runs fitted, which is the style of these jerseys now. I like it. I am 5'10, normal figure and the medium fits very well. If you support "Die Nationamannschaft" then don't think twice. Deutschland...Deutschland! ... read more


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The traditional studio film won't come out on video until at least 90 days after it's hit theaters, even if it stopped playing on most screens after only a few weeks. But a new agreement between Paramount and two major theater chains could cut that release time in half. [More]
Paramount To Share The Wealth With Theaters If They Let Movies Go To Home Video Early
New Monopoly Teaches Kids The Importance Of Xbox, Coca-Cola, McDonald's, and EA!
The folks at Hasbro have never had a problem letting everything from towns to universities to movies to big-name commercial brands slap their names on licensed versions of Monopoly, but a new version of the classic board game is unabashedly all about learning the value of today's biggest fast food, retail, tech, and entertainment companies — everything a growing child needs to get ahead! [More]
There Are Now 500 Paramount Movies Available To Rent On YouTube
We're not saying any of our fair readers have ever watched a two-hour movie in a series of 10-minute parts that shouldnt've have been posted to YouTube, but now there are even more options — YouTube will be adding around 500 Paramount films for rental on the site to its current lineup. All in one piece! [More]
Paramount And Redbox Buddy Up Against Rental-Delaying Studios
Paramount and Redbox hopped in bed together to assure renters that the studio's home video offerings will be in the rental kiosks the same day they go on sale. The move pits the studio squarely against Warner Bros., Universal and 20th Century Fox, all who have 28-day embargoes on companies renting out their stuff. [More]
Paramount Recalls Saving Private Ryan Blu-ray, Sending Out Replacements
For once, a recall that doesn't tell you a product was trying to trap your babies in crib rails, sicken your children with lead paint, catch your car on fire or poison you via over-the-counter medicine. Paramount announced the Saving Private Ryan Blu-ray that came out last week has some audio-syncing problems, so the studio issued a recall and will send out replacement discs, High-Def Digest reports. [More]
Now Is A Good Time To Stay Out Of The HD DVD/Blu-ray War
Those of you with PS3s notwithstanding, there has never been a better time to stay out of the format war between HD DVD and Blu-ray.


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Kleenex tissues (or other brands)
Black permanent marker
White ribbon
General Instructions
First take your lollipop and keep the wrapper on it and place a tissue over it.
Bundle the end of tissue but leave some of the lollipop stick be out.
Then take the white ribbon and tie a bow around the bottom of the tissue.
Decorate face like a ghost, with the marker
I was given one of these from a teacher I had and so I think it's a cool idea and am going to give to friends this year!
This idea submitted by Sarah (12) - thanks!
> Return to > Halloween Crafts
> Return to > Halloween Headquarters
> Submit > A Halloween Craft Idea - Email
This idea submitted by Sarah (12) - thanks!


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|Blurbero desde
|mayo de 2010
|marie dufour
|Mi sitio web
|Panama City, Panama
|Mi ocupación
|Retired health care professional
|Mi biografía
|After 30 years as a medical group administrator in France and the USA followed by a stint as clinical dietitian, I dove into the design and building of the 20-meter power catamaran DOMINO. Since the yacht's completion in 2009, JP and I have been cruising extensively and are on our way to the South Pacific. We like to share the world with our friends and family through art and stories. Follow our travels!
|Alerta del narrador ansioso: creo que mi próximo libro será sobre...
|Cruising Brazil


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Wild Atlantic Way
Posted by Carraig Gorm in Uncategorized on September 19, 2014
The Wild Atlantic Way which runs along the western seaboard of Ireland is a few hundred metres from Carraig Gorm and has been busy this year. Now it is quiet in spite of the early autumn sunshine. Carraig Gorm is quiet too so no dramatic posts are likely. One day we will get round to developing the blog – hopefully before the high season 2015. Now it is not a priority so this is to let visitors know we will cut off the facility for comments for the next few months.
Posted by Carraig Gorm in Uncategorized on March 20, 2014
Testing the spring sunshine to-day.
What to do
Posted by Carraig Gorm in Uncategorized on November 13, 2012
Winter View
Panoramic Views of Donegal Bay from Carraig Gorm
Front door
Posted by Carraig Gorm in Uncategorized on May 10, 2012
Blue door and inside a view of blue hills
Hello guests
Posted by Carraig Gorm in Uncategorized on April 22, 2012
If you are lucky enough to find us, we guarantee you won't regret it. Carraig Gorm is a self-catering home from home with stunning views of Donegal Bay on the north-west coast of Ireland. There are empty beaches for walking, surfing along the coast here. The hills are layers of blue and ideal for hikers. A golf course by the sea is in sight. Fishing, cycling, running or just idling the time away by an open fire. There's something for everyone.


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Tribeca and RES founders team for Tomorrow Unlimited
Tribeca Enterprises, parent company of the Tribeca Film Festival and Tribeca Cinemas, is partnering with some of the former heads of RES MEDIA group for a new venture, Tomorrow Unlimited LLC.
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text: Carmine Francis Ammirati, born on Sept 13, 1922, in Brooklyn NY died peacefully on August 6, 2013 in New London, Ct with his family at his side. He is survived by his wife of 60 years, Marion (Fazzese) Ammirati, and together made many personal sacrifices to raise five wonderful children, Greg, Elizabeth, Chris, Aileen, and Tom. He is also survived by his sister Marie (Dave) Trivelli, eleven grandchildren-who provided great joy, happiness, and laughter- many nieces, nephews, cousins, and friends. He is preceded in death by his parents Frank and Margaret Ammirati, and devoted brothers Carlo and Patrick Ammirati. Carmine committed his life to public service and to his country as a decorated WWII Veteran and Top Sergeant. He was a proud member of C Company's 307th Infantry Regiment and 77th Infantry Division serving in the Pacific Theatre. He spent 35 years in the Health Care Industry as an Executive Vice President and Secretary at Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield. He was also a founding member and key contributor to National Health Care reform. An avid animal lover, and champion of the underprivileged, He was also a long-time volunteer and supporter of NY's Covenant House, St Francis's Bread Line, and St Jude's Children's Hospital. Educated at St. Francis College and Notre Dame Law School, his guidance, good humor and conversations will be greatly missed. Halleluiah Nathan…remember the Patch. His family will receive friends Friday, August 9th from 11:30 am – 12: 30 pm at the Mystic Funeral Home Route 1 Mystic (51 Williams Ave.) followed by a funeral mass at 1:00 pm at St. Mary Church 95 Main St. Stonington. Burial will follow at St. Mary Cemetery Route 1 Stonington. In lieu of flowers, memorials in his name may be made to the charity of your choice or to Catholic Charities or St. Jude's Children's Hospital.


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The Author
- In Her Own Words by Lee Smith
- At Home in Appalachia an article by Jeanne McDonald
- Universal Truths interview published in Independent Weekly, March, 2010
- Writer Magazine Interview with Lee Smith (pdf file, April, 2009)
Lees new novel, Guests on Earth was published in October, 2013 by Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill.
Click Here for information on Barbara Bates Smith's new one-woman show On Agate Hill. Read the review or check out her schedule.
The Author


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20 apartments for rent near Regency Meadow, San Antonio, TX
Apartments in Regency Meadow, San Antonio, TX
Regency Meadow is a small residential neighborhood in San Antonio, within Bexar County. Just south of West Hausman Road and within a half-mile west of Interstate 10/U.S. Highway 87, this subdivision consists of just a few streets; these include Regency Trail, Regency Boulevard, Regency Wood, Regency Court, Regency Way, Regency Crest, and Regency Lane. The zip code for Regency Meadow is 78249.
The most prominent feature of the Regency Meadow neighborhood is its close proximity to the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). Established in 1969, this public university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs and serves roughly 30,000 students. Also known for athletics, UTSA offers 17 sports and is the only NCAA Division I University in the city.
Regency Meadow residents are no strangers to parkland, with several prominent parks situated within a few miles of the neighborhood. Fox Park is the closest to home, just outside of neighborhood bounds to the west, along West Hausman Road. A band of larger parks is situated within a few miles to the southwest. These include Bamberger Nature Park, Leon Creek Greenway Park, Nani Falcone Park, Rohde Park, and Schnabel Park. Clearly, finding options for outdoor recreation isn't an issue near Regency Meadow.
Shopping is also convenient for Regency Meadow residents, with two major retail centers within a few miles of home. To the southeast, along the interstate, is Fieta Trails. Among the shopping and dining options here are Office Max, Target, Marshall's, Chili's, Petco, and Outback Steakhouse. To the north, past the university, are The Shops at La Cantera. This retail center offers a Neiman Marcus, The Apple Store, Nordstrom, and Kona Grill. Six Flags Fiesta Texas, a popular local theme park, is situated just north of The Shops at La Cantera, a short drive from Regency Meadow.
- Hart Ranch
- Maverick Creek
- Babcock North
- Oakland Heights
- Hunter's Chase
- Woodridge
- College Park
- Country View Village
- Huntington Place
- Woods of Shavano


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Meet peturorn
Travelfish contributions by peturorn
The first number represents the total number of published reviews by peturorn. The bracketed figure is submitted reviews -- reviews may not be published for editorial reasons or may be removed because the property concerned has been delisted from Travelfish or has closed.
Life according to peturorn
Past travels
Future travels
peturorn's Instagram feed
The lowdown
Age: In the region of 19-29
Currently hanging out in: Iceland
Boy or girl: Male
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Travelfisher since: 28th November, 2013
Travelfish member #: 83,409
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|Pandora's Forest - Event 01/26/13 - Fondue Night
|Fondue Night
[All 8 Events List]
|Fondue night
|Crossville, TN
|SLS Liaison:
Pandora's Forest
URL: Pandora's Forest
|"Fondue Night"
Saturday January 26
Oui, oui, oui, oui!!! I am sure you like to "Fondue". Everyone that comes to Timberline will really enjoy this FUN Night!!! The definition is a French verb fondre ('to melt'). Timberline's definition and spelling of Fondue is a little different "Fond-do-in-it" is a natural Fun Act!!! That is exactly what we are going to do. At 8pm in Timberline's Night Club the Cheese Fondue will be melted and ready to tantalize your taste buds. Breads of all assortments will also be provided by Timberline and not only will your taste buds dance our one and only DJ "DKY" will step it up a notch, make you hot and melt your inhibitions away with the sexy tunes of the time. It is your job to melt the night away in whatever fashion you think will make you "Fond-of-do-in-it". Come join us and find out for yourself.
Play House and Hot Tub open 24
View the Fondue Night forum
|4 members are attending this event.
|Click Crossville Swingers to find local swingers
|Events listed above are provided for informational purposes only. SwingLifestyle.com does not control the venue or the events themselves, and cannot guarantee that the events will occur on the dates indicated above. Be sure to check with the specific venues for the latest updated information.


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Juan M. Pestana-Nascimento joined the UC Berkeley faculty in 1994 and is a professor of civil and environmental engineering. His research interests include constitutive modeling of soil behavior, geotechnical engineering, soil properties characterization, numerical modeling of soil-structure interaction, environmental geotechnics and geotechnical earthquake engineering. He received his Summa Cum Laude undergraduate degree from the Universidad Católica Andres Bello, Venezuela, and his Sc.D. at MIT in 1994. He has received numerous awards including the NSF CAREER Award, the Arthur Casagrande Award and Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers. Dr. Pestana has served as the Program Director of the Geoenvironmental Engineering and Geohazards Mitigation program of the CMS Division at the National Science Foundation and as Associate Principal for the Engineering Design firm Arup. He is currently the Group Leader of the Geoengineering Program in CEE at Berkeley.
Close to 300 UC Berkeley scholars share their perspectives on local, national and global issues.
The Berkeley Blog | About | Comment policies | Contact us | UC Berkeley | © 2015 UC Regents


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VIDEO: Dutchess must find answers to the jail conundrum
Build a new jail? Expand? Widen alternative programs for potential inmates?
Jul. 21, 2013
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VIDEO: Dutchess must find answers to the jail conundrum
Dutchess County may build more cells as a solution to its ballooning jail population, even though crime rates are down and arrests are up only slightly. Because the county has about 200 more
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Kenneth and Diane Wahl of Colonia have announced the engagement of their son, Jonathan Wahl, to Stephanie Kieran, daughter of William and Carole Kieran of Albany, NY.
Stephanie is a graduate of Colonie Central High School, SUNY Cortland with a bachelor's degree in Elementary Education, and Sage Graduate School with a master's degree in Special Education and Literacy. She is a reading specialist with the Schenectady City School District in NY.
Jonathan is a graduate of John F. Kennedy Memorial High School, and Stevens Institute of Technology with a bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering. He is an engineer at Knoll's Atomic Power Labs in NY.
Their wedding is planned for May 2014.