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If the idea of a liquid cleanse or more extreme plan for detoxifying has you avoiding the whole idea, know that there are many ways to promote cleansing and give your body a rest from overindulging in foods that may be difficult to digest or contain toxins you don't need. To whatever degree you focus on whole, natural, unprocessed foods, you are doing something good for yourself.
The following simple plan can work well for people who might be overwhelmed by the idea of adding too many new ingredients or exotic super-foods into their diet at once, as the majority of the foods included here are items you are probably already familiar with. This approach doesn't require you to stop eating solid foods, but shifts the focus to clean, natural foods that are the least likely to be irritants or allergens for most of us. Many people find they lose weight eating this way.
This plan can be followed for anywhere from a few days to several weeks, or longer, as it doesn't cut out any major food group:
Breakfast: Fruit smoothie using water, hemp protein powder (find this complete protein source in the form of 100% hemp powder with no additives or sugar added in your health food store), fruits (frozen organic are fine, berries are especially good and any creamy frozen fruit like bananas you freeze yourself or peaches in a bag will help thicken the drink), and shredded ginger to taste. A small amount of real vanilla flavoring can be added to taste, if you like.
Lunch: Raw vegetable salad. Should include dark green lettuces or spinach, seeds (either pumpkin or sunflower) a protein source (chicken breast, tuna, sardines, or beans) and a variety of vegetables. For example:
- various color peppers
- onions
- carrots
- celery
- radishes
- cucumbers
- shredded cabbage
- shredded beets
- avocado
Dinner: Lean protein source (fish, especially salmon, chicken breast, white meat turkey, or beans), leafy green vegetable(s) (kale, collards, chard, broccoli raabe, etc.), root vegetable (sweet potatoes, parsnips, rutabaga, beets, etc.)
- vegetables of any kind
- fruits (berries are excellent, citrus should be avoided because it's an allergen for some people)
- dip for veggies could include hummus or guacamole (to avoid dairy foods, stay away from any cream-based dips)
- seeds (raw pumpkin or sunflower)
- small amounts of nuts, assuming you know that you tolerate them well (almonds & walnuts are particularly good)
- Water
- Small amounts of 100% fruit juice w/ no sugar added and sparkling water.
- Green tea
Cleansing/Nutritional Supplements:
Two products I like very much-
- Flora brand Flor-Essence Gentle Detox cleansing tea, twice a day as instructed
- Vibrant Health brand 'Green Vibrance', once a day, as instructed.
- Red meat
- Dairy
- Grains
- Sugar
- Processed foods, in general
- Alcohol
- Caffeine
Other recommendations for facilitating cleansing:
In some studies, organic foods have been shown to contain more antioxidants and minerals. So, to the degree that you can use at least some organics, you may be increasing the nutritional value of your meals. You also won't be adding more chemicals to your system while you're trying to detox. Also consider:
- Bathing in Epsom salts every few days (2 cups per bath), which will help pull toxins out of your body.
- Dry brushing before you bathe/shower, using a body brush to gently stroke your skin from head to toe, is also helpful in this respect.
- Using a tongue scraper, a device for removing residue from the tongue and available in most drug stores.
- Switching from conventional deodorant/antiperspirant to a natural stone, which will eliminate the bacteria that cause odor but not block your pores. At the very least, give up your antiperspirant in favor of a deodorant. Antiperspirants are specifically designed to block your pores and prevent you from sweating, which is a key way your body releases the toxins you don't want to hold on to.
- Exercise, which is good for you in so many ways, will facilitate cleansing by activating your lymph system, another critically important means of helping our bodies detoxify.
- Drink at least eight glasses of good-quality water throughout the day.
- Try to avoid stressors. Control at least some amount of the information you are coming in contact with by eliminating or limiting TV shows, radio programs, internet surfing, or reading materials that might agitate you. Spend the extra time you'll have on relaxing, nurturing, soothing activities that you find enjoyable.


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The two men accused of robbing People's Bank & Trust Company March 20 have plead not guilty to multiple charges.
Christoper A. Priessman, 23 and Adam L. Morris, 24, were each indicted on the charges of theft by unlawful taking or disposition of property with a value of $5,000.
Priessman was also indicted on the charges of first-degree evading the police and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon.
Morris was additionally indicted on the charge of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon.
When the large building was practically built over night on Hwy. 127 S., everyone wondered what it was, but soon learned of a place called Countryside Bakery and Deli.
The store opened its doors in July 2010 and quickly became a local favorite with their large deli sandwiches, sarsaparilla sodas, pumpkin rolls, fresh breads and many items not found anywhere else.
Wilmer Stoltzfus, the store's owner, sadly announced last week that he and his family will close the Countryside's doors April 18.
When Commonwealth Attorney Jim Crawford began his workweek in Carrollton Monday, approximately 40 of his cases for the week would be heroin related.
At least half of those cases were expected to be dismissed after Gov. Steve Beshear signed the new heroin bill as emergency legislation March 25.
During one of the worst snow emergencies faced by Owen County in recent years, one of Owenton's crucial emergency vehicles sat useless at the side of the road 50 miles away in Burlington, Ky.
Owenton City Clerk Laura Aldridge was given permission by Owenton Mayor David "Milkweed" Wotier to take one of the cities two Humvees to the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport in Hebron, Ky. to pick up her son and his girlfriend.
While on her way to the airport, the Humvee ran out of gas in Burlington and had to be towed back to Owenton.
Jonesville's newest chicken farm, Egg Innovations, grew in population with the arrival of 25,000 chickens over the last couple of weeks.
The free range chickens will seek the pastures around May 1, after a brief period of getting use to the nesting and roosting areas in the over 500 foot long barn.
After the peak laying of 98 percent, the workers will collect approximately 19,000 eggs a day.
Local residents will not be able to get the all-organic eggs on site, but they will be sold at local Kroger stores in Kentucky.
The first phase of the $900,000 water main replacement project is expected to continue through May 29.
Kentucky American Water Manager of External and Governmental Affairs said the project was delayed following inclement weather in February.
The first phase is replacing water mains along South Main Street.
Lancho said the first phase will likely take the longest.
Following its completion, the second phase will go from Seminary to Blanton Street.
The Owen County School Board's newest member may have only attended his first meeting, but serving the school district seems to be in his blood.
With the swearing in of Craig Bowling, the school board gained it's third generation of Bowling members. Craig's father, Stuart, served for 18 years. His grandfather, Dr. Maurice Bowling whom Bowling middle school is named for served approximately 16 years.
"I believe my father started in 1969 and served until his death in 1985," Stuart Bowling said.
A quick reaction by the Owen County Sheriff's Department led to the arrest of two men only shortly after they allegedly robbed People's Bank Friday.
The incident occurred at the 101 N. Main St. location at approximately 2:20 p.m. Friday.
Peoples Bank & Trust Company President Todd Marston said a white male entered the bank with a demand letter, which was given to one of the bank's tellers.
The Owen County grand jury recently handed down the following indictments:
l Eric M. Stivers, 37, on the charges of first-degree possession of a controlled substance, possession of drug paraphernalia, operating motor vehicle while license suspended, failure of owner to maintain required insurance, improper registration plate, no Kentucky registration receipt, failure to wear seatbelt .
A tie-breaking vote approved an ordinance that raises the county's insurance license fee by two percent at the Owen County Fiscal Court's March 10 meeting.
The ordinance sets the fee at 7.5 percent, the rate the fee was set at when originally approved in 1990.
The original ordinance had been amended twice under two different administrations, once to 6.5 and again to 5.5 percent.
Copyright © 2015
The Owenton News-Herald is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Owen County and Owenton, KY, and the surrounding area.

subset: commoncrawl


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Latrobe plans to adjust waste rates
Latrobe council plans another rate change for fees at the waste transfer station at 696 Mission Road to even out fee-schedule problems whereby dumping more would mean paying less.
Council will consider allowing loads of trash up to 260 pounds at the base rate, which was increased at the Aug. 12 meeting from $8 to $12.
Because the scales measure in 20-pound increments, if the base rate were increased without upping the base amount, someone bringing in 220 or 240 pounds of trash would find it cheaper than the cost of the first 200 pounds, said city manager Alex Graziani.
The next fee increment, previously between 200 and 2,000 pounds, gives customers a pro-rated per pound fee of $97 per ton.
Graziani said the proposal would mean each pound above 260 will cost less than 5 cents.
Councilman Richard Jim said the math was still slightly off once the weight reached 1,980, which would come to $96.06, only about $1 difference from the $97 for a whole ton.
If council members approve the changes at their Sept. 9 meeting, the scales at the transfer station will need to be recalibrated, Graziani said.
In a related matter, Graziani noted that the city has received two bids for a five-year garbage contract from Advanced Disposal Services Solid Waste of PA Inc., and Republic Services.
The bids were tabulated in the city manager's report to council with Republic Services, the apparent low bidder with a first-year cost of $743,676, increasing over the five years to $822,878, for a total of $3,894,897.
Advanced Disposal had a first-year bid of $775,816, increasing over the five years to $838,619, with a total of $4,034,384.
The contract would be effective Jan. 1, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018.
Bids were rejected for a similar proposal in June, which included garbage collection and residential recycling.
Allied Waste Services of Scottdale, the city's current hauler, did not submit a bid as it did in June, Graziani said.
Compared to the current price and the proposed price for 2014, the city should see a slight savings, he said.
The contract will include use of 65-gallon recycling containers for single-stream processing, including cardboard and newspaper, as well as a 95-gallon container for trash.
All residents will either be able to use bags and stickers or, for an extra monthly fee, use the 95-gallon cart, Graziani said.
Jim asked if an option would be available for a smaller container, but Graziani and solicitor Jim Kelly agreed that the 95-gallon container was a part of the bid specifications.
Jim then asked if residents will be able to use their own smaller container.
"I would suggest anything that deviates from the norm is at a great price to the individual ... because we get the power-buying savings from locking in one size," Graziani said.Kelly said the operation could be affected by a smaller or different container, which would in turn affect the bid prices.
"They submit a bid based on their cost to remove the container and put it in their truck," he said.
Councilman Mike Skapura said if the city gave the option of a smaller container, they would have to be bought in bulk, losing the savings.
Graziani said before council considers the bids at the September meeting, a public hearing will be held for concerns related to the contract.
Stacey Federoff is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. She can be reached at 724-836-6660 or email@example.com.
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Originally posted by Kenshin
The Oscar class submarines are the fastest, deepest-diving and just possibly the most expensive submarine in the world. Known as the 'The Golden Whale' to Soviet sailors, the Oscar's are thought to achieve their very high speed by using an automated liquid-metal cooled reactor of advanced design
I'm Just looking at the info about the Oscar, and im pretty sure its the most expensive/advanced submarine in the world!
Originally posted by optimus fett
but am i right in thinking that the most powerful people in the world and the most highly vetted for their jobs are nuclear sub commanders?


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To ping or not to ping?
Saturday, August 4, 2007
New starters at Google invariably find themselves surrounded by new terms, acronyms and ways of conducting business – including using instant messenger as a regular form of communication. We favour using our own IM applications – Google Talk and Gmail Chat – over email to quickly "ping" each other work-related messages and questions. As well as being a fast and instant way to connect and get a reply, it helps bridge the gap between international offices.
With many Australian businesses using IM as a standard form of work communication, a whole range of new etiquette issues have arisen! (I find email etiquette easy to navigate in comparison to good IM manners).
Besides the easy-to-do accidental IM-ing disasters ("I pinged the wrong person!" is a common moan heard around the office), the instant, casual nature of instant messaging applications has brought with it a minefield of questions as to IM etiquette.
Straight from the Australian Googlers' mouths, here are a few tips you also might find useful from our office IM experiences.
1. The "I'm busy" sign. It generally means that the person is busy. Don't IM them to say "I know you're busy, but...".
2. Having a long/personal/meaningful message in the status bar. Remember that your co-workers will all see it. You might be the biggest Grey's Anatomy fan in the country, but having "McDreamy Is Mine" as your IM status might not go down so well with your boss.
3. If you're out of office, set your status to reflect your location. Those five seconds will be well spent when it means you won't get co-workers bugging you to attend training in the Sydney office – when you're actually in London that week.
4. Setting the status to "I'm so incredibly busy don't even think about IMing me". If you're really that busy, you should probably sign out!
5. Take advantage of the great features like the ability to set a "nickname" or "alias" instead of using the user's actual email address. For example, your friend's name/alias is "K007kid", you can just make it display as "Steve" on your end and stop those "who on earth is that again?" moments.
6. It's great to get instant attention and feedback from colleagues when matters are urgent, especially when dealing with colleagues in other countries and time zones. But if it's going to require you writing an essay, put it in an email.
7. Begin your chat with "Do you have minute?" or, "Need to ask you a quick question", rather than diving straight into the topic. Think of it like having a conversation with someone in person. If you wouldn't say it to their face, don't say it over IM.
8. IMing complicated questions to the person who sits behind you. Come on now. It's not that hard to just turn around.
To finish up, here is a heart-warming story of how one Googler used IM to (accidentally) find love. Remember it next time you ping the wrong person and wish there was a "Ctrl Z" function for IM. You never know where that random ping may lead!
"My would-be fiancé had started working in my office a few days before, and I'd added her as an IM contact. One day I sent a "funny" IM to an old friend, with an alphabetically similar name. I realised quickly that I'd sent it to her, and rereading it, I realised that it was something that really shouldn't be said to someone you've just met. It was pretty horrible. Unexpectedly, however, it ended up breaking the ice. That was four years ago, and we get married next September."
See more at the Google Talk blog.


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Hundreds of woody and herbaceous plants, mostly from tropical climates, are happy to grow and bloom indoors in pots or planters, where they add color, fragrance, and the rich greens of their leaves. They are happiest with humidity in the 50% range, which can be managed with water-retaining planters or a humidifier. Fact is, people are also happiest with some humidity -- another reason to enjoy plants indoors. Light requirements vary by species, but most houseplants get enough light in or near a south window.
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- Filed Under
All numbers are 607 area code unless specified
Sunday: Tioga County Trappers Association meeting, 7 p.m. at Tioga County Sportsmen's Association, Owego. Information: 687-2196 or 687-2986.
Monday: Square Deal Sportsmen, 7 p.m. at American Legion Post 1700, Endicott.
Tuesday: Chenango County Federation of Sportsmen's Clubs, 7 p.m. at Chenango County office building.
Tuesday: Tioga County Sportsmen's Association, 7 p.m. at club grounds in Owego.
Tuesday: Hallstead-Great Bend Rod & Gun Club, 7 p.m. at club grounds. Information: (570) 432-0101.
Wednesday: Broome County Beagle Club, 7 p.m. at clubhouse in Windsor. Information: Barry Hart, 775-3670.
Sunday: Rochester Sportsmen's Expo, Rochester Tech Park, 789 Elmsgrove Road, Rochester. Show hours: Friday noon-9 p.m.; Saturday 9 a.m.-7 p.m.; Sunday 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Information: rochestersportsmansexpo.com.
Sunday: Vegas Shoot, 9 a.m., at Mountain Trail Bowhunters, West Chenango Road, Castle Creek.
Sunday: Midstate Arms Collectors & Shooters Club, Oneonta Gun Show, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. at Holiday Inn, Rte. 23 Southside, Oneonta. Admission is $2. Information: Sandy Ackerman Klinger at 748-1010.
March 6-9: Western New York Outdoor Sports & Travel Expo, Events Center, Erie County Fairgrounds, South Park Ave., Hamburg. Show hours: Thursday-Friday noon-9 p.m.; Saturday 10 a.m.-8 p.m.; Sunday 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Information: www.eriepromoandexpo.com.
March 8: NYS Southern Tier Chapter of the National Wild Turkey Federation, Inc., Annual Hunter Heritage Banquet, 5 p.m. at Owego Treadway Inn. Tickets: $60 single membership; $90 couple; $35 J.A.K.E.S.; $280 sponsor membership with at deadline of March 1. Information: Larry Shutts 642-8609 or firstname.lastname@example.com; Paul Litynski 754-5058; Andrew Munson 722-0572; Daryall Sprague 775-2146.
March 13: NYS Southern Tier Chapter of the National Wild Turkey Federation, Inc. meeting, 7 p.m. at Dunkin Donuts, 216 Reynolds Road, Johnson City. Information: Daryall Sprague 775-2146 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
March 17: Broome County Federation of the Sportsmans Clubs Incorporated meeting, 7 p.m. at American Legion Post #1305, 820 Lower Stella Ireland Road, Binghamton. Information: Daryall Sprague 775-2146 or Bill Holmes 797-6670.
March 28-30: Big East Camping and Outdoor Sports Show, Turning Stone Resort, Verona. Show hours: Friday 2-8 p.m.; Saturday 10 a.m.-7 p.m.; Sunday 10 a.m.-4 p.m. Information: bigeastcamping outdoorshow.com.
April 12-13: Syracuse Gun Show, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Saturday and 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Sunday at NYS Fairgrounds, Baldwinsville. Presented by New York State Arms Collectors Assocation. Information: Sandy Ackerman Klinger at 748-1010, 1-6 p.m. weekdays.
March 23: Firearms course, 7:30 a.m. at Broome County Sportsmen's Association, Foley Road, Kirkwood. Pre-registration mandatory; call Rudy Hektor at 722-9533 on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday evening only between 7 and 9 p.m.
Bainbridge Sportsman's Association: Trapshooting, 9 a.m. third Sunday every month through Oct. Information: 967-2222.
Binghamton Gun Club: Sporting clays, skeet trap and 5-stand, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sunday and 2-9 p.m. Thursday.
Central Conservation Club: Trapshooting, 3 p.m. Tuesdays in South Montrose, Pa.
Greene Rod & Gun Club: Trap, skeet and 5-stand shooting, 9 a.m. first Sunday of the month and 9 a.m. Tuesdays. Information: 656-8430.
Hallstead-Great Bend Rod & Gun Club: Trapshooting, 6 p.m. Wednesdays in Hallstead, Pa.
Mountain Trail Bowhunters: Indoor winter leagues, Wednesdays and Fridays starting January. Lines at 6 and 8 p.m. Makeups available. Information: Andy McCormick at 621-3464.
Oxford Gun Club: Trapshooting 5-9 p.m. Thursdays and 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Saturdays. Information: Tom DeBrita, 244-1637.
Silver Lake Rod & Gun Club: Open trapshooting, 4:30 p.m. Fridays in Brackney, Pa.
Square Deal Sportsmen: Pistol shooting, first Sunday of each month through November at 9 a.m. Information: 727-7002.
Tioga County Sportmen's Association: Open shooting for skeet and trap, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Sundays.


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Micro-Raman and micro-transmission imaging experiments have been done on epitaxial graphene grown on the C- and Si-faces of on-axis 6H-SiC substrates. On the C-face it is shown that the SiC sublimation process results in the growth of long and isolated graphene ribbons (up to 600 μm) that are strain-relaxed and lightly p-type doped. In this case, combining the results of micro-Raman spectroscopy with micro-transmission measurements, we were able to ascertain that uniform monolayer ribbons were grown and found also Bernal stacked and misoriented bilayer ribbons. On the Si-face, the situation is completely different. A full graphene coverage of the SiC surface is achieved but anisotropic growth still occurs, because of the step-bunched SiC surface reconstruction. While in the middle of reconstructed terraces thin graphene stacks (up to 5 layers) are grown, thicker graphene stripes appear at step edges. In both the cases, the strong interaction between the graphene layers and the underlying SiC substrate induces a high compressive thermal strain and n-type doping.
Since the first report by C.V. Raman in 1928 [1,2], Raman spectroscopy has become increasingly popular in materials science and, especially, in semiconductor physics and microelectronics. Basically, Raman scattering probes the inelastic scattering of a monochromatic light (photons) by the lattice vibrations (phonons) in a solid. Since in a crystalline solid, the phonons are very sensitive to the internal and external perturbations, like doping and stress, the frequency of the scattered light (photons) is a local probe of the perturbation experienced (or not) by the medium. For a more detailed introduction and description of Raman and micro-Raman spectroscopy in materials science (and especially in semiconductors) please refer to [3-5].
Today numerous applications exist that cover the whole development of modern electronic and optoelectronic devices. They run from basic inspection of as-grown semiconductors to advanced device inspection tools. For instance, Raman mapping enables to check the crystalline quality [6,7], the composition [8,9], the doping level [10-13], or the uniformity of as-grown semiconductor materials. Along this line one on the most popular applications in microelectronics is strain measurements, either at the device or at the full wafer scale [9,14-17]. Raman measurements can also be used for final device inspection, through the temperature mapping of operating devices like FETs, lasers, and actuators [18-21]. In this case, thanks to the use of recent turnkey Raman systems, one can perform fast mapping with spatial resolution down to 300 nm. Combining with the use of several laser wavelengths, one can also probe the in-depth profile of multilayer systems and device. All together, these features confirm the unique versatiliy and potentialities of micro-Raman imaging in microelectronics. As a consequence, and because of its contactless and nondestructive nature, micro-Raman spectrosocopy (μRS) has become an attractive characterization tool in industrial clean-room facilities.
In this field, graphene is a new comer. Because of its outstanding electronic, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties [22-24] it can be considered as a promising candidate for future carbon-based electronics [25]. However, and because of the so-called Kohn anomaly (which is nothing but the failure of the usual adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer approximation in zero-gap semiconductors [26]) it is also a perfect example to illustrate all the applications of μRS that have been mentioned before. Raman spectroscopy on few layers graphene (FLG) not only can evaluate the crystalline quality but also, the thickness, the stacking order of graphene sheets, the doping level, and finally the residual strain.
In this study, we review some recent Raman imaging results collected on epitaxial graphene grown on the C- and Si-faces of 6H-SiC substrates [27-29]. In the first section, we briefly describe the growth techniques and the experimental set-up used for micro-Raman and micro-transmission imaging. In the second section, we discuss results collected on self-organized graphene ribbons grown on the C-face of 6H-SiC substrates and we show how thicknesses, stacking order, and a rough estimate of doping level can be obtained. Finally, in the third section, FLG grown on the Si-face are investigated and we show how the compressive stress experienced by such FLGs can be estimated.
Experimental details
Growth technology
All samples were grown using the processes described in [27-29]. We used 1 × 1 cm2 pieces of on-axis 6H-SiC substrates cut from, either, the Si-terminated (0001) face or the C-terminated face of 6H-SiC wafers. Before cutting, polishing was done by Novasic to get Epiready® morphology [30]. Then, a sacrificial oxide was thermally grown and chemically etched in HF to remove any trace of sub-surface damage from the polishing process. Finally, standard RCA treatments were done to remove any trace of surface contamination. All treatments were clean-room compatible and similar to the one used for SiC before thermal oxidation or post-implantation annealing. In this way, atomically flat surfaces were systematically obtained.
For sublimation, we used a high temperature furnace from Jipelec [31] previously dedicated to post-implantation annealing. It was rf-induction heated and fitted with a turbo-molecular pump. The vacuum limit reached in this way was 10-6 Torr. Before sublimation, the samples were heated at 1150°C for 10 min to remove any trace of native oxide. During the growth, the samples were covered by a graphite cap to increase the C and Si partial pressures over the SiC surface. Such graphite coverage lowers the Si out-diffusion process during the growth and enables to perform FLG growth at higher temperature. This promotes better SiC surface reconstruction.
In this way, on the C-face of 6H-SiC SiC substrates after 15 min annealing at 1700°C in a secondary vacuum, the growth of long (self-organized) graphene ribbons can be reached [27]. These ribbons are 5-μm wide and 150-μm long, but a longer 1700°C annealing results in longer ribbons (up to 600-μm) with the same width. The width does not depend on the annealing time because the ribbons fully occupy a single terrace of the heavily reconstructed (step-bunched) SiC surface [28].
On the Si-face, to increase the FLG anisotropy, a modified growth process was used. The growth was done at 1750°C for 20 min under argon with a graphite cap covering the sample [29]. In this way, a full graphene coverage was obtained with a similar (pronounced) step-like morphology of the SiC substrate. The average terrace width was again 5 -μm and the average step height 10 nm. Optical microscopy showed that the terraces had a remarkable homogeneity of width and orientation over a scale of 1 cm2.
Coupling micro-Raman spectroscopy with micro-transmission measurements
Raman spectra were collected at room temperature, using a Jobin-Yvon Horiba T64000 spectrometer operated in the confocal mode. The 514-nm line of an Ar-Kr ion laser was used for excitation. With a × 100 microscope objective, the spot diameter was about approximately 1 μm with, typically 1-mW power focussed on the sample. To combine micro-Raman spectroscopy with micro-transmission experiments, a low noise photodiode was inserted between the SiC substrate and the XYZ piezoelectric stage. For details, see [28]. In this way, it was possible to measure at the same time (using the same laser beam as probe) the power transmitted through the sample and the associated micro-Raman spectrum. The true FLG's spectra were obtained by subtracting the SiC reference signal from the experimental results.
The graphene extinction was deduced using the following equation:
in which T0 is the bare SiC transmittance value and T the modified one with epitaxial FLGs on top. From the work of Ref. [32] it can be expressed as:
In this equation, n = 2.68 is the SiC refractive index, N is the number of graphene layers, and σ is the optical conductivity of a single (isolated) graphene sheet that was confirmed experimentally [23]. The relative (theoretical) extinction of a monolayer and a bilayer graphene on top of a SiC substrate is then 1.23 and 2.44%, respectively.
Raman imaging of isolated graphene ribbons grown on the C-face
In Figure 1, we show the results of a large (20 × 100 μm2) map collected on two neighboring graphene ribbons. The step size was 0.5 μm for the X direction and 2 μm for the Y direction. Six individual maps are shown. The first one corresponds to the extinction values, the second one to the integrated intensity of the G band normalized to the HOPG peak. The third one gives the normalized integrated intensity of the 2D band, while the fourth and fifth ones give the shift of the G and 2D bands, respectively. Finally, the last one corresponds to the absolute value of the Fermi level computed from the previous results. Of course, because of the limited range of the XY piezostage (100 × 100 μm2) the two ribbons could not be completely probed. But a first point to be noticed is that, on both ribbons, no D band map could be given. This is shown in greater details in Figures 2 and 3 and demonstrates the excellent crystalline quality of these graphene samples.
Figure 1. 20 × 100 μm2 maps of two graphene ribbons grown on the C-face of 6H-SiC. The step sizes are 0.5 and 2 μm for the X- and Y-axes, respectively. The relative extinction, the normalized intensities, and Raman shifts of the G and 2D band are shown. The right (left) ribbon corresponds to a monolayer (bilayer) graphene. The absolute value of the Fermi level is evaluated from the ratio between the intensities of the 2D and G bands only for the monolayer. It corresponds to a doping level between 3 × 1012 and 9 × 1012 cm-2 with an average of 6 × 1012 cm-2.
Figure 2. Raman spectra of different ribbons: a monolayer, a misoriented bilayer, and a turbostratic multilayer with their corresponding relative extinction. A misoriented bilayer has a similar Raman spectrum than a monolayer with a twice intensity. The multilayer corresponds to eight graphene sheets that are all disoriented with respect to each other. Therefore, the single Lorentzian shape of the 2D band cannot be used as a proof to assert the monolayer character of a FLG sample.
Figure 3. Raman spectra of different area of the AB bilayer ribbon. One is extracted from the bottom, the second from the middle of the ribbon. The bottom part of the ribbon exhibits a double G peak that can correspond to a different doping level between the top and bottom graphene sheet.
Let us now consider everything more in detail. The first (extinction) map shows that both ribbons have an excellent thickness uniformity. However, and because the relative extinction is different, it shows also that the left one is thicker than the right one. Concerning the absolute values, from these extinction maps complemented by additional point by point measurements, we find that the thinner (right) ribbon corresponds with relative extinction values η ranging from 1.2 to 1.4%. This shows that we deal with a true epitaxial monolayer graphene (MLG) ribbon. To ascertain this result, a Raman spectrum collected at the center of ribbon is shown in Figure 2 (lower spectrum). It is clearly similar to the one reported in the literature [33] for monolayers graphene exfoliated on top of an oxidized silicon substrate and all spectra collected on the same ribbon exhibited the same Raman fingerprint.
Typically, the G band falls between 1583 and 1587 cm-1, with a FWHM of the order of 13 cm-1, while the 2D band ranges from 2682 to 2688 cm-1 with a FWHM around 25 cm-1. This means that the graphene ribbons are strain free, unlike epitaxial graphene grown on the Si-face of SiC. This is confirmed by the presence of wrinkles evidenced by AFM [27]. For such graphene monolayers, the absolute value of the Fermi level (and the doping level) can be extracted from the ratio IG/I2D between the integrated intensities of the G and 2D banda according to [34]:
In these equations, γep = 21 meV is proportional to the electron-phonon scattering rate [35], v0 = 106 ms-1 is the electron velocity. The 0.06 factor is deduced from the function f(rS) [34] by using the effective dielectric constant εeff = 5.33 for our graphene layer comprised between air and 6H SiC (ε6H-SiC = 9.66 [36]). The absolute value of the Fermi level was then evaluated for all data points collected on the right ribbon (see Figure 1), giving absolute values between 200 and 350 meV. It corresponds to a doping level between 3 × 1012 and 9 × 1012 cm-2 with an average of 6 × 1012 cm-2. We have not checked directly on the same ribbon but transport measurements performed on few similar ones [28] gave a hole concentration of 5 × 1012 cm-2. According to the work of [37] such concentration is also in excellent agreement with the G and 2D band positions.
Concerning the second ribbon (on the left side), as already said we found a twice larger relative extinction. Ranging from 2.6 to 2.8%, this indicates a bilayer system. The relative extinction and the G band intensity both indicate that this ribbon is a bilayer with an excellent thickness uniformity. On the contrary, the 2D band intensity map in Figure 1 reveals sharp variations. Basically, the ribbon can be divided into three different domains, the top and bottom part having a less intense 2D band intensity than the middle one. Since these variations are correlated with shifts of the 2D and G bands positions, we assume that there are some doping level fluctuations. Indeed, it has been recently demonstrated that the G Raman band depends strongly on its electrostatic environment [38,39]. If the top graphene sheet has a different doping level than the bottom one, the doping difference changes the Raman shift and intensity of the G band. It also breaks the inversion symmetry and activates antisymmetric modes (that are usually Raman inactive). This results in a splitting of the G band which was observed experimentally [40-42]. Our interpretation is strengthened by the two Raman spectra shown in Figure 3. In both cases, the 2D band exhibits the characteristic shape of AB (Bernal) stacking [33] but the G band is different. On the upper spectrum a single G peak is observed while on the lower one (collected in the bottom part of the ribbon) a clear G band splitting shows that both layers are not evenly doped.
Bernal stacking is not that usual for epitaxial graphene grown on the C-face of SiC substrates. Most of the time the graphene planes are slightly misoriented, corresponding to turbostratic stacking. In this work, we also found misoriented ribbons (not shown). The presence of rotational stacking faults between the two (or more) successive graphene planes results in Raman spectra similar to the monolayer one as shown in Figure 2. The line shape is not modified. Simply the intensity increases as the number of graphene layers increases. In Figure 2, we mentioned the relative extinction measured on these ribbons. We found 2.5 and 9.7% that corresponds, respectively, to a bilayer and a 7 or 8 misoriented layers stack. These spectra correspond to FLG where all graphene sheets are disoriented with respect to each other. Therefore, the fact that the 2D band has a single Lorentzian shape can definitively not be used as a proof to assert the monolayer character of FLG flakes. The combination of μRS with micro-transmission measurements appears then as a most necessary tool to discriminate (without any ambiguity) between true MLG and misoriented multilayers. Of course, to perform such reproducible intensity measurements, any laser power fluctuation has to be carefully corrected. In this work, this was done using an additional low noise photodiode that measured continuously the laser power during the Raman map acquisitions.
Coming back to the maps in Figure 1, some correlation exists between the extinction and the G band intensity. From this observation one could conclude that the G band intensity can be used to evaluate the number of graphene layers. This is not that simple. In Figure 4, we plot the normalized integrated intensities of the G and 2D band measured on many mono and bilayer graphene (not shown here) versus the corresponding extinction values. The theoretical extinctions values are indicated as vertical dashed lines. Despite the correlation existing between the G band intensity and the relative extinction, the scattering of the G band intensity is too large when compared to the difference between a mono- and bilayer. We can even find bilayers that has the same G band intensity than monolayers. Therefore, the G band intensity cannot be used as an absolute thickness measurement but rather as a first guess if the relative extinction cannot be measured. The relative extinction is indeed not measurable in several cases: (i) if no bare SiC exists on the sample (for instance as graphene fully covers the SiC surface), (ii) if impurities (dust) or metal contacts cover the graphene and/or the SiC. In this particular case, we can evaluate the thickness by assuming that the average G band normalized intensity of a monolayer is between 0.025 and 0.03. Beware that these values depend on the experimental configuration and must be calibrated. For thin FLG (¡5 layers) the error can be of 1 layer and, for thicker FLGs, the estimated thickness can have a factor two error. Unlike the G band, the 2D band intensity cannot be used to evaluate the thickness for several reasons. For monolayers, the 2D band intensity strongly depends on the Fermi Level [34]. We used this dependance to evaluate the absolute value of the doping in the monolayer ribbon. Moreover in Figure 4, we can clearly see that the 2D band of an AB bilayer is as intense as the one of a monolayer.
Figure 4. Plot of the normalized integrated intensities of the G and 2D band against the relative extinction for several mono- and bilayer graphene. The G and 2D band integrated intensities are normalized with the integrated intensities of an HOPG reference sample. Theoretical values of the relative extinction are indicated by two vertical dashed lines. A correlation exists between the G band intensity and the relative extinction. Two cloud of points can be easily distinguished between mono- and bilayers thanks to the relative extinction. The scattering of the G band intensity is too large to use it as an absolute thickness measurement. The 2D band scattering is even higher especially for bilayer. 2D band of AB bilayer is as intense as monolayers whereas misoriented bilayers are twice intense than a monolayer.
Raman imaging of FLG grown on the Si face
In Figure 5, we show a 30 × 40 μm2 micro-Raman map collected on an epitaxial graphene stack grown on the Si-face of a 6H-SiC substrate. The normalized integrated intensity of the G band is compared to its Raman shift and to an optical microscopy image (OM) of the same area. On the OM image, dark areas correspond to central part of the terraces, while the bright areas correspond to the edges of the step bunched SiC reconstructed surface. As already said, the terraces are 5 μm wide and 10 nm high and, from the G band intensity, we find that graphene covers all the SiC surface. It is then impossible to measure directly the relative extinction and (consequently) the FLG thickness. Of course, a thickness estimate can still be done from the G band intensity. We found about 5 layers in the center of terraces (green-blue areas in Figure 5) and about 11 layers on the stripes close to the edge of terraces. On these stripes, we could also distinguish some black points on the OM image. At these points, the G band intensity is much intense which suggests that they correspond to thick graphitic pits. The Raman spectra of these pits exhibit a strong D band, characteristic of a bad crystalline quality. Such pits are probably induced by an increased growth rate coming from the presence of structural defects, like threading dislocations, in the SiC wafer.
Figure 5. 30 × 40 μm2 optical image of the graphene surface and the corresponding Raman maps of the G band intensity and Raman shift. The intensity of the G band is integrated and normalized by the G band of an HOPG reference sample. A full graphene coverage of the surface is observed with thickness inhomogeneities. FLG are thicker at the step edges (about 11 layers) than in the middle of the terraces (about 5 layers). On the edges we can clearly observed stripes: bright areas on the OM image and red areas on the G band intensity map. On the OM image, we can also see black points that correspond to C-rich graphite pits induced by an increased growth rate due to the presence of crystalline defects. On the G band intensity map, blue points mark the presence of Si clusters where the Raman fingerprint of silicon was observed. Finally, the G band is shifted to higher frequencies indicating that FLG are compressively stressed. This stress is progressively relaxed as FLG are thicker.
In Figure 6, we gathered Raman spectra collected in the middle of the terraces and on the stripes. Unlike the graphitic pits, no D band can be observed. This shows that most of the grown FLG have an excellent crystalline quality. The 2D band are broad with a lower frequency shoulder. This shoulder is more pronounced for the thickest FLG which have a 2D band shape similar to the HOPG one. This asymmetric 2D band is a clear indication of Bernal stacking even for the thinner FLG where the low-frequency shoulder is known to become less visible [43].
Figure 6. Raman spectra collected in the middle of the terraces (5 to 6 layers) and on the stripes close to the step edges (11 layers). No D band can be observed confirming the excellent crystalline quality of these FLG. The asymmetric shape of the 2D band (that is more pronounced for the thicker FLG) reveals a Bernal stacking of the graphene planes. Finally, both bands are blue-shifted. Such shift can only be explained by a compressive strain of the graphene lattice coming from the differential dilatation during the cooling down of the sample. A partial strain relaxation occurs for thicker FLG since the thicker the less shifted.
These Raman spectra also reveal that both G and 2D bands are shifted to high frequencies. For the thinnest FLG the G band falls between 1590 and 1600 cm-1 and the 2D band between 2750 and 2760 cm-1. Such high blueshift cannot be explained by doping but rather by a compressive stress experienced by the FLGs. This stress comes from the differential dilatation coefficient between the FLG and the SiC substrate when cooling down the sample after the growth. Thanks to the Grüneisen parameters that have been recently measured [24,44], this biaxial stress/strain can be estimated from the coefficients listed in Table 1. We find strain values between -0.3 and -0.4%, corresponding to local stress values ranging from -3 and -5 GPa. However, for thicker FLGs, the G and 2D band are less shifted. This reveals a partial strain relaxation as the graphene thickness increases, which can be easily seen in Figures 5 and 6. The thicker the FLG, the less blue shifted the spectrum.
From these results, we confirm that there is a strong difference between graphene grown on the C-face and graphene grown on the Si-face of SiC substrates. On the Si-face graphene strongly interacts with the underlying SiC lattice. This interaction leads to the formation of the so-called buffer layer, which is covalently bound to the SiC lattice [45,46]. This buffer layer interacts also with the graphene layers that are grown subsequently. It induces a downward shift (ED = -0.4 eV) of the K point corresponding to a n-type doping. This interaction causes also deviations from the linear band dispersion leading to a parabolic dispersion with an apparent gap of approximately 0.25 eV. This strong interaction is also responsible for the thermal stress experienced by these graphene layers. This is no longer true on the C-face, on which it has been shown that graphene interacts very weakly with the underlying substrate [47,48]. It is the weakness of this interaction that explains why rotational stacking faults can easily occur and why the graphene sheets can relax the thermal stress by forming wrinkles or pleats.
Finally, on the G band intensity map we can see several points marked in blue. These blue points correspond to area where crystalline silicon clusters were found. One of the corresponding uncorrected Raman spectrum is shown in Figure 7. The presence of these crystalline silicon (c-Si) clusters is evidenced by the sharp and intense band around 532 cm-1 blue shifted compared to bulk silicon. This high blue shift is again due to a strong compressive stress induced by the SiC substrate (-2 GPa or a strain of -1.3%). First-order Raman scattering of the SiC substrate-1 and the corresponds to the two TO modes of E2 symmetry at 764 and 786 cm-1 and the A1(LO) phonon at 964 cm-1. Its second overtone with its characteristic fingerprint [49] falls between 1400 and 2000 cm-1 under the sharp G band of FLG around 1590 cm-1. The 2D band is around 2780 cm-1. No D band can be seen on these points. Moreover, we can see that no significant variations of the G band intensity and Raman shift can be observed close to these Si clusters. This means that these Si clusters do not alter the graphene growth. These clusters are located close to the step edges, like the graphitic pits. There might be a link between the presence of different defects at the step edges like these clusters, the higher growth rate and the clear electrical anisotropy that has been evidenced by magnetoresistance experiments performed on several Hall bars with different orientations [29].
Figure 7. Uncorrected Raman spectrum extracted from the Raman mapping that corresponds to one of the blue point in the G band intensity map. The first-order Raman scattering of SiC correspond to the bands at 764, 786, and 964 cm-1. Its second overtone falls between 1400 and 2000 cm-1 with the sharp G band around 1590 cm-1. The 2D band is around 2780 cm-1. No D band can be seen on this point. The sharp and intense band around 532 cm-1 correspond to a crystalline Si cluster that is highly compressively stressed by the SiC substrate.
Reviewing recent Raman imaging experiments performed on epitaxial graphene grown on the C and Si face of 6H SiC substrates, we have shown the benefits of combining Raman spectroscopy with micro-transmissions measurements. Provided the relative extinction of FLGs can be obtained, this enables to determine (without any ambiguity) the thickness, homogeneity, and stacking order (Bernal or turbostratic) of FLGs. On the C-face of SiC substrates we have shown that long, self-ordered, graphene ribbons can be grown. These ribbons have excellent crystalline quality and are strain relaxed. They are up to 600-μm long and 5-μm wide. They are mainly monolayers and Bernal stacked bilayers but turbostratic bi and multilayer areas have also been found. Finally for monolayers graphene, we also illustrated how the absolute value of the Fermi level can be found, in good agreement with electrical results.
On the Si face, on the opposite, a full graphene coverage of the SiC surface has been found. The surface is still heavily step-bunched but a high compressive thermal strain and n-type doping has been observed. It confirms that on the Si face a strong interaction exists between the graphene layers and the underlying SiC substrate. FLG on the Si-face exhibits Bernal stacking with thickness inhomogeneity. Thin (5 layers) FLGs were grown in the middle of terraces, while thicker graphene stripes grew close to the step edges. In the vicinity of these steps disordered graphite pits and crystalline Si clusters were found. There might be a link between the presence of these defects, the thickness inhomogeneity and the clear electrical anisotropy that has been recently evidenced by magnetoresistance experiments.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
NC and PG prepared the samples. AT carried out the micro Raman spectroscopy and microtransmission experiments. AT and JC performed the analysis of the Raman and transmission data. AT wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We greatly acknowledge for partial support the EC through the RTN "ManSiC" Project (Grant MRTN-CT-2006-035735) and the French ANR through the Graph-SiC Project (Grant No. ANR-07-Blanc-0161). Finally, one of us (N.C.) acknowledges the Spanish Government for a Grant "Juan de la Cierva 2006" during his stay in Barcelona.
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text: 2008 MLB Thread Mar 31, 2008 7:40:25 GMT -5 Quote Select PostDeselect PostLink to PostBack to Top Post by kchoya on Mar 31, 2008 7:40:25 GMT -5 Surprised there were posts yet. How about those Nats? Wonderful looking stadium and what a way to open the park! But where was the crowd? The outfield section where Zimmerman hit his home run was less than half full. If you're leaving early from a 2-2 game on opening day of a new ballpark, you're pathetic.Here's to hoping the Royals finish above .500! Yeah mediocrity!


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Stone Cold calls Sony
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Description: Stone Cold Steve Austin's phone harassment continues with this call to Sony.
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On attributing his success to Scientology:
"I have respect for what other people believe. What I believe in my own life is that it's a search for how I can do things better, whether it's being a better man or a better father or finding ways for myself to improve. Individuals have to decide what is true and real for them. I'm fortunate in the life I have."
© 2015 Whalerock Industries


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A soft , lightweight 100% Italian silk crepe shift
Three quarter length sleeved tailored dress which looks fabulous for day with cashmere tights or bare legs in the summer months. Fabulous in the evening too with patent mid heels. Can be worn styled simply , or cheekily accessorized with a neat Pill Box hat for an event.
The fit of this dress is oustanding, it skims the body, with the lightness and perfection of the cut and beautiful weighty silk crepe which has to be worn to be appreciated fully. The coloiur is divine. It is very difficult to translate the depth and beauty of this fabric with a photograph.
This classic dress is individually tailor made in London in Italian silk crepe, and executes a simple perfection which will last for seasons.
The silk collar is made from a vintage weave clotted cream silk. the collar is bound with black cotton to give a sporty edge.
A simple invisible side zip for dressing.
And fabulous neat keyhole detail at the back neck, to ensure there are no make up marks.
Black Acetate lining.
Dry Clean Only.
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Hill a candidate for Senior CLASS Award
Nov. 1, 2012
OVERLAND PARK, Kan. - Sixty NCAA® men's and women's basketball student-athletes who excel both on and off the court were selected as candidates today for the 2012-13 Senior CLASS Award® in collegiate basketball. To be eligible for the award, a student-athlete must be classified as an NCAA Division I senior and have notable achievements in four areas of excellence - community, classroom, character and competition. Among the candidates is senior guard Tayler Hill.
An acronym for Celebrating Loyalty and Achievement for Staying in School ®, the Senior CLASS Award focuses on the total student-athlete and encourages students to use their platform in athletics to make a positive impact as leaders in their communities.
The 2012-13 candidate classes include seven men's players and seven women's players who were recognized by the College Sports Information Directors of America as 2012 Capital One Academic All-Americans. Five men and 10 women were Associated Press All-Americans. Twenty men's candidates and 18 women's candidates have cumulative grade point averages above 3.0. The men's Senior CLASS Award winner will be announced during the 2013 NCAA Final Four® in Atlanta April 6 and 8, while the women's winner will be announced during the NCAA Women's Final Four® in New Orleans April 7 and 9.
The candidate classes will be narrowed to 10 men's and 10 women's finalists midway through the regular season, and those names will be placed on the official ballot. Ballots will be distributed through a nationwide voting system to media, coaches and fans, who will select one men's finalist and one women's finalist who best exemplifies excellence in the four Cs of community, classroom, character and competition.
For more information on all the candidates, visit www.seniorCLASSaward.com.
# # # #
Women's Candidates
Men's Candidates
God'sgift Achiuwa, St. John's (N.Y.)
O.D. Anosike, Siena
Ben Averkamp, Loyola (Chicago)
Brian Barbour, Columbia
Jared Berggren, Wisconsin
Isaiah Canaan, Murray State
Drew Crawford, Northwestern
Matthew Dellavedova, Saint Mary's
Tim Frazier, Penn State
Mike Groselle, The Citadel
C.J. Harris, Wake Forest
Jordan Hulls, Indiana
Gabe Knutson, Lehigh
JP Kuhlman, Davidson
Andrew Lawrence, Charleston
Jonathan Lee, Northeastern
Scott Martin, Notre Dame
C.J. McCollum, Lehigh
Brock Motum, Washington State
Mike Muscala, Bucknell
Robert Olson, Loyola (Maryland)
Brandon Paul, Illinois
Mason Plumlee, Duke
Colt Ryan, Evansville
Peyton Siva, Louisville
Andrew Smith, Butler
Michael Snaer, Florida State
Marc Trasolini, Santa Clara
Jeff Withey, Kansas
Nate Wolters, South Dakota State


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Your choice of research problem may determine the course of your career, so choose carefully.
Finding a job in 2009 will take a perfect plan, perseverance, and a positive attitude.
Recently nominated as the best young scientist in Hungary, chemistry Ph.D. student Imre Miklós Szilágyi has been striving to succeed with the desire to glorify God.
Tertiary academic institutions provide a setting where would-be scientists can hone cutting-edge technical skills and push theoretical boundaries.
A Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office feature.
Enter keywords, locations or job types to start searching for your new science career
Opening a free account lets you utilize all the tools you'll need for a successful job search including:
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- Filed Under
Regional Final: Cedarburg 4, Springs 3
The season came to a bitter end for the St. Mary's Springs hockey team Friday night, as the Ledgers third-period rally came up short in a 4-3 loss to Cedarburg in regional final action at Ozaukee Ice Center.
With their goalie pulled, the Ledgers put two shots on goal in the final seconds in a scrum in front of the net, but couldn't get one through to send the game into overtime. ...


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This content has been marked as final. Show 1 reply
1. Re: Oracle Clinical Forms Serversgalaxy Jan 1, 2007 12:46 PM (in response to 523368)Hi ,
Yes , if you install on these either the web-versioned Forms 9i or upper or Forms6i (client-server) release....
Is there a way to run the forms server on local computers
Installing Forms 9i or upper version you have to run the OC4J Instance first....
Yes. Some months ago , the Oracle XE(Express Edition) has been released (it's free) which can be installed locally and of course can be configured to replicate the data to the master.....
then replicate the local databases to the master?


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To find a doctor, call 800-667-5356 or click below:
Find a Doctor
Request an Appointment
En Español (Spanish Version)
If you are an outdoor athlete, spring weather may mean that it is time to start taking sun protection more seriously. Even though the temperature may be struggling to reach 50°F (10°C), the sun can still wreak havoc on your skin.
With a few simple strategies, you can enjoy all of the benefits of exercising outdoors without sacrificing your skin, your health, or your athletic prowess.
Most skin cancers are preventable and the majority are curable, if detected early.
The Skin Cancer Foundation recommends checking your own skin once a month. They also recommend seeing your doctor once a year for a professional skin exam.
The main risk factors include having:
Anyone can get skin cancer, even those with darker skin. Greater amounts of melanin in the skin provide natural protection. However, family history, ethnicity, and skin cancers that aren't caused by UV exposure can still put darker-skinned people at risk. For example, darker-skinned people are more likely to get a type of skin cancer that affects the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Fortunately, there are steps you can take to protect your skin.
There are a number of other factors that increase the sun's UV radiation, including: .
If, despite your best intentions, you discover your skin is starting to turn a painful shade of red, follow these recommendations:
Last reviewed March 2015 by Michael Woods, MD
All EBSCO Publishing proprietary, consumer health and medical information found on this site is accredited by URAC. URAC's Health Web Site Accreditation Program requires compliance with 53 rigorous standards of quality and accountability, verified by independent audits. To send comments or feedback to our Editorial Team regarding the content please email us at
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
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ABA Owes Members Some Explanation of its Role in IRS "Announcement"
The American Bar Association (ABA) is an interesting organization, at least for a Republican and card-carrying member of the Federalist Society. There are not many of us in the ranks. At least not public about it.
During the course of the last few years I've had the opportunity to meet many a great legal practitioner at ABA-sponsored events. But when it comes to politics, forget about it. Some sections are more balanced than others; however, the leadership of this organization is mostly controlled by liberal Democrats.
When I heard that an IRS official apologized at an ABA conference for her department targeting conservatives, my political gut told me something was not right. I kept my counsel. Why make such an important announcement at some poorly attended legal tax conference? However, late last week we learned that the whole exercise may have been staged with the help of a veteran tax lawyer. The lawyer, Celia Roady, claims she did not know.
Should I quit and stop sending them my money? No. The organization is too big and complex to taint all of it with a liberal bias. And as I said earlier, there are some great sections (such as the Export Controls and Sanctions Committee or the National Security Law Section) with an army of smart practitioners that really enjoy the trade. But someone over there in a position of authority should say something about this recent matter.
The Chicago, Illinois headquartered organization may have been doing a favor to the Obama Administration. Maybe not. But they sure as heck owe its members an explanation as to their role in this matter. I doubt we will hear a thing from this group. Expect political tumbleweed.
After more than two decades in the region, and in the political as well as legal business, you learn that this place is no different than Anywhere, America. They may try a make it look complicated, but it is not. It is a capital city just like any other but uniquely American. It has always been this way and always will be.
Retire the US Federal Debt
Reforming the federal regulatory system and retiring the federal debt are the two most important policy issues of our lifetime. Visit USADebtClock.com to learn more about how your tax dollars are wasted by an out of control federal regulatory state!
- Loading tweets ...
- Follow @jasonpoblete on twitter.
Buzz Around Town
"While Poblete and I sit on the opposite ends of the political spectrum, I admire him for one thing he constantly discusses which is that there are market solutions to problems and issues. He points to business solutions for a variety of issues and US companies engaging in local CSR development in foreign countries sounds like one, to me, that benefits both the company involved and the US in general," Tom Fox, Esq., FCPA Compliance and Ethics Blog.
"Attorney and Cuban-American, Jason Poblete, has posted a great response from Santa and his legal staff," Alberto de La Cruz, Babalu Blog.
"Jason is a highly efficient and proven operative with a unique capacity to leverage his vast networks of national influencers as well as his knowledge of the judicial system for the benefit of his clients. If you are facing a major policy/regulatory battle you want him in your corner," Javier Cuebas, American Foreign Service Association.
"Jason is extremely knowledgeable and thorough. He puts a lot of effort into keeping up to date with the latest developments in international relations and regulations, with an eye toward helping clients take full advantage of trends and opportunities. He is on top of the details and is thoroughly professional. Jason would be my first choice in his field," John Elledge III, Harrisonburg, Virginia, John Elledge & Assoc PC.
Sanctions Expert Jason Poblete Warns Against Cuba 'Irrational Exuberance,' Wall Street Journal Risk & Compliance Blog.
US Need 'Sanctions Plus' on Russian Bear, CNBC Squawk Box.
The following piece by Jason Poblete, "U.S. export control reform: a view from across the pond,"was recently published in the World Export Controls Review journal WorldECR.
"It's political kabuki and I'm not sure it [the Cuban Government] can hold together for another five years," said Jason Poblete, a Cuban-American attorney in Washington and an outspoken critic of the Castro regime, The Miami Herald.
"The Democrats say that every four years, and its nonsense," Jason Poblete, a lawyer who formerly worked for the Republican National Committee, told The Daily Caller.
Virginia Outposts
- Bacon's Rebellion
- Bearing Drift
- Cathouse Chat
- Deo Vindice
- Fairfax Free Citizen
- Family Foundation
- Fauquier Free Citizen
- Jefferson's Policy Journal
- Jeffersoniad
- Kate Obenshain
- Liberty Zone
- Paris Barns Virginia
- Red NoVA
- Renaissance Ruminations
- Republican Party of Virginia
- Retire Jim Moran
- RightsideVA
- Shaun Kenney
- Skeptical Observor
- SouthsideCentral Virginia
- StrictlyVA
- SWAC Girl
- The Labiosa Report
- The Liberty Zone
- The Virginia Gentelman
- Virginia Conservative
- Virginia GOP Caucus
- Virginia Property Rights Coalition
- Virginia Right
- Virginia Virtucon
- Western Banks of the Shenandoah


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Cipd Correspondence Courses
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Get Started with Scribus
From Scribus Wiki
Get Started With Scribus 2006
- What Can You Do With Scribus
- Scribus And Its Sisters
- Empty, White Spaces
- Cover Page
- Working With Layers On A Page
- Design Multiple Pages
- Create Final Page Layouts
- Design With Graphics And
- Set Fire With SVG Graphics
- Publishing Demands Freedom.PDF.
- Travel At The Speed Of Scribus
- Contributors
- GNU Free Documentation Licence
The following beginner's tutorial on publication design is based on Get Started With Scribus by Niyam Bhushan which has been published in April 2004. In July 2006, a bunch of experienced Scribus users and Scribus Wiki authors (contributors, as we call ourselves) decided to refurbish and extend the old tutorial, and keep it up to date with the current development of Scribus. While we intend to keep to the original spirit of Niyam's tutorial, this work isn't going to be its mere continuation, but will finally go its own way regarding contents and concepts.
The original files (dated 2004) may be downloaded from linux-delhi.org:
- Get Started With Scribus – the original tutorial as OpenOffice and PDF files
- [FreedomYug] – a sample magazine designed in Scribus 1.16
- [Screen shots] – screen shots used to create the original tutorial


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There were more sightings early Thursday of a peeping tom who has been plaguing a central Kentucky neighborhood.
Lexington Police received at least two calls of the man looking into the windows of homes along West Short Street and 2nd Street.
Some people living along West Short Street say they're doing everything they can to deter the man, whom they say rides up on his bike and peers in windows. Some people have even boarded up their bottom-floor windows.
"I constantly get up and lookout my shades at night thinking he's there," explained Shirley Johnson, who hasn't been victimized, but knows neighbors that have been.
Johnson says in addition to the motion-detecting security light on the front of her apartment building, she keeps her shades drawn tightly.
"Constantly keeping the windows locked, making sure the doors are locked," Johnson explained. She's hoping to deter the peeping tom as much as possible.
Police say they are stepping up patrols in the area.
Witnesses have described the man as a black man on a white bike, wearing thick, dark-rimmed glasses and a beanie.


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SAN JACINTO, Calif. (AP) - Forty dairy cows are dead after the restless animals shifted the weight in a trailer and toppled a big-rig at an intersection in Southern California.
The Riverside Press-Enterprise says 110 cows survived the Friday accident that shut down a San Jacinto intersection for six hours.
The big-rig was hauling cows to a desert dairy in Brawley from a San Jacinto dairy.
Investigators say the tractor-trailer rig was making a left turn from the eastbound Ramona Expressway to northbound Sanderson Avenue it overturned.
Riverside County sheriff's investigators say the movement of cows inside the trailer as the truck attempted to turn appears to have caused the truck to overturn.
Copyright 2015 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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2010 ICCL Human Rights Film Awards Shortlistee. Entrant: Dearbhla Glynn (Director)
This short documentary by Dearbhla Glynn brings us to the Gaza Strip following Operation Cast Lead in late 2008/ early 2009. It offers a personal insight into the day-to-day living conditions faced by the Gaza Strip's 1.5 million conflict-stricken inhabitants.
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Robots Fashion Hands Out of Coffee Grounds, Party Balloons
The robotic gripper developed by researchers from iRobot Corp., Cornell, and the University of Chicago isn't exactly the human hand-like contraption you might expect from something that can delicately pick up a water-filled glass. Instead, the so-called "universal gripper" looks more a boxing glove or a beanbag.
The gripper, which is actually just a party balloon filled with ground coffee, conforms around an object to pick it up. A vacuum sucks the air out of the balloon, tightening the gripper's hold. Releasing the vacuum, in turn, triggers the gripper to loosen its hold on the object. The mechanism is so versatile that it can pick up items as tiny as M&M's.
Hod Lipson, Cornell associate professor of mechanical engineering and computer science, explained in a statement, "The ground coffee grains are like lots of small gears. When they are not pressed together they can roll over each other and flow. When they are pressed together just a little bit, the teeth interlock, and they become solid." Any particulate matter that jams well can be used in theory; the researchers chose coffee after experimenting with ground-up tires, rice, and couscous.
Unlike complicated hand-like grippers, the balloon and coffee gripper is simple enough that it can quickly go into manufacturing. And once that happens, it could be used in prosthetic limbs, bomb-dismantling devices, on robotic arms in factories—even on robots that walk on walls. A bonus for people using the gripper as a prosthetic hand: they can probably throw a mean punch.
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1 Comments
Colin Angle (iRobot CEO) showed the "jamming gripper" prototype in his 2009 TEDMED talk as an extension of "jamming skin locomotion" (blob robot). In his talk, he showed a video of it grasping medication, keys, a water bottle, and even a dummy-patient's arm; he also demonstrated a hand-held version. It's nice to see a more formal evaluation.
For those interested, there is a photo showing how it works over on Hizook.com


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Our medium-sized rails app runs (in production) on three servers. We've just finished a trial period, using New Relic as a gem. During the trial period we tracked all three servers, but to continue with a subscription we only need (and only have the budget) to track app1.
So we need to disable new relic on app2 and app3. In communication with their customer service I'm told this is possible and have been directed to the last entry on this page but I can't quite figure out how this helps me to disable new relic tracking on the other two servers, in particular because there's no newrelic_rpm mentioned in environment.rb - it's a gem, after all, and is therefore only mentioned in the Gemfile.
There is a
agent_enabled boolean option in newrelic.yml which I thought we could set on a per-server basis, but I don't know how to do this. Is there a way to find out which server we're on in rails, similar to the RAILS_ENV variable?


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A Bed and Breakfast Farm-stay
The heart of what CornerStone Farm is about, is for our guests to enjoy a well deserved get away. Time to relax and renew themselves in a safe, peaceful, natural farm setting away from the crowds; where family memories are created and cherished. We cater to the young and young-at-heart.
Nestled in rolling hills of Southside-Virginia's farmland, children delight as they bottle feed and cuddle kid goats, peek at hatching eggs, or handle baby chicks. The whole family will enjoy a close up hands-on experience with the miniature breeds of goats, cows, and sheep. With over 90 acres of open and wooded habitat, it is a haven for nature lovers. The farm offers a serene beauty for quiet strolls or romantic picnics. A place you never want to leave.
Open year-round, special discounts.Children/pets welcome.Complete meal options.
On-site amenities/activities:* Horseback-riding, pony-rides* Fishing* Bon-fires* Cheesemaking.... and much more! Family fun/education for everyone!
Cherith Hall Event VenueThe perfect country setting for weddings, receptions, family reunions, birthdays, company events and more. Cornerstone Farm is the picture perfect backdrop for any event. The pond and landscaped gardens give beauty to any gathering. Romance is just a call away!
This facility meets ADA Accessibility Guidelines for wheelchair accessibility, including an accessible entrance,
access to goods and services, usability of rest rooms and accessible parking and drop-off areas. For additional
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Free Diabetic Cookbook
Submitted By: Administrator on 9/10/2009
If you or someone you know is diabetic then you know how important proper diet and nutrition can be. It's not easy to find a variety of interesting meals when you're limited to what you can eat as a diabetic. Well now you can add some new interesting dishes with a free diabetic cookbook. Get it when you get your diabetic supplies delivered to your home from Reliable Medical Supplies Inc (RMS). RMS has a variety of diabetic meters and supplies that people with diabetes rely on to stay healthy. 100% of your costs may be covered depending on your situation. Visit their website to learn more and see how they can work for you.This offer is only valid for residents of:


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SKU:1009Artist:Compatible Figures:Millennium GirlCompatible Software:DAZ Studio, PoserRequired Products:SKU:1009Artist:Compatible Figures:Millennium GirlCompatible Software:DAZ Studio, PoserRequired Products:
Buy these extensive custom morphs and turn your Millennium Girl figure into a real teenager! Shapelier legs, neck tendons, breasts, waist, slender arms, and a smooth feminine face. Her height is between Victoria and that of the PreTeen. Includes modified shoulder joint parameters so that the shoulders bend without affecting the ribcage. Extra 'open mouth', 'smile', and 'pout' expressions. Also included are 10 "young fashion model" poses using fashion magazines for reference photos.
What's Included and FeaturesFeatures
- Head Morph (loads automatically via CR2 file)
- Teen Body Morph (with scaling)
- Modified Shoulder Joint Parameters
- Head Maps (texture, bump, transparency)
- Body Maps (texture, bump, transparency)
- 10 poses
- Freebie
- Morphed Version of the Daz Millennium Girls Clothing Pak Skirt
- Morph OBJ File to Fit Thorne's Ziza Bandeau Top to Kaila


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- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 62 smoke-free guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Rooftop terrace
- Breakfast available
- Self parking
- Terrace
- 24-hour front desk
- Coffee/tea in the lobby
- Daily housekeeping
- Meeting room
- Tour/ticket assistance
- Bike rental
What's around
- In Mitte
- Berlin Wall Memorial (2.1 mi / 3.3 km)
- Gesundbrunnen Shopping Center (1 mi / 1.5 km)
- Humboldthain Park (1.2 mi / 1.9 km)
- Max-Schmeling-Halle (1.8 mi / 2.9 km)
- Schonhauser Allee Arkaden (1.9 mi / 3.1 km)
Was a great stay, very affordable and 4 min Walk to the bus that goes straight to the…
Nice, clean, basic accommodation. A little far out of the city center but close to public…
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: .from ZAR 523
- Quadruple Room, Shared Bathroom (not private room)
- Standard Double Room
- Standard Single Room
- Business Apartment
- Family Room, Kitchenette
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 62 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 7 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-6 PM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed (dogs only) *
- Restrictions apply *
Extra people
- Rollaway beds available, charges may apply*
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Self parking (limited) *
- Accessible parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Two Star Berlin hotels
In the hotel
- Buffet breakfast (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee/tea in the lobby
- Bicycle rentals on site
- Billiards or pool table
- Conference space size (feet) - 581
- Conference space size (meters) - 54
- One meeting room
- 24-hour front desk
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Elevator/lift
- Designated smoking areas
- Rooftop terrace
- Terrace
- Disabled parking
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Shower only
- Free WiFi
- Daily housekeeping
Top Berlin hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Berlin
- andel's Hotel BerlinFrom
"Wow. This hotel was also one of the highlights of our trip. We stayed there for 5 nights. Check in was quick and easy. Staff was helpful. Hotel reception space is so spacious and…"Nov 12, 2015
- A&O Berlin MitteFrom
"We had a 6 bed dorm to ourselves. We had a good stay but some of the staff were unfriendly at check-in time. There PUB downstairs was great. The wifi was acceptable but you need…"Oct 5, 2015
- Victor's Residenz-Hotel BerlinFrom
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Special features
DiningGolden Thai - This restaurant specializes in Thai cuisine and serves dinner only.
Hotel Big Mama Accommodation & Rooms's small print
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
The city of Berlin imposes a city tax of 5%. Business travelers with proof of business-related travel are exempt from this tax. Guests can contact the property using the information contained in the confirmation received after booking.
Optional extras
Self parking is available for an extra charge
Buffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 9.90 per person (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 10 per pet, per stay
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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BUT, dear friends, tomorrow is the very last ship day of the season. Tomorrow the NCL Star will sail in, invade our town, and then sail away. And I won't have to talk to another tourist until May 6, 2011. Well, except for on the phone throughout the winter, but let's not think of that right now.
Let's just envision what it will feel like tomorrow evening when the twinkling lights of the last cruise ship of the season begin to fade away down northern tip of the Inside Passage, leaving behind it a very difficult and exhausting summer. And then I'll begin to pick up the pieces of myself that have been scattered about and slowly pull myself back together.
Oh, yes. It's my favorite time of year. This is when I feel most alive and ready to tackle new things.
I have high hopes for this winter and what the world of knitting has in store for me. Two new designs will be out soon and I have many more in the pipeline. I am beyond excited. It's the first time I've felt alive in months.
Oh, and why, you ask, am I feeling so proud of myself? I made my very own blog button. With the assistance of this lovely website, of course. I'm not that smart to pull off something like that on my own. :) Feel free to grab one for your own blog...spread the Alaskan Purl love around!


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So, it hasn't snowed in nearly a week—does that mean it's summer yet? Well, almost. But alas, just because you're confident setting aside your trusty Sorel boots unfortunately doesn't mean you get to hop right into an itsy-bitsy-teenie-weenie yellow polka dot bikini just yet. Unless, of course, you're headed somewhere tropical in the next few weeks (lucky you!) and really do need to stock up on sexy swimsuits right now.
Whatever your purpose, browsing the 50 absolutely adorable (and absolutely affordable!) one-pieces, tops and bottoms in the gallery above can't hurt—even in terms of credit card damage, thanks to the $50 price cutoff. And the styling method is up to you: mix and match the separates, or buy them in pairs.
We've culled the interwebs for the very best inexpensive bathing suits and presented them here, without contest; click through for 50 swimsuits under $50. To quote Corona, it's time to find your beach.