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Wide Sargasso Sea (Norton Critical Editions) (edition 1998)
by Jean Rhys, Judith L. Raiskin (Editor)
Work details
Wide Sargasso Sea [Norton Critical Edition] by Jean Rhys
No current Talk conversations about this book.
This was amazing and changed the way I will think about Jane Eyre forever. Rhys's style is lyrical, the historical era she evokes so fraught and nuanced, so haunting and heartbreaking (that tension between white guilt and systemic cultures of oppression!)
Excerpt from Linus's Blanket - Rhys is a thought provoking and insightful writer. She puts the truth of people and their situations into her colorful characters and their dialogue, and lets her readers draw their own conclusions. It's not a happy book, and if you've read Jane Eyre you don't go into it with much hope for Antoinette because you already now the ending, but I enjoyed reading it and the perspective that it provided. It's also one of those books that will yield more with each reading. Jane Eyre fans and those looking to read plantation era Caribbean fiction should definitely check this one out.
Very pre-feminist in its look at the mad woman in the attic. Nice and short too. Have i said I like short?
Wide Sargasso Sea
By Jean Rhys
Several times I've come close to reading this short novel – and several times my courage left me. I love Jane Eyre – adore the novel and must say here – Jane Eyre is my favorite novel.
But I suppose Wide Sargasso Sea had to be written. That is what we do – especially women, we turn over the stone to see what truth crawls beneath, lance open the sore, press where it hurts.
But here I must say I was disappointed – in my fears.
I had nothing to fear because I soon realized I had no intention of defending Edward Fairfax Rochester. The man was drifting, filthy rich, lost soul, in Jane Eyre and in Wide Sargasso Sea that's what he was as well.
And yes, larger books can be written about the differences between Jane, so Christian and Bertha, (Antoinette) so cynical but I won't. Suffice it to say that one book was written in the 19th century with ideas and themes to the world – the other was written in the 20th century with ideas and themes to the world.
What both works share is a definite sort of axe to grind.
Prejudice – both Jane and Bertha suffered due to the "upper class," disdain toward them – and the oddity that these "adults," were picking on children – oddity I suppose is putting it too mildly – these were young girls and both authors made sure that we should blush on behalf of being adult.
The hate toward both young girls is staggering. The difference is that Jane was set, determined, understood she was plain, understood she had to find a way in the world. Bertha was hindered by her physical beauty – she was easily cast off because of her beauty - for who knows how quickly that would fall to ruin.
In the end – as Rochester defines his own suffering – the maiming of his arm, the loss of his hand and the even more terrible admonition "I'd give my sight," Rochester stays the same. Vain. Self-seeking. Pandering – yes pandering of himself – his physical love - and not learning there is no satisfaction in it without love.
In keeping true to Rochester, Ms Rhys does make a viable and yes honest rendition of "The other Mrs. Rochester. "
I'm glad my courage did not fail me in the end.
This short story was fabulous. But the background of it is even more fascinating. Jean Rhys grew up as a white woman in the Caribbean and went to study in England when she was 17. Even though she never returned for more than a few weeks, she always considered herself to be a white Creole and resented the English. She read Jane Eyre and felt that she related less to Jane and more to the minor character of Bertha. (I won't ruin it for anyone who hasn't read Jane Eyre.) So she wrote a beautiful story with Bertha as the main character. It's meaningful and interesting, and talks about zombies! (Although the voudou kind, not the contagious rage-filled monkeys kind)
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0393960129, Paperback)
Written over the course of twenty-one years and published in 1966, Wide Sargasso Sea, based on Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre, takes place in Jamaica and Dominica in 1839–45.Textual notes illuminate the novel's historical background, regional references, and the non-translated Creole and French phrases necessary to fully understand this powerful story. Backgrounds includes a wealth of material on the novel's long evolution, it connections to Jane Eyre, and Rhys's biographical impressions of growing up in Dominica. Criticism introduces readers to the critical debates inspired by the novel with a Derek Walcott poem and eleven essays.
(retrieved from Amazon Thu, 12 Mar 2015 18:09:07 -0400)
Beautiful and wealthy Antoinette Cosway's passionate love for an English aristocrat threatens to destroy her idyllic West Indian island existence and her very life; accompanied by notes and criticism.
(summary from another edition)
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›› Photos: New El Paso bishop named
Video: El Paso Diocese new bishop announcement
When he learned he would lead the El Paso Catholic Diocese about a week ago, Bishop Mark J. Seitz's first reaction was "Wow."
Monday morning, it was Seitz who easily wowed El Pasoans in his first interaction with members of the diocesan pastoral center in the Lower Valley.
"I'd like to begin by thanking Pope Francis for having the confidence he has placed in me to serve this diocese with so much history. ... Life is full of surprises. I grew up in Wisconsin and entered the seminary in Dallas, thinking I would return in a couple of years -- but I fell in love with Texas," said Seitz, who comes to El Paso from Dallas.
Bishop Armando X. Ochoa, apostolic administrator for the El Paso diocese, introduced Seitz to a room filled with priests, nuns, diocesan staff and members of the media. It was a morning of nonstop smiles for a diocese that has been without an official shepherd for 16 months.
The new and energetic bishop impressed everyone with a natural charisma, often making the pastoral center crowd break into laughter or applause with his comments, such as "I love Mexican food."
But he also expressed an admirable humility, stating he wants to follow the pope's example in living a simple life. When asked about donating a kidney to a parishioner, he seemed almost sheepish, making sure to note that people have two and we only need one.
And Seitz didn't break a sweat when reporters continuously asked him to speak in English and then translate in Spanish or vice versa. He good-naturedly obliged.
Anita Marta, Spanish editor of the Rio Grande Catholic, felt honored to meet Seitz and hear him share his enthusiasm about coming to El Paso and leading 660,000 Catholics. Formerly the auxiliary bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Dallas, Seitz will fly back Wednesday until he returns for his installation Mass in June or July.
"I can tell he's a people person and that he will be able to relate to our community very easily," Marta said. "He already has it in his mind that we are a diverse community, and I think it's so cute that he said he loves Mexican food but couldn't pick his favorite dish."
She added, "He's going to be a blessing for the diocese. He has already united us in that room."
Originally from Milwaukee, Seitz was the oldest of 10 children and raised in a traditional church-going family. He said he knew he wanted to be a priest since as long as he can remember and related a story of when he was 8 years old, in a private interview.
"I woke up and was in a thoughtful mood and thought about what I wanted to be," he said.
Seitz said his thoughts ventured from saving lives as a fireman and a doctor to being a priest, and even being all three.
"But then I thought if I were a fireman or doctor, I could save people but they are still going to die. So why not be a priest so that I could save people and they could live forever," he said.
His family supported his wishes but never pushed him and in 1972 he entered Holy Trinity Seminary at the University of Dallas. He earned both bachelor's and master's degrees at the university.
"When I entered the seminary, it was like I was home. I found a whole group of people who shared my ideals. It was one of the best learning experiences of my life," he said.
Seitz was ordained to the priesthood in 1980 and served in several Catholic churches in Dallas.
When he was ordained Auxiliary Bishop by Bishop Kevin J. Farrell three years ago, Seitz said Farrell told him he was going to turn "his life upside down."
"Since that time, I have begun to like being upside down because I have found that the Lord is with me," Seitz said.
In his talk at the diocese, Seitz continually conveyed his joy of serving the Lord, often referring to it as a "fulfilling life."
When asked by reporters about the shortage of priests in the El Paso diocese, Seitz first joked that he would be willing to stand on the highways and byways looking for candidates.
But then, seriously, he said more must be done to promote religious vocations and sharing the big secret, which is that a religious life is a joyful one and one full of surprises.
"I couldn't imagine a more fulfilling life to be the one" that people come to in times of need or despair, he said, adding that priests always have had a large extended family in their parishioners.
He said he believes in serving with no bias but then said he had a preference for the poor and that he would do his best to emulate Francis. He said priests should never live beyond the means of the people they serve.
"The new pope is really challenging us, isn't he," Seitz said. "He's showing us that there is a different way that we can live in the church and that we don't have to do everything the way it's always been done. There's a saying in Latin -- the Ecclesia semper reformanda est -- which means the church is always reforming."
Marco Raposo, diocesan director of the Peace and Justice Ministry, said Seitz is a good role model for area Catholics.
"I'm thrilled to be able to work with him. I like that he wants to follow Pope Francis' model and I think it's important in our region," Raposo said.
In his introduction, Ochoa credited Seitz for working closely with those who have been affected by sexual abuse in the Catholic Church.
"He is very sensitive to victims and survivors," Ochoa said.
Seitz said he recognizes that the sexual abuse scandal has shaken people's faith and hurt the Catholic Church.
"I'm not afraid to be in difficult situations with people and in their lives at that moment," he said. "There was one particular family that it came out that their daughter had been abused when she was in high school. And so I had the opportunity to walk with them through that .... and it broke my heart. It almost brings me to tears now; they were such a wonderful family. But I feel so privileged that they were able to come to me and talk to me and put their trust in me when they didn't know where to turn."
Seitz took Spanish lessons but most of his education has been through language immersion including working with a sister church in Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
While he apologized for his Spanish and encouraged people to correct him, he spoke eloquently en español about serving the Hispanic community in Dallas and looking forward to doing it in El Paso.
In order to get a better insight into Catholics in Latin America, Seitz said he lived for two months in Trujillo, Honduras, during a sabbatical in 2002.
"It really gave me a better understanding of why people will pick up and risk their lives to come here. I saw it from the other side -- so many broken families, people who just wanted water and a decent standard of living," he said.
Monsignor Arturo Banuelas of St. Pius X Catholic Church walked out of the room at the pastoral center with a big smile and confidence that the Cath- olic community here is about to get a boost.
"It's a great year for the Catholic diocese in El Paso," he said. "We have a great pope and now we have a great bishop."
María Cortés González may be reached at email@example.com; 546-6150.
About Bishop Mark J. Seitz

subset: commoncrawl


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Departing every day at 10 am from Buzzard's Point Marina . Cruise to Tangier Island from Reedville, Va. aboard the "Chesapeake Breeze" The Breeze leaves port every day at 10:00 am and returns about 3:30 pm. Enjoy a wonderful day aboard the Breeze and on Tangier Island. After a relaxing one and one half hour narrated cruise, the ship docks at Tangier where you are met by a friendly guide. During your two and one-half hour visit, you may wish to eat a family style seafood dinner at the famous Chesapeake House. Picnic area, sandwich and gift shops are also conveniently located. Walk around this quaint island, or take a tour on a mini-bus. Either way, you will remember your trip to Tangier for a long time to come.
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2001 Oldsmobile Alero • 88,000 miles
My 2001 olds alero idles low (approx 300-500)and almost dies at red lights. A pepboys center said the car generates no codes when tested on the pepboys computer. They do not know the reason it passes the diagnostic test, but still idles low. Also, when idling low the serpentine belt chirps, but they said the belt is working properly.
Please help diagnose the problem.
Please help diagnose the problem.
September 27, 2011.
September 27, 2011.
The most likely part that is causing the problem is the Idle Air Control Valve, IACV. It controls the idle at low speeds and idle as the engine load increases.
When you replace this part, check for vacuum leaks as well.
When you replace this part, check for vacuum leaks as well.
Sep 27, 2011.
Sep 27, 2011.
I have a 2000 silverado with low idle, I have all ready cleaned the massive air flow and took the throtle body off and cleaned it, replaced the plugs and wires. RPM's in drive will go ...
1 answer • 2000 Chevrolet Silverado • 153,000 miles
Engine Mechanical problem 1996 Honda Civic 4 cyl Two Wheel Drive Automatic 134000 miles About 2 weeks ago the engine light turned on on my Honda Civic and immediately I noticed a ...
1 answer • 1996 Honda Civic
Engine Performance problem 2003 Chevy Silverado V8 Four Wheel Drive Automatic 138000 miles I changed my oil the other day and while my hood was up and I went inside for a drink ...
1 answer • 2003 Chevrolet Silverado
I have a problem with my F250 with the 5.4L V8, 98,000 miles. It tends to give me an issue when it is below 55 degrees outside when I try to start it. It gets good cranking and then ...
1 answer • 2000 Ford F-250


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One Last Time…
Season 7 of Mad Men kicks off for the final time this Sunday. So sad to see it go, but excited to see how it ends. We made one final wallpaper to mark the occasion. Goodbye Don, Peggy, Roger, Pete, Joan and the rest—we'll miss you.
If you want one for your phone you can download it here:
Drinks iPhone 4 Wallpaper
Drinks iPhone 5 Wallpaper
[…] love this phone wallpaper that Eight Hour Day made in honor of Mad Men's final season […]
SO great!!! I love it!


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I never count Rossi out if he is .5sec down in practice before a race. But he has consistantly been 1.8-2.3 secs off the pace all through the tests so far this preseason. It's just logic that he isn't saving 2.5 sec in reserve for Qatar. Qatar is btw a Stoner track not a Ducati track. He went well there on the 990 honda in his rookie season setting pole and leading 20 laps of the race. Ducati needs to leave their tradition and build a normal bike. It doesn't work unless there is a freak kid to ride on it which they no longer have.


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It was clear from the start of the Great Recession that state government needed to reduce spending. Tax collections were not meeting projections and the red ink was rising.
Last year, state officials imposed a hiring freeze in an effort to keep the growing budget crisis in check. At that time, it appeared to be a wise move.
The hiring freeze didn't dramatically reducing hiring or spending on salaries.
The fact is that thousands of new employees were added to the payroll to replace those who left since the freeze began in early 2010. Lawmakers exempted some positions (mostly for public safety reasons) from the freeze, but then state officials approved on a case-by-case basis nearly 2,000 special exemptions.
In the end, state government shrunk slightly over the last year, according to a report in The News Tribune of Tacoma. The state employed 110,000 full-time workers on average in fiscal 2010, excluding elementary school and high school employees. Through the first 11 months of fiscal 2011 that ended last week, the work force dropped to an average of 107,600.
So the wage freeze kinda worked. Still, it was more like a slushie. It's biggest impact was to give those overseeing it brain freeze.
The governor's budget office has shelves loaded with exemption forms that attest to the paperwork hassle, wrote News Tribune reporter Jordan Schrader. The office even justified one hire by saying the employee was needed to process hiring exemptions.
At one time, Budget Director Marty Brown was emphatic that his office would not go through the freeze for one more year.
"If they (the Legislature) put it in, we're not doing it," Brown said. "It is micromanaging to the nth degree."
He has since -- politics being politics -- softened his position.
Nevertheless, Brown's concern about micromanaging has merit. An across-the-board hiring freeze dotted with myriad exemptions is not a very efficient way to get work done.
It is our hope that new approach to keeping a lid on spending is more effective as well as efficient. Lawmakers budgeted for fewer workers -- 106,500 -- for the two-year budget period that started this month.
Lawmakers have passed a budget that set the number of employees across state government. Agencies have a specific amount of dollars to operate with and they will have to manage those resources. The agency heads have the power to hire within their budget levels.
"It's important that the colleges be able to look at their student and community needs and make decisions without having them second guessed by Olympia," said John Boesenberg, director of human resources for the State Board for Community and Technical Colleges.
But state agency leaders must make wise decisions or another hiring freeze, inefficient as it might be, should be imposed.
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By On the occasion of our 20th anniversary
Why Do Mexis Like Wrought-Iron Fences?
By Gustavo Arellano
By R. Scott Moxley
By Alfonso Delgado
Women For: OC are Stitching and Bitching
By Courtney Hamilton
Santa Ana River Ready for Its Renaissance
By Joel Beers
By Peter Maguire
Can Tech Ruin the Kim Pham Murder Trial?
By Charles Lam
If you people (and I use that term loosely) hate yourselves so much, why not pack up your earrings, CD collections and filter-less cigarettes and move to Mexico? In your last issue, you took every opportunity to malign Anglo-Americans and promote racial hostility. Matt Coker calls Barbara Coe "Ms. Fear of a Brown Planet" (A Clockwork Orange, Feb. 2). I'll tell Coker something: as the author of Proposition 187, Coe has done more to highlight the dangers of unchecked immigration than almost anyone in the country. Then Gustavo Arellano practically throws a party because some Mexican puts on wrestling matches that encourage other Mexicans living in this country to believe that all white Americans are racists ("Lucha F@!#%n' Libre!" Feb. 2). And then your recommendation is that I eat in a Thai restaurant where they play "Guantanamera"? Hey, that's authentic! Sounds like a nightmare.
I hope you go out of business and die.Name withheld by request
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This Saturday I'm off to Beijing with my friends Samarra and Ryan for the Chuseok Holiday. I don't know if I'll be able to post while I'm gone, but I should be able to find an internet cafe somewhere.
We will be staying at the Far East hostel near the Beijing Museum of Natural History.
If not I will be back online and revving to go in about a week with a truck load of pics from Mother China.


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Winnipeg Jets forward Anthony Peluso has been suspended three games for his hit on Dallas Stars defenceman Alex Goligoski during Saturday's contest.
Peluso had a phone hearing on Sunday with the NHL's Department of Player Safety.
During the second period of the Jets' 6-4 loss at the hands of the Stars, Peluso hammered Goligoski into the boards from behind just after he played the puck up the ice.
Peluso was assessed a five-minute major and a game misconduct for boarding on the play.
Goligoski was slow to get to his feet and eventually left the ice bleeding.
The 28-year-old defenceman returned to the game in the third period.
Peluso has no prior suspension history in the NHL.
Donnelly: Effect of MTS changes on fans
Mooseheads GM Cam Russell on Nik Ehlers
Dreger: Top stories with camps opening
Bud Grant: Coaching memories, Ken Ploen
Khari Jones looks back on his Bomber career
Bombers insiders Darrin Bauming and Gary Lawless cover the team for TSN 1290.
Bombers Hashmarks | Latest on the Bombers
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TSN 1290 is the new Winnipeg radio home of the Toronto Blue Jays during the 2014 season.
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December 16, 2011
Naughty or Nice?
by Kiirsten
Oh, the delightful "hustle & bustle" of Christmas! The culmination of parties, shopping, family gatherings, shopping, baking… did I mention shopping? Don't get me wrong, I'm not complaining, but I admit that the calendar fills up fast and there's not as much focus on alone time… So, Merry Christmas! Here's an idea to guarantee you get your special couple time!
Whether you're getting some new lingerie or you just wanna wrap up something you haven't worn in a while, surprise your honey after the kids are in bed with an evening devoted to him. Place your wrapped lingerie under the tree and hint that there's somethin' there for him. You can print your lingerie gift tag free right now.
It says, "I was gonna order Nice… but NAUGHTY is just so much fun with you! Merry Christmas, my Love!"
You Might Also Like These Related Articles
Recent Comments
6 Responses to "Naughty or Nice?"
I LOVE the cute little saying!
My favorite thing to do for my husband at Christmas is the twelve days of panties:) he looks forward to it every year! Buy 12 pairs and give him one pair (for the woman to wear of course) everyday after ….I think the 13th of December! Makes for some great bonding time:)
I just found this post on their pinterest page and am so glad that I read through the comments. My husband is going to love 12 days of panties And I hit a great clearance sale so getting them for $1.75 when I needed new ones anyway is awesome!
I LOVE this idea! Great idea with hitting the after Christmas sales, too. This year…
How do I print the free printable? Also, thanks!!!!!!
Leave A Comment
OOoooohhh!! We LOVE comments! Thanks for leavin' us some "love"! P.S. If you want a pic to show up next to your comments, go get a gravatar!


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- Global Voices - https://globalvoices.org -
Discovering Malagasy Diverse Street Food
Written by Lova Rakotomalala On 9 February 2014 @ 15:59 pm | No Comments
In Arts & Culture, English, Food, French, Madagascar, Malagasy, Photos, Quick Reads, Sub-Saharan Africa, Travel
Malagasy cuisine [2] is a mix of its many diverse influences from Asian, African and European migrants that have settled in the Island. It makes for a rich culinary experience, as seen from its multitude of snacks and street foods. Hanta Ramanatsoa highlights some of those on her facebook page, la cuisine de Madagascar [3] (Malagasy Cuisine). Here is a sample of the street foods and snacks [4] photos shared on her page [mg]:
Article printed from Global Voices: https://globalvoices.org
URL to article: https://globalvoices.org/2014/02/09/discovering-malagasy-diverse-street-food/
URLs in this post:
[1] Image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kobandravina_dessert_snack_food_Antananarivo_Madagascar.jpg
[2] Malagasy cuisine: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine
[3] cuisine de Madagascar: https://www.facebook.com/pages/La-cuisine-de-Madagascar/177590709385
[4] street foods and snacks: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=446089118846128&set=a.298726773582364.72538.297857110335997&type=1&theater
[5] Post: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=446089118846128&set=a.298726773582364.72538.297857110335997&type=1
[6] Diego suarez: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Diego-suarez/297857110335997
Click here to print.
This site is licensed as Creative Commons Attribution 3.0. Please read our attribution policy: http://globalvoicesonline.org/about/global-voices-attribution-policy


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TCP is a very important protocol on Internet. More than half of the traffic in Internet uses TCP. When it comes to services which require QoS (quality of service) TCP plays a major role whether it be logging into Facebook or opening a website like Wikipedia.com the underlying protocol which takes care of "reliable" service is TCP. TCP's dominance over internet has its advantages and disadvantages. The architecture of TCP/IP protocol suit doesn't have any security features, what it has is algorithms for protocol timers, logics, buffering, mapping, management but there is nothing in code for its security. As Internet evolved the techniques to use it un-ethically also evolved. These techniques are nothing but exploitations of vulnerabilities in the protocol architectures. TCP being the major protocol used in internet, many hacking applications were developed which bypasses its ethical usage (we will study those tools in upcoming posts) so what are those vulnerabilities in TCP ? before we start let us have a brief look at a TCP packet structure.
TCP along with UDP lies in the Transport layer of the TCP/IP model (also called as DoD model)
TCP Packet structure:
TCP Packet = TCP Header (20 bytes) + DATA (max of 65,495).
Number of words (w) is included in the TCP Header length (n) = w x n = 20byte.
In the above packet = 32 x 5 = 160bits /8 = 20bytes (default word length = 32bit)
The size of header indicates the start of the data.
Sequence and Acknowledge numbers are both 32bit in size.
The dashed lines between TCP Header and flags are empty 6bits and are not used.
Next to the empty 6bits are 1bit flags.
- Flags field:
URG – Urgent Flag
ACK – Acknowledge Flag
PSH – Push Flag
RST – Reset Flag
SYN – Sync Flag
FIN – Finish Flag
- Window size indicates the available buffer memory in the stack for communication.
- Checksum is used to calculate the integrity of the TCP packet
- Urgent pointer is used along with the URG flag. It tells the receiving end where exactly the priority ends in the data.
- Optional field varies with the header length.
- Data field is where the actual data from the upper layers are stored.
Before we start studying about Flags let us see how they'll look when captured through a packet sniffer like Wireshark.
The markings in the above figure are the flags in a TCP packet.
Let us check each one of them:
Urgent flag is used to process the data without any latency (virtually zero time). The packets in which the urgent flag is set to "1" will be processed at the destination end without any delay. These packets are not sent to the queue for their turn nor they are buffered. This is like a VIP convoy on a busy road where it will be transferred first by making the way no matter how busy the road is. When the URG flag is set then the "urgent flag" also needs to be set. Urgent pointer tells up to where the data is to be prioritized in the data field. Basically Urgent Pointer tell the destination end where the data priority ends in the data field.
Example: Best example is executing commands on a remote machine using Telnet client. The output of a command executed through telnet should be immediate so in order to accomplish this the data transferred to the remote machine will have the URG flag set to "1" on its TCP packet. But by any chance if the output takes time on the Telnet console then there has to be some kind of slowness in the network or the remote machine is not responding properly.
Hackers idea: This can be used for malicious activities too. What happens if someone crafts a packet by turning ON the URG flag and sends it across the network. The remote machine immediately process the data, and there are instances where this can even by-pass an IDS or a Firewall if proper rules/policies are not set.
Acknowledge flag is used to acknowledge a received Sync packet. ACK flag is set to "1" on a reply packet to the requesting machine along with the SYN flag set to "1". This is just a confirmation sent to the requesting machine that your Sync request has been received. In the initial stage of connection set up the Window size is set to zero. Windowing plays one of the key role in acknowledgements and will be studied later.
Push flag is used to push the data without any intermediate buffering(storing). This is more like URG flag but there is a distinction as both have different roles. In a TCP packet if the PSH flag is set to "1" then it will not be buffered at any intermediate nodes, It will be simply pushed in to the network without any intermediate storage. No Intermediate processing will be done.
Example: Mostly PSH flag is set for communications where there shouldn't be any interruption like live multimedia streaming, executing mission critical database queries, ATM transactions and so on. And also a situation can arise called "buffer deadlocks". In this situation the originating machine's buffer and the remote machine's buffer will be filled up and both will get into a loop of sync and acknowledgements. So, in order to avoid this PSH flag is set at the beginning and at the end of the data transfer – more about : TCP buffer deadlocks.
Hackers idea: Did I mentioned something as "No Intermediate processing will be done"? Yes, this is one of the key factor in some attacks. An IDS or a Firewall will be placed in the intermediate position of the service requesting machine and the service providing machine. IDS and Firewall's will have significant amounts of buffer memory for storing and analyzing the incoming data before sending them into the destination machine in the private network. So if a Hacker crafts a batch of TCP packets where the PSH flag is set to "1" then they can easily by-pass the Firewall and IDS without getting detected or processed. This is one of the technique used in attacking a remote server for attempting a DDoS attack.
Reset flag is used to reset a connection with an interruption. This is mainly used to allow/block or to interrupt a connection on a port.
Example: When a service is running on a socket like say http on port 80, it runs this http service on this port. When a remote machine tries to access this service it initially establishes a dedicated connection to this port. If let us say the http service is stopped on this port and when a remote machine tries to connect to this port 80 the socket interrupts the connection and acknowledges to the requesting machine with the RST flag set to "1". Another situation is when we are actively working on a Telnet session and if by mistake when we close the telnet window the telnet service on the host machine's port 23 will stop and it immediately sends a TCP packet with RST flag set to "1" and once the remote machine receives this, it will tear down the connection without any delay or acknowledgement.
Hackers idea: What if a Hacker wants to scan a remote machine for its open ports, services or to at-least to check whether the machine is alive or not ? He will simply sends crafted TCP packets to all the well know ports from 0-1023 and
if any of them are open they will send an SYN+ACK packet (acknowledge) which clearly tells the hacker that the port is open and its corresponding service is running.
If the service is stopped but the port is open it will send RST packet (acknowledge) which tell the hacker that the service is not running but the port is open.
If a port is filtered/closed (through firewall) the hacker will never gets any acknowledgement back which tells him that the port is unavailable.
If the hacker haven't received any kind of acknowledgements from the target machine on any of its ports then it means that the remote machine is shutdowned or not on the network.
Note : The above points in the "Hackers idea" in RST section are the fundamental principles used in the port scanners like nmap.
Sync flag is the well know flag in TCP and is used to initiate a TCP session. Before the actual data starts to flow, a TCP packet with 0 data bytes are send to the remote machine with the SYN flag set to "1", after the three way handshake a dedicated virtual path is established between the source machine to the target machine for the actual data to transfer.
Example: When we open any website the first step done by the TCP protocol is sending a sync packet (though initially a DNS query is sent for name resolution). And once a connection is established then we'll see the homepage of that website. If anything goes wrong in the transmission we'll get "Timed out" or if a firewall is blocking we'll get "Access Denied" errors on the browser screen. See the below figure.
Hackers idea: Well why do a malicious hacker need to open a webpage ? if his intention is to crash it. So what he will do is he will craft a batch of TCP packets with SYN flag set to "1" and with a spoofed IP address like say A.A.A.A (or it can vary arbitrarily) as the source IP (where his machine's actual IP is B.B.B.B. Note: alphabets are used instead of numbers in IP fields) and he'll send these packets to a destination machine C.C.C.C which runs a website. So once C.C.C.C receives the SYN packets from B.B.B.B …. wait a min .. will it be from B.B.B.B? or from A.A.A.A ? .. It will be from A.A.A.A (spoofed IP) it thinks that it is from A.A.A.A and sends SYN+ACK to A.A.A.A which doesn't exist. So what happens is
The Hacker will never receives SYN+ACK and he will continuously sends the SYN packets
The webserver C.C.C.C continuously sends the SYN+ACK packets to the spoofed IP A.A.A.A and never receives the ACK. It will fill up its buffer and drops the legitimate connections.
The result it "page cannot be displayed" or "network timed out". If it is a windows machine there might be a possibility for complete system crash or a BSOD.
Note: This is a very old attack called "TCP flood" or "SYN Flood" most of the todays IDS systems will detect this attack easily and most web servers have enough resources to take the beat . I've just explained it for understanding the potential threats involved in it.
Finally the FIN flag. FIN flag is used to negotiate between the peer systems that the communication is over and they can drop the connection. Basically, it tears down the TCP virtual connection. FIN is a 4 way handshake which appears in the last packet of a session. This can be better explained from the below figure.
I guess the picture is self explanatory. Once the source machine finishes the data transfer it sends a TCP packet with the FIN flag set to "1" and the destination machine acknowledges. But this is only one way, from the picture, source machine is finished its transmission not the destination machine. Now the connection acts as a simplex connection. Once the destination machine finishes its transmission it also sends a TCP packet with FIN flag set to "1" and the source acknowledges it and then the connection will be dropped. It is more like a telephone conversation.
I think the above description itself covers the example. Lets see what hackers can do.
Hacker idea: I haven't come across attacks where this flag is used. May be there are attacks which might use this flag. It is up to you guys to figure it out. The possible attack that I can think of is:
Let us say there are two machines A –> B which are communicating using TCP on a subnet. Consider that there is a Disgruntled employee and his machine is also on this subnet and some how he managed to get a packet crafter application installed on his machine (if it is windows ? no big deal) what he can do is he can craft a packet with A's IP and set the FIN flag to "1" and send it to B. Guess what happens, the actual session of A's has to tear down right? I don't think so because actual A might be still transmitting data, even after the spoofed TCP packet triggered a FIN …. Interesting? … Go figure out yourself.
Thanks for reading …


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The Blog
'Zionism Derangement Syndrome'
7:07 PM, Aug 25, 2010 • By DANIEL HALPER
Elliot Jager, writing at Jewish Ideas Daily, puts a name to an age old trend: "Zionism Derangement Syndrome." This time, however, the trend is taking hold among the left in Israel, particularly academics. Here's Jager:
Read it here.
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This I Believe: Jewish Concepts of God
With Julie Roth. Throughout Jewish existence, Judaism has embraced (or struggled with) a myriad of concepts of God. From the rational to the esoteric, this series will allow each of us - agnostic, believer, and atheist - to better understand what we do and do not believe about God. This class will include study, discussion, and personal reflection.
Location: Feinberg Auditorium (lower level CJL)
Date/Time: 03/26/12 at 6:30 pm - 03/26/12 at 8:30 pm


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- Filed Under
Junior guard Aliyah Huland El had a double-double with 16 points and 12 rebounds to lead the Randolph girls basketball team over Chatham 58-40 in a National Division matchup on Saturday.
Senior guard Carli Sasaki scored 13 points for the Rams (20-3) while junior foward Sabrina Viscomi contributed 10 points. For the Cougars (16-10), senior foward Grace Conroy had 19 points and 12 rebounds for her sixth consecutive double-double.
Mountain Lakes 53, Morristown-Beard 34: Sophomore forward Caroline Wilson scored a game-high 18 points to lead the Lakers (18-5). Sophomore guard Alyssa ...


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Chia Seeds
by aaron
Yow-Yow was enjoying some chia seeds steeped in hot water, and we noticed that they began to separate into this cool pattern. Needless to say, I grabbed my camera, a smaller glass of them, and headed into the sun (22C here btw today, best winter ever). The reason the are suspended is because of […]
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This collection contains lantern slides with both photographs and illustrations of the 1873-1873 Modoc War, a conflict fought in the lava beds at Tule Lake on the California-Oregon border between a small band of Modoc Indians and the United States Army. The lantern slides include images of Indian scouts for the U.S. Army; U.S. Army soldiers and camps, Modoc leaders and prisoners of war, and the lava beds that served as the Modocs' stronghold. Notable images include portraits of Modoc leaders Captain Jack and Winema (Toby) Riddle, shaman Curly-headed Doctor, and Indian scout Donald McKy. Within the collection, 26 photographs can be attributed to Eadweard Muybridge, 13 to Louis Heller, and 2 to Putnam & Valentine.
The Modoc War, also known as the Modoc Campaign and Lava Bed Wars, was a conflict between a small group of Modoc Indians, led by Kientpoos (Captain Jack), and the United States Army that was fought in the lava beds at Tule Lake on the California-Oregon border from November 1872 to June 1873. During the war, 53 United States soldiers, 17 civilians, and 15 Modoc warriors were killed.
52 lantern slides in 1 box; lantern slides 8 x 10 cm. (3 x 4 in.) and smaller.
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From USA Today.
Abortion remains an issue that divides the Supreme Court, but the justices had less disagreement Thursday in defending the free speech rights of abortion opponents.
The court ruled unanimously that Massachusetts went too far — literally — when it created 35-foot buffer zones around abortion clinics to keep demonstrators away from patients.
The decision united Chief Justice John Roberts and the court's four liberals, who said the distance improperly removed demonstrators from public sidewalks and spaces. The other conservative justices would have issued a more sweeping verdict, striking down the ban on grounds that it targets abortion opponents' specific point of view.
"Petitioners wish to converse with their fellow citizens about an important subject on the public streets and sidewalks — sites that have hosted discussions about the issues of the day throughout history," Roberts wrote. Though the state has an interest in public safety, it "pursued those interests by the extreme step of closing a substantial portion of a traditional public forum to all speakers."
[…]The court's other four conservative justices agreed with the verdict in the Massachusetts case but would have gone further by striking down the law as one that illegally targets abortion opponents.
"It is clear on the face of the Massachusetts law that it discriminates based on viewpoint," Justice Samuel Alito wrote. "Speech in favor of the clinic and its work by employees and agents is permitted; speech criticizing the clinic and its work is a crime. This is blatant viewpoint discrimination."
The article has a reactions from a Planned Parenthood spokeswoman. She was against the ruling.


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Has anyone ever tried setting up the Duomid using this method described by Ron:• For \"Special\" Duo Use- Both hikers connect their poles together to make two long poles and place poles to form a wide inverted V in the Shelter OR find two long long poles and use them on the outside of the shelter to tie up to the Exterior Apex Loop.How long do the poles in the V need to be? IF solo, could two pole jacks extend a set of trekking poles enough?Could this be done with the poles inside the mid rather than outside?I was thinking of this as a way to create more space for duo use, and by perhaps using the mid-panel tie-outs and some guyline, as a way of fastening the poles to the panels and providing more support in the event of high winds and snow. I don't have a backyard to set up the mid myself, so any input is greatly appreciated.
I have only setup my Duomid for one night so I don't have much experience, but while I was playing around I tried the two poles trick on the inside of the DuoMid. With a 12 pole jack and the regular length LT4 poles they were long enough.I only had it setup that way for a minute as I was just playing around and testing different things. That being said, it did provide more room, and seemed stable. The poles helped support the walls. It seemed liked a good option and once I get another pole jack (I only had one so had to temporarily jury rig the other) I will give it a try overnight and see how it goes.
Jim - have a look at the pictures for the SoloMid. You can see how the inverted V works inside the shelter.
The Solomid is what gave me the idea; then I went and looked further at the Duomid and saw that Ron did provide and explanation for using the inverted V with the Duo.Geometry was never a strong suit of mine, so I'm not sure if the added with of the Duo would make my fully extended poles (~55") too short to get a tight pitch. I'd want the poles either outside, as Ron suggests, or inside but full-on against the walls to fully exploit the interior space of the tent.
Ah - okay. I think one will need the pole jacks (2) but I suspect Ron will have to answer this directly.
Just doing the math (Pythagorean theorem anyone?) you would need about 66" long poles for the duomid inverted-v.
I do this - 2 pacer poles, handles in the roof, 2 x 12inch pole jacks
I've been wondering the same thing, but I don't have a Duomid to experiment with. I had pythagorized the same 66" (65.299 rounded up), but most of my poles are fixed length at 115cm (45 in.) and would therefore be impractical, unless strapped together in sets of two, which would require a non-solo use of the tent ;).Nonetheless, I'm curious to hear other peoples ideas on the strength benefit this could/should/would/did provide. I imagine that for exposed + snow use, a setup like this could be of great benefit.
I used my LT4s, one with a pole jack and one with the LT4 extender (that I'm hoping they start selling soon as I want another one!) and it worked fine. Had tons of room inside. Seemed quite stable (though I only had the chance to set it up in my yard). I should soon get my new DuoMid (couple of weeks maybe!) that I had modded with an additional four clips/grossgrain loops sewn in the inside but much lower than the already present clips, and an innernet without the netting (so floor only) with attachment points to tie/clip up, so I get a full bathtub floor in the Mid with, thanks to an inverted V, lots of stretch out room! Can't wait!
I always use the inverted V setup now...so much more comfortable. I found I needed my trekking poles fully extended (135cm) plus 12" polejacks to get it to where it needs to be.Here are some pictures
Jonathan, those pictures are great, exactly what I needed to see. Living in a city, I don't have a backyard to play with my toys.
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You can Step Out and make a difference! Everyone has a very personal reason for participating in Step Out: Walk to Stop Diabetes. What is yours?
We Step Out to do our part to Stop Diabetes! Participants are changing the future and making a positive impact in the lives of those who are affected by diabetes.
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By registering, you will be helping the Association provide community-based education programs, protect the rights of people with diabetes and fund critical research for a cure.
Once you register, you'll be giving your very own web page and will have access to lots of tools to help you fundraise your Step Out Center. You'll be able to customize the page with your reason for walking, send emails to ask others to join you or donate, and even download Facebook and smart phone apps. And of course, your ADA staff partner will be here to help all along the way!
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Welcome to Bay View B&B, luxury Bed and Breakfast on the Gower peninsula
Read from our guestbook:
"One of the few outstanding guest houses we have stayed in. Very welcoming. Excellent breakfast, comfortable room. Thank you" Alan & Diana Durden, Sussex 01/07/2015
Super-kingsize bed, views across the estuary, soft seating, 27″ LED TV & DVD player. Large ensuite bathroom with twin basins, separate bath & shower.
Kingsize bed, overlooks garden and rural hillside, soft seating, 23″ LCD TV. Ensuite bathroom with shower over large shower bath.
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Formerly a pair of Edwardian semi-detached houses, the interior has been altered and renovated to make one large house. Our beds have good quality, comfortable mattresses and duvets with fine cotton linen and vintage Welsh blankets. The bathrooms have shower and bath so you can have a good, long soak. You'll have lashings of hot water and pure white towels from a heated rail. We welcome your enquiries about our Gower b&b.
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Journalist Chris Moss stayed with us while researching a Financial Times article about the newly launched (5/5/12) All Wales Coast Path.
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Good news! We're in The Guardian newspaper, Saturday 7th August, 2010, page 9 of the Travel section. " Also online.


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WFTDA — Women's Flat Track Derby Association
Fargo ND
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I have a 01 CLK. Anyone ever do an install where the radio is on one of these? I've looked everywhere for a wood grain piece of trim to go around the double din screen but can't find one anywhere....
Type: Posts; User: icerain; Keyword(s):
I have a 01 CLK. Anyone ever do an install where the radio is on one of these? I've looked everywhere for a wood grain piece of trim to go around the double din screen but can't find one anywhere....
if you want to pay 230 shipped kevin22 its yours if not junglisitc you can have it for that price
I will sell it for 200 then but I wont pay for the shipping
Oh I didnt know people were getting them for that cheap. I actually paid 260 for this thing sorry.
Wow people are tight with money in this forum huh? I will give it to someone for $215 but they will have to pay for shipping.
This is still available if anyone wants it
50 dollars
I am selling a Jensen JPA460 Amplifier. Whoever wants to make me an offer feel free. Its pretty much new. I did have it hooked up for about 5 months although most of that time I didnt use it. It is...
$230 SHIPPED...You can pay by PAYPAL and I will ship it out as soon as I get confirmation of payment.
NO way...sorry thats just way too little and I have someone interested at the moment
This is still available
This is a Brand New 7" VGA + Video + Touch Screen TFT LCD Monitor. Lilliput 619GL-70NP/C/T. It was opened and I was going to install it in my car although it didnt fit.
anyone still interested?
massachusetts 01915
I'm selling my Opus 150 watt power supply. In perfect condition. Used it for about 3 months. I'm looking to get 90 plus shipping. Anyone interested email me at [email protected]
thanks guys...couldnt have done it without the help of everyone on this site I appreciate it
Some pictures of the blazer. Almost done...
sorry i'll slim them down
Its been about a week but I finally have got this thing almost finished. I cut the bottom of my middle console in my blazer and put ps2 in it then fiberglassed it in...this is it so far with 3 coats...
Hey anyone have any idea where I can get some ideas about hooking up ps2 to my carputer and then out to my amp? I have nothing to control the volume of my ps2 so I want to be able to control it...
Ok so I guess I cant use the quick connect to go from my 8 gauge wire to the opus power supply wires. How do I connect 8 gauge wires to the opus? Do i have to solder the wires together?.... Better...
I love quick connect...no but seriously could someone tell me if I can use the red power wire that I got in my amp kit for a ground wire? I had just my amp hooked up now I'm hooking up my opus 150...
Ok I got the opus 150w ps and I want to hook it up...right now I just have an 8 gauge cable from the battery along with an 8 gauge ground. I just want to see if this power supply will power my p4...


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The Most Bangin' Celebrity Bangs
Zooey Deschanel
There's a reason that when you type "Deschanel bangs" into Google, it yields over half a million results—the girl can rock the dense fringe like no one else! Zooey's signature bangs frame her face in just the right way: long enough to rest right above her eyelashes, highlighting her doe-like eyes, but not too long that people mistake her for a member of the Ramones.
_Photo source: PR Photos
Tyra Banks
Tyra openly jokes about the size of her "fivehead," but since she's all about workin' with what she's got, her thick, straight-across bang style minimizes the "flaw."We think she looks sassier than ever!
_Photo source: PR Photos
Vanessa Hudgens
Zack Efron's ex-squeeze and former High School Musical star Vanessa Hudgens chopped off her luscious locks and added dense side-bangs for an upcoming role in Gimme Shelter. Even though the actress admits she misses her flowing, bang-free look, the dramatic 'do complements her foray into more serious, grown-up roles. We love this cut for anyone who wants to add edge to her style.
_Photo source: PR Photos
Sandra Bullock
When Sandra stepped onto the red carpet for the 2011 Golden Globes, donning thick fringe, social media sites nation-wide blew up with "OMGs." Why did the star opt for such a bold cut? Apparently, the bangs are only temporary for a role she is playing in upcoming film Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, but we think Sandy should consider this look permanently.
_Photo source: PR Photos
Olivia Wilde
Olivia Wilde has received a ton of attention for her sleek, wispy bangs—and for good reason! The layered fringe frames her green eyes perfectly, making her peepers all the more striking!
_Photo source: PR Photos
Reese Witherspoon
Outlining her heart-shaped face, Reese's trademark side-swept bangs perfectly complement her structure and soften her strong jaw-line. She achieved the impossible by making them appear choppy and uneven, yet sleek and neat—all in one cut!
_Photo source: PR Photos
Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi
Yes, Snooki got banged again. Ditching her signature poof and going for a more sophisticated, less "guidette" look, Snooki jumped back on the bang bandwagon with a choppy fringe. She excitedly posted a pre-MTV VMAs tweet saying, "Got my bangs back biAtches," accompanied by a sneak peak of her sassy cut. Let's hope she's retired the poof for good!
_Photo source: PR Photos


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ImageWell 3.2: editor adds font control
updated 02:50 pm EDT, Mon July 9, 2007
ImageWell 3.2
XtraLean Software has released ImageWell 3.2, an update to the image editor for everyday simple editing and quickly sending images, screenshots, and other files to other users over the Internet. The tool includes upload support for Flickr, SmugMug and ImageShack, and is free. XtraLean also sells ImageWell Xtras, which adds batch image processing (and batch uploading), the ability to drag and drop multiple images onto the canvas, plus a new Template feature for applying saved edit attributes to other images. This version adds a new built-in font control panel, the ability to create font collections, faster application launch speed, and many more enhancements. It requires Mac OS X 10.3.9 or higher and supports both Intel Macs and Power PCs. The new release is available as a 925KB download.


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McWeeny has a theory about this movie
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December 12 2012, 07:05 PM
Rear Admiral
Location: Spokane, WA, USA
Re: McWeeny has a theory about this movie
I'm having a hard time buying the April theory. I think it's more likely the piece of concept art was a disinformation plant.
Even with the changes to the timeline, the only commonality between Cumberbatch and what little has been established or even conjectured about April is that he's British. Otherwise he's the wrong age, has a totally different history, different personality, different motivations, different everything. Certainly they could still call him Robert April (presumably after revealing that the name John Harrison is an alias) but to do so would be virtually meaningless. They might as well call him Cyrano Jones or Harry Mudd for all the relevance it has.
Then again, these are the same people who applied the name Delta Vega to a completely different planet just to give a shout-out to the relatively few people who would recognize it, so who knows?
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2009 photo by MARY SCHROEDER/Detroit Free Press
Detroit, which has about 700,000 residents, would be the largest city by population to have filed for Chapter 9. Given the slow pace of reform, it's becoming increasingly unlikely Detroit can remain solvent. / February photo by Jeff Kowalsky/Bloomberg
Left: Gov. Rick Snyder, left, and Detroit Mayor Dave Bing say they want to avoid a bankruptcy filing. Right: State Treasurer Andy Dillon warned that an emergency financial manager may have to be appointed. / 2011 photo by Tony Ding/ASSOCIATED PRESS
William (Kriss) Andrews, the program management director overseeing Detroit's reform agenda, said he and Bing's office believe the city will be able to manage the cash crisis with furloughs and other cuts yet unidentified. / October photo by MANDI WRIGHT/Detroit Free Press
June photo by William Archie/DFP
Detroit's seemingly intractable financial crisis is bringing to the fore talk about Detroit becoming America's largest city to go bankrupt.
But Detroit filing for Chapter 9 municipal bankruptcy protection would be a drastic last option, one that would ignite a costly battle with lawyers representing creditors, city worker unions and retirees that could last for years, bankruptcy experts say.
Detroit could end up with legal bills in the hundreds of millions of dollars and far more cuts in its already-meager public services, meaning potentially fewer cops and firefighters and more city departments privatized or eliminated outright. Workers could be terminated, and those who stay would face deep pay and benefits cuts. A federal bankruptcy judge could allow the city -- or the state, through an emergency financial manager -- to rewrite labor contracts or toss them out altogether. The city could find itself proposing the sale of major city assets to pay down its enormous debts.
"It's a situation of 'Be careful what you wish for,' " said John Pottow, a University of Michigan Law School professor whose expertise is in bankruptcy law.
Those who think it would be better to move the battle over Detroit's financial future out of political deadlock in the corridors of City Hall and the state Capitol and into a federal courtroom might be surprised at what Pottow calls "a new normal." He sees federal bankruptcy judges becoming much more aggressive in forcing change on distressed local governments.
"The judges are much more involved," Pottow said. "They're reflecting an amenability to serious labor cuts, and I think that's surprising to a lot of people who didn't think they'd do much in bankruptcy. We are in a new era of Chapter 9 and using it in new ways. It's an unknown, uncharted and unpredictable process."
To be sure, Detroit Mayor Dave Bing and Gov. Rick Snyder say they want to avoid a bankruptcy filing for Michigan's largest city.
That wish was underscored last week with Treasurer Andy Dillon's blunt warning that unless Detroit can manage a seemingly impossible amount of change in the next five weeks -- including the City Council approving crucial contracts on Tuesday aimed at restructuring city government -- the state will be left with little choice but to appoint an emergency financial manager. Dillon said the 30-day review process to install a manager will begin this week.
But given the slow pace of reform and the political clash over how to get there, it's becoming increasingly unlikely Detroit can remain solvent. Snyder told the Free Press last week that his staff has begun reviewing municipal bankruptcies in other states, and the picture is not one they want to replicate in Michigan.
One high-ranking city official, speaking on condition of anonymity, confirmed that Dillon told city officials the state has begun preliminary discussions about the level of losses the state might ask the city's major creditors to take in case bankruptcy can't be avoided. The Bing administration insists it's working on a turnaround and not bankruptcy. But on Friday, Bing acknowledged it's a possibility that he's working strenuously to avoid.
Douglas Bernstein, who leads the banking, bankruptcy and creditors' rights practice at Plunkett Cooney law firm in Bloomfield Hills, said that although he couldn't comment directly on what's happening in Lansing with Detroit's crisis, "such preparations are prudent because there's contingency planning that has to be done."
"Ideally, you hope to do a restructuring outside of bankruptcy -- bankruptcy being the last resort," Bernstein said Friday. "That being said, you should have a contingency plan in the event you're unable to do it."
'It's going to be hard'
Bing and his staff had hoped for more time for Detroit's financial stability agreement to extract reforms through pay cuts to city workers and reductions in pension and health care benefits. City officials say the cuts could save Detroit more than $100 million a year, and the savings will begin to bear fruit in early 2013.
Unlike a federal bankruptcy judge who may have little or no ties to Detroit, the joint city-state financial advisory board that has major sway over the city's finances has considered both the urgent need to fix Detroit's budget crises and the need to maintain crucial public services, said William (Kriss) Andrews, the program management director overseeing Detroit's reform agenda.
"They've taken a wise and broad view, an enlightened view, of its charter to do both things," Andrews said. "We fully intend to be successful. It's going to be hard, and we recognize that."
Andrews was adamant that the city does not want to file for Chapter 9 and is not working on preparations for it or exploring the potential impact.
"There could be all sorts of implications, and trying to sort them all out right now is premature and inappropriate," Andrews said. "Right now, we're trying to implement the reform agenda, and that's what we're working on."
Council action
The council is scheduled to vote Tuesday on new contracts for auditing firms to review fraud in the city's workers compensation claims and in health care dependency eligibility, and another to review how Detroit collects property taxes.
The council also will revisit a controversial $300,000 contract for the Miller Canfield law firm, which Bing hired to advise him on the city's consent agreement. The council previously rejected the contract, saying the law firm has conflicts of interest because it helped write the state's now-repealed emergency manager law, as well as the financial stability agreement that so far has failed to fix Detroit's fiscal mess.
Those contracts are among several goals Bing and the state agreed to meet in order for the state Treasury to release $30 million in bond proceeds to keep the city afloat. Bing warned city employees that there will be widespread furloughs beginning in January and layoffs as soon as he can negotiate them with city unions -- even if the city gets the $30 million.
The deadlock was underscored when Moody's Investors Service downgraded Detroit's bond rating deeper into junk status. Moody's cited uncertainty after the repeal Nov. 6 of Public Act 4, the emergency manager law, as weakening state oversight of Detroit and raising the risk of a city bankruptcy or default in the next 12-24 months.
Bing's administration says the city will be able to make payroll through the end of the year, but the city is on track to be $47 million in the hole by June 30 without an influx of cash from the $137-million bond sale that was intended to keep Detroit solvent while it restructures.
Andrews said Detroit is not now at risk of missing debt payments, and he and Bing's office said they believed the city will be able to manage the cash crisis with furloughs and other cuts yet unidentified. Union officials, however, question whether the savings from furloughs outweigh the disruption to city services.
But absent the ability of the city to significantly modify collective-bargaining agreements -- a power that died with Public Act 4 -- "I think it ends up being inevitable" that Detroit will file for bankruptcy, Bernstein said.
"At some point, the city is going to be at the brink where it can no longer afford to negotiate and it has to move forward with a plan," Bernstein said. "I don't know right now what that point is or what date."
About the process
A bankruptcy filing would be a complicated, painful process that could stretch out for years, lengthened in no small part by political divisions and opposition from city unions and creditors.
Bernstein noted that without appointment of an emergency financial manager, there could be a legal battle between Bing and the council over who represents the city in bankruptcy court, and legal challenges from retirees and creditors over whether Detroit qualifies for bankruptcy protection.
To qualify for bankruptcy protection, Detroit would have to prove:
It is unable to pay bills as they come in.
It wants to create a plan to fix its financial problems.
It has either reached agreement with a majority of its creditors or negotiated in good faith with creditors but has been unable to reach a resolution.
That area of law is one of the main drawbacks to a bankruptcy filing, spurring costly, time-consuming battles as creditors "fight like banshees over the efficacy of the petition, whether the petition should be filed," said Andrews, who before being hired by Bing worked as an executive for a company that filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy in February and ended up laying off 300 employees. "And months go by with you only paying professionals to argue about whether you have the right to file in the first place."
Andrews wouldn't speculate on what sorts of cuts the city might seek, but the stakes are clear. Detroit's long-term debt alone exceeds $12 billion in retiree pension and benefits costs and bonds. That would make it by far the largest U.S. municipal bankruptcy ever. Detroit, with about 700,000 residents, also would be the largest city by population to have filed for Chapter 9.
'A stigma attached'
Despite recent high-profile bankruptcy filings, Chapter 9 occurs infrequently compared with corporate or personal bankruptcies, with fewer than 700 filed since the 1930s, experts say. A Detroit bankruptcy would put the city in company with a growing number of municipalities across the country that ran into deep trouble amid the Great Recession and its housing crash. That recession was exacerbated in the Motor City by rapid depopulation, high poverty rates, blight and loss of manufacturing jobs.
Detroit's debts dwarf the more than $4.2-billion bankruptcy filing in 2011 of Jefferson County, Ala., with Birmingham as its county seat. That bankruptcy was triggered largely over a sewer bond debt.
The largest U.S. city to file for Chapter 9 was Stockton, Calif., population 300,000, with $700 million in bond debt and nearly $150 million in unfunded pension obligations. That city east of San Francisco filed for bankruptcy protection in June, followed just weeks later by the smaller San Bernardino, east of Los Angeles, with $1 billion in debt.
Part of what has kept municipal bankruptcies low compared with corporate or personal bankruptcies is the badge of shame associated with it, Bernstein said.
"From a city standpoint, right or wrong, there's still a stigma attached," he said. "In the old days, it was perceived that if you filed for bankruptcy protection, you'd failed. In my practice, the stigma is reduced, but in certain circumstances, it's still there."
Bernstein argues that there's an optimistic side to bankruptcy, giving cities the chance to clear out debt, reduce legacy costs and restructure government with a "clean sheet going forward."
But it's a painful process to get there. Municipal bankruptcies can result in reduced public services, further work force cuts, consolidation or elimination of some departments and drastic reductions to pay and benefits for workers who keep their jobs. Current workers and retirees could lose health care benefits outright or see them significantly scaled back. Those are among the costs strangling Detroit, which already has reduced health care and pension benefits for current city workers and trimmed health care for retirees.
It also could mean new taxes on residents, workers and businesses to boost the city's revenue, although hefty increases aren't likely, Pottow said.
"Substantial tax increases to raise revenue is not viable for a city as economically fragile as Detroit," Pottow said. "Creditors aren't stupid. They know that."
'Bankruptcy hangover'
Vallejo, Calif., is still recovering from three years in Chapter 9, a year after it emerged from bankruptcy, having spent $12 million in legal fees alone.
The shipyard town filed for bankruptcy in May 2008, buried under what City Manager Daniel Keen said were generous pay and benefits packages the town northeast of San Francisco could no longer afford.
Today, Vallejo operates on a comparative shoestring. Before bankruptcy, the city of 115,000 residents had 148 police officers; it's now down to 93. The city said it had no choice but to close several fire stations. Every department in the city took at least a 25% cut in staffing. Vallejo stopped street maintenance for several years. It whittled previously generous health care benefits for most employees to what Keen said is now a minimal plan. And a bankruptcy judge approved dissolving some employee union contracts and restructuring others.
Keen said the city's work force of about 500 now is "a bare-bones of staff doing the same work required to serve a city of 115,000 people."
"The public safety needs didn't go away. We didn't have fewer police situations. We didn't have fewer fires. We didn't have fewer street problems," Keen said. "It's been a real challenge."
But worse, he said, is the perception of financial failure. Keen said he's working to give people confidence that Vallejo is a city that works within its means to grow its economy.
"The decision to go into bankruptcy has changed the relationship of the city to its residents, and the stigma of going into bankruptcy is not something I would wish on anyone," Keen said. "Time will tell how long it takes to get rid of that reputation. We're going to be dealing with the bankruptcy hangover for a long time."
Detroit council President Charles Pugh acknowledges that his city faces those same prospects, despite its often acrimonious efforts to reduce costs and cut wages and benefits to avoid deeper state intervention.
"It's frustrating and scary at the same time," said Pugh, who still considers Chapter 9 a last resort.
"We can't keep spending money we don't have, either," he said. "At some point, we have to come to a resolution. Plans on paper are only as good as their execution. The reality is, it would be painful."
Contact Matt Helms: 313-222-1450 or firstname.lastname@example.com
More Details: Q+A about bankruptcy
How would Chapter 9 bankruptcy affect the residents of Detroit? Here are some answers to common questions.
QUESTION: Might city services be cut more?
ANSWER: It would certainly be an option. Detroit Mayor Dave Bing and the City Council already have worked to transfer the citys health and human services departments to private nonprofit entities, for example, and Bing privatized management of the Detroit Department of Transportation. City officials or an emergency financial manager could propose more of the same in other departments.
Q: As a resident, would my taxes go up?
A: Quite possibly. The city could choose from a variety of taxes to raise, although experts say steep increases arent likely because residents and businesses already are highly taxed, and more taxes could hurt an already fragile city.
Q: Could Detroit be forced to sell off assets?
A: Under the federal bankruptcy code, creditors and judges cant force the city to do so, but the city or an emergency financial manager could propose selling assets to pay debts provided that wouldnt adversely affect crucial public services or violate the city charter.
Q: Can union contracts be terminated?
A: Yes. The city or an emergency financial manager could propose big changes or dissolve them altogether, provided the judge sees it as legal and the best way forward.
Q: What about my pension?
A: If youre already retired and collecting a pension, that benefit is pretty much untouchable. But pension benefits for current workers could be significantly reduced or restructured.
Q: What about health care benefits?
A: They could be cut drastically or eliminated, for both retirees and active city workers, if the city seeks that option and a bankruptcy judge approves it.
What happens under Chapter 9
Under current state law which could change if the Legislature and Gov. Rick Snyder approve a new emergency manager law this week the only person who can request a municipal bankruptcy is an emergency financial manager appointed by the state.
That manager would recommend bankruptcy to the local emergency financial assistance loan board, a committee of gubernatorial appointees who could either accept or reject it.
Voters repealed Public Act 4 in November, and although the governor and state Attorney General Bill Schuette say the state reverts to its previous law Public Act 72 thats being challenged in court by unions. If not an emergency financial manager, its not clear whom the city might select to handle a potential Chapter 9 filing, or whether Mayor Dave Bing and the City Council could agree on one candidate.
If Snyders board were to approve a bankruptcy filing, the chief judge of the Cincinnati-based U.S. 6th Circuit Court of Appeals would appoint a judge to handle the case. Creditors, unions and others fearful of losing money or benefits could mount a lengthy challenge on whether the city qualifies for Chapter 9 under the federal bankruptcy code. Given the stakes and the amount of Detroits debts, the entire process could drag out for years and cost the city hundreds of millions of dollars in legal fees.


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The new season of "Dancing With The Stars" debuted last night and, big surprise, notorious hot mess Andy Dick has already had a tearful moment as he struggled to nail the moves.
Dick, who has publically struggled with sobriety since appearing on "Celebrity Rehab," told ET that he "just hit a wall" and began to cry uncontrollably.
"I was feeling like I wasn't getting the dance, and I just wasn't…I had to change my attitude and my concentration level. Because when I'd get frustrated, I'd just shut down entirely…This is better than rehab," the comedian explained.
Dick wasn't the only funny guy to have a rough time — D.L. Hughely also placed in the bottom of last night's show, with a performance called "disappointing."
Disney star Zendaya wowed the crowd with her moves, which isn't surprising; the 16-year-old is trained as a hip-hop dancer. She is also the youngest contestant to ever appear on the show


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