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Companion thread to:2006 Unconventional Sleep Systems Manifesto
Edited by cmcrooker on 06/07/2006 08:32:50 MDT.
I was surprised to see that RAB's elite top bag had the highest loft/weight ratio.
From your article, a quilt and Vapour (non-waterproof top) bivi bag would seem the best compromise: I have an (untried) suggestion--- by sewing 4 tapes to the bivi bag near its top corners and similarly sewing tapes to the quilt (but (in both cases) in from the edges to allow it to drape), this could allow the user to roll about a bit more securely. A small zip at the foot end would be needed.Also, I was surprised by the TopBag ratings: surely a top bag with more top looser outer shell is very similar to the quilt/bag system.
This is a very good article. Some of this is so fresh it has never been discussed in print that I know of. The explanation of how conventional and unconventional systems are used including rotating inside of an unconventional sleep system was especially well done.Some comments:1) I think an important point was overlooked when it comes to calculating weight savings with some quilt based sleep systems.My experience with a gear list based on quilt sleep Systems in recent years is that you do save weight and gain a lot of flexibility and comfort for wider ranging conditions over a typical mummy bag based gear list. While active in camp I need to be warm while relatively inactive collecting water, cooking and eating so I need sufficient clothing insulation for the conditions just as I would need if using a mummy bag. Combining this into my sleep system allows me to carry lighter weight dedicated sleeping gear that adds only the amount of extra insulation I need for sleeping. That is hard to do with most mummy bags because they do not have the internal girth needed for this and are not adjustable for varying amounts of additional insulated clothing. I use Arc type quilts which have the girth to accommodate my insulated clothing without compressing loft.On a recent trip, one night I was very much too warm and my quilt enables me to sleep cooler on a warmer night by running the straps over the top of the quilt and adjusting them to provide a constant small gap of ventilation to keep me from overheating. The next night we were higher up and it was much colder. I strapped the quilt to my pad to seal out drafts. The first night I did not wear my down balaclava as the hood for my quilt the second night I did wear it as the hood for my quilt. I also wore the down balaclava in camp with my jacket achieving dual use. Neither night did I need to wear clothing insulation inside the quilt. Had temps gone down another 10 degrees I would have worn my jacket inside the quilt. The weight savings over the 25º down mummy I would have brought if I didn't have this unconventional sleep system is 6 to 10 oz depending on which of my two quilts I had brought. Turns out I should have brought the lighter quilt on this trip but my clothing insulation would not have been changed.2) I also think "drafts" in the context of Unconventional Sleep systems needs defining and discussion. We normally think of drafts as being steady or ongoing air movement and not easily controllable. In sleep systems I think we are really talking about two separate things - air infiltration and thermal cold spots. Air infiltration is outside air moving inside. Thermal Cold spots result from lack of or insufficient insulation between you and outside air with at least one layer of fabric between. Air infiltration is typically transient in well designed products. A bivy used with a quilt or top bag serves only to reduce air infiltration should the quilt or top bag not manage that sufficiently well on its own. A bivy does not help with cold spots. Thermal cold spots will result when an un-insulated area of fabric is between you and outside air as could occur with a quilt in a bivy sack or a top bag when the insulated area is lifted off your ground insulation. Prevention of cold spots should be addressed in the design of the quilt or top bag. With some quilts air infiltration is part of an intentional design to be used and managed for increasing comfort when desired and eliminated when it is undesirable.Quilts are intended to be more flexible than a mummy bag. With a well designed quilt such as an Arc Alpinist features are provided to enable you to control air infiltration providing it when you want it, restricting it when you don't and head insulation is optional. With the quilt simply draped over you it performs much like a conventional mummy bag opened up and draped over you. If it drapes well it conforms to the body and when you are not moving Air infiltration is sealed out by the lengths of excess down to either side of you. At the neck you can draw the material close to seal to the extent desired but you will have brief air infiltration as you move around in the night and that may be desirable in warmer conditions. When that arrangement is too hot with this quilt you can use the straps to create air infiltration to varying degrees by running them over the top of the quilt and adjusting them to lift the edges of the quilt to break the natural seal to the desired extent. In colder conditions when you don't want air infiltration but you still want freedom to move around in your sleep you can strap the quilt to your pad and draw the neck cord. Air infiltration is well controlled at this point. Add a down balaclava and draw the quilts neck cord to seal to it and you can turn in your sleep without breathing into a hood. Your body weight is sealing the quilt to the pad in the areas above and below the straps. To create air infiltration at this point you have to lift you upper body or you lower body below the straps off the pad or grab the lower quilt and twist it around enough to expose the open bottom. When it is cold enough to approach the thermal limits of the quilts loft you can trade interior space and freedom of movement for maximum thermal efficiency by minimize excess girth. Run the quilt straps over the pad, under your body and adjust them for a close fit. Stay on your back to stay sealed to your pad.I rotate inside my quilt, sleep on either side and draw a leg or two up inside my quilt. When I rotate I rotate inside without pulling on the quilt so the quilt does not follow me and stays sealed to the pad unless I have the neck cord drawn. If it is cold and I have the neck cord drawn I will need to un-rotate the neck area which I do unconsciously with a slight tug. I do not have any problem at all with air infiltration unless I raise my upper body excessively breaking the seal under my neck that is normally sealed by my makeshift pillow. On warm nights this is desirable and a cooling tool I use. If designing my quilt again I would make a small change to insulate a small additional area near and under the neck when the quilt is closed at the neck.3) While they work together to provide a comfortable nights sleep I consider my sleeping insulation system and my shelter system to be separate systems and a bivy is a part of the shelter system. If I bring a tent I don't bring a bivy. If I bring a tarp a bivy is substituting for tent features absent in a tarp. To me a bivy is part of the shelter system and while taken into consideration when making a gear list it is not a significant factor in deciding on my choice of sleeping insulation. I have rarely used a bivy with my quilt and I sleep mostly in open AT style shelters, or floorless tarp shelters exposed to light wind. Only in conditions where I need more protection from strong wind or blown moisture do I use a bivy or a tent.
Last winter I made an observation that seems so simple that I'm surprised no one else has made mention of it before.Due to various factors one evening I ended up with a very wet down mummy bag. I'm one of those people who rolls over on a regular basis and due to the weight of the sodden down found it easier to rotate inside the bag instead of my normal pattern of rotating the bag with my body. After several hours I observed increased loft in the stationary upper portion of my bag.I believe this is because the stationary portion of down above my body had constant body heat to drive much of the moisture out. If the bag was rotated normally ones rising body heat would have been distributed to a larger portion of damp down for shorter periods of time resulting in less drying of the most important portion above ones body.It seems to me that the stable heat path created by the stationary insulation in quilts and top bag designs should move the dew point closer to the exterior shell than a regularly rotated mummy bag.So, with the exception of the night mentioned above, am I all wet?Robert
I am puzzled by the blind spot in the definition of a quilt. It seems that it is assumed that a quilt will have no hood. But WHY? It makes NO sense.I make a lot of my own gear. My light sleeping bag has 300 g of 800 loft down in 250 g Pertex microlight shell (with 3/4 length zip). This SB, with standard thermals, a good air mat and a tent, is just adequate down to freezing point. I cheat a bit when it's that cold: I snuggle up to my wife in our tent. Believe me, this helps!But for the last year I have been using the bag as a quilt with great success.The closed foot box keeps everything under control at the lower end. The HOOD, yes, HOOD, goes over my head. All this worry about draft channels disappears: the hood blocks any drafts, and keeps the upper half under control. And I have acres of space to wriggle around, UNDER the quilt.From physiology PoV, your head is the most crucial part of your body. Your body will keep your head warm even if that means your feet get frostbite. So why in hell's name should you cut the hood off a quilt designed for use in winter? It simply does not make sense!For even colder conditions (recently) we took these bags and a lighter summer quilt with only 150 g of 650 loft down with us. We drew the extra bag over the top of our two SBs. We also had 'ski hats' of 200-weight fleece on our heads. We were *warm* at -5 C, under the double quilts.I think SB design has a long way to go yet, and it needs a bit more engineering/physiology input. Some current fashions, like cutting the hood off, have got to die.
Roger,Recently, I was experimenting with using a mummy bag in "quilt" mode. The "footbox" was zippered up to the level of the rear of the knee joint. This worked precisely as you stated to "keep everything under control at the lower end".At the upper end, tucking the right zip bag just a bit under my left shoulder allowed the hood to be used in a manner nearly identical to how it would be deployed when totally zipped up in mummy bag mode. After donning the hood, i was further able to tuck the right side under my right shoulder and obtained a pretty good seal around the neck and shoulders. So, my personal experience agrees with your own observations.Now, in my case, i was using a short-length mummy bag, but still had a few inches to play with. I was able to get the hood to "dress" nicely and evenly on both sides of my head and face. Perhaps if someone were at the maximum size limit for a particular mummy bag, it might be a bit more difficult to get the hood to dress evenly on both sides of their face? Personally, other than on warm-to-hot summer nights, i still prefer a tightly zipped and sealed mummy bag, but i believe that you are absolutely correct that a quilt does not necessarily obviate the need or usefulness of an attached hood.Others may rightly cite the dual-use aspect of a separate down hood or balaclava as serving a purpose similar to an attached hood, yet still have utility for around camp use when necessary.Anyways, not that your observations require such, but i thought that i would just post and validate your observations.
Edited by pj on 05/08/2006 06:37:13 MDT.
Roger,I think it depends - are we talking about a light summer quilt, as you were when you started, or a "quilt designed for use in winter"? For a light summer quilt - and I think that very few of the folks in this thread are contemplating a quilt for subzero temps, though I'm sure some are - the warm headgear you bring with you should be enough. In keeping with the ultralight ethos, I'd plan on bringing a warm, hooded parka on a colder trip, and could just wear that inside the bag/quilt with the hood on. No one is saying that hoods don't work, or that head warmth isn't important - we're saying that a sleeping bag hood isn't the most weight-efficient way to achieve that level of warmth.Ben
This is a good article to start the thinking...However, it does seems like it is focused on mummyesk solutions. The presentation is almost entirely on the top bag style and wearable systems that retain the mummy approach...While this is enlightening,it misses the versitility of the true quilt approach...Additionally, there are true quilts that are wearable, most notably the Jacksrbetter No Sniveller and the JRB Stealth models.... These top quality 800+ pf models easily cover three season and summer applications and are as light as 15 oz...Notably, there is a JRB Down Hood which integrates to the resealable head hole or can be used alone with any hoodless bag or quilt...at 2 oz this hood is twice as light as any other down hood or balaclava available.While this article does not discuss the design principle of these serape or poncho like quilts it is noted that a companion article is in the making...Hopefully, it will broaden both the design perameters to include these available designs and the breath of manufactures producing quality wearable quilts/alternative sleeping systems.It is noteworthy that in the staff vinettes of gear at the end of this theoretical article 33percent are using JRB quilts.Looking forward to broadening alternative approaches and a companion article with a wider market survey.PanJRB Co-Owner
Edited by Peter_pan on 05/08/2006 08:19:24 MDT.
Anon writes:>> Not enough weight was put on loft:weight raio when that heavy *BEEP* frog sac got a higher overall rating that the quantum top bag.The $99 MSRP Frog Sac achieved the highest "Value" score of any bag tested, contributing to its overall rank. For hikers looking for the absolute best equipment where price is no object, please take a look at the "Subtotal" column in the chart.Cheers,-Mike
"It seems that it is assumed that a quilt will have no hood. But WHY? It makes NO sense."Roger,There probably is a market for one with an attached hood.For my quilt the reasons were intended use as well as practicalities. You could permanently attach a hood to the top or side of a quilt but it would probably be in the way when it is too warm and adds un-needed weight in warmer weather where a hood is simply too warm. Does a hood really need to be attached? A hood could be made that is removable yet attaches in a fixed position but you loose the ability to roll from side to side without breathing into the hood. An optional hood/Balaclava is pretty much where we are now where you skip the hood in warmer weather and bring a hood that provides the appropriate amount of additional insulation for cooler conditions. The head outside of a hood helps with comfort on a too warm night. I think quilts so far have been designed to work well in the warmer months and extended into colder conditions by adding options such as a hood or clothing and straps. There probably is a market for a quilt designed for cold weather that incorporates an attached hood. For me camping at varying elevations in warmer months, being too hot is frequently an issue yet there are colder nights at elevation where I need more warmth on the same trip. No hood and a vented quilt works down low and battening down the hatches works up higher. If I need any head insulation at all my sun hat, jacket or a thin fabric balaclava will do. I can decide what level of head insulation to bring before the trip. A much thinner quilt with a very thin hood might work for the warmer nights but when you go higher and colder you still need more insulation and your options are now pretty much limited to wearing extra clothes. Clothes tend to have a lower warmth to weight ratio but the system should work fine. I have not brought a hood on my summer trips and saved those few ounces while retaining the possibility of using other gear to create make shift head warmth in the event of unplanned for cold. I haven't need to do that so far. Outside of summer I bring a hood.
Edited by photonstove on 05/10/2006 18:15:28 MDT.
Perhaps I had better explain a bit more what my hood looks like and how I use it in the cold. I am not sure the word 'hood' means the same thing to everyone.Imaging a quilt with the bottom sewn together for a foot box, or a single tapered hoodless bag with a 3/4 length zip. Now add a generous semi-circular extension to the top end in the middle. This is my hood. It can be opened out flat: there are no fancies in the design. I made these two bags (wife and me) myself - quite easy to do.In the cold, I snuggle down into the bag (which is long enough!) and throw the hood right over the top of my head. The edge of the hood does actually touch the ground or my mat all the way around. I usually pull it back from face a bit if I am warm enough. In addition, the sides flop down on either side of my air mat: the quilt is not so narrrow that I am struggling to get a ground seal. If it's real cold, the breathing gap may collapse for a while, but this doesn't worry me. Enough oxygen diffuses in for me. My wife likes to wear a fleece cap/hood as well, but she doesn't like the hood over her head so much.But this means that there are no gaps around my body and head for drafts. So if the lay of the quilt over my body is a bit loose, this doesn't matter. The air inside warms up real quick - especially if am breathing out under the bag. So-called 'dead' air does not matter!This does require that the bag be not absolutely minimal in dimensions. True. It would be a little lighter if I made it shorter and narrower. But the savings would not be that great, while the potential for drafts and loss of warmth would be high. But the benefits of the generous size are enormous flexibility and comfort. I can sleep in any position I choose.In hot weather I can simply push the bag downwards, off my head and shoulders, and let some drafts in. If it is a really hot Australian summer night, I may actually sleep on top of my mat without the bag above my knees - this has happened!Sure, it would be nice to have lots of bags with a fine gradation of performance, but most of us lack the dollars and the storage space. (Don't forget the latter!) So a bag which can go from 30 F to 100 F isn't bad value.As it is, this bag has taken me down to freezing with me wearing thermals, and to -5 C (23 F) with a very light quilt over the top. But I do sleep next to my wife! You should never underestimate the value of having a warm sleeping partner. But I hesitate to include this under 'unconventional sleep systems'!Weights:250 g Pertex microlight shell 8.8 oz300 g of 800 loft down 10.6 ozThat's 550 g total 19.4 ozSpare quilt 150 g of down 5.3 oz (shell not included - cheap and heavy)My (our) current thinking is to keep these bags for winter snow trips by adding a UL quilt with about 300 g of 800 loft down to go over the two of us. A bit of a single-layer foot box at the bottom to go under our feet, and maybe something at the top corners to control the top end. Maybe a bit of string to tie to some other gear - movable rather than fixed under the mat?Cheers
Thanks for this series of articles, it was well put together and very refreshing to have a subject dealt with on more than just one level and more than just one time. So many times we get just a little discussion on a subject before the article ends and then are forced to rely on a talk group format to get any more discussion and many times all we recieve is personal "opinion" and not facts that are the result of investigation or just plain old use. Personally I am a warm sleeper and like to toss and turn when sleeping, so I have found more to my liking to use Semi-rectangular bags and turn inside the bag instead of rolling around with the bag. And I have definetely found that when you roll off the sleeping pad that your body knows it and you either wake up or continue to sleep in a uncomfortable fashion, which can lead to loss of sleep and results in less than peak performance both mentally and physically. I think that many of the ventilation problems of top bags are not problems but instead a welcome relief for anyone that sleeps "warm". I have tried many sleep systems and gone through many bags in the past, but I now use the Big Agnes system and have never slept better. If comfortable sleep is so important to restoring energy to the body then it is my luxury item and I will do whatever it takes to be able to recover from a hard day at work on the trail. When Big Agnes came out with thier sleep system it made and still does make perfect sense. It is nice to see a small company take on the big boys with a better idea and let the consumer that actually uses the product (instead of just reading about it and giving lip service) the benefit. The chance to sleep in comfort and truly derive benefit from it is welcomed anytime.Rex
An article on the nature/principle of insulation would be good (I couldn't find any):How well contained does air need to be to be viewed as 'still' , what is the optimum size of air pocket etc.Polyester wadding seems pretty open, so how come it doesnt lose heat via convective air currents whereas a similarair gap between two shell fabrics would?Also, as Down has the large flaw of losing insulation when wet (can't this be fixed, after all it comes from waterfowl), I wondered why there are no polyester 'sythetic copies' of down clusters, as presumably the structureis what gives it such a high loft to weight/compressibility ratio. Would any hikers be interested in high loft loop pile coarse fleece for simple quilts:needing no shell fabric (just an outer unproofed windproof bivi) would be robust, easy to wash, easily layered etc. I think Malden Mills tryed some for garments but testers thought was to coarse but wouldnt it be OK for blankets?
There is a boundary layer out to 6 mm from the insulation fiber that is "still" or a boundary layer between two fibers of up to 12 mm.The tangled nature of the polyester wadding provides the necessary boundary layer distances.Synthetic down is a patented product which has the trademark of Primaloft One. It is very close to the weight/compressibility ratio of down. It is prohibitively expensive for use in sleeping bags and it "doesn't look warm because it isn't very thick for a given temperature rating" based on mass market consumer studies.The clo/oz ratio of fleece is prohibitively poor. Polartec 300 (the thickest common fleece) only provides about .25" of loft and you need a minimum of 2" for sleeping in 20F temps.Explaining how insulation works is a relatively complicated subject. I doubt if most of the readers would want to wade through the level of detail it takes to understand it.
Edited by richard295 on 05/14/2006 15:54:13 MDT.
I've not posted here before, but I've have been experimenting with ultralight for the past ten years, having started backpacking in the early 70s.I presently use a Feathered Friends Wren II (winter wren) as my only 3-season warm insulation. As Ryan mentioned, the loose fit, especially midway, detracts somewhat from its overall efficiency, but the concept works.Why take even a relatively thin bag if its only use is for sleeping? Why wouldn't the more ideal ultralight approach be either a wearable bag or sleepable clothing? Having personally struck out on sleepable clothing, I find the wearable bag worthy of more development. Surely, one could rig up one's pack to create quick access to use the bag as a rest stop parka.I am a big fan of vapor barriers, starting with Stephenson's original no sweat shirt in the 70s. VBs have worked for me in temperatures as high as the low 40s. I couldn't help but think that Glen, Alan, and Ryan, could have used ultralight VB to good effect for their Wyoming trip when temps fell to 15 degrees.My latest rig uses one of Glen's ultralight plastic cloths taped up to make a waterproof bivy, used with vapor barrier clothes or sack. Total extra weight is under 3 ounces, including a VB 'shirt' I can wear. This gives me a waterproof/draftproof bag and less heat lost to insensible sweat evaporation. Very little moisture through the bag should mean less lost loft and better bag life. (I do assume the VB causes some heat loss due to the increased conductivity of moist air next to my skin.) I've used this same method of VB/insulation/VB on my hands and feet for many years to good effect.
I have some Silk Fleece that I bought about 2 years ago on sale from Thai Silks. It is still listed on the site. The price however is now $25.80 a yard. The color I have is called "Cranberry". It is a very nice.I have never used it and now wonder how warm it might be as a cover of some type. If S. Texas gets any cool weather again I will get it out and sleep under it and see how it works. It is listed as:80% Silk13% Polyester 7% ViscoseIt comes 55" wide and I have 3 yards. My guess is that it is between 3 and 5mm thick. I have 2mm neoprene and it is thicker than that.
Richard, Don't worry your little head about throwing a "relatively complicated subject" at the readers here. A more eclectic and geekier gaggle of techno nerds would be hard to find. If insulation were not complicated, we wouldn't still primarily be using goose down for backpacker's snuggies. Yes, the boundary layer is the operant insulator in fibrous materials, just as air micro-encapsulated in low-conductivity materials such as polyethelene is the operant insulator in foam sleeping pads. And so on. What we don't really have is a reliable system for comparing the virtues of different insulators under realistic field conditions. I agree with you about fleece.
Vick writes:>> What we don't really have is a reliable system for comparing the virtues of different insulators under realistic field conditions.Stay tuned, Guys. I'm working on an article comparing and testing the characteristics of (currently) six different sleeping bag insulations. It's on the Editorial Calendar for publication this fall.A bit off topic, but you might also want to peek at the Bag Rating Position Statement. We quietly updated it recently with some loft/warmth guidelines.Cheers,-Mike
Edited by MikeMartin on 05/14/2006 19:58:18 MDT.
this past winter i made a quilt that extends up past my head & has a slit for the head to poke through. this slit has an insulated collar about 4" long that loosely lays around the neck when needed, it can be gently snuged up around the neck to close off the cold/hot air exchange. i really don`t like the feeling of any thing "tight" around my neck, so the way i made the collar is w/ a channel for a very small, light weight elastic cord on the "outside" of the insulated collar. so when i pull the elastic cord through the micro cord-lock, it very gently draws the insulation around my neck, sealing in heat, w/o feeling restricted. the extra portion of the quilt just lays under my head & drapes around my shoulders. very efficient. i sleep in a hammock so the quilt works great for me! when i roll, my neck turns freely in the lightly compressed collar... even if i`m wearing a seperate hood of some kind. i got the basic idea for this from the "jacks are better" no sneveler. i haven`t seen there quilt in person to see just how there collar is made around the head-hole, but mabey i can take a look at it if they are going to be at "trail days" in damascus, va, this year (may 19-21). i realy like that basic idea of the head-hole w/ adjustable insulation around the neck. i also like there down sleves & hood! i`m planing to make another quilt much like the one i described, but w/ a little extra width to pull it around me & wear around camp when needed. ...tim
Tim,JRB will be vending at Trail Days (Fri and Sat)...Please stop and introduce yourself and demo the No Sniveller quilt....sleeve and hood too, while you are at it.Pan
Fleece/Pile has the useful property of having a string enough structure not to need a shell fabric, so if a special high loft, open, robust, Loop Pile fleece with loft weight ratio competitive with wadding, I thought this would be useful due to robustness, ease of washing, easy choice of number of layers.I dont think feeling coarser than clothing fleece would matter.The fact that washing is bad for wadding seems unfortunate.
Thanks to Richard Nisley for boundary information.(this should have been posted before last post)
Ryan,First of all – great set of articles. Especially, since a JRB quilt was rated #1 overall.But I have one question about the criteria. The loft to weight ratio bothers me. It really doesn't seem to be a meaningful measure of anything because there is so much difference in the parameters for each quilt/bag. Different dimensions, different baffle heights, different fill (synthetic vs. down) and different fill power down. Consider the following example. I could make a 3 foot square quilt out of 1.1 ounce ripstop nylon, baffled to 3 inches (7.62 cm), filled with 800 fill power down. Roughly speaking the ripstop would weigh 2.2 ounces (62.37 grams). Two square yards times 1.1 ounces per square yard. And the Down filling (no overstuff) would weigh 4.86 ounces (137.78 grams). 36" x 36" x 3" divided by 800. Disregarding the weight of the baffles the total weight of the quilt would be on the order of 7.06 ounces (200.15 grams or 0.20015 kg). The loft to weight ratio would be 38.07. That's huge compared to the items reviewed – but I think you'd have to agree a 3' x 3' quilt isn't going to keep anybody warm. What's the point of that measurement?It seems to me that a straightforward weight comparison and a loft comparison are more meaningful statistics.One other thing I found curious is the inconsistency in manufacturer temperature ratings for a particular single layer loft. This is a number I have been adamantly against establishing for JRB products because there are simply too many personal/individual variables involved. Then there's the liability issue when some novice takes a published rating to heart and suffers hypothermia. The experienced camper should understand his/her own body (cold or warm sleeper) and sleeping style (clothes types and amount worn) and know what thickness of bag he/she needs. Less experienced campers must be encouraged to take extra precautions until they understand their boundaries and the limitations of their equipment.Jack MyersJacks 'R' Better, LLC
if nothing happens, i`ll be there sat. thanks ...tim
"The HOOD, yes, HOOD, goes over my head."Sounds claustrophic to me. Also, what about capturing all the water that you exhale all night long? That can't be good for temperature control. And I prefer my inhaled air to fresh with minimal amounts of carbon dioxide.When I started reading your post I was envisioning a poncho slit toward the head end of the quilt that would allow you to stick your head out and cover your shoulders to prevent head-end drafts. A rollup hood could be installed just above the slit to be deployed when needed.
Here are a few points which occurred to me while reading the 2006 Unconventional Sleep Systems Manifesto1) Mummy bags - is anything really broken? I'm not religious about my RAB Quantum 200. It's just very comfortable to sleep in, and weighs precious little. Why RAB has added a zip and 200+ grams to the latest model is beyond my understanding.2) Why not question layer 2, the sleeping pad? Let's face it, John Wayne never blew up a Thermarest in any of his Westerns. I was unaware of sleeping pads when I started backpacking in the 60s. In fact, backpacking wasn't even called backpacking in Britain then, so things have changed. But one thing is still true. You do not need a sleeping pad for sleeping on turf, particularly in summer. Eventually, in the 70s, I became aware of the Karrimat, but didn't buy one because no need was obvious to me, even though I regularly camped in winter. Things changed when I started sleeping in bothies, to get away from midges and storms. Bothy floors are hard, but that's not the problem. The real difficulty is caused by their flatness. My torso ends up suspended between my highly compressed shoulder and hip regions. I have slept comfortably on pebbles by the seaside. Hip and shoulder hollows in the gravel distribute the load-bearing chore along my whole torso. Compression is low and sleep is good. Natural hollows are readily available in tussocky grass and it usually possible to find a pair which fit me. Sadly, bothy floors prevent sharing of the load so now I have a range of sleeping pads. (Old Karrimats never die, unlike Thermarests and Ridgerests.) There are a few reasons for not bringing in vegetation to make a mattress, including damage to the environment and ticks.In defence of layer 2, I have to say that a short, Prolite Thermarest seems very homely when I'm under a tarp and the whole world outside has turned to mud.3) Finally, if you've brought the wrong sleeping bag, as I did one January on a Derbyshire moor, put on your waterproofs, over all of your insulating clothing. If it is really cold, your waterproofs will probably be clean and dry so will not damage the sleeping bag. For some reason, waterproofs tend to be quite warm. Clearly this option is unavailable to anyone with a poncho-tarp.
Edited by JNDavis on 08/22/2006 05:52:23 MDT.
This article is an excelent starting place for a discussion of comparative sleep systems. I wanted to share my experience with Montbell's Super Stretch system found in their UL Down Hugger mummy bag series, which solves many of the disadvantages other bags had over quilts, as mentioned in the article. Anyone can research this online, but basically the SS inner baffle hugs the body lightly eliminating dead air space, and the independent outer baffles stretch to allow repositioning, turning "with the bag", or in my case, sitting upright crosslegged. Try that in any other mummy bag. I'm 5'10", but I bought the long to allow uncompressed room for my synthetic jacket if necessary. With or without extra layers, due to the SS system, it hugs me like a custom made mummy, but when I need it, it has up to 75.6"(!) of hip circumfrence; a double zipper so I can walk around the campsite with my feet out, and since it is long, the bottom 10" or so can be stuffed up into the bag and closed off with a drawstring. This gives extra insulation and sort of a pillow for the feet, a common pressure point problem for me with previous bags. The 510 gram #7 long is the core of my sleep system and I add a silk liner, gortex bivy, and worn clothing as necessary. I like loaning my "UL" SS bags to friends and hearing their amazement. Sorry if this sounds like a biased rant; but I wish someone had told me about these bags years ago. BTW, my tent is a 2 person Sierra Lightning at 2lbs per person carried weight and I use a Thermarest #3. At the edge of the shoulder seasons I can substitute my #3 long for the #7 long and get another 10'C out of my system.
OK, the Australian winter has been and gone. How did we go?We took our 550 g summer bags/quilts to the SNOW. A bit cool maybe? Obviously, so I made up another quilt to cover my wife and me. It was designed as a quilt/topbag. That is, it had plain fabric on the underside up to about the knees (top bag style), but was a quilt above that. The plain fabric tucked under the lower end of our two mats, which were taped together.I made the shell with Pertex Microlight - Quantum would have been lighter, but I didn't have any. The shell weighed about 325 g. I had 600 g of 800 loft down put in it.Now for the fiendishly cunning bit. My wife and I each used our summer bags, and we put this winter quilt over the top of the bags. My wife prefers to do her bag up as a mummy bag in winter, while I still sleep under my quilt - with it right over my head and just an air hole in front of my face. The winter quilt is long enough that it can go right over our heads if it gets real cold, or it can be pushed down a bit if it isn't that cold.The combination worked wonderfully. We had a wide range of warmth available, lots of room (compared to say the Valandre Mirage!), and the total weight for the three bags was way less than the total weight of our two traditional winter bags. In fact, if you take the 600 g of down in the outer bag plus the 300 g of down in the inner bag, a very crude approximation says the combination rates about 900 g of down. PLUS I had a 60 watt heater inside my bag (my wife, next to me).Note one neat thing: the outer bag was under NO tension over the top of us. It was able to fully loft. I made sure of that. And it was light enough that the inner bags under it were also able to loft very well. Any condensation happened on the outer bag. The summer bags stayed quite dry inside.However, my solution differs a bit from both the 'top bag' and the 'quilt' **as described in the article**. I make my quilts WIDER! That way we just don't have the draft tunnel problems. Frankly, the literal designs shown in the drawings for the top bag and the quilt look totally unacceptable to me: they are just too narrow or skimpy.Finally, in response to the question about breathing from under the hood. What do you do at home when it is cold? Me, I pull the quilt over my head. No trouble there at home. And I have no trouble doing this in the snow. The space under the hood stays warm enough that the condensation happens somewhere else - usually on the inside of the inner tent.Hey guys, theorise all you want. This system *works* for me and my wife, in the snow.
Excellent discussion; article and follow-up comments... Eric Levine mentioned familiarity with Jack Stephenson's products. Jack and a few others have to fall into a very special category in terms of thinking outside the box. And they've been at it since the late 50's/early 60's. All of a sudden people have discovered filling air mattresses with insulation, when Jack and his wife began doing that many years ago. I think one of the things that may have relegated Stephenson's Warmlite to the category of lunatic fringe is the nudity in his catalog - just one of Jack's quirks; he's one of a kind. (I'll never forget my shock when I opened his catalog 'way back in the 70's, having sent for it because another backpacker recommended the products but failed to explain that quirk. Nowadays I don't even think about that aspect, though.) You can go to his website - www.warmlite.com - and view the products and his *opinionated, passionate, maddeningly on-the-mark* commentary. You'll see the whole sleep system which long ago recognized that we compress the down we sleep on, and has overlapping quilt tops for varying temperatures as well as the outstanding tents (for which he is best known), vapor barrier clothing and a few other products. His son William runs the company today. It may be a niche market; in my mind it's one I'm thankful has continued to exist. The products are in the category of "expensive but so worth it". To me a discussion of unconventional sleep systems is incomplete without inclusion of Stephenson's Warmlite products and their history.Nope, I don't work for them - am just a fellow think-outside-the-box New Englander! Cheers to all from Mandy.
Edited by vermontsilkie on 03/29/2007 10:39:31 MDT.
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Hi to everyone! I am playing TOW since the time of Medieval 1, but only recently I've started playing online battles, and by recently I mean Napoleon. In the past times I was playing only LAN battles with my friends in internet cafes because I didn't have any fast internet connection to play online.
After this short forward I would like to post the following question: Why, when I play online, with people from the community I feel like I am playing with the AI ???!!!.
To be specific, why most of the people I've played with, never use any kind of tactics and instead they play as they were running in a program.
1 The battle begins
2 Start advancing the whole of your army towards the center of the field ( without any kind of maneuvering!!!)
3 Deploy the artillery
4 Start firing with your troops and artillery
5 Charge the cavalry to the rout the opposing one
6 END (repeat this to infinity!!!)
For example: do not start advancing your troops immediately as the battle begins. For God's sake at least see how I've deployed my forces, wait a minute, and make a PLAN to win!!! Try at least to maneuver some of your troops as a detachment to disrupt my attention or try to trick me anyway. And the most important: MAKE me THINK! By using your movements or actions that you are up to some kind of a HUMAN plan!!!
I am playing online because I want to feel the human presence and not to have the sense that I am playing against R2-D2!!!!!
I don't want to insult anyone, I started this post only to have a friendly conversation and nothing more. As I said before I am new in the TOW online community and don't know much of how things work here. Please try to correct me and guide me through the online aspect of the game.

subset: commoncrawl


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- SCU Home Page
- About SCU
- Admission
- Academics
- On Campus
- News & Info
- Alumni
Phone: 408-551-6090
Fax: 408-554-2346
Location: Nobili Hall
Spencer Arnold
Director of Operations
He holds a Master's degree in Information Systems and Technology and bachelor's in Business, specializing in Tourism and Hospitality Management both from Macquarie University in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. He also holds Sustainability Management specialty certificates in Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting and Responsible Global Change Management from the University of California at Berkeley.
A U.S. Air Force Veteran and child of military parents and with a career that has spanned varying industries and sectors, both nationally and internationally Spencer has spent as much time overseas as he has in the United States. He is very passionate about health and fitness, and is both a certified personal trainer and fitness nutritionist.


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10 Signs Your a Horror Movie JunkieMistressofHorror
Are you addicted to horror ? Do you need your fix of terror and gore ? Here's a list of signs that you may be Horror Movie junkie .
You've seen every movie in the Horror section of your local video store.
Your Horror DVD collection is worth the price of a week's vacation on a tropical beach.
You have been to a Horror convention or would really like the chance to.
When chatting with a group of your co-workers/friends/classmates you tell them details about that really scary/gory horror movie you just watched and they look at you as though you just grew a third eye and forked tongue.
It really irritates you when someone says things like " oh that Friday the 13th movie was so scary with that Micheal Myers killing all those kids !"
When you walk in the house announcing that you just bought a great movie someone in the room groans, " Not another zombie/vampire/werewolf/slasher movie ?!?"
In the event of a zombie outbreak, vampire crisis , or demon infestation you're positive you would know exactly what to do to kill them or at the very least survive
You've spent more than $40 on a Horror DVD.
You thankful for online shopping. Because the employees at the video store were beginning to give strange looks when you ask if they are planning on stocking, Cannibal Holocaust, Feast, or The Girl Next
You are an active member of a Horror Forum :)
If you answered yes to most of these questions , then you must face the fact that your addicted to Horror. ( remember, denial is not just a river in Egypt )
Sorry, there is no cure. The only thing you can do is satisfy your Horror cravings with scary movies So take comfort... At least You have a support group (fellow horror addicts) at the forums of HM :)
The above was a guest editorial written by one of our members. Please leave feedback and as always if you have a hankering to be published feel free to submit your own editorial to us by email to email@example.com


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DJ Max Portable 3 (USA) ISO
PSP / PSP ISOsGenre: Music/RhythmRating: ESRB: E10+
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DJ MAX Portable 3 is the long-awaited continuation of the heavily imported Korean PSP rhythm game series.
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by James Hudgins
After a very sluggish 2006 hurricane season which saw only 9 named storms, 2007 has proven to be slightly more active with 13 named storms (Fig. 1) to date including 4 hurricanes. Of these 4 hurricanes, 2 (Dean and Felix) reached major (category 3-4-5) hurricane status and made landfall over parts of Central America as category 5 systems. This was of historical proportions as never had a couple category 5 storms made landfall in the same season. The remainder of the named storms consisted of mostly tropical storms, with Humberto and Lorenzo being weaker category 1 hurricanes, while Andrea was an early season (May) subtropical storm. Although most of the systems that made landfall were rather small in comparison to past storms, several exhibited rapid intensification in going from tropical depression to hurricane status in less than 24 hours.
Systems that did affect the local area were the result of remnant low pressure areas that combined with frontal boundaries to enhance severe weather or heavy rainfall. Tropical storm Erin, which was a weak tropical storm that made landfall on the southern Texas coast, moved slowly northeast and coincided with max heating to produce thunderstorms with damaging winds on August 19th. The remnants of Hurricane Humberto on the other hand brought beneficial heavy rain to drought stricken areas of the region on September 14th. Although some areas along the Blue Ridge experienced between 5 and 10 inches of rain, very dry soil conditions precluded any flooding with only minor rises seen on area streams and rivers. Otherwise the majority of the stronger tropical cyclones have remained well south of the region, mainly as result of strong blocking high pressure over the central Atlantic as well as the southeast U.S.
First system formed: May 9, 2007
Total named storms: 13
Total hurricanes: 4
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+): 2
Strongest storm: Dean - 165 mph
Number of systems making landfall: 8
Total damage: ~$3.8 billion
Confirmed fatalities: ≥208
The updated forecast for the remainder of the tropical season which runs through the end of November calls for a few additional named storms of which a couple could reach major (category 3-4-5) hurricane status across the Atlantic Basin. A brief summary of the highlights of the 2007 season thus far follows below:
(Fig. 1). 2007 tropical storm and hurricane tracks (to date as of October 6).


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President Barack Obama / AFP/Getty Images
The Obama administration and state officials are in discussions on a deal that would free up an additional $100 million to soften the blow to Detroit pensioners, two people familiar with the talks told the Free Press late Tuesday.
The two sources, who spoke on condition of anonymity because they werent authorized to disclose the information, confirmed that there have been talks about the federal government supporting a move by the state to give Detroit $100 million in federal money for blight remediation. That, in turn, would free up $100 million of the more than $500 million that emergency manager Kevyn Orr planned to spend for blight removal over the next 10 years. Orr could then use that money to reduce pension cuts.
The federal funds would come from the Hardest Hit Fund, a $7.6-billion Obama administration effort established in 2010 to help the 18 states most hurt by the housing downturn.
■ Related: Detroit pension board endorses deal to cut benefits, eliminate COLA
■ Related: Detroit pension leaders, city reach landmark deal on retiree cut
■ Full coverage: Detroits financial crisis
Michigan received $498.6 million to operate homeowner assistance programs, including those offering mortgage subsidies, home loan rescues, mortgage modifications and principal debt reductions.
But as of last summer, only a portion about $2 billion nationwide and about $94 million in Michigan had been spent.
• Related: Judge wants Mayor Duggan, City Council to support restructuring plan and testify at trial
It was at that time that the U.S. Treasury allowed the Michigan State Housing Development Authority to use up to $100 million in unspent funds on demolitions in five cities, with the bulk going to Detroit.
The $100 million thats now the focus of negotiations is separate from the $100 million that was set aside for blight removal in Detroit, Flint, Grand Rapids, Saginaw and Pontiac, the sources said.
But the talks are fraught with political ramifications for both President Barack Obama and Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder.
■ Related: Five seek post as judge's expert witness in Detroit bankruptcy case
■ Related: Detroit launches home auctions website in fight against blight
Obama, not keen to set a precedent of the federal government sending money to cities or states with deep pension debts, has publicly said theres no support for a bailout of bankrupt Detroit.
But Obama also has been under pressure from unions not to let retirees suffer in Detroit, a city that votes heavily Democratic.
Snyder, meanwhile, might risk a backlash in an election year from Republicans and outstate voters if he outwardly appears to be supporting a shift of more resources to the city.
Snyder already has pledged the states support to send $350 million to the city as part of the grand bargain to help rescue the Detroit Institute of Arts and bail out the pension funds.
He is currently courting the state Legislature for that support.
Orrs spokesman, Bill Nowling, declined comment.
Snyder spokeswoman Sara Wurfel said today: This isn't something the governor or administration asked the White House for, or are working on. We are open to creative solutions that may be able to come to the table, as always.
One of the sources said the $100 million in federal money was discussed Tuesday night in breakneck negotiations that resulted in a tentative deal to reduce pension cuts for the citys retired general workforce and police and firefighters.
It wasnt immediately clear whether the $100 million in federal funds is included in the calculations in Tuesday nights pension agreements.
The White House wouldnt comment late Tuesday on the negotiations. But Obama administration officials have for months been looking for ways to help Michigan and Detroit leverage existing federal funds.


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Welcome to my website, a website that initially was dedicated to just general opinions about things that annoyed me as I encountered them, but that has largely changed. A few years ago, I finally replaced my dusty film camera with a shiny new dSLR (the Pentax K10D) and I suddenly rediscovered what I enjoyed about photography so much: the thrill of the capture. And so my site began to change its primary focus. This is why over the last year, year and half, or so, the vast majority of what I post is either photographs or topics around photography. The subject has managed to capture my interest far better than much of the day to day stuff that used to rile me up. Having said that, there is still stuff that riles me up and I'll still post about those as well.
In any case, as you can tell, the site is now running on WordPress. I was, at one point, running my own CMS system and it ran fast and well, but I didn't have the time to do all the things I wanted to do with it and, well, there are people already doing those things. WordPress and some associated plugins reached a point that I felt what they offered were substantially better than what I could do on my own that I switched. However, I did ensure that my old links still worked, so if you find one that doesn't let me know!
In the meanwhile, this is the photo that I took that reignited my passion in photography:
In terms of who I am? Well, I'm a professional software architect and developer in the Toronto area. The company I work for, AudienceView, specializes in ticketing software for the entertainment industry (theatre, sports, etc.) and I've been there since the beginning. That can be a lot of fun, along with a lot of late nights, but there is something pretty cool to watch a six person shop grow and grow.
My biggest hobby, obviously, is photography. I do like to do that a lot, I'm very seldom without my camera wherever I go and that includes work. My current weapon of choice is the brand new Pentax K-5 and I have a variety of different lenses for it spanning from the quite old manual focus masterpieces from Vivitar to much more modern options like the Sigma 120-400mm. As you'll see from my site, there's a lot of variety in what I shoot, though nature and macro are two of my favourites. However, I'm pretty much happy to pull out my camera just about anywhere!
So, enjoy!


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Logistics and distribution
Services in relation to logistics and distribution refer to help given with the detailed planning and organisation of a large, complex operation.
Product & Service Resources
Product brochure: TFC — supply chain assist download
TFC | Tue, 13 Jan 2015
TFC Europe offers complete fastening solutions; the single source for all your product and supply chain needs.
Sandvik Coromant's services increase metal-cutting efficiency and profitability downloadweblink
Sandvik Coromant | Mon, 9 Jun 2014
In addition to supplying cutting tools and tooling systems, Sandvik Coromant offers a range of added-value services that are designed to increase efficiency, profitability and knowledge in the field of metal cutting.
Case study: Ejot cost and logistics study download
Ejot | Mon, 24 Oct 2011
Smartmover tugs from Mastermover reduce accidents and improve handling at NHS trust
Mastermover | Thu, 14 Jul 2011
Mastermover has revealed that its electric-operated materials-handling tugs are being used by Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust to move roll cages of catering trolleys, laundry and medical notes around its two sites.
Bed mover improves safety at university hospital
Mastermover | Wed, 27 Apr 2011
Investing in hospital bed mover machines from Mastermover has enabled Sodexo to improve porter productivity and reduce the risk of manual handling injuries at University Hospital of South Manchester.
Fleetmatics GPS software tracks mobile assets
Fleetmatics | Tue, 19 Apr 2011
Fleetmatics has announced the latest release of its GPS software solution for tracking and performance management of mobile assets - the Fleetmatics 8.0 GPS Vehicle Tracking System.
Fleetmatics reduces supply-chain costs at Rohrer's
Fleetmatics | Tue, 19 Apr 2011
Fleetmatics has announced that Rohrer's One Hour Heating and Air Conditioning recently selected Fleetmatics to assist in reducing supply chain costs.
GPS tracking offers benefits over mobile phones
Fleetmatics | Tue, 19 Apr 2011
On the surface, mobile-phone-based GPS vehicle tracking may seem like a cheap alternative to traditional GPS tracking systems.
Tracking system aids company vehicle efficiency
Fleetmatics | Tue, 19 Apr 2011
Fleetmatics explains how, by implementing the Fleetmatics vehicle-tracking system, employers can get the most productivity out of the company vehicles.
GPS tracking enables users to gain fleet control
Fleetmatics | Tue, 19 Apr 2011
Businesses that rely on fleet vehicles to provide products and services to their clients can experience tangible financial benefits with GPS truck tracking, according to Fleetmatics.
Technical Fulfilment article
Newark, UK
Acumen Logistics Group article
Northampton, UK


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OUR VIEW | Patience with Harper Pier
The Port of Bremerton and Department of Natural Resources will demolish the aging Harper Pier in South Kitsap, with hopes for a replacement in the future. There's $400,000 currently available in DNR money; $200,000 tabbed for demolition and another $200,000 planned to be spent to design and permit a new structure.
The problem is that another $1.5 million is needed for construction, and only $500,000 of that even has a source identified.
Basically, we're talking about a whole lot of hope.
The Port of Bremerton's financial commitment to Bremerton Marina operations and its mission of economic development make it unlikely the Port would ever contribute. The state, particularly with education funding a mandated priority in coming years, may also be strapped. And currently, although there is a small local organization to help raise money, another funding source isn't on the horizon.
We should hold out hope for a new Harper Pier, but the state and Port should also hold off on the planning expense — even though the money's there — until they have more security.
Subscribe to the Kitsap Sun
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Monday-Friday: 5am-6pm / Saturday: 5am-8pm / Sunday: 4am-11am


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Style Number: 599425-010 Color: Black / White-Cool Grey-Wolf Grey
The Nike Air Max Premium Tape "Camo Pack" consists of four models, an Air Max 90, an Air Max 95, an Air Max Classic BW, and an Air Max 1. All the models in this limited pack share a black and grey camo colorway, lightweight Hyperfuse construction, and suede overlays.
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Former Chrysler CEO Tom LaSorda is behind IncWell.
Former Chrysler CEO Tom LaSorda and entrepreneur and racing mogul Roger Penske are funding a shark tank venture capital fund for small companies they choose to support in a variety of industries.
IncWell will operate from an office in Birmingham. In addition to LaSorda and Penske, John Melstrom, a partner at accounting firm Fenner Melstrom & Dooling, and Birmingham real estate magnate Ted Fuller are among 14 investors in the private fund, LaSorda told reporters Thursday.
IncWell, structured as a limited partnership, will provide $50,000 to $250,000 in seed money for companies and entrepreneurs in the fields of medical devices and technology, health care, clean energy, automotive, software, apps and information technology. I dont want to get into the restaurant business or electric car space, LaSorda said.
The idea came from LaSorda picturing himself on the television show Shark Tank, where entrepreneurs pitch their ideas to would-be investors.
I can do a better job, he said. Were a business team trying to help companies out.
LaSorda would not say how much money the fund has raised, but said the amount should last 12 to 18 months. As it dwindles, the investors will decide whether to start a second, larger fund with institutional investors as well. The money is in hand; the fund-raising portion is complete. The company will be filed and registered with the appropriate state and federal agencies.
I wanted to set up a private capital fund devoted to new start-ups, LaSorda said. He expects most of the investments will be in Silicon Valley or the East Coast, but noted Michigan is becoming a bigger player.
LaSorda is also co-founder of Stage 2 Innovations, a $100-million fund launched two years ago, to help second-stage companies accelerate growth and commercialize innovative technologies. His co-founder is Manoj Bhargava, an Oakland County investor behind the 5-Hour Energy drink and other companies.
More recently LaSorda briefly was CEO of Fisker Automotive, the struggling electric car company that last month laid off most of its employees in its Anaheim, Calif., headquarters.
I want to get my money back out of that investment, he said.
LaSorda credits his daughter for the company name: Inc. because every new company dreams of becoming a big incorporated entity and well as the support to make it happen.
Submissions can be made online at www.theincwell.net and must include a breakthrough idea, solid business plan and management team and passion for the project.
They will be screened and entrepreneurs will be invited to make a pitch in front of LaSorda and his fellow investors. They will decide how much money is needed and how much equity the entrepreneurs are willing to give IncWell in return. They had one presentation this week.
Because the company is small and nimble, an answer can be expected in 4-5 weeks, LaSorda said.
Were going in saying nine out of 10 times we wont make anything, but were hoping we do make money, LaSorda said.
Contact Alisa Priddle: 313-222-5394 or email@example.com


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Online, 15 graduate credits, 12 months
The Digital Media Certificate is designed for anyone interested in learning how to use social networking in the digital media landscape. This program not only provides skills training, but also examines the theories behind new methods of conveying information, how audiences take in and react to this type of messaging, and how media must adapt its message.
As one of the only online programs of its kind, this graduate certificate is accessible to students from a wide variety of backgrounds, offering the opportunity to participate in graduate level learning on a flexible schedule.
The program is suited to wide range of students, including those without a prior background in digital media, mid-career professionals who left school before Web skills were taught and fresh graduates interested in advanced skills training. Read more
The Digital Media Certificate program is not accepting applications for admission at this time.
Our faculty members are experts in the field of digital media: Program Director Brigid Maher, Lisa Bream, Kyle Brannon, Nick James Ray, and Edwin Mah.
Certificate program students are invited to attend an optional on-campus session at the end of the program to show their work and receive professional critiques.
For more information about our graduation rates, the median debt of students who completed the program, and other important information, please visit our website at, www.american.edu/soc/disclosures.


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- Filed Under
Rachel Frappier of Indian Hill recently received a scholarship from the Scottish Rite.
The youngest of four daughters, Frappier is a direct admit to the Farmer School of Business at Miami.
She is an AP scholar, Girl Scout Gold Award recipient, YMCA Character Award nominee (certificate says Honorable Mention-so whatever reads better), and graduated June 7 from Indian Hill High School with a Diploma with Honors, received the President's Award for Outstanding Academic Excellence, and the State Board of Education Award of Merit.
She volunteered with the Children's Ministry at Horizon Community Church for six years and participated in a medical mission trip to Belize in 2011.
She was active in theater in high school earning the Commitment Award.
She served as Co-President of Indian Hill' High School's chapter of Theater League and was nominated for a Cappie Award for her role as Betty Blast in Footlose in 2012.
Her favorite role was as Quiser in Steel Magnolias.


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Description:Sweet sorghum is a summer annual crop which has potential for use as a biofuel feedstock. Sucrose in the juice extracted from sweet sorghum can be converted into ethanol using currently available, conventional fermentation technology. This report provides sweet sorghum production guidelines as well as 2009 research results from nitrogen fertilization trials.
Primary Audience:General
Resource Updated:2/4/2013 9:58:26 AM
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On current form, the man leads the best batsmen in the world. More importantly, he's the captain of the current Australian team. Rather than looking at the twin responsibilities as pressure, Michael Clarke looks at these as opportunities. In a free-wheeling conversation with Boria Majumdar, Clarke talks about the challenges a tour of India poses, Australia's chances, the importance of leading from the front and also how the IPL has made a tour of the subcontinent that much easier.
A dodgy hamstring that is still not 100% ok, David Warner's broken finger, the sudden retirement of Mike Hussey and the vacuum left by Ricky Ponting. As captain is this your biggest challenge yet?
Yes, it is. As the captain, this will probably be the hardest test I have faced in my career. At the same time, it's an opportunity. My hamstring is very much on the mend and I will give it everything to make sure I am part of this series. David is also expected to get fit in time for the Tests. Coming to Hussey and Ricky, they are legends of the game and we will miss them. At the same time, let me tell you this—Ricky Ponting wasn't Ricky Ponting always. He was also a youngster at one point in time. Team youngsters should look at this as an opportunity to make their mark in world cricket, and do so against one of the best teams in the world.
Last one, 2012, was a stunning year for you. You have almost scored hundreds and double hundreds at will. What did you do different?
Does that mean you don't mind not scoring in the forthcoming series as long as Australia wins?
Absolutely. I don't care if I score four ducks if it means Australia wins. That said, I know as a player that I need to keep performing to be in the Australian cricket team. That's the way things are, but as the captain it doesn't matter to me if I score or not.
You are in a great mental space personally. You are scoring heavily and you enjoy the confidence of your boys. On the other hand, your opposite number, M.S. Dhoni, is under great pressure in the Test match format. He hasn't done well in Test cricket and there was talk of removing him from captaincy recently. Does that give you a headstart coming into the series?
Not really. It's not about the past. These things are all in the past. Now it's all about how we both do in the upcoming series. Dhoni is an exceptional player and I am sure he will want to do very well at home against us.
Do you take heart from the fact that Alistair Cook's Englishmen humbled India at home?
A lot of our guys watched the series and, yes, England played very well to win. But we also know how good a team India is. Any team having Sachin Tendulkar will be a team to beat in their own country. I can tell you one thing about playing in the subcontinent. Whether you are the No. 1 bowler or a debutant, patience and consistency are the key to success.
Now that you mention Sachin Tendulkar, let me say he had a poor 2012 and is under some pressure. At the same time, he batted brilliantly in the Irani trophy. How do you plan to tackle Sachin?
You can have as many plans as possible for Tendulkar but he can still score runs. He's the greatest player I have seen and I have always loved playing against him. A sign of greatness is his longevity and consistency. I enjoy his batting a lot but as an Australian captain I would like to ensure that he doesn't score too many runs against us.
Do you think that Rahul Dravid and V.V.S. Laxman not being there will help your cause? Are you looking to exploit the inexperience in the Indian batting line-up?
Of course, it's nice for us that greats like Dravid and Laxman have retired. That said, the new players will want to stamp their authority on the game as well. You have a lot of very good batting talent in India. Players like Ajinkya Rahane, for example, have loads of talent. He's already shown strong glimpses of it in the IPL.
You mentioned to me a few days ago that the IPL has made a tour of the subcontinent much easier. Is it because the players already have a taste of the conditions here through the IPL? Also, you were sold for $4,00,000 at this year's auction while a unknown Maxwell got a million. It's gotta hurt.
"I can tell you one thing about playing in the subcontinent. Whether you are No. 1 or a debutant, patience and consistency are the keys to success." True, the IPL has helped in that players now know what to expect. They know about the hotels, the food, crowds etc. Each of these things make a difference on a hard tour as this one. Coming to money, if anyone is saying I'll not play well because I got less money, they don't know me well enough. For me, it's never been about the money. For me, over the next month it's all about the Test series. Then, it's all about the IPL and the Pune Warriors. I am looking forward to the IPL this year for sure but for the moment, and don't get me wrong, it is only the four Tests against India that is in my head.
Finally, this might sound like a cliche, but how important will spin be in deciding the series outcome?
For sure, spin will play a very important role. In fact, it all depends on our ability to play spin and also on how our spinners bowl to the Indians. I have great belief in the ability of Nathan Lyon, Xavier Doherty and Glenn Maxwell. And I am confident that if our batsmen play to their potential they are good enough to take the battle to the Indian spinners. Ashwin is a very good bowler. You also have Ojha and Harbhajan. But we aren't focusing on who the Indians play in their eleven. We are focusing on what we need to do. I'll tell you this very clearly—if we play our best cricket, I am confident we'll win the series.


text:
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text:
Anaheim, CA (SportsNetwork.com) - Nick Bonino scored the lone goal of the shootout to lead the Vancouver Canucks to a 2-1 victory over the Anaheim Ducks on Sunday.
Bonino, who was acquired by the Canucks from the Ducks in the offseason for prized forward Ryan Kesler, moved the puck from his forehand to his backhand before slipping the puck through the pads of Frederik Andersen. Kesler, the third and final shooter for Anaheim, rang a shot off the post to seal the outcome.
"It doesn't get much better than that, getting the win in a shootout was something," said Bonino.
Alexandre Burrows scored a goal in regulation, while Eddie Lack made 28 saves and stopped all three Ducks in the shootout for Vancouver, which snapped a six-game losing streak to the Ducks.
Andersen made 34 stops and Sami Vatanen netted the lone goal in Anaheim's third straight defeat.
"It was a special game for me," Kesler said. "I thought we played hard but we lost in the shootout."
The Ducks were without a major part of their offense as forward Corey Perry was placed on injured reserve on Sunday due to the flu. Perry is tied with Rangers forward Rick Nash for league-lead in goals with 11.
After a scoreless first, Kesler won a faceoff back to Vatanen, who drifted across the slot and released a wrister that beat Lack for a 1-0 lead 2:37 into the second.
Burrows deflected Dan Hamhuis' slapshot in past the midway point of the middle stanza for a tied game.
Lack stopped five shots in the third period and seven more in overtime to force a shootout.
Lack registered his first win of the season ... Anaheim recalled defenseman
Mat Clark was from Norfolk (AHL), returned defenseman Shea Theodore to Seattle
(WHL) and placed defenseman Francois Beauchemin on injured reserve ...
Vancouver played past regulation for the first time this season ... Vancouver
defeated Anaheim for the first time since Jan. 25, 2013 ... Canucks forward
Brandon DeFazio made his NHL debut.


text:
Originally Posted by Tom Duffy
I think we need to strive to take pictures that would be good irrespective of the format used, otherwise it's more self-therapy than communication.
fhovie wrote:
"Very true ... BUT - Imagine listening to the overture of 1812 on a 2" speaker and being told that for all its power, you will never be able to listen to it on a great stereo system."
I agree with what you are saying. I'm a multiformat shooter and can debate the the merits of different formats until the cows come home.
I wish I could attribute this quote to the photographer who said it (or even remember the quote precisely. He was quoted in an old issue of viewcamera. "I find when I don't use a least a 4x10 or 5x7 the results are low fidelity, like a recording that's full of tape hiss. I am always disappointed in the result". I agree with this. My single favorite favorite format is 5x7, in terms of the presence of the image. And I do think it's a great exercise to force ourselves to use a view camera for subjects that might more rationally be shot handheld. We'll be pleasantly surprised by the quality of the work, as compared with a smaller format. Much of Weston's great work was the result of having to use a view camera, instead of a smaller format.
But, in the interest of balanced debate, I don't see sharpness or "fidelity" as the most important aspect of a photograph.
Bill Pierce had a great line, "Never confuse sharp with good, or you'll be shaving with an ice cream cone and licking a razor."
I was somewhat annoyed by the tone Jim Moore used in thread today about preferring his medium format work to his large format work. There's an undercurrent of apology/frustration that he wasn't proceeding up the format chain to the holy grail, the large format contact print. There is no logical progression, its about using the tool that works for you.
Although tough to do a apples to apples comparison, Henri Cartier-Bresson's work is at least as valuable as Ansel Adams'.
Take care,


text:
Race winner Ken Devries leads the pack during the Mamas & Papas 4K.
It would be easy for the Red Fox Trot 5-kilometer race, held last Saturday on the campus of Marist College in Poughkeepsie, to get lost in the shuffle in the frenetic local running scene.
The Red Fox Trot is a Mid-Hudson Road Runners Club race that is organized by the Red Fox Club, the official booster club of the Marist Athletics program. It is sandwiched between the immensely popular Mad Dash in Rhinebeck on Labor Day, just five days prior, and the MHRRC's signature race, the Dutchess County Classic, which is this Sunday.
Add to that two other well-attended running races in nearby Ulster and ...


text:
9/14 Committee Meeting 6:30p.m. Lydia Drake Library 9/19 Pack Meeting 7-8:15p.m. NRCC 10/5 Committee Meeting 6:30p.m. Lydia Drake Library 10/19 Pack Meeting/Autumn Fest Outdoors - Herring Run 2-4:00 p.m. (Rain date 10/24 @ NRCC) October TBD Scouting for Food Pick up maps & bags 11/1 Scouting for Food Bag Distribution to homes 11/8 Scouting for Food 9am-12noon, food donation drop off Community Center 11/14 Pack Meeting***PIE NIGHT! 7-8:15p.m. NRCC 12/14 Committee Meeting 6:30p.m. Lydia Drake Library 12/19 Pack Meeting 1/11 Committee Meeting 6:30p.m. Lydia Drake Library 1/23 Pinewood Derby Weigh in at NRCC 5-7p.m. 1/24 Pinewood Derby at NRCC 9-11:00am NRCC=North River Community Church
Click on Pack Calendar above to view. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com to update & change
Sign up for Cub Scouts NOW!
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Have a question? Contact Pack 105 at email@example.com
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|Line 20:
To summarize the L2 requirements:
To summarize the L2 requirements:
* ROTJ: has guantlets and compad, but no code cylinders
* ANH: no gloves or compad2 code cylinders.
ESBmay wear a headset.
* ROTJ: has guantlets and compad, but no code cylinders or headset.
{{CRLtemplate|File:IC_headset.jpg|Crew Headset|
{{CRLtemplate|File:IC_headset.jpg|Crew Headset|
Revision as of 05:53, 21 February 2013
|Imperial Bridge Crew
|Model MODEL NAME, Photo by PHOTOGRAPHER NAME
Description: Imperial Bridge Crew
The 501st approval requirements are listed in black.
The Imperial Officer Corp Detachment defines additional, optional levels of costuming excellence. In the page below, items listed in blue are optional features that will improve the quality of the costume. Items listed in red are intended to further enhance the finished costume.
For 501st membership only the requirements in black need to be met.
To summarize the L2 requirements: All movie versions may or may not have belt boxes.
This document and all of the images within were created by and are the property of the 501st Legion. All other uses are prohibited.
The 501st Legion is a worldwide Star Wars costuming organization comprised of and operated by Star Wars fans. While it is not sponsored by Lucasfilm Ltd., it is Lucasfilm's preferred Imperial costuming group. Star Wars, its characters, costumes, and all associated items are the intellectual property of Lucasfilm. ©2012 Lucasfilm Ltd. & TM. All rights reserved. Used under authorization.


text:
San Jose Semaphore cracked
Posted by Rahul in Adobe
Even tried to solve the puzzle presented by rotating lights high atop the Adobe headquarters in San Jose. The puzzle has been reportedly been solved by a computer science engineer named Bob Mayo and an engineer named Mark Snesrud.
San Jose Semaphore website describe the riddle as
San Jose Semaphore, by artist Ben Rubin, is a permanent public artwork commissioned by Adobe Systems Incorporated in collaboration with the City of San Jose's Office of Cultural Affair's Public Art Program.
Located within the top floors of Adobe's Almaden Tower headquarters in San Jose, California, San Jose Semaphore is a multi-sensory kinetic artwork that illuminates the San Jose skyline with the transmission of a coded message. The content of the San Jose Semaphore's message is a mystery; cracking the encryption technique and deciphering the message is posed as a challenge for the public. To the first person or group to successfully crack the code, Adobe will award bragging rights and acknowledgment on both the Adobe website (www.adobe.com) and the San Jose Semaphore website.
Update: Read the complete analysis of the solution here, and how much pain the winning team took to crack it here. and here are other projects of the artist who created the semaphore.


text: Siteman Cancer Center will not share or make inappropriate use of your email address. Please read our Privacy Policy for more information. Please note that email responses to particular comments and questions may come from an email address at ccadmin.wustl.edu. Please update your email filtering software to include this domain on your "safe senders" list.


text:
Very interesting article Iain. For electoral reasons - and also because of their historic lack of interest in wealth creation - the last government never dared to go beyond a cod-keynesian cop-out that deficit spending is a Good Thing and were rarely challenged about by their friends in the media. Now that the reality is starting to dawn even on the BBC the extent of their failure will, I believe, become more and more plain. Until Labour shows a credible understanding of the realities of wealth creation they will be irrelevant to the world we now face.
Iain Martin is Deputy Editor of the Wall Street Journal Europe. He writes on politics.


text:
The Ocean Beach Master Plan, a vision for San Francisco's western coast, recommends ways to improve coastal access, restore ecological function and protect critical infrastructure in the face of chronic erosion and sea level rise. Join SPUR and other project partners for an update on the implementation of the three projects on coastal management, transportation and open space. This project has the potential to significantly improve biking and walking along the western edge of the city, creating safe connections and a welcoming experience for all.
This open house will provide updates on three projects currently underway to carry those recommendations forward. Each of these efforts will result in proposed projects that are ready for environmental review, permitting, and implementation on the ground over a period of several decades. The project teams will be on hand to discuss their work in progress and get your ideas and feedback. As sea levels rise, big changes are inevitable, but we can work with the changes to make better places for everyone. For more information on this project as well as what the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition is working on in the Outer Sunset and Outer Richmond, contact Janice at email@example.com.


text:
Camel Cigarettes, flat fifty tin, 5 5/8" by 4 3/8", 1/2" deep, hinged lid, gold leaf border, small remnant of tax stamp, interior is clean (see photo), Advertising Tobacco Tin, product was manufactured by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company of Winston-Salem, N.C., U.S.A. Factory No. 4 District of North Carolina. Lithograph on lid is excellent, some wear to gold along border, see photos. All sides shown. Tin has been cleaned and waxed.
Over 500 Advertising Tins & Signs, Over 100 Advertising Signs,150 Tobacco Tins, Cigar tins, Coffee tins, Tea Tins & Wood Boxes, Advertising Clocks and Hand Held Advertising Fans Listed at Drury House Antiques. To see them all go to any Drury House Item and do a search for ADVERTISING.
To purchase with MC or VISA please call Drury House 802-824-4395 EST
Another shopper has this item in their Cart or Wish List.
Need Help With Your Drury House Order Call 802-824 4395 EST Between 8AM - 8PM
SALE Final Days, Marked Sale Price is UP-TO 50% OFF or More on 1800 Antiques and Collectibles


text:
|Dorothea Blostein
Professor, School of Computing at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario.
Dr. Blostein received computer science degrees from the University of Illinois (B.Sc. in 1978, Ph.D. in 1987) and Carnegie Mellon University (M.Sc. in 1980). Since 1988 she has been a faculty member in the School of Computing at Queen's University.
Here are a few relevant links. (See Tom Flemon's Resources page for a more comprehensive list.)
Dr. Blostein has coauthored Lime, an editor for music notation. Both Macintosh and IBM PC versions are available for free trial use.Dr. Blostein was a plenary speaker at CICM 2009. She was Chair of GREC2001, the Fourth IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Kingston, Ontario, in September, 2001.
Oleg Golubitsky, Postdoctoral Fellow, January 2005 to August 2006.
Research topic: structural representations for document recognition. This builds on existing work with Lev Goldfarb on ETS (Evolving Transformation Systems).
Sergei Levashkin,
visiting sabbaticant, August 2004 to August 2005.
Research on recognition of cartographic maps.
Gulila Adongbieke, visiting professor from Xinjiang University, P.R. China.
Research May-Oct 2003 on classification of documents, using linguistic methods.
Clemens Oertel, graduate exchange student.
Research Jan-Aug 2003 on external verification of the results produced by business-card recognition.
Li Zhifeng, visiting researcher from Chinese HanWang Company, Beijing, P.R. China.
Research Oct 2001-Jan 2002 on character recognition and document analysis.
|Perry Bhandal
|Starting MSc May 2015
|Extensions to the NASA Tensegrity Robotics Toolkit
|Xingcheng Cai
|M.Sc. Thesis
|A Prototype Helmet Fitting System for Concussion Protection (co-supervised with Dr. Fraser Saunders)
|January 2015
|Slava Jdanov
|M.Sc. thesis
|A Tensegrity Based Structure Optimization Framework
|August 2014
|Adrian Muresan
|M.Sc. thesis
|Modeling Tensegrity Systems via Potential Energy Minimization
|August 2014
|Steven Thomas
|Ph.D. thesis
|Mining Unstructured Software Repositories Using IR Models (co-supervised with Ahmed Hassan)
|December 2012
|Matthew Brian Kelly
|M.Sc. thesis
|Evaluation of Melody Similarity Measures
|September 2012
|Matthew Alexander Kelly
|M.Sc. thesis
|Advancing the Theory and Utility of Holographic Reduced Representations (co-supervised with Douglas Mewhort)
|August 2010
|Yin Lam
|M.Sc. thesis
|Comparing Naive Bayes Classifiers with Support Vector Machines for Predicting Protein Subcellular Location Using Text Features (co-supervised with Hagit Shatkay)
|June 2010
|Andrew Seniuk
|M.Sc. thesis
|Pen-Chant: Acoustic Emissions of Handwriting and Drawing
|August 2009
|Adrien Lapointe
|M.Sc. thesis
|Issues in Performance Evaluation of Mathematical Notation Recognition Systems
|May 2008
|Steven (Jianhui) Chen
|M.Sc. thesis
|A Wavelet-based Approach to the Classification of Remotely Sensed Images: A Comparison of Different Feature Sets in an Urban Environment (co-supervised with DongMei Chen, Geography)
|January 2007
|Nicole Mitchell
|M.Sc. thesis
|Music Similarity Metrics: Recognizing tempo, Transposition, Ornamentation, and Accentuation properties
|January 2007
|Marcus Miller
|M.Sc. thesis
|A Structured Approach to Object Segmentation in Aeronautical Charts
|May 2006
|Ling Zhang
|M.Sc. thesis
|Fuzzy Logic Approach to Recognition of Mathematical Notation
|February 2005
|Richard Zanibbi
|Ph.D. thesis
|A Language for Specifying and Comparing Table Recognition Strategies (co-supervised with Jim Cordy)
|December 2004
|Nawei Chen
|M.Sc. thesis
|Exploring a Space of Document Image Classifiers
|December 2004
|Yang Li
|M.Sc. thesis
|Asymmetric Graph Matching for Registering Satellite Images to Road Maps (co-supervised with Purang Abolmaesumi)
|April 2004
|Sean Chen
|M.Sc. thesis
|A Multiscale Domain-Independent Algorithm for Document Image Segmentation
|July 2003
|Hanaa Barakat
|M.Sc. thesis
|Training with Positive and Negative Data Samples: Effects on a Classifier for Hand-Drawn Geometric Shapes
|May 2001
|Ed Lank
|Ph.D. thesis
|Retargetable On-Line Recognition of Diagram Notations
|March 2001
|Medha Shukla Sarkar
|Ph.D. thesis
|GXL - A Graph Transformation Language with Scoping and Graph Parameters (co-supervised with Jim Cordy)
|August 2000
|Jianping Wu
|M.Sc. thesis
|Bayesian Estimation of Stereo Disparity from Phase-Based Measurements (co-supervised with David Fleet)
|March 2000
|Richard Zanibbi
|M.Sc. thesis
|Recognition of Mathematics Notation via Computer Using Baseline Structure
|January 2000
|Ben Gatien
|M.Sc. thesis
|Segmentation of Hand-Written Documents Using Minimum Spanning Trees
|July 1997
|Mark Rhodenizer
|M.Sc. thesis
|Automatic Extraction of Features from Line Drawings
|July 1997
|Hoda Fahmy
|Ph.D. thesis
|Reasoning in the Presence of Uncertainty
|March 1995
|Ann Grbavec
|M.Sc. thesis
|Recognition of Mathematics Notation Using Graph Rewriting
|January 1995
|Anton Driesse
|M.Sc. thesis
|Tempo Tracking in Real Time
|June 1992
|Hoda Fahmy
|M.Sc. thesis
|A Graph-Grammar Approach to High-level Music Recognition
|September 1991
|Guylaine Cantin
|M.Sc. thesis
|The Use of Function-Tables to Specify Complex Algorithms (co-supervised with David Parnas)
|July 1991
|Sylvester Chiang
|fall 2013
|Validation methods for brain/skull models
|Stephanie Huynh
|summer 2013
|Software engineering issues in biomedical computing
|Xingcheng Cai
|summer 2013
|Vertebra pose estimation for scoliosis assessment
|Slava Jdanov
|summer 2012
|Adaptive tensegrity networks
|Yan Lam
|summer 2007
|Datasets of biomedical documents for classifier testing and training
|Shauna O'Shea
|summer 2004
summer 2005
|Validation of OCR results on business cards
|Adam Bodnar
|summer 2002
summer 2003
|Recognizing text on scanned business cards
|Tim Collier
|summer 2003
|Recognizing text on scanned business cards
|Nawei Chen
|summer 2003
|Classification of scanned documents
|David Tausky
|summer 2002
summer 2001
|Recognition of road networks in topographic maps
Recognition of matrices in math notation
|Alvin Jugoon
|summer 2002
summer 2001
|Recognition of business cards
User interface for recognition of UML notation
|Arlis Rose
|summer 2002
summer 2001
|Recognition of business cards
User interfaces for diagram recognition
|Sean Chen
|summer 2001
summer/fall 2000
|Recognition of handwritten UML notation
|Randall Tuesday
|summer 2001
|Graph display; animation of graph algorithms
|Jeremy Hussel
|summer 2001
|User interface for recognition of UML notation
|Jeb Thorley
|summer/fall 2000
|Recognition of handwritten UML notation
|Nick Willan
|summer 1999
|Recognition of handwritten math notation
|Richard Zanibbi
|summer 1998
|Visual Language work applied to math recognition
|David Kidston
|summer 1995
|Graph rewriting with the PROGRES system
|Dwi Faulus
|summer 1993, 1994
|Symbol-recognition for music notation
|Hoda Fahmy
|summer 1989, 1990
|High-level recognition of music notation
|Current Courses
|CISC 859 Pattern Recognition. Fall 2014, 2013, 2011, 2008 and previous years
|CISC 324 Operating Systems. Winter 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2009 and previous years
|Other Courses I have Taught
|CISC 365 Algorithms I. Fall 2010. Also Winter 2003 and previous years.
CISC 124 Introduction to Computing Science II.
Fall 2002.
|CISC 352 Artificial Intelligence. Fall 2003.
|CISC 221 and CISC 231. Computer Architecture. Winter 1997 and previous years.


text:
MAGIX Movie Edit Pro 17 Plus HD
MAGIX Movie Edit Pro 17 Plus HD : Text Tool You can choose scrolling "Star Wars" text or more standard titles like this. I could position and resize text, and apply animations, but I couldn't rotate it except using an animated rotation.
10 / 15


text:
|Association of physical examination with pulmonary artery catheter parameters in acute lung injury*
MedLine Citation:
|PMID: 19707129 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher
|OBJECTIVE:: To correlate physical examination findings, central venous pressure (central venous pressure), fluid output, and central venous oxygen saturation with pulmonary artery catheter parameters. DESIGN:: Retrospective study. SETTING:: Data from the multicenter Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial of the National Institutes of Health Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network (National Institutes of Health Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network). PATIENTS:: Five hundred thirteen patients with acute lung injury randomized to treatment with a pulmonary artery catheter. INTERVENTIONS:: Correlation of physical examination findings (capillary refill time >2 secs, knee mottling, or cool extremities), central venous pressure, fluid output, and central venous oxygen saturation with parameters from a pulmonary artery catheter. MEASUREMENTS:: We determined association of baseline physical examination findings and on-study parameters of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation with cardiac index <2.5 L/min/m and mixed venous oxygen saturation <60%. We determined correlation of baseline central venous oxygen saturation and mixed venous oxygen saturation and predictive value of a low central venous oxygen saturation for a low mixed venous oxygen saturation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:: Prevalence of cardiac index <2.5 and mixed venous oxygen saturation <60% was 8.1% and 15.5%, respectively. Baseline presence of all three physical examination findings had low sensitivity (12% and 8%), high specificity (98% and 99%), low positive predictive value (40% and 56%), but high negative predictive value (93% and 86%) for cardiac index <2.5 and mixed venous oxygen saturation <60%, respectively. Central venous oxygen saturation <70% predicted a mixed venous oxygen saturation <60% with a sensitivity 84%, specificity 70%, positive predictive value 31%, and negative predictive value of 96%. Low cardiac index correlated with cool extremities, high central venous pressure, and low 24-hr fluid output; and low mixed venous oxygen saturation correlated with knee mottling and high central venous pressure, but these correlations were not found to be clinically useful. CONCLUSIONS:: In this subset of patients with acute lung injury, there is a high prior probability that cardiac index and mixed venous oxygen saturation are normal and physical examination findings of ineffective circulation are not useful for predicting low cardiac index or mixed venous oxygen saturation. Central venous oxygen saturation <70% does not accurately predict mixed venous oxygen saturation <60%, but an central venous oxygen saturation >/=70% may be useful to exclude mixed venous oxygen saturation <60%.
|Grissom; Morris; Lanken; Ancukiewicz; Orme; Schoenfeld; Thompson;
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Publication Detail:
|Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2009-8-24
Journal Detail:
|Title: Critical care medicine Volume: - ISSN: 1530-0293 ISO Abbreviation: Crit. Care Med. Publication Date: 2009 Aug
Date Detail:
|Created Date: 2009-8-26 Completed Date: - Revised Date: -
Medline Journal Info:
|Nlm Unique ID: 0355501 Medline TA: Crit Care Med Country: -
Other Details:
|Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: -
|From Pulmonary and Critical Care (CKG, AHM, JFO), Intermountain Medical Center and the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Pennsylvania (PNL), Philadelphia, PA; and Massachusetts General Hospital (MA, DAS, BTT), Boston, MA.
Export Citation:
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text:
For immediate release
February 23, 2004
Abilene Christian University will introduce the Gayle and Gwen Hensley Endowed Scholarship in a presentation to Gayle Hensley Cole on Tuesday, Feb. 24, during the university's annual Bible Lectureship.
The fund will provide scholarships that will be awarded to missions students in the Department of Bible, Ministry and Missions. Lynn and Barbara Camp and Joe and Ann Ritchie established this endowment in honor of Gayle and Gwen Hensley who served in the mission field of Vienna, Austria for 23 years, and began a small printing press in 1961 that later became Eastern European Missions.
"This endowment strengthens the ability of the university to prepare young men and women for the mission field," said Mariana Long, senior development officer for ACU. "At the same time it honors the Hensleys who spent 23 years in the mission field."
Friends and family members of Gayle and Gwen Hensley have contributed to the fund, which was started by several of the couple's classmates from the class of 1959. All gifts to ACU designated for this scholarship will be devoted in perpetuity to the endowment, Long said.
If you are a member of the media who would like more information about this release, please contact Wendy Kilmer, media relations coordinator.
Recent news releases
Last Update: December 17, 2007
Questions to (firstname.lastname@example.com)
Copyright © 1995-2006 Abilene Christian University. All rights reserved.


text:
If you're a regular PBS viewer—especially of the cooking-and-fix-it "Create" channel—then you've seen America's Test Kitchen and the show's host, Christopher Kimball (pictured). The show is presented by Cook's Illustrated magazine, of which Kimball is also the editor. If you haven't, the guiding purpose of jovial but serious Kimball and his crack team of chefs and researchers is to find modern ways to make classic dishes without skimping on quality. In fact, they usually improve on the tried and true.
Like so many TV shows before it, there's now a touring edition of the show, and America's Test Kitchen Live is coming to the Palace this Sunday. There will be cooking demos, taste tests (a staple of the show) and more.
America's Test Kitchen Live will be presented Sunday (April 13) at 3 PM at the Palace Theatre (19 Clinton Ave., Albany). Tickets are $35 and $45; a few VIP tickets—which include a meet-and-greet—are available for $85. For more info, call 465-3334.


text:
13th Global Conference on Environmental Taxation
University of British Columbia, Faculty of Law at Allard Hall
September 20-22, 2012
Yoram lives in Seattle, where he founded Non-Profit Comedy, a series of benefit shows that raised almost $100,000 for local non-profits. He has a BA in mathematics from Reed College, a PhD in economics from the University of Washington, and spends his non-comedy hours campaigning for environmental tax reform. In 2011 he spent 5 months in Beijing as a visiting scholar at the University of International Business and Economics.
Yoram's goals in life are to spread joy to the world through economics comedy; to reform economics education; and to implement carbon pricing. His website is www.standupeconomist.com.
Special Plenary Paper Prize - Eileen Hlavka