text:
|Native Name:
|La Commune de Paris
|Conventional Long Name:
|The Commune of Paris
|Common Name:
|Paris Commune
|National Anthem:
|La marseillaise de la Commune
|Spring of 1871
|Government Type:
|Year Start:
|March 1871
|Year End:
|May 1871
|Date Start:
|Date End:
|French Third Republic
|French Third Republic
|Flag Alt:
|Red flag
|Red flag
|Coats of arms
|Common Languages:
|1 The Paris Commune was a city-state.
The Paris Commune or Fourth French Revolution (French: La Commune de Paris,) was a government that briefly ruled Paris from March 18 (more formally, from March 28) to May 28, 1871. It existed before the split between anarchists and Marxists had taken place, and it is hailed by both groups as the first assumption of power by the working class during the Industrial Revolution. Debates over the policies and outcome of the Commune contributed to the break between those two political groups.
In a formal sense, the Paris Commune simply acted as the local authority, the city council (in French, the "commune"), which exercised power in Paris for two months in the spring of 1871. However, the conditions in which it formed, its controversial decrees, and its violent end make its tenure one of the more important political episodes of the time.
The Commune was the result of an uprising in Paris after France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War. This uprising was chiefly caused by the disaster in the war and the growing discontent among French workers.[1] The worker discontent can be traced to the first worker uprisings, the Canut Revolts, in Lyon and Paris in the 1830s[2] (a Canut was a Lyonnais silk worker, often working on Jacquard looms).
Parisians, especially workers and the lower-middle classes, had long supported a democratic republic. A specific demand was that Paris should be self-governing with its own elected council, something enjoyed by smaller French towns but denied to Paris by a national government wary of the capital's unruly populace. An associated, but less well-articulated, wish was for a more "just," if not necessarily socialist, way of managing the economy, summed up in the popular appeal for "la république démocratique et sociale!" ("the democratic and social republic!")
The war with Prussia, initiated by Napoleon III in July 1870, turned out disastrously for France, and by September Paris itself was under siege. The gap between rich and poor in the capital had widened during the preceding years, and then food shortages, military failures, and, finally, a Prussian bombardment of the city contributed to a widespread discontent.In January 1871, after four months of siege the moderate republican Government of National Defense sought an armistice with the newly proclaimed German Empire. The Germans included a triumphal entry into Paris in their peace terms. Given the hardships of the siege, many Parisians were bitterly resentful of the Prussians (now at the head of the German Empire) being allowed even a brief ceremonial occupation of their city.
Hundreds of thousands of Parisians were armed members of a citizens' militia known as the "National Guard," which had been greatly expanded to help defend the city. Guard units elected their own officers, who, in working-class districts, included radical and socialist leaders.
Steps were taken to form a "Central Committee" of the Guard, including patriotic republicans and socialists, both to defend Paris against a possible German attack and also to defend the republic against a possible royalist restoration. The election of a monarchist majority to the new National Assembly in February 1871 made such fears seem plausible.
The population of Paris was defiant in the face of defeat and prepared to fight if the entry of the German army into the city should provoke them sufficiently. Before German troops entered Paris, National Guardsmen, helped by ordinary working people, managed to move large numbers of cannon (which they regarded as their own property because they had been partly paid for by public subscription) away from the Germans' path and store them in "safe" districts. One of the chief "cannon parks" was on the heights of Montmartre.
Adolphe Thiers was elected "Executive Power" of the new government to postpone the issue of whether to have a president or king. Thiers, as head of the new provisional national government, realized that in the current unstable situation the Central Committee of the Guard formed an alternative centre of political and military power. He was also concerned that workers would arm themselves with the National Guard's weapons and provoke the Germans.
The Germans entered Paris briefly and left again without incident, but Paris continued to be in a state of high political excitement. The newly elected National Assembly was in the process of moving to Bordeaux from Versailles (several miles south-west of Paris), having decided that the capital city was too turbulent for them to meet there. Their absence created a power vacuum in Paris as well as suspicion about the National Assembly's intentions, as it had a large royalist majority.
As the Central Committee of the National Guard adopted an increasingly radical stance and steadily gained authority, the government felt that it could not indefinitely allow it to have four hundred cannon at its disposal. So, as a first step, on March 18, 1871, Thiers ordered regular troops to seize the cannon stored on the Butte Montmartre and in other locations across the city. The soldiers, however, whose morale was low, fraternized with National Guards and local residents. The general at Montmartre, Claude Martin Lecomte, who was later said to have ordered them to fire on the crowd of National Guards and civilians, was dragged from his horse and later shot, together with General Thomas—a veteran republican now hated as former commander of the National Guard—who was seized nearby.
Other army units joined the rebellion, which spread so fast that the head of the government, French: Thiers, ordered an immediate evacuation of Paris by as many of the regular forces as would obey, by the police, and by administrators and specialists of every kind. He fled ahead of them to Versailles. French: Thiers claimed he had thought about this strategy (to retreat from Paris, and crush the insurrection afterward) for a long time, while meditating on the example of the 1848 Revolution, but it is just as likely that he panicked. There is no evidence that the government had expected or planned for the crisis that had now begun. The Central Committee of the National Guard was now the only effective government in Paris; it arranged elections for a Commune, to be held on March 26.
The 92 members of the "Communal Council" included a high proportion of skilled workers and several professionals (such as doctors and journalists). Many of them were political activists, ranging from reformist republicans, various types of socialists, to the Jacobins who tended to look back nostalgically to the Revolution of 1789.
The veteran leader of the 'Blanquist' group of revolutionary socialists, Louis Auguste Blanqui, was hoped by his followers to be a potential leader of the revolution, but he had been arrested on March 17 and was held in prison throughout the life of the Commune. The Commune unsuccessfully tried to exchange him, first against Georges Darboy, Archbishop of Paris, then against all 74 hostages it detained, but French: Thiers flatly refused (see below). The Paris Commune was proclaimed on March 28, although local districts often retained the organizations from the siege.
The commune adopted the previously discarded French Republican Calendar during its brief existence and used the socialist red flag rather than the republican tricolour. In 1848, during the Second Republic, radicals and socialists had also adopted the red flag to distinguish themselves from moderate Republicans; this was similar to the symbolic distinctions adopted by the moderate, liberal, Girondist movement during the 1789 revolution.
Despite internal differences, the Council made a good start in organizing the public services essential for a city of two million. It also reached consensus on certain policies that tended towards a progressive, secular, and highly-democratic social democracy, rather than a true social revolution. Because the Commune was able to meet on fewer than sixty days in all, only a few decrees were actually implemented. These included:
The decrees separated the church from the state, made all church property public property, and excluded the practice of religion from schools. (After the fall of the Commune, separation of Church and State, or laïcité, would not enter French law again until 1880-81 during the Third Republic, with the signing of the Jules Ferry laws and the 1905 French law on the separation of Church and State.) The churches were allowed to continue their religious activity only if they kept their doors open for public political meetings during the evenings. Along with the streets and the cafés, the churches became centres for political discussions and activities.
Other projected legislation dealt with educational reforms that would make further education and technical training freely available to all.
Women played an important role in both the initiation and governance of the Commune. Several women and children threw themselves between Adolphe Thiers' army and the canons they were attempting to confiscate from the National Guard on Montmartre. Despite orders from Thiers, soldiers refused to fire on their own people. This led the French army to retreat to Versailles and allowed the Paris Commune to form.
Some women organized a feminist movement, following on from earlier attempts in 1789 and 1848. Thus, Nathalie Lemel, a socialist bookbinder, and Élisabeth Dmitrieff, a young Russian exile and member of the Russian section of the First International (IWA), created the Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et les soins aux blessés ("Women's Union for the Defense of Paris and Care of the Injured") on April 11, 1871. The feminist writer André Léo, a friend of Paule Minck, was also active in the Women's Union. Believing that their struggle against patriarchy could only be pursued through a global struggle against capitalism, the association demanded gender equality, wages' equality, the right of divorce for women, the right to secular education and professional education for girls. They also demanded suppression of the distinction between married women and concubines, and between legitimate and illegitimate children. They advocated the abolition of prostitution (obtaining the closing of the maisons de tolérance, or legal official brothels). The Women's Union also participated in several municipal commissions and organized cooperative workshops.[3] Along with Eugène Varlin, Nathalie Le Mel created the cooperative restaurant La Marmite, which served free food for indigents, and then fought during the Bloody Week on the barricades.[4]
Paule Minck opened a free school in the Church of Saint Pierre de Montmartre and animated the Club Saint-Sulpice on the Left Bank.[4] The Russian Anne Jaclard, who declined to marry Dostoievsky and finally became the wife of Blanquist activist Victor Jaclard, founded the newspaper Paris Commune with André Léo. She was also a member of the Comité de vigilance de Montmartre, along with Louise Michel and Paule Minck, as well as of the Russian section of the First International. Victorine Brocher, close to the IWA activists, and founder of a cooperative bakery in 1867, also fought during the Commune and the Bloody Week.[4]
Famous figures such as Louise Michel, the "Red Virgin of Montmartre," who joined the National Guard and would later be sent to New Caledonia, symbolized the active participation of a small number of women in the insurrectionary events. A female battalion from the National Guard defended the Place Blanche during the repression.
The workload of the Commune leaders was enormous. The Council members (who were not "representatives" but delegates, subject in theory to immediate recall by their electors) were expected to carry out many executive and military functions as well as their legislative ones. The numerous ad hoc organisations set up during the siege in the localities ("quartiers") to meet social needs (canteens and first aid stations, for example) continued to thrive and cooperate with the Commune.
At the same time, these local assemblies pursued their own goals, usually under the direction of local workers. Despite the formal reformism of the Commune council, the composition of the Commune as a whole was much more revolutionary. Revolutionary factions included Proudhonists (an early form of moderate anarchism), members of the international socialists, Blanquists, and more libertarian republicans. The Paris Commune has been celebrated by anarchists and Marxists ever since then, due to the variety of political undercurrents, the high degree of workers' control, and the remarkable co-operation among different revolutionists.
For example, in the third arrondissement, school materials were provided free, three parochial schools were "laicised", and an orphanage was established. In the twentieth arrondissement, schoolchildren were provided with free clothing and food. There were many similar examples, but a vital ingredient in the Commune's relative success, at this stage, was the initiative shown by ordinary workers who managed to take on the responsibilities of the administrators and specialists who had been removed by French: Thiers.
After only a week, the Commune came under attack by elements of the army (which eventually included former prisoners of war released by the Germans) being reinforced at a furious pace at Versailles.
The Commune forces, the National Guard, first began skirmishing with the regular Army of Versailles on April 2. Neither side really sought a major civil war, nor was either side ever willing to negotiate. The nearby suburb of Courbevoie was occupied by the government forces on April 2, and a delayed attempt by the Commune's forces to march on Versailles on April 3 failed ignominiously. Defense and survival became overriding considerations, and the Commune leadership made a determined effort to turn the National Guard into an effective defense force.
Strong support also came from the large foreign community of political refugees and exiles in Paris: one of them, the Polish ex-officer and nationalist Jarosław Dąbrowski, was to be the Commune's best general. The Council was fully committed to internationalism, and in the name of brotherhood the Vendôme Column, celebrating the victories of Napoleon I, and considered by the Commune to be a monument to Bonapartism and chauvinism, was pulled down.
Abroad, there were rallies and messages of goodwill sent by trade union and socialist organisations, including some in Germany. But any hopes of getting serious help from other French cities were soon dashed. Thiers and his ministers in Versailles managed to prevent almost all information from leaking out of Paris; and in provincial and rural France there had always been a skeptical attitude towards the activities of the metropolis. Movements in Narbonne, Limoges, and Marseille were quickly crushed.
As the situation deteriorated further, a section of the Council won a vote (opposed by bookbinder Eugène Varlin, an associate of Michael Bakunin and correspondent of Karl Marx, and by other radicals) for the creation of a "Committee of Public Safety," modelled on the Jacobin organ with the same title that was formed in 1792. Its powers were extensive and ruthless in theory, but in practice it was ineffective.
Throughout April and May, government forces, constantly increasing in number - with Prussia releasing French POWs to help the French: Thiers government - besieged the city's powerful defences, and pushed back the National Guards. On May 21 a gate in the western part of the fortified city wall of Paris was opened, and Versaillese troops began the reconquest of the city. They first occupied the prosperous western districts, where they were welcomed by residents who had not left Paris after the armistice. It seems an engineer (who had spied regularly for the French: Thiers government) found the gate unmanned and signalled this to Versailles.
The strong local loyalties that had been a positive feature of the Commune now became something of a disadvantage: instead of an overall planned defence, each "quartier" fought desperately for its survival, and each was overcome in turn. The webs of narrow streets that made entire districts nearly impregnable in earlier Parisian revolutions had been largely replaced by wide boulevards during Haussmann's renovation of Paris. The Versaillese enjoyed a centralized command and had superior numbers. They had learned the tactics of street fighting and simply tunnelled through the walls of houses to outflank the Communards' barricades. Ironically, only where Haussmann had made wide spaces and streets were they held up by the defenders' gunfire.
During the assault, the government troops were responsible for slaughtering National Guard troops and civilians: many prisoners taken in possession of weapons, or who were suspected of having fought, were shot out of hand; summary executions were commonplace.The Commune had taken a "decree on hostages" on April 5, 1871, according to which any accomplice with Versailles would be made the "hostage of the Parisian people." Its article 5 also stated that the execution by Versailles of any war prisoner or partisan of the regular government of the Paris Commune would be followed on the spot by the execution of the triple number of retained hostages. But this decree was not applied. The Commune tried several times to exchange Monsiegneur Darboy, archbishop of Paris, for Auguste Blanqui, but French: Thiers flatly refused and his personal secretary, Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, declared: "The hostages! The hostages! too bad for them (tant pis pour eux!)."
Finally, during the Bloody Week and the ensuing executions by Versailles troops, Théophile Ferré signed the execution order for 6 hostages (including Monsiegneur Darboy), who were executed by firing squad on May 24 in the prison de la Roquette. This led Auguste Vermorel to ironically (and perhaps naively, since French: Thiers had refused any negotiation) declare: "What a great job! Now we've lost our only chance to stop the bloodshed." Ferré was himself executed in retaliation by French: Thiers' troops.[5] [6]
The toughest resistance came in the more working-class districts of the east, where fighting continued during the later stages of the week of vicious street fighting in what became known as La Semaine Sanglante ("The Bloody Week"). By May 27 only a few pockets of resistance remained, notably the poorer eastern districts of Belleville and Ménilmontant. Fighting ended during the late afternoon or early evening of May 28. According to legend, the last barricade was in the rue Ramponeau in Belleville.
Marshal MacMahon issued a proclamation: "To the inhabitants of Paris. The French army has come to save you. Paris is freed! At 4 o'clock our soldiers took the last insurgent position. Today the fight is over. Order, work and security will be reborn."
Reprisals now began in earnest. Having supported the Commune in any way was a political crime, of which thousands could be, and were, accused. Some Communards were shot against what is now known as the Communards' Wall in Père Lachaise Cemetery while thousands of others were tried by summary courts martial of doubtful legality, and thousands shot. Notorious sites of slaughter were the Luxembourg Gardens and the Lobau Barracks, behind the Hôtel de Ville. Nearly 40,000 others were marched to Versailles for trials. For many days endless columns of men, women and children made a painful way under military escort to temporary prison quarters in Versailles. Later 12,500 were tried, and about 10,000 were found guilty: 23 men were executed; many were condemned to prison; 4,000 were deported for life to New Caledonia. The number killed during La Semaine Sanglante can never be established for certain, and estimates vary from about 10,000 to 50,000. According to Benedict Anderson, "7,500 were jailed or deported" and "roughly 20,000 executed."[7]
One of the generals leading the counter-assault headed by French: Thiers was the Marquis de Galliffet, the fusilleur de la Commune who later took part as Minister of War in Waldeck-Rousseau's Government of Republican Defence at the turn of the century (alongside independent socialist Alexandre Millerand).
After the slaughter, Thiers said, "The ground is strewn with their corpses. May this terrible sight serve as a lesson." According to Alfred Cobban, 30,000 were killed, perhaps as many as 50,000 later executed or imprisoned and 7,000 were exiled to New Caledonia.[8] Thousands more, including most of the Commune leaders, succeeded in escaping to Belgium, Britain (a safe haven for 3,000-4,000 refugees), Italy, Spain and the United States. The final exiles and transportees were amnestied in 1880. Some became prominent in later politics, as Paris councillors, deputies or senators. In 1872, "stringent laws were passed that ruled out all possibilities of organizing on the left."[7] For the imprisoned there was a general amnesty in 1880, except for those convicted of assassination or arson. Paris remained under martial law for five years.
Karl Marx found it aggravating that the Communards "lost precious moments" organising democratic elections rather than instantly finishing off Versailles once and for all. France's national bank, located in Paris and storing billions of francs, was left untouched and unguarded by the Communards. They asked to borrow money from the bank, which they got easily.[9]
The Communards did take over the Paris mint and issued a 5 franc coin (identifiable by a trident mintmark) which is today quite scarce. However, they chose not to seize the national bank's assets because they were afraid that the world would condemn them if they did. Thus large amounts of money were moved from Paris to Versailles, money that financed the army that crushed the Commune.
Communists, left-wing socialists, anarchists and others have seen the Commune as a model for, or a prefiguration of, a liberated society, with a political system based on participatory democracy from the grass roots up. Marx and Friedrich Engels, Mikhail Bakunin, and later Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky and Mao Zedong tried to draw major theoretical lessons (in particular as regards the "dictatorship of the proletariat" and the "withering away of the state") from the limited experience of the Commune. A more pragmatic lesson was drawn by the diarist Edmond de Goncourt, who wrote, three days after La Semaine Sanglante, "…the bleeding has been done thoroughly, and a bleeding like that, by killing the rebellious part of a population, postpones the next revolution… The old society has twenty years of peace before it…"[10]
Karl Marx, in his important pamphlet The Civil War in France (1871), written during the Commune, praised the Commune's achievements, and described it as the prototype for a revolutionary government of the future, "the form at last discovered" for the emancipation of the proletariat.
Marx wrote that: "Working men's Paris, with its Commune, will be forever celebrated as the glorious harbinger of a new society. Its martyrs are enshrined in the great heart of the working class. Its exterminators' history has already nailed to that eternal pillory from which all the prayers of their priest will not avail to redeem them.".[11]
Friedrich Engels echoed this idea, later maintaining that the absence of a standing army, the self-policing of the "quarters," and other features meant that the Commune was no longer a "state" in the old, repressive sense of the term: it was a transitional form, moving towards the abolition of the state as such—he used the famous term later taken up by Lenin and the Bolsheviks: the Commune was, he said, the first "dictatorship of the proletariat," meaning it was a state run by workers and in the interests of workers. But Marx and Engels were not entirely uncritical of the Commune. The split between the Marxists and anarchists at the 1872 Hague Congress of the First International (IWA) may in part be traced to Marx's stance that the Commune might have saved itself had it dealt more harshly with reactionaries, instituted conscription, and centralized decision making in the hands of a revolutionary direction, etc. The other point of disagreement was the anti-authoritarian socialists' oppositions to the Communist conception of conquest of power and of a temporary transitional state (the anarchists were in favor of general strike and immediate dismantlement of the state through the constitution of decentralized workers' councils as those seen in the commune).
The Paris Commune has been regarded with awe by many Leftist leaders. Mao would refer to it often. Lenin, along with Marx, judged the Commune a living example of the "dictatorship of the proletariat," though Lenin criticized the Communards for having "stopped half way … led astray by dreams of … establishing a higher [capitalist] justice in the country … such institutions as the banks, for example, were not taken over"; he thought their "excessive magnanimity" had prevented them from "destroying" the class enemy.[12] At his funeral, Lenin's body was wrapped in the remains of a red and white flag preserved from the Commune . The Soviet spaceflight Voskhod 1 carried part of a communard banner from the Paris Commune. Also, the Bolsheviks renamed the dreadnought battleship Sevastopol to Parizhskaya Kommuna.
Other assessments of the Commune's reign were highly critical. The approbation of Marx, Engels, and other communists/socialists/anarchists stands in sharp contrast to the disapprobation of the American Ambassador to France at the time. American Ambassador and eyewitness Elihu Washburne, writing in his personal diary which is quoted at length in noted historian David McCullough's book, The Greater Journey (Simon & Shuster 2011), described the Communards as "brigands,"" assassins", and "scoundrels"; "I have no time now to express my detestation…. [T]hey threaten to destroy Paris and bury everybody in its ruins before they will surrender." Ultimately, the fighting resulted in the burning of the Tuileries Palace, Hotel de Ville, Palais de Justice, Prefecture of Police, Palais Royal, and many houses. Washburne unsuccessfully sought to save the archbishop of Paris, Monsiegneur Georges Darboy, and many priests, from massacre by the Communards. Washburne wrote that the Commune was guilty of "unparalleled atrocities", followed by "awful vengeances" as the government troops retook Paris.
Simultaneously with the Paris Commune, uprisings in Lyon, Grenoble and other cities established equally short-lived communes.
The Red Republic, A Romance of The Commune, Robert W Chambers 1895 a Romantic adventure about the Paris Commune of 1871
Older works include:
"In March 1871 the Commune took power in the abandoned city and held it for two months. Then seized the moment to attack and, in one horrifying week, executed roughly 20,000 Communards or suspected sympathizers, a number higher than those killed in the recent war or during Robespierre's 'Terror' of 1793–94. More than 7,500 were jailed or deported to places like New Caledonia. Thousands of others fled to Belgium, England, Italy, Spain and the United States. In 1872, stringent laws were passed that ruled out all possibilities of organizing on the left. Not till 1880 was there a general amnesty for exiled and imprisoned Communards. Meantime, the Third Republic found itself strong enough to renew and reinforce Louis Napoleon's imperialist expansion—in Indochina, Africa, and Oceania. Many of France's leading intellectuals and artists had participated in the Commune (Courbet was its quasi-minister of culture, Rimbaud and Pissarro were active propagandists) or were sympathetic to it. The ferocious repression of 1871 and after was probably the key factor in alienating these milieux from the Third Republic and stirring their sympathy for its victims at home and abroad."
But two mistakes destroyed the fruits of the splendid victory. The proletariat stopped half-way: instead of setting about "expropriating the expropriators," it allowed itself to be led astray by dreams of establishing a higher justice in the country united by a common national task; such institutions as the banks, for example, were not taken over, and Proudhonist theories about a "just exchange," etc., still prevailed among the socialists. The second mistake was excessive magnanimity on the part of the proletariat: instead of destroying its enemies it sought to exert moral influence on them; it underestimated the significance of direct military operations in civil war, and instead of launching a resolute offensive against Versailles that would have crowned its victory in Paris, it tarried and gave the Versailles government time to gather the dark forces and prepare for the blood-soaked week of May.
…Mindful of the lessons of the Commune, it [the Russian proletariat] knew that the proletariat should not ignore peaceful methods of struggle—they serve its ordinary, day-to-day interests, they are necessary in periods of preparation for revolution—but it must never forget that in certain conditions the class struggle assumes the form of armed conflict and civil war; there are times when the interests of the proletariat call for ruthless extermination of its enemies in open armed clashes.


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June 2009
Ellora's Cave Romantica Publishing
128 pages
Erotic Contemporary
Rating: 4 cups
Samantha Hastings has been dreaming of a man since she was fourteen years of age. Twelve years later, she has written a series of books based on him. Chance Davis is an entirely fictional character, or so she thinks.
David Chance never dreamed his face would be plastered all over the covers of romance novels. Let alone, his secrets laid out between the pages. His business manager wants David to sue, but David is more concerned with finding this woman and finding out how she knows the intimate details of his life.
A book signing for Sam's latest novel goes a bit astray when the man from the cover shows up. The women in line and Sam's business manager believe it is all staged by Sam. No one notices how stunned Sam is when the man of her dreams asks her to sign his book. In lieu of suing Sam and her manager, David demands Sam follow him around the professional wrestling circuit where he wrestles as Chance Brava. Sam agrees, but finds she may be in a bit over her head when it comes to being David's "toy" for six months. Love sometimes has a way of creeping in where you least expect it.
David is one of those men who could have any woman in the world, yet he lusts for Sam. He is an incredibly handsome man, but Sam feels he could do much better. Sam is the average woman, so unsure of her worth where a man is concerned. All of the questions she asks herself, most women can certainly relate to. Getting an inside look at the professional wrestling you can't see on television allowed me to gain a totally different perspective. I enjoyed this book. The intensity of the emotions between these two characters jumped off the page. Ms. Lee has created a book this reviewer will read again and again.
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Short Blog Today
by Codie Allen
posted Sep 5 2012 7:17AM
I should be rested and ready to go after a long Labor Day weekend, but I am so worn out and can't seem to shake this fatigue. Sometimes you just need a vacation from the vacation. It's a good thing this is a short week!
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Tswalu Kalahari can be easily accessed by both road and air. Private scheduled charters offered daily flights from Johannesburg or Cape Town International Airports directly onto Tswalu Kalahari's' own private tarred airstrip. Click here for details on road access to Tswalu.
The climate at Tswalu varies depending on the time of year you visit so please visit our weather section for further details. It is however always advisable to pack sunscreen, a hat, and a good pair of walking shoes. In summer, light cool clothing is best with a light warm clothing item for early morning game drives. In winter, please remember a warm jacket and some cooler clothing for the afternoons.
Please also note that Tswalu Kalahari is free of malaria and other tropical diseases.


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On the front lines of the African climate change battle
Who's killing Uganda's leading Muslim clerics?
31 Jul 2009 10:22 GMT
State television footage shown to officials and journalists showed jubilant police celebrating around the body. Propaganda claim Earlier a Reuters news agency reporter and other local journalists said that they had seen Yusuf in detention at a military barracks in Maiduguri and suffering from no visible injuries.
Profile: Boko Haram Video: Deadly Nigeria fighting rages on Video: Dozens killed in violence in northern Nigeria Pictures: Deadly clashes hit Nigeria
"There had been reports all over Nigeria that they had arrested him, that they had detained him and that he was killed in their custody," Al Jazeera's Yvonne Ndege, reporting from Maiduguri, said.
"They [the police] say this is total propaganda designed to discredit the Nigerian security services.""They say that he was killed in a shootout in the compound where he lived, where they found explosive materials, a clinic making all sorts of chemical weapons, they say, and a room where they were putting together all sorts of police uniforms." A correspondent for the UK-based BBC news network said a video shown to officials and journalists showed Yusuf confessing and saying he regretted his actions.
"The next moment on the video footage he was seen shot ... They showed his body," the correspondent said.'Extra-judicial killing'
New York-based Human Rights Watch described Yusuf's death as "an extra-judicial killing"."The extra-judicial killing of Mr Yusuf in police custody is a shocking example of the brazen contempt by the Nigerian police for the rule of law," Eric Guttschuss, the organisation's Nigeria researcher, said.
Nigeria's 140 million people are nearly evenly divided between Christians, who dominate the south, and the primarily northern-based Muslims.
Islamic law was implemented in 12 northern states after Nigeria returned to civilian rule in 1999 following years of military rule.
Source: Al Jazeera and agencies
Deputy leader of Boko Haram reportedly among dead in shelling of group's compound.
Hundreds believed dead as troops continue hunt for fighters seeking sharia across country.
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MnDOT Metro District Outlines Groundwater Pollution Prevention Plan at Ramsey-Washington County Water Fest Saturday, June 1
(Roseville, Minn.) – The Minnesota Department of Transportation Metro District will outline efforts to reduce surface and groundwater at the Ramsey-Washington County Water Fest at Lake Phalen in St. Paul. The annual event is scheduled from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Saturday, June 1, 2013 at the Lake Phalen Lake Center/Pavilion.
Federal and state laws require Mn/DOT to reduce the amount of surface and groundwater pollution through a Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) program. The Minnesota Department of Transportation operates under a MS$ NPDES program permit issued by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.
As part of the current MS4 program and permit, Mn/DOT is seeking public comments about its Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). This plan includes best management practices for construction projects along with maintenance and operations activities.
For more information about Mn/DOT Metro's MS4 program and to view a copy of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) please go to the Mn/DOT Metro MS4 webpage located at: www.dot.state.mn.us/metro/waterresources.
For travel information anywhere in Minnesota visit www.511mn.org.


text: Hi guys, total newbie alert here. I'm trying to decide between two bikes for my first fixie. I've got my eyes on a silver/gray Shogun 400 as well as a tangerine Schwinn Le Tour II. The Schwinn looks great in pics, but due to its location would take a bit of a commitment to pick up. Anyway I just wanted to see if there were any opinions about those two bikes in particular. I appreciate all your input!


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Franco Harris (32) of the Pittsburgh Steelers eludes tackle by Jimmy Warren of the Oakland Raiders on a 42-yard run to score the winning touchdown in the American Conference playoff game in Pittsburgh, Sunday, Dec. 23, 1972. Harris' "Immaculate Reception" came when a desperation pass to a teammate bounced off a Raiders defender. The touchdown gave Pittsburgh a 13-7 lead with five second left in the game. (AP Photo/Harry Cabluck) ORG XMIT: PGS8 / HARRY CABLUCK Associated Press
View the full article on USATODAY.com.
Copyright 2015 USATODAY.com
Read the original story: Vote: Rate the best NFL and United Way PSAs


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Sharm El Sheikh to Petra excursion
Tour to Petra - Jordan by ferry from Sharm el Sheikh, Excursion to visit Petra and its Sightseeing, to discover The great treasury, Roman theatre, the Royal tombs, Rainbow tombs and the Canyon.
Pick up from your hotel in Sharm el Sheikh
Pick up from your hotel in Sharm el Sheikh in the early morning, then drive for approximately two and half hours to Taba, it is nice drive through Sinai desert between the high mountains of Sinai and the Gulf of Aqaba. Come to dock to take the Ferry boat, sail across the gulf of Aqaba from Taba to Aqaba - Jordan. Drive to Petra by bus for approximately two hours, where a 2-3 hour guided tour begins.
Walk through the Canyon or Siq
We start the tour on foot, though the Siq or the Canyon, a narrow, winding gorge over 1 kilometer in length. Beautiful sandstone formations of Petra were once occupied by the Edomites. One of the reasons why Petra was such an attractive site for the Nabateans is its virtual hiddeness behind a narrow and easily defensible canyon known as the Siq.
Visit of Al Khazneh or The Treasury at Petra
As you come to the end of this beautiful ravine, a very narrow opening offers a peephole to one of the most spectacular sites in Petra - the treasury. Carved out of the side of the sandstone mountain face probably in the first century BC, scholars debate as to it's actual function.
The Roman theatre & the Royal tombs
After the visit of the treasury we will visit the Roman theater which dates back to Byzantine era & the Royal tombs. Not a lot is known about the ancient culture of the Nabateans, except that they were excellent engineers.With amazing skill and craft they built water conservation and irrigation systems and carved their homes, temples and tombs right out of the rocks.
Lunch will be offered in a local restaurant, drinks are not included.
Visit of Al Habis fort
Afterward, we continue our tour to the hill of Al-Habis fort which dates back to Crusaders times, for a breathtaking panoramic view of deep gullies and uniquely colored rock formations.
Back to Sharm-el-Sheikh
After visiting will drive back to Sharm el Sheikh .
Excursion details
We run the tour on
Tue / Fri
180 170 free
Excursion includes
- Pick up & drop off from & to your hotel in Sharm el Sheikh.
- Transfers by air conditioned car in Sharm el Sheikh and Jordan.
- Entrance fees to the sites as per the program.
- Professional English speaking tour guide.
- Return ferry tickets Sharm/Aqaba/Sharm.
- Lunch in a local restaurant in Jordan.
- Visa to Jordan
Excursion excludes
- Drinks in the restaurant.
- Any extras not mentioned in the program.
What to take with you?
- Passport.
- Breakfast box (free of charge in all hotels) .
- Hat, camera, sunglasses & comfortable shoes.
- gallery
- gallery


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What Women Really Want, Explained By A PIMP
I am always amused when I hear guys talking about how hard it is to get laid, how all the easy women are nasty and how all hot girls are lesbians or just don't put out, because for me, women have always been easy. Every woman that I have ever met, excluding family of course, have either wanted to ride the JoeyCoaster, have had thoughts about riding the JoeyCoaster or have taken a pleasurable ride on the JoeyCoaster.
To me all women are easy, because I know what they want. I am a PIMP by blood and you can be too, if you can master the 5 things that I have outlined below.
- BE DANGEROUS – women love danger. So be dangerous and beat your girls routinely. Every PIMP has their own preference for when they beat women but what I like to do is not be too rough but rough enough to let them know they are in danger and to invoke fear. For example, I routinely throw my women out of moving vehicles, to show them how dangerous I am and that I just don't give a f@@k. I have thrown JenJen out of my car 3-times now and she is lovin' it!
- BE DESIRABLE – women love it when men are wanted by other women. The only way to show that you are wanted by other women, is to have sex with other women, the more women the better. If you are caught cheating on the woman that you are "with", first deny it, then admit to it and then make up an excuse about it not being your fault and how the other women took advantage of you. Once she has taken you back, the sex will be 10x better because she will realize that she has got to work 10x harder to keep you in her bed and out of the other woman's bed. JenJen has caught me cheating on her 5-times, this means the sex is 50x better now, than it was when I first started dating her, and I am lovin' it!
- BE A FIRE HOSE IN BED – treat your penis like a fire hose and the woman's vagina like a fire, a real big fire that needs lots of water. Get it into your head, that if you do not put the fire out, then your penis will be burnt up and no longer of any use. Now if using this technique correctly, treating ever time you have sex as a life or death situation, then you should see a massive increase in your stamina and in turn bring pleasure to women like they have never experienced before. After great sex, all women will tell their friends, in turn causing her friends to seek some hydration from your fire hose. Joey is the biggest, baddest firetruck around and I am lovin' it and so are the ladies!
- BE A DADDY – women love men that have kids. Something about seeing a man walking around with his child drives women crazy. I think it has to do with fertility or some shiat, but you know what, I don't care, all I know is that it works. For example, take a look at K Fed, he had 2-kids from his previous girl and now he has got one with Britney Spears, now that man is a true PIMP that is playing by my rules. The great part about this is that it doesn't even need to be your kid, it can be your nephew or niece, this is what I have done in the past, before I got JenJen pregnant and I was lovin' it!
- BE A JERK – women love men that are jerks. So be a jerk, be a really great one: never hold the door for her, rarely compliment her, rarely tell her that you love her and never ever call her back until she has called you at least 3-times. If you do accidentally compliment her, don't panic; take it back by picking at one of her flaws until she cries. That's how I play it out and I am lovin' it!
So there you have them, the 5 things that every playa needs to master before becoming a PIMP. So how about it ladies, do you agree? Holla at cha boy Joey.
thebitterblog.com - Been Big PIMPIN since 1979 -
Tags: Pimp What Women Want Jerk Girlfriend Love Women Humor Blog


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KETTERER email@example.com_county.toronto.toronto_star 2002-12-28 published
HALL, Victor -- After a valiant fight with lung cancer at Lakeridge Health Bowmanville on Tuesday, December 24th, 2002, Victor HALL age 75 years. Beloved husband of Joyce Fahey McDONALD and the late Anita BROWN, who was the mother of his cherished daughter Lynda, wife of Dave BROWNING of St. George, Ontario. Devoted grandfather to Todd BADOUR (Tammy) of Smithville, Ontario and Scott BADOUR of St. George. Brother of Doug (Reny) of Sardis, British Columbia and the late Audrey KETTERER and Len. Uncle of Michael, Robert, Peter HALL and Carolyn McARTHUR. He will also be deeply mourned by Joyce's family, especially her children John (Georgette), Jaye Ann, Jason (Anne). Special Grandpa Vic to Tristan, Brendan and Jessica. We are extremely grateful for the wonderful care he received from the staff of the Medical floor at Lakeridge Health Bowmanville and the Oncology staff at Lakeridge Health Oshawa. Special thanks to Dr. Susan FINLAY, as well as Nurse Lyn SMALL and Christina for their excellent care and support. Following Vic's wishes, cremation has taken place. A Memorial Service will be held at Beechwood Cemetery, Ottawa at 3 p.m. on Monday, December 30th, 2002. In his memory, donations to Lakeridge Health Bowmanville are appreciated. Arrangements entrusted to The Northcutt Elliott Funeral Home, 53 Division St. N., Bowmanville (905) 623-5668.
K... Names KE... Names KET... Names Welcome Home
KETTERER - All Categories in OGSPI
KETZLER email@example.com_current.manitoulin_expositor 2002-06-26 published
Marvin McCORMICK
Surrounded by his family, after a long and courageous battle, Marvin passed away peacefully on Tuesday, June 18, 2002 at the Sault Area Hospital in his 57th year. He will be greatly missed by his loving wife and best friend Angela (BRUNO.) son of the late Edith and Arden McCORMICK. Step-son of Al BUDGE. Dear brother of James (Lois,) twin sister Marlene LEWIS (Ken) all of Manitoulin Island. Dorothy GENO (Roger) of Sudbury and Eddie BUDGE (Cathy) of Saint Thomas. Special nephew of Clarence MORRISON and the late Verna MORRISON and dear cousin of Ginger MORRISON all of Manitoulin Island. Son-in-law of Giuseppe and Erminia BRUNO. Brother-in-law of August and Anna BOSSIO, Fernando and Maria SPINA and Peter and Anna BRUNO all of Sault Ste. Marie. Marvin will be missed by all of his family and Friends. Friends called the Northwood Funeral Home (942 Great Northern Road) on Friday, June 21, 2002. Funeral Mass was conducted at Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church on Saturday June 22 at 10: 00 a.m. with Reverend James KETZLER officiating. Entombment at the Holy Sepulchre Cemetery Mausoleum. Memorial donations made to the Cancer Society or the Ontario Heart and Stroke Foundation would be greatly appreciated. Heartfelt thanks to all of the doctors and nurses of the Sault Area Hospital, Mount Sinai and the Toronto General for the special care given to Marvin.
K... Names KE... Names KET... Names Welcome Home
KETZLER - All Categories in OGSPI


text:
Review for Customized Macbook Air Sleeve 13in - Horizontal
Chad – Verified Buyer
I love the MacBook Air sleeve. It is exactly what I was looking for. I travel for a living and needed a little extra protection for my new Macbook Air. I have a TSA friendly bag but the "friendly" pouch offers mediocre protection (my old Macbook Pro received a dent while in there).
The Rickshaw sleeve offers just the right amount of extra cozy protection for the computer and is the perfect around town protection when I'm not on the road. Best of all, I was able to customize the look of the sleeve to appear as though it were part of my TSA friendly bag. Awesome.
I just stumbled on Rickshaw, but I'm glad I did. I got exactly what I wanted for a fair price and I love buying local. I would buy it again and will continue to protect my equipment (and of course, look good too) with Rickshaw products in the future.


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Enhancing HMIS Data Quality
July 2005
Achieving the goals of HMIS requires quality data. This paper describes program and system level strategies to improve data quality. Separate chapters provide information and tips for front-line and data entry staff, program directors, CoC and implementation-level HMIS managers and administrators, and software providers. The appendices include valuable resources, such as a sample data collection form, a list of validation checks for particular fields, and sample data quality reports.


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I would like to get a fault code reader for my car but the adverts seems to imply that diesels are only OBDII after 2004 (petrols from 2001). Is this correct or will they work on my 03 TDCI?
Many Thanks
TDCI 2003 DTC Reading
Started by mark452, Mar 27 2009 05:09 PM
1 reply to this topic
Posted 27 March 2009 - 05:09 PM
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Posted 27 March 2009 - 05:33 PM
AFAIK your focus is indeed OBDII
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Light rain is in store for portions of the Northern Plains, western Midwest, and eastern Midwest Tuesday. Other primary U.S. and Canadian Prairies crop areas will be dry. Temperatures will be mild in northern, central and eastern areas, and hot in western and southern areas. This combination again is mostly favorable to crops; however, stress in areas with dry and hot conditions will occur.
Highs: 70s/80s Prairies, Northern Plains, Midwest; 90s western, central and Southern Plains, Delta, Deep South, Southeast, Texas.


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B5 - Artist Profile
B5 Talks New Album, Their Sound, Sticking Together, The Industry & More
Mon, Nov 25, 2013 in Interviews
B5 did it like only Bad Boys could the first time around, but now they are back and doing it their way. They are older and have much more to say to their adoring fans
B5 - Say Yes (Acoustic)
Mon, Oct 14, 2013 in Videos
B5 shows off their harmonic bond with an acoustic performance of their single "Say Yes."
B5 - Say Yes
Thu, May 09, 2013 in Videos
R&B group B5 releases the music video for their brand new sultry single entitled "Say Yes."
B5 - Say Yes [PREMIERE]
Mon, May 06, 2013 in Music
R&B group B5 returns with a brand new sultry single entitled "Say Yes." Premiering exclusively on Singersroom.com, the sensual ballad sees the group painting a colorful picture about taking care of your partner if you were in love.
B5 Reclaims Name & Drops "Cookie"
Sat, Oct 13, 2012 in News
Diddy introduced the teenage Breeding brothers known as B5 in 2005, and the group released their self titled debut album featuring the singles "All I Do" and "U Got Me."
B5 - Cookie
Sat, Oct 13, 2012 in Music
B5 have grown past their Radio Disney songs, the raunchy lyrics of "Cookie" confirms the fellas enjoy the taste of women. A visual for the single would probably get labeled rated "R", which is a long way from their cover of Jackson 5's "All I Do."
Did R&B Group B5 Leave Bad Boy?
Wed, Aug 06, 2008 in News
B5 - In My Bedroom
Mon, Oct 29, 2007 in Music
B5: Prepare For 5
Fri, Oct 26, 2007 in Interviews
B5 - Erika Kane
Thu, Sep 13, 2007 in Music


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The Bachelor of Music prepares you for a career as a professional musician or composer. Areas of concentration include all areas of instrumental performance, including voice, winds, strings, keyboard, brass, and percussion, as well as composition and piano pedagogy. It also serves as the gateway to graduate-level studies in music.
Bachelor of Music
Common Professions
Performer, music teacher, conductor, composer
- Brass
- Composition
- Harp
- Organ
- Percussion
- Piano Pedagogy
- Piano Performance
- String
- Voice
- Woodwind
"Because of LSU, I have been able to participate in concerts and educational programs in Central and South America, South Africa, and Europe. Furthermore, LSU has supported me and participated, through its teachers and students, in the music projects that I have in Panama. I am very grateful to be part of this wonderful family."
—Isaac Casal, cello performance major
—Isaac Casal, cello performance major


text: > View Product Details Please select the size of the product. Please enter valid quantity. Diesel black cotton graphic short sleeve t-shirt overview details Retail: $68.00 Reduced: $37.99 40% Off : $22.79 color : We're sorry. This style is sold out. Black / Grey You don't have to be changing the diesel to be completely rugged in stylish apparel from Diesel. Color: Black / Grey Lightweight cotton knit Rib banded crewneck Graphic at chest Short sleeve Modern fit 100% Cotton; Machine Wash; Imported; style#322237901


text:
This is the November 30, 2012 news archive. View today's NL Central rumors and news.
NL Central
NL Central News and Rumors
Chris Duncan resists brain cancer - just like his mom does
yahoo.com Updated Nov 30, 2012
The family of major-league pitching coach Dave Duncan has been hit unbelievably hard by cancer over the past year and a half. Eight weeks ago, Dave's son Chris Duncan - a slugger with the St. Louis Cardinals from 2005-2009 - was diagnosed with glioblaShare Tweet
Bucs sign Morton, tender contracts to five othersCharlie Morton avoided arbitration by agreeing to a one-year contract Friday night with the Pirates, who also made contract offers to all five other arbitration-eligible players still on the roster.Share Tweet
Perfect game pitcher Humber claimed by AstrosThe Houston Astros have claimed Philip Humber off waivers from the Chicago White Sox and agreed to a one-year contract with the pitcher who threw a perfect game last season.Share Tweet
Martin signs two-year, $17M deal with PiratesRussell Martin is going from a franchise that has won a record 27 World Series titles to a franchise that has endured a record 20 consecutive losing seasons.Share Tweet
Pirates part ways with Karstens after five seasonsRighty Jeff Karstens was designated for assignment on Friday by the Pirates, who used his vacated roster spot to accommodate newly signed catcher Russell Martin.Share Tweet
St. Louis Columnist Determined To Uncover The Truth About David Freese's Car Crashdeadspin.com Nov 30, 2012World Series hero David Freese had a car accident on Thanksgiving. He was driving his Range Rover in Wildwood, outside St. Louis, when a deer appeared ahead of him. Freese swerved to avoid it, lost control, and drove off the road an into a tree. At leas…Share Tweet
Cubs' spring slate includes two games in VegasThe Cubs will open 2013 Spring Training on Feb. 23 against the Angels in Tempe, Ariz., and play 17 home games at HoHoKam Park in Mesa, plus two exhibition games in Las Vegas.Share Tweet
Cashman confident Yanks are offseason winnersCNNSI.com Nov 30, 2012STAMFORD, Conn. (AP) -- Brian Cashman feels so good about the Yankees' offseason, he decided to rapel down a building.Share Tweet
Sports Columnists
Adande: Point taken -- November games count, tooNov 30Antawn Jamison and Jodie Meeks spark Lakers off bench as offense clicks.
Peter King: RGIII's smarts, skills leave opposing defenses scramblingNov 30Pardon the cliché-fest, but it's the little things that, very often, are the difference between winning and losing in a football game. Sometimes they're so little that you don't see them when you watch the game, and you don't even notice on the fourth …
NFL Week 13 review: John Clayton's Last CallNov 30The AFC playoff picture is mostly set, but the Steelers are making things interesting, writes John Clayton.
The Sports Guy's Week 13 picks and trying to keep up with all the changes …Nov 30The 2012 NFL season will be memorialized as the season football changed, but not necessarily for the better — plus Week 13 picks.


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(CNN) - TV legend Oprah Winfrey will deliver the commencement address at Harvard University's 362nd graduation ceremony in May.
The school made the announcement on its website Monday.
Harvard's President cited her "extraordinary influence and reach as a force for good in the world."
Winfrey will speak at the Commencement "Afternoon Exercises," which also serves as the Harvard Alumni Association's annual meeting.
The graduation ceremony is May 30.


text:
Muslim cleric 'assaulted, removed from mosque'Comment on this story
Cape Town - A city Muslim cleric was allegedly assaulted while conducting a funeral prayer in a Strand mosque and forcibly removed from the premises by worshippers.
Sheikh Nazeem Safodien said he was left with a bruised body after being manhandled by a group of men at the Gustrouw Road mosque on December 27.
The incident was allegedly instigated by the mosque's imam, Ghoesyn Rhoda, but Rhoda has denied that Safodien was assaulted.
"I was in terrible physical and emotional pain, the way those people handled me. They dragged me from pillar to post, insulted me in public, threatening me that if I don't leave they will physically hurt me, and (they) accused me of talking lies in letters to the Muslim Judicial Council (MJC)," Safodien said.
Safodien said he took part in late evening prayers, which Rhoda had led.
"After the completion of the evening salaah, we moved forward carrying the deceased to the front to perform the salaah of Janaazah (funeral prayer) on the deceased female. I was appointed by the deceased's family to lead and perform the burial at home, the mosque and the graveyard.
"Ghoesyn Rhoda stood up where he led the ishaa prayer, shouting at me and telling me in front of all the people: 'Jy Nazeem, jy kan nie ons masiet salaah nie. Dis ons masiet en jy's nie welkom hier nie. Gaan uit (You Nazeem cannot pray in our mosque. This is our mosque and you are not welcome here. Get out).'"
Safodien said men grabbed him by the neck and arms and dragged him to the back of the mosque. One put his arm under his chin, and he was pushed against a shoe rack.
He said it was not the first time he had been prevented by Rhoda from performing funeral prayers.
The first time, Safodien said, the MJC had been called in to mediate. He said he filed a criminal complaint against Rhoda, who allegedly instigated the assault.
Rhoda said Safodien was not attacked, but had been told he was not welcome in the mosque and should leave.
"Due to circumstances in our town, he was told that he wasn't welcome in our mosque. When he was told to leave, he was the one who started the fracas."
Asked to explain the circumstances, Rhoda said he would elaborate on Tuesday.
Cape Times
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text:
File Name: Binary Revolution Radio - 127 - Visual Studio 2005 Does Not Suck
File Submitter: StankDawg
File Submitted: 27 Jan 2010
File Category: Binary Revolution Radio
Original Release Date: 2005-12-20
Hosts: BlackRatchet & ntheory
Don't be a software jockeyand throw hardware problems due to crappy coding. Send us emails. Ratchet drops his docs, and buys a house. The new .NET was released around Mid-November. Microsoft has hired an evangelist to keep your head from spinning. Ntheory will sacrifice his life for the stream. Discussion between managed and unmanaged code. Unmanaged code will let you get functionality in your device. ntheory crashed the new .NET 2-3 time, and helped fix their own code. Ratchet prefers to document code bottom-top. Editing code with .NET makes it rough on the moist toilettes. .NET is on it's way out but C# should always be in need.
Click here to download this file
New download: Binary Revolution Radio - Binary Revolution Radio - 127
Started by StankDawg , Jan 27 2010 09:41 AM
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BinRev is hosted by the great people at Lunarpages!


text:
Now, Clear Channel Goes Directly To Artists
Clear Channel has announced the first direct performing rights partnership between a radio company and an artist. Fleetwood Mac will receive revenue from airplay on Clear Channels radio stations and digital platforms. The agreement with Fleetwood Mac follows similar agreements with several independent labels Clear Channel has cut, but it is the first to be negotiated directly with an artist or group. Clear Channel says these deals help build a sustainable business model for Internet radio.
Clear Channel CEO Bob Pittman says, Fleetwood Mac has blown me away from the first time I heard them they are the perfect group for radio. Reaching an agreement with them is the clearest sign yet that this kind of revenue-sharing model represents the industrys future it is a win-win-win, for artists, fans, and the music business. We look forward to helping Fleetwood Mac get their hit songs to their fans on whatever platform or device they want to find them.
The groups new EP, "Extended Play," features the first recording of new Fleetwood Mac music since the release of Say You Will over a decade ago.
Irving Azoff of Azoff Music Management, a representative of the band, said, Fleetwood Mac has consistently pushed the envelope, creating new sounds, making music that seems designed for radio, and looking at the industry in new ways. Its fitting that a group thats played such an integral role in radio and music history would be the first band to take such a major step, helping the music industry create a sustainable digital marketplace so it can thrive for decades to come. Were delighted to join Clear Channel in creating a new model for the music industry, one that will be good for performing artists, good for music fans, and good for the people who have invested their talent, time and money.
Isn't Clear Channel the 800 LBS gorilla? Also what does "Helb" mean? Typos are not good in articles....
|- Tom Sheffield
As it has always been, the closer the relationship with the artist the better for radio! This is the kind of big picture move that gets attention. I remember Frances Preston saying it best, " It all begins with he song!"
This will get big brother's attention...
|- Mike Kirtner
This will get big brother's attention...
|- Mike Kirtner
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The Smith House Nursing and Rehabilitation Center is a 128 bed facility offering short-term rehabilitation for inpatients and outpatients, special care for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related illnesses, IV therapy, Respite Care, and Long Term Skilled Nursing Care. Complementing the round-the-clock attention of our nursing and medical staff is a dedicated corps of Rehabilitation Therapists, Social Workers, Registered Dietitians, Dentists, Optometrists, Audiologists, Podiatrists, Pharmacists, Recreation Therapists, and X-Ray and Laboratory Technicians.
Situated on 13 wooded acres in north Stamford since 1963, The Smith House is truly an established asset in our community. As you enter The Smith House through our lobby, you are greeted with an aura of warmth and professionalism. Our 68 private resident rooms and 30 semi private rooms provide comfort and space for residents to customize their living area with their personal belongings. The quiet indoor lounges, music room, library, chapel and outdoor walking trails, provide private areas for gatherings with family and friends.
Smith House is excited to have our Short Term Rehabilitation Program featured on It's Relevant. You can view the program here.
We welcome you to make an appointment to tour our facility by calling (203) 322-3428 and asking for the Admissions Department. Our staff will be happy to show you the environment in which we care for our residents at Smith House Nursing and Rehabilitation Center.


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Juniata Elementary School
Public School | Grades PK-6 | Adams Central Public Schools
Juniata, NE 68955
(402) 751-2245
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Only 25 Canvas Giclée Proofs will be issued in this new Robert Taylor edition, and each one will be individually signed by the artist Robert Taylor in oil paint. All THIRTEEN of the veterans whose signatures appear on the Collectors Edition paper print will individually sign the unique Presentation Certificate issued with each Giclee Canvas Proof.
To replicate the artist's original painting so faithfully, each print is individually worked by a specialist master printer laying down solid colour on canvas, so that only the experienced eye can distinguish them from the original.
So life-like is the result it is necessary for us to imprint the words "this is a giclee print reproduction" on the reverse of the canvas to ensure they are never mistaken for the original.
Of these remarkable state-of-the-art Giclee Canvas Proofs, Robert Taylor has this to say:
"These giclee prints are about as near to the original painting in colour and texture as it is
possible to achieve in reproduced format. I am deeply impressed."
Issued with an ORIGINAL pencil drawing by Robert Taylor
This outstanding EIGHTEEN signature edition is a wonderful opportunity to invest in a truly memorable tribute to the airmen involved in the historic Doolittle Raid. These courageous flyers represent the outstanding courage shown by the thousands of men who fought and flew in the Pacific during World War II. With all the signatures and components of the Commemorative Proofs, this special Tribute Edition is issued accompanied by an original pencil drawing, skillfully drawn by Robert Taylor. Each of these magnificent drawings has been conservation matted to include the following five additional signatures, including that of General 'JIMMY' H. DOOLITTLE!
General JAMES H. DOOLITTLE MOH
General 'Jimmy' Doolittle *s lifetime spanned the entire era of aviation from the Wright Brothers to astronauts landing on the moon. An Army pilot at 17, he took to dare-devil stunt-flying, air racing, and record breaking. With a Doctorate in aeronautical sciences, he helped pioneer instrument flying, and the development of high-octane aviation fuel. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, he masterminded and led the historic raid on Tokyo, for which he was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. Promoted to General, he commanded the air war over Italy and North Africa, later taking command of the entire US Eighth Air Force in Europe. In a lifetime packed with adventure, 'Jimmy' Doolittle was truly one of the 20* Century's great heroes.
Brigadier General EVERETT W. HOLSTROM
Having already sunk the first Japanese submarine on 24 December 1941, Everett Holstrom was the Captain and pilot of Plane #4, Encountering stiff resistance from Japanese fighters, the guns and turrets of his aircraft were put out of action. Flying on to China, he and his crew bailed out, landing by parachute at night hi a driving rain storm. After three days he was picked up by Chinese partisans who helped him escape to free China.
Colonel HOWARD A. SESSLER
Howard Sessler was Navigator and Bombardier on Plane #15 captained by pilot Don Smith. They attacked and bombed targets in Kobe, and ditched in die sea just off the coast of China. Chinese guerillas helped them through the Japanese lines to Chungking, and then home through India and across the South Atlantic.
Captain J. ROYDEN STORK
Co-pilot of Plane #10 that attacked the Japan Special Steel Company and an enemy airfied, Royden Stork was also the Photographic Officer on the raid with cameras installed in each bomb bay. Bailing out over China he knocked himself out on landing. Regaining consciousness he waited for dawn, and was befriended by a local magistrate who helped him escape. Later he flew with the 10th Air Force in India, flying missions over Japanese territory until it was discovered that the Japanese had put a $5,000 reward on all who had participated in the Tokyo Raid.
Major GRIFFITH P. WILLIAMS
Co-pilot of Plane #15 assigned to attack waterfront targets in the city of Kobe. After thee attack they crash-landed in the sea off the coast of China, coming ashore, with the aid of life-vests, on a small Chinese island where they made contact with Chinese resistance fighters who guided them out of Japanese held territory. Eventually he was picked up by a US army transport plane for return to the US.
15 Doolittle Tribute Proofs US$ 2895
Approximate image size of each drawing: 11 5/8 " wide x 7"high
by Robert Taylor
Specially commissioned by the Military Gallery, this stunning and historically accurate pencil drawing
by Robert Taylor, has been released as a signed companion print. With all the signatures of the Limited
Edition, these Commemorative Proofs are also signed by an additional eight veterans, making a total of
THIRTEEN signatures in this remarkable edition.
2nd Lieutenant WILLIAM L. BIRCH (Main print) William Birch was the Bombadier on William Farrows B-25 - Plane #11. Their task was to bomb the fuel tank factory at Nagoya before flying on to China. After bailing out he was one of the eight Raiders captured by the Japanese.
Colonel WlLLIAM M. BOWER (Companion print) Captain and pilot of the Plane #12 that attacked and bombed the Yokosuka auto-factory in Yokohama. Flying on to China, he and his crew bailed out and found Loyalist Chinese forces to escort them to safety. He was later Group Commanding Officer of the 428th BS, 310th Bomb Group, and the 57th Bomb Wing.
Lieutenant Colonel ROBERT L. KITE (Companion print) Co-pilot onPlane #16 that attacked the Nagoya fuel tank factory before flying on to China. He bailed but ran into Japanese soldiers and was captured. Eight Doohttle Raiders were captured, taken to Tokyo, where six months later three were executed. Two years later one died from starvation. Robert returned to the US at the end of war.
Lieutenant Colonel FRANK. A. KAPPELER (Main print) Joining the US Navy in 1936, Frank Kappeler transferred over to the Air Corps as a navigator in 1941. On the Tokyo raid he was Navigator on Plane #11. He remained in China until August 1942, after which he was reassigned to Europe for the remainder of the war.
TUNG-SHENG LIU (Main print)
Aged 24, Tung-Sheng Liu was a local Chinese citizen who helped one of the Doolittle crews evade capture by the Japanese. He acted as interpreter between the raiders and sympathetic Chinese, and after 10 days of travel, he and his friends were able to deliver the crew safely to Chungking. After the war in 1946, Liu was invited by the Raiders to become an official 'Honorary' Doolittle Raider.
Lieutenant Colonel CHASE J. NIELSON (Companion print) Chase Nielsen was the Navigator on Plane #6 that bombed a steel mill north of Tokyo, but bailing out over China after the raid he was captured by the Japanese forces and spent the next 3 1/2 years as a prisoner of war.
Captain CHARLES J. OZUK Jr (Companion print) Charles Ozuk was the Navigator on Plane #3, piloted by Robert Gray, which flew through heavy AA fire to bomb industrial areas of Tokyo and straffe a military barracks before flying on to China. After bailing out they were assisted by local Chinese to reach safety. Charles remained in the Chinese theatre to fly bombing missions.
Master Sergeant EDWARD J. SAYLOR (Companion print) Engineer on Plane #15, that attacked waterfront targets in Kobe. They crash-landed in the sea just off the coast of the Chinese mainland, swimming ashore. Helped by fishermen and Resistance fighters, they evaded capture to reach the safety of the Chinese lines.
issued with signed companion print 'The Day Now Dawns'
300 signed & numbered prints with THIRTEEN signatures
Companion print overall size: 16 1/2 " wide x 14 3/4 "high
IMPORTANT! Before you purchase, please visit our home page ('MilitaryArt Home' in the left column), for vital information, regarding methods of payment.
Here, you will find a growing number of mainly, limited edition prints, for your collections. These will have been painted, or drawn, by some of the finest military artists in the world today.
If you are searching for a particular print, or subject, then please ask me and I shall do my best to track it/them down for you. Just send me a request signal. CLICK HERE.
Don't forget to bookmark this page, chaps.
Ray Cunningham
Military Art Prints - Military Prints


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USER EDITORGislef
User Score: 2010
|S 5 : Ep 15
|The Long Goodbye Job
|Aired 12/25/12
|S 5 : Ep 14
|The Toy Job
|Aired 12/18/12
|S 5 : Ep 13
|The Corkscrew Job
|Aired 12/11/12
|S 5 : Ep 12
|The White Rabbit Job
|Aired 12/4/12
|S 5 : Ep 11
|The Low Low Price Job
|Aired 11/27/12
"Get ready to get even." Meet Nathan Ford, a former insurance investigator who spent his professional career dedicated to the company that he recovered millions in stolen goods for. This same insurance company would refuse a medical claim for his son that would take the life of the innocent child. Unemployed and teetering on the edge, Nate is approached about a Robin Hood-like scheme. He enlists the help of the best thieves and grifters in the business, and with their help, he steals from the rich and gives to the poor to help balance the crooks in high power positions. He and his team help provide...leverage. Leverage is produced by Electric Entertainment.
Timothy Hutton
Nathan "Nate" Ford
Gina Bellman
Sophie Devereaux
Christian Kane
Eliot Spencer
Beth Riesgraf
Aldis Hodge
Alec Hardison
No results found.
No results found.
No results found.
Plus: American Idol is singing a sad song, Sons of Anarchy is bringing back a player, and a Leverage babe finds new work.
TNT has canceled the series less than a week before the Season 5 finale, which is scheduled to air on Christmas Day.
S 5 : Ep 15
Aired 12/25/12
S 5 : Ep 14
Aired 12/18/12
S 5 : Ep 13
Aired 12/11/12
S 5 : Ep 12
Aired 12/4/12
6/7/11 (00:49)
User Score: 2010
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gritty crime scenarios, good vs. evil, evil company, corruption, Crime


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Release date:
July 14, 2006
Studio: First Independent Pictures
Director: Nick Guthe
MPAA Rating: R (for strong sexual content, language, drug use and a scene of violence)
Screenwriter: Nick Guthe
Starring: Alec Baldwin, Nikki Reed, Luke Wilson, Carrie-Anne Moss, Rick Fox, Svetlana Metkina, Jeff Goldblum
Duration: N/A
Copyright Holder: N/A
Copyright: N/A
Official website: MinisFirstTimethemovie.com| MySpace.com/MinisFirstTime
Plot Summary:
"Mini's First Time," starring Nikki Reed, proves that having it all comes at a steep price. Mini has a deep loathing for her embittered gold digging mother, Diane (Carrie-Anne Moss). But, Mini has an idea: she is going to follow in the footsteps of her dear mother and get what she wants, when she wants it. The first and most important step is becoming the apple of her very rich stepfather's (Alec Baldwin) eye. With a little coaxing, she persuades him that life would be a lot more fun without mom around.


text:
Kanye West to Produce Justin Bieber's Next Album?
Categories: Kanye West
Kanye West is absolutely everywhere at the start of 2011. He both attracts and repels us like a car crash (the car being a Bentley full of models, of course), and he acknowledges that fact. Does he genuinely enjoy Bieber's music, or does he just want to get his beats and name on another bankable pop star's records? Who knows? We will follow this story as it unfolds . . . or maybe not. But probably yes.
Sponsor Content


text:
This content has been marked as final. Show 3 replies
1. Re: read objects from ObjectInputStreamEJP Jul 15, 2011 5:11 AM (in response to 809490)That's because you're throwing every second one away when reading.
See? You threw away 'obj' and read a second object. So you are missing out on all the odd-numbered objects.
while((obj = oinstream.readObject()) != null) { Employee emp = null; if(obj instanceof Employee) { emp = (Employee) oinstream.readObject(); } }
All you needed here was emp = (Employee)obj;
But there is another problem lurking. readObject() only returns null if you wrote a null. If that loop is intended to work until EOF, it won't. readObject() throws EOFException when it reaches the end of the object stream ... rather than returning null. So you need to treat EOFException as expected, not unexpected, and get rid of the null test completely.
2. Re: read objects from ObjectInputStream809490 Jul 15, 2011 5:14 AM (in response to EJP)Ah ok thanks for the help.
Now i have all Employee objects. The problem with the EOFException i wanted to avoid by setting a header field in the response which has the number of employees written to the objectoutputstream.
But when I read the response header fields on the client side there is no response header called 'empnum'.
ObjectOutputStream outstream = new ObjectOutputStream(response.getOutputStream()); int counter = 0; while(rslt.next()) { counter++; Employee emp = new Employee(rslt.getString(2), rslt.getInt(1), rslt.getInt(5), rslt.getInt(4), rslt.getString(6), new Date(), rslt.getString(7), rslt.getString(8), new Date(), rslt.getString(9), rslt.getString(10), rslt.getString(11), "", rslt.getInt(12)); outstream.writeObject(emp); } response.addIntHeader("empnum", counter);
HttpResponse response = this.httpClient.execute(httpget); Header[] headers = response.getAllHeaders(); for(int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) System.out.println("header: " + headers.getName() + " -> " + headers[i].getValue());
the output is:
header: Server -> Apache-Coyote/1.1 header: Transfer-Encoding -> chunked header: Date -> Fri, 15 Jul 2011 10:07:47 GMT
3. Re: read objects from ObjectInputStreamEJP Jul 15, 2011 5:21 AM (in response to 809490)There's no 'problem with the EOFException'. Just catch it and stop reading. And you can't add a header after you've written the output. You're digging a hole here. Stop digging. Just catch the exception.


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Your location is set for Ashburn, VA, 20147
Tools & Resources
Published: September 2013
Anglers are always looking for that next great spot to bait a hook and catch a big one with their trusty rod and reel. But sometimes, you end up driving around, trying to find that special place your buddy talked about last weekend, wasting precious time that should be spent on your boat. No more!
Our partner, Take Me Fishing, has an easy-to-use, interactive map that shows you where to fish and boat near you, what type of fish you might catch there and other points of interest in the area. Other members and users of the Places to Boat & Fish map can add their own hotspots that they've found along the way, making this map an invaluable tool to keep any angler constantly in-the-know.
Get A Quote
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© 2015 Allstate Insurance Company
All Rights Reserved
Ashburn, VA


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Some food for thought on this cold Friday night—which will no doubt be a cold Saturday morning by the time I am finished writing it: How did the idea for pensions develop?
Sometimes to understand how to deal with a thing, we have to go back into history to figure out why our ancestors created it in the first place, and in doing this we realize that maybe they were onto something, and maybe we ought to pay heed.
The ideas for pensions, unemployment insurance and health insurance all emerged in working Americans' lives at roughly the same time, in the late 1800s, according to Ann Shola Orloff, a political scientist and sociologist at Northwestern University. In her book, "The Politics of Pensions: A comparative analysis of Britain, Canada and the United States," Orloff explains what existed before pensions: The poor house.
Yes, that phrase that our parents threw around actually had its roots in reality and the reason they used it with such dire dread was because "poor houses" became synonymous with degradation and the destruction of families. Every working person—particularly men, who tended to be the breadwinners—lived in constant dread of becoming too sick or too old to work, to do so might mean living in public housing of some sort, which in those days was segregated by gender so that husbands and wives could not live under the same roof, and there they would be constantly without privacy and reduced to whatever skimpy meals might be doled out. Anyone who's seen the musical "Annie" or read Charles Dickens' vivid indictments of Victorian England's poverty, has some idea of what a poor house might be like.
No wonder the parents in every blue collar household used the phrase as anxiously as they did: "You're going to put us in the poor house."
Eventually, the public conscience became bruised by tales of such humiliation and despair that some leaders began to feel that if someone had worked their whole lives and had simply become an undesirable employee by virtue of age, or the infirmities that come with it, then society in fact owed them at least a decent level of existence. Here are a couple of excerpts cited by Orloff to illustrate the pre-pension situation.
The first is from a speech given in 1898 by John Keller, head of the New York City Department of Public Charities, to the National Conference of Charities and Correction (note that charities and correction were blatantly grouped together in those less enlightened times when several famous observers said that it appeared that being poor had itself become a crime).
"The other day, going to the island [the location of the city's poor house], there was a sleety rain falling; and down from the city hospital came two men bearing a stretcher on which was an old woman. The icy rain fell on her face and they put her down on the pier and left her lying there, exposed to the storm while the prisoners in stripes were carrying bags of potatoes under shelter. They would have left her there 'til the whole cargo had been put on the boat if I had not happened to see her and ordered her brought under cover."
Keller's intent was clear—he wanted to show that in the eyes of some an old woman was less important than bags of potatoes. Whatever her usefulness may have been when she was younger, her worth had diminished to far less than that of an edible tuber in her old age.
The next year, Charles Henderson, a charitable organization founder in Terre Haute, Indiana, noted that uncertainty about the future might well be a factor in social unrest. After all, if we can't count on our hard work finally paying off to the extent that it will cover our needs when we or old, or if we should fall ill, then why do it? Henderson saw the toll that worry over the future took on American workers:
"When we consider the anxiety, the terror with which the average, thoughtful wage earner regards the problems of accidents, sickness, and the infirmities of old age, and when we take into account the grave social unrest which springs from the solicitude about the future, we may well give a large place in our social studies to the modern inventions for distributing the burdens of provision for the emergencies of the workman's life."
Those "modern inventions" were pensions, unemployment insurance and health insurance.
Just something to mull over the weekend. SR


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WHITE ROCK, TEXAS (Trinity County). White Rock, also known as Skains and Skains Chapel, is a rural community on State Highway 19 fifteen miles northwest of Groveton in northwestern Trinity County. It was first settled by William (Billy) Skains and his wife Elizabeth, who moved from Georgia around 1845 and built a homestead on Sandy Creek. A combination church and school known as Skains Chapel was built sometime around the Civil War. By the 1880s the name of the school and the community had changed to White Rock. In the early 1990s only a cemetery and a few scattered houses remained in the area. No population estimates were available.
Patricia B. and Joseph W. Hensley, eds., Trinity County Beginnings (Groveton, Texas: Trinity County Book Committee, 1986).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Christopher Long, "WHITE ROCK, TX (TRINITY COUNTY)," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hrwtq), accessed November 25, 2015. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
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Rich Orrick
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