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Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Liver Function Tests
Liver function tests as the name suggests is the assembly of vivid blood plasma tests which aid in identifying any kind of inflammation or impairment done to liver. Testing of Liver enzyme plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of the liver disease and the various enzymes which are subjected to the test consist of enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, ALT, AST, albumin INR, bilirubin and PT.
The liver test is used to identify the levels of enzyme and proteins in the blood. The enzymes which can be detected using the test are bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase and amino alanine transferase .Apart from that it can also be used to inspect the various proteins such as LDL, albumin and globulin in blood.
Why Check Liver Function?
The Liver test is detrimental and a very important for the identification of the various diseases which hamper the liver. But above all your physician can order the liver test during instances such as:
- Person showing abdominal pain, nausea yellowing of skin or vomiting.
- If someone is on a medication for some other disease which has the side effect to liver too.
- Excessive intake of alcohol
- Alternatively if someone has a specific liver disease as well.
There are various liver tests that can be done alone or in combination with each other.
What are the main functions of liver?
The liver which is the largest internal organ acts as a filtering agent and helps in processing and circulating the blood in the whole body. But apart from that it has variety of important functions to carry which is briefly described as under.
- Metabolism/Digestion of the various nutrients
- Formation of Blood clotting proteins.
- Decontamination of the substances injurious to the whole body.
- Production of Bile which aids in the digestion of lipids.
- Production of albumin
- Production of Bilirubin protein
To understand the anatomy of liver it's essential to know about various enzymes present in the liver. The liver cells contain variety of enzymes which act as a catalyst in driving the various chemical reactions taking place in the body and are the agents behind carrying out any biological reaction.
A broken/impaired liver cell leads to the oozing out of enzymes in the blood which in turn can be used as an indicator in the liver test.
The main enzymes which are identified in the blood test are AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (Alanine aminotransferase).
- Aspartate aminotransferase enzyme is found in muscle cells apart from the liver cells.
- Other crucial enzyme like Alanine aminotransferase is found solely in the liver cells and is useful in detecting the liver disease.
What does the test tell?
The elevated or raised levels of both the enzymes ALT and AST is an indicator of the liver damage and helps in identifying the various disease associated with the liver .For instance a raised level of any of the following enzyme surely indicates liver damage and is a thing to look upon with utmost importance.
Liver Enzyme Tests: Alkaline Phosphatase, 5' Nucleotides, and GGT
The element which plays crucial role in this study is the Bile which is a fluid secreted by liver and is stored in the gallbladder and helps in the emulsification, absorption and digestion of Lipids. An obstructed or jammed bile flow will increase the level of some liver enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, 5' nucleotides and Gamma-glut amyl Tran's peptidase (GGT)
A raised or elevated level of any of the above mentioned enzymes is the true indicator of malfunction of the liver or the gallbladder and the tubes connected with them.
Liver Function PT and INR test for checking the blood coagulation or clotting
Liver aids in blood clotting by the production of clotting proteins such as Prothrombin. The test is used to determine the liver's capability in efficient production of these proteins. The test include
Prothrombin time (PT): This test checks the ability of the blood to clot in a specified time. The blood sample is kept for some time to clot and the duration of the clotting is identified .If the time taken to clot is longer which indicates low levels of the clotting proteins. International normalized ratio (INR): Is a common test performed in various labs to check the Prothrombin levels and is useful in comparison of the results obtained thereafter.
- The combination of both the PT and INR helps in identifying the problems related with blood clotting and an increased in the level of these proteins is an indication of malfunction of the liver and its inability to make the normal levels of these proteins.
Liver Function Tests: Albumin
The liver is also responsible for the generation of very important protein known as albumin which flows along with the blood. A rise or fall in albumin levels doesn't necessarily indicate the liver damage alone but is helpful in diagnosing various other anomalies in the body too. The low levels of albumin indicate a prolonged or severe liver disease.
Liver Function Tests: Bilirubin
The waste or unused product Bilirubin is formed during the haemolysis of the RBC and liver acts on the protein and breaks it down and is then transported through the Liver's bile duct out of the body through the faeces. .
What does the raised Bilirubin level indicate?
- Impaired bile flow/Malfunctioning of the Bile ducts
- Chronic liver or gallbladder disease
- Jaundice which cause the yellowing of the skin and the sclera.
- Presence of haemolytic anaemia
Aspartate Transaminase (AST/GOT/SGOT) Test
An (AST) test is also an important test and helps in identifying the various ailments related to liver or helps in identifying the disease related to Liver.
Aspartate Transaminase (AST) belongs to aminotransferase family and it catalyses the (reversible transfer of the amino group from glutamate to oxaloacetate with the replacement of amino group with a carbonyl group which is done in the presence of a cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (P5P)
This cofactor plays an important role in the reaction in the transfer of the carbonyl compound by accepting the amino group.
.AST is not found in urine but present in almost every tissue and fluid in the human body and also in vital organs such as liver, kidneys, and pancreas and skeletal muscles. A dysfunction of any organ may release the AST in the blood. So it cannot be solely considers to test the liver damage. Two forms of AST exist which are cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme. The detection of levels of AST helps in understanding the pathological condition associates with various organs and largely for the malfunction of the liver.
What does the rise of AST indicate?
The rise can be attributed to heart diseases such as myocardial infarction but couldn't be solely taken into consideration for diagnosing the heart attack....
Another enzyme known as ALT (alanine aminotransferase) is found in abundance in the liver. The Alt is measured using indirect enzymatic method. The transamination reaction is not characterized by any useful spectrophotometric change. The technique deployed here is to couple a reaction site product with the other product of a reaction which in turn will reduce or oxidizes NAD+/NADH accordingly.
However, when physician looks at the blood levels of AST its easier for him/her to diagnose any problems surrounding liver functioning or damage and the diseases which may affect liver or other organs.—
Aspartate transaminase is known as (AspAT/ASAT/AAT) or by serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), plays an important role in amino acid metabolism .It is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaminase enzyme which catalyses the reversible transfer of an α-amino group between aspartate and glutamate . AST is found in the liver, heart, red blood cells, skeletal muscle, brain, kidneys and plays an important role in analysing the diseases related with liver and is used frequently as a test in most of the clinics around the world.
The mechanism or the functioning of the Aspartate transaminase can be summarized as under
Aspartate transaminase works by catalysing or converting a separate and α-ketoglutarate to form oxaloacetate and glutamate. The chemical reaction for the same is under.
Aspartate (Asp) + α-ketoglutarate ↔ oxaloacetate + glutamate (Glu)
AST which is a prototypical transaminase works by transferring amino group from aspartate or glutamate to the corresponding ketoacid with the aid of a cofactor known as PLP.The process takes place by the PLP acting as a shuttle and engages between pyridoxine phosphate (PMP) and PLP form. This type of catalysis is essential for both the biosynthesis and amino acid degeneration. By this the amino acid degradation, takes place by oxidative deamination by glutamate to form ammonium ions which at last is excreted out of the body through urine. The oxaloacetate which is formed from aspartate in the reverse reaction plays important role in the citric acid cycle.
The isoenzymes is present in diversity among the various eukaryotes and in humans beings the isoenzymes which is present in abundance are as follows
- GOT1/cAST which is also known as the cytosolic isoenzymes originates mainly from the cells of heart and the blood.
- GOT2/cAST is known as the mitochondrial isoenzymes and is found in surplus in the cells of the liver.
These isoenzymes have descended from the same ancestral AST and have common homology sequence and are evolved as a result of gene duplication. AST can be traced or is found in abundance in a variety of microorganisms present around us such as H. Mediterranean, E.coli etc. In E. coli AST enzyme is present in an encoded form and also shows the activities similar to the amino acid known as transaminase.
To understand the functioning of the enzyme it's important to have an overall review of the Structure of the enzyme known as the aspartate transaminase.
Till date many experiments have been done such as X-ray crystallography studies which has been detrimental to identify the structure of aspartate transaminase and has been done on various sources, including mitochondria of a chicken ,cytosol of the heart of a pig or the E.coli . But the result depicted in all the test shows the similar three-dimensional polypeptide structure for all species. AST has a molecular weight of around 45 KD and has a diametric structure. It consists of two identical subunits with chains of around 400 amino acid molecules.
Each subunit is again divided into three parts containing large domain 48-325, small domain of residues 15-47 and 326-410, as well as a third domain consisting of the N-terminal residues 3-14;To stabilize the dimer these residues form a strand, which links and stabilizes the various units of the dimer.
The two active sites are located near the border amid the two domains. Inside each active site, a pair of arginine residues is present which is responsible for the enzyme's specificity for dicarboxylic acid substrates.
Arg386 interrelates with the substrates proximal (α-) carboxylate group, while Arg292 multiplexes with the distal (side-chain) carboxylate.
The other structure of AST have α and β elements. Each domain consist of central sheet of β-strands with α-helices attached on either side of the strands
The working of Aspartate transaminase is through dual substrate recognition in which the transaminase binds the amino acids with the side chains .The amino acid which participates in this are Asp and Glu. The whole mechanism takes place through half reactions and is known as the ping pong mechanism. The first half-reaction results in the generation of oxaloacetate) from the reaction between L-Asp) and enzyme-PLP complex, In the second half-reaction, (α-ketoglutarate reacts with enzyme-PMP to produce amino acid 2 (L-Glu),
The mechanism results in the formation of many bye products which include aldimine, Quinonoid, Ketamine .The ketamine in turn again undergoes the hydrolysis process to form the PMP and Oxaloacetate which plays.
The reaction proceeds by formation of aldimine internally by the linkage between the amino groups with Schiff base.
The Transaldimination reaction happens through nucleophilic attack by the amino group as this point, the carboxylate groups of Asp is steadied by the guanidinium groups of the enzyme's Arg386 and Arg 292 residues.
The Quinonoid is generated by the attachment of the hydrogen element with that of the a-carbon of Asp
The ketamine formation is a simple process which takes place through the reprotanation at the aldehyde linked carbon site. As soon the ketamine is formed it enters the final stage where it will be hydrolysed and form the last final product of this cycle which is PMP and Oxaloacetate.
This mechanism is seen to have many side by side rate determining steps but it has been observed that the Transaldimination is the main step which drives the reaction forward and is considered as the main step which aides in driving the reaction ahead alone. Reaction forward.
What is the Clinical significance of AST?
In 1954 AST was used as the main biochemical for early recognition of the heart disease known as the myocardial infarction .But with the recent advancements in the science and techniques its role in determining the infarction is dismissed and has been taken
Over by the various troponins which are best suited to identify the infarction.
The AST is same as ALT as both are related or present in the liver cells more specifically the parenchymal cells of the liver. The main difference lies in the place of origin where ALT is solely found in the Liver cells and less amounts in the other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart and skeletal muscles but in contrast AST can be tracked in measurable quantities in liver as well as in other organs in the body.
The ALT can be used as the best tool to measure any kind of inflammation present in the liver than the AST as the elevated level of AST can also be related to various other clinical anomalies other than liver dysfunction such as myocardial infarction, haemolytic anaemia, musculoskeletal diseases, renal disease and acute pancreatitis and chronic alcoholism.
What is the reference range for the AST test? The reference range used in this test includes
- Female its around 6 - 34 IU/L
- Male its around 8 - 40 IU/L
Aspartate aminotransferase is one of the essential liver enzymes of the two essential enzymes. The enzyme is also known as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase which is a protein and is first generated by the liver and when the liver cells are destroyed the enzyme oozes out of the liver and is thrown in the blood vessel and in such condition the AST level shows a sudden increase than the normal levels, which is expected to be present in the blood. The AST elevation in the blood cannot be attributed to the liver alone it can be produced in abnormal concentration by the other organs of the body as well such as the kidneys, muscles, heart and brain. So that means any damage to these organs may also constitute a rise in the level of blood AST.
What can be interpreted by the results?
There are various conditions which can be attributed to the levels of AST and can further be divided into three subheads which are as under.
The first condition depicts a very high level of the aspartate aminotransferase which is 10 times more than the normal values depicts the following ailments.
- Liver damage
- Acute hepatitis
- Tumour necrosis
- Toxins/drugs overdose
- Extreme form of viral hepatitis
The second condition is a moderately high aspartate aminotransferase level which can lead to the following diseases.
- Pulmonary embolism
- Heatstroke (the extent depending on the tissue damaged)
- Chronic liver disease
- Cholestasis
- Alcohol abuse
- Muscle injury (muscular dystrophy, dermatomyositis, trauma)
- Over intake of vitamin A
- Haemolysis
- Kidney damage
- Heart damage such as heart attack or heart failure in extreme cases.
The third condition to be studied is the slightly high levels of the Conditions associated aspartate aminotransferase and which can lead to the following diseases.
- Alcohol abuse
- Mononucleosis
- Cirrhosis
- Fatty change in the liver
- Use of Drugs such as aspirin, statins, barbiturates, herbs and HIV medication,)
Collection and Panels used in the Test are:
The specimen used is the Blood Serum and is collected in the Red Top tube.
AST the enzyme which is found in the liver and heart in good concentration and can be found in various other tissues as well like the brain, muscle, red blood cells, pancreas, kidneys and brain etc. Any damage to theses organs or the haemolysis may lead to the release of the enzyme which results resulting in increased AST levels in the serum. Serum levels generally parallel the extent of damage.
Another enzyme known as the alanine aminotransferase or ALT is mainly found in abundance in the cells of the liver. AST and ALT together is used to determine the liver damage and is measured together as part of a liver function panel to detect liver damage. Liver diseases in which AST is higher than ALT include alcohol-induced liver damage, cirrhosis, and liver tumours. AST formerly was called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Aspartate transaminase catalyses the conversion of aspartate and α-ketoglutarate to glutamate and vice versa. The reaction can be summarized as under.
Aspartate (Asp) + α-ketoglutarate ⇌ oxaloacetate + glutamate (Glu)
An aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test measures the level of the enzyme AST in the blood. AST is found in red blood cells, liver, heart, muscle tissue, pancreas, and kidneys. AST was previously also known as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT).
Normally Low levels of AST are present in the blood. When body tissue or organ such as the heart or liver is damaged .AST become visible in the blood cell. The presence of AST in the blood depicts the extent to which the tissue is damaged. The rise in AST level takes place for 6 to 10 hrs. and lasts for another 4 days.
The AST test can be done at the same time as the ALT test as both the ratio of AST to ALT helps in determining the level of damage done to the liver or any other organ.
What does the test indicates?
The AST test is done for the diagnosis of the liver disease and the various common symptoms which are seen during the liver damage are
- nausea,
- vomiting
- Dark urine
- Pale colored stools
- Jaundice
- Fatigue,
- Loss of appetite
- Abdominal pain
- Itching,
- Ascites
- Mental changes,
- History of alcohol abuse
- Suspected acetaminophen overdose
- family history of liver disease
- Exposure to hepatitis viruses).
, , , , , ,
The AST test is also used to monitor the liver function during
the use of drugs which are injurious to liver check hemochromatosis treatment or to check the status of chronic liver disease, , alcohol-induced liver disease ,hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, hepatic failure, Wilson's disease and many other medical ailments.
- The determination of alcohol-induced liver disease can be done through the AST test. If
The AST:ALT ratio also known as the (De Ritis ratio) ratio is greater than 2 it depicts the alcohol induced disease of the liver..
- In a person suffering from acute hepatitis AST levels are usually seen to stay higher for around 1–2 months and can also take as long as 3–6 months to return to normal.
- In chronic hepatitisthe AST levels don't appreciate much it seen to remain, often less than 4 times the highest normal level.
- Such increases can be seen if there is a blockage in the bile ducts or when there exist certain cancers of the liver cell.
- AST level shows a rise during the injury or attack in the myocardial cells which lead to the heart attack
AST and ALT results directly depends on the vitamin B6in the body also. For accurate AST and ALT results the amount or the level of Vitamin B6 plays a crucial role if there is a reduction in the Vitamin B6 level it can lead to artificially low AST and ALT levels.
- During pregnancy the AST levels decrease
- Muscle injections and strenuous exercise can lead to muscle damage which in turn increases the AST levels.
- Haemolysed specimens should not be considered.
- AST remains stable at a temperature of around 4 º C for a span of 48 hours.
Why the Test Is Performed
An aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test is performed in the following situations
- To rectify the liver disease such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. Liver disease may produce symptoms such as pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes jaundice.
- To check if there is any damage done to the liver.
- To check the success of treatment if visible for any liver disease.
- To find if the cause of jaundice was blood disorder or liver disease.
- To keep a record of the effects of cholesterol-lowering medicines and other medicines this can hamper or damage the liver.
- If a child is experiencing jaundice (yellowish skin or eyes), dark urine, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal swelling.
- . It may also be ordered to help diagnose infections of the liver such as viral hepatitis, or to monitor patients taking medications that can cause liver-related side effects.
The AST test is frequently accomplished as a portion of a full hepatic function panel which includes other liver enzyme tests also The physician can refer the AST levels along with those of other liver enzymes — such as ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for framing a clear picture regarding the liver damage or disease associated with it.
No prior preparation is needed for performing the AST test. The physician should be well informed regarding the medications a person is taking because it is seen that certain medications can alter the results of the test.
The Procedure
AST Test is performed by analysing the blood sample which is taken by obtaining an intravenous access to the site which is an elbow bend.
The organs which contain AST are liver, heart skeletal muscle, pancreas, kidney, lung, spleen, red blood cells, and brain tissue. When there is a disease or injury which affects the tissues of these cells, the cells of these organs experience a rupture and AST comes out of it into the bloodstream. The amount or rise of AST in the blood largely depends on the duration or period of time when the blood is tested after injury and the level of AST is directly proportional to the number of cells affected by the disease or injury. The elevation or rise in the Plasma AST levels is seen eight hours after cell injury and highest at 24-36 hours, and reappear to normal in three to seven days. If the cellular injury is severe and long lasting AST levels will be at its highest peak.
For many years the AST determination has been fruitful in the diagnosis of heart attacker MI. AST can also help in determining the timing and extent of a recent MI, If there is no further cardiac injury the rise in AST level takes within 6-10 hours after an attack and it peaks at 12-48 hours, and returns to normal in three to four days. The injury to the myocardial cells known as angina (chest pain) or pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium, the membrane around the heart) will not show the raised AST levels
AST proves to be a valuable and important kit for the diagnosis of the various liver diseases and can be used in accordance with other enzymes to screen the course of various liver disorders.
The severe and silent hepatitis (hepatitis C) is also caused due to the rise in the level of AST.
A moderate rise in the level of the AST can be attributed to alcoholic hepatitis, which takes place due to excessive alcohol intake.
In acute viral hepatitis AST levels are moderately elevated and the rise in AST levels is seen around 20 times more than usual.
Acute extra hepatic which takes place outside the liver like gallstone is seen to have elevated AST levels by 10 times than the normal AST level and fall thereafter again.
During cirrhosis there is inflammation of the liver and the rise in AST level is directly related to the amount inflammation.
The AST Determination proves to be effective for the early recognition of the condition hepatitis which can originate from exposure to toxic drugs like acetaminophen and cholesterol lowering medications which are injurious to the liver.
The diagnosis of AST is also helpful if you are suffering from any of the following disease such as acute pancreatitis, severe burn, trauma, muscle disease, and infectious mononucleosis etc.
The blood test (AST) is generally done to diagnose any injury or damage caused to the liver and is done along with the other liver enzyme which solely persists in liver i.e. the ALT or the alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
AST and ALT tests are the best test in the category of test to diagnose the liver dysfunctions as these test aids in identifying the ailments of liver malfunction or any damage done to it. ALT is more specific than AST test
In some cases a comparison of AST is done with the ALT and an AST/ALT ratio is calculated. This ratio can help in identifying the causes of the liver damage.
The AST levels frequently compared to the other test done for the detection of liver damage which are alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, bilirubin which aids in determining the extent of liver damage done by the various disease.
AST is often used to monitor or treat suffering from various liver diseases and is done alone or in combination with other test to identify the liver damage.
Most of the times AST is used to keep the track of the people taking medications that are highly toxic to the lever. The person should be switched to another medication if AST level goes high.
While taking blood sample from vein there is very little chance for problem.
There is very less risk in this test but it may include the blood accumulating under the puncture site or slight bleeding from the blood drawing site.
On site you may get a small bruise, to lower the chance of bruising keep the pressure on the site for several minutes.
It rarely happens that you get swelling on vein after taking the blood sample. This problem is called phlebitis. To treat this warm compress can be used several times in a day.
On-going bleeding can cause a bleeding disorder. You should inform doctor if you have clotting or bleeding problem, or if you consume a blood thinning medicine before he takes a blood sample.
AST measures the amount of this enzyme in the blood. Within 12 hours the result will be available usually.
Other things to know:
- As compare to ALT level AST level is not helpful for checking the liver.
- Most of the hepatitis C patient has normal AST level.
- Patients with severe liver disease can still have normal AST level.
The normal value listed below can differ lab to lab. It depends on the range the labs uses. Also the doctors evaluate the result on the health or other factors. This means the value other than below mentioned normal value can also be a normal level for you according to different lab
14-20 units per liter (U/L) or 0.23-0.33 microkats per liter (mckat/L)
10-36 U/L or 0.17-0.60 mckat/L
High values
High levels of AST may be caused by liver damage from conditions such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, decay of a large tumour, a heart attack or heart failure, many medicines, such as statins, antibiotics, chemotherapy, aspirin, narcotics, and barbiturates, taking high doses of Vitamin A, kidney or lung damage, mononucleosis or some types of cancer.
What are the causes of Elevated or High SGPT & SGOT?
Liver function tests like SGPT, SGOT, serum alkaline phosphatase, Australia antigen, globulin and albumin indicates the liver malfunction and the various ailments attached with it.
The main reason for the undertaking the tests are as follows. =
- The test also helps to estimate the liver damage and used as a guide for treating and knowing the prognosis of the liver disease.
- To assist in differentiating whether the jaundice can be treated in a medical conservative way, for example in case of viral hepatitis, or it requires surgical treatment, as in case of obstructive jaundice due to gall bladder stones.
- For confirming the suspected liver disease.
Irrespective of the cause, Liver functions are not impaired to the same degree in any one case of liver disease.
SGPT and SGOT are the most important enzymes of the liver parenchymal cells. They are in large numbers in the liver. These enzymes are released in the blood when the liver cells get damaged.
You will have to get further investigation done such as test for hepatitis C, B, and E. Also get a solography of the abdomen done.
Causes of Increased SGOT Levels
Causes are almost same as in SGPT rise, but in acute myocardial infarction, only SGOT gets increased.
For early detection of infective hepatitis, these enzymes are very important markers.


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Joseph Walsh
|Joseph Walsh
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I began my teaching experience as a teaching assistant in Anthropology and Sociology at Iowa State University. Before coming to Bucks I taught Anthropology and Sociology at Villanova University from 1968-71. In 1971 I started teaching at Bucks. Since my initial appointment at the college I have been involved in the college committee structure since its inception and served as chair and member of the Committee on Curricular Revision and Review, as a member of the Committee on Academic Performance, and served as chair and member of the Advisory Council to the President. In addition I have served as the Social and Behavioral Sciences representative to the Faculty Union Steering Committee for numerous years. I am presently the Co-Advisor for the College Ski Club and have been so for over 25 years.

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The spring Biological Sciences Plant Sale will be held on The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg campus March 27 from 8 a.m. – 2 p.m. in front of the Biological Sciences Teaching Garden on the east side of Walker Science Building, across from the Thad Cochran Center and the R.C. Cook University Union.
Proceeds will benefit the Biological Sciences Teaching Gardens, the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute Garden, the USM Blueberrification Project, and support the creation of new butterfly gardens at several local schools. Last year, 50 blueberry bushes were planted on the Southern Miss Hattiesburg campus and pollinator grants and plants were given to six area elementary schools with funds generated from fall and spring plant sales.
The spring sale will include the following items:
• Natives, featuring an assortment of berry-producing natives for attracting birds; a male pollinator for winterberries ('Apollo'); species for attracting bees and butterflies, such as Clethra alnifolia and Cliftonia monophylla; Gordonia lasianthus; Lyonia lucida; dwarf Agarista; and mountain laurels.
• Tropicals, including elephant ears ('Wentii' and 'Maui Magic'); Midnight Ginger; and a solid green Aucuba.
• Fruit trees, including fig, apple, pear, and plum tree, as well as blueberries and the classic Pineapple Guava, which is also known as the guavasteen, it makes edible guava-like fruits.
• Asian selections, including holoarctic flora, Laurasian relicts, Pleistocene glaciation and several types of Asian Magnolias, cryptomeria, and chamaecyparis.
• Classic selections such as the white Lady Banks' Rose (white), sweet olive, banana shrub, bridal wreath, forsythias, gardenia, dwarf abelia, Knockout Roses and cleyeras.
• A variety of azaleas.
• Southern Live Oaks popular on the Southern Miss campus.
Visit http://www.usm.edu/biology/news.htm to view an availability and price list. For more information or to reserve items on the list, e-mail Dr. Mike Davis at
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ALPHARETTA, Ga. — A Forsyth County author is helping others heal after being abused by sharing her personal story.
"I want so very much to help others heal after being abused," said Tammy Kennedy, who signed copies of her book "Jingle Lost Her Jingle," at Books For Less in Alpharetta Aug. 25.
"I went from being in and out of mental hospitals as the patient to becoming a therapist in mental hospitals," she said. "I want to give others hope."
Kennedy, who has worked for the Forsyth County Department of Family and Children's Services and later taught special education at Sawnee Elementary School, said if children can heal early from the effects of abuse, it can help them stay free from drug abuse, unwanted pregnancies or suicide.
Kennedy is currently working on a male version to her book called "Lil J Lost His Jam," to help male survivors of abuse.
To order "Jingle Lost Her Jingle," call Advantage Books at 1-888-383-3110 or visit www.advbookstore.com or go to Amazon.com.


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Whitney Wright vows to never let herself be as powerless as she felt nearly two years ago when a convicted felon came into her business and locked himself in a back office with her.
Wright was so unnerved that she was unable to form the words to tell the man, armed with a knife, fresh out of prison and smelling of alcohol, to leave the Decatur real estate and property management business she owns with her husband.
The man confided he was homeless and on drugs, and demanded money. He took off when Wright received a phone call, and was later caught and charged with misdemeanor trespassing.
The confrontation ended without violence or injury, but it made a permanent impact on the 38-year-old mother.
"After that, immediately I got a gun," Wright said. "And now, if it came down to me, my husband or child and somebody trying to hurt us, I wouldn't think twice about what I needed to do."
She keeps a .38-caliber pistol nearby at her office. The small pistol offers Wright a sense of security and confidence that she said the attacker took from her.
An increasing number of women are becoming more receptive to owning and using firearms for protection and sport. Young mothers, college co-eds and even grandmothers are taking up arms. Recent polls and statistics suggest 15 to 20 million American women own guns.
"I have men come to me all the time for advice on what kind of gun their wife, girlfriend, mother or sister should get," said Morgan County Sheriff Ana Franklin, the first female to hold the county's highest law enforcement position. "They want them to be safe. Women are more independent now. They're heads of households, trying to protect their kids.
"They don't have a man at their side everywhere they go. I think that's why you're seeing a surge of ladies using guns."
For four decades, gun ownership was falling -- from more than half of American households in 1973 to just more than 30 percent in 2010. But in 2011, the number spiked to its highest level (47 percent) since 1994, according to statistics compiled by the non-partisan General Social Survey.
A large segment of these new gun owners were female -- 43 percent -- up from 36 percent in one year, according to Gallup data.
The topic of firearms leapt into a renewed national conversation after the Sandy Hook Elementary shooting that left 20 children and six educators dead last month in Newtown, Conn. The gunman, Adam Lanza, who also killed himself and his mother, used a high-powered rifle owned by Nancy Lanza, who reportedly was a gun enthusiast.
As gun owners fear a new federal crackdown on firearms, many are stocking up, and gun dealers are selling out across the country. The U.S. could have more than 250 million guns in private circulation, according to the University of Chicago crime lab.
In Alabama, 135 of the 199 reported murders, or 68 percent, in 2010 were committed with firearms. Fifty-four percent of robberies and 27 percent of aggravated assaults involved them, according to FBI crime statistics.
Pistol permits have surged in recent weeks, Franklin said. Alabama requires handgun owners to obtain the annual permits to carry a concealed firearm.
"I don't know if it's because of the Newtown tragedy or what exactly, but we've gone from processing 20 to 30 permits a day to more than 100," Franklin said. "And yes, we're seeing a lot of women coming in to renew theirs or get their first one."
Franklin could not provide numbers of how many women have obtained permits. In recent years, gun manufacturers have tailored firearms to women, with numerous feminine designs and colors available at national retailers.
But a common mistake women and men make is buying a gun based on looks rather than how well they can handle it, said Franklin and retired Decatur policeman Frank DeButy, who offers classes on proper gun use. DeButy served 32 years on the force and was the department's firearms instructor.
"It's not unusual for ladies to gravitate toward smaller handguns, and I can understand why," DeButy said. "They think, 'Well, it fits in my purse. It will fit my hand and be easier to carry.' But what you trade in on size, you often get back in recoil."
Franklin recommends women interested in buying a firearm practice with gun models borrowed from friends or relatives.
"Go shoot, and see what you're comfortable with," she said. "Every hand is different. Every gun is different. You need to be comfortable shooting it if you're serious about using it for protection."
Another mistake is how a gun is stored, DeButy said.
"Women aren't alone in doing this, but it seems many of them simply unload their firearm, take it apart and hide it in the back of their closets, behind purses and clothes," he said. "That's not going to help you if you wake up in the middle of the night and someone is breaking into your house."
DeButy and Franklin emphasize the need for firearms to become a part of an owner's daily routine, like brushing your teeth and having coffee in the morning.
However, gun control advocates point to the 851 people who died from accidental shootings and the nearly 20,000 suicides committed with firearms in 2011.
In 2010, 129 children between the ages of 1 and 19 died in gun accidents. Another 749 committed suicide with a gun, most of which were owned by a parent, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.
DeButy and Franklin contend it's those who are unfamiliar with proper gun safetywho make up most of accidental shootings. Franklin recommends gun owners with children living in the home to investigate trigger locks and gun safes.
DeButy said the biggest problem with American gun policy is that there are lots of laws to regulate firearms but too many loopholes in them and not enough resources to enforce them.
"You have to have respect for it," DeButy said. "You have to be mentally prepared for the idea of shooting another human being. Many people think they can until they're in that situation. But that's a decision that has to be made long before you pick up a gun."
(c)2013 The Decatur Daily (Decatur, Ala.)
Visit The Decatur Daily (Decatur, Ala.) at www.decaturdaily.com
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SACD & Other Hi-Res Reviews
MENDELSSOHN: Lobgesang Symphony-Cantata Op. 52 – Christiane Karg & Maria Bernius, sopranos/ Werner Gura, tenor/ Stuttgart Chamber Choir/ German Chamber Philharmonic, Bremen/ Frieder Bernius – Carus
Published on May 8, 2009
MENDELSSOHN: Lobgesang Symphony-Cantata Op. 52 – Christiane Karg & Maria Bernius, sopranos/ Werner Gura, tenor/ Stuttgart Chamber Choir/ German Chamber Philharmonic, Bremen/ Frieder Bernius – Carus multichannel SACD 83.213, 61:51 [Distr. by Albany] ****:
Mendelssohn's most substantial symphonic work was one of his most popular works back in the 19th century, but is almost totally ignored today. The composer originally envisioned it as a small oratorio or large psalm composition, but a friend suggested it was actually a symphony-cantata. The addition of the soloists and chorus naturally had critics of the time comparing it to Beethoven's Ninth, but usually negatively. Where Beethoven used opposed choral and instrumental forces, Mendelssohn had both forces working together in praise of God, a less dramatic layout. The lyrics for the fourth thru twelfth vocal sections generally sing the praise of the Lord, though the eighth movement oddly presents a tenor solo decrying the terrors of hell and associated dark doings. (Complete English translations are in the booklet – thank you for that, Carus.)
The three movement Sinfonia which opens the work instrumentally is in a rich romantic style, often using a dotted rhythmic feature. Some allusions to the vocal music that is to come are dropped here and there in the instrumental section. The second movement is a light chorale melody which will later be heard again, and the third movement is devotional in nature as it leads up to the first soprano soloist and chorus section.
Though this is but a chamber orchestra, the array of vocal and instrumental forces gives the impression of a quite massive work. Carus' fine hi-res surround separates the vocal forces from the orchestra and highlights small details thruout the work. The symphony benefits greatly from SACD recording, just as do the Mahler symphonies with vocal additions.
– John Sunier
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Committee favours Malunga for deputyComment on this story
Cape Town - Marikana Commission of Inquiry spokesman Kevin Malunga is the favourite to become the next deputy public protector following interviews at Parliament on Monday.
Malunga was one of four candidates interviewed by the oversight committee on justice and constitutional development. A fifth candidate was unable to attend the interviews.
Malunga was supported for the position by all political parties represented on the committee.
He holds an LLB from the University of KwaZulu-Natal and an LLM from the Georgetown University Law Centre in Washington, and has lectured in law at the universities of KwaZulu-Natal and Witwatersrand. He also worked as an advocate for seven years while lecturing.
The position of deputy public protector will become vacant at the end of this month when incumbent Mamiki Shai's contract ends.
Malunga said he was "not an active member of a political party".
DA MP Dene Smuts said although her party was satisfied with Malunga, it wanted time to contact his referees.
Committee chairman Luwellyn Landers agreed to give MPs an opportunity to consult their parties on the committee's choice of Malunga before a recommendation is submitted to the National Assembly.
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Male Quilter: Matt Sparrow
When inspired by Mr. Pinkowski to recognize the male quilter, it was really challenging to come up with other male quilters who have made a difference in the industry and people's lives ( I think they're all hiding). I mean there are the celebritites, but there are also the quilters who are just down the street who are more than deserving to pay tribute to, not only because of their talent in quilting , but their gift of quilting. By this I am referring to the contributions of Matt Sparrow who along with his wonderful wife, Bradie, have contributed their time & skills to charity along side raising 8 children! We actually found Matt on Facebook & have gotten to learn a little about him and want to share him with all of you.
Matt sends his presence all the way from Alberta, Canada & strongly believes that with their lifestyle they need to work from home to be fulltime parents and to stay one step ahead of the kiddos! Although, I'm not sure you can call it work, especially when quilting is a passion and their children are their life. Sounds like more fun than anything! But, Matt told us that quilting has been a blessing allowing them to stay home and says that he wouldn't trade it for all the money in the world and jokes that if you were talking about thread…. then, maybe! It is fun, though, reading their "tweets" on Twitter and seeing how they're a team! They are truly an example to look up to! It'd be so interesting to visit a day in the life of these two… or I mean 10.
So, we sent Matt our official interview questionnaire and he had a lot to tell us! (How much fun is he?! He's a talker and a quilter! )
When did you first begin quilting? Who taught you?
I only started quilting in late 2005. My wife had decided to try her hand at quilting by making our 4th child a birthday quilt. I still remember coming around the corner and seeing the appliqued quartered hearts laying on the ironing board. She had chosen four different fabrics to be appliqued on to four coordinating background fabrics. I looked at her then back at the blocks and back at her again. I think she, still to this day, regrets the next words that came out of her mouth. She said 'What do you think Matt?' So, politely as possible I inquired whether it was too late to move the fabrics around? She said 'no, go ahead'. So I reached out and picked up a few of the hearts and moved them around 'till the colors contrasted just right. This is the very moment my passion for quilting began. From that day on my wife and I spent countless hours together, choosing patterns, fabrics, threads and of course quilting.
Is quilting something that has been a family tradition/hobby?
My Mother in law introduced my wife and I to quilting. She has been quilting for 15+yrs. Every holiday she would drag out her latest projects and lay them across the floor describing the latest technique she was trying. I wish I knew back then what the future would hold as I would have paid more attention.
Who do you quilt for? Yourself, friends or family? We love doing charity work! My wife is the President of the Sherwood Park Quilt Guild so I find myself doing most of the quilting on their charity quilts. I also enjoy quilting for the kids and of course our walls. We just gave away a beautiful Stone Cottage quilt to the winner of our 'Name Our Baby Contest' to one of our Facebook friends.
Matt & his wife also quilt samples for their local quilt shop. He even says that they just booked 4 quilts to be displayed at Quilt Market later this year for United Notions. So, keep your eye out for those!
What is your favorite type of quilt block to make?
I am so new to quilting that I haven't picked a favorite block yet. I want to try making every block I possibly can. That is part of the reason I have so many quilts on the go. If you were to twist my arm and make me decide I would have to say that I love Ohio star, log cabin, New York Beauty.
Is there anything that you would like to share with other quilters? Something interesting? Something quirky? Pet peeves? Anything!
Don't get me started. I am very very particular about my piecing. I square every step along the way, blocks, rows, tops, borders. It seems to take me forever to complete a top but I can assure you that it is as near to perfect as I can possibly make it. Everyone tells me that perfection takes the fun out of quilting but I would have to disagree. That is the part that I enjoy the most.
A pet peeve of mine would have to be that I am amazed that more quilters don't use fork pins for their piecing. I use fork pins religiously! They create perfect piecing, perfect corners and line those seams up effortlessly (ok not quite effortlessly). As a long arm quilter, I see a lot of customer quilts. This gives me a good chance to look all types of piecing. No matter how long you have been a quilter, it will never hurt to take a basic techniques course. I for one love to learn basic skills, as too often they tend to get overlooked. They really make a difference in the accuracy of your finished piece. I know women that only take advanced courses like applique or curved piecing yet won't bat an eye at the beginner courses.
There are a few skills I recommend every quilter learn:
1. A scant 1/4 inch. (Most quilters don't realize that they lose a thread or two of fabric in the fold and a scant quarter inch will ensure your finished piece measures up properly.
2. Measuring your borders. (I cringe when I see patterns that list the border measurement and recommend cutting them even before your piecing is started) Wait till your top is done and measure both ends and the center and take the average of the three and make the two borders that length. Then pin your ends, center and quarter points and proceed to sew your borders on. Follow with the last set of borders and you will find your quilts hanging straighter and most importantly your long arm quilter won't be stuck dealing with wonky quilt tops.
Check out their website at Quiltcetera and sign up for their FREE basic techniques course sent right to your email! They also offer videos, tutorials and live chat!!
Are you known for anything or any style of quilting?
Our very first customer tried to type cast me as "Very good at straight lines and precision work' not that that is a bad thing, but I do not want to be known for any one type of quilting. So I made sure I spent countless hours practicing freehand work. Now I am equally good at both and find that I enjoy creating new designs as much as I like to 'stitch in the ditch.
Quiltcetera.etsy.com I recently entered a quilt in a show for the first time and will be sending it off to MQX later in the month for their 'Real Men Can Quilt' Exhibit.
This is Matt's crew with Grandma Sandy & Grandpa Ken!
Thanks, Matt!
So what did you think? Do you know a male quilter and would like to pay tribute to him ,too!? Please leave comments and email your male quilters to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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With differentiation, teachers develop personalized and targeted instruction in order to most effectively teach to each student based on their current understanding and their needs as learners.
Teachers in District 109 differentiate for every student, every day, all day.
In District 109:
You can view more details about specific ways in which teachers differentiate instruction in Differentiation in District 109, as well as in the District109 Response to Intervention Plan, both of which will be posted here before the start of the 2013-2014 school year.


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Turning Point in 2012: Will the Industry Veer Toward Prosperity, or Are Tougher Times Ahead?
Professional Door Dealer examines garage door and access-control industry trends from the supply and demand sides. Supply: cost of raw materials, supplier consolidations, labor market, safety regulations, transportation costs, taxes and government regulation; demand: housing and economic recovery, energy efficiency, and technological advances.


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- Filed Under
Fanilows looking to get their "Copacabana" fix will have to wait a bit longer than expected.
Barry Manilow's Resch Center performance, originally slated for April 27, has been pushed back to June 15. The reason for the change is unknown, but Manilow postponed six shows this month in New York and Chicago due to his physical therapy as he recovers from hip surgery.
Tickets already purchased for the show will be honored on the new date.


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December 1, 2015
The Alfred Saliba Center for Families is now hiring EXPERIENCED Math and Reading Tutors.
You will be assigned an individual student or will work in a small group format. Our Career Designs For Youth Program (CDY) is a federally funded program designed to help seniors in high school or current GED students who are struggling to graduate.
The tutors that are selected must be able to work as needed and work varied hours.
The hourly rate is $25.00 for up to 4 hours weekly. Total time will vary based on need.
For more information, please contact Jim at (334) 712-0165 or leave a meassage at (334) 712-1542.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Chivas USA and Corona Nissan have partnered to give you the opportunity to meet the ChivaGirls and the ChivaFighter, and Kick-N-Win tickets for the July 5th match at the street soccer stadia! Don't miss out on exclusive Chivas USA raffles and giveaways
Sat. June 21
12-4 pm
Corona Nissan
2575 Wardlow Rd
Corona, CA 92882
|Meet ChivaGirls & the ChivaFighter and enter to win Chivas USA prizes!
*Players subject to change
For more info on Corona Nissan, visit CoronaNisssan.com or call (951)735-3360


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As an investment and risk finance postgraduate, you can look forward to excellent career prospects in treasury and front office positions in investment banks and securities companies, as well as analyst or money management positions in the global financial services sector.
Your exposure to the Financial Markets Suite simulated financial trading facility will mean you will be equipped in both the theory and practice of investment and risk finance.
As an investment and risk finance postgraduate, you can apply for Associate Membership of the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment, which can lead to professional membership and fellowship of the Institute.
All full-time postgraduate Westminster Business School students have the opportunity to apply for an eight week part-time, unpaid internship with local organisations, so as to further enhance their academic experience.
The internship counts as one 10 credit module (the PG/MBA Internship Programme Reflective Practitioner Module) and can be taken in addition to core and option modules. Our internships take place during the summer and are in various fields including marketing, project management, retail, marketing communications, finance, HR and the charity sector.
In order to apply, students must complete an application form (along with a copy of their updated CV) and submit this to the Business Experience Team (BET). Subsequently we then shortlist from the applications received and conduct group meetings with the students, which provides them with an opportunity to understand more about the internship programme and for the BET to better understand their internship aspirations.
Ultimately it is up to our internship employers to decide whether they would like to interview the candidate(s) and offer him/her an internship. We have received very positive feedback from both our postgraduate students and employers and expect that the Internship Programme will continue to remain popular amongst our students.
Mentoring Programme
The Business Experience Team also offers full-time overseas postgraduate students the opportunity to take part in our Westminster Business School Mentoring Programme.
We will match students with a senior professional (mentor) from their field of expertise to give them an exact insight into British working practices and policies. Experienced professionals in any business field share their career experiences and knowledge with students who may wish to venture down a similar path in the near future.
Our mentors come from a wide range of backgrounds, including marketing, general management, finance and entrepreneurship. In addition, our mentors typically offer three hours of their time over a three month period to the mentee (student). In addition, to one-to-one meetings, students are encouraged to keep in touch with their mentor over email and telephone.


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High School Students Flock to Summer ProgramsJune 23, 2011
Christendom College's four one-week "Experience Christendom" Summer Programs for rising high school juniors and seniors are completely full. Over 155 students from across the country have filled all vacant spots and will get a taste of Christendom's renowned education and formation.
"We're very excited that the word is getting out about how great these programs are," Director of Admissions Tom McFadden says. "The programs are sure to give the students a life-changing experience, as they have been in the past for so many other participants."
A few spots still remain in this year's Latin Immersion Program. The Latin program has been totally re-vamped from past years and will be structured similar to the "Experience Christendom" Summer Programs. Students will spend close to three hours a day immersed in speaking Latin as a living language. The afternoons and evenings will be filled with recreational and social activities to give participants a feel for what life would be like being a student at Christendom College. The one-week program will be held July 17-24 and will cost $895.
Click here to register for the Latin Immersion Program.
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Everyone can use a personal assistant; some more than others. That's the beauty of hiring Savvy Solutions; you can use us as little or as much as you need. There are no required long-term contracts or commitments. On the other hand, if you'd prefer to have consistent help the same time every week or month, we'd be happy to customize a package for you! Whether your needs are simple dry-cleaning pickup/drop off and grocery shopping or something more complex like wedding or event planning, leave the hassle to us!
Savvy Solutions charges by the hour with most services charged at $35 an hour with a 1 or 2 hour min. (please see map to determine your minimum). After your first hour, you will be charged at 15 minutes increments. Not to worry, if your errands are taking us longer than the estimation we provided for you, we will call you to for direction as to how you'd like us to proceed so you won't get slapped with a charge higher than you expected.
Standard Services run $35 per hour (1-2 hour minimum, see map)
Examples of this service include grocery shopping, dry cleaning pickup/drop off, etc
Specialized Services are to be negotiated based on the scope of the job
Examples of this service include wedding/event planning, home organization, cooking/baking
Premium rates may apply for work outside of regular office hours
Examples where premium rates may apply: Holidays, weekends, and after hours may be available at a premium rate and on an as available basis
Buy 5 hours, get 1 hour free
Buy 10 hours, get 3 hours free


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Costa Coffee launches pioneering youth project in Camborne
Posted: July 25, 2014|
A LEADING coffee franchise has launched a flagship project where it will open its doors to young people.
Costa Coffee in Camborne hosts Costa Youth fortnightly and welcomes teenagers from around the town, giving them a place to socialise, learn new skills and talk to guest speakers.
The project has been masterminded by Costa Coffee Camborne operations manager Chris Ring and community network manager for Camborne, Pool, Illogan and Redruth Charlotte Chadwick, with the support of Camborne BID.
Mr Ring is delighted with the turnout at the sessions so far.
He said: "I wanted to do something with young people and I started chatting to Charlotte and it proved to be perfect timing and the idea started coming together.
"For the first session we just got all of the young people together, we had 17 or 18 of them and chatted to them about we wanted from the sessions.
"It is definitely a unique project and we've found that so far the youngsters understand the brand and want to get involved.
"We already have a couple of keen baristas in the group and are happy to be giving something back to young people.
"Local businesses have got involved and Tesco have donated milk and sugar to help make the drinks."
The group have already enjoyed visits from PCSOs from the town and youth worker Chris Saunders who brought along a guitar and a sexual health themed board game.
Miss Chadwick stated that as the sessions progress her and Mr Ring will aim to make them more structured with specific themes each time.
"As time goes on we will make the sessions more structured and introduce topics such as sexual health, drugs and alcohol awareness.
"Hopefully these sessions will provide some of the young people with positive role models, something that may previously have been lacking in their lives and if we can also contribute to a decrease in anti-social behaviour levels in Camborne then that would be great as well.
"We have given those who attend the sessions a warm and dry space where people can listen to what they have to say and hopefully boost their confidence."
The sessions take place every other Thursday at Costa Coffee in Trelowarren Street, and welcomes all teenagers between 7pm and 8:30pm.


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Posted by EOB staff
Welcome to our Game 6 Experience, where you can interact with us as we bring you pregame thoughts, quotes, video, audio and the rest. We'll be tracking Game 6 material live from Miami and on the web throughout the day.
Blog Entry
2011 NBA Finals: Game 6 Experience
Posted on: June 12, 2011 12:37 pm
Edited on: June 12, 2011 12:48 pm
Category: NBA
Tags: 2011 Finals, 2011 Heat-Mavericks, 2011 Mavericks-Heat, 2011 NBA Finals, 2011 NBA Playoffs, Brendan Haywood, Caron Butler, Chris Bosh, Corey Brewer, Dallas Mavericks, DeShawn Stevenson, Dirk Nowitzki, Dwyane Wade, Eddie House, Erick Dampier, Erik Spoelstra, Finals, Ian Mahinimi, Jamal Magliore, James Jones, Jason Kidd, Jason Terry, Jason Terry, Joel Anthony, Jose Barea, LeBron James, Mario Chalmers, Mark Cuban, Mark Cuban, Miami Heat, Mike Bibby, Mike Miller, NBA Finals, NBA Playoffs, NBA Playoffs, Pat Riley, Peja Stojakovic, Rick Carisle, Shawn Marion, Tyson Chandler, Udonis Haslem, Zydrunas Ilgauskas


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The Gadsden Panthers beat Doherty 4-3 in their opening game of the New Mexico Baseball Invitational on Thursday.
With the score tied 2-2, GHS freshman Raymond Flores laced a two-run double to left center in the top of the sixth inning. The Panthers would hang on from there, with Alex Lerma shutting the door for the save.
Miguel Rubio got the win on the mound for the Panthers, who will play Rio Rancho today at 6:30 p.m. in the tournament semifinals.


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- KNIA / KRLS - http://kniakrls.com -
2 Panthers; 2 Mustangs Ranked Among The Predicament's Top 10
Posted By Sports On December 31, 2011 @ 6:00 am In Today's Local Sports | Comments Disabled
The latest individual and team wrestling rankings have been released by The Predicament. No local team is ranked in the team top ten…however two Knoxville grapplers find themselves in the top ten in their respective weight classes. Jay Fresh is up to third in the 113 pound weight class while Lane Colwell makes his debut in ninth at 145 pounds. Panthers Coach Ron Peterson says Fresh and many others have given the team a big lift. In class 2A, P-C-M's Dalton Kingery is fifth this week at 126 pounds, and Jake tool is third at 285 pounds. All of our area wrestling squads will get back on the mats next week with either dual meets or tournaments.
Article printed from KNIA / KRLS: http://kniakrls.com
URL to article: http://kniakrls.com/2011/12/2-panthers-2-mustangs-ranked-among-the-predicaments-top-10/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2009 KNIA/KRLS. All rights reserved.


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To Do: Fine Art Workshops at Gage Academy of Art
To say that the Abstract Composition: Color Studies weekend art workshop taught by Julia Ricketts at Gage Academy of Art changed my (art) life would be an understatement. I had more "a-ha" moments in those two days of collage-making and pastel drawing than I've had in the past two years of working primarily alone on my own pieces. Julia taught me an entirely new method of creating art that has changed the way that I'll approach most of my work in the future.
Julia's class marked my first visit to Gage Academy of Art, which is housed in the beautiful landmark St. Nicholas Building on top of Capitol Hill next to Saint Mark's Cathedral. The school offers fine art classes and programs for teens and adults.
If you're not sure where to start, check out Gage's one-day Quick Start Studios that run from September 8th to 13th. You can sample a variety of classes without committing to an entire quarter. Gage Academy of Art also offers weekend and weeklong workshops if you're looking for something a little more substantial than just one day. You'll also find art exhibitions, interactive art events like Drawing Jam, and informative public talks with working artists.
Our weekend workshop consisted of less than 10 students, which was the perfect size for learning from each other as well as our instructor. There was plenty of time for Julia to walk around and provide us with some individual feedback and work with the class as a whole.
I won't subject all of you to the details here, but if you're interested in reading more about how Julia's class impacted my own creative process you can read about it on my website. I loved her teaching style so much that I signed up for her Abstract Painting I class that begins on September 16th!
Now I get to use the words that I never thought I'd say at my age – I can't wait for fall quarter to start. Do I get to go back-to-school shopping too?


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Chinese Cricket Club
Chinese Cricket Club offers mouth-watering Sichuan and Dim Sum specialities served with a contemporary twist. The head chef has a life-long passion for Asian cuisine and a desire to experiment with different textures, flavours and ingredients which is all brought to life at the Chinese Cricket Club.
This content has been supplied by Chinese Cricket Club
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Chinese Cricket Club
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Crowne Plaza Hotel London - The City
19 New Bridge StreetLondonEC4V 6DB
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CSI: Crime Scene Investigation: Season 12, Episode 19
Split Decisions (4 Apr. 2012)
Ratings: 7.3/10 from 390 users
Reviews: write review
The task of figuring out who shot and killed a pediatrician in a casino becomes more difficult when the team discovers that the killer is one of three identical triplets.
Director:Brad Tanenbaum
Writers:Anthony E. Zuiker (created by), Michael Daley (as Michael F.X. Daley) , 1 more credit »
Stars:Ted Danson, Elisabeth Shue, George Eads | See full cast and crew »


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November 25, 2015
Dreams of a White Christmas may become reality across a broad swath of the nation.
A big pre-holiday storm has cut power to tens of thousands of
customers and disrupted travel from Iowa to New England.
More than 200 flights have been canceled at Chicago's O'Hare
International Airport, and more than 650 at the three major New York City-area airports. Many remaining flights have been delayed for hours.
Snowfall has affected a large region, but the worst of the ice storm -- and resulting power outages -- is in a band across northern Illinois, Indiana and Ohio.
In the Northeast, hard hit by last week's ice storm, snowfall
totals of up to 15 inches are forecast.
In New Hampshire, several thousand homes and businesses are
still in the dark more than a week after last week's storm.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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|Early developments and clinical applications of total parenteral nutrition.
MedLine Citation:
|PMID: 12903895 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE
|BACKGROUND: This article recounts the conditions and status of surgical nutrition support in the 1960s and the antecedent basic and clinical investigational work leading to the development of a practical and efficacious method of adequate nourishment entirely by vein in Beagle puppies; describes the subsequent clinical application of the knowledge, techniques, and technology to the first successful long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support of critically ill pediatric and adult patients; and admonishes nutritionists of all backgrounds that some need for parenteral nutrition will likely always exist and that it is incumbent upon everyone to continue endeavors to advance the germinal methodology to perfection. METHODS: The relevant indications, limitations, hindrances, motivational factors, and studies regarding the development of TPN are reviewed, and the fundamental investigational work culminating in the first successful growth and development of Beagle puppies and a human infant fed entirely by vein are described firsthand. The details of the orderly and logical scientific development of the principles and components of the techniques in animals, infants, and adults are related. RESULTS: Knowledge, techniques, and technologic constituents of the first successful long-term TPN system were developed in the basic biochemical and animal laboratories initially in 6 puppies and subsequently adapted clinically for the efficacious long-term i.v. support of 6 critically ill surgical adult patients and a newborn infant before its widespread clinical application. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term TPN was inaugurated successfully as a safe and effective i.v. feeding technique nearly 4 decades ago. However, basic and clinical investigations must continue to be encouraged, supported, and carried out in the quest to perfect the current rudimentary technology, methodology, and outcomes.
|Stanley J Dudrick
Related Documents :
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6546445 - Nutrition for full-term and preterm infants. meeting normal and exceptional needs.
23470355 - Do infants really expect agents to act efficiently? a critical test of the rationality ...
23669525 - Short-term gestation, long-term risk: prematurity and chronic kidney disease.
8777655 - Ultrasound findings and clinical antecedents of cerebral palsy in very preterm infants.
Publication Detail:
|Type: Historical Article; Journal Article
Journal Detail:
|Title: JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition Volume: 27 ISSN: 0148-6071 ISO Abbreviation: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr Publication Date: 2003 Jul-Aug
Date Detail:
|Created Date: 2003-08-07 Completed Date: 2003-11-04 Revised Date: 2007-02-21
Medline Journal Info:
|Nlm Unique ID: 7804134 Medline TA: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr Country: United States
Other Details:
|Languages: eng Pagination: 291-9 Citation Subset: IM
|Program in Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, Waterbury, Connecticut 06706, USA. email@example.com
Export Citation:
|APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex
|MeSH Terms
Catheterization / instrumentation
Critical Illness / therapy
History, 20th Century
Infant, Newborn
Nutritional Support / history
Osmolar Concentration
Parenteral Nutrition, Total / adverse effects, history*
Postoperative Care
Preoperative Care
Reg. No./Substance:
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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©2015 General Mills, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This information will only be used to send an email to your friend(s) and will not be saved. Please read our Privacy Policy
Enjoy all the great flavors of a traditional Cobb salad, wrapped up in a tortilla. It's a tasty lunch or supper in 15 minutes!
For extra blue cheese flavor, sprinkle crumbled blue cheese over the sandwich mixture before rolling up the wraps.
If you're not a fan of blue cheese dressing, feel free to substitute ranch dressing.
Make even quicker work of these wraps by picking up some of the ingredients from the grocery store salad bar.
© 2015 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


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60 Vintage Sepia Cross - Organic Muslin Cotton Favor Bags 3x5 inch Great for Baby Baptism - Choose your own ink color
Product Info
You will receive a set of 60 sepia (or choose from my ink colors below) cross organic muslin cotton favor bags. These 3x5 inch, 100% organic muslin cotton bags with drawstrings are great for baby baptisms or baby showers filled with candy, tea, lavender buds, etc. to send home with your guests.
Ask about pricing on my 5x7, 6x10, 8x12 & 12x16 inch bags.
-INK COLOR CHOICES: black, pink, azure blue, teal, sepia (as in listing), coffee brown, red, cobalt blue, dark purple, light purple, dark green, olive green, orange, mustard yellow, dark gray, lime green (or, if you are looking for a specific color, let me know and I'll try to get it).
All of my muslin bags are hand stamped by me and will not all be exactly the same. These are stamped with sepia ink.
Muslin Bag: Made of 100% cotton muslin, off white/cream color and are approximately 3x5 inches each. All are not all exactly the same size, but very close.
I can make more of these if needed; just let me know.
CUSTOM: I would love to do a custom order for you! Convo me and just let me know what you would like. I can add the name of the baby, the mom-to-be's name, the date of the baby shower, etc... and can give you a price quote.
CHECK OUT MY OTHER DECORATIVE MUSLIN BAGS: http://www.etsy.com/shop/JennifersCookies?section_id=7217702


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Thursday, July 15, 2010
© Copyright 2015 Clayton News Daily
By Curt Yeomans
A movement is afoot to transform Clayton County's long-dormant Gateway Village development project in Morrow into ground zero for genealogical research, and family reunion-related tourism.
Planning is underway to develop Gateway Village, using family-oriented businesses, including hotels that cater to families who want to have genealogical-research-themed family reunions, according to Clayton County Economic Development Director Grant Wainscott.
He said examples of the businesses he wants to attract include a hotel with ample meeting space, T-shirt shops (to make the reunion T-shirts), and picture-frame shops (to frame copies of documents from the nearby archives). The proposal is a drastic change in direction for a project that once was earmarked for office space and unspecified businesses.
The reason for this new focus, Wainscott said, is the two large buildings that sit across the street from the undeveloped portion of Gateway Village -- the Georgia Archives, and the National Archives at Atlanta.
"The expanded thought here is to create a center for genealogical research and family-reunion tourism," Wainscott said. He later added, "The goal is to figure out how to build on the presence of the archives, and leverage those resources to attract new businesses to this area."
All of it would be aimed at getting families to come to Clayton County, to hold their family reunions at the national or Georgia archives, where they can have a meal, and then look up documents on their family's history, according to Wainscott.
And, it all actually plays directly into an effort that has been underway at the National Archives at Atlanta for several years, to encourage more families to hold reunions at the archives.
National Archives at Atlanta Regional Director Jim McSweeney said the archives has been trying to increase the number of professional meetings, corporate events, and family reunions it hosts, since 2006.
"We have exceeded our expectations with respect to hosting community events and professional activities," McSweeney said. "However, the same cannot be said for family reunions ... The family reunion industry is huge in Atlanta. The National Archives at Atlanta should be a part of any such plans."
Wainscott calls the arrival of the archives facilities in Morrow, more than five years ago, a "game changer" in the development of Gateway Village. The Georgia Archives opened in 2003, and the National Archives at Atlanta followed suit in 2005. Morrow is one of the few places in the country -- if not the only place -- where a state archives, and national archives, are located next door to each other, Wainscott said. He added, however, Gateway Village was originally planned to just be buildings with office space along Ga. Hwy. 54, near Clayton State University, also in Morrow.
"When the archives were built, that took things in a totally new direction," Wainscott said. "Over the past several years, they have drawn people from all over to this area, to do genealogical research. We feel this new focus is the best niche for this project."
Financial resources dried up after the two archives were brought in, and the development of the remainder of Gateway Village went into dormancy for several years, said Wainscott. Things began moving forward again last year, when the Clayton County Board of Commissioners approved the development's Phase 2, and made available $500,000 in bond resources to the county's economic development office, he said.
Commissioner Sonna Singleton, in whose district Gateway Village is located, said the new wave of economic development will come in the form of attracting smaller businesses, although a large business would be welcome, too. She believes the new focus on attracting businesses catering to genealogy-themed family reunions, could end up being a boon for the county.
"People are tired of the same old family reunions," said Singleton, whose own family has reunions attended by more than 200 people.
"Family reunions are now about showing the younger generations where the family came from. To show the grandchildren, and the nieces and nephews a piece of their family's history," Singleton said.
More like this story
- Construction of national archives on track ( December 15, 2003 )
- Rolling cameras may fuel University Station ( February 22, 2013 )
- Officials: Georgia Archives brings people to Clayton ( September 21, 2012 )
- Family history that breaks racial lines celebrated ( June 26, 2012 )
- Doors opens at archive facility ( April 2, 2005 )


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Service Project Description
I designed a landscaping project in conjunction with my Landscaping Merit Badge. Many of the scouts and Dads from our unit came as we took out the old shrubs and put in new bark and plants.
ContributorFerdinand Tretter
Date Entered16-Nov-2003
Click here to report possible copyright violations.


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Hi all.
Seems I missed a crucial basic here but plaster doesn't appear to stick to a painted surface.
I have repaired cracks in my 100 year old lath and plaster walls using Rod's techniques but I didn't strip the paint first. Today I put in a second coat of cornice cement and it fills the cracks really well but doesn't stick to the painted edge which I think means I won't be able to feather the edges with base coat then top coat.
Can someone tell me how to get the plaster to stick to the paint. I did try to strip the paint but it won't budge.
I need to cover a rendered wall.. It's extremely rough textured and painted. Can I simply apply two coats of top coat or will I have problems with it not sticking because of the paint.


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Teacher, I'll miss you
Teachers can be boring,
and hardly every fun,
but heres a little poem to say,
you're a brilliant one.
No words can ever discribe,
how grateful I am to you,
for all the knowledge you have parted,
and helped my dreams come true.
Now heres my final wish,
not for me but for you,
I wish you the best of luck,
and a bright future too.
and now for my last words of...
"Teacher, I'll miss you!"
| Email this Poetry
| Add to reading list


text:
The Master's Level Graduate Research Conference is supported by the Office of Graduate Studies.
This poster presentation describes the impact of a Spirituality in School Counseling workshop on school counselors views and use of spirituality as a tool in counseling adolescents in an urban setting. The workshop is based on current, peer-reviewed research regarding the use of spirituality in counseling. The research explores the place of spirituality in counseling, ways to utilize spirituality in counseling, the benefits and risks of using spirituality in counseling, and the significance of fostering spiritual development in urban adolescents. The workshop will be delivered to school counselors in an urban school district in New York State during a one hour session that incorporates discussions of case studies and feelings regarding the use of spirituality in school counseling. The workshop also involves an educational portion in which participants hear a summary of the latest research regarding spirituality as a school counseling tool. Results of the workshop will be evaluated using a pre-test/post-test method. Participants in the workshop will complete a pre-test that evaluates their use of, understanding of, and feelings about spirituality in school counseling prior to partaking in the workshop. Several weeks following the workshop, participants will complete the post-test, the same assessment that was given before the workshop, in order to draw conclusions about the impact of the workshop. Implications for counselors wil be presented.
|Alexander Clark (The College at Brockport, State University of New York) -- email@example.com
|Counselor Education - Poster Session
|Edwards Hall Lobby
|9 am (Session I)


text:
John William Buford was born in Huntsville, Alabama on February 3, 1920. He was the son of the late Robert Buford and the late Minnie (Parker) Buford. John served his country honorably as a member of the United States Army during World War II, serving under General McCarthy, 1st Division, 475 Regiment.
He married the love of his life the former Iva Nell Baker. From this union came the birth of three daughters.
For thirty years John was employed as a production worker at Ford Motor Company. He was a member of the United Auto Workers Local. John was a hard worker and he always made sure that his family was provided for. John loved the outdoors and spent his free time fishing and hunting. He also liked woodworking, gardening, playing cards, and wine-making.
John was very outgoing, he loved to socialize with others; and he enjoyed surrounding himself with friends and family. He was an amazing caretaker for his beloved wife, Iva. John never complained; even through the hardest of times.
John William Buford, age 92, of Luna Pier passed away peacefully at 11:17am on Saturday, October 13, 2012.
In addition to his parents, John's passing was preceded by his wife: Iva Nell (Baker) Buford of Luna Pier; three sisters, seven brothers, and his grandson: Troy Dusseau.
To cherish his memory, John leaves three daughters: Rosemary Mitchell of Alabama, Linda Dusseau of Luna Pier, and Patty (Gerald) Poplar of Utah; seven grandchildren: David (Amy) Mitchell, Jason (Bridget) Mitchell, Sonya (Chuck) Comer, Jamie Dusseau, Jimmy (Jena) Poplar, Jenny Poplar, and Jessica Poplar; eight great-grandchildren; two great-great-grandchildren; and three very special people in his life: Jimmy Dusseau, Donnie Mitchell, and great-grandson; Jake Cousino.
A private family gathering was held on Wednesday, October 17, 2012 at Merkle Funeral Service, 9156 Summit Street in Erie (734) 848-5185. Graveside services were under the auspices of Erie Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 3925 and were held at Roselawn Memorial Park in LaSalle.
Online guests may leave words of inspiration and comfort, share a photo, make a donation, or send a floral arrangement by visiting www.merklefs.com and then selecting the Online Tributes page.


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Tuesday 1 December 2015 | Blog Feed | All feeds
Stay-at-home mothers are at an all-time low. Every day, 500 more mothers who'd prefer to raise their children are forced to look for a job because of coalition policies. A little over two million wome...
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- Filed Under
The annual Holiday Jazz Showcase of the Indianapolis Jazz Foundation on Wednesday will include the induction of musicians and club owners into the Indianapolis Jazz Hall of Fame.
The program starts at 6 p.m. with music by the Zach Lapidus Trio, with the pianist joined by bassist Nick Tucker, drummer Greg Artry and guest Sophie Faught, saxophone.
Other performers will include singer Sue Wycliff, the Farrelly-Markiewicz Group, flutist Oliver Nelson Jr. and guitarist Bill Lancton, the foundation's president.. ...


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Item 3456027
LSU Tigers Plaid on Cotton Fabric
Product Actions
Additional Information
- Content: 100% COTTON
- Width: 45''
- Care Method: Machine wash warm, line dry.
- Bolt Size Average: 15 YARDS
This fabric is for individual consumption only. Limit 10 yds. per order.
Please Note: This item is priced per yard. Each repeat is approximately 24"-27". Depending upon the quantity ordered we may cut through a repeat.
Made in South Korea
LSU Tigers Plaid on Cotton Fabric is rated out of 5 by 1.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Mamaw from love the vivid colors Bought it in Nov. and made many pairs of mens pants and shorts for my grandchildren because my son is an alumni of LSU.....plan to order more..
Date published: 2015-01-05


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Here's my interpretation of the version on Old Quarter. Sounds great with amp cranked to 10 and full distortion.
Two Girls, Townes Van Zandt from "Live at the Old Quarter" tabbed by Jud Branam (email@example.com) capo 4 The (C)clouds didn't look like (Dm)cotton they didn't (G)even (F)look like (C)clouds I was underneath the (Dm)weather and my (G)friends looked (F)like a (C)crowd The (Am)swimmin hole was (C)full of rum I (F)tried to find out (C)why all I (Dm)learned my friend is you've got to (G)swim be(F)fore you (C)fly. chorus: I've got (F)two (C)girls one's in (Am)heaven, one's (C)below one I love with (Dm)all my heart and (G)one I (F)do not (C)know.
Two lonesome dudes on an ugly horse Passed by not long ago They asked me where the action was


text:
POSTED: 12:30 a.m. HST, Dec 2, 0001
LAST UPDATED: 8:14 a.m. HST, May 28, 2012
Two men made it back to shore with only minor injuries after being swept into the ocean near Oheo Gulch near Hana, Maui Sunday.
Fire rescue personnel responded to the 5:07 p.m. call to the area, also known as the Seven Sacred Pools. But park rangers told them that both men made it back to shore by 5:25 p.m.
The two men, in their mid-20s, suffered scrapes and cuts, but declined medical attention.


text:
Originally Posted by ralnphot
Dont dump the B-22 just yet. Carefully pack it away, and have it as a back-up unit. If, in the future you have the room for it, you will have a dandy dedicated 35mm or 6x6 for some quick work.
I would keep both, and probably use the B22 as a dedicated colour rig, but I physically don't have storage space for them both in the apartment. As it is, the D2 is sitting in the middle of the dining room floor until I have time to get it set up.
Take the B22 off the baseboard and put it under your bed.
I don't have the D2. I have a D4, which is about the same size but a little more heavy. There's a B600 sitting in the darkroom right next to it that doesn't see much use at all. I wouldn't trade that D series enlarger for anything.
Frank Schifano
I have a much loved D-II, which used to live in a little darkroom in Carnegie Hall many years ago, where it was used for the printing of Irving Penn's work, along with several others. My father knew the two guys who ran the lab, and managed to get the enlarger from them when they closed up shop. It still works flawlessly, alongside our old Durst 606, which will be joined by a Durst Laborator 1000 with Pavelle 401 in the next few weeks.
I really do love my Omega, and can't stand the Beseler 23Cs that I work on here at school. Some of them are hideously out of alignment, and only one of them has a Schneider mounted in it. Student abuse has clearly taken its toll, but I really hate the Beseler negative carrier design, much prefer the two interlocking plates with pin cutouts and register grooves of the Omega D carriers.
The reason I prefer Beselers is that you can tilt the lens board. You might be able to do it on some Omegas, but none of the ones I have used. This is of a lot of use to me.
"Truth and love are my law and worship. Form and conscience are my manifestation and guide. Nature and peace are my shelter and companions. Order is my attitude. Beauty and perfection are my attack."
- Rob Tyner (1944 - 1991)
I'm in remission on this one, sent D2V and 23C II to their final resting place (recycled metal yard). Beseler 45 is the only one in the darkroom now. D2 is a very good enlarger.
Shame that I could not get anyone to take it locally, paper, craigslist no help. Didn't relieve one local inquiry.
Originally Posted by tkamiya
If you have a 6x6 carrier, you don't need a 645 carrier. I'm printing my 645 films wiht 6x6 and it works just fine. I don't mask it either.
Thanks for that suggestion; I didn't realize that not masking was an option. Any issues with negative flatness?
Nope. Keep in mind... IF you had 6x6 negatives, which uses the exact same film, you'd be using 6x6 carrier. Provided your film doesn't dry awfully curly, you'll be fine. I never had any issues even when I crop it in such a way the actual enlargement factor is much larger than if I was printing 11x14.
Develop, stop, fix.... wait.... where's my film?
Originally Posted by ignatiu5
Thanks for that suggestion; I didn't realize that not masking was an option. Any issues with negative flatness?
One caution - don't cut your strip of negatives into individual negatives. If you do, you will have a need for masking, and flatness could be a problem.
As long as your strips have at least 1 1/2 two negatives on each strip, you will be fine.
They are fine if you get all the proper cones and the three sets of condensers or the variable condenser lamp house.
Don`t get a push pull elevation one, get a crank up/down.
Otherwise keep what you have.


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Nigeria's Jonathan suspends criticComment on this story
Lagos - Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan has suspended Central Bank Governor Lamido Sanusi, an increasingly outspoken critic of the government's record on tackling rampant corruption, the presidential spokesman said on Thursday.
Deputy Governor Sarah Alade was appointed acting governor.
Sanusi, who was due to end his term in June, had been presenting evidence to Parliament which he said showed the state oil company had failed to remit around $20-billion that it owed to federal government coffers.
The naira fell more than one percent to 165.80 to the dollar on the news.
"Mallam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi's tenure has been characterised by various acts of financial recklessness... inconsistent with the administration's vision of a Central Bank propelled by the core values of focused economic management," a statement from the spokesman said.
The governor's suspicion of massive fraud at the heart of one of the world's most opaque national oil companies has put pressure on Jonathan a year ahead of elections, when he is already reeling from a failure to quell an increasingly violent Islamist insurgency in the north.
The state oil firm - Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) - has repeatedly denied Sanusi's allegations.
It has also spooked debt investors worried about government squandering of oil revenues during election cycles. Sanusi says graft is slashing forex reserves needed to support the naira.
The biggest gap in accounting is for $8.5-billion the NNPC says it retained from revenues during the 19-month period to cover subsidies it was owed on importing gasoline and kerosene.
Sanusi also says that some of the $6-billion that the NNPC's producing arm, NPDC, earned during the period should have been submitted to government accounts. Instead, he says, it has been funnelled into private hands through special deals given to oil companies.
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text:
- Filed Under
Olivia Oppenheim scored the game-winner in the first overtime as the seventh-seeded John Jay High School girls soccer team beat 10th-seeded Mamaroneck, 3-2, in the Section 1 Class AA playoffs at Poughkeepsie High School on Saturday.
"It was a great effort. The girls played with a lot of guts and heart in the second half and overtime," John Jay coach C.J. Greenwood said.
Haley Thoma had a goal and two assists for the Patriots (10-6-1). Alyssa Zeoli contributed a goal, and Rachel Long made 13 saves. ...