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March 31, 2009
Following an impressive week of play, Nico Riego de Dios earned Big Sky Conference Player of the Week accolades for the second time this month. Last week, he went a perfect 3-0 in singles play and helped lead the Eagles to 5-2 and 7-0 conference wins over Weber State and Idaho State, respectively.
In the league matches, Riego de Dios had a 7-5, 6-1 straight-sets win in the Weber State contest before rallying from a set down for a 4-6, 7-5, 6-3 victory in the match with the Bengals. The junior then wrapped up the busy three-match, two-day trip with an impressive 6-3, 6-2 victory over No. 63 BYU's top player.
He and Kyle Schraeder also had a trio of tight matches last weekend, falling in the WSU contest, 8-5, before rebounding for an 8-5 victory against ISU. They then played right with the top duo from BYU before narrowly falling 9-7.
Previously, Riego de Dios earned POW honors on March 10 after helping Eastern to a dominating 7-0 Big Sky win over Montana State and playing well in a 4-3 non-conference loss to Idaho. He also claimed weekly accolades on April 8, 2008.
For the season, he is 12-7 in singles (8-5 at 1, 4-2 at 2), while Riego de Dios and Schraeder have teamed up for a 13-6 doubles mark, all at the No. 1 position.
Riego de Dios and the Eagles (12-7, 5-1 BSC) return to action with a Big Sky match at Northern Arizona (6-15, 4-1 BSC) on Saturday (April 4). First serve is set for 3 p.m.


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Dolce & Gabbana Grey 'Al Pacino' T-Shirt
Availability: Out of stock.
Dolce & Gabbana light grey cotton marl T-shirt with round neck and short sleeves. Sepia print of Al Pacino relaxing in Sicily on the front and small branded tag at the back of the neck. Overstitched centre back seam.
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UK Delivery - Standard UK delivery takes 2-5 working days and costs £2.99, Next Day UK delivery is £10 and Saturday UK delivery is £20. Orders placed after 12 pm will be processed on the next working day.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Elsa/NBAE via Getty Images
By: David Vertsberger
It has likely come as a surprise to many, but Ronnie Brewer has surprisingly been the most cost-effective and efficient signing of the Knicks' offseason. The 6'7" wingman was known for his defense while playing for the Utah Jazz and most recently the Chicago Bulls. Since joining the Knicks, he has allowed just .85 points per possession from the opposing player and averaged over one steal per night, generating some pivotal fast breaks for the Knicks.
However, Brewer's offense has also been a welcome addition to the Knicks' overall attack. Primarily known for his strong finishing and crisp cuts to the basket, this season he has also excelled beyond the three-point arc, which provides the following statistic of the week: Prior to the December 9, 2012 Nuggets game, 16 of Brewer's 17 three-point makes this season have been the result of shots taken from the corner. A similar stat was first tweeted by Taylor Armosino and has since been confirmed by NBA.com's stat tool.
As of recently, Brewer had shot 44% from the corners, turning him into more than just a lockdown defender but also a steady spot-up shooter, while Carmelo Anthony, Raymond Felton and Tyson Chandler ferociously attack the basket. Ronnie Brewer's shooting is noticeably better than the Knicks' recent prior options with respect to spot-up marksmen. If Brewer can keep up his accuracy from the three-point range as the season progresses, opposing defenses will have an even tougher job guarding the already tough-to-stop Knicks' offense.


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Bus Stop (1961–1962)
TV Series | | Drama
Grace owns the bus stop in Sunrise CO. She, waitress Elma, Sheriff Will and D.A. Glenn watch life through the stories which unfold as passengers arrive and then depart the small town.
Creator:Roy Huggins
Stars:Rhodes Reason, Richard Anderson, Joan Freeman | See full cast and crew »


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An architectural rendering of the three-story, $16 million, L-shaped dormitory that will open in August at Corning Community College.
- Filed Under
Corning Community College has appointed its first director of residence life and is now accepting applications online for its first residence hall, which will open for the fall semester, the college announced Friday.
The three-story, $16 million dormitory, now under construction next to the Commons building, will house up to 320 students in 84 single and double suites. Yearly room and board fees will range from $8,500 to $10,000.
Jessica Moore will develop all programming for CCC's new Residential Learning Center, the name given to the new residence hall. She has six years of experience ...


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Very good post - thanks for doing the work I have not yet had time to do. We never want to look at a deal with rose colored glasses and it's quite obvious that all of these warrants and options will be in the money.
So we have to look at AMW with 24 million shares fully diluted when discussing longer term share price. We also have to look at FIS with 150 mil OS fully diluted(from their latest presentation) so the official ratio we should use going forward is 6:1 when compring FIS to AMW. This implies that for every penny FIS rises pertaining to Patterson lake, AMW should rise 6 cents. It almost seems as though AMW is not as promotional as FIS from the looks of things.
Its obvious that Ben Ainsworth was very careful about this latest round - and you can bet that he picked and chose the placees and that many were left out. Probably due to politics why he slightly increased the round from $3 mil to $4. I just love it cause the Howe street types are powerless on this deal - how are the likes of Peter Brown and Reynolds gonna get papered up at low levels? LOL.
I must say that I was suprised at the volume spike when the financing was announced. Typically placees will sell thier paper if the market is above the price of the financing so long as they are able to buy at lower levels and with warrants in the financing. I think that many that sold at $1.80 - $1.90 will not get an allocation and will either have to sit on the sidelines or go back into the market and re-buy thier positions.
Good luck again to all the longs and the informative posters on this board.. lets all stick together as this story has most probably just begun... Very exciting discovery at this point.


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You Are A Hero-San 25 Points Beat the JRPG Medal Stats.
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Total Medals Earned: 142 (From 28 different games.)


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They write like teenage girls. "Ni99a" wtf?
Scarface I would get but godfather? niggas dont know abt godfather and cant sit still through godfather.
Because he wants to.
You guys black? If you're so, then you're pretty fucking retarded and sad and if that isnt 100 bulletz then its his twin. looks quite a lot like him,...
Spotted in Stater Bros. Be careful out there! : funny
If it\s been posted before, remove it but yeah...isnt that 100 bulletz being a...
Dope tune.
Nino you should def get tricky p on your next work
This is dope, didn't expect to be listening through it when i pressed play but keep up the good work
Cheers for posting Akala, been having it on repeat for like an hour. Inferno in the booth, fucking murdered the beat.
TonyD's webham have been a...
If you so broke you can't pay up 50$ instantly then don't bet it cuz you seem to be in need of it.
just wanted a reason to post this.
How do you deal with it when you feel absolutely miserable? '
I got my lil cousin in hospital, he needs a big surgery and he's only 7 and it is...
Weird - says the guy who came out of the gay closet in the middle of a rap battle.
Dope shit, a bit too intense for constant replay for me but it's dopeee.
Separate names with a comma.


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We're delighted to be part of the SQL Relay event across the UK. A series
of 16 SQL Server community events at the start of October, culminating
in an event at
Microsoft's Cardinal Place venue in London with an internationally recognised author and speaker.
MVP Tony Rogerson returns to Bristol for his second
visit to talk about High Availability in SQL Denali and to kick off
Bristol's event in the UK SQL Relay!
Tony is a freelance SQL Server specialist and BI consultant. He founded the UK SQL Server User Group in 1997, SQLBlogcasts.com in 2003 and was a founding member of Developer Developer Developer and SQLBits
community conferences.
Visit http://www.sqlserverclub.co.uk for further event details.
Doors open 6pm, meeting begins 6.30pm.
We will break at 7.30pm for beer and pizza. After final questions and feeback, we'll head to the pub at 9pm.


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I'm looking for a recommendation for a shower curtain from anyone who has a claw foot, cast iron tub. The problem I find is that two shower curtains barely wrap around the tub so we have to clip them with a metal clip, but three curtains are too many with all the billowing plastic. Also, every curtain we have tried just gets sucked into the shower space as soon as the water comes on. Because of this, we have it anchored to the wall with a pushpin. The only material that seems heavy enough to minimize the suction effect is heavy clear plastic, which turns white constantly and looks terrible. Those dinky magnets sewn into the bottoms don't help at all. We tried hemp curtains once and they were perpetually moldy. Help! Victorian dweller, shower taker
The best thing is that they go in the washer and dry in minutes on a clothesline or drying rack. (Beats scrubbing tile!) I even use bleach on them, although the care instructions say not to. My current set is probably about 10 years old.
I also thought I would turn up the hems (they're pretty long) and put magnets in the pockets, but they kinda stick to the damp side of the tub and don't billow too badly. Chris
We want to replace our moldy plastic shower curtain with a fabric one that requires no plastic liner and can be thrown into the washing machine. Hemp is too expensive (the ones I've seen are $100+); we want to spend less than $50. Has anyone had any luck with a fabric shower curtain(preferably cotton and not polyester)? Where did you buy it and how much did it cost? sick of plastic
Nylon or polyester shower curtains are still plastic-based, but they hold up longer than the vinyl ones and you can toss them in the washer as often as you like. If you don't spray directly on them, they won't overspray onto the floor. But if you kids like to play 'tidal wave!' in the tub, they won't do much to keep your floor dry * singing in the bathtub
Hello- Needing some advice for keeping water off of our bathroom floor when using the shower in our clawfoot tub. We have a leak into the downstairs which we think is coming from water on the floor. It is hard to keep all water in the tub since the shower curtains need to part to let in the shower head and to reach out to get the shampoo, etc. Any thoughts? Also, alternatives to the toxic smelling nylon curtains would be appreciated! Thanks! Lisa
I am trying to rid our house of as many potentially toxic artificial chemicals as I can. Vinyl shower curtains are terrible as they have toxic phthalates in them. Has anyone tried a hemp shower curtain? They are very expensive when I search online ($64 to $72 plus shipping) but look promising in that they are clean and chemical free, and can be washed and should last for a long time. How long though, is a long time? If you have one, was it worth the purchase? How long has your curtain lasted? Do you use it alone (like the websites claim you can) or with a liner, and have you found a vinyl-free liner? Where can I get one? Any local sources in the East Bay so I don't have to order one online? Any info would be appreciated before I make the plunge and buy a very expensive stall shower curtain! Thanks! wants to stop using toxic $9.99 vinyl shower curtains
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Style # 37869-3P450
Capture the elegance of a damask pattern in this attractive giclee drum lamp shade, featuring versatile shades of black, gray and white.
Set a dramatic tone with this handsome patterned lamp shade. The shade is printed giclee style and is custom made-to-order. The correct size harp and matching finial are included free with this shade. Chrome finish spider fitter. Drum shape shade. U.S. Patent # 7,347,593.
Shop all Giclee Glow
Our associates are standing by to assist you.


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- Filed Under
Colonel Crawford showed off its greatest team strengths during Friday's season opener against Seneca East.
The Eagles relied on their speed, balanced offensive attack and physical defense, on their way to a commanding, 105-56, victory over the Tigers. Twelve different Colonel Crawford players scored, and five reached double digits.
"This is a pretty even balanced team, and most of them played about two and a half quarters at the most," Eagles coach David Sheldon said. "The balance we have, as long as this team shares the basketball like we did tonight, we can do some good things." ...


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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in the United States as well as globally. Epidemiological studies show that regular fruit and vegetable consumption reduces CVD risk, in part, due to antioxidant activity and immunomodulation since oxidative stress and inflammation are features of atherogenesis. Accumulating evidence also shows that dietary fungi, viz., mushrooms, can protect against chronic disease by altering inflammatory environments such as those associated with CVD although most research has focused on specialty mushrooms. In this study, we tested the ability of both common and specialty mushrooms to inhibit cellular processes associated with CVD.
Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were incubated overnight with control media with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle (1% v/v) or containing DMSO extracts of whole dehydrated mushrooms (0.1 mg/mL), which included Agaricus bisporus (white button and crimini), Lentinula edodes (shiitake), Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster), and Grifola frondosa (maitake). Monolayers were subsequently washed and incubated with medium alone or containing the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 6 h to upregulate pro-atherosclerotic adhesion molecules (AM). AM expression was assayed by ELISA and binding of U937 human monocytes pre-loaded with fluorescent dye was determined.
White button mushrooms consistently reduced (p < 0.05) VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin-1 expression, whereas other test mushrooms significantly modulated AM expression singly, collectively, or combinatorially. All mushrooms, however, significantly reduced binding of monocytes to both quiescent and cytokine-stimulated monolayers.
These data provide evidence that dietary mushrooms can inhibit cellular processes such as adhesion molecule expression and ultimate binding of monocytes to the endothelium under pro-inflammatory conditions, which are associated with CVD. As a result, these findings support the notion that dietary mushrooms can be protective against CVD.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States as well as globally in both developed and developing countries [1]. Epidemiological studies show that regular consumption of plants, i.e., fruits and vegetables, is strongly and convincingly associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease including CVD [2,3]. This protection presumably occurs due to a plethora of bioactive phytochemicals that can modulate processes including the immune response, inflammation and antioxidant activity [4,5]. In addition to plants, dietary fungi, viz., mushrooms, also contain a diverse array of biologically active molecules rendering them potentially protective against CVD [6,7]. In fact, dietary mushrooms have been shown in previous studies to improve cardiovascular health, stimulate immune function, contribute to glucose homeostasis, and to modulate detoxification, as well as exert anti-allergic, anti-tumor, anti-viral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities [5,8-10]. As a result, both cellular components and secondary metabolites of myriad dietary mushrooms have been used in treatment for a variety of diseases [11]. While previous results have been compelling, research has largely focused on specialty or exotic mushrooms associated with the Far East including shiitake, maitake, and reishi. However, the white button mushroom is the most frequently consumed mushroom in the United States and could be equally effective in preventing or slowing CVD [10].
The etiology of CVD involves, in part, a complex process of development and deposition of cholesterol-ladened fatty streaks within aortic blood vessels and appears associated with oxidative stress and inflammation [12,13]. Accumulating evidence suggests also a critical link between inflammation and metabolic syndrome, CVD, and diabetes [14]. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, chemokines, and upregulation of several key adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1 or E-selectin) have been shown to contribute significantly to CVD by initiating an interaction between the vascular endothelium and monocytes, precursors to foam-ladened macrophages [13,15]. The increased expression of adhesion molecules, migration of monocytes into the aortic subendothelium, and foam cell formation can contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development and premature cardiovascular disease and death. It has been demonstrated that an atherogenic diet high in dietary fat such as the Western diet can also rapidly induce adhesion molecules and contribute to atherogenesis [16]. Some dietary agents, such as mushrooms, can inhibit or attenuate these processes, which would be beneficial in slowing or preventing downstream chronic disease.
Despite emerging evidence, little attention has been focused on the potential protective role of edible mushrooms against atherogenesis in a biological context or determination of a specific underlying mechanism. Moreover, a lingering question is whether common dietary mushrooms can be as effective as specialty, or exotic, mushrooms. In this research, we have determined whether both common mushrooms and specialty mushrooms can modulate critical events leading to atherogenesis such as pro-inflammatory, cytokine-induced upregulation of adhesion molecule expression to include VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin. We selected as test mushrooms Agaricus bisporus (white button and crimini varieties), Lentinula edodes (shiitake), Pleurotus osteratus (oyster), and Grifola frondosa (maitake). After analyzing VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin expression, we assessed whether significant reductions in binding of human monocytes to aortic endothelium in a quiescent or a pro-inflammatory environment occurred. We hypothesized that preincubation of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) extracts of whole mushrooms would inhibit the adverse binding of U937 human monocytes to cytokine-stimulated aortic endothelium using an in vitro model of atherogenesis.
Preparation and delivery of mushrooms
Samples of mushrooms were collected from The Pennsylvania State University Mushroom Test Demonstration Facility and Mushroom Research Center and Modern Mushroom Farm, Inc. (Toughkennamon, PA) as outlined in Table 1. Mushrooms were grown using the standard tray system under controlled conditions and were harvested at the optimum maturation stage with closed caps that were 2.0-2.5 inches in diameter [17]. Mushrooms from the second break of the A. bisporus crops were tested and included brown (crimini) mushrooms and the common white button mushrooms. Specialty mushrooms were harvested using standard mycology protocols and harvested on peak production days [17].
Table 1. Mushrooms selected for testing
Harvested mushroom crops were randomly sampled, cleaned, sliced, and stored at 0°C for 24 h. Samples were later freeze-dried (Model 15 SRC-X; Virtis Genesis Co, Inc., Gardiner, NY), ground to a fine powder, and sieved through a 16 mesh screen. Mushroom powders were collected in sterile sample bags (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) and stored in the dark at room temperature in desiccators prior to analysis.
After analyses, lyophilized mushroom powders were stored desiccated at -80°C in the dark until use. Stock solutions of each test mushroom were prepared by dissolving 100 mg mushroom powder into 10 mL DMSO (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) in tubes immersed in ice followed by three cycles of 2 min each of sonication using a Bransonic sonifier (Model S450, Danbury, CT). Immediately prior to experiments, aliquots of stock solutions (0.01 mL) were independently diluted into endothelial cell basal medium (EBM) medium to produce 0.1 mg/mL working concentrations each with 1% (v/v) DMSO. DMSO was not toxic at this concentration as determined by viability assays when compared to control cultures with medium alone (data not shown).
Cell culture
HAEC were purchased from Clonetics Laboratories (San Diego, CA) and cultured in EBM (Clonetics, San Diego, CA). The medium contained 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), hydrocortisone, vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, gentamicin, epidermal growth factor, heparin, and ascorbic acid at concentrations provided as a kit by the manufacturer (Clonetics, San Diego, CA). HAEC were seeded in 1% gelatin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) coated Corning T-75 flasks, 24, and 96-well plates (Corning, NY). Medium was changed every other day and cells were subcultured by trypsinization, resuspension, and reseeding to flasks to propagate cultures. For experiments, HAEC were used for three passages (number of times subcultured) since they are non-transformed and non-immortalized. For this study, cells were grown to confluence and each assay was replicated 3-4 times in quadruplicate using passages 6-8. U-937 monocytes (ATCC, Rockville, MD) grew in suspension culture in RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 ug/mL streptomycin. Medium was exchanged every 3 d and cells were subcultured weekly.
Cytotoxicity of mushroom powders
Monolayers of HAEC were incubated overnight with media containing DMSO vehicle alone (1% v/v) or containing the test mushroom powders. Cytotoxicity was determined by changes in morphology as determined by light microscopy and trypan blue exclusion as an indicator of viability.
Adhesion molecule expression
HAEC were cultured in 24-well plates until confluent and were incubated overnight with mushroom powders dissolved in cell culture medium as described above. After incubation, monolayers were washed twice with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (0.5 mL/well) and further incubated with medium alone or with IL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 6 h at 37°C. Medium was removed and monolayers were fixed with 1% formaldehyde at 25°C for 30 min. Monolayers were washed with PBS and blocked with 10% FBS in PBS for 1 h to reduce non-specific binding and background. Monoclonal antibodies against human VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin (BD Pharmingen, San Diego, CA) were added at 5, 1, and 10 μg/mL, respectively, in PBS with 10% FBS for 1 h at 25°C. The secondary antibody, horseradish-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (Santa Cruz, CA), was added at a 1:400 dilution and incubated at 25°C for 2 h. Subsequently and after washing with PBS, horseradish peroxidase substrate was added and cells were incubated for 1 h to develop the colorimetric endpoint (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). The optical densities, or absorbances, were read at 405 nm using a Tecan SpectraFluor multi-well plate reader (Tecan, Research Triangle Park, NC).
Fluorescent labeling of monocytes
U-937 cells (ATCC, Rockville, MD), a human monocyte cell line, was used to test adherence to HAEC monolayer [18]. Prior to co-incubation, U-937 cells were fluorescently labeled by incubating cells (2 × 106 cell/mL) with 5 μM BCECF-AM/L [2', 7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 (and 6)-carboxy-fluorescent acetoxymethyl ester] (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) in EBM medium for 30 min at 37°C and 5% CO2 as described previously [19]. BCECF-AM, a non-fluorescent lipophilic compound, readily enters cells where it is modified to become fluorescent and retained by cells. BCECF-AM was prepared as a 1 mg/mL stock in DMSO and stored at -80°C. After labeling, cells were washed twice with PBS containing 1% FBS to remove excess dye. U937 cells were then resuspended in medium (5 × 105 cells/mL) and added (0.5 mL/well) to HAEC monolayers as described below.
U-937 monocyte binding to HAEC
HAEC were cultured in gel-coated 24-well plates until confluent then incubated overnight with mushroom powders dissolved in cell culture medium as described above. After incubation, monolayers were washed twice with PBS (0.5 mL/well) and further incubated with IL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 6 h at 37°C. U-937 cells, labeled as described above, were incubated with HAEC for 30 min at 37°C and 5% CO2. After incubation, non-adherent cells were removed by washing twice with PBS containing 1% FBS. The attached cells were lysed with 0.5 mL of 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.6) containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The fluorescent intensity was measured at excitation and emission wavelengths of 485 and 535 nm, respectively, with a Tecan Spectrafluor fluoresence multiwell plate reader.
Statistical analysis
Data were analyzed using the Students t test to compare individual treatment groups with the respective controls. Values are displayed as means + SEM and p < 0.05 is considered significant.
VCAM-1 expression
Increased expression of adhesion molecules and binding of monocytes to HAEC are critical events in atherogenesis. As a result, we first analyzed the expression of VCAM-1 after pre-incubation with medium alone or containing mushroom powder. After stimulation with IL-1β for 6 h, VCAM-1 expression significantly increased by 3.8 fold in DMSO vehicle control cells (Fig. 1). There were no differences between stimulated DMSO vehicle-treated cells and stimulated cells incubated with medium alone. After preincubation with mushrooms, VCAM-1 expression was marginally, but significantly, reduced by 24.8 amd 10.5% after crimini and white button mushroom powder, respectively. Basal expression of VCAM-1 was not significantly altered after pre-incubation with mushrooms.
Figure 1. VCAM-1 adhesion molecule expression in HAEC. Monolayers were incubated overnight with 1% (v/v) DMSO alone (DMSO) or with mushroom powder (0.1 mg/mL) including shiitake (S), crimini (C), oyster (O), maitake (M), and white button (WB). Cell monolayers were washed then incubated with medium alone or IL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 6 h. After harvesting, VCAM-1 expression was determined by ELISA. Data indicate mean optical density (O.D.) ± SEM and are representative of 3-4 experiments each performed in quadruplicate. *p < 0.05 vs. control.
ICAM-1 expression
We next analyzed the expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1. Basal ICAM-1 expression was higher than either basal VCAM-1 or E-selectin as observed previously and routinely and was not altered by pre-incubation with solutions from mushroom powder. Incubation with IL-1β increased significantly ICAM-1 expression by 2-fold as expected (Fig. 2). After pre-incubating with mushroom extracts, ICAM-1 expression was marginally, but significantly, decreased by white button mushroom powder by 8%. Other test mushrooms did not significantly reduce ICAM-1 adhesion molecule expression.
Figure 2. ICAM-1 adhesion molecule expression in HAEC. Monolayers were incubated overnight with 1% (v/v) DMSO alone (DMSO) or with mushroom powder (0.1 mg/mL) including shiitake (S), crimini (C), oyster (O), maitake (M), and white button (WB). Cell monolayers were then washed and incubated with medium alone or IL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 6 h. After harvesting, ICAM-1 expression was determined by ELISA. Data indicate mean optical density (O.D.) ± SEM and are respresentative of 3-4 experiments each performed in quadruplicate. *p < 0.05 vs. control.
E-selectin expression
We next analyzed the expression of the adhesion molecule E-selectin. Basal expression remained low and unchanged in all cultures including treatment groups (Fig. 3). After incubation with IL-1β, E-selectin expression significantly increased by 9.2-fold. After pre-incubation with mushrooms, E-selectin expression was significantly reduced by 8, 20, 18, 13, and 14% after pre-incubation with shiitake, crimini, oyster, maitake, and white button mushroom powders, respectively.
Figure 3. E-selectin adhesion molecule expression in HAEC. Monolayers were incubated overnight with 1% (v/v) DMSO alone (DMSO) or with mushroom powder (0.1 mg/mL) including shiitake (S), crimini (C), oyster (O), maitake (M), and white button (WB). Cell monolayers were washed then incubated with medium alone or IL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 6 h. After harvesting, E-selectin expression was determined by ELISA. Data indicate mean optical density (O.D.) ± SEM and are representative of 3-4 experiments each performed in quadruplicate. *p < 0.05 vs. control.
Binding of U937 monocytes
We next analyzed the capacity for pre-loaded U937 monocytes to bind and adhere to human aortic endothelial cells. Pre-incubation with mushrooms reduced adhesion of monocytes to unstimulated HAEC significantly by 23, 44, 50, 55, and 60% for shiitake, crimini, oyster, maitake, and white button mushroom powders, respectively (Fig. 4). Incubation with IL-1β significantly increased monocyte adherence to HAEC by 2.7-fold (Fig. 4). Pre-incubation with crimini, oyster, maitake, and white button significantly reduced U937 adhesion to IL-1β-stimulated HAEC by 18, 18, 16, and 26%, respectively. Pre-incubation with shiitake was not different from control cultures and did not affect binding of monocytes.
Figure 4. Binding of U937 human monocytes to HAEC. HAEC monolayers were incubated overnight with 1% (v/v) DMSO alone (DMSO) or with mushroom powder (0.1 mg/mL) including shiitake (S), crimini (C), oyster (O), maitake (M), and white button (WB). Monolayers were washed then incubated with medium alone or containing IL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 6 h. After washing again to remove IL-1β, fluorescently labeled U937 cells were co-incubated with HAEC for 30 min at 37°C. HAEC monolayers and bound U937 cells were harvested and the total fluorescence was analyzed to determine monocyte binding. Data indicate mean relative fluorescent units (RFU) ± SEM and are resentative of 3-4 experiments each performed in triplicate. *p < 0.05 vs. control.
This study is the first to demonstrate the capacity of whole mushrooms, delivered as DMSO extracts, to reduce adhesion molecule expression with subsequent reductions in human monocyte binding to human aortic endothelial cells. Specifically, we have demonstrated that dietary mushrooms significantly reduced cell surface expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin. Furthermore, there were significant reductions in adhesion of pre-loaded human monocytes to both unstimulated, or quiescent, and pro-inflammatory, cytokine-stimulated HAEC as summarized in Table 2. The health implications are that diverse mushrooms, including common and specialty mushrooms can protect against cardiovascular disease by interfering with events that contribute to atherogenesis.
Table 2. Summary of effects by mushrooms on adhesion molecule expression and monocyte binding
Mushrooms have received marginal attention regarding their potential role in protecting against cardiovascular disease although studies have suggested a protective effect against CVD. For example, powders (5% dry weight) of shiitake, maitake, and Agaricus bisporus significantly decreased plasma cholesterol levels and blood pressure in rats presumably due to the bioactive agent eritadenine [20-22]. Furthermore, dietary oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatum) also elicited a hypocholesterolemic effect and inhibited lipid peroxidation, a process linked to oxidative stress, in rabbits [23,24]. This is in agreement with our results in that white button and crimini (A. bisporus), maitake and oyster significantly reduced AM expression and monocyte binding, which would counter a hypercholesterolemic, or hyperlipidemic, effect. That is, even with elevated plasma levels of lipids, the reduced expression of AM and subsequent inhibition of binding of monocytes would interrupt the atherogenic process. This is further supported by the observation that a 10% (w/w) oyster mushroom diet significantly reduced both the incidence and size of aortic atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits suggesting interaction with physiological and molecular processes of atherogenesis [23,24]. Percario et al. also showed that a natural antioxidant-rich mushroom, Agaricus sylvaticus, could prevent the development of atherosclerosis in an environment of hypercholesterolemia using a rabbit model [25]. Collectively, several studies suggest that dietary mushrooms can inhibit or slow CVD although more research is needed.
In this report, we have demonstrated that both common and specialty mushrooms can modulate processes at the cellular level where AM expression is attenuated and binding of monocytes blunted. Others have identified alternative mechanisms for a potential CVD protective effect by dietary mushrooms. For example, oyster mushrooms (10% of diet) reduced significantly the incidence of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits as well as plaque size by 26% compared to the control group and prevented formation of atheromas, reduced foam cell number, and reduced coronary arterial injury [24]. Other dietary antioxidants (vitamins C, E, and beta carotene) have been shown to reduce lesion area by reducing concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules by 36-61% in mice [26]. This observation is important because soluble AM have been proposed as a critical assessment tool for asymptomatic CVD in high-risk patients [27]. While we did not measure soluble AM in this study, the capacity of the test mushrooms to reduce cell surface expression in HAEC is equally compelling as a protective mechanism. Other proposed mechanisms of cardioprotection in rodents consuming Grifola frondosa, Inonotus obliquus, Antrodia xantha, and Rigidoporus ulmarius include inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activities, inhibition of iNOS via reduced NF-kB binding, and potent antiangiogenesis activity [28-30]. Collectively, the data support the capacity of both exotic and commonly consumed mushrooms to beneficially modulate numerous processes associated with atherogenesis.
We also noted in this study that the three most frequently measured AM including VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin, were reduced singly, collectively, or in various combinations of two after incubation with mushrooms yet binding of monocytes was consistently reduced after incubation with each mushroom extract. Others have shown similar results with different dietary agents using the HAEC cell model, which is a non-transformed primary endothelial cell line. For example, pretreatment of HAEC with a red wine polyphenol extract significantly inhibited oxysterol-induced cell surface expression of adhesion molecules and subsequent adherence of monocytes to monolayers by inhibiting primarily VCAM-1 [31]. Subsequent studies by Naito et al. showed that tocotrienols exerted a similar effect [32]. Dietary consumption of antioxidant polyphenols from avenathramide-enriched mixtures (AEM) derived from oats significantly reduced IL-1β-stimulated VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin expression in HAEC by 50, 20, and 20% respectively, and reduced U937 binding at concentrations as low as 20 μg/mL [33]. Ginkgo biloba extracts reduced both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and adhesion of monocytes to HAEC [34]. In a study using structurally related dietary carotenoids, Martin et al. found that pre-incubation of HAEC with beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene significantly reduced VCAM-1 expression, beta-carotene and lutein significantly reduced E-selectin expression, and beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene significantly reduced the expression of ICAM-1, yet lycopene was the only carotenoid to significantly reduce binding of U937 to HAEC [19]. The antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate selectively inhibited in HUVEC cells VCAM-1 induction, but not ICAM-1, after stimulation with TNF-α and LPS. E-selectin was only partially inhibited after TNF-α incubation [35]. Pretreatment of HUVECs with vitamin E and probucol significantly reduced the expression of VCAM-1 induced by oxidized LDL, but did not reduce expression of ICAM-1 [36]. In contrast, the well recognized antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine and troglitazone, an antidiabetic agent, reduced or completely abolished VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells after pro-oxidant signals including oxidized LDL and TNF-α [37]. Thus, each of the three commonly tested AM can be modulated either singly or in combination by diverse dietary agents and typically at least one, but often more, are inhibited. This suggests that attenuation of at least one AM, without specificity as to which one, may be adequate for inhibition of binding of monocytes but also that there are many other contributors to this process that may not be measured.
It is noteworthy that mushrooms also contain high levels of bioactive agents including polyphenols and the novel antioxidant ergothioneine, which is produced exclusively in mushrooms and some bacteria [38,39]. Dietary polyphenols such as catechin and quercetin have been shown to significantly reduce VCAM-1 expression and binding of monocytes to HAEC and ergothioneine exerts antioxidant activity that may be protective in a pro-inflammatory environment [40-42]. The test mushrooms used in this study have been analyzed and found to contain considerable amounts of both ergothioneine and total polyphenols [43,44]. Moreover, all test mushrooms exhibited significant antioxidant capacities using assays for oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and hydroxyl (HORAC), peroxynitrite (NORAC), and superoxide (SORAC) radical averting capacity. Mushrooms also contain high levels of selenium and copper, essential micronutrients, needed for proper function of antioxidant enzymes, which can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation often found in CVD [45]. It is possible that varying levels of these bioactive agents alone or in combination contributed to the beneficial effects observed.
In conclusion, dietary mushrooms sampled from both common, which are routinely consumed in the United States, and specialty mushrooms interfered with processes critical to atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease. These findings further support the notion that consumption of not only fruits and vegetables, but also dietary fungi, viz., mushrooms, is an important approach to minimizing CVD risk. Moreover, common, readily available and affordable mushrooms such as white button, or Agaricus bisporus, as well as specialty mushrooms including shiitake appear particularly beneficial to health.
Competing interests
The author declares that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
KRM conceived and designed the study, performed the experiments, analyzed samples, gathered data, conducted statistical analyses, and prepared the draft manuscript. The author has read and approved the final manuscript.
This present study was supported jointly by a grant from the Mushroom Council (San Jose, CA, USA) and the Australian Mushroom Growers Association (AMGA) under grant #MU07015 to KRM. We thank Margherita Cantorna, PhD, for providing lyophilized mushroom powders and Karla J. Martin, MS, for comments and suggestions during manuscript preparation. We thank Carol Johnston, PhD, for assistance with statistics.
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- Home
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- Audience Au24 SE interconnects - Award Winning Cables Offer Ultimate Performance & Value.
Audience Au24 SE interconnects - Award Winning Cables Offer Ultimate Performance & Value.
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text: Play Amaya slot machines online with games available for both mobile and PC. Amaya is an e-gaming group that was founded in 2004 that provides high-quality, casino entertainment for play in both fun and real cash mode. Amaya is a presence in North America, Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia – going around the world to step up the standard for online slot machine excitement.


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New Li-Ion Batteries Charge 70 Per Cent in Two Minutes, Last for 20 Years
That means it would charge an entire electric car in just 15 minutes.
That means it would charge an entire electric car in just 15 minutes.
When art and science collide, beautiful things happen.
There are no hospitals in space. The closest A&E is back on Earth, and astronauts can't exactly jump in a cab to get there. So what happens if the sun burps out a massive blast of radiation while an astronaut is space-amblin' by?
What if you could use your phone to test the air for toxins? What if you could monitor your health simply by blowing on it? Sounds amazing, right? Nanosensor technology developed by NASA Ames is going to make that a reality.


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Deep-knap velvet cleaning pad can be used either dry or with record cleaning fluid. Comes with a storage cover, and a soft stylus cleaning brush.
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Barrio Cafe
2814 N. 16th St. (Thomas Rd.) Send to Phone
602-636-0240 | Make Restaurant Reservations | Menu
OpenLunch & Dinner Tues.-Sat., Brunch Sun.
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* Click here for rating key
Check out the 2015 edition of GAYOT's Annual Restaurant Issue, which features the Top 40 Restaurants in the US and more.


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Whites: Season 1, Episode 2
Episode #1.2 (5 Oct. 2010)
TV Episode | | Comedy
Ratings: 7.0/10 from 30 users
Reviews: write review
Bib worships the young television celebrity chef Shay Marshall. Roland thinks he stinks. However when restaurant manager Caroline insists Roland update his monotonous menus and lazy Roland ... See full summary »
Director:David Kerr
Writers:Matt King, Oliver Lansley
Stars:Alan Davies, Darren Boyd, Katherine Parkinson | See full cast and crew »


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Find out all about the life and times of our fleet of three ex-BR mainline diesel locomotives and our ex-ICI EE shunter 'Davy' here.
Our grateful thanks are extended to Martin Corbett, LDG stalwart, former webmaster, loco expert and general all-round good egg for producing the vast majority of this informative section.
Make yourself a brew and enjoy perusing the wealth of information on our loco fleet.


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With the support of health information technology, astute preparation by staff and, yes, even some good old-fashioned luck, hospitals and health systems along Hurricane Sandy's path emerged from the storm relatively unscathed.
Officials at Atlanticare, one of New Jersey's largest healthcare systems, based in Galloway and Atlantic City, N.J., cite early preparation among IT and safety staff as key to surviving this kind of storm.
"I had actually been tracking the weather the week prior," Debra Fox, chief safety office at Atlanticare, tells Healthcare IT News. "Thursday is actually when we initiated our planning and communication to the leadership around beginning to put their operational preparedness plans in place," she adds. This included topping off generator fuel and ensuring that the facility is able to withstand a loss of power.
[See also: After Sandy, help for healthcare infrastructure.]
Christopher Scanzera, vice president and CIO at Atlanticare adds that IT staff communication and responsiveness across the health system was key to keeping things up-and-running.
"We have an IT command center that we opened up, staffed with about a dozen people, and basically the responsibility there is to monitor and respond to any system-related outages," he says. "We had staff in each of the campuses both from a user standpoint and from a technical support standpoint in the event there were any outages that need to be addressed."
Scanzera says that, due to the diligence of staff, there was no interruption of service in 98 of the 100 sites he is responsible for. In the data center, he mentions there was power outage from Monday into Tuesday, but no interruption of service occurred.
"To only to have had to wait 24 or 48 hours to get the last two [sites] back online, given what you see out there in terms of the devastation, I think we're very fortunate," says Scanzera.
Atlanticare's clinical information system, patient financial management system and all the administrative systems were uninterrupted at all points during the storm, he adds.
When asked about whether or not health information exchange is important in a crisis like this, Scanzera says, "Yes and no."
"When you're in the middle of a storm, and you're treating patients emergently, to have access to the information, yes, would be helpful, but really quite frankly, the focus is on treating the patients and moving them through in that emergent situation," he says.
[See also: Sandy hammers Northeast, hospitals hurting in aftermath.]
Officials at Philadelphia, Pa.-based Einstein Healthcare Network also cite staff preparation as a crucial element to survive the storm.


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Myeloma Bone Disease & Multiple Myeloma Causes and Symptoms
Myeloma bone disease or multiple myeloma is a cancer formed by a type of white blood cell called the plasma cell. Since the bone marrow is the site of formation of many blood cell types, it is a common site of involvement in multiple myeloma. Plasma cells are the population responsible for making antibodies. As the disease progresses, the cancerous cells produce large amounts of paraproteins, which cause many of the manifestations of multiple myeloma throughout the body.
Myeloma bone disease or multiple myeloma affects approximately 1-4 people out of every 100,000 and makes up approximately 1% of all cancers, making the disease the most common primary bone malignancy. It is rare to see this disease affect people under the age of 40. For unknown reasons, myeloma bone disease or multiple myeloma is more common in men. It also occurs twice as often in African Americans as it does Caucasians.
Anatomy of the Bone Marrow
Bone marrow is the spongy material inside the bones. There are two types – red and yellow. The yellow bone marrow consists of fatty tissue, while the red bone marrow consists of the following:
- Marrow Stem Cells
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
Bones are complex, and inside each bone is bone marrow, which produces and stores blood cells that are important to the daily functioning of the body. When the bone marrow is compromised by myeloma bone disease or multiple myeloma, it can affect the bone structure, causing the bones to weaken.
Types of Myeloma Bone Disease and Multiple Myeloma
Myeloma bone disease and multiple myeloma can be divided into various stages, depending upon the progression of the disease:
- Solitary plasmacytoma – This is the condition in which a tumor is formed by malignant plasma cells, but no other malignant plasma cells are found elsewhere in the body.
- Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) – Early in the disease spectrum, this condition demonstrates increased paraprotein levels and plasma cell proliferation. While widely considered a premalignant condition, there is a persistent risk of progression to symptomatic myeloma.
- Asymptomatic myeloma – While more advanced than MGUS, asymptomatic myeloma patients do not exhibit signs of organ damage from the disease.
- Symptomatic – This is the active form of myeloma bone disease and multiple myeloma and can lead to multiple tumors called plasmacytomas, which are formed by many cancerous cells. This type of myeloma is characterized by the presence of organ damage, most commonly to the bone.
Causes of Myeloma Bone Disease and Multiple Myeloma
Although the causes of myeloma bone disease and multiple myeloma are relatively unknown, there are several factors that increase a person's risk for contracting that first cancerous plasma cell that can set the disease in motion:
- Genetic abnormalities – While the specifics about this are still being researched, it is known that every case of myeloma includes the patient experiencing at least some genetic abnormalities. These include defects in chromosomes 13, 14 and 17. Significant evidence suggests that the type of genetic alteration may have prognostic importance.
- MGUS – Monoclonal gammopathy of undeteremined significance is now recognized as a precursor to multiple myeloma. Though not all patients will progress to symptomatic myeloma, nearly all cases of symptomatic myeloma were preceded by MGUS.
Symptoms of Myeloma Bone Disease and Multiple Myeloma
Depending on the type of myeloma bone disease and multiple myeloma, symptoms vary. With the more aggressive forms of myeloma, the symptoms seen are fairly extensive.
The following are some of the most common myeloma bone disease and multiple myeloma symptoms. Every person is different, so not all of these symptoms may be present:
- Bone pain, especially in the ribs and back
- Bone fractures
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Frequent infections
Myeloma bone disease and multiple myeloma symptoms are very similar to the symptoms of other medical conditions. Seek help from a doctor if you have any of these symptoms or think you may be at risk of having myeloma bone disease or multiple myeloma.
The multidisciplinary team of orthopaedic experts at North Shore-LIJ Orthopaedic Institute's musculoskeletal oncology services in New York treats myeloma bone disease/multiple myeloma as well as a broad range of conditions that affect the bones within the body.


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Mr. and Mrs. Austin Jennings were on hand at Charter Night with the Murfreesboro Noon Lions Club. Mr. Jennings was speaker for the event.
- Filed Under
On Sept. 5, Murfreesboro Noon Lions Club hosted Charter Night in honor of Middle Tennessee State University Campus Lions Club.
Charter Night is a special evening celebrating the beginning of a new Lions Club. During the event, the new club was presented its charter and Lions from the surrounding areas appeared and showed their support.
Chancellor Robert Corlew, a second vice international presidential candidate, created the vision for this new club and is responsible for its birth.
Austin Jennings, past international president of the Lions Club International, was speaker for the evening.


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Two Alamogordo women face child abuse charges following a welfare check at an Alamogordo residence, which was found to be in "deplorable" conditions, according to a police spokesman.
One of the four children who live at the house was also allegedly struck in the face, leaving a bruise, according to Otero County Magistrate Court records obtained by the Daily News.
Angel Baca, 26, — the mother of three of the children — and Ana Hurtado, 50, —the mother of one of the children — are each charged with four counts of third-degree felony abandonment or abuse of a child.
Baca was jailed at the Otero County Detention Center in lieu of a $60,000 no-10 percent bond pending her appearance in court.
All seven of Baca's children and Hurtado's child were taken by Children, Youth and Families Department and placed foster care, Sgt. Roger Schoolcraft said.
Police allege that Baca allowed three of her seven children to stay at their grandmother Hurtado's residence, which was found to be filthy. Baca is also charged with striking one of the children in the face, leaving a bruise, court records show.
Hurtado is charged with four counts of child abuse for allegedly allowing three of her grandchildren and one of her own children to live in the home, according to court records.
Schoolcraft said that about March 5, during a welfare check of a residence in the 2400 block of Byrd Avenue, police found deplorable conditions inside the home.
"There was no running water," Schoolcraft said. "Feces was found in the toilet. There was animal feces on the floor. The house was deplorable."
He said there were sharp objects readily accessible by children and hazardous chemicals on the floor.
"The windows were broken out and hadn't been repaired, basically exposing the children to the inclement weather," Schoolcraft said. "There wasn't any bedding on the beds."
According to court records, Hurtado allegedly told detectives that the house has not had running water for several weeks and several ducks were inside the home.
Schoolcraft said based on the condition of the house, a warrant was issued for Baca, the mother of the children. She was arrested Tuesday.
Schoolcraft said Hurtado had not been arrested as of Wednesday evening, but she has been charged in the case.


text:
Here we go again Jets fans. The Jets managed to go to Oakland and find a way to lose to a 1-4 Raiders team, a team that quit for their interim coach last week in New Orleans. A team that was ripe for the picking. The Jets forgot to show up. With the exception of the Jets running game, the rest of the team took a week off in week 7.
Let's start with the offense. What happened to Brett Favre. Last week against the Bengals, he did not have a great game by his standards, but he managed the game and got a win. This week you would think he would have a bounce back week against a sub-par team. Not so much. Favre was 21/38 for a 197 yards and 2 interceptions. He was just not able to get into a groove yesterday. The Raiders did a good job of taking away the deep threats, leaving Favre to look over the middle for open receivers. Chris Baker had a great opening drive for the Jets with 4 receptions and then disappeared, having only one reception after that. He led the team with 5 catches. Favre now has 4 interceptions in the last 2 games with 1 TD pass. We all know what you get with Brett, but you would think with the teams the Jets have played the last 2 weeks (Bengals, Raiders), he would have more TD's then picks. On a positive note, the Jets running game finally showed up. Thomas Jones had his best running game for the Jets, running for 159 yards on 24 carries. He also managed some long runs as well, busting one run for 31 yards and another for 20 yards. This is something the Jets have been lacking from Jones, big gains from the backfield. As a team the Jets ran for 242 yards, their best performance in recent memory.
Defensively, the Jets had two sides as well. The rushing defense, which was third in the league giving up 69 yards per game, got lit up for 153 yards, their worst performance of the season so far. The Jets, who are one of the league leaders in sacks as well, were only able to manage to sack JaMarcus Russell one time. The Jets were just not able to get enough pressure on the young quarterback yesterday. The defense did keep him in check for the most part until the game got to overtime. Russell was able to get two big plays in OT that sealed the game for the Raiders. On the Raiders third drive of OT, Russell was able to hit Javon Walker for a 16 yard gain and Zach Miller for a 27 year gain, that set up the game winning field goal. Kerry Rhodes went in on a safety blitz and was clipped buy his own teammate on the way in, allowing Russell to hit Miller on a 27 yard pass to get inside the Jets 40 yard line. This allowed Sebastian Janikowski to hit a career best 57 yard field goal in OT to give the Raiders the win.
This was a tough one to swallow. This game was a must win for the Jets, who have a tougher part of their schedule quickly approaching. Favre needs to cut down on the mistakes and get this team in the end zone more. This is why the Jets got him, to win these kinds of games. The good news is the running game finally took off, but that was about the only highlight for Gang Green this week. The Chiefs come into town this weekend in what has turned out to be a must win for the Jets. A win will put them over .500 when the head up to Buffalo in 2 weeks. As long as Brett Favre is back there, I have faith that they will pull this together and sting together some big wins the next few weeks. But is has to start on Sunday against Kansas City. Otherwise, this season will be like many others in the past. With the Jets on vacation come January.


text:
201 KAR 1:050. License application.
RELATES TO: 2006 Ky. Acts ch. 33, KRS 325.261, 325.280, 325.330
NECESSITY, FUNCTION, AND CONFORMITY: KRS 325.261 establishes the standards for licensure as a certified public accountant. KRS 325.280 establishes the standards for licensure as a certified public accountant by reciprocity. KRS 325.330 establishes the process for issuing a license. This administrative regulation describes the procedure to obtain a license as a certified public accountant.
Section 1. (1) A person who has met the qualifications contained in KRS 325.261 shall submit the "Application for Initial License as a Kentucky Certified Public Accountant".
(2) With his or her application, the person shall include:
(a) A check or money order, which is nonrefundable, made payable to the "Kentucky State Board of Accountancy" for $100;
(b) The certificate of experience as described in 201 KAR 1:063;
(c) One (1) photograph taken within ninety (90) days preceding the application, the back of which shall contain the signature in ink of the applicant;
(d) A list of colleges and universities with graduation dates, degrees awarded, and the official transcript described in 201 KAR 1:190, unless it is already in possession of the board;
(e) An official transcript as described in 201 KAR 1:190 from an accredited college or university as described in 201 KAR 1:190 which verifies the candidate has satisfied the 150-hour requirement of KRS 325.261
(f) Proof of successful completion of the Uniform Certified Public Accountants Examination. If the applicant successfully completed the examination in Kentucky, no documentation is required. If the examination was successfully completed in another jurisdiction, the applicant shall have an "Authorization of Interstate Exchange of Information" submitted to the board on his or her behalf; and
(g) If the applicant is not a citizen of the United States:
1. Documentation from the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, or its successor, to verify the person is legally residing in the United States; or
2. Documentation from the employer that verifies the person is an employee of a public accounting firm, company, or institution of postsecondary education located outside the United States, but also has an office or campus located in the United States.
Section 2. License by Reciprocity. (1) An applicant for a license by reciprocity shall submit or cause to have submitted:
(a) An "Application for License as a Kentucky Certified Public Accountant by Reciprocity";
(b) Payment of the fee and other documents required by Section 1(2) of this administrative regulation, except for an official transcript; and
(c) An "Authorization for Interstate Exchange of Information", form completed by the licensing jurisdiction where the applicant holds a valid and active license to practice.
(2) If the applicant cannot provide the certificate of experience as required in Section 1 of this administrative regulation; and:
(a) Is applying under the provisions of KRS 325.280(1)(c)1, the applicant shall have the licensing jurisdiction where he or she holds a valid and active license send certified copies of experience requirement documents from his or her license file; or
(b) Is applying under the provisions of KRS 325.280(1)(c)2, he or she shall submit or cause to have submitted one (1) of the following documents which clearly reflects that the applicant has practiced public accounting as a full-time profession for four (4) of the last ten (10) years:
1. Proof of public accounting errors and omissions insurance;
2. A letter from an attorney, client, or certified public accountant that has knowledge of the applicant's practice;
3. Copies of firm license applications; or
4. Copies of personal tax returns.
Section 3. Incorporation by Reference. (1) The following material is incorporated by reference:
(a) "Application for Initial License as a Kentucky Certified Public Accountant (2006)";
(b) "Application for Licenses as a Kentucky Certified Public Accountant by Reciprocity (2005)"; and
(c) "Authorization for Interstate Exchange of Information, (2005)".
(2) This material may be inspected, copied, or obtained, subject to applicable copyright law, at the State Board of Accountancy, 332 W. Broadway, Suite 310, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. (SBA-2-E; 1 Ky.R. 1010; eff. 6-11-75; Am. 3 Ky.R. 441; eff. 1-5-75; 9 Ky.R. 594; eff. 12-1-82; 11 Ky.R. 1433; eff. 5-14-85; 18 Ky.R. 2975; eff. 6-7-92; 20 Ky.R. 3210; eff. 8-4-94; 27 Ky.R. 585; eff. 10-26-2000; 31 Ky.R. 1526; eff. 5-26-05; 32 Ky.R. 2062; 33 Ky.R. 380; eff. 9-1-06.)


text:
The influence of habitat heterogeneity on freshwater bacterial community composition and dynamics
Article first published online: 23 JAN 2008
DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01527.x
© 2008 The Authors
Environmental Microbiology
Volume 10, Issue 4, pages 1057–1067, April 2008
Additional Information
How to Cite
Shade, A., Jones, S. E. and McMahon, K. D. (2008), The influence of habitat heterogeneity on freshwater bacterial community composition and dynamics. Environmental Microbiology, 10: 1057–1067. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01527.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 30 JAN 2008
- Article first published online: 23 JAN 2008
- Received 3 July, 2007; accepted 11 November, 2007.
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Multiple forces structure natural microbial communities, but the relative roles and interactions of these drivers are poorly understood. Gradients of physical and chemical parameters can be especially influential. In traditional ecological theory, variability in environmental conditions across space and time represents habitat heterogeneity, which may shape communities. Here we used aquatic microbial communities as a model to investigate the relationship between habitat heterogeneity and community composition and dynamics. We defined spatial habitat heterogeneity as vertical temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) gradients in the water column, and temporal habitat heterogeneity as variation throughout the open-water season in these environmental parameters. Seasonal lake mixing events contribute to temporal habitat heterogeneity by destroying and re-creating these gradients. Because of this, we selected three lakes along a range of annual mixing frequency (polymictic, dimictic, meromictic) for our study. We found that bacterial community composition (BCC) was distinct between the epilimnion and hypolimnion within stratified lakes, and also more variable within the epilimnia through time. We found stark differences in patterns of epilimnion and hypolimnion dynamics over time and across lakes, suggesting that specific drivers have distinct relative importance for each community.


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Chaudière Falls
The Chaudière Falls are a set of cascades and waterfall in the centre of the Ottawa-Gatineau metropolitan area in Canada where the Ottawa River narrows between a rocky escarpment on both sides of the river. The location is just west of the Chaudière Bridge, northwest of the Canadian War Museum at LeBreton Flats and south of the E.B. Eddy complex. The islands at Chaudière Falls are Chaudière Island immediately to the east and Victoria Island east of that. The falls are about 60 metres (200 ft) wide and drop 15 metres (49 ft). The area around the falls was once heavily industrialized, especially in the 19th century, and provided a significant contribution to the growth of the surrounding cities.
The name of the falls comes from the French Chutes de la Chaudière, meaning "Cauldron Falls", historically translated as "Kettle Falls". The shape of the falls before its development resembled a large kettle, better known to today's English speakers as a cauldron.
The damming of the river and the presence of industry have greatly altered the waterfall's appearance, especially in the summer when the Ottawa River is low. Then the falls all but disappear because the water is diverted to power stations. The development also greatly limits the locations from which to view the falls.
Exploration and the fur trade[edit]
Samuel de Champlain is the first recorded European to label the falls, chaudière, (which the English for a time would call 'Big Kettle')[1] during his 1613 voyage along the Ottawa River. Champlain describes in his journal on June 14, 1613,
- At one place the water falls with such violence upon a rock, that, in the course of time, there has been hollowed out in it a wide and deep basin, so that the water flows round and round there and makes, in the middle, great whirlpools. Hence, the savages call it Asticou, which means kettle. This waterfall makes such a noise that it can be heard for more than two leagues off.[2]
In the days of the fur trade, the Chaudière Falls were an obstacle along the Ottawa River trade route. Canoes were portaged around the falls at the present day site of downtown Hull, Quebec.
Permanent settlement[edit]
The arrival of Philemon Wright to this area in 1800 marked the start of the development of the city of Hull. In 1827, the region's first bridge, a span of the Union Bridge was built close to the falls.[3] When the logging industry began in this area and farther upstream, the falls were also an obstacle for log driving. In 1829, Ruggles Wright (son of Philemon Wright) built the first timber slide, allowing logs and timber rafts to bypass the falls along the north shore. In 1836, George Buchannan built a slide for cribs between Victoria and Chaudière Islands (on the south side of the river) which later became a major tourist attraction where King Edward VII (then Prince Albert of Wales) in 1860, and the future George V in 1901 both experienced the thrill of "shooting the slides".[4]
Also in the 19th century, some of Canada's largest sawmills were located near the falls. Notable lumber barons in this area were Henry Franklin Bronson and John Rudolphus Booth.
Since then, all the islands and shores at the Chaudière Falls have been developed and the river's flow and drop have long been harnessed to operate paper mills and power stations. In 1910, the ring dam that diverts water to the power stations was built.[5] The E. B. Eddy Company used to operate the paper mills (operation stopped in 2007) and both Hydro Ottawa and Hydro-Québec operate run-of-the-river hydro-electric generating stations at the falls.
Victoria Island[edit]
Victoria Island (45°25′16″N 75°42′44″W / 45.421151°N 75.712228°W) is located in Ontario between Ottawa and Gatineau on the Ottawa River, where it narrows near the Canadian War Museum at LeBreton Flats. The island is accessible via the Chaudière Bridge, which connects Ottawa's Booth Street to Rue Eddy in Gatineau; the Portage Bridge connecting the two cities passes over. The landform had been used by First Nations people for centuries and named by them as Asinabka (Place of Glare Rock). According to archaeological evidence, this site was the centre of convergence for trade and spiritual and cultural exchange. Its position—at the meeting place of three rivers and perched on a rocky point overlooking fast-moving water—gave it special meaning.[6] It is currently part of an area administered by the National Capital Commission. The island contains an indigenous centre, which has the history of the First Nations people, a tour, traditional dance, a cafe, and a First Nations craft workshop.[7] In 2012, it was selected as the site of Attawapiskat Chief Theresa Spence's protest, due to its proximity to Parliament Hill and its significance to Aboriginal peoples.[8]
Inspired by Algonquin leader Grandfather William Commanda's vision of a Circle of All Nations and the 8th Fire Prophecy, world-renowned architect Douglas Cardinal has designed an Aboriginal healing and international peacekeeping centre on the site.
Victoria Island contains the following buildings: Aboriginal Experiences Centre, the Ottawa Electric Railway Company Steam Plant, the Bronson Company Office, No. 4 Generating Station, the Wilson Carbide Mill and Ottawa Hydro Generating Station #2.
Hydroelectric power generation[edit]
Centrale Hull 2[edit]
Centrale Hull 2 is a 27 MW 4-turbine hydroelectric generating station on the Ottawa River on the Gatineau (Hull) side of the Chaudière Falls (45°25′17″N 75°43′11″W / 45.42143°N 75.719728°W). It is owned by Hydro-Québec that lists its type as run-of-the-river and its commission date as 1920-1969.[9] Its reservoir capacity is 4 million cubic metres (140 million cubic feet).[10]
The station was originally built in 1912-1913 for the Gatineau Power Company by William Kennedy Jr. but did not begin operating until 1920, following World War I, when it had two turbines in operation. A third turbine was added in 1923. In 1965, Gatineau Power was sold to Hydro-Québec, which added a fourth turbine in 1968.[11]
Chaudière Falls Generating Stations[edit]
Hydro Ottawa operates two run-of-the-river hydroelectric generating stations without a dam. Generating Station 2 was built in 1891 and is leased from the National Capital Commission. Generating Station No. 4 was built in 1900 and is operated on land owned by the Government of Canada. The combined output is around 110 GWh per year.[12]
The stations were refurbished in the 2000s, including a small capacity increase in 2007. Starting in 2015, the generating capacity of stations will be expanded from 29 to 58 MW.[5]
- ^ Haig 1975, pp. 42.
- ^ Woods 1980, pp. 6.
- ^ Mika 1982.
- ^ Mika 1982, pp. 121,122.
- ^ a b Willems, Steph (March 13, 2014). "Chaudiere Falls hydro generating station to expand". Ottawa West News EMC. p. 7.
- ^ http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/House/ReportToCanadians/2008/HOC_RTC2008_E.pdf
- ^ Fodor's Travel 2008.
- ^ http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/12/28/health-minister-b-c-chief-urge-theresa-spence-to-end-hunger-strike-as-idle-no-more-protests-continue/
- ^ http://www.hydroquebec.com/generation/centrale-hydroelectrique.html
- ^ http://www.cehq.gouv.qc.ca/barrages/detail.asp?no_mef_lieu=X0002844
- ^ http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/hull/rw_29_ie.shtml
- ^ http://www.energyottawa.com/forms/index.cfm?dsp=template&act=view3&template_id=152&lang=e
- Fodor's Travel (2008), Fodor's Canada, 29th Edition, Fodor's Travel, ISBN 978-1-4000-0734-9
- Haig, Robert (1975), Ottawa: City of the Big Ears, Ottawa: Haig and Haig Publishing Co., OCLC 9184321
- Mika, Nick & Helma (1982), Bytown: The Early Days of Ottawa, Belleville, Ont: Mika Publishing Company, ISBN 0-919303-60-9
- Woods, Shirley E. Jr. (1980), Ottawa: The Capital of Canada, Toronto: Doubleday Canada, ISBN 0-385-14722-8
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chaudière Falls.
- http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-ChaudierFa.html
- Hydro Ottawa power stations on the Ottawa River
- Hydro-Québec Hull power station
- Flickr Group for the Chaudière Falls photos
Coordinates: 45°25′14″N 75°43′20″W / 45.42056°N 75.72222°W


text:
Requirements for an Accelerated Bachelor's and Master's Degree:
B.A./B.S. in Kinesiology/M.Ed. in Kinesiology (EC-12 Physical Education Teacher Certification)
> Academics > College
of Education > Accelerated Bachelor's and Master's Degree Program > Degree Requirements
Natural Science (1000 or 2000 level courses only)
RELI 1301, 1302, and three additional semester hours depending on semester hours transferred at time of initial enrollment
Social Sciences (1000 or 2000 level courses only)
III. Electives
Clinical Teaching
Total Accelerated B.A./B.S. Kinesiology/M.Ed. in Kinesiology Credit Hours
Note: Degree plan subject to adjustment as state policy changes.
(S-L) = Course(s) with field-based service-learning component.
[Back to Top of
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- Meet the Faculty
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Accelerated Bachelor's and Master's Degree Programs:
Contact the College of
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text:
Apple City Hotel, Berlin
- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 48 smoke-free guestrooms
- Bar/lounge
- Terrace
- Meeting room
- Multilingual staff
- Luggage storage
- Tour/ticket assistance
What's around
- In Mitte
- Reichstag Building (1.8 mi / 3 km)
- Victory Column (1.4 mi / 2.2 km)
- Berlin Zoo (1.7 mi / 2.7 km)
The room i got didnt look like the picture in the site it was much much smaller, almost…
Basic but clean, good breakfast. Needed tea and coffee facilities in room. Lack of…
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: 1800-687-236 (Australia Toll Free)from A$68
- Standard Single Room
- Comfort Double Room
- Comfort Single Room
- Triple Room
- Standard Double Room
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At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 48 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 5 floors
- 24-hour check-in
- Check-out time is 11 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets allowed *
- Restrictions apply *
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- No parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
- Resort fee included
Nearby Three Star Berlin hotels
In the hotel
- Breakfast (surcharge)
- Bar/lounge
- One meeting room
- Tours/ticket assistance
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- Elevator/lift
- Terrace
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Hair dryer
- Flat-screen TV
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
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Also known as
- Apple City Berlin
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Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
The city of Berlin imposes a city tax of 5%. Business travelers with proof of business-related travel are exempt from this tax. Guests can contact the property using the information contained in the confirmation received after booking.
The charges below are included in the total price displayed:
- Resort fee
Optional extras
Breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 8 per person (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 5 per pet, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


text:
Of heaven
Deliver me in a black-winged bird
I think of flying down into a sea of pens and feathers
And all other instruments of faith and sex and God
In the belly of a black-winged bird.
Don't try to feed me
I've been here before
And I deserve a little more
I belong in the service of the Queen
I belong anywhere but in between
She's been crying and I've been thinking
And I am the Rain King
everyone seems to be migrating to perth,is that aussie for perfect?
Currently listening.
I live in Perth........but I'm currently in New Plymouth, NZ for work and its a beautiful day.
As Zazz will confirm, Perth had a 43 Degree day, the other day.
Bloody hot!!
Keep up the good work guys and girls.


text:
Adrian Beltre returns to Rangers lineup and third base
SEATTLE – The Rangers have not given an update on Adrian Beltre's gastrointestinal illness diagnosis, but he has rejoined the team and is back in the lineup for Saturday's game at Seattle, which begins at 8:10 CT. Beltre will also be playing third base for the first time this week.
As reported Friday, OF Josh Hamilton will miss the Seattle series while visiting doctors and being evaluated for blurred vision issues.
The Rangers' full lineup for Saturday: 2B Ian Kinsler, SS Elvis Andrus, DH Michael Young, 3B Adrian Beltre, RF Nelson Cruz, LF David Murphy, C Mike Napoli, 1B Mitch Moreland, CF Craig Gentry. LHP Matt Harrison is starting for the Rangers.


text:
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October 19, 2013
The table-topping DHL Western Province Under-21 team suffered a major scare in their Absa Provincial Under-21 semifinal, before edging out the Golden Lions by 44-41 in extra-time at DHL Newlands.
The visiting Golden Lions Under-21s, beaten twice already this season Province, led 20-19 at half-time but the WP Juniors looked
to have the game sewn up going into the final 15 minutes when they led 34-20.
However, the Lions staged a spirited fightback to take the game into extra-time, with the scores tied at 34-34 after regulation time – WP having won the try battle after 80 minutes by five to four and, eventually, by six to five after a total of 100 minutes of rugby.
Replacement WP Under-21 flanker Eital Bredenkamp scored his team's first points of extra-time, a try from a powerful rolling maul, before Swiel landed a penalty in the second half of extra-time to make the game safe.
The Lions, as they did at the end of regulation time, scored deep into 'extra' extra-time but the home side had done enough to, deservedly, progress to the 2013 Final.
Swiel, the leading points-scorer in the Provincial U21 tournament this season, contributed 19 points (one try, four conversions and two penalties), with WP's other tries coming from hooker Michael Willemse, fullback Dillyn Leyds, right-wing Craig Barry and Bredenkamp who scored twice.
The DHL WP Under-21s qualified for a home semifinal after winning 11 from 12 matches in the regular season, which saw them pick up 54 log points – 13 points ahead of their nearest challengers in second place. In the process, the Province Under-21s scored a massive 478 points and conceded just 193.
However, the team suffered some injury blows in their final league match in Durban last week, which saw coach John Dobson make nine changes – three of them positional – ahead of today's knockout match.
WP, however, showed a lot of guts to keep their title hopes alive and will take on the Bulls in next weekend's final – a repeat of last year's season finale.
The DHL Western Province Under-21 scorers:
Tries: Willemse, Leyds, Barry, Swiel, Bredenkamp 2
Cons: Swiel 4
Pens: Swiel 2
The DHL Western Province Under-21 team (v Lions): 15 Dillyn Leyds, 14 Craig Barry, 13 Johnny Kotze, 12 Pat Howard, 11 Devon Williams, 10 Tim Swiel, 9 Godlen Masimla, 8 Sikhumbuzo Notshe, 7 Josh Katzen (captain), 6 Justin Benn, 5 Ruan Botha, 4 Jean Kleyn, 3 Entienne Swanepoel, 2 Michael Willemse, 1 Justin Ackerman.
Replacements: 16 Stephan Coetzee, 17 Deacon Chowles, 18 Carel du Preez, 19 Eital Bredenkamp, 20 Jean Nel, 21 JP Lewis, 22 Janco Gunter.
Referee: Jaco van Heerden
* The views expressed in the comments below are those of the comment writers alone. They do not represent the views or opinions of the DHL Stormers or its staff, nor do they represent the views or opinions of any entity of, or affiliated with, the DHL Stormers. Comments are automatically posted live; however, the DHL Stormers reserve the right to take down any comments at any time.
At the 24th annual General Council meeting of the Western Province Rugby Football Union (WPRFU) held at DHL Newlands Rugby Stadium on Monday, November 30 (2015), the General Council voted in the following Executive Committee...
Western Province Rugby has agreed terms with the Rugby Football Union which will see Eddie Jones depart to take on an international coaching post with England.
Western Province Rugby would like to extend its condolences to the family of legendary former WP and Springbok centre John Gainsford, who passed away on Wednesday, November 18 (2015).


text:
Sugar Bowl | Louisville football's Teddy Bridgewater better than Johnny Manziel, Gator says
Dec. 30, 2012
Louisville, Kentucky • Southern Indiana
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