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President's Remarks
42nd Convocation
Griffin Chapel
September 5, 2001
Welcome: Trustees, faculty, students, fellow staff members, ASPEC members, and guests: Welcome to this 42nd convocation opening the academic year at Eckerd College.
We do not have to be Latin majors to know that a convocation is a calling together, in this case, of an academic community, to begin the academic year together - with some shared reflections, goals, and ideas.
The focus of my remarks today will be largely directed to why we are engaged in the great adventure of Eckerd College, rather than how we expect to pursue the next chapter of our enterprise together. We will begin the discussion of immediate plans and challenges with faculty and staff in the coming weeks.
This convocation, coming as it does at the beginning of a new chapter in the short, mostly happy, if impecunious, life of Eckerd College, is particularly important, perhaps even crucial, for our College community. It is emphatically a time to come together, to celebrate accomplishments, to define what we stand for, and to begin to write a new chapter of service to students and to civilization.
As Alexander Pope taught us in the "Essay on Man," all human and institutional fortunes are fragile, hanging by a thread of fate, and Eckerd's fortunes, never truly secure, have seemed especially fragile in the past year or so.
The Eckerd community, though, and here I credit all, but am thinking particularly of the faculty, staff and trustees - the Eckerd community has shown over the past year that the fundamental test of character is now, as it always has been, not what you do when things are going your way, but how you respond to setbacks, hardship and defeat. As Hemingway wrote in A Farewell to Arms of the shattering devastation of World War I, "The world breaks everyone, and afterward many are strong at the broken places." Slowly, almost imperceptibly, the Eckerd College community is becoming, as a result of its response to its setbacks, strong at the broken places: Students have shown uncommon loyalty to the faculty who are, by all accounts, devoted to their education and well-being; faculty have shown the resolve not only to rethink and streamline but also to improve and enrich the unique academic culture that has developed here in little more than a generation; staff have stayed the course, pressing on to serve and support faculty and students and each other in troubled times; and trustees have responded heroically to their challenge of leadership, contributing time and energy at unprecedented levels, and writing checks that hurt, recognizing that the ultimate responsibility for Eckerd College is theirs. I know of no other instance of such faithfulness in the history of American higher education.
I have spoken often over the past six months about the extraordinary story these institutional commitments tell: This is a story that shows strength, not weakness; determination, not defeat; and spirit, not surrender. Let mine be the voice that says to each of you who has worked and cared and prayed for Eckerd College over the past year, on behalf of the great numbers of alumni and others who love this College, thank you! Thank you, in these challenging times, for your labor, your loyalty and your love. Thank you. Those who cut the grass and fix the food, thank you; those who clean the buildings and those who repair them, thank you. Those who teach and coach and type and file, those who raise the money and those who count it, thank you! All who care for Eckerd College, and many who care simply for educational excellence, are truly grateful.
And why is it, some might ask, some who are unfamiliar with the Eckerd experience, why is it so important to sustain this College? Why all the fuss over a small, private, church-related liberal arts college located in a state known more for its devotion to hedonism than to the humanities? Why should anyone really care about the fate and future of Eckerd College? Why do so many students, alumni and others love this place?
The answer, I believe, is to be found in an understanding of the unique mission and character of Eckerd.
The mission of Eckerd College is to enable our graduates to bring the resources of a trained mind and imagination to the complex tasks and challenges of our contemporary world; it is, in fact, to provide our students with the tools to be free men and women, recognizing as we do that freedom, and its cousin, liberty, are earned every day by individual circumspection; our mission is, in short, to teach undergraduates to think, to imagine and to believe. As Northrop Frye put it in his magisterial and unexcelled Anatomy of Criticism, "At the center of liberal education, something surely ought to get liberated!"
There are, as I see it, five fundamental values, five pedagogical strategies, embedded in the Eckerd experience, by which this College prepares its students for world citizenship, and for freedom, in the 21st Century.
First, Eckerd is one of the few colleges in America that still regards residential life, which has been the hallmark of a college or university experience of the highest quality for nearly a thousand years, as an essential part of an undergraduate education. The very idea that a first-rate college education can be offered to or earned by traditional-aged students who are not living where and with whom they are learning is a recent and wholly suspect notion.
Second, recognizing and valuing the plurality of the contemporary world, Eckerd endorses in all of its programs the inclusivity of national and international cultures. Few colleges or universities in America have a higher percentage of international students, or a higher percentage of their student bodies that study abroad during the undergraduate years. Eckerd's students come from 49 states and 60 countries and their families from nearly every walk of life on the planet. (The missing state, by the way, is North Dakota, and Dean Hallin is planning a full-scale recruiting invasion of North Dakota this Fall...!)
Third, Eckerd stands proudly for its relationship with the Presbyterian Church in order, as Eckerd's own Charter puts it, "To give the Christian faith a vigorous and fair hearing in a setting where students are free to accept or reject but not ignore it." Most of you know that the greatest and most venerable of America's colleges were inaugurated as Christian church-related schools: Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Brown, Penn and many others. In the intervening centuries they have become, like so much of modern life, secular in all but historical reference. I don't know what Eckerd College will be like in 325 years when it is as old as Harvard is today, but, for now, I am proud that it is passionate in ways few colleges still are, passionate in ways all good colleges were not very long ago, about what the complete college experience should do, indeed must do, for its students. That experience, Eckerd argues, must demand powerful, challenging encounters with life's primary questions, and foremost among these are the questions of religion, of spirit, of faith.
Fourth, many in the Eckerd community are passionately engaged in study and scholarship that illustrate and reveal that some of the most pressing social, economic, political and moral issues of this new century have to do with the environment; our location here on the tip of the Pinellas peninsula, on the very shore of a principal bay of the Gulf of Mexico, especially enriches our focus on the marine and estuarial ecology of the global environment.
And finally, most importantly, Eckerd's greatest strength, its primary and fundamental characteristic, is the great omission in most institutions of higher education in America, the thing most often lamented and striven for while also the most frequently absent. It is the personal relationship between teacher and student at Eckerd College. It is what causes a Literature professor on his way to lunch to go over to a Marine Sciences professor in the cafeteria to ask how a particular student did on her term paper. That the faculty members would know each other is alone surprising to someone who, like me, has spent his professional life in large research universities; that they would both know and care about the academic progress of a particular undergraduate student is a revelation. This kind of personal attention and concern for undergraduates is the missing element in nearly all of American higher education now, and it is, simply, the glory of Eckerd College. It is this that you students will most enjoy while you are here and most remember and revere after you leave.
Residential, global, spiritual, environmental, personal: These are the values of Eckerd College. They may be, in the intensity of their combination here in this place, unique. These are values, we believe, that in this 21st Century of the Common Era, engender freedom; and they engender the personal freedom not to live a wholly secular life. A wholly secular life is defined by the distinguished theologian Stanley Hauerwas as "just one damned thing after another"; in other words, a life without teleology, without shape or purpose; ultimately, a life without meaning.
Eckerd College's mission, let me say again, is to teach its students to think, to imagine and to believe, in order for them to live as free men and women.
The great American poet, Robert Frost, says belief is "knowledge that one cannot prove. It has a kind of power, a power like foreknowledge, that believes itself into being."
Love is like that, he says: The belief in someone else, "a relationship of two that is going to be believed into fulfillment."
Art is also like that: When we write a poem, or a story, or a symphony, it is written by belief; it is believed into existence.
The disciplines of the liberal arts educate the intellect, the imagination, and the faculty of belief. Such an education dispenses with the easy cliche of believing in the future. Instead, it empowers its students, in Frost's words, "to believe the future in."
That is what we resolve to do as we come together, on this convocation day: We all - faculty, staff, students, alumni, trustees, and friends - we must all believe the future in for Eckerd College, and in so doing we will transform it as we are transformed by it.
Eckerd's very survival for four decades and more is a remarkable story; and its national reputation as a first-rate academic institution, established in an incredibly short time, is even more remarkable. The College's extraordinarily innovative structures, such as the "all faculty" teaching approach to the core curriculum, the core curriculum itself, Autumn Term, Winter Term, the Academy of Senior Professionals, and the Program for Experienced Learners are, among others, nationally respected and increasingly imitated.
Eckerd College can become, has all the potential to become, one of the leading colleges in America. It may take a generation or two; it will take strong leadership and good management, professional and volunteer; it will take continued hard and imaginative work and dedication by the faculty; and it will take generous, exceedingly generous, philanthropy from our alumni and friends. It will take, I think, focusing and strengthening several key programs, including those that explore matters of the spirit and psyche, building on our special relationship with the Presbyterian Church. In this new century, the truly great institutions of higher education will not be those content to churn out, in today's familiar jargon, "an educated workforce," but those whose task it is to educate the imagination and the spirit.
In this connection, I am reminded of the story of Cornell professor of physics and Nobel prizewinner Robert Wilson, who was testifying before Congress in the late 1960s on the value of a new atomic accelerator for which he and his colleagues were trying to obtain federal funding.
Wilson was asked by Rhode Island Senator John Pastore: "Is there anything connected with the hopes of this accelerator that in any way involves the security of this country?"
Professor Wilson replied: "No sir, I do not believe so."
Senator Pastore: "Nothing at all?"
Professor Wilson: "Nothing at all."
Senator Pastore: "It has no value in that respect?"
To which Professor Wilson finally replied: "It has only to do with the respect with which we regard one another, the dignity of men, our love of culture. It has to do with those things. It has to do with are we good painters, good sculptors, great poets. I mean all the things we really venerate and honor in our country and are patriotic about. It has nothing to do directly with defending our country ... except to make it worth defending."
I have been reading Visions of Eden, a book published in 1997 about planning and the failure of planning in St. Petersburg over the past century. It is a painful story to read, and there aren't a lot of heroes in it, though William Straub, publisher of the St. Petersburg Times in the early decades of the 20th Century, is one.
What I take away from Visions of Eden is that at least since the conquistadors visited Florida in the 16th Century, this place has often attracted folks who were more interested in quick profits or indulgent illusions than in building an enduring and enriching community. We may now be moving toward a more enlightened valuation of Florida's unique assets and its potential to be, in fact, an American Eden. The values of Eckerd College-residential, global, spiritual, environmental, and deeply personal in every dimension of its pedagogy-call out in support of a renewed vision of an American Eden, in Florida in general and in Pinellas County and St. Petersburg in particular.
It has become nearly a cliche to observe that globalization and technology are reshaping what it means to be educated, what it means to be creative, and what it means to have a trained imagination. But as a consequence of the new information technologies, I believe the best undergraduate education will be a fundamentally different kind of experience just a few years from now: Still personal, still face-to-face, but strengthened and transformed by a vast array of cybernetic windows into the intellectual and the actual world, and involved at every turn with a sophisticated understanding of the global perspective.
I also believe that this fundamental reshaping will occur in places such as Eckerd College: Places that work closely with each student, in and out of class, to develop the habit of excellence and to challenge and nurture the individual undergraduate student in mind, body and spirit.
This kind of fundamental reshaping of the undergraduate experience is just not likely to happen where undergraduates are not already the primary focus, where departmental and disciplinary organization exists for the benefit of the faculty rather than for the students, where research dominates the agenda and controls the budget, where most of the students live off-campus, or where the common focus of most alumni and students is how the football team - made up of players they seldom meet - is doing. Eckerd College, however, is a very different sort of place.
Let me return then, to my thesis question: Why all the fuss? Why is it so important that Eckerd College survive and prosper? Why is it, like America, in Robert Wilson's words, "worth defending"?
Because it is one of only a handful of institutions that has shown evidence of being willing and able to develop new and successful approaches to teaching undergraduates to think profoundly and purposefully about the deepest dimensions of human existence, one of a handful of places truly educating its students-not simply for the "workforce"-but for global citizenship and even global leadership.
Such a place is, indeed, as so many of you have so nobly demonstrated, especially during the past year or so, a place where people can come together to ensure first the survival, and then the continued success of an extraordinary institution, a place well worth working for, caring for, sacrificing for. It is a place and a mission worthy of your affection, your support and your sustained commitment.
On a personal note, it is a place worth uprooting one's comfortable life for; worth exposing one's marriage to the substantial perils of packing up and moving for; and worth taking on innumerable new challenges for. I want to thank each of you for the warm and generous hospitality you have extended to my wife, Chris, and to me, both personally and professionally; for your willingness to help educate me into the marvels and mysteries of Eckerd College; and for your guidance, assistance and support as we come together and work together to build, and to live, Eckerd College's unique vision of the life of the mind and the spirit.


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Archive for Thursday, March 29, 2001
Historical Society installs officers
The Eudora Area Historical Society installed its new officers for 2001 and set goals for the year at their first meeting of the year at Eudora City Hall. Thirty-seven people were in attendance.
New president Patty Johnston presided. She thanked Burkhardt for his three years as president and for getting the newsletter distributed.
Johnston announced the following committees: Rex Burkhardt and Glenn Wineinger, library and museum; Glenn Wineinger and Lorene Cox, historical sites, collections and storage; Patty Johnston, Peg Buchanan, Kermit Broers, Cindy Higgins and Marlene Evinger, publications and newsletter; Glenn Wineinger, programs and EudoraFest; and Bud and Hazel James, Rex Burkhardt, Clint and Joy Clouse, executive committee; Fern Long and Marlene Evinger, co-chairs, Doris Schehrer and Joyce Wineinger, membership and calling committee; and Marjorie Gronniger and Joyce Wineinger, refreshments.
Programs for the year include "Memories of Trefz Variety Store," led by Glenn Wineinger and the Trefz family, at 7:30 p.m., Thursday, March 15, at Eudora City Hall; a garden tour and sack lunch," led by Lorene Cox, from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., Saturday, May 12; a local Jaycees history and ice cream social, led by Pamela Bass and Glenn Wineinger, at 7:30 p.m., Thursday, July 19, at Eudora City Hall; "Western Humor," led by a humanities speaker at 7:30 p.m., Thursday, Sept. 20, at Eudora City Hall; and a program by the history department of the Eudora schools, led by Cindy Higgins, at 7:30 p.m., Thursday, Nov. 15, at Eudora City Hall.
Burkhardt recognized Fern Long as the society's first president and for still being active in the organization. Long was presented with a signed, framed document.
Johnston suggested a tent and prairie campground with local artifacts and museum articles on display for EudoraFest.
Wineinger will head the CPA book booth with some articles to be given away.
Ron West told those present that two men from the Oregon, Santa Fe, California Trails Association from Missouri were hunting the Oregon Trail through the area recently and asked to leave by two guards at the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant.
Members were asked to bring articles purchased from the former Trefz Variety store to the March meeting for display.
Doris Schehrer shared some old photos of family and buildings. Wineinger had books for sale on display. Long displayed one of several books she purchased from the Kansas State Historical Society of old historical journals, now hardbound.
Books will be placed in the historical library in memory of Margaret Gabriel and William Nichols.
Mary E. May won the door prize and Burkhardt was master of ceremonies for "Who Wants to be a Eudoran," a game similar to the millionaire program on television.
Peg Buchanan, Gronniger, Clara and Ron West, Judy Charbonneau and Steven Neis answered questions about Eudora. Each received prizes of calendars and memberships to the society.
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A car crashed into the Eden Grill near Peebles at around noon on Friday. No injuries were reported.
- Filed Under
There were no injuries after a vehicle driven by an 86-year-old Fond du Lac woman went into the side of the Eden Grill, N7591 Taycheedah Way, on Friday afternoon.
Evelyn Schuman's vehicle stopped after she drove it into the west wall of the restaurant around noon. Her 83-year-old husband was a passenger. There were six customers and five ...


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A quilted, lightweight, compressible vest is cut from rugged, downproof, abrasion-resistant Superderm 10D performance fabric, insulated with warm, lofty 800-fill power Hutterite white goose down, and outfitted with a storm flap and wrap-over brushed-tricot chin guard. Stretch Lycra® armholes and Polartec® Power Stretch™ Hardface™side inserts maximize comfort and fit. Weighing less than half a pound, the style is ideal as active wear and for layering, and packs quickly and completely into the exterior left hand pocket for convenience.


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The Ultimate Presidential Debate Drinking Game for Ladies
Women! Did you know that we're allowed to vote now, without our husbands' permission? That means we should probably be paying attention to political debates, even though they sometimes make us want to gently feed ourselves to a woodchipper that's pH balanced for a man and made just for us. But fear not,… »


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Andrey Tarasiuk, Producer
Andrey Tarasiuk, a graduate of the University of Manitoba and the National Theatre School of Canada, has been associated with almost every major theatre in this country. He was the founding Producer of The Dream in High Park, the acclaimed Toronto Free Theatre/Canadian Stage outdoor Shakespeare production, and the director of many radio dramas with CBC-Radio Canada. He has been a guest director, instructor and lecturer at the National Theatre School of Canada, The University of Winnipeg and the National Arts Centre among others. As Artistic Producer for Theatre Direct Canada, an award–winning Toronto-based company, he worked with such Canadian authors as Anne Chislett, Tomson Highway and Joan MacLeod in the creation of new dramas for young audiences. At the Stratford Shakespeare Festival, where he was Associate Artistic Director and Head of New Play Development for eight seasons, Mr. Tarasiuk also directed a number of productions including James Reaney's The Donnellys: Sticks & Stones which was also presented at the National Arts Centre, Anne Chislett's Quiet in the Land, and the world premiere of Anton Piatigorsky's Eternal Hydra. Mr. Tarasiuk has served as a board member for numerous Canadian organizations including the Stratford Arts Foundation/Stratford Summer Music, Toronto Alliance for Performing Arts and the Professional Association for Canadian Theatres. He is a recipient of a number of awards and distinctions including both the Derek. F. Mitchell Artistic Director's Award and the Tyrone Guthrie Award from the Stratford Festival and the co-recipient of the Kobzar Literary Award for the play Luba, Simply Luba.
Board of Directors
Founding Board Members, retired


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Tap Here to view the Mobile Optimized TFLN
Just had to open a tuna can with a spoon. Gave me a sense of hunting for my own food.
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That sounds really hard.
@9:56 - Methinks it's an Australian area code.
@1.45 why? its already cooked in the tin and its really hot in london right now.
"I had to open a can of Spaghettios with a bottle opener once..that was rough.
May 31, 2009 12:23AM "
Hahaha, been there. Wasn't a high point of life. That was also when our gas was shut off so I needed to nuke em in a styrofoam bowl.
did you MAKE FIRE after that? because otherwise... survival fail...
You're the man!
Spoon to lift the little tab/pull ring thing
If you live in East Sussex, I know what you're talking about.
Dude, how did you open it with a spoon?!
Sometimes it is good to just be a man!!
haahhah this one made me laugh so hard..its not like that funny but it is.....
is +44 a reference to the band....or is that your actual area code? haha
I've been there, man. I've felt that.
I had to open a can of Spaghettios with a bottle opener once..that was rough.
Sounds like a bachelor frog.
at last you take our british imput..
Ha been there..
@9:56 - UK area code
I prefer goldfish or deep fried carp.
Only the Strong Survive
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? Justice Scalia stated that the Voting Rights Act was a racial entitlement. Even though a few years ago the Senate saw the need to continue the Act and voted 98-0 to do so, he inferred that he, as a justice, could regulate that law more fairly. This is more than an activist judge who wants to make law; this is judicial megalomania.
Death penalty
? I will throw the first stone for the death penalty. Someone who is a convicted murder, rapist and has no good intention in life/society but to harm innocent people do not deserve to live in a prison for the rest of their life at taxpayers expense. I believe that all avenues should be exhausted before the death penalty is carried out and then and only then be put to death.
Free market
? Leaving the free market alone to create a living wage depends on who is doing the leaving alone. For too many employers, a free market means business with no rules but three: Maximize profits, minimize wages and end labor unions. Just more Ayn Rand indivisualism, and denial that we're all in this together.
? Want to comment? Call 410-749-7171, ext. 333, to record a message or go to www.DelmarvaNow.com and click on the Grapevine logo.
Grapevine is a sampling of comments and observations on a variety of timely topics submitted by readers of The Daily Times.


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Call 13 10 13 to make a claim. Mon-Fri 7:30am-8:00pm, Sat 7:30am-6:00pm.
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Whether you need assistance or to notify us of a claim, our experienced staff are ready to help. We have extra staff on our 24-hour hotline on 13 10 13 if you have suffered severe loss or damage.
At Allianz, we work hard to keep our customers happy. Even so, differences can occur. When this happens, we try to resolve them as quickly and amicably as possible.
Allianz is a signatory to, and participates in, the General Insurance Code of Practice. This means that we offer an Internal Dispute Resolution Process (IDR) in the event that you are not satisfied with the outcome or any aspect of the handling of a General Insurance claim. To start the process, just call us and ask to speak to the Claims Team Leader.
Further Assistance. We will do everything to reach a resolution within the terms of the policy. If, however, you are still dissatisfied with our decision, you may choose to refer the matter to an independent external dispute resolution body, the Financial Ombudsman Service ("FOS"), subject to eligibility under the scheme's terms of reference. The FOS Scheme offers claimants an impartial alternative to litigation. Like our IDR process, the FOS Scheme is free to claimants.
To find out more about the role of the FOS visit the FOS website.
Do I have to get replacement quotes?
One of our consultants will discuss this with you when they receive your claim or when you call to make your claim.
What proof of ownership documents do I need?
Documents such as purchase receipts, credit card statements and owner's handbooks will help. When you speak to a consultant, they'll let you know what you need to provide to help us process your claim.
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We organise the quotes and replacement of your possessions and do most of the leg work for you.
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Call our claims department on 13 10 13 and one of our friendly consultants will take you through the claims process.
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Our temperatures will be heating up over the next several days.
Over the busy game day and holiday weekend, we'll reach the 90s, but it could feel more like 100.
After what's been a mild summer so far, you're really going to feel the heat.
Rural/Metro EMS supervisor, Chris McLaine, joined us in the 10News studio with some safety reminders. You can watch that entire conversation in the video above.


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Morning light therapy for juvenile depression and severe mood dysregulation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
1 Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
2 Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Trials 2013, 14:178 doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-178Published: 17 June 2013
The prevalence of depression in young people is increasing. The predominant co-morbidities of juvenile depression include sleep disturbances and persistent problems with the sleep-wake rhythm, which have shown to influence treatment outcomes negatively. Severe mood dysregulation is another condition that includes depressive symptoms and problems with the sleep-wake rhythm. Patients with severe mood dysregulation show symptoms of depression, reduced need for sleep, and disturbances in circadian functioning which negatively affect both disorder-specific symptoms and daytime functioning. One approach to treating both depression and problems with the sleep-wake rhythm is the use of light therapy. Light therapy is now a standard therapy for ameliorating symptoms of seasonal affective disorder and depression in adults, but has not yet been investigated in children and adolescents. In this trial, the effects of 2 weeks of morning bright-light therapy on juvenile depression and severe mood dysregulation will be evaluated.
A total of 60 patients with depression, aged between 12 and 18 years, in some cases presenting additional symptoms of affective dysregulation, will be included in this trial. Morning bright-light therapy will be implemented for 2 weeks (10 sessions of 45 minutes each), either with 'active' light (10,000 lux) or 'inactive' light (100 lux). A comprehensive test battery will be conducted before and after treatment and at follow-up 3 weeks later, to assess depression severity, sleep, and attention parameters. Melatonin levels will be measured by assessing the Dim Light Melatonin Onset.
In this pilot study, the use of morning bright-light therapy for juvenile depression and severe mood dysregulation shall be evaluated and discussed.
Trials registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN89305231


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|Descriptive Statistician 1
|Employment Opportunities
The Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry currently has four openings for Descriptive Statistician 1 in Dauphin County.
|Type of Work
Descriptive Statisticians collect, organize, classify, and summarize quantified data to produce reports for an assigned phase of a major report or special study.
For the most recent information on job opportunities, please contact:
Department of Labor and Industry
Bureau of Human Resources
1418 Labor and Industry Building
Harrisburg, PA 17121
Phone: (717) 787-6374
Fax: (717) 772-3351
|Starting Salary
Comprehensive health insurance; liberal retirement/pension plan; paid vacation, personal and sick leave; paid holidays; prescription, vision and dental plan coverage (after six months); paid group life insurance, and much more.


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PROVO, Utah (AP) — A 17-year-old girl has pleaded not guilty to a dozen charges stemming from a crime rampage that left a Utah deputy dead and another deputy injured.
Meagan Grunwald appeared in a Provo courtroom Monday morning to enter her plea to charges of murder, attempted murder and other counts. She is being charged as an adult.
Her attorney Dean Zabriskie says Grunwald will testify in her own defense that her 27-year-old boyfriend forced her at gunpoint to participate in the crime rampage.
Prosecutors say her boyfriend, Angel Garcia-Juaregui, is the one who shot the deputies, but they believe Grunwald participated in the police chase and a carjacking.
Garcia-Juaregui died from injuries he sustained in a shootout with police.


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Writer's Showcase: Kelsey Klingensmith, Tyler Matl and Sherry Hought
Presented by The Listening Room Cafe at The Listening Room Cafe
December 27, 2011
Catch live music tonight at The Listening Room with Kelsey Klingensmith. Kelsey "Doll" Klingensmith is a sweet country girl from Iowa with the soul of a songbird and the heart of an angel. A prodigious singer and songwriter, she has already written over 90 songs and recorded her first all original CD in December of 2010 in Nashville, TN. Kelsey's vibrant and powerfully expressive sound coupled with a country cry that pulls at your heartstrings captures her lyrics and delivers them in a way that touches and inspires the hearts of those who hear her. Eddie Kilgallon, band leader and keyboard player for Montgomery Gentry feels "Kelsey is an inspiration for all of us who fill the air with magic..." Kelsey's original music has been endearing people of all ages, as it embodies a compassion and understanding far beyond her years. She is already a seasoned performer, and has been amazing audiences in Nashville, Branson, and throughout the Midwest.
Tyler Matl is a hardworking, tenacious singer songwriter with the talent and musicianship to match. He released his debut CD "Wonderstruck" on 11/11/11. "Wonderstuck" was produced/engineed by Tim Scott who has done work for the likes of Rascal Flatts, Edwin McCain and was an original founder of the band Heartland and includes co-written cuts with Grammy Nominated songwriter/recording artist Jamie Cutler Harper . He has been featured on JAM TV, Nashville Spotlight, Music City Gospel Review, and Download LIVE! Tyler's debut single "Filthy Liar" has received airplay on major FM stations in different states such as 106.5 WKDZ in Kentucky, and on other formats as well like college radio and online. "Filthy Liar" has been ranked #12 on the Country/Pop charts by SongVault.Com and #14 by Reverbnation.Com. He is currently touring across the USA with the "Artist OnThe Edge Tour" building his fan base to over 30,000 fans! Tyler has had a blast sharing his music and meeting people in Nashville, as well as across the globe! He is on an amazing musical journey blazing his own path to becoming a leading name in country music.
Originally from Minnesota, Sherri Gough has been a songwriter ever since she can remember. Over a time period of 4 years, she has placed in almost every major songwriting contest, including the USA Songwriting Competition, the International Songwriting Competition, and the John Lennon Songwriting Competition, often with first place results. She has had several independent artists cut her songs, and she has written and been mentored by some of the best, multi-number-one hit writers in Nashville with songs recorded by Rascal Flatts, Montgomery Gentry, Faith Hill, and Brad Paisley. She recently recorded and produced an acoustic artist project of her own, and published her first book as well. She is an artist manager, and has her own publishing company called Steel Train Music. She is a wife and mom of five children, three of whom were adopted as siblings from foster care. Consequently, she is a huge adoption advocate, and is on the board of a local adoption and counseling
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September 1, 2010
Enjoy anything water related, hiking, golfing, open to new ideas.
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Scuba diving
Any beach with a drink in my hand and my toes in the sand.
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I have lived in the Chattanooga area since 1983. Damn yankee that came and stayed. Love to be outdoors. I would like to meet and join others with similar interests.
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Gurit announces a multi-year frame supply agreement for core materials with the American Boatbuilders Association
Gurit Holding AG
May 30, 2013
Filed under News
|Gurit a leading global manufacturer and supplier of composite materials, engineering, tooling, parts and systems announces a multi-year frame supply agreement for core materials with the American Boatbuilders Association (ABA).
|Gurit (USA) Inc. (Bristol, Rhode Island) a subsidiary of Gurit Group, is proud to announce that the American Boatbuilders Association (ABA) has selected Gurit (USA) Inc. as a Preferred Supplier of Choice for the supply of G-PET™, PVCell™, and Corecell™ SAN structural foam cores. Structural cores are a key materials category in boat building.
The ABA is one of America's leading buying groups for independent boat builders. "ABA is pleased to reach an agreement with Gurit (USA) as the Preferred Supplier of Choice for this wide range of core materials. We've chosen Gurit (USA) because they offer high quality products, excellent technical support, and valuable engineering resources. We look forward to enhancing our relationship with Gurit in the future." says Jay Patton, President, ABA.
Gurit is a technical leader in the development and manufacture of structural core materials. Cores in a sandwich construction are specified by boat designers and naval architects to increase stiffness and reduce the weight of a composite structure. "Gurit has a comprehensive range of core materials to fit any specification or manufacturing process. Our materials can be offered in sheet form and with a variety of cut patterns and finishes. We welcome this agreement with ABA to offer them tailored products to fit their members' needs and processing choices," says Lance Hill, Regional Sales Director Americas Gurit Composite Materials.


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Buddha face panel is handmade of wood on a black stand The Buddha face panel on a stand measures 16 X 20 inches Made in Indonesia Handmade: minor variations in color and defects add to the artistic character of the piece.
Unique Buddha face panel is handmade and hand-carved out of wood. Suitable for any cabinet top, console table or any area in your sacred space. Made in Indonesia, the gold face panel measures 16 inches tall and 20 inches wide.


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Public & Private; No Bright Lines
By ANNA QUINDLEN;
Published: July 6, 1991
From time to time a person comes along who represents an issue in a way that makes the issue loom large and feel personal. Kimberly Bergalis has become such a person. Ms. Bergalis, who is 23, was infected with the AIDS virus by her dentist, in what has turned out to be a worst-case scenario; there have been reports that he worked without gloves, re-used equipment and kept quiet about his condition so he would not jeopardize the sale of his practice.
Frail, beautiful and bitter, Ms. Bergalis's slow dying and her railing against it -- "You ruined my life and my family's," she wrote in a recriminatory letter to health officials -- has inspired public discussion about the risks and obligations of health service providers with the disease.
The KA-BOOM that you hear is ideological principle colliding with personal feelings, and the right to privacy of one group of Americans running smack dab into the right to know of another.
The question is how much doctors, nurses, and other health care workers are obliged to tell us about their medical condition, and the answer, so far, is not much. In recent weeks both the American Medical Association and the American Nurses Association have rejected the idea of compulsory AIDS testing for their members.
But the issue will come up again and again, as more worst-case scenarios emerge. Little will be heard of the best cases, the doctors who are HIV positive, take precautions and never infect a patient, or the ones who immediately stop performing invasive procedures when diagnosed. Few will remember that Ms. Bergalis's dentist is the only health care worker in the country known to have transmitted the AIDS virus to a patient, or that the risk of a doctor becoming infected with the AIDS virus in the course of his duties is much greater than the risk of his transmitting it.
What will increasingly be heard is this hypothetical:
Q. You learn that your pediatrician has AIDS. What do you do?
A. Find another pediatrician.
In my ideological world, that is the wrong answer. The right answer would be to make sure that the doctor is meticulously careful, uses double gloves and fresh instruments and washes hands assiduously. That is the answer that would encompass the warp and woof of a social fabric that allows for mutual risk and advantage, that says that everyone should give a little, the doctor with more protections, the patient with a more open mind.
In other words, ask some parents to put their children at some risk, however small, for the sake of principle and fairness.
Principle and fairness have never been the watchwords of AIDS discussions. Fear, uncertainty and blaming the victim continue to be the rule. Not long ago, we were told that AIDS could not be transmitted by health workers. Now, because of the Bergalis case, we know that it can. And in the great big risk pool of life, many who can choose between a doctor who is infected and one who is not are likely to choose the latter. Most doctors who announce that they have AIDS might as well give up their practices; they will lose patients more quickly than T-cells.
As always, we yearn for bright lines, for guarantees, for absolutes. People look at photographs of Kimberly Bergalis, baked down to the bones by illness, and see themselves. But bright lines are neither available nor, in the last analysis, right. It is not simply that months can elapse between infection and detection, making testing unreliable. Imagine a United States in which an entire professional class will be required to be tested for disease and the results made known to all their clients, and you imagine a United States qualitatively different than the country we have always known.
The Bergalis case has become the center of a national debate. And the debate conjures up conundrums as troubling as any, more difficult than most. Policing is in order, by patients and by health care workers. Doctors must take precautions, to protect their patients and themselves. Patients must demand those precautions and find other care if they are not followed. Over the last decade, we have learned about safe sex because of the AIDS epidemic. Now, until a cure for the disease is found, we will all learn about safe medicine.


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jGuru Forums
Posted By:
Posted On:
Thursday, September 4, 2003 10:15 AM
I am able to call a native method written in c language by creating the dll and loading the dll in java file. I am able to execute the file from the command prompt. I tried to call the same class from a jsp page which gives me the error unsatisfiedlinkerror : method name (native method) can u help me out.
Re: Unsatisfied link Error in JSP
Posted By:
Posted On:
Saturday, September 6, 2003 11:30 AM
I would first try to put the native library into your system folder (on Windows) or onto your PATH on Unix for experimentation. If it works, you have established that it is a path issue.
I would also check the docs of the servlet enginer you're using to see where you could add a configuration option for your java.library.path.
Good luck,
Posted By:
Posted On:
Friday, September 5, 2003 07:06 AM
Your dll has to be available to the servlet engine, in a directory on its PATH or LD_LIBRARY_PATH (I guess the latter is just for Unix though).


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Letters to the editor for Tuesday, Sept. 4.
Can platforms really be so absurdly different?
National sentiment can be as diverse as topics reported in the Aug. 23 J&C. Half an Opinions page on one woman's view of issues significant to women, especially in regard to sovereignty of their own bodies; a quarter of a column in the Nation/World section mentioning Texas' law banning funds for health clinics affiliated with abortion providers for low-income women; then the Arts section featuring a CD jacket photo of pornographic renderings of naked women covered in butterscotch syrup, labeled as "sizzling flapjacks."
Disconnect in national discourse as selectively reported by The Associated Press is related to the current chaotic political fray.
As I understand it, there is still debate about whether candidates should consider it their duty to work for interests of a country representing all citizens or to represent national interests for those with monetary power. In the gravity of matters regarding the business of government, do we all contribute to efforts of a nation of individuals helping to provide opportunity for all to succeed, or do we expend all efforts toward ensuring opportunity for only those enfranchised individuals to provide for their own welfare in this wealthy nation? This, specifically, is not discussed.
In the presidential campaign, various topics are brought up. Reports of ensuing exchanges emphasize one candidate's words which those involved enjoys hearing while another candidate, as reported, relates opinions from an almost opposite tack. Can platforms really be so absurdly different? How can any sane and moral American vote in one particular way, as is reported?
Cathy Nakajima
West Lafayette


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Next season's fixtures cannot come soon enough for newly-promoted Middlesex, whose hungry young squad reported back for pre-Christmas winter conditioning as early as November 7.
Back in the day when Angus Fraser was merely an up-and-coming club seamer, rank and file county cricketers often enjoyed a three-month winter break from the game, sometimes longer. Having usually enjoyed the festive season to the full, they reported back in the spring with weight aplenty to be lost.
This dilatory approach to pre-season fitness had become the generally accepted norm for most county cricketers, indeed, and it prevailed right through until the 'noughties'. But clearly it won't be happening on Fraser's watch.
Nowadays, as director of cricket at Middlesex, the 46-year-old former England seamer confirmed this week, and possibly with a sense of pride, that his Middlesex wards were already fit as fiddles and looking forward to a 2012 campaign in the County Championship's top flight.
Fraser said: "When I took over in 2010/2011 I gave the team a 'three-line whip' to get back to training well before Christmas, but this year they've led the situation themselves, to be honest. The 13 or so lads still in this country reported back in the first week in November and have already been working in the indoor school for over a fortnight.
"Most counties operate this way these days and for several good reasons. First and foremost, we do it so that the players retain a good level of fitness all winter. Then, when you crank up the work from January onwards, they can concentrate on honing their skills rather than simply getting themselves back into condition.
"It's also good because the lads get to work with each other throughout the winter, which I feel helps create a better spirit among the squad."
While his side have been working up a sweat in the indoor school, Fraser has been busy in the club office at Lord's masterminding the county's team re-building plans.
Since securing the Division Two title three players have left St John's Wood – Jamie Dalrymple, Dan Housego and Ben Scott. On the flip side, Ollie Rayner (Sussex) and Joe Denly (Kent) have joined.
Five others have signed new deals, while two more are to be offered contract extensions before the action begins in earnest on April 5 next year. Fraser also confirmed he would be looking for an impact player from overseas to strengthen his hand come the start of the Friends Life t20 competition in June next year.
"We'll have a think about t20 later in the New Year, but as for the rest of the squad I think we'll be as we are now. Once Jamie Dalrymple said he was no longer going to be with us we've bought in Rayner and Denly, Ollie for his all-round abilities and Joe to bolster our senior batting.
"Ok, when there's no Test match cricket we do get Andrew Strauss and Eoin Morgan back, but it'll be ideal to have Joe around – who is after all a potential international cricketer in his own right – to strengthen and create competition for places. These lads can only add to what we're trying to achieve here.
"It will be good to have a settled squad to work with now, not just for a few months but for a couple or three seasons. In recent times players have been happy to stay on short-term contracts and back themselves, but with less money floating around in the game these days it's nice that a number of players, who I rate highly, have committed themselves to us long-term."


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Fourth Judicial District Judge Wilson Rambo ruled Monday that a pending civil suit involving a convicted rapist does not warrant a new trial in the case.
Defense attorney Charles Kincade argued that his client, Terresz Robinson, who was found guilty in February of two counts of aggravated rape, one count of attempted second-degree kidnapping, second-degree kidnapping, carjacking and theft, was denied a fair trial because the defense was not made aware of a civil suit by one of the victims and her mother.
The pending suit, which names Robinson and the University of Louisiana Monroe, ...


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Election reveals GOP inroads in Westmoreland County
Only a few Democratic outposts remain in Westmoreland County, as even Jeannette and Greensburg turned red in this presidential election.
Republican Mitt Romney overwhelmingly won Westmoreland County, claiming more than 60 percent of the vote. President Obama won just seven municipalities in the county.
"Obviously, the demographics of our county have changed over the last 20 years. It makes it more difficult for a national candidate to win Westmoreland County," said Ken Burkley, a former chairman of the county Democratic committee.
In 1998, the Democrats had a registration edge of more than 64,000 voters.
On Tuesday, there were 122,373 registered Democrats and 90,013 Republicans.
Democrats could at one time deliver large blocs of voters, mostly in the bigger cities such as Greensburg, Jeannette, New Kensington and Monessen.
Obama claimed victory in New Kensington and Monessen, but not with the huge margins of victory those towns previously bestowed on Democrats.
"Before 1996, we had Ligonier and we had Murrysville," said Republican Kim Ward, a state senator from Hempfield.
"The Democrats had everywhere else," she said.
The tide began to turn in 1996 when Republican Sen. Bob Dole nearly won the county from President Bill Clinton.
Four years later, George Bush secured the first win in decades for a GOP presidential candidate.
Romney's success this year mirrored results from 2008, when Republican Sen. John McCain of Arizona defeated Obama in Westmoreland County.
"The national party has become more liberal than old-style Westmoreland County Democrats," Burkley said.
Those old-style Democrats said there was a time when it was easy for the party to secure wins for its candidates.
The blueprint was simple, according to former county Commissioner Ted Simon.
"The southern part and the northern part of the county were very Democratic. We always worked to try to get the middle (of the county) to move more to the Democrats," said Simon, a party standard bearer throughout the 1970s and '80s.
"It was very comfortable and almost predictable. You always had a good feeling you were going to win in the general election," Simon said.
Monessen's dwindling voter base illustrates the party's recent struggles in Westmoreland.
Attorney Al Gaudio, a longtime political observer from Monessen, said that 40 years ago his hometown could provide a margin of victory for Democratic candidates by nearly 8,000 votes.
Obama beat Romney in Monessen by more than 1,000 votes. City residents cast a grand total of about 3,000 votes.
"Outside of the city of Pittsburgh we used to be one of the few municipalities that had that big of a majority in Western Pennsylvania," Gaudio said. "From there, it's been downhill ever since."
Attorney Jeff Pavetti of Jeannette, a former county controller who once served as a city councilman, said his hometown and other traditional Democratic strongholds no longer carry the clout they once did because they are losing voters.
"The center of the county has suburbanized and gentrified. The older industrial communities and the number of those voters there have shrunk," Pavetti said.
Republicans have experienced growing successes over the last decade leading up to a sweep of county offices in 2011.
Penn Township Commissioner Chuck Horvat said those successes have been a long time in coming.
"Voters, I believe, know Republicans are hands on, and the Democrats have seen that. They see we're not some kind of monster who just wants to take control," Horvat said. "Twenty or thirty years ago, I didn't think this would happen. I anticipated we would tick away at it, one or two offices at a time."
Ward said it's been the GOP's hard work that has led to the success.
"It's been remarkable, and it's been satisfying. It's humbling to have a least a small part of this," Ward said.
Rich Cholodofsky is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. He can be reached at 724-830-6293 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
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William Ireland, Venerable
Jesuit martyr (1636-1679)
Ireland (alias IRONMONGER), WILLIAM, VENERABLE, Jesuit martyr, b. in Lincolnshire, 1636; executed at Tyburn, January 24 (not February 3), 1679; eldest son of William Ireland of Crofton Hall, Yorkshire, by Barbara, a daughter of Ralph Eure, of Washingborough, Lincolnshire (who is to be distinguished from the last Lord Eure) by his first wife. He was educated at the English College, St. Omer; admitted to the Society of Jesus at Watten, 1655; professed, 1673; and was for several years confessor to the Poor Clares at Gravelines. In 1677 he was sent on the English Mission and appointed procurator of the province. On the night of September 28, 1678, he was arrested by Titus Oaths in person, and amongst others who shared his fate was John Grove, a layman, the nominal occupier of that part of Wild House, London, occupied by the Jesuits, the Spanish ambassador living under the same roof. After rigorous confinement in Newgate they were both sentenced to death on December 17 following, together with Thomas Pickering, for having, in the rooms of William Harcourt, the Jesuit, on the previous August 19, planned to assassinate the king. Oates and Bedloe swore that Grove was to have £1500 for the job, and Pickering 30,000 Masses. Ireland, in a journal written in New-gate, accounted for every day of his absence from London between August 3 and September 14, but a woman having sworn that she saw him in Fetter Lane, on August 20, all three were found guilty, and after two reprieves Ireland and Grove were executed together, Grove saying: "We are innocent, we lose our lives wrongfully, we pray God to forgive them that are the causes of it."


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Apple\'s GarageBand, Jam Pack win MIPA awards
updated 10:35 pm EDT, Fri April 8, 2005
Apple takes 2 MIPA awards
Apple this week for its GarageBand and Jam Pack audio products. MIPA is a prestigious international award in the professional music production industry, presented by 58 international magazines. The sixth annual MIPA awards were presented for the best products of 2004/2005 in over 40 categories on April 7th. GarageBand, Apple's application for performing, recording and creating music, won in the "Best Innovative Product" category, making it the first software program to win in this category--although many have been nominated over the past five years. GarageBand 2, released earlier this year, is bundled free with all new Macs and is available as part if iLife '05. Apple's Jam Pack, which offers more that 2,000 Apple Loops and dozens of playable software instruments, received a "Best of" award in the "Sound Libraries" category as well.


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Water: Safe Drinking Water Act
The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996
Strengthening Protection for America's Drinking Water
The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 was signed on August 6, 1996. The passage of these amendments are bringing substantial changes to the national drinking water program for water utilities, states, EPA, as well as greater protection and information to those served by public water systems.
These changes correct problems and help EPA, states, and water systems prepare for future drinking water safety challenges and assure the sustainable availability of safe drinking water. The amendments increase state flexibility, provide for more efficient investments by water systems, give better information to consumers, and strengthen EPA's scientific work, including the use of risk and cost-benefit considerations in setting drinking water standards.
Four themes characterize the areas of greatest change. Together, they comprise a balanced, integrated framework of reform, and represent a major national commitment to:
- new and stronger approaches to prevent contamination of drinking water;
- better information for consumers, (including "right to know");
- regulatory improvements, (including better science, prioritization of effort, and risk assessment), and
- new funding for states and communities through the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund.
** Note: The bracketed references in the text below are, first, to the relevant Section of the Amendments (P.L. 104-182), and, after the "slash" (/), to the relevant provision(s) of the Safe Drinking Water Act as newly amended.
New And Stronger Prevention Approaches
The 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments establish a strong new emphasis on preventing contamination problems through source water protection and enhanced water system management. That emphasis transforms the previous law, with its largely after-the-fact, regulatory focus, into a truly environmental statute that can better provide for the sustainable use of water by our nation's public water systems and their customers. The states will be central: creating and focusing prevention programs, and helping water systems improve operations and avoid contamination problems.
- Source Water Protection: Within 18 months after EPA publishes guidance, states must submit a program for delineating source water areas of public water systems, and for assessing the susceptibility of such source waters to contamination. states may use set asides from the State Revolving Fund (SRF) to pay for source water assessments. Assessment programs may also use data from other, related watershed-type survey activities, which will encourage the efficient use of funds and coordination among the varied programs to gather and analyze water resource-oriented data. Results of completed source water assessments must be made available to the public. These results are a statutory prerequisite for state tailored monitoring programs, because they can provide a good science basis for such tailoring. [132/1453; 1452(k)(1)(C) {SRF}]
The source water assessment results will also provide the information necessary for water systems to seek help from states in protecting source water, or initiating local government efforts. states may use set asides to protect source water (1) if they choose to adopt source water "petition" programs, under which they may use non-SDWA federal funds, under current eligibilities, to voluntarily reduce existing contamination, (2) to develop or continue other types of source water protection programs, which can focus on preventing contamination, or (3) for loans for certain source water protection activities. EPA must write guidance on state source water partnership programs, including a description of available technical and financial aid. [133/1454; 1452(g)(2)(B), 1452(k)(1)(A) {SRF}]
- Capacity Development: The 1996 Amendments create a program to build nationally on the demonstrated success of several states in strengthening the managerial, technical and financial capacity of water systems to reliably deliver safe drinking water. EPA is required, within 6 months, to review existing state programs and publish guidance that states may use to meet the new requirements of this provision. state programs must have two main components: (1) legal authority to ensure that new water systems have sufficient technical, managerial, and financial capacity to meet drinking water standards; and (2) a strategy to identify and assist existing water systems needing improvements in managerial, technical, or financial capacity or aid to comply with standards. states must also identify water systems in significant noncompliance status within 1 year, and report to EPA on the success of capacity development efforts in assisting such systems.
States may use an SRF set aside to fund their capacity development and implementation efforts. states that do not meet the provision's requirements are subject to withholding of their SRF allotment (20% for the new system authority, and 10% in year 2001, 15% in 2002, and 20% thereafter for the capacity strategies; but no more than 20% total). For each new regulation, EPA must analyze the likely effect of the regulation on the viability of public water systems. [119/1420; 1452(a)(1)(G)(I), (g)(2)(C), (k)(1)(B) {SRF}]
States can pursue several objectives here. One may be to better enable states to set priorities for technical and compliance assistance efforts to systems, focusing on those systems identified in the strategy as most in need of assistance. Another may be to help systems review their own characteristics, strengths, and shortcomings in light of their plans and expectations for the future, working with the state or through their own use of the state's capacity analysis. states and systems may also want to use capacity development strategies as a means to engage in integrated resource planning to resolve conflicts over drinking water quality/management issues, or to draw in technical assistance from and coordinate with federal agencies to help in such state conflict resolution efforts.
- Operator Certification: Ensuring the knowledge and skills of public water system operators is widely considered one of the most important, cost-effective means to strengthen drinking water safety. To that end, the Amendments require all states to carry out a program of operator certification. Each state must either: (a) implement a program that meets the guidelines established by EPA, or (b) enforce an existing state program, provided it is substantially equivalent to or meets the overall public health objectives of EPA's guidelines. states are allowed to use a set aside from the SRF to carry out their operator certification program. EPA is required to withhold 20% of SRF funds from states that do not meet the requirements of the operator certification provision. For systems serving 3,300 persons or fewer, EPA is required to provide reimbursement (through states) for the cost of training and certification for operators required by this provision to undergo training. [123/1419; 1452(a)(1)(G)(ii), (g)(2)(D) {SRF}]
This program does not require that every water system operator be certified. That is not always necessary for proper system operation, nor is it a flexible or efficient approach. Rather, the objective of the program should be to ensure every water system has (directly, under contract, or in conjunction with other systems,) an operator to perform certain key compliance functions, and who is trained and certified to the right level that each state determines is appropriate to the functions, facilities and operations of that system.
Better Consumer Information/"Right-To-Know"
In addition to the much-discussed new requirement for systems to prepare consumer confidence reports, the Amendments frequently specify that the public be provided with or given access to other data collected, analyses done or implementation strategies developed under new SDWA programs. These consumer information provisions herald a new era of public involvement in safe drinking water, founded on the idea that the understanding and support of the public will be vital to address and prevent the growing threats to drinking water quality in the years ahead.
- Consumer Confidence Reports: Within two years, EPA must issue regulations requiring all community water systems to prepare and mail to each customer at least annually a report with information about the system's source water and the level of contaminants in the drinking water purveyed. Each Governor may allow systems serving between 500 and 10,000 people to publish the report in a newspaper rather than mail it. Systems serving less than 500 people, whose Governor has not required mailing, may elect to give effective public notice that the report is available, rather than mail or publish it. [114(a)/1414(c)(4)]
As required by this provision, EPA will consult closely with the drinking water community, risk communication experts, environmental and public interest groups, and interested parties in developing these regulations. This consultation will help ensure that the reports meet the aim of usefully informing the public, as well as the broader aim of encouraging an informed and engaged public to work with water suppliers and drinking water programs at all levels of government in the effort to secure safe drinking water.
- Some other provisions for improved consumer information: Persons served by a public water system must be given notice of any violation of a national drinking water standard "that has the potential to have serious adverse effects on human health as a result of short-term exposure" within 24 hours after the violation by at least one effective means, and written notice of any other violation of a national standard or monitoring requirement within one year. states must "make readily available to the public" an annual report to the Administrator on violations of national primary drinking water regulations by public water systems within the state. [114(a)/1414(c)(1) - (3)]
Each state's triennial report to the Governor on the effectiveness of and progress under the capacity development strategy must also be available to the public. [119/1420(c)(3)] EPA must make the information from the occurrence database "available to the public in readily accessible form." [126/1445(g)(5)] The public must be provided with notice and an opportunity to comment on the annual priority list of projects eligible for State Revolving Fund (SRF) assistance that states will publish as a part of their SRF intended use plans. [130/1452(b)(3)(B)] states "shall make the results of the source water assessments ... available to the public." [132(a)/1453(a)(7)] And under the Administrative Procedures Act and several specific provisions of the SDWA Amendments, EPA must publish and make all regulations, and most guidance and information documents, available for public notice and comment.
Regulatory Improvements
A decade of experience under the 1986 SDWA revealed several areas where responsible, science-based flexibilities and a better prioritization of effort could improve protection of public health compared to the one-size-fits-all approach of the 1986 statute.
- New risk-based contaminant selection: The requirement that EPA regulate an additional 25 contaminants every 3 years is eliminated. Instead, EPA has the flexibility to decide whether or not to regulate a contaminant after completing a required review of at least 5 contaminants every 5 years. EPA must use three criteria to determine whether or not to regulate a contaminant: that the contaminant adversely affects human health; it is known or substantially likely to occur in public water systems with a frequency and at levels of public health concern; and regulation of the contaminant presents a meaningful opportunity for health risk reduction. [102/1412(b)(1)]
This provision departs dramatically from the approach of the previous law. The "25 every three years" mandate allowed little risk prioritization by EPA or anyone else, and the mandate to regulate 83 specified contaminants allowed essentially none. The new provision makes risk prioritization dominant in selecting contaminants to regulate. EPA will work in partnership with the states, water systems, environmental and public health groups, the scientific community and the public to identify and closely scrutinize unregulated contaminants that are most prevalent in drinking water, present the most serious threat to health and can be most productively and effectively controlled. It is flexible enough to be neither over- nor under-inclusive. Sizeable contaminant clusters (similar to the disinfection byproducts/microbial cluster, 13 contaminants proposed ) can be reviewed, other contaminants added for analysis -- with only those that meet the three criteria receiving a determination to regulate.
- Occurrence information: unregulated contaminants, national database, information collection: The collection, organization and ready availability of contaminant occurrence data takes on unprecedented importance under the new law's risk-based regulatory framework. Accordingly, the statute includes several responsive provisions. EPA must issue regulations establishing criteria for monitoring of unregulated contaminants, and, within 3 years after enactment, and every 5 years thereafter, must issue a list of no more than 30 such contaminants for which monitoring is required. Significant changes from previous law include a provision that the states may (and if they decline, EPA shall) develop a plan for monitoring by a representative sample of systems serving fewer than 10,000 people (to ensure an understanding of contaminant occurrence in different size systems), and a provision requiring that persons served by the system must be notified of the availability of monitoring results. [125(c)/1445(a)(2)]
For the first time, a national occurrence database covering regulated and unregulated contaminants will be established, primarily using compliance monitoring detection data and information from the unregulated contaminant monitoring program. The principal use of the database will be for EPA to make occurrence determinations on whether or not to regulate a certain contaminant, but it may also be useful for such purposes as state tailoring of system monitoring and source water protection. The occurrence database will also improve public understanding and participation in drinking water protection because the data must "be available to the public in readily accessible form." [126/1445(g)]
In addition, without first issuing a regulation, EPA may now require systems to submit information for individual system compliance purposes as well as to establish new regulations. In the latter case, EPA must pay for any requirements to install treatment equipment or process changes, to test treatment technology, or to analyze or process monitoring samples. [125(a)/1445(a)(1)] A key benefit of this for the regulatory process will be the ability to gather data that systems have already collected but were not required to. This will advance risk assessment by enabling EPA, with the smallest impact on systems, to decide whether to undertake, and if needed, how to focus further inquiry.
- Cost-benefit analysis and research for new standards: For all future drinking water standards, EPA is to conduct a thorough cost-benefit analysis and provide comprehensive, informative, and understandable information to the public. EPA is also required to use the "best available, peer-reviewed science and supporting studies" in carrying out actions within the standard setting section "to the degree that an Agency action is based on science." [103/1412(b)(3)]
To ensure that adequate scientific information is developed to support these new requirements, $10 million annually is to be set aside from the SRF for top priority health effects research. [130/1452(n)] Several programs of research and funding are separately authorized for disinfection byproducts/microbial pathogens ($87.5 million over 7 years) [137/1458(c)]; waterborne disease occurrence ($15 million over 5 years) [137/1458(d)]; subpopulations at greater risk [137/1458(a)]; and biological mechanisms by which contaminants affect human health [137/1458(b)]; as well as in support of drinking water program activities generally ($186.2 million over 7 years) [201].
Standard setting has new flexibility compared to the previous law. After first defining a maximum contaminant level (MCL) or treatment technique standard based on affordable technology, as previously, EPA must determine whether the costs of that standard would be justified by the benefits. If not, then EPA may adjust an MCL to a level that "maximizes health risk reduction benefits at a cost that is justified by the benefits." The authority to adjust the MCL cannot be used if the costs to large systems are justified by the benefits, and other systems are likely to receive variances. The rationale is that affordability problems for smaller systems should not change a national standard if those systems would receive a variance from that national standard anyway, based on affordability grounds. Flexibility to "minimize the overall risk of adverse health effects" is also authorized where certain means of controlling one contaminant may increase the risk from another contaminant ("risk-risk" balancing situations). [104/1412(b)(4) - (6)]
The cost-benefit provision was included mainly to address the concern that the health protection benefits of certain future standards might not be "worth" their costs, even if large systems could afford to meet such standards through their economies of scale. The new standard-setting retains the previous law's approach to defining an affordable technology standard, but subjects that standard in every case to the "justified" test. EPA can proceed with a standard based on the affordable technology approach, or may adjust an affordable technology-based MCL to a level that is "justified". In the latter case, the new law's further requirement that the MCL must also maximize health benefits ensures that health protection remains the paramount consideration in standard setting.
- Small system technologies, variances, and exemptions: A fundamental problem with the previous law was that, in setting standards based on technology that large systems could afford, it did not recognize the often-different economics of small systems. The new law contains multiple remedies. First, as part of a new drinking water standard, EPA is to identify technologies that comply with the standard and are specifically affordable for each of three groups of smaller systems. [105/1412(b)(4)(E)] Second, where such technologies do not exist for a certain group of smaller systems or quality of source water, a "variance" technology must be identified that need not meet the standard but must provide the maximum protection affordable for such groups of smaller systems and source waters. [111/1412(b)(15)] Within 2 years, EPA must identify affordable compliance and, where appropriate, variance technologies for existing regulations, and issue regulations for small system variances.
states with primacy will make decisions on affordability variances for specific systems serving up to 3,300 persons, while EPA must also approve variances for systems between 3,300 and 10,000. The variance decision must include consideration of whether the system could comply with the standard through water treatment, alternative water supplies, or restructuring or consolidation. EPA is also required to publish information states can use to make affordability determinations. Consumers may petition EPA to object to a variance proposed by a state, and EPA must respond to petitions within 60 days. If EPA objects to a variance, it cannot be granted until the state makes the requested changes or responds in writing to each objection. [116/1415(e)]
The statute also authorizes "source water" variances from a standard on condition that the systems install affordable compliance technology. This gives the certainty of a variance to any size system able to install treatment, but whose unavoidably poor source water quality may prevent it from meeting the standard even with treatment. [115/1415(a)(1)(A)]
These new provisions create a logical and workable hierarchy of options for small systems. Most small systems whose source water quality does not meet a national standard will be able to comply if they are allowed to use treatment specifically affordable for systems of their size. For those systems which cannot afford such treatment, the state (with EPA review if applicable) will assess whether other changes -- e.g., source water, restructuring, or connection to another system -- could enable them to meet the standard. Only if such changes are not practicable can a system be authorized to provide drinking water that does not fully meet a national standard. And that authorization will only be for the most protective technology the system can afford, which will give much more protection than was actually provided under the all-or-nothing regime of the previous law.
Moreover, a system serving 3,300 persons or fewer may receive exemptions from a standard for up to nine years (three years are now allowed) if it serves an economically disadvantaged community, is reasonably likely to get financial assistance to comply during the exemption term, and cannot comply by an alternative water source or by management or restructuring changes. Exemptions are meant to enable a system to avoid a continuing violation of a standard if it cannot now comply but will in the near future. [117(a)/1416]
- Compliance time frames: The Amendments extend to 3 years the previous, unworkably short 18-month deadline for systems to comply with new regulations, unless EPA determines an earlier date is "practicable." EPA or states (for individual systems) may give an additional 2 years if necessary for capital improvements. [108/1412(b)(10)]
- Monitoring reforms: States may grant "interim monitoring relief" to systems under 10,000 (exempting them from additional quarterly monitoring) if monitoring done at the time of "greatest vulnerability to the contaminant" fails to detect it, and the state finds that further monitoring is unlikely to detect it. This relief may not cover any microbiological contaminants (or their indicators), disinfectants, or disinfection or corrosion byproducts. [125(b)/1418(a)]
States with an approved program for source water assessments may implement tailored, alternative monitoring requirements for any contaminant for which interim relief may be granted (except unregulated microbiological contaminants or indicators). This provision strikes a balances encompassing two key aims of the new law: more flexibility for states to craft a drinking water program that responds to local conditions and needs, and the assurance that both regulation and deregulation under that program will be solidly founded on good science. The new law also explicitly protects "existing authorities" available to states to alter monitoring requirements through waivers or other EPA initiatives, such as the chemical monitoring reform process now underway. [125(b)/1418(b)-(d)]
- Enforcement: The Amendments streamline processes for administrative compliance orders and penalties up to $5000, raise the administrative and emergency penalty caps, make enforceable many SDWA provisions and requirements imposed under them by EPA or primacy states, and give up to a 2 year enforcement moratorium for violations being remedied by a specific plan to consolidate with another system. states must also adopt administrative penalty authority for primacy. These measures will facilitate more effective enforcement, encouraging compliance while keeping safeguards for systems. [113/1414]
- Radon, Arsenic, Disinfection Byproducts (DBP)/Cryptosporidium, Sulfate:
Arsenic: EPA is required to conduct additional research on arsenic, particularly the health effects at low levels of exposure, after consultation with NAS and others. EPA must propose a regulation not later than January 1, 2000, and issue a final regulation 12 months later. The objective is to provide for a better understanding of arsenic's characteristics in drinking water that may create chronic health effects, within a time frame to regulate that is limited but longer than permitted under the previous law. As the conference report suggests, EPA has already initiated a research partnership on this issue with the American Water Works Association Research Foundation, and intends to continue in that direction under the statutory timetable. [109(a)/1412(b)(12)(A)]
Radon: EPA is to arrange for a risk assessment by NAS, issue a cost-benefit analysis within 30 months, and issue a proposed regulation within 36 months. If the resulting MCL for radon is "more stringent than necessary to reduce the contribution to radon in indoor air from drinking water to a concentration that is equivalent to the national average concentration of radon in outdoor air," then EPA must establish an alternative MCL at a level that would reduce such contribution to the level equivalent to outdoor air radon. Water systems may comply with the alternative level if their state develops and implements a program for multi-media radon risk reduction that achieves risk reduction benefits equal to or greater than those that would be achieved under the MCL promulgated using the cost-benefit analysis. In states without an approved multi-media mitigation program, systems may submit a local program to EPA under the same criteria, conditions and approval process applicable to states. [109(b)/1412(b)(13)]
This multi-media approach is consistent with the basic philosophy of the new statute, to enable cost-effective risk reduction to be used for each contaminant. Compared to the contribution from drinking water, indoor air is generally the dominant form of exposure to radon, and the new law permits states and systems to reduce risk through that avenue of exposure where it would be more cost-effective than through drinking water.
DBPs/Cryptosporidium The negotiated schedule for disinfection byproducts/Cryptosporidium is established in the law, and the Explanatory Statement of the Conference Committee addresses both the process of and the substance adopted by the regulatory negotiation for DBPs/Cryptosporidium. The new law allows EPA to use the risk-risk authority but precludes use of the new 1412(b)(6) cost-benefit provision to regulate DBPs, and deems the "considerations used in the development of the [DBP] proposal" as consistent with the risk-risk authority for the purposes of the Stage I and Stage II DBP rules. [102(a)/1412(b)(2)(C); 104(a)/1412(b)(6)(C); 104(b)]
Sulfate: EPA must conduct, jointly with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a dose-response study for sulfate within 30 months. Sulfate will thereafter be considered in the first round of the new contaminant selection process. If EPA determines to regulate sulfate, such regulation shall include the flexible compliance options similar to those proposed by EPA in November, 1994. This approach serves the purpose for sulfate that the new contaminant selection process does for the drinking water program as a whole: to allow for the better prioritization of the nation's resources to the severity of the risks. [109(a)/1412(b)(12)(B)]
A Drinking Water State Revolving Fund For States And Communities
The creation of a Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF), to assist communities in installing and upgrading safe drinking water treatment facilities, is among the new statute's most dramatic departures from the past, and among the most important changes in the nation's drinking water program since passage of the original SDWA in 1974. President Clinton proposed this SRF in 1993 to advance the same kind of national commitment to safe drinking water as America has made to wastewater treatment and clean water.
- Drinking Water State Revolving Fund: The SRF is authorized at $599 million for Fiscal Year 1994, and $1 billion annually thereafter through Fiscal Year 2003. The full span of this authorization is meaningful because the law permits appropriation in future years of any funds authorized but not appropriated in prior years. Funds are allotted to all primacy states (Wyoming is grandfathered) through Fiscal Year 1997 based on the current formula for Public Water System Supervision grants, and thereafter based on the results of the most recent SRF needs survey. EPA must publish the first needs survey within 180 days. A minimum allotment of 1% will be available for all states, and the required state match is 20 percent. One and one-half percent of the SRF can be used for grants to Indian Tribes and Alaska Native villages. Community water systems and non-profit non-community water systems are eligible, but federal systems are not. Projects, including associated land "integral to a project," are eligible if they "will facilitate compliance with" applicable national drinking water regulations or will "significantly further the health protection objectives" of SDWA. states will annually prepare intended use plans identifying eligible projects and their priority, based on seriousness of health risk, compliance needs (including filtration), and system economic need calculated on a per-household basis. states may provide loan subsidies and loan forgiveness to disadvantaged communities for up to 30% of the annual SRF capitalization grant. [130/1452(a) - (b), (d)]
Before Fiscal Year 2002, State Governors may shift up to 33% of the SDWA capitalization grant into the Clean Water SRF, or up to an equivalent dollar amount from the Clean Water SRF into the Safe Drinking Water SRF. [302]
- SRF Grants to states for Prevention Programs and Projects: One of the most notable features of new law is the authorization to states to use SRF funds for the new prevention programs. Up to 10% of their capitalization grants may be used for source water protection, capacity development, and operator certification programs, as well as for the state's overall drinking water program (for which annual grants of $100 million are separately authorized elsewhere in the law [124/1443(a)(7)]). Up to another 15% (no more than 10% for any one purpose) can be used for prevention projects in water systems, including source water protection loans, technical and financial aid for capacity development, source water assessments, and wellhead protection. [130/1452(g)(2), (k)]
These authorizations reflect not only Congress' intention to provide funding for new mandates, but also the high priority and importance placed on these prevention activities -- some of which are discretionary for states and systems. The success of these activities will determine whether the new law's potential as a preventive, environmental statute is realized, and how far we as a nation can advance under it towards the sustainable use of water. Appropriately, extremely wide discretion is assured to states in both the design and implementation of these activities, and in the allocation of SRF grant funds to them. This will enable states to further state priorities, and to coordinate with other state and local activities that may help meet the objectives of the new prevention programs.
The authorization of funds for these programs and activities also reflects the broader balance struck on funding priorities in the new law. The SDWA needs surveys will define needs requiring substantial levels of SRF funding if the new loan program is to be effective in helping to address those needs on a sustainable, long-term basis (that is, if the SRF is to revolve at a level responsive to the needs). Because prevention programs are cost-effective means to avoid the need for treatment, they also are vital to prevent capital compliance needs from growing unmanageably. The structure of the new SRF can meet both objectives -- and assure safe drinking water for decades to come -- if we make a sustained commitment to sufficient funding to achieve the promise of this critical program.


text:
A survey done by Allianz car insurance has found that over half of male drivers confess that good-looking women steal their attention away from what is happening on the road while they are driving.
The survey gives an insight into how easily distracted men are by the opposite sex when driving. Of the 1425 men and women who responded to the survey, 50.9% of men admitted they are distracted by a good-looking woman while driving. This staggering proportion of dangerously distracted men was in dramatic contrast to the 15.2% of women who confessed to taking a peek at handsome men.
It's an alarming fact but not one that would immediately spring to mind when considering all the things that can break a driver's concentration, such as mobile phones ringing, avoiding bus lanes and trying to drown out insufferable backseat drivers. To many people these would all seem to be probable causes for distraction, but the excuse of seeing a hot guy or girl almost seems comical.
Well, the survey suggests otherwise and instead shows that attractive people - for both male and female drivers - are in fact a cause of distraction for 34% of respondents.
When it comes down to it, men are just as likely to stare at the ladies whether they are single or taken. 54.2% of our surveyed bachelors agreed that women can steal their attention away from the road and a similarly high 49.5% of men in committed relationships made the same confession! On the flip side, girlfriends and wives are half as likely to be distracted by attractive men (12.5%) as their single friends (21.3%).
What happens when salary comes into the equation? Of the males that chose to disclose their annual incomes, 58.9% of men earning $100,000 or more are distracted by women whilst behind the wheel as compared to the 43.4% who earn less than $50,000 per annum. Why is that so? Perhaps everything looks clearer from a convertible with the top down. Or maybe it's the complete opposite and expensive vehicles with tinted windows make sneaky peeks easier.
The survey has found that Victorian men are more likely than males in NSW to be distracted by beautiful women. These figures are 57.4% and 46.1% respectively. Females who responded to the survey in Victoria and NSW are closer to one another on the scale and are a mere 2% points apart at 17.3% and 15.3%, respectively. Adding another dimension to interstate rivalry, these results beg us to ask the question: Is Victoria home to the most attractive women, or rather to the least focused drivers?


text:
Hi, this is my first post and I am happy to have found this site. It has been many years since I sewed for myself and my son's. Over 30,so I consider myself a beginner as I have forgotten so much. I have a pattern for a simple summer pullover top and I find I need to alter the waist. My bust size is in one column and my waist falls in a larger size. If I use the larger size it will be to large in the bust and my shoulders because they are very narrow and I have trouble with clothes hanging off them, so I thought it would be better to enlarge at the waist. It is only a matter of a half and inch difference between the two size columns. In the correct bust size the waist is a half inch too small. How do I increase the size by a half inch to use the size I want for the bust? Thank you for any help. -- Edited on 4/25/13 11:32 AM --
When you cut (or trace - this is better!) the pattern, you don't have to stick to just one size.
Follow the lines for the smaller size at the top, follow the larger lines from the waist down (sometimes I'm 2 sizes larger at the hip! LOL), and in between follow the general curve of the pattern to join the 2 sizes. You can just eyeball it, or use a French curve or one of the great curved rulers out there.
Here's a perfect illustration (the curved line is the good one) - it even shows a ruler sort of like mine. The difference is here the sizes are for the waist and hip, not bust/waist, but the idea is the same.
-- Edited on 4/25/13 11:53 AM --
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