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|Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin treated with wide local excision and chemoradiation therapy: a case report and review of the literature.
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MedLine Citation:
|PMID: 23133769 Owner: NLM Status: PubMed-not-MEDLINE
|Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin (LELCS) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm microscopically similar to undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It is typically nonaggressive and is treated with wide local excision. However, we present a case of a patient with a regional recurrence and more aggressive LELCS with perineural invasion and positive margins for which he was treated with wide local excision followed by chemoradiation. We discuss the use of chemoradiation for this patient and review the literature, specifically pertaining to treatment of more aggressive cases of LELCS.
|Theresa M Gille; Edward F Miles; Allen O Mitchell
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Publication Detail:
|Type: Journal Article Date: 2012-10-24
Journal Detail:
|Title: Case reports in oncological medicine Volume: 2012 ISSN: 2090-6714 ISO Abbreviation: Case Rep Oncol Med Publication Date: 2012
Date Detail:
|Created Date: 2012-11-07 Completed Date: 2012-11-08 Revised Date: 2013-03-21
Medline Journal Info:
|Nlm Unique ID: 101581035 Medline TA: Case Rep Oncol Med Country: United States
Other Details:
|Languages: eng Pagination: 241816 Citation Subset: -
|Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708, USA.
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Journal Information
Journal ID (nlm-ta): Case Rep Oncol Med
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Case Rep Oncol Med
Journal ID (publisher-id): CRIM.ONCMED
Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Article Information
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Copyright © 2012 Theresa M. Gille et al.
Received Day: 26 Month: 7 Year: 2012
Accepted Day: 10 Month: 10 Year: 2012
Print publication date: Year: 2012
Electronic publication date: Day: 24 Month: 10 Year: 2012
Volume: 2012E-location ID: 241816
PubMed Id: 23133769
|Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of the Skin Treated with Wide Local Excision and Chemoradiation Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
|Theresa M. Gille1
|Edward F. Miles2*
|Allen O. Mitchell1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708, USA
2Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708, USA
|Correspondence: *Edward F. Miles: firstname.lastname@example.com
[other] Academic Editors: A. Goodman, E. Itakura, J. I. Mayordomo, and Y. Yokoyama
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin (LELCS) is an uncommon primary cutaneous neoplasm with less than 60 cases reported in the literature since it was first described by Swanson et al. in 1988 [1]. It has extremely low metastatic potential. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment although radiation has been used in cases which experienced a local recurrence or metastatic disease [1–3]. The use of radiotherapy is currently not well described for LELCS particularly in cases where there were positive margins or perineural invasion. We report a case of a gentleman with a regional recurrence and more aggressive LELCS showing perineural invasion and positive margins after excision. Due to the more aggressive nature of the tumor he was treated with chemoradiation postoperatively.
A 76-year-old male presented to our clinic with a several-month history of a pea-sized lesion in his left upper lip which had been resected by another physician and found to be LELCS. The pathology report for the initial excisional biopsy resection did not comment on margin status. The case was presented to the institution's multidisciplinary tumor board and it was decided that close observation was warranted, rather than further treatment. Ten months later the patient returned with a similar lesion in his right cheek. Physical exam revealed a firm area superolateral to the nasolabial fold on the contralateral side of the face measuring 1.5 cm in largest dimension. It was slightly mobile with respect to the maxilla and overlying skin. He had no palpable lymphadenopathy and there was no palpable lesion in the left upper lip at the site of the original resection. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a 2.8 × 2.6 cm soft tissue mass in the right premaxillary tissue and a positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan showed increased metabolic activity in this tissue but not in the original site. In addition, the PET/CT also demonstrated a 2.2 cm × 2.4 cm ground glass opacity in the left lower lobe of the lung which also had increased metabolic activity. A CT-guided fine needle aspiration of the lung lesion was performed which showed malignant cells consistent with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (insufficient tissue was recovered for further pathologic delineation). Staging studies showed this to be a T1a, N0, M0, Stage IA lung cancer. The patient underwent surgical excision of the new lesion in his right premaxillary space. The pathology revealed LELCS (Figure 1) with infraorbital nerve invasion and vascular invasion as well as positive superficial, medial and deep margins and an indeterminant lateral margin. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for pancytokeratin and CK-5/6 (Figure 2). Additional infra-orbital nerve was resected and was negative for tumor involvement. The patient was again discussed at our institution's tumor board and it was decided that, due to the recurrent nature of this disease, the more aggressive phenotype demonstrating perineural invasion, and the multiple positive margins, that he should receive adjuvant concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy to the tumor resection bed and margin as well as use intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to track the infra-orbital nerve back to the skull base in the area of the trigeminal ganglion. He received 6,000 centigray (cGy) of a planned course of 6,600 cGy, with his course being truncated due to significant oral cavity mucositis. He received concurrent cisplatin (20 milligram per meter squared) weekly for five weeks. He was also referred to an outside institution for stereotactic body radiotherapy for the previously identified solitary lung lesion. He is disease-free two years following completion of his therapy.
LELCS is a rare cutaneous neoplasm found most commonly in the sun-exposed skin of the head and neck although it has also been found on the trunk or extremities [1, 4] and is generally seen in elderly individuals [5]. Although the prognosis is generally good, there have been reports of metastases to lymph nodes at presentation [4] and local recurrence following surgical resection [1]. There is only one other case report in the literature which showed perineural invasion [6]. There has been only one reported death due to metastatic LELCS [1].
LELCS typically presents as a flesh-colored or red, firm nodule, plaque, or papule [5]. It is slow growing and generally asymptomatic and has usually been present in the patient from months to years [7]. Histologically, it is found in the mid to deep dermis and is nonecapsulated [7]. Histologically, LELCS is characterized by lobules, or nests of polygonal epithelioid cells surrounded by a dense infiltrate of T and B lymphocytes [5, 8] (Figure 1). These cytologic features are similar to those of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma but are largely negative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) [5], although a recent case report noted an association of LELCS with EBV [9]. Immunohistochemical staining is positive for pancytokeratin and CK-5/6 (Figure 2) and p63 reactivity with the lymphoid infiltrate positive for CD3 and CD20 [5].
The differential diagnosis includes undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma metastasized from other sites, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma, and cutaneous lymphadenoma. It can generally be differentiated from undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma by the absence of EBV, notwithstanding the recent uncommon case report. It differs from squamous cell carcinoma in that it does not typically involve the overlying epidermis. Melanoma is positive for S100 and lymphoma cells will be positive for lymphoid markers. Cutaneous lymphadenoma is benign and does not have any cytological atypia.
Management should involve a complete head and neck exam to include evaluation of the nasopharynx to rule out metastasis from nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma [10]. Wide local excision has been the mainstay of treatment with radiation reserved for tumor recurrences [1, 2] or patients with lymph node metastasis at presentation [3]. There is only one other report of perineural invasion which was treated with Mohs micrographic surgery [6]. Mohs micrographic surgery has also been used as an alternative method for resecting LELCS based on the tendency of the tumor to recur following incomplete surgical excision [10, 11]. Due to the recurrent nature of the disease, the more aggressive phenotype demonstrating perineural invasion, and the multiple positive margins in this patient, aggressive adjuvant therapy with radiation and chemotherapy was felt to be indicated.
The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. One of the authors is a military service member and an employee of the U.S. Government. This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that "Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government." Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a United States Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the United States Government as part of that person's official duties.
|Swanson SA,Cooper PH,Mills SE,Wick MR. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skinModern PathologyYear: 1988153593652-s2.0-00240820583237711
|Ortiz-Frutos FJ,Zarco C,Gil R,Ballestin C,Iglesias L. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skinClinical and Experimental DermatologyYear: 199318183862-s2.0-00274067758440065
|Takayasu S,Yoshiyama M,Kurata S,Terashi H. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skinJournal of DermatologyYear: 19962374724752-s2.0-00297418128772027
|Hall G,Duncan A,Azurdia R,Leonard N. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin: a case with lymph node metastases at presentationAmerican Journal of DermatopathologyYear: 20062832112152-s2.0-3374774773616778488
|Welch PQ,Williams SB,Foss RD,Tomaszewski MM,Gupta A,Ojha J. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of head and neck skin: a systematic analysis of 11 cases and review of literatureOral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and EndodontologyYear: 2011111178862-s2.0-78650419405
|Robins P,Perez MI. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin treated by Mohs micrographic surgeryJournal of the American Academy of DermatologyYear: 1995325 I8148162-s2.0-00289027157722033
|Cavalieri S,Feliciani C,Massi G,et al. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skinInternational Journal of Immunopathology and PharmacologyYear: 20072048518542-s2.0-3774905119618179760
|Arsenovic N. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin: new case of an exceedingly rare primary skin tumorDermatology Online JournalYear: 2008148, article 122-s2.0-50849126882
|Aoki R,Mitsui H,Harada K,et al. A case of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin associated with Epstein-Barr virus infectionJournal of the American Academy of DermatologyYear: 20106246816842-s2.0-7774926455920227583
|Glaich AS,Behroozan DS,Cohen JL,Goldberg LH. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin: a report of two cases treated with complete microscopic margin control and review of literatureDermatologic SurgeryYear: 20063223163192-s2.0-3364506102216442062
|Jimenez F,Clark RE,Buchanan MD,Kamino H. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin treated with Mohs micrographic surgery in combination with immune staining for cytokeratinsJournal of the American Academy of DermatologyYear: 19953258788812-s2.0-00289281477536761
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Those in the Boardman area already know they can turn to Toyota for innovative, eco-friendly vehicles (i.e. the Toyota Prius). But did you know that you can turn to the automaker for grant funding as well? That's right. Toyota, along with its green partner The National Audubon Society, is now taking applications for its TogetherGreen Fellowship and TogetherGreen Grant programs.
To give you a bit of background 411, Toyota and Audubon have been working together in a conservation alliance dubbed "TogetherGreen" since 2008. Both extremely conscious of our impact on the environment, the two partners have built the promise to create a greener, healthier future through innovation and conservation leadership.
Those seeking out support to help make a personal green goal a reality should look no further than Toyota and Audubon's Fellowship funding. This initiative offers a $10,000 grant to individuals who will take on a 12-month conservation project in their community. In addition to financial support, TogetherGreen will also guide the fellow through specialized, conservation training.
Already have a green group and in need of a grant to get it going? If so, then the TogetherGreen Innovation Grant program is perfect for you and your fellow eco-lovers. Through a series of $5,000-$80,000 grants, Toyota provides fiscal backing to 40 different group projects or more.
In order to apply for either of these Toyota-Audubon programs, simply hop on either of the two following sites by March 5: www.togethergreen.org/Grants/GrantsGuidelines.aspx or www.togethergreen.org/fellows. Of course, you can also do your part to save Mother Nature by driving one of the fuel-efficient new Toyota vehicles at Toyota of Boardman, 8250 Market Street Boardman, OH 44512. Don't hesitate to contact one of our brand advisors and make the switch to Toyota today.

subset: commoncrawl


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International Economic Law
This course focuses on how countries, international organizations, multinational corporations and non-governmental organizations have responded to the global financial crisis. We look at how International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and International Finance have been impacted. Topics explored include: how the bank bailouts have effected global finance, why China and Germany are growing while others stagnate, debates over decisions by countries to pursue stimulus or austerity, global employment crises, and US efforts to become an export-led economy. International Economic Law lies at the heart of these debates.
Credits: 3
Type: LEC


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By On the occasion of our 20th anniversary
Why Do Mexis Like Wrought-Iron Fences?
By Gustavo Arellano
By R. Scott Moxley
By Alfonso Delgado
Women For: OC are Stitching and Bitching
By Courtney Hamilton
Santa Ana River Ready for Its Renaissance
By Joel Beers
By Peter Maguire
Can Tech Ruin the Kim Pham Murder Trial?
By Charles Lam
As the war expanded into the Philippines, an army MH-47E chopper crashed over the Pacific in February, killing all 10 troops aboard. And just last week, on May 8, two Navy T-39 Sabreliner jets went down near Pensacola, Florida, claiming the lives of seven passengers —among them two civilians and a Saudi air officer.
Military insiders say the rash of downings stems from the obvious increase in flight time, both for combat and training. Pentagon whistle-blower Chuck Spinney discounted the age of the fleet, saying aircraft should be continually overhauled anyway. Spinney said there are other forces at work. "In Afghanistan, one of the factors is the altitude and wind conditions," he said. "It gets more difficult to fly in the mountains. You have updrafts and downdrafts and side drafts, and in a combat situation, you may be tempted to land too fast. Another reason is just the gobs and gobs of dust.
"Blaming it on age is a very dangerous thing," Spinney continued. "The Marines in part want you to believe that the age is a problem because they want these V-22s"—a next-generation chopper—"which are a piece of shit."
A May 11 article in The New York Times mentioned that "thousands of satellite photographs of Afghanistan lay idly in storage at the height of the American military campaign." Could the lack of adequate maps have played a role? Were the deaths from poor training or musty equipment? One Pentagon spokesperson declined to comment. Another said the number of crashes didn't seem unusual to him.Additional reporting by Gabrielle Jackson, Meritxell Mir and Michael Ridley.
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Blues are demonstrating their new offensive mentality
Improving offensive output was an offseason emphasis for the Blues, and three games in, you sure can tell
By ANDY STRICKLANDÂ FS Midwest
ST. LOUIS -- A St. Louis Blues team that had to win a lot of 2-1 games to make the playoffs last year has come out smokin' offensively this season, winning its first three games by a combined score of 14-4. Ten players have produced those 14 goals, including three by Alexander Steen and two each by David Backes and Vladimir Tarasenko.
That's no accident.
The Blues knew they needed to improve their scoring. They finished 17th in the NHL in goals per game last season, and teams that finish near the top of the league offensively tend to go deep in the playoffs. The Chicago Blackhawks finished second overall in goals and first in five-on-five scoring en route to the Stanley Cup last year. The Boston Bruins, the Stanley Cup champions two years earlier, finished in the top five in goals and first in 5-5 scoring. Sandwiched in between were the Los Angeles Kings, who finished next to last in goals but rode a goaltending performance for the ages by Jonathan Quick to the title. The Kings were the exception to the rule.
So, over the summer, Blues coach Ken Hitchcock and his staff studied the most successful scoring teams in the league. What is it that separates the Pittsburgh, Chicago and Boston offenses from everyone else's? Sure, Sidney Crosby, Patrick Kane and Patrice Bergeron have something to do with this, but so does the mentality of the entire team. These teams love to score.
And they are smart about it. They focus on puck possession. They are patient. Above all, they are creative. They look to make plays, capitalizing on the skill on their rosters.
The Blues have offensive skills up and down their roster. After three games, those skills are being demonstrated on the ice.
"We want to play with the puck," Hitchcock says.
This offensive mentality requires 200-foot players -- guys who play hard from one end of the rink to the other. Part of being a 200-foot player is being able to control the offensive end of the ice. Typically, the best defensive clubs are the ones that spend the most time in the offensive end of the rink anyway.
"The best teams in the league have the most 200-foot players," Hitchcock says.
The message being sent to the Blues kicking off the 2013-14 season has been music to the ears of guys like Steen, T.J. Oshie, Patrik Berglund and Jaden Schwartz -- guys who came into the league as offensive players and are far more comfortable playing in a system that encourages playmaking and creativity.
There are times when it's necessary to get pucks deep in the offensive zone or chip it off the glass when caught defensively, but the Blues are a skilled, heavy team that plays with pace. You ask any coach in the league what they want in their forwards and most will tell you size, speed and skill. Few rosters bring all three up and down their lineup.
The Blues do. They have the luxury of being able to roll four lines. Obviously, there will be times when the bench shortens up, but their ability to come in waves makes them a difficult matchup for every team in the league.
It helps when the mentality on the back end matches the hunger up front.
"The coaching staff wants us leading the rush and being involved in everything we do offensively," defenseman Kevin Shattenkirk says.
The Blues activate their defense as much as any team in the league. This isn't limited to Jay Bouwmeester, Alex Pietrangelo and Shattenkirk. Even guys like Roman Polak and Barret Jackman are asked to force the issue offensively. Through the first three games, Polak has played as aggressively in the offensive end as we've seen since he became a full-time NHL player in 2008. It might not lead to impressive individual numbers for Polak, but it keeps the puck in the offensive end, where the Blues want it.
There will be plenty of games when the Blues will need to rely on defense and goaltending to win. That's hockey, and the Blues are built to win any brand of hockey the opposition wants to play. We've seen this already, in both a 7-0 blowout of Florida and Wednesday's 3-2 win over the Blackhawks. Goaltender Jaroslav Halak has been strong in all three games, especially when he made one big save after another against Chicago.
But what we've seen thus far indicates the Blues should feel pretty confident in their ability to control the offensive end of the ice. Playing a fast, puck-possession game doesn't mean being reckless or loose defensively. There shouldn't be any worry for the Blues when it comes to playing a responsible defensive game. It's a big part of their identity, but so is scoring -- and the Blues have shown they can fill the net.
You can follow Andy Strickland on Twitter at @andystrickland or email him at firstname.lastname@example.com. He also writes about the Blues and the NHL at truehockey.com.


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Cold, Snowy Winter Goes Against Usual Weather Trend
Posted By News On March 1, 2010 @ 6:29 am In Today's Local News | Comments Disabled
This winter has certainly been exceptional in terms of the low temperatures and high amount of precipitation, but it's also been exceptional in bucking a long-running weather trend. State Climatologist Harry Hillaker says this is an "El Nino" year in the Pacific Ocean, which traditionally brings Iowa milder than normal mid-winter conditions. Hillaker says the last time an "El Nino" year failed to bring Iowa a mild winter was in 1978.
Article printed from KNIA / KRLS: http://kniakrls.com
URL to article: http://kniakrls.com/2010/03/cold-snowy-winter-goes-against-usual-weather-trend/
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Copyright © 2009 KNIA/KRLS. All rights reserved.


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Red Alert for Ruby-Throated Hummingbirds
In honor of National Migratory Bird Day on May 12, I just wanted to alert you that in Arkansas, this is Ruby-Throated Hummingbird Migration Time!
I have been waiting and watching because the Rubies should be back in Arkansas any day now. Usually they start arriving in early April, and sometimes they come as early as mid-to-late March and then leave again in September or October.
This year, for some reason they're a little late but I am busy preparing my hummingbird feeders because once they're back – they're hungry from their flight up from the south.
Ruby-Throated Hummingbirds normally spend the winter in Central America and their trek north is an amazing one. These tiny flyers manage to fly non-stop across the Gulf of Mexico, traveling up to 2500 miles each fall on their way to nest. From March through May they pass through the eastern two thirds of Texas. Some swing up through Cuba and Florida, probably with a stop at a resort hotel in Orlando, you can bet!
Other brave, strong Rubies barrel straight across the Gulf of Mexico. The birds reach the southern Gulf coast in late February and early March. Later migrants fly to breeding grounds further north so their arrival time to their nesting grounds coincides with when their food source plants are blooming. Only the Ruby-throated Hummingbird breeds east of the Mississippi River. The tiny little newborn hummingbird is about the size of a honeybee, their egg, the size of a pea.
Conversely, their departure times corresponds with the end of the blooming period for those nutrient plants. The fall migration lasts from late July until late October in the southern states.
Nearly all Ruby-Throated Hummingbirds fly south of Mississippi for the winter. Ten other species can be seen in the region during winter so it's a good idea to leave at least one feeder out.
Amazingly, the Ruby-throat beats its wings 40-80 times a second, and maintains an average flight speed of 30 mph while their escape speeds can reach 50 mph. No wonder they can outdistance Marge my cat!


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Special Coverage: SHOT Show 2013
Catch up on the latest in firearms, cleaning tools, protective gear, scopes, and much more from the industry's biggest names as they were presented at this year's SHOT Show at the Sands Expo and Convention Center in Las Vegas. Read product reviews, watch videos, and scan through pictures of the newest in law enforcement tools, apparel, weapons, and gadgets.
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Working with sustainable woods, recycled content fibers, and other "natural" materials is one thing, but I'm always thrilled to come across designers who create unique work out of dumpster diving finds. Junktion, a young Israeli design collective does just that ... they give Tel Aviv's garbage new life as whimsical but functional furnishings.
I'm not certain that the ingenious waste wizards at Junktion actually partake in dumpster diving but I'm guessing that collecting refuse from around Tel Aviv isn't exactly an easy, breezy process. It takes sharp eyes, a sense of adventure, and some pretty serious creativity (I'm reminded of the work of Brooklyn-based Michael Whitney). The mission of Junktion is refreshingly straightforward: "Junktion people believe that there is enough stuff in the world already and try to take from what there already is. We often find our desires in what no longer interests others."
Given Junktion's impressive product output of furniture, accessories, lighting, and more it seems that there's plenty of salvageable junk in Tel Aviv to go around. Pictured below are a few of my favorites: Eclectic Bench (salvaged chairs), Channukah Lamp (cooper plumbing pipes and plugs), Newspaper Cans (carton cans, metal joints), Sack Rugs (rice and coffee bean sacks), and Skateboard Bench (salvaged skateboards, wood bench),
The opinions expressed by MNN Bloggers and those providing comments are theirs alone, and do not reflect the opinions of MNN.com. While we have reviewed their content to make sure it complies with our Terms and Conditions, MNN is not responsible for the accuracy of any of their information.


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Joelle Casteix, western regional director of the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, right, holds photos of three former employees of Palma High School during a news conference in Salinas on Monday. The men are accused of sexual abuse in other schools. The event was staged to urge anyone associated with Palma in the past to come forward if they were victims. Griselda Ramirez/The Salinas Californian
If anyone suffered sexual abuse at the hands of former Palma High School employees, time is running out to seek justice, a national support group for clergy-abuse victims said Monday.
The Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, or SNAP, also named three men who once worked at the private Salinas school and who have been accused of sexual abuse. They are: Brother Jerome Heustis, the Rev. Gerald Funcheon and Brother Robert Brouillette. Their names were also included in a statement released by Brother Patrick Dunne, Palma's president.
The school has been named as one of the Christian ...


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Blog Posts Tagged "Interview"
We frequently talk about the benefits of telecommuting jobs for cancer patients and survivors - flexible hours to work around doctor appointments, working from home to help manage side effects, etc. If you're looking for flexible work, here are a few tips for interviewing for a remote job from an Idealist blog.Continue Reading »
Thank you letters are still essential to modern-day interview etiquette. Most employers will appreciate a thank you letter, if not expect one. Learn why thank you letters are especially beneficial for cancer survivors and how to write an impressive thank you letter.Continue Reading »
We're heading to Philly with SELF and Shiseido Cosmetics for an evening of expert career coaching and beauty tips!Continue Reading »
Part Two discusses a variety of strategies to lessen the impact of unwanted information about yourself in a Google search.Continue Reading »
79% of employers Google job seeks before inviting them for an interview, so monitoring your online brand is crucial. This two-part blog will discuss the steps to take to improve your online brand if you do not currently have any profiles with your name in a Google search and how to lower the impact of unfavorable items about yourself online.Continue Reading »
We're thrilled to announce that our brand new Job Search Toolkit is now available for free order and download! Read on for an overview of the new publication and where to order your copy today!Continue Reading »
This free teleconference will cover the practical and legal challenges that patients and survivors face navigating work and a diagnosis, followed by a Q&A session. Register today!Continue Reading »
Although it's illegal for employers to ask specifics about health, it's not out of the ordinary for them to inquire about a gap in employment during an interview. To make sure you stay in control and feel prepared, it's wise to decide ahead of time what you will say.Continue Reading »
For many job-seeking survivors, a big question is whether and how to address your cancer in an interview.Continue Reading »
The NY Times explores whether or not to disclose a hidden disability in a job interview.Continue Reading »
In today's job market, it's imperative to be able to effectively communicate your value as a potential employee in 15 seconds or less.Continue Reading »
There are tons of questions to consider when preparing for an interview, but which ones are the most critical?Continue Reading »
We recently added two new articles under the Looking for Work section of our website - Mock Interviews and Interviewing Methods and Tips. Read about some of the highlights and then go check them out yourself!Continue Reading »
Change is a constant. And with 2013 just around the corner, this time of year is ripe for change. Whether you're investigating new job opportunities or an employee looking to get ahead and grow within your company, be sure you familiarize yourself with these must-have skills for 2013 that are imperative in an evolving economy & job market.Continue Reading »
Networking, Resumes, Cover Letters, LinkedIn. If you're like many other people, the idea of doing all of these things simultaneously can be mind boggling. Our new videos can help ease your fears!Continue Reading »
Six seconds. That's all the time the average recruiter takes to look at your resume. There are some basic pieces every resume should make stand out so they aren't missed - do you know what they are?Continue Reading »
Thought your pictures and personal information were being shared just among friends? Your next employer may demand access to your Facebook account.Continue Reading »
Six great questions to ask a potential employer in a job interview that will have you leaving a positive impression.Continue Reading »
Check out this article that simplifies every interview into three basic questions.Continue Reading »
Sometimes people put the darndest things on their resumes - check out these items to make sure you're not making these mistakes (or to have a laugh or two!)Continue Reading »


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7 Iceland Road Trips To Get You Out Of Reykjavik
Reykjavik is turning into one of the trendiest vacation spots in the world, but getting out of town is just as good. Here's 7 Iceland Road Trips to check.Read More
Reykjavik is turning into one of the trendiest vacation spots in the world, but getting out of town is just as good. Here's 7 Iceland Road Trips to check.Read More
Legend Has It from Alberta Theatre Projects is an improvisational choose your own adventure show coming to Calgary for the holidays. And you can win tickets!Read More
Just because you have diabetes it doesn't have to mean you can't #BeRemarkable. From kids going to camp to world class hurdlers, watch how diabetes is overcomeRead More
One of the best trend in grown up Christmas countdowning is the creation of beer advent calendars. From unique craft brews to DIY creations, here's a list to getRead More
Back in 2006, I got to spend a day in LA with Christina Aguilera .. sort of. I was there for the launch of her Back to Basics album. Here's the interviewRead More
Tweet When going on a daytrip from Calgary, you can spin the compass in any direction and find adventure. The most popular options are…Read More
Can you really do #everythinginjeans? Let's look at it deeper. From swimming to weddings to job interviews, here's how to do everythinginjeansRead More
Fall is my new year. It's a perfect time to get back into routine, to start a habit, to get back to basics. It's why I run, to lose myself and to find myself.Read More
It's time once again to train for a marathon. It will be my first in 7 years, my 5th career marathon, and it will take me 9 months to get across the finish.Read More
St Patrick's Island in the East Village of Calgary is the perfect place to escape for a day. From playgrounds to greenspace to pebbled beaches and riverfrontRead More
Kids with diabetes need mentors. They need to be assured they can achieve their dreams. Having heroes lets you reach higher, and Max Domi is just that.Read More
Beakerhead is my favorite festival in Calgary. Once again there will be family friendly mind bending events at Beakerhead. Check them out here!Read More
The Coeur D'alene Resort is a world class escape on the shores of Lake Coeur D'Alene. From spa to golf to dining, you're covered. But what I really loved was the boat ride.Read More
Calgary has a rainbow crosswalk to celebrate pride. It's right across from City Hall, and it's a beautiful colorful reminder to love all and not discriminate.Read More
The mountain biking trails on Paskapoo Slopes are some of the best around Calgary, and they're right in the city. Here's maps and a guide to get around.Read More
I got up early on a recent visit to Sandpoint, Idaho and went for a photowalk. From classic neon to dive bars, public art to salad dressing factories, I saw it all.Read More


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E-Z Money Reward Program
Start Saving & Earning Rewards Today!
When you join E-Z Money you'll receive instant discounts and have access to exclusive member only coupons. Plus you'll start earning points that can be redeemed for credits on future rentals with no black out periods.*
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There are two levels of membership in the E-Z Money program, and they are free to join. Choose the program that best fits you and start earning rewards today!
E-Z Money (basic) - Only your name and e-mail address are required to enroll in E-Z Money. You can choose to store additional preferences - like your preferred car class and location - to make your rental car searches quick and easy.
- Free to Join
- Instant Discounts
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- Earn Unlimited Points*
- Free Personalized Page
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This position is closed or expired.
See other Accounting jobs
Operating Finance Manager / Commercial Business Partner – Top MNC
Manpower Professional
Saudi Arabia
Ref: HP647-718
The Role
Location: Saudi
Only Arabic speaking candidates will be considered for this role.
This is a great opportunity to join one of the most dynamic and entrepreneurial growing businesses! The company has 40 years of expertise and operates in most parts of the world.
You will be providing Commercial Support to the regional General Manager of the business and will be responsible for the following:
Main Responsibilities:
Provide commercial support and assistance to the GM in sales contracts
Prepare the management accounts, budgets and forecasts with assistance from shared services
Analyse business performance against key business metrics and document pertinent financial highlights that enable management to track progress against budgets and also improve financial performance
Work with the shared services team for continuous improvement in the processing of transactions and meeting deadlines in group reporting obligations and monthly and year end accounts
Identify, investigate and analyse potential operational improvement as appropriate, based on findings make proposal for operational changes (policy, procedures, processes etc.)
Work closely with the shared services team to ensure completeness and accuracy of accounts
Evaluate capex proposals commercially and advise the local management
To be successful you must have/be:
Arabic speaking
Bachelor's Degree as a minimum, ideally a Qualified Accountant (CA, CPA or ICWA)
Have minimum 3-5 years' in a similar Commercial role in a large MNC
Strong experience in P&L statements analysis
Experience in working with big ERP systems ie SAP, JDE, MS Dynamics
Advanced Excel skills – lookup, PIVOT tables
Excellent interpersonal and communication skills
Ability to communicate efficiently at all levels
About the Company
Manpower is the global leader in contingent and permanent staffing, helping organizations and job seekers succeed by connecting the potential of people with the ambitions of business. Manpower helps find and retain top people in IT, accounting, banking, finance, legal, engineering, sales and marketing.


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Considered by some to be the UK's answer to Will Smith, TV presenter, comedian, pop star/rapper, actor and radio DJ Richard Blackwood has many strings to his bow. As a rapper and singer, Richard had a no.3 hit single in 2000 with his cover of Junior's 'Mama Used To Say' (who happens to be Richard's uncle!), reworked as 'Mama Who Da Man'. Nowadays you will mostly find Richard on the stand-up circuit.
See more info at richardblackwood.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/biography.htm
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How to make purses that are pretty and functional? There are many ways, but inner pockets are a must for all. Here's the tutorial for an easy, no-fuss inner pocket.
Last night I was cleaning out my purse. I found tissues, scissors, candies, pens, post its, hair thingys, bubble gum, stain remover, makeup, etc, etc, etc.
I needed a way to organize all that stuff!
But my purse was just one big bag. There was no way to do it. I decided to make a new purse with many inner pockets to fit all my things.
It's very easy to make this kind of pocket, and it makes your purses so functional! You can add them to any purse pattern you have.
How to Make Purse Pockets
- Decide your pocket size
- Cut a fabric rectangle. Make it twice the desired width and your desired height. Don't forget to add seam allowances.
- Fold the rectangle in half, with the wrong side of fabric outside.
- Sew the three open edges, but leave an opening in the middle of a side.
- Clip the corners to reduce bulk. Make sure you don't accidentally clip any stitches.
- Turn inside out and press flat. Iron the hole's edges towards the inside.
- Interface the part of the lining where the pocket will go.
- Pin your pocket to the lining, making sure that the opening is left towards the bottom.
- Sew the side and bottom edges. You can also sew a couple of vertical lines to divide your pocket.
You're done! If you want to learn more, I suggest you try Design Your Own Handbag. It's an online class where you'll learn professional tips every step of the way, from planning your bag's unique shape and fabrics to adding finishing snaps and straps. You start with a basic handbag shape that can be adapted into an endless variety of styles, including a tote bag, slouchy hobo bag, and curved top bag. Then you'll pick up more advanced skills such as constructing zipper pockets, creating pleats, and attaching hardware. You get to choose your own process and create a chic, custom bag!


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Published on January 25th,2006 at 8:37 AM
By >Daimaou - G.G-B
By >Daimaou - G.G-B
JVC SP-A220 speakers
Category: Audio - Tags:
So you've just bought a small MP3 player, and now you need speakers to let other people enjoy your fave tunes… look no further, JVC has just presented the SP-A220. It pumps out 160mWx2ch, has a battery life of 15h on one AAA battery, measures 4×16.6cm and weighs 145g.
Via JVC-Victor
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- - Japan Probe – News from Japan (Subscribe)


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Best storage for virtual servers: Pros and cons of FC, iSCSI and NAS
Virtual servers need a good shared data storage system. All major networked storage protocols work with virtual machines, but some are better than others in certain environments.02 Sep 2011
The impact of virtual storage appliances
Software-only storage controllers running in virtual machines are an easy, economical way to get shared storage. But current products aren't up to enterprise standards . . . yet.02 Sep 2011
Let's get real about the cloud
Cloud storage is really a pretty simple concept, so how the heck did it get so complicated?02 Sep 2011
Storage magazine's September 2011 PDF
Download Storage magazine's all-digital issue. This month: Choosing storage for virtual servers, cloud backup and Quality Awards for midrange arrays.02 Sep 2011
Storage performance monitoring in a sprawling, virtual world
It's important to stay on track with storage performance monitoring. Read these articles for the latest info on storage monitoring tools, performance metrics, and more.01 Sep 2011


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Emergency NumbersPhone Book (Must be on-campus or have a valid network account)
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Student Fund
Each Year, Every Year
When you support the Student Fund, 100% of your gift goes directly to student scholarships. Every gift matters.
Through your gift to the Student Fund you provide opportunities for students to experience all that Saint John's has to offer.
Help make Saint John's accessible
- 98 percent of Johnnies receive scholarships or financial aid
- The Student Fund provides direct financial support to our students
- The Student Fund reduces the cost of education for students and families
As a Student Fund donor, you receive these benefits:
- Confidence that your gift had a direct impact on a current Johnnie
- An opportunity to renew or deepen your Saint John's ties
- Participation in the Saint John's University Medallion Program
- Recognition in the annual Honor Roll of Donors
- Receipt stating that your gift is tax deductible
About the Student Fund:
Ways to Give
Electronic Transfer
Gifts of Securities
- 320-363-2591
- 800-635-7303
Development Office
Saint John's University
P.O. Box 7222
Collegeville, MN 56321-7222
For more information:
Raj Chaphalkar '08
Director of Annual Giving
Saint John's University
(320) 363-3323


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Zoo 317 Heredity, Evolution and Society
|Lecture 9
|Cummings 4: pp 100-103
II. Genetic distance.
III. Physical maps.
IV. Applications.
Fig. 4.30: The caption states that gene symbols are in red and symbols for other markers are in blue. However, both are in black.
I. A genetic map is a representation of the genes on a chromosome arrayed in linear order w ith distances between loci expressed as percent recombination (map units, centimorgans). Also called a linkage map.
2. Groups of genes that are widely separated on a chromosome may show independent assortment; however, all such groups can eventually be tied together by mapping additional loci between them.
B. The farther apart two loci are, the more likely that a crossover will occur between them. Conversely, if two loci are close together, a crossover is less likely to occur between them.
C. Recombination can only be detected between two loci, both of which are heterozygous.
2. The most useful systems involve codominant alleles.
3. Efficient mapping requires polymorphic loci, i.e. loci with two or more common alleles. Loci that have a single common allele are described as monomorphic.
4. Any variations in DNA, whether in coding regions of genes or in noncoding regions, can be used as genetic markers, i.e. as a label for a particular point on a chromosome.
2. Odd numbers of crossovers create recombinant allelic combinations and are counted as one crossover.
3. A recombination rate of 50% corresponds to independent assortment. Therefore, only distances less than 50 map units can be measured directly. Greater distances can be constructed by adding up distances between closer loci.
F. If two loci are linked, the alleles that are on the same chromosome are described as coupled; alleles on opposite homologous chromosomes are in repulsion.
B. Among the techniques for constructing physical maps are the following:
2. Fluorescent or radioactive probes that bind to a particular gene can be observed microscopically and can be used to localize the gene on a metaphase spread.
3. Chromosomes from cells in metaphase can be sorted with high-speed electronic sorters. One can make preparations of a particular chromosome. If a particular gene can be shown to be in the preparation, it must be located on that chromosome.
B. It is useful in estimating genetic risk, e.g. if a gene cannot be tested directly, then variation at a closely linked locus may indicate the presence or absence of a detrimental allele.
C. A major goal of the Human Genome Project is the mapping of all human genes (as well as those of mice, Drosophila, Caenorabditis elegans (a nematode), Arabidopsis thaliana (a small plant), yeast, and the bacterium Escherichia coli. As of 1999, yeast, E. coli, C. elegans,and about a dozen other bacteria have been completely sequenced and all their genes identified, although the functions of most are unknown. Major progress has been made in mapping human genes, and a "rough draft" of the human genome is anticipated by 2000. Understanding of function of the many newly discovered human genes is being greatly aided by the studies of yeast, which has many genes similar to those of humans.
|genetic map
|physical map
|crossing over
|genetic distance
|linkage group
|map unit
|genetic marker
|cell hybrid


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International Delivery
Looking as beautiful as they sound, these Heavenly Angel wind chimes are that perfect surprise gift for your friend's or family's porch or deck. Ideal for outdoor display, they are Angelic in more ways than one and the elegant chime will attract attention from all their guests.
Delivery Policy
Depending on the order, your gift will be delivered in one of two ways:
1. Expertly arranged & hand-delivered by a local florist in your recipient's zipcode. Same-Day Delivery is available in most areas of the U.S. and Canada when placed by 2:30pm M-F; 2pm Saturday and 11:30am Sunday in your recipientst time zone.
For fruit bouquets, order must be placed by 11am.
2. Shipped fresh overnight from one off our premier floral farms and delivered Next-Day via FedEx or UPS in a signature gift box, ready to be arranged.
Substitution Policy
We do everything we can to make sure your recipient's gift arrives exactly as requested, but sometimes substitutions may be necessary due to availability. Please know that in each instance, the utmost care & attention is given to ensure that your gift is as similar as possible to the requested item and is received in a timely manner.
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Working for someone else is not everyone's cup of tea, but luckily there are other ways to make a buck if you are an entrepreneur. Taking ownership of your own franchise business means that you will be able to be your own boss and work towards a business that you are building up for yourself. If you have the right skills, a franchise business is a great way to make a lot of money, and the best part about it is that you are making the money for yourself. Here are 4 franchise ideas for the entrepreneur.
Cleaning Business
As long as humans exist they will need to clean their homes/offices and other dwellings, and often there are people who are unable to it themselves so they will employ someone else to do it for them. Many businesses hire a commercial cleaner to clean their space because they want to have someone dedicated to doing the job, and doing it well. There are always franchises available for cleaning business such as AMC Cleaning, who are contracted by offices, schools and retail businesses. If you have the skills to run a small business and want to be your own boss then a cleaning business is a great way to go if you are looking at purchasing a franchise. The best part about purchasing a franchise is that you are buying an existing brand that already has its own proven track record for quality workmanship.
A food franchise is a good bet when considering buying a franchise as people always need to eat. If you pick your area well, and bring a food to an area that is lacking in that particular food, you will likely find success in your franchise. A lot of food franchises already have a strong customer base and plenty of people who already enjoy their product, so you will have customers already to come and utilise your business.
The fitness industry has grown considerably in recent years, as people have started getting more health conscious. Good health is an important part of living, and a lot of people have begun to realise that they need help with maintaining their exercise routine. Purchasing a franchise in the fitness industry is a great one as you will be able to enjoy the rewards of assisting people to improve their health and fitness. A lot of people spend a lot of time contemplating how to get their exercise and fitness to a good place, so you all you need to do is appear there to fill the need that is lacking.
Car Detailing
A car detailing business is a great franchise as people will always want to have their cars clean, and often in the fast paced lifestyles that they live, they are unable to clean it themselves. There is a surprising amount of money to be made in this business and people are happy to pay to have someone else clean their car. Often when people have had their car detailed once, they will return for repeat business.
Author: Natalie Brown
Special Blogger
Latest posts by Special Blogger (see all)
- Improving the Web with Speed - November 7, 2014
- How To Boost Your Social Engagement With Hootsuite - October 13, 2014
- 4 Most Efficient eCommerce Web Hosting Shopping Cart Options - October 6, 2014


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Grad students in all of the American History tracks (thesis, non-thesis, Cherokee Studies, Public History) are expected to be familiar with these books. For those with a weaker background in American history, a good book to consult is Eric Foner, ed., The New American History (Philadelphia, 1990). This book covers both the history and historiography in a brief, readable manner. It is, however, a tad dated. Watch for possible new editions.
1. David Hackett Fischer, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America
2. Gary Nash, Red, White, and Black: The Peoples of Early America
3. Jack P. Greene, Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture
4. Alfred Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492
5. Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, A Midwife's Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard
6. James Axtell, The Invasion Within: The Contest of Cultures in Colonial North America
7. Allan Gallay, The Indian Slave Trade
8. Edmund Morgan, American Freedom, American Slavery
9. Linda Kerber, Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America
10. Michael Kammen, A Machine That Would Go of Itself: The Constitution in American Culture
11. Rhys Isaac, Transformation of Virginia
12. Sean Wilentz, Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class
13. Gordon Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution
14. Jonathan Butler, Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People
15. Thomas Dublin, Women at Work: The Transformation of Work and Community in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1826-1850
16. Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846
17. Ira Berlin, Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South
18. Eugene Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made
19. Albert Raboteau, Slave Religion: The 'Invisible Institution' in the Antebellum South
20. Drew Gilpin Faust, Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War
21. Christine Stansell, City of Women: Sex and Class in New York, 1789-1860
22. Barbara Fields, Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland During the Nineteenth Century
23. Jacqueline Jones, Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, Work and the Family From Slavery to the Present
24. James McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution
25. James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
26. Dan Carter, When the War Was Over: The Failure of Self-Reconstruction in the South, 1865-1867
27. Eric Foner, A Short History of Reconstruction
28. Edward Ayers, The Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction
29. Glenda Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920
30. Paul Boyer, Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820-1920
31. David Montgomery, The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 1865-1925
32. Nell Irvin Painter, Standing at Armageddon: The United States, 1877-1919
33. Robert Wiebe, The Search for Order, 1877-1920
34. C. Vann Woodward, The Strange Career of Jim Crow
35. Alan Brinkley, The End of Reform: New Deal Liberalism in Recesison and War
36. Karen Anderson, Wartime Wome: Sex Roles, Family Relations, and the Status of Women During WWII
37. John Morton Blum, V was for Victory: Politics and American Culture During WWII
38. Gary Gerstle, Working Class Americanism
39. Steven Hahn, The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformationof the Georgia Upcountryk 1850-1890
40. Anthony Badger, The New Deal: The Depression Years, 1933-1940
41. Jacqueline Hall, et al, Like A Family: The Making of a Southern Cotton Mill World
42. Frederick Siegel, Troubled Journey: From Pearl Harbor to Ronald Reagan
43. Clayborne Carson, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening
44. John D'Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States
45. Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of America
46. Alice Echols, Daring to be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967-1975
47. Ronald Takaki, A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America
48. George C. Herring, America's Longest War
49. Lisa McGirr, Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right
50. Ted Steinberg, Down to Earth: Nature's Role in American History


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The Courtyard Savannah Midtown Hotel is close to the Savannah Historic District, Tybee Island and Hunter Army Airfield. Our Savannah, Georgia Midtown hotel offers comfortable guest rooms featuring modern d cor, thicker mattresses, crisp bedding, and room to work and relax. To stay productive, we offer a flexible work space with ergonomic chair and free high-speed internet. Guests will enjoy our fitness center and outdoor pool. Our state-of-the-art lobby features flexible spaces to work or relax, free Wi-Fi and easy access to news, weather and airport conditions via our GoBoard . The highlight of our new lobby experience is The Bistro - Eat. Drink. Connect. Enjoy enhanced food and beverage offerings in the morning, all-new dinner service or The Market, open 24-hours. Our 24-hour Business Center offers 2 computers, complimentary printing, fax and Internet. Our two Savannah Midtown meeting rooms are ideal to host your next business meeting or event. Experience a whole new stay at our hotel in Midtown Savannah.
Amenities· 24-hour front desk
· Accessible facilities
· Accessible parking
· Barber shop - (In Area)
· Beauty shop/salon - (In Area)
· Boarding pass print-out available
· Bookstore - (In Area)
· Business center
· Business services
· Car rental desk - (In Area)
· Coin operated laundry
· Complimentary in-room coffee or tea
· Complimentary newspaper in lobby
· Dinner delivery service from local restaurant - (In Area)
· Drugstore/pharmacy - (In Area)
· Dry cleaning
· Efolio available to company
· Elevators
· Exercise gym
· Express check-out
· Florist - (In Area)
· Food and beverage outlets
· Free high speed internet connection
· Free parking
· Front desk
· Full service housekeeping
· Hair dryer
· Hair dryer
· Health club
· High speed internet access
· High speed wireless
· Housekeeping - daily
· Ice machine
· Individual Efolio available
· Interior corridors
· Ironing board
· Laundry/Valet service
· Meeting rooms
· Non-smoking rooms (generic)
· On-Site parking
· Onsite laundry
· Outdoor pool
· Parking
· Pool
· Public area air conditioned
· Restaurant
· Safe deposit box
· Security
· Spa - (In Area)
· Valet cleaning
· Valet same day dry cleaning
· Wakeup service
· Whirlpool
· Wireless internet connection in public areas
Room InformationThe amenities listed in this description represent a sample of amenities available in some or all guest rooms in this hotel
High speed internet connection, Internet access, Wireless internet connection, High speed wireless, Coffee/Tea maker, Wet bar, Alarm clock, Air conditioning, Air conditioning individually controlled in room, Outdoor space, Bathtub/shower combination, Marble bathroom, Private bathroom, Hairdryer, Upgraded bathroom amenities, Separate closet, Closets in room, Iron, Bathroom amenities, Down/feather pillows, Foam pillows, Pillow top mattress, Duvet, Sofa bed, Cribs, Local calls, Free toll free calls, Mini-refrigerator, Microwave, Color television, Plug & play panel, Premium movie channels, CNN availaible, HBO available, ESPN available, All news channel, AM/FM radio, Remote control television, Large desk, Chair provided with desk, Desk with electrical outlet, Spare electrical outlet available at desk, Electrical current voltage, Telephone, Voice mail, Multi-line phone, Connecting rooms
Miscellaneous Information
· American Dollars is the native currency.
· Check in time is 3:00 PM
· Check out time is 12:00 PM
· Opened in 1986
· Renovated in 01/01/2013
· 144 rooms.
· 12 suites.
· 3 floors.
Cancellation Policy
Cancel policy may be more restrictive based on rate / room booked, season, special events
Restaurant InformationThe Bistro Eat. Drink. Connect.
Your food and beverage destination for refreshing breakfast choices in the morning, and a variety of dinner and cocktail options in the evening. The Bistro also offers specialty beverages made with Starbucks coffee to help you get a jump on the day.
Meeting FacilityMeeting Room B Meeting Room A
Recreation Information
Health club
Bowling alley
Bike trail
Hiking trail
Horseback riding
Outdoor pool
Children's program
Fitness center on-site
Area Attractions- Savannah City Market
- Greyhound
- Sand Gnats Baseball
- Savannah Civic Center
- Old Town Trolley Tours
- Ghosts and Gravestones - Ghost Tour in Savannah
- Historic Savannah Carriage Tours
- Old Savannah Tours
- Amtrak Savannah Station
- Savannah International Trade and Convention Center
- Forsythe Park and Fountain
- Davenport House Museum
- Mighty Eight Air Force Museum
- Roundhouse Railroad Museum
- Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum
- Telfair Museum of Art
- Grayson Stadium
- Troy University
- Columbia College
- Savannah College of Art and Design
- Armstrong Atlantic State University
- Savannah State University
- Savannah Technical College
- South University
- Tybee Island
- Downtown Riverfront
- Ogelthorpe Mall
- Savannah Mall
- Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace
- Mighty Eight Air Force Heritage Museum
- Savannah Riverboat Cruises
- Bonaventure Cemetery
- International Paper
- Gulfstream
- Rolls-Royce
- St. Joseph's/Candler Hospital
- Flight Safety
- BellSouth
- Verizon Wireless
- Memorial Health
- Hunter Army Airfield
- Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport
- Johnny Mercer Theatre
- The Lucas Theatre
- St. Patrick s Day Festivities
- Savannah Food and Wine Festival
- 3.Rock and Roll Marathon
- Art March
- Savannah s Lighted Christmas Parade


text:
False Claim of Support or Endorsement (Minn. Stat. § 211B.02)
Bicking v. Rybak for Mayor (7/28/09) (failure to get written permission)
Schmidt v. Cave and Maplewood Firefighters Assoc. (10/04/07) (statement that "Maplewood Fire" endorses candidate falsely implies endorsement by fire department)
Meinzer v. Jasicki (10/19/06) (photo of candidate in firefighting attire and logo of fire department not enough to imply endorsement by fire department)
Maloney v. Anderson (8/11/06) (use of term "reelect")
Stone v. Kummer (10/13/05) (use of initials "DFL" by non-endorsed candidate)
Disclaimer requirement (Minn. Stat. § 211B.04)
Riley v. Jankowski, 713 N.W.2d 379 (Minn. App.), review denied (Minn. 2006). (Disclaimer requirement found unconstitutional.) Minnesota Court of Appeals Decision
NOTE: Minn. Legislature amended Minn. Stat. § 211B.04, effective June 1, 2010 applying to campaign material prepared and disseminated on or after that date. Please note, the Citizens United v. FEC decision may affect this statutory provision.
Gadsden v. Kiffmeyer, (11/1/10) (incumbent's constituent informational mailing deemed campaign material but found to substantially comply with disclaimer requirement.)
False Campaign Material (Minn. Stat. § 211B.06)
To be found to have violated section 211B.06, two requirements must be met: (1) a person must intentionally participate in the preparation or dissemination of false campaign material; and (2) the person preparing or disseminating the material must know that the item is false, or act with reckless disregard as to whether it is false. Thus, the Complainant has the burden at the hearing to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the Respondents either published the statements knowing the statements were false, or that they "in fact entertained serious doubts" as to the truth of the publication or acted "with a high degree of awareness" of its probable falsity. [1]
As interpreted by the Minnesota Supreme Court, the statute is directed against false statements of fact. It is not intended to prevent criticism of candidates for office or to prevent unfavorable deductions or inferences derived from a candidate's conduct. [2] In addition, the burden of proving the falsity of a factual statement cannot be met by showing only that the statement is not literally true in every detail. If the statement is true in substance, inaccuracies of expression or detail are immaterial. [3]
Pahl v. Mucciacciaro (2/11/09) (claim that city council spent down reserve was knowingly false)
Jackson v. Downey (12/08/08) (claim that candidate did not support legislation was not false where candidate voted against earlier version of bill)
Sluss v. MCCL PAC (4/17/07) (claim that candidate refused to commit to issue not false where candidate refused to fill out questionnaire asking candidates for such commitments)
Posusta and Herbst v. Wojchouski and Patch (1/29/07) (statement that candidate "accosted and battered" a high school student knowingly false)
Election Day Prohibitions (Minn. Stat. § 211B.11)
Guy and Schimming v. Riverblood (6/05/09) (prohibitions against campaigning near polling place cannot be enforced on private property)
Van Klompenburg v. Clausen (11/09/06) ("mingling" with voters not enough to establish violation)
Legal Campaign Expenditures (Minn. Stat. § 211B.12)
Kaari v. Johnson, (3/2/10) (city council member found to have converted to personal use money contributed to her political committee)
Bribery and Solicitation (Minn. Stat. § 211B.13) (statute prohibits giving something of monetary value to induce voting)
Campbell v. Grant County Republican Party (8/04/08) (bottled water)
Hagen v. Evens (10/26/06) (ice cream)
Schauer v. Gillaspie (10/11/06) (notepads)
Wyckoff and Lane v. Peterson and Williams (4/25/05) (chicken dinners)
Kalil v. Knutson (9/10/04) (parade candy)
Prohibited Corporate Contributions (Minn. Stat. § 211B.15)
Republican Party v. Horner, (7/1/10) (candidate not found to have received prohibited corporate contributions in the form of polling data that was available free of charge)
Adams v. Anderson & Klatt True Value (11/19/08) (lawn signs on corporate property determined to be prohibited corporate contribution)
Rego v. 94 West Business Center, et al (10/31/08) (Federal Election Campaign Act governs contributions to federal candidates and preempts § 211B.15)
Sween v. Kelly and Hanson Marketing (10/28/08) (five page magazine article not a prohibited contribution under media exemption for news items)
Rossbach v. Hjelle, et al (6/06/06) (Because candidate paid for his lawn signs with a check drawn on his business account, he violated § 211B.13 by accepting a prohibited corporate contribution under § 211B.15)
Moses v. Roseville Properties (10/27/05) (prohibition against corporate contributions does not apply to partnerships)


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Does anyone else sense BREW Level 2 Kidd coming soon? Cause unless Eibon/Cthulhu or a reborn Mosquito shows up, I doubt any of them can take on Justin and Noah tag team.
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Does anyone else sense BREW Level 2 Kidd coming soon? Cause unless Eibon/Cthulhu or a reborn Mosquito shows up, I doubt any of them can take on Justin and Noah tag team.
Eibon Pwned All.Owned.
Kid&Black Star vs Justin,beacuse Eibon would pwn all.They will somehow manage to escape and the end of arc.
2 months no chapter aaw.
He's not Eibon, he is Noah and his weapon is The Book of Eibon so that from the begining they misunderstand that he is Eibon XD. Wonder how he got that book :rolleyes:
Wait, if Tezca's a living mirror, how much awful luck must Noah have right now?
Dunno if that were already posted i found the Cover magazine and colorspread + the cover of the vol. 18
The cover of Vol.18 is awesome, Black Star *_*
Btw, If Stein had fought with Marie, i think that Noah did not win: (
That Dragon's Heads.... Are Freddy (nightmare on elm street), LeatherFace (Texas chainsaw massacre), and Jason (Friday the 13th).... Seriously...
Another sexy Maka cover? I can only imagine the one for 81.
I'm not sure what they're trying to do with this. I get she's the main character, but weren't portions of the earlier chapters about how the guys were, uh, looking elsewhere, but is that the right character for fanservice?
The page right after the chapter was about new wallpapers at the gangan magazine website, I downloaded them, here you go:
http://i198.photobucket.com/albums/a...aka_Albarn.jpg http://i198.photobucket.com/albums/a...Black_Star.jpg http://i198.photobucket.com/albums/a...th_The_Kid.jpg
The cover of volume 18 is epic. Black Star on cover is instant win.
Here in my country are only seven volumes out. Its still a long way to go. ;_;
Nice and interesting chapter,though it seemed that their fight with Eibon was easy,but the end of the chapter will probably be the real beginning of epic battle...
I still think they will fail.Eibon is one of 2 important evil characters,and I don`t think that he would get killed by BS and Death the Kid,they don`t even have Death Scythes.Yes,I know they are strong but I wish they will defeat Eibon after everybody will get maximum power.
I`m looking forward for next chapter...
Soul Eater 81 color page taken from the gangan site


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November 25, 2015
A law that would've allowed at least one eastern Kentucky city to enact a restaurant tax failed to pass.
The house bill failed to pass before the state legislature adjourned Tuesday night.
State representative Rick Nelson says the measure would have allowed the Middlesboro City Council to enact a tax on meals to create much needed revenue for the city.
Opponents worried that would create a precedent for other cities.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
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The Wilson County Board of Education may not always get it right, but careful consideration of the consequences Director of Schools Tim Setterlund should face is the correct course of action to take in this case.
For more than two hours, the board met with its attorney Mike Jennings behind closed doors to weigh its options Sunday after Setterlund admitted to having a beer at a local establishment and then getting behind the wheel of a county vehicle. Following Jennings' recommendation, the board agreed to take action following careful consideration of the facts, as well as board policy and state law.
On two prior occasions, Setterlund has involved both himself and the board in lawsuits after he dissolved two positions within Wilson County schools.
Thus, he effectively got rid of two longstanding employees, Bill Moss and Jill Micco, each of whom had not a blemish on their records of service.
Setterlund has since rehired Moss, but both lawsuits remain pending.
These two instances, along with Director of Safety David Burton's recent firing, aren't viewed as the way to treat employees who have dedicated years of their lives to improving Wilson County schools.
Setterlund's case should be no different, except that the three employees previously mentioned answered to the director of schools, As director of schools, Setterlund answers to the board.
The board is wise in this case to take heed to the facts and not make an emotional decision, rather one that aligns with policies. After all, Setterlund, like those under him, are under contract, and his firing could bring about yet another lawsuit.
There is little doubt some of the decisions Setterlund has made in the nearly seven months he has served as director of schools are questionable, at best.
Let's hope the board, along with everyone, hears Setterlund's explanation before a well-thought-out verdict is rendered.


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The Cardinals traded David Freese (and a reliever) to the Angels for Peter Bourjos (and a prospect) this afternoon, both teams announced. This is notable because the Yankees were discussing Freese with St. Louis recently, but talks didn't advance because New York didn't have much to offer. There was some belief they could revisit talks later in the offseason, but forget that now. Even if Alex Rodriguez does not get suspended, the Yankees need to look for a capable third baseman just because he's such an injury risk.
Scouting The Trade Market: David Freese
I feel like this was inevitable. At some point this winter, the Yankees would be connected to David Freese. It made too much sense. The Cardinals don't need him anymore with second baseman Kolten Wong ready (Matt Carpenter would slide back to third) and the Bombers need some help at the hot corner. Add in the big-ish name, past postseason success, and familiarity with a baseball-crazy market and pennant races and all that, and it's a match made in rumor heaven.
The Yankees have long had their eyes on Freese — they reportedly agreed to acquire him from the Padres for Kei Igawa back in 2007, but George Steinbrenner backed out because he didn't want to eat any of Igawa's contract — and sure enough, Mark Feinsand reported yesterday two sides have been talking trade. Later in the day we found out a deal is unlikely because they don't match up well, or, in other words, the Cardinals don't have much interest in what New York has to offer. That doesn't mean a trade is off the table completely though, the offseason is still young and these two clubs have months to find common ground. Does he fit the Yankees' needs though? Let's take a look, starting with the negatives.
The Cons
- Freese's power was absent in 2013. He slugged only nine homers with a .119 ISO in 521 plate appearances, down from the almost perfectly league average .150 ISO he posted from 2009-2012. Freese saw his HR/FB rate drop from 18.8% in 2011-2012 to 10.5% this year.
- His batted ball profile did not change (no sudden spike in ground balls, for example) and his .320 BABIP this past summer was actually a career-low by more than 30 points. He's a high-BABIP hitter who managed a career-worst .262/.340/.381 (106 wRC+) in 2013.
- Freese is pretty bad defensively regardless of whether you want to use the eye test or the various fielding stats: -14 DRS, -13.1 UZR, -12.5 FRAA, and -19 Total Zone in his career. If you watched the postseason at all, you saw how positively statuesque he is at third.
- Freese won't give you anything on the bases. He's gone 6-for-12 in stolen base attempts in his 466-game big league career and he's taken the extra base (first-to-third on a single, etc.) just 34% of the time, below the 40% league average.
- The injury history is rather long. Freese missed time with back trouble this season (started the year on the DL) and he's had three surgeries since breaking into the show: left heel debridement (2009), right ankle tendon reconstruction (2010), and a left hand fracture (2011). He's also had a lot of day-to-day stuff over the years (mostly hamstring and wrist).
- I usually try to steer clear of off-the-field stuff here, but Freese has three alcohol-related arrests in his recent past and that seems like something worth mentioning. He was arrested for DUI in 2002 and again 2009, and was also arrested for public intoxication and resisting arrest in 2007. The second DUI was a violation of his probation stemming from the 2007 arrest.
The Pros
- Freese didn't hit this past season but he has hit every other year of his career, putting up a .296/.363/.446 (125 wRC+) line from 2009-2012 and .293/.372/.467 (133 wRC+) with 20 homers in 567 plate appearances in 2012 alone. Both his walk (career 8.6%) and strikeout (21.0%) rates are right in line with the league averages.
- As a right-handed batter, he does most of his damage against lefties (career 134 wRC+) but can still hold his own against righties (114 wRC+). Even this past season, the worst of his career, he managed a tolerable 98 wRC+ against righties. He doesn't need a platoon partner.
- We have to mention the postseason, right? Freese is a career .289/.357/.518 (141 wRC+) hitter with seven homers in 185 plate appearances across 41 postseason games, but I have to point out those numbers were built almost entirely during that monster 2011 run (245 wRC+). He was okay in 2012 (106 wRC+) and downright awful in 2013 (50 wRC+).
- Matt Swartz projects Freese to earn $4.4M through arbitration next season — for some reason I thought it was over $7M — and he will remain under team control as an arbitration-eligible player in 2015 as well. He won't be eligible for free agency until the 2015-2016 offseason.
Freese isn't a bat first player, he's a bat only player. He doesn't help on defense and you can't count on him to play 140+ games either — he's only done that once in his career (144 in 2012) — so if he doesn't hit, he's a replacement level player (like he was this summer). There's a chance his subpar 2013 season at the plate has to do with his back problem, which means he could rebound next year if he's healthy or continue to get worse since back injuries have a way of lingering forever. I think it's very clear Freese's reputation, which was boosted by 2011 postseason heroics, far exceeds his actual worth right now.
Now, that said, the third base market is a wasteland. The best available free agent is Juan Uribe, who was very good this past season but a release candidate in both 2011 and 2012. The alternatives are Michael Young and Mark Reynolds. So yeah, the free agent market doesn't offer much help. With the Padres reportedly hanging onto Chase Headley and Pablo Sandoval only kinda sorta on the market, Freese figures to be the best third baseman on the trade block this winter barring something surprising. He's the best of an underwhelming lot of players.
The Yankees don't have much to offer the Cardinals in the trade, hence St. Louis' reluctance to pull the trigger. There is a chance the Cardinals will non-tender Freese prior to the December 2nd deadline rather than risk paying him $4.4M to be a bench player in 2014, at which point New York could simply sign him as a free agent. Maybe this is a repeat of the Russell Martin situation — the Yankees offered Frankie Cervelli to the Dodgers for Martin, who balked and eventually non-tendered their backstop days later. Maybe they low-balled St. Louis and are content with waiting to see if he gets cut loose next month (when they might have a better handle on the Alex Rodriguez's situation) before upping their offer. Freese would help the Yankees but only at the right price. I don't think he's someone they should go all out to acquire regardless of their third base needs and the lack of alternatives.
Update: Yankees and Cardinals unlikely to swing David Freese trade
6:28pm: The Yankees and Cardinals don't match up well and are unlikely to work out a trade involving Freese, reports Ken Rosenthal. He says New York simply doesn't have much to offer.
5:00pm: Via Mark Feinsand: The Yankees and Cardinals are discussing a trade involving David Freese. No word on what other players would be involved or heading to St. Louis or anything like that. Matt Swartz projects Freese to earn $4.4M next year and he won't be eligible for free agency until after 2015.
Freese, 30, hit .262/.340/.381 (106 wRC+) with nine homers in 521 plate appearances this season. Obviously any team that acquires him would be banking on a return to 2012 (133 wRC+) or 2011 (123 wRC+) form. Freese is a limited defender with poor range and a lengthy injury history, so his value is tied up entirely in his bat. His reputation far exceeds his production at this point, but Freese makes some sense for the Yankees as long as the cost is reasonable. I'm just not sure that's the case.
Mailbag: Gardner, Gonzalez, Freese, Aune
Just four questions this week, but they're good ones. Remember to use the Submit A Tip box in the sidebar to send us anything throughout the week. Mailbag questions, links, comments, whatever.
Travis asks: Is there a case to be made for trading Brett Gardner in the offseason? His calling card is his speed and once that goes, I believe his production for the team will be severely limited. The Yankees will have Alfonso Soriano, Vernon Wells, Ichiro Suzuki, Melky Mesa, Zoilo Almonte and Slade Heathcott (presumably) on the roster for 2014, which could make Gardner expendable. He may or may not get the Yankees a draft pick after 2014, depending on his production and if his legs hold up and he doesn't get hurt. Add in his age (30, 31 after next season) and you have the makings for a trap contract (if an extension is given). What are your thoughts?
There's no one on the roster I wouldn't trade right now. The Yankees don't have a Mike Trout or a Clayton Kershaw, that untouchable player you can build around for the next half-decade. I very much agree Gardner will be close to useless once his speed slips, which is why I wouldn't bother trying to sign him to an extension. He's not all that young, like you said. Based on what we know right now, I'd be completely fine with letting him walk as a free agent after next season. Let someone else pay for his decline years.
Trading Gardner has more to do with the possible return than anything. What can one year of an above-average but not elite center fielder get you on the open market? Is last winter's Shin-Soo Choo trade comparable? He was a much better hitter but a fraction of the defender and completely unproven in center. The Indians turned him into a top 20 pitching prospect (Trevor Bauer). One year of David DeJesus — a much more comparable player to Gardner than Choo — brought back absolutely nothing (Vin Mazzaro!) a few years ago. Coco Crisp fetched a then above-average big league reliever (Ramon Ramirez) and is probably the best comparison. Teams have done a better job of valuing defense since then, however.
Trading Gardner makes sense in a vacuum, but who would the Yankees play in center in his place? Sign Jacoby Ellsbury? Re-sign Curtis Granderson? I don't think Ichiro can do it full-time and Wells sure as hell can't. Mesa will be out of options next year and likely cut from the roster before the end of the Spring Training. Heathcott won't be ready either. There's a lot of variables here, it's not like trading Gardner would be dealing from a position of depth. If some team wants to overpay, sure, move him. If not, he's more valuable to them next year than anything they'll probably get back in a deal.
Andrew asks: Whatever happened to the Cuban pitcher the Phillies supposedly signed but then never agreed to a contract with? He's still out there, any idea why and if the Yankees could get him to fill in next year?
Andrew's talking about 26-year-old Miguel Alberto Gonzalez, who agreed to a six-year contract worth more than $50M with Philadelphia back in July. The contract fell apart a few weeks later over concerns about his elbow, specifically bone spurs. He had some removed two years ago and is said to have made a full recovery, but apparently there was enough of a concern on the Phillies' part to call off the agreement. The two sides could always work out a new deal. I have no idea if Gonzalez could step into the rotation and help the Yankees next year, but he's still out there if they want to sign him. Six years and $50M is a ton of money though.
Travis asks: Could the Yankees make a play for David Freese if Alex Rodriguez is suspended for all or most of 2014?
Get ready for a winter full of Freese-to-New York rumors, 'cause they're coming. Ken Rosenthal (video link) recently said the Cardinals are expected to shift Matt Carpenter to third base (his natural position) with top infield prospect Kolten Wong taking over at second (his natural position) next season, making Freese available in what figures to be a thin third base market. Makes perfect sense, doesn't it? As long as Wong doesn't expect, I suppose.
Freese, 30, is hitting .266/.342/.380 (106 wRC+) with six homers in 412 plate appearances this year, his worst season as a big leaguer. He missed a few weeks with a back strain earlier this summer and has a long injury history, including heel (2009), right ankle (2010), left ankle (2010), and hand (2011) surgeries. Freese will earn $3.15M this year and is under team control as an arbitration-eligible player through 2015, so he'll be relatively affordable. Given his age and injury history, this isn't someone you look to sign long-term. Ideally he'd be a two-year stopgap between A-Rod and Eric Jagielo, right? We can dream.
I'm not quite sure how to value Freese in a trade at this point. He's not particularly young, his hot corner defense is just okay (awful this year by the various metrics), his power has vanished (.114), he's injury prone, and he's touted as a clutch god because of his work in the postseason two years ago. That last part is why a ton of people will overvalue him, kinda like Andre Ethier. Ethier hit some walk-off homers a few years ago and suddenly he became a star when the actual production said otherwise. Yes, the Yankees should look into acquiring Freese if he becomes available, I just don't know what an appropriate package would be. He's a solid regular at a hard-to-fill position, not a star or a true impact player.
Jeb asks: Austin Aune's season has been … interesting. I'm assuming he has a decent arm because he started at SS and had a chance to play QB. Is there a chance that he could be converted to a pitcher?
Interesting is a nice way to put it. The 19-year-old Aune is hitting .177/.209/.234 (~25 wRC+) with a ridiculous 67 strikeouts (!) in 148 plate appearances. That's a 45.3% strikeout rate (!!!). Remember, the Yankees gave this kid a double-slot $1M bonus as their second round pick (89th overall) just last summer. He was raw because he was a top quarterback recruit who split time between the two sports in high school, but raw doesn't explain that. I hope the Yankees have Aune working on some swing adjustments because that would at least explain the extreme contact problems. I wouldn't pull the plug on him as a hitter yet, he is still just a teenager with only 311 pro plate appearances to his credit, but yeah. This isn't exactly encouraging.


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Directsound vs WASAPI vs ASIO
Directsound vs WASAPI vs ASIO
Apr 8 2012, 05:10
Post #1
Group: Members
Posts: 43
Joined: 6-April 12
Member No.: 98463
After reading many of the posts on this forum, it appears that there is no evidence that ASIO or WASAPI sounds any better than Directsound on Windows 7. I understand the importance of ABX testing - and I am interested in a way to do a double blind test of such claims. Let me first of all state that I cannot hear any difference. For me to be objective, I have used the same player for all tests - foobar2000 - and simply changed the Output from Directsound to WASAPI to ASIO. However, to do this, I have to stop the playback, change the driver, and then restart playback. This means comparions are doubtful at best due to the delay involved and my knowledge of what driver I selected.
How have others conducted such tests? Please note I am not trying to prove a difference exists - just to find a way to do the test properly. The ABX plugin for foobar2000 has been very useful to compare different WAV files. Obviously, one cannot use it for this sort of experiment.
Thank you for any suggestions or pointers to where this has been proved one way or another.
Apr 8 2012, 19:23
Post #2
Group: Members
Posts: 12
Joined: 31-August 05
From: Belgrade, Serbia
Member No.: 24220
Midiman I get what you're saying, sorz 4 being so brief. For listening, or reproduction, there really is NO (audible) difference. For recording, it's a whole different story. Google threw this my way:
So providing the CPU, RAM and the sound card are up to par, there is no replacement for ASIO (ofc).
Otherwise for a somewhat 'similar' comparison, I'd mention the argument over which version of the LAME encoder is the 'right' one to use. When there hasn't been an advancement in quality, it basically comes down to personal preference. That sort of thing, if you can agree.
Z68A-G43*i7-3770*Ven. 2x4GB 2133MHz*WD 1TB 64MB SATA*Win7 Pro/64
Apr 8 2012, 23:42
Post #3
Group: Super Moderator
Posts: 11394
Joined: 1-April 04
From: Northern California
Member No.: 13167
For recording, it's a whole different story.
Depending on the application, sure. A bit misleading and ill-advised being presented as a general statement, even with a link, however.
Your eyes cannot hear.
|Lo-Fi Version
|Time is now: 2nd December 2015 - 07:01


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The Evolving PUE of Containerized Datacenters
When I first started designing containerized datacenters, I looked at them as ways to tidy up many of the problems bedeviling the IT department, such as acceptance testing, installation disruption, cabling, and overall performance. As things evolved, we found ways to reduce inefficiencies in power utilization.
In turn, this led to x64 server designs that are more efficient still, and the efforts spent in improving unit cooling led to the realization that the traditional concept of providing a chilled air environment was fading into the history books.
A lot of factors make this increase in power usage effectiveness (PUE) possible. The advent of multi-core x64 CPUs keeps the power profile in a typical 1U server constant, while boosting power tremendously. Lower power memory matches the CPU, so that current servers have much better GFLOPS/watt. At the same time, power supplies are capable of much better efficiencies today, reducing the heat load in the server box.
The largest breakthrough came from the realization that cooling had to be decoupled from the server engine in a container. We tried water cooling (it leaks!), roof refrigeration and sidewall refrigeration. In the process, it became obvious that we could drop the chilling if we used bigger fans on the servers, and with racks full of the same structure, we could use 5-inch or bigger fans for cooling. (A techy aside -- the bigger the fan, the better the airflow, and it's roughly a square law, so a 5-inch fan versus a ¾-inch fan is no contest!)
At the same time, a bit of study showed that in many places in the U.S. and EU the number of really hot days was small, and in the case of the Northern states, not that hot. The idea of designing containerized server farms for a zero-chill environment is catching on.
[Read about the deal the NSA inked for cooling its future datacenter in Maryland in "NSA Plans To Cool New Datacenter With Wastewater."]
x64 COTS servers handling 40C inlet temperatures are available for containers. Typically, a cluster of ½-U servers are cooled by large fans and share redundant power, although there are other configurations. Note, these are not blade servers; the infrastructure and packaging complexity of blades would limit operation to lower temperatures. The same is true of legacy style mainframes and minicomputers.
40C (104F) is good for many northern sites, but it would be better to have some extra margin. The issue is the disk drive, which mostly has a 55C ambient spec. It is possible to live with these drives, and still move to 45C (113F). I've done that for military applications, but it carries design trade-offs.
SSDs at 70C and a raft of new hard drives specified at 60C or 65C are solving that problem, so even servers with drives can get to the 45C target.
An alternative is to move all the storage into its own racks or containers. This fits the virtualized cloud model really well, and it allows the servers to reach 45C inlet easily. The storage units tend to run cool and airflow across the drives is more optimized, so they too can be at 45C.
So what does this do to PUE? The "garage" for the containers has a very low PUE. With no cooling load, it's down to lighting and personnel spaces. The container power load is almost totally computer gear. The overhead is mainly cooling fans, and the large fan design reduces that tremendously. The net result is that PUEs for the container are less than 1.10 in a zero-chill environment.
There are other tricks to reduce power usage in the servers, including using large shared supplies to deliver 12V DC to the server clusters.
Some of these ideas, such as the larger fans, can be applied to single racks of servers, though exhaust airflow ducting is required. The bottom line is that we are moving towards much greener datacenters.
What's the next step? Late in 2014, we'll see servers where the memory and CPUs are tightly coupled in modules. When this happens, there will be a big boost in performance and a drop in power used in the server. With the implication that much less gear will do the job, and save power in the process, total datacenter power will go down, though, perversely, PUE may rise slightly.
We'll see a lot of microservers too. These are low-power, high-density servers that could match the cooling profile needed.Jim O'Reilly was Vice President of Engineering at Germane Systems, where he created ruggedized servers and storage for the US submarine fleet. He has also held senior management positions at SGI/Rackable and Verari; was CEO at startups Scalant and CDS; headed operations at PC ... View Full Bio