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It has been hot and dry in my mid-south garden and I have to say that it will not sadden me to say goodbye to summer this year. I welcome the cooler temperatures and more plentiful rain that the change of season offers.
One thing that has saved my trees during this summer's drought is a little device call the Treegator. A Treegator is a drip irrigation bag made of heavy duty plastic. I purchased the Treegator Junior, which fits around the trunk of a tree in a C shape. The bag holds 14 gallons of water so I can fill it up and be on my way, then over the next 4 to 8 hours it slowly releases the water around the base of the tree. It has a been a life saver for the crape myrtles I planted at my office where there is no irrigation system.
There is also a larger Treegator that holds 20 gallons of water, it stands much taller than the Junior version, but it is a good choice for newly planted trees that don't have a low canopy. To learn more about the Treegator visit their website at www.treegator.com.


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Flow Cytometry Core Finalizes New Rates Effective October 15
The Flow Cytometry Core rates are changing, effective October 15, 2015. As the economy has fluctuated and Federal funding resources have dwindled, the Core has managed to hold the rates steady for more than seven years. During that time, the Core:
- expanded from 4.8 full-time staff to 9.3 full-time staff,
- opened a fourth location on North Campus,
- replaced all existing equipment except Aria 1 and 2, and
- expanded the inventory of high-end equipment.
Over this period, appointment lead-times have fallen from 6-8 weeks to 2-3 days in most instances. Due to this expansion, the Core has accrued increased service expenses associated with the newly acquired instrumentation.
As a result, the Core must increase rates in order to continue to offer competitive instrumentation and service to the University of Michigan research community. We look forward to continuing to offer fast, reliable service on state-of-the-art equipment to meet all of your research needs.
As of October 15, all Flow Cytometry Core instrumentation will be $150/hour for technician operation. Self operation is will be available at $57/hour.
For more information, please contact David Adams, Manager of the Core.
About the Flow Cytometry Core
The Flow Cytometry Core, part of the Biomedical Research Core Facilities in the Office of Research, provides instrumentation and expertise to University of Michigan investigators - and the surrounding biotech community - in a broad range of basic and medical science disciplines. Samples are prepared by individual investigators, who then deliver samples to the Core for flow cytometric analysis or cell sorting. The Core also provides assistance in grant and publication preparation, publication-quality graphics, and development of experimental designs.
To learn more, download the Flow Cytometry Flyer.
David Adams
Manager, Flow Cytometry Core

subset: commoncrawl


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1994 Saturn SC1 • 20,000 miles
Recently bought this auto in a none running condition, but the info. I had on vehicle indicated that it should be an easy fix, just needed to follow thru with repairs origanaly started by another individual. These repairs included timing chain, guides, tensioners, etc. By a mechanic, paid for by the last owner of auto, but the car has not ran since repairs. The tech told last owner he would have to charge him additional fees for trouble shooting and repairing any new problems, an addition to the 700 he had already been paid. Thats where I come in, the last owner was not a do-it-urself kinda guy and was done putting $$$$ into the car, so im thinking EASY- FIX for me cars already registered been well cared for, and it was all I could afford so here I am, still dicking with/it.I thru the codes got 22, replaced tps, no start, got some help(i thought)from dude, told him I didnt need him to fix nothin already there just need 2nd body 1 to hit ign. While I CHECKED UNDER hood for proper fuel delivery. Needdless to say, that while I was at parts store he removes regulator from tbi, strips out the already hard to reach screws, looses the only bit that fit em, does'nt put spring rubber seal back correctly, does not tell me, but mentions, hey heres ur problem fuel injector, 75 bucks buys me a new one, thinkin he is a guy rite?Should know somethin about cars, rite?Hell, I'm just a learn as I go kinda gal, but I; M NOT STUPID. I know how to read and am capable of learning. Car still not fixed, gas shootin straight out back of regulater at fire wall, cant get a hold of dude to ask what the hell did u do? But finally he picks up phone, says sorry thought it part of injector, now I GOTTA CLEAN HIS MESS UP, BUT REMEMBER I mentioned he swtripped the screws, rite? & Lost the omly bit, so I remove throttle body saw slats on screws to remove, hve to to flatten cover on regulter so its flat, sand and smooth down scratches get spring and gasket seal back in, properly, now gas leak problem solved. Finally. Car should start. CAR DOES NOT START. Starter jambs, locks up engine, I'm thinkin dude did not get TDC rite, so I pull all plugs and push car around to check for compression, ( by the way have I mentioned that I'm a chick, dont have any tools, at least not the rite ones, can not get any 1 to help me, not even to confer with, so I must learn every thing as I go), so now engine frees up, I'M ALL YEAHHH. CAR SHOULD START. DOES NOT. STARTER BAD. I replace. Car should start, does not. BUT THE GOOD NEWS IS I found the bit that dude lost, down tbi, to only show up in my # 2 cyl. No wonder car doesnt start. NOW, car should start(bit was reason why 1st starter jambed). So now here I am, talkin, at length with u guys. Why? Because the car still does not start, and I refuse to believe that mech. Did not get'' TOP DEAD CENTER'' right, or he would not be makin that kinda $$. And that would, mean, if this f---in car wont start I am gonna have no choice but to remove and check work already done moooree work, more work. That would also mean ''I do not know shit about cars and I should just give it up'' WRONG '' I STILL BELIEVE, THAT DEEP DOWN, AND BEFORE HAVING TO CLEAN UP AFTER SOME OTHER IDIOT, that this IS an EASY FIX. SO GUYS IM THINKIN its gotta be the crank, or cam sensors tellin PCM that timing is off. There for THE CAR WONT STAERT. SO I NEED TO LOCATE AND CHECK SENSORS 11111111ST, before I bust open the timing chain. But this engine is so dirty, and there's so many different sensors, and the book is not discriptive enough, and I am so tired of this harder than it should be, dumb ole tired me, this is an easy fix, cant get any one to help, project of a mess, I dont look like I know what I'm talkin about, let alone, doing, cant quit now, gotta get this car running job done. Can any please give a lady a hand, any knowledge u can impart is greatly appreciated. Thanks miss fix-it
March 4, 2012.
March 4, 2012.
First of all there is no cam sensor on that car only a crank shaft sensor. They rarely fail on those cars a simple spark test will tell you if its working?Pull two wires off right next to each other off the coil pack then crank the engine over spark should jump from tower to tower. Also you never mention what your compression readings were on each cylinder?Also yes people charge a lot of money to fix cars and they dont always know what there doing. Even at the dealer I worked for saturn dealers for over 16yrs and saw my fair share of people that just had no clue how to fix cars.
Mar 4, 2012.
Mar 4, 2012.
Hi hope you can help, this is a general question. 2 wire sensors, crank and cam are referred to as inductive, magnetic, whilst 3 wire sensors are Hall effect. Can a inductive, magnetic ...
3 answers • 2010 All Other Makes All Other Models
2007 toyota camry 140k. Check engine light code Knock sensor. Reset and came back on right away. What could cause this other than the obviouse bad sensor or wire?
9 answers • 2007 Toyota Camry • 140 miles
I had a rough starting when cold issue. Checked the codes and discovered two codes for a lean condition in both banks. After not finding a vac leak, I replaced the MAF with a ...
2 answers • 2002 Chevrolet Silverado • 170,779 miles
Describe the type sensor of the Knock sensor is on this vehicle and how it should be tested.?
1 answer • 2002 Chrysler 300 • 100 miles


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- Age / Gender:
- 59, Male
- Location:
- Cybertron
- Joined:
- 3/25/07
- All Stats >
User Statshot
- Community Stats
Level 12 Blank Slate
Normal Whistle
Ranked as Town Watch
Contact Info / Websites
Recent Game Medals
Radio Lover 5 Points If you love this Radio, you will get this medal. Medal Stats.
Keeping a promise 5 Points I kept mine, here is a little something for keeping yours! Medal Stats.
Bitches Love Poundcake 5 Points Would anyone like some pound cake? Medal Stats.
This is a TEST! 5 Points Test PICO RADIO Medal Stats.
adept 5 Points Kill 10 enemies. Medal Stats.
Nyan Bloodbath 10 Points Eat 200 Nyan Cats. Medal Stats.
Space Worm 10 Points Destroy a UFO. Medal Stats.
Ground Beef 10 Points Eat 100 cows. Medal Stats.
Killing Machine 25 Points Get over 100 combo. Medal Stats.
Evolution Complete 25 Points Fully evolve and beat all the levels. Medal Stats.
Total Medals Earned: 534 (From 107 different games.)
Latest Shared Creations
Spectre Added to skins for Skincraft Jan 16, 2012. Load Level
JimmyMcshane Added to skins for Skincraft Sep 11, 2011. Load Level
Cubone Added to skins for Skincraft Sep 11, 2011. Load Level
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Favorite Art
Favorite Movies
TRACER episode 1 Rated 4.2575 Stars Episode 1 of a scf fi thriller. Drama TRACER prequel Rated 4.2850 Stars The prequel for a new sci fi thriller Drama Press Start: Pac-Manifold Rated 4.2564 Stars Count Vile's old nemesis is back. And this time, he's brought the family! Comedy - Parody Press Start: V for Vile 1 Rated 4.3619 Stars #1 of 3 special LIVE ACTION shorts! Count Vile's dog has an unusual parasite problem. Comedy - Parody
Favorite Games
Seedling Rated 4.2931 Stars Follow the journey of a boy seeking an elusive seed for his creator. Adventure - RPG Burrito Bison Revenge Rated 4.4711 Stars Burrito Bison is back for more gummy squashing action in this epic sequel! Skill - Toss Diamond Hollow II Rated 4.4217 Stars Shoot, explore, upgrade, conquer, achieve, and collect to defeat the evil Professor. Action - Platformer - Hop and Bop CycloManiacs2 Rated 4.3702 Stars The Cyclomaniacs return in a quest to rescue the princess from evil games developers! Sports - Racing


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Have you ever noticed that all twitter birds seem to be these cute creatures cuddly little creatures? Well, when Jon Phillips approached me about creating a freebie pack for SpyreStudios, I was getting a little tired of all these birds and pitched the idea of doing something entirely different - a dark twitter bird!
And so, Tweevil was born (Jon's name). He's dark, he's mean, and he'll eat most of those other Twitter birds for breakfast.
I designed the character and illustrated him in four different poses, using Adobe Illustrator. Jon was more than happy with the way he turned out.


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Wedding decorations, party supplies, home décor & craft supplies at 20-70% off. Save On Crafts brings you classic and trending fashions.
Plantable Rose Petal Cones (10 cones 6" x 6") Set of 10 for $7.99
Will make 10 cones.
Not only can you recycle this paper, you can compost it or even plant it and watch flowers bloom. The seeds embedded in the paper include 15 annual species which tolerate partial shade, need 4 hours a day of direct sunlight and grow to about 3' tall.
Seeds include Red corn poppy, corn poppy, snapdragon, catchfly, English daisy, Showy evening primrose, gold yarrow, Roman chamomile, Tussock Bellflower, Foxglove, Frenged Sagewort, White Yarrow, Red Yarrow, Monkeyflower and Creeping Thyme. If you plant this paper in a pot or in your garden please cover with just 1/8" of soil and keep moist until established.
They are easy to assemble. Just pull opposite corners together to form your cone. Fold on the line and attach with a glue dot, u glue tab or double stick tape. Or use a paper punch to make holes and tie with a ribbon.
Does not come with rose petals and eco-friendly confetti each sold separately.
See all the pressed flower petal stickers ,ribbon and see how to use a paper punch to attach a parchment flower to each cone for decoration.
Paper is imprinted with "1.Plant 2.Water 3. Watch it Bloom". It will sprout wildflowers.
Photo above shows a decorated cone-see how to decorate your rose petal cones with paper hydrangea petals.
See all the freeze dried flower petals, silk rose petals, eco- friendly confetti
You can also use the pressed flower stickers to decorate the cone.
Photo by Theorie from Ceremony Magazine
After you have made your cones punch a hole in each side and thread a ribbon through it.


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Baylor's Nick Florence added to Maxwell Award watch list
Through three games of the season, Baylor's Nick Florence has been added to the Maxwell Award watch list. He now joins wide receiver Terrance Williams as the only Bears on the list.
Each year, the Maxwell Award is given to the most outstanding collegiate football player in the game.
Through three games, Florence has the highest amount of total yards by any quarterback in the NCAA. His 1,163 total yards barely put him ahead of West Virginia's Geno Smith.
Florence also has been added to the Campbell Award semi finalist list, becoming the first Bear to be on the list since Derek Epperson in 2010. He is one of five Big 12 players on the list for academic achievements as well as contributing on the football field.


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Yisroel Gluck
Principal, President
A founder and majority shareholder of American Landmark Properties, Ltd., Yisroel Gluck, President, 61, graduated from Chicago's Roosevelt University in 1972 with a Bachelor of Science degree. He has completed post graduate studies and has participated in various professional seminars and continuing education courses in real estate.
Mr. Gluck's real estate career began in 1972. He has over thirty years of experience specializing in syndication, acquisition, development, rehabilitation and financing. As a real estate entrepreneur, Mr. Gluck has concentrated primarily on the conception and implementation of rehabilitation and renovation programs for office/industrial properties.
In addition to his real estate activities, Mr. Gluck is President and Chief Executive Officer of Barbara Creations, Inc. of Skokie a major import firm.
Mr. Gluck has been a resident for the past thirty years in the Peterson Park neighborhood on Chicago's far north side. He has resided in his current home for the past twenty two years. In addition to his professional activities, Mr Gluck is active in neighborhood and community affairs. He is a member of the Board of Directors and is a past President of the Bais Yaakov Hebrew Parochial School in Chicago. Mr. Gluck is a past President of Agudath Israel.
Yisroel Gluck
John M. Huston
Russell Harris
John H. Roeser
Suzanne Reynolds
Yami Merza
Terry Mansmith
©2008 American Landmark Propoerties, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. - 8114 Lawndale Avenue Skokie, IL 60076 Phone: (847) 568-0808 Fax: (847) 568-1717


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9 Cute Ponytail Hairstyles For 2014
Easy ,smooth ponytails are bang on-trend this season.A ponytail is our 'go-to' style whenever we're in a hurry ,our hair a little bit of dull or even we're simply too lazy to consider other things to do with it ! Most of these are wonderful reasons why you should wear a pony ,but celebrities have performed an incredible job showing us there's also a place for the ponytail on the red carpet . From curls to sleek ,braids to updo there are numerous ideas to wear a pony !
You'll discover cute ,innovative and amazing ideas to add some style and creativity to your ordinary ponytail.
How would you wear yours ? Check out this celebrity inspiration.
High curly ponytail
kim kardashian sleek ponytail hairstyle.
Briaded Ponytail
Blake Lively and Fergie are fans of the braided ponytail hairstyle.
Twisted Ponytail
Poofy Ponytail
kate beckinsale Poofy ponytail
Looped Ponytail


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NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
The NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms features 7,863 terms related to cancer and medicine.
Browse the dictionary by selecting a letter of the alphabet or by entering a cancer-related word or phrase in the search box.
The search textbox has an autosuggest feature. When you enter three or more characters, a list of up to 10 suggestions will popup under the textbox. Use the arrow keys to move through the suggestions. To select a suggestion, hit the enter key. Using the escape key closes the listbox and puts you back at the textbox. The radio buttons allow you to toggle between having all search items start with or contain the text you entered in the search box.
- primary treatment
- listen (PRY-mayr-ee TREET-ment)
- The first treatment given for a disease. It is often part of a standard set of treatments, such as surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation. When used by itself, primary treatment is the one accepted as the best treatment. If it doesn't cure the disease or it causes severe side effects, other treatment may be added or used instead. Also called first-line therapy, induction therapy, and primary therapy.


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- Filed Under
Gov. Chris Christie heads to California, Louisiana and Missouri next week to headline seven political fundraisers, as well as deliver a speech Tuesday night at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.
Four fundraisers, including three in California, will generate money for the New Jersey Republican State Committee. The others benefit the Republican parties in Louisiana and Missouri, as well as a Missouri candidate for Congress.
Christie quickly built a national profile in his first two years as governor and hit the campaign stump repeatedly last fall, particularly for Republican ...


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Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
The Day Time Was Hacked
by Carel Mackenbach
No current Talk conversations about this book.
By Sacramento Book Review "SacramentoBookReview.com" (Sacramento, CA)
A book about a centuries-old religious secret being uncovered in modern times isn't new. A book about time travel and the paradoxes that happen from it also isn't new. Combining the two, and not coming off like a cheap //Da Vinci Code// clone is. //The Day Time Was Hacked// has all the elements of a mediocre thriller, but rises above it to pull those disparate elements together. A death bed secret told by Mary Magdalene to a priest leads to the creation of the Basilica of Sainte Madeleine in Vezelay, and the secret she had carried about Jesus is hidden within the architecture of the church. But it takes a fourteen-year-old boy from Washington, DC and a 37 year-old monk working at Pope's summer palace at Gandolfo to put those pieces together and outwit an agent from the future who is always one step ahead. By moving back and forth in time, the story unfolds and reunfolds as things that happened in the past, change, and things that happened in the future change back again.
The story is tight and well crafted. The consistent changes in place, time, and alternate history stay understandable and not unmanageable. The characters are well rounded with interesting personalities. There was obviously a great deal of research done in //The Day Time Was Hacked//, from the history of the Church, Popes, the Vatican to reasonably thought-out theories of time travel. And while the science fiction aspects of the story are instrumental to it, this is still more a thriller than science fiction.
Reviewed by Ross Rojek
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black striped fishermans knit hat
designer's notes
Don't let the colder climate jeopardize your style. Accessorize with MICHAEL Michael Kors and keep the season merry!
color: Black / Cream Mid-weight, striped acrylic fishermans knit Large cuffed hem with logo engraved plaque Unlined One size fits most 100% Acrylic; Hand Wash; Imported; style# 312941901


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Narrow your search
Last.fm is ending subscription radio streaming on 28 April to focus on applying recommendation and tracking features to music from other sources like YouTube and Spotify.
Amping up their partnership, users can now immediately click and hear tracks licensed by Spotify on Last.fm's own site.
The two founders of the music discovery site are now applying the same technology to the entire web. Martin Stiksel and Felix Miller give us a tour of Lumi, which surfaces content based on your browsing history.
The pair behind the site that recommends music based on your listening history wants to do the same for the entire Internet with a new service called Lumi.
According to a new report, the passwords might have been compromised several months ago, but the issue remained undetected.
Just like LinkedIn and eHarmony yesterday, Last.fm warns users to change their passwords following a security breach.
Track the music you play with Last.fm, regardless of the service or device you use to play it.
Last.fm is one of the first apps available for Spotify, super-charging discovery of new music with custom playlists and personalised recommendations.
Online security breaches are becoming increasingly common. But there are ways you can protect yourself.
The dating Web site reports the incident to authorities and continues to investigate security breach.


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|Appalachian School of Law Shootings
You can see the part of each story below that mentions how Peter O. was captured here, while an index is here
Fri, 18 Jan 2002
The expelled student accused of killing his dean and two others in a campus shooting spree at Appalachian School of Law in Virginia on Wednesday was so paranoid and prone to outbursts that at least one classmate said he saw the violence coming.
At Thursday's arraignment on three counts of capital murder, Peter Odighizuwa, 43, told the judge he was sick and needed help.
"I was supposed to see my doctor," Odighizuwa said, hiding his face behind a green arrest warrant. "He was supposed to help me out . . . I don't have my medication."
Police say Odighizuwa opened fire with a handgun at the school Wednesday, killing three people, including a professor.
"He was kind of off-balance," classmate Kenneth Brown said. "When we met last year, he actually came up and shook my hand and asked my name. Then, like five minutes later he came back and said, 'You know I'm not crazy, but people tick me off sometimes.' Out of the blue."


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Comfortable seating and delicious catering await you in our auction hall. Please call ahead (1-207-354-8141) to ensure a reserved seat. If you are unable to attend, it would be our pleasure to take your bid by phone, absentee or internet. Visit our website at www.thomastonauction.com for a complete virtual catalog. Buyer's Premium is 15% (18% for online bidders). Please call our courteous and knowledgeable staff if you have any questions.
Kaja & the Auction Staff
PS: If you will be visiting from away, Thomaston's Hampton Inn is offering a special 'auction goer' room rate. Please call the hotel (207-594-6644) and request the 'Thomaston Place Auction Galleries Rate'.


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Great mosques around the world
Enjoy this visual pilgrimage of mosques around the world. From Afghanistan and China, Saudi Arabia, Germany, India and Egypt, to Peru, Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom, these centres of faith are testimony to the spread of Islam across the world.
DAREJAT, ISRAEL: Photovoltaic solar panels provide electricity to a mosque in the Bedouin Arab village of Darajat in Israel's Negev desert.
1 / 30
Yahoo Lifestyle | Photo by Uriel Sinai / Getty Images
Sat, Aug 18, 2012 11:00 AM AST (Arabian)
Ramadan Slideshows
1 - 3 of 50


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Respond to Review of Iku Wholefood Kitchen
by GUEST
Review: Located within a healthfood shop, the best meal is the minestrone soup, oh and the fritata. I love the tahini salad dressing and salad wraps. They have pie, lasagne, tarts, steamed tofu burger and rice cakes, sushi, salads, organic drinks, the best dessert is the apple, apricot, lime pie - so yummy!! Best served with soy ice-cream (So Good, Fruccio, Toffuti, Soy Delights, etc). I'm not a big fan of their soy cream, but their muffins are delish especially date or apple. Choc Friand is yummiest of the two however small. Marraba which is a pistachio nut biscuit is so yummy too i get cravings. They also have curries and soup. All great, good quality food at many outlets within Sydney area. This one is open for dinner.
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The Wines of Chile Contest
Experience one of the most unique wine growing regions on the planet.
Welcome to the Wines of Chile Contest!
Want to enter to win a Wine Enthusiast N'FINITY 121 Wine Cellar? Just answer the questions below correctly, enter your email address and submit your answers, and you're automatically entered into the Chile Wine Sweepstakes! (Hint: You can find the answers to these questions by watching all five Chile Wine Region videos. Click here to go to the video page.)
The contest ends on November 30, 2011. Winner will be notified by email.


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Young actors play their parts during a rehearsal for Beauty and the Beast Jr. at Cornerstone Center for the Arts on Tuesday, July 24, 2012.
- Filed Under
The beast. The beauty. The rose.
The story is the same, only this time, the beast is in high school.
Jacob Guess, 16, will star as the great furry one in this weekend's production of "Beauty and the Beast Jr." at Cornerstone Center for the Arts. ...


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'Once Upon a Time' Star Colin O'Donoghue Previews the 'Fantastic' Season Finale
In last season's finale, magic returned to Storybrooke.
This year, Storybrooke may be completely destroyed.
Sunday's heart-stopping finale of "Once Upon a Time" has Greg and Tamara pulling the trigger to wipe out the town and all its fairy-tale denizens. Helping them is none other than the dastardly Captain Hook, whose sole focus is the death of Rumplestiltskin.
[Related: 'Once' Star Teases Wormhole Destination]
Fans will also learn more about Hook's relationship with Rumple's son, Bae, who he fished out of the ocean in Neverland last week. We chatted with star Colin O'Donoghue about Hook's intentions, how far he'll go for vengeance, and whether we'll see Neverland again next season.
Last week, Hook brought Bae onto his ship. What can we expect from them this week?
This week, obviously you're going to see Hook's interaction with Bae in Neverland. Hook is intrigued by this boy that he's pulled up out of the sea; he obviously doesn't know who it is when he pulls [the boy] out. It'll be interesting for people to see the history that Hook and Bae have together.
What is their relationship like? How does Hook regard him?
If he finds out who Bae is, Hook is sort of caught in a little bit of a position there, because he was in love with Mila, Bae's mother, but has this deep hatred for Rumplestiltskin. It's a funny situation for him to be in. You're going to see him trying to figure out what to do with this boy and what he can get from having this boy on the ship. They've got a very complicated relationship.
[Related: 'Once Upon a Time': Will Regina Sacrifice Herself to Save the Residents of Storybrooke?]
We saw that Peter Pan -- if that's who the shadow is -- isn't quite a good guy. So does this mean Hook isn't the bad guy of this story?
Hook, in the context of "Once Upon a Time," is quite complicated. Hook of old is described as this evil character, and I think what's great about the way that [creators] Eddie [Kitsis] and Adam [Horowitz] have created Hook is that he's a little bit more complicated than that. It's not that he's just outwardly evil -- he has the potential to be compassionate, he has the potential to be good. But he also has the potential to be quite nasty and cruel.
It seems like Neverland is a darker place than the one we've all read about.
Eddie and Adam are great at taking a well-known story that we all grew up with and making it kind of edgier or putting some sort of different slant on it. It's definitely not the Neverland that people will have seen before.
It seems like Hook helps Greg and Tamara release the trigger. But this is a guy all about self-preservation. He must have a backup plan, right?
Hook definitely always has a plan of some kind. Hook's kind of in it for himself, so whatever Greg and Tamara can do to help him achieve his aim, he'll go along with it. But there will be other times where he'll be just as happy to turn his back on them, or whoever he's working with at the time. You've seen that with Cora and with Regina.
Hook is bent on killing Rumplestiltskin. But there's also a prophecy that Henry is his undoing. If Hook found out, would he stoop so low as to use Henry?
I haven't really thought about that... He might. He could potentially use Henry. He could potentially use anybody to reach his own aims. I haven't thought about that actually. Maybe it's one to pitch to Eddie and Adam. (Laughs)


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Does Rate of Global Warming Slowing?
In the last decades (1984-2005), scientists observed a slowing build-up of atmospheric methane (CH4) due to the decline of its emission.
Atmospheric methane is the second most abundant greenhouse gas followed by Carbon dioxide (CO2) which outnumbered methane 200 times. Though, methane is 20 times more efficient as a heat-trapping greenhouse gas, a relatively larger quantity of carbon dioxide makes it still the biggest contributor to green house effect or global warming.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration


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ACG Cup Competition
Information Session
Tuesday, December 1
Noon – 1 p.m.
Burkle 26
Join the Finance Club tomorrow for an information session about the upcoming ACG Cup Competition! The ACG Cup is a case competition designed to give students from leading MBA programs across the country real world experience and invaluable insights into mergers and acquisitions, investment banking, financial advisory and private equity.
Each case study provides students with a unique opportunity to present valuation, capital markets and M&A strategic advice to a panel of seasoned M&A professionals from within the ACG community. The competition is carried out through a series of intra-school and regional competitions, with regional winners awarded the prestigious ACG Cup title and cash awards.
The competition is open to all current Drucker MBA and FE students.
Founded in 1954, the Association for Corporate Growth, Inc. (ACG) is the premier global association for professionals involved in corporate growth, corporate development, and mergers and acquisitions.
For more information about the competition, click here
To RSVP or for more information, contact Nedda Kavoossi at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Fairly clean example of an Olympus 35 ECR rangefinder. Got it in a trade, haven't used it but previous owner did (member here) and found it fine and fully functional. Includes an Oly hood, not sure if it's exactly correct for this model but it does the job. Will need light seals.
$25 plus shipping.


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This 11-room home has a large family room with a floor-to-ceiling fireplace, a center-island kitchen with cherry cabinetry and a master suite with a jetted tub and walk-in closets. It's offered at $575,000.
- Filed Under
Set on 5.15 wooded and open acres provides a backdrop for this meticulously maintained custom Colonial in the township. Offering approximately 3,500 square feet of living space, the open 11-room layout provides four bedrooms and two-and-one-half baths. Bob and Pamela Beatty of Weichert Realtors in Clinton are marketing it at $575,000.
Highlights of the floor plan include custom paint colors, generously-dimensioned rooms, gleaming hardwood floors, high ceilings and neutral décor. Recent updates such as a newly paved driveway, a newer gourmet kitchen, new wall-to-wall carpeting on the second story and new recessed lighting show pride of ownership. The scenic acreage presents a large multi-level paverstone patio in the private rear yard, paverstone front walkways, professionally landscaped grounds, colorful perennials and a storage shed.
The home was extensively renovated in 2010 and is in move-in condition. Sunlight streams into the two-story entrance foyer from a large sunburst window set high above the front door. The foyer features lustrous hardwood flooring set on the diagonal, elegant picture frame moldings and a turned staircase with a railed overlook from the second floor. The oversized dining room, has hardwood floors with ornamental inlays, wainscoting, crown moldings and a large bow window. Across the foyer, the private study features crown moldings, hardwood floors and recessed lights.
The great room, kitchen and dining area combine as a very large gathering area at the rear of the home. The focal point in the great room is a floor-to-ceiling raised-hearth brick fireplace, flanked by tall circle-top windows. The recently updated breakfast room and kitchen have contains a center island with a breakfast bar, custom cherry cabinets with some glass-door upper cabinets, Corian counters, a tile backsplash, plus pendant and recessed lights. Stainless-steel appliances include a five-burner Bosch cooktop, double wall ovens, a built-in wine cooler and a bottom-drawer refrigerator/freezer. The 300 square-foot breakfast room has sliding French doors to the rear paver patio. Completing the main floor is a laundry room, an updated powder room and access to the oversized three-car garage with automatic openers.
Upstairs, the master suite contains more than 400 square-feet of living space, with plush wall-to-wall carpeting, large walk-in closets and a tray ceiling. In the master bath, the jetted platform tub is tucked under a set of windows. The bath also has a separate glass door shower, ceramic tile floors and a linen closet. Three additional bedrooms on this level share a full bath with a dual sink vanity. One of the bedrooms is used as a second story bonus room; it measures more than 400 square-feet.
The full, unfinished basement has two access points. Mechanical systems include multiple zones of forced-hot-air oil heat, central air conditioning, central vacuum and security systems, hook-ups for a generator, private septic and well water.
Located near Exit 11 of Interstate 78, about 10 minutes from historic Clinton, this home is sited on a quiet street. Alexandria is in rich history and rural charm, and the area has a mix of residential, commercial and industrial growth with unmatched eco-friendly tourist destinations and a superb quality of life. Outlet shops, wineries, historical sites, fine restaurants and scenic reservoirs make the county a prime residential destination.
This home is offered at $575,000. Contact Weichert Realtors sales agents Bob Beatty at 908-303-8606, Pamela Beatty at 908-246-3477, or the Clinton office at 908-735-8140 for more information. Additional listing information and photos can be found at www.214WoolfRoad.info.
- Weichert Realtors


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Ruby Press is a boutique public relations agency representing style-driven businesses.
Our Background
Founder Melissa Davis's background as a fashion editor in New York at Harper's Bazaar, Mademoiselle, and later, a Contributing Editor at Lucky, gives her the extra edge in knowing what the media wants and how to work with them most effectively.
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Please contact Ruby Press for case studies.


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Human movement is the body's ability to move freely through ranges of motion without pain or restrictions. When we were young, we had perfect movement. We could move without pain, roll around, get up, squat to the ground and our bodies were functional beasts. Lack of activity, movement work and correct exercise and more sitting and living of a sedentary lifestyle leads to tight joints, limited range of motion, restricted movement and tight muscles. This lifestyle is a recipe for pain, injury and a decreased way of life.
The first aspect we must act upon is improving the function of our joints. When looking at our body from the ground up here, is the function of each joint:
ª Ankles : Mobility
ª Knees: Stability
ª Hips: Mobility (also need stability)
ª Lumbar Spine: stability
ª Thoracic Spine (12 vertebrae in mid-back): Mobility
ª Cervical Spine: Stability
ª Gleno-Humeral (shoulder): Mobility (also need stability)
ª Scapular-Thoracic (shoulder blade): Stability
When you are working out, don't just add exercises because they are sexy and look cool. If you want better human movement, add exercises because they will give you better function. Compensation at another
joint happens when one joint is not doing its job.
For example, if your hips are immobile and lack range of motion, your knees and/or lumbar spine will be the culprits and take the unwanted movement, causing low-back trauma. It's crucial to understand where your asymmetries are located so you can work to improve and reduce your chances of chronic pain down the road. A functional movement screen (http://functionalmovement.com)is an assessment you can use to detect these imbalances.
Next, let's look at muscle-tissue quality. If we have stiff muscles, we limit movement in our joints. Improving the quality of the tissue is a must to aid in better movement. Tools for this objective are foam rolls, massage sticks, tennis balls and/or baseballs. The idea is to sit on the foam roll and self-massage your muscles. When you hit tender areas, roll over that specific spot a few times to relieve the tissue of knots that have formed from daily living. Use a baseball and/or tennis ball for more specific work on your glutes, calves and upper back. Rolling helps flatten out the muscle while stretching will help improve the length. Adding flexibility training to your program is imperative for overall health and function.
What if someone has too much flexibility and/or mobility? This is labeled as hypermobile and hyperflexible and can have traumatic effects on the body. When a joint cannot stabilize through a range of motion, you risk sheering force and friction on specific areas. Your hip and shoulder joints are more susceptible to these types of injuries. This person needs to focus on strength and stability to be able to control movement in the presence of change.
ª Justin Levine runs the California Fitness Academy in Visalia. Visit his Web site at www.justintrain.com or call 334-8990.


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Vinnie Brand sold his flower shop, closed his construction company and divorced his wife, all so that he could open The Stress Factory Comedy Club. He lived in a
boarding house for fathers that lost it all in bad divorces, with three kids, no money, and no car. Somehow, Vinnie was able to overcome everything and is now a successful New York based headliner.
He has also appeared on The Rosie O'Donnell Show, Comedy Central's "Tough Crowd", The
Montreal Just for Laughs Comedy Festival Best of the Fest,
The New York Comedy Festival, and the Toyota Comedy Festival.
He has also appeared on the Opie and Anthony Radio show,
WNEW & XM, The Jim Breuer show "Unleashed" Sirius, FULL
METAL COMEDY and the independent film "White Chicks". He has
also starred in a commercial for Direct TV, released a CD entitled
"This is Vinnie Calling" and done various voice overs.
Today Vinnie spends his time on stage all over New York
City talking about the things he knows best, kids,
marriage, bills and family. His unique approach lets him
weave a story that captivates audiences of all ages while
pissing off his ex wife. Overall, it has all worked out.


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Retro Free Printable Wedding Invitation Templates
Free Printable Wedding Invitation Templates allow you to create your own personalized wedding invitations that are absolutely free. There are no files to download. All you need is some paper, a printer and little bit of creativity.
These Free Printable Retro Wedding Invitations were inspired by the personal wedding invitation design of our programmer, Susie. Click here to see Susie's Mad Men themed wedding on the main blog. Photo by Julie Harmsen Photography.
Print Size: 5″ x 5″
Print Size: 4bar, 4.875″ x 3.5″
Print Size: 2.5″ x 2.5″
The following fonts were used in this printable:
Cocktail Shaker, Futura Medium, and Futura Condensed Extra Bold
The viewing, printing or downloading of any content, graphic, or template from the Wedding Chicks is for use solely by you for your own personal use and not for republication, distribution, assignment, sale, preparation of derivative works or other use. No part of any content, form or document may be reproduced in any form other than for personal use.


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Simma Lieberman Inducted Into Million Dollar Consultant® Hall of Fame
San Francisco, CA, February 03, 2010 --(
)-- Alan Weiss named San Francisco consultant, Simma Lieberman, as one of the 2010 inductees into the Million Dollar Consultant® Hall of Fame. Honorees are chosen from the participants in Alan Weiss's Private Roster Mentor Program.
Of the more than 1,000 people who have participated in the program worldwide, only 26 individuals have met the criteria for membership:
• Serving as an exemplar to others in the profession.
• Manifesting the highest levels of integrity, ethics, and accountability.
• Achieving significant annual revenue and profit improvement.
• Contributing intellectual capital to the consulting profession.
• Engaging in continuing, challenging, personal and professional development.
• Taking prudent risk and demonstrating resilience.
The announcement was made in front of a capacity crowd at the Mandarin Oriental Hotel in San Francisco, where Dr. Weiss noted, "These people are readily acknowledged by their world-class peers to be fitting inductees. I'm proud to have been associated with all of these people" The award inscription includes the notation of "…the distinction of being regarded by peers as one of the world leaders in consulting, as evidenced by empirical accomplishments in client results, professional contributions, and intellectual property."
Weiss noted that Simma Lieberman is an 'inclusionist' who views diversity and variety not in terms of numbers but in terms of talent, contribution, and higher levels of performance, who is fearless in her beliefs in the inherent talents of all people."
Simma Lieberman is known for the way she creates "workplaces where employees love to do their best work and customers love to do business." Her articles and ideas on leadership, inclusion and workplace culture, have been featured in publications throughout the world.
Organizations seek her out to help them implement culture change that engages employees throughout the whole organization and leverages employee genius.
"I am thrilled and honored to be recognized as part of this talented group of consulting professionals," said Lieberman. "As a result of working with Alan and being a member of his private roster mentor community, I have been able to improve the way culture change strategy is developed and implemented in my client's organizations. I will continue to mentor newer consultants, and grow my own business as I learn from the high caliber consultants who comprise Alan's community."
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Albany, CA 94706
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Press Editorial
August 17, 2010
By Staff
Look beyond Issaquah for traffic solutions
Issaquah has waited a long time for definitive transportation improvements. At last, a few are coming.
In the past decade, Issaquah got an Intelligent Transportation System that allowed traffic lights to be synchronized and reader boards to advise drivers of traffic revisions. Two years ago, the great debate over whether to build a southeast connector road from Interstate 90's Exit 18 at East Sunset Way to Issaquah-Hobart Road Southeast was decided.
This summer, two big changes born of that decision will provide real improvements.
Sunset Way at Second Avenue will be widened to allow for a turn lane. Second Avenue Southeast will also get a right-hand turn lane onto Sunset. The changes should significantly improve traffic flow through the intersection, especially in the afternoon, when schools release students for the day.Now that we know the bypass road will not be done, the state Department of Transportation is working to complete an otherwise narrow and awkward off-ramp at Sunset Way and I-90. On Northwest Gilman Boulevard, crews are working to complete the I-90 Undercrossing, giving drivers an alternative route between shopping districts. State Route 900 near Talus is near the end of a road-widening project. And the city is getting serious about improvements to Newport Way Northwest.
The city has done its part in seeking solutions, but there is still a major piece not done. Until something is done to complete the exit ramps at I-90 and state Route 18 — about 10 miles east of Issaquah — commuters from Maple Valley and beyond will continue to travel through Issaquah in hopes of shortening their commute time.
An I-90 corridor study says the completed widening of Highway 18 is essential, but the estimated cost is $450 million. Funding is not available, even for a first phase. Once it does begin, it will take a decade or more to complete. Nevertheless, city leaders should continue to push the importance of this project so it will be top of mind when funds are available.
Issaquah must look beyond its borders to see the cause and effect of traffic — and the solutions.
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Smith v. Perdue Farms Inc., DeFAX Case No. D66268 (D. Del. April 11, 2014) Fallon, M.J. (21 pages).
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To evaluate the clinical validity of genome-wide oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) for detecting somatic abnormalities, we have applied this genomic analysis to 30 cases (13 MDS and 17 AML) with clonal chromosomal abnormalities detected in more than 50% of analyzed metaphase cells.
The aCGH detected all numerical chromosomal gains and losses from the mainline clones and 113 copy number alterations (CNAs) ranging from 0.257 to 102.519 megabases (Mb). Clinically significant recurrent deletions of 5q (involving the RPS14 gene), 12p12.3 (ETV6 gene), 17p13 (TP53 gene), 17q11.2 (NF1 gene) and 20q, double minutes containing the MYC gene and segmental amplification involving the MLL gene were further characterized with defined breakpoints and gene contents. Genomic features of microdeletions at 17q11.2 were confirmed by FISH using targeted BAC clones. The aCGH also defined break points in a derivative chromosome 6, der(6)t(3;6)(q21.3;p22.2), and an isodicentric X chromosome. However, chromosomally observed sideline clonal abnormalities in five cases were not detected by aCGH.
Our data indicated that an integrated cytogenomic analysis will be a better diagnostic scheme to delineate genomic contents of chromosomal and cryptic abnormalities in patients with MDS and AML. An evidence-based approach to interpret somatic genomic findings was proposed.
The identification of recurrent chromosomal abnormalities in various leukemias and the understanding of molecular defects and pathogenic mechanisms underlying these abnormalities have made cytogenetic analysis valuable in providing diagnostic and prognostic parameters for disease stratification and treatment evaluation [1]. With an average resolution of 6-10 megabases (Mb) on a 300-500 G-band level, conventional karyotyping has been the current standard for screening chromosomal abnormalities on metaphases from direct and cultured bone marrow (BM) and leukemic blood (LB) cells. This approach requires mitotic active cells and frequently encounters difficulties due to the low mitotic index and poor chromosome morphology of leukemic cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) tests using targeted probes to detect gene/locus-specific rearrangements have enhanced the analytical resolution to 300-800 kilobases (Kb) and extended conventional metaphase analysis into interphase cells. Current cytogenetic analysis for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) involves cell-based conventional chromosomal analysis and FISH assays using a panel of targeted probes [2,3]. We have previously validated a DNA-based genome-wide oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) for clinical diagnosis of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities and genomic disorders in pediatric patients with mental retardation and developmental delay [4]. The clinical utility of this aCGH based on Agilent's 44K design (CGH4410B) has demonstrated an average analytical resolution of 300-500 Kb and an improved abnormal detection rate from 5-7% by conventional chromosome and FISH analyses to 12% by aCGH [5]. Evidence-based guidelines to interpret genomic findings in the pediatric patients have been proposed [6,7]. Recently, genome-wide analyses using BAC-clone aCGH, oligonucleotide aCGH and SNP array have been applied in a research or an exploratory setting to profile the genomic alterations in patients with MDS and AML [8-15]. To evaluate the diagnostic value of aCGH in detecting somatic chromosomal and segmental copy number alterations (CNAs), we have performed aCGH analysis on 30 MDS and AML cases with different clonal abnormalities. The results further characterized the genomic complexity of recurrent chromosomal deletions, duplications, amplifications and cryptic aberrations. Despite its inherent limitation in detecting recurrent balanced reciprocal translocations and low level secondary clonal abnormalities, the aCGH analysis provides detailed genomic features of simple and complex chromosomal abnormalities and cryptic aberrations otherwise not detectable by conventional G-band and FISH assays. Integrated chromosome and genomic analyses and evidence-based interpretation should be a standardized cytogenomic procedure for patients with MDS and AML.
Materials and methods
Patient Samples
The Yale cytogenetics laboratory is CLIA-approved and provides diagnostic services to patients with various hematopoietic disorders and solid tumors. Follow up aCGH analyses had been performed on 30 MDS (n = 13) and AML (n = 17) patients with clonal chromosomal abnormalities detected in > 50% of BM or LB cells. All except one (case #17) were elderly patients with ages ranging from 51 to 93 years (average 67 years, Table 1). The criteria regarding the technical feasibility and medical necessity for pursuing diagnostic aCGH was: 1) sufficient residual BM or LB sample available for DNA extraction and clonal chromosomal abnormality detected in > 50% of BM or LB cells analyzed by conventional cytogenetics, 2) presence of chromosomally unresolved complex rearrangement or marker chromosome of unknown origin, and 3) genomic aberrations suspected in addition to the age-related Y chromosome loss and other simple chromosomal abnormalities. Informed consent was obtained from patients for use of residual materials on further genomic diagnosis.
Table 1. Recognized chromosomal abnormalities in the 30 patients with MDS and AML
Conventional Karyotyping and FISH Testing
Conventional chromosome analysis was performed on submitted BM and LB specimens using our laboratory's standardized protocols. Routine FISH tests were performed using a MDS/AML panel of commercial probes for the 5q (EGR1 gene at 5q31), 7q (D7S486 at 7q31), 8q (MYC at 8q24) and 20q (D20S108 at 20q12) loci and for the RUNX1T1 (ETO, 8q21.3), ETV6 (TEL, 12p13.2), RUNX1 (AML1, 21q22), MLL (11q23.3), PML (15q22), RARA (17q21.1), CBFB (16q22) genes and other relevant loci (Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, IL). To confirm significant cryptic genomic aberrations, DNA samples from two BAC clones, RP11-1107G21 (NF1 gene at 17q11.2, chr17:26,415,260-26,627,398, sequence designation per NCBI36/hg18 assembly of the UCSC Human Genome browser http://genome.ucsc.edu/ webcite and RP11-55J8 (RHOT1 gene at 17q11.2, chr17:27,462,203-27,654,151), were purchased from Roswell Park Cancer Institute (Buffalo, NY). The labeling of BAC DNA with fluorescent nucleotides by nick translation, the hybridization and the image analysis were performed as previously described [4,16].
The aCGH Analysis and Data Analysis
Genomic DNAs were extracted from the residual BM or LB specimens using Puregene Kit by following manufacturer's instruction (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). DNA concentration was measured using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (ND-1000, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA) and high molecular weight DNA quality was verified by agarose gel electrophoresis. For each aCGH analysis, 2.5 ug of test genomic DNA from the patient and 2.5 ug of control DNA from a sex-matched or -mismatched healthy individual were used following the manufacturer's protocol for the Agilent Human Genome aCGH microarray 44K kit (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA). This laboratory has validated the aCGH procedure to offer 99% sensitivity and 99% specificity with an average analytical resolution of 300-500 Kb using the log2 ratio from five to seven contiguous probes, and also demonstrated its capacity in detecting 25%, 33% and 50% level of mosaicism [4]. The differential labeling of test and control DNAs, comparative hybridization onto 4x44K Agilent slides, post-hybridization wash, slide scanning, image feature extraction were processed as previously described [4,16]. Data was analyzed using Agilent's DNA Analytical (version 4.0) with the built-in ADM-2 algorithm set at threshold value of 6, a cut off value of 0.25, and a filter of six probes. All CNAs except the recognized copy number variants from the Database of Genomic Variants http://projects.tcag.ca/variation/ webcite were recorded. The base pair designations from the Agilent 44K array are according to the March 2006 Assembly (NCBI36/hg18) on the UCSC Human Genome browser http://genome.ucsc.edu/ webcite. The aCGH finding from each case was compared with the chromosomally detected clonal abnormality to further define the breakpoint and the gene content involved. Raw data from the 30 cases were loaded onto the Nexus5 Software (BioDiscovery, Los Angles) to evaluate the genome-wide distribution and relative frequency of chromosomal and genomic alterations.
The detected clonal chromosomal abnormalities of the 30 patients were listed in Table 1. All recurrent chromosomal deletions and translocations were confirmed by FISH tests using targeted probes. The aCGH analysis detected all main clone numerical chromosomal abnormalities and chromosomally-observed segmental deletions and duplications. The observed numerical abnormalities included gains of chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20 and 22, and losses of chromosomes Y, 5, 7, 13 and 18. No genomic aberration was noted in two patients with a balanced translocation (cases #10 and #21, Table 1). In five cases (cases #21, #26-27, #29-30, Table 1), sideline clones with unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities were not detected by aCGH. A total of 113 CNAs with size ranging from 0.257 to 102.519 Mb were found in 23 patients (an average of 4.8 CNAs per case and of 20.241 Mb per CNA, see Additional file 1, Table S1). The genome-wide distribution of chromosomal and genomic copy number alterations was plotted using the Nexus5 software (Figure 1). Cases sharing similar cytogenetic abnormalities, such as the 5q deletion or monosomy 5 (n = 9), 7q deletion or monosomy 7 (n = 3), trisomy 8 (n = 3), 20q deletion (n = 2), loss of Y (n = 3) and other abnormalities (n = 10), were grouped together to estimate the frequency of other associated aberrations. It was noted that 5q deletions showed many associated recurrent aberrations, especially the 12p deletion (5/9 cases), 17p deletion (3/9) and 17q deletion (2/9). The size distribution and percentage of detected CNAs listed in Table 2 indicated that conventional chromosome analysis with a resolution of 5~10 Mb can miss a significant proportion (44%, 50 CNAs < 10 Mb out of 113 CNAs) of genomic aberrations.
Additional file 1. Table S1. Segemental copy number alterations detected in the 30 MDS/AML patients.
Format: XLS Size: 41KB Download file
This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Viewer
Figure 1. Genome-wide incidence map of abnormal findings from the 30 MDS and AML cases. Complied deletions (red) and duplications (green) from all cases are shown in the top panel and from subgroups based on the major chromosomal abnormalities of 5q deletion (n = 9), 7q deletion (n = 3), trisomy 8 (n = 3), 20q deletion (n = 2), loss of Y chromosome (n = 3) and others (n = 10) are shown in the bottom panel.
Table 2. Size distribution of genomic imbalances
The comparison between chromosomal abnormalities and genomic CNAs further delineated the breakpoints and gene contents involved in both simple and complex chromosomal rearrangements. For example, of the complex karyotype of case #4, the chromosomally observed 5q deletion was actually a result of an 80.5474 Mb deletion of 5q14.3-q34 followed by a fusion of structurally rearranged 17q (segmental deletions and duplication); the 7p deletion was a result of a 20.596 Mb deletion of 7p14.3-p11.2 and a 17.391 Mb deletion of 7p22.1-p15.3; the 9p had a 3.050 Mb microdeletion of 9p23; and what was denoted as additional material onto a 22q and a marker chromosome was most likely a result of a 22q/22q translocation with a 15.235 Mb duplication and a 11.694 Mb triplication of 22q11.2-q12.3 and a 5.199 Mb deletion of 22q13.31-q13.33 (Figure 2A, Additional file 1, Table S1). The case-by-case comparison of chromosomal and genomic findings not only defined the chromosomal abnormalities, but also demonstrated the genomic heterogeneity of recurrent chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomally observed recurrent deletions of 5q, 7q, 9q, 12p, and 20q were all characterized by aCGH and confirmed in ten, three, two, six, and three cases, respectively. Of the 10 cases (cases #1~9 and #13 in Table 1) with a 5q deletion or monosomy 5, a simple deletion of various sizes was seen in seven cases and compound deletions of two or three segments were found in three cases (Additional file 1, Table S1). The deletion of the ETV6 gene at 12p13.2, a gene essential in hematopoiesis and frequently encountered in translocations in acute leukemias and MDS, was noted in five of the six cases with the 12p deletion, including in case #13 a microdeletion of 1.154 Mb confirmed by FISH using the ETV6 probe. Segmental rearrangements involving the TP53 gene by either the whole arm loss or a large deletion of 17p were noted in four cases (#1, #7-8 and #17). A chromosomally undetected deletion of 10.981 Mb at 9p21.3-p21.1 involving the CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes was noted in case #16. Chromosomal analysis recognized two unrelated clones in case #26 featuring a 20q deletion and trisomy 8, respectively. The aCGH detected a 14.920 Mb deletion of 1p36.21-p35.3 and a 20.202 Mb deletion of 20q11.23-q13.3 but not the unrelated clone with trisomy 8. This result suggested that the 1p deletion region may harbor haploinsufficient candidate genes relevant to the etiology or evolution of MDS and AML.
Figure 2. Genomic features of chromosomal abnormalities and cryptic alterations. A) Genome and chromosome views and correlated chromosomal rearrangements for case #4 show large deletion in 5q, truncated deletions in 7p, cryptic deletions in 9p23 and 17q11 (arrows), large duplication and deletion in 17q, a loss of a chromosome 18, segmental duplication and deletion in 22q. The 17q12-q21.31 duplication and 17q21.31-q24.1 deletion may be translocated onto the deleted 5q, and the 22q11.21-q12.3 duplication and 22q13.31-qter deletion may be initiated from a 22q/22q translocation. B) Left panel shows a cryptic genomic deletion of 17q11 in case #22 and FISH using probes for the NF1 and RHOT1 genes confirmed the NF1 gene deletion. Middle panel shows a deletion of 17q11.2 including the NF1 and RHOT1 genes in case #5 and a 17q11.2 deletion distal to the NF1 gene in case #13. Right panel shows complex 11q deletion and amplification involving the MLL gene at 11q23.3 in case #1.
Microdeletions of 1.510 to 3.615 Mb encompassing the NF1 gene at 17q11.2 were found in three cases (cases #4, #5 and #22). FISH analysis using BAC clone probes for the NF1 and RHOT1 genes confirmed these deletions (Figure 2B). It was interesting to observe a transition pattern in case #4 with deletions of NF1 alone, NF1 and RHOT1, and RHOT1 alone in 11%, 12.5% and 34% of cells, respectively. In case #13, a deletion involving the RHOT1 gene but not the NF1 gene was noted and confirmed by FISH. These results suggested that the 17q11.2 region may contain hot spots for initiating deletions from either one or both proximal and distal orientations.
The dmin chromosomes observed in case #19 were further defined as a 4.277 Mb amplification of 8q24.13-q24.21 containing genes TRIB1, MYC and CCDC26. From the log2 ratio of 2.53 for this amplified region, it was estimated that there were average four dmin chromosomes in each leukemic cell. Compound deletions, triplications or quadruplications for 11q were noted in cases #1 and #13, which resulted in complex intrachromosomal rearrangements carrying amplified segments of the MLL gene (Figure 2B). The derivative chromosome 6, der(6)t(3;6)(q21.3;p22.2), in case #12 was further defined with breakpoints involving the RAB43 gene at 3q21.3 and the KIAA0319 gene at 6p22.2; and the isodicentric chromosome of Xp in case #27 was resulted from break and fusion distal to the PHKA1 gene at Xq13.1 (Additional file 1, Table S1).
Cytogenetics has played a major role in both diagnosis and prognosis in patients with hematological malignancies. The newly revised WHO classification of acute myeloid leukemias categorizes AML into subgroups with recurrent genetic abnormalities, with MDS features, treatment related and "not otherwise specified"; the last one is by far the largest category [1]. Cytogenetics is key components of both the international prognostic scoring (IPSS) and the WHO classification-based prognostic scoring systems (WPSS) for the myelodysplastic syndromes [17,18]. However, within all categories prognostic variation is observed, likely among others due to low sensitivity of conventional cytogenetics [12]. Our data demonstrated that aCGH can detect chromosomal, segmental and cryptic aberrations in LB and BM cells from MDS and AML patients. As summarized in Table 2, the aCGH detected an average of 4.8 CNAs per case ranging from 0 to 22, of which an approximately 44% were less than 10 Mb and not evident by conventional cytogenetic analysis. It is noteworthy while on one hand some relatively large deletions and duplications (> 10 Mb) were missed or unresolved by conventional chromosomal analysis, on the other hand chromosomally detected sideline clones were missed by aCGH. Therefore, an integrated cytogenomic approach using chromosome analysis, FISH assay and aCGH would definitely improve the analytical resolution and abnormality detection rate for MDS and AML patients.
The interpretation of the clinical significance of somatic CNAs has been challenge especially for cases with numerous genomic aberrations. An evidence-based approach for interpreting constitutional genomic aberrations could be adopted for somatic CNAs with the classification of research evidence into four levels [6,7]. Level I evidence is derived from recognized disease-causing clonal chromosomal abnormalities in the WHO classification [1] or from well-designed systematic studies; level II evidence comes from series of diagnostic studies; level III evidence is derived from cohort design observational studies or basic research of gene functions and disease mechanisms on in-vitro systems and/or model animals, and level IV is based on case reports or expert's opinions. Genomic findings without evidence were documented as unknown significance and uninterpretable in the laboratory's database but not presented in the diagnostic report. We propose a workflow chart to illustrate the integration of chromosome, FISH and aCGH procedures and the algorithm for interpreting results (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Integrated cytogenomic workflow and proposed algorithm for interpreting and reporting clinically significant genomic findings.
Several systematic genomic studies of MDS and AML patients have revealed recurrent and hidden CNAs and provided level I or II evidence for diagnostic interpretation of genomic findings [8-15]. Rucker FG et al. [8] performed 2.8 K (2,799 BAC/PAC clones) aCGH analysis of 60 AML cases with complex karyotypes and found that the most frequent losses were of 5q (77%), 17p (55%) and 7q (45%) as well as the most frequent gains of 11q (40%) and 8q (38%). Suela J et al. [9] used the 44K oligonucleotide aCGH to study 100 consecutive de novo AML cases and noted most recurrent changes of losses of chromosomes 5, 7, 17 and 20 and gain of chromosome 8. Tyybakinoja et al.[10] used the same 44K oligonucleotide aCGH to analyze 26 AML patients with a normal karyotype and detected deletions of 8q24.3, 12p12.3, 1q41, 18q21.32 12p13.2 and duplications of 3p21.3 and 8q24 in four cases. Akagi T et al.[11] used SNP chip on 38 AML/MDS patients with a normal karyotype and detected CNAs of 3p, 5p, 5q, 7q, 11q, 17p and 17q as well as trisomies of chromosomes 8, 21 and 22. Starczynowski DT et al.[12] used 32K (32,433 BAC clones) tiling aCGH on CD34+ cells from 44 MDS patients and observed that frequent cryptic alterations included gains of 11q and 17q and losses at 2q and 5q. Walter MJ et al.[13] reported that, of 86 adult patients with de novo AML analyzed by SNP array, 40% of patients with an abnormal karyotype also had additional CNAs and 24% of patients with normal cytogenetics had CNAs. Interestingly, similar analysis performed on 111 children with de novo AML noted a low burden of genomic alterations [14]. A recent exploratory study on 30 cases of MDS, myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN) or AML detected genomic aberrations in 24 cases with concordant aCGH/chromosome results in 83% of samples and new CNAs in 47% of cases; and normal aCGH results were noted in four cases with low percentage clonal abnormality (0.7~5%) detected by chromosome analysis [15]. The recurrent genomic alterations and some known genes within the alterations from these studies were summarized in Table 3. These studies and our data indicated that genomic analysis can detect CNAs in 15-40% of AML cases with a normal karyotype, in 40-90% of MDS/AML cases with abnormal clones and in almost 100% of cases with complex chromosomal findings.
Table 3. Representative studies showing evidence for relevant genomic alterations in MDS and AML
Basic researches toward the understanding of gene functions and disease-causing mechanisms or case reports with unique clinical and genomic findings could provide level III and IV evidence for reporting genomic alterations. Detailed genomic analyses of the malignant cells in MDS and AML patients is likely to yield specific types or regions of recurrent chromosomal and genomic abnormalities providing further evidence for disease association and allowing identification of to date unknown candidate genes. Eventually, further classification of disease and targeted treatment can potentially result from such knowledge. The 5q deletion is possibly the best understood recurrent chromosomal deletion in myeloid malignancies. Two common deletion regions (CDR) have been identified conferring either a good (CDR1) or a poor (CDR2) prognosis, but usually changes are more complex [19]. All 5q deletions in our 10 cases and in another study of 12 MDS cases with an isolated 5q deletion by Evers C et al. [20] involved the loss of the RPS14 gene at 5q33.1, which support the causal role of RPS14 haploinsufficiency and were specified in the diagnostic reports [21]. Other haploinsufficiency genes or miR-145 and miR146a at 5q could also have causal or modifying effects [22-24], and should also be referred in the report. A der(6)t(3;6)(q21;p22) in a patient with AML at relapse and a t(1;6)(q21;p22) in another patient were reported [25]. We reported here a der(6)t(3;6)(q21.3;p22.2) likely caused by fusion of the RAB43 gene at 3q21.3 and the KIAA0319 gene at 6p22.2. Analysis of additional cases with similar 6p22 translocations could clarify if this is a recurrent primary or secondary rearrangement in AML. Monosomy 7 and 7q deletions portend a particularly poor prognosis in myeloid malignancies. The candidate genes within the recurrent 7q deletion are still under investigation and a recent study suggested that the SAMD9, SAMD9L and Miki (LOC253012) as the candidate genes for 7q21.3 [26]. Two out of the three cases with 7q deletions in our patients had the 7q21.3 deletion. As reported in the literature [16,27,28] and also shown from our cases #1, #13, # 19 and #23, genomic analysis has been used effectively to define dmin chromosomes of 8q24 and complex 11q rearrangements with or without the MLL gene amplification in simple or complex karyotype. The presence of cytogenetic unresolved marker chromosome in our case #23 and the reported hidden abnormalities associated with t(15;17) justified further genomic analysis for this obvious balanced rearrangements [29,30]. Microdeletions at 17q11.2 involving the NF1 gene are considered to be recurrent cryptic alterations in three of our cases (#4, #5 and #22) and also documented in several reports [9,11-13,31]. The presence of clustered flanking repetitive sequences of the NF1 locus is a likely explanation for recurrence of both constitutional and the somatic deletions [32]; further characterization of the noted transition pattern for the somatic 17q11.2 deletion could lead to better understanding of its mutagenesis mechanism.
In conclusion, our current diagnostic application of aCGH and accumulated evidence from previous studies support an integrated cytogenomic approach with evidence-based interpretation in MDS and AML patients with 1) > 20% blast cells with or without clonal chromosomal abnormality, 2) with complex chromosomal abnormalities, and 3) with simple and balanced rearrangements or a normal karyotyope but suspected cryptic abnormalities. This cytogenomic approach may not only provide a better diagnostic scheme to delineate breakpoints and gene contents of chromosomal and cryptic abnormalities in patients with MDS and AML, but hopefully allow identification of disease-causing or modifying candidate genes, and eventually lead to improved prognostification and treatment of patients with MDS and AML.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
PL was the principal investigator for this project and wrote the manuscript. PL, RB and FX coordinated the sample processing, data analysis, and literature review. PL, RB, FX and BX carried out aCGH analysis. KW, AJD and RK performed chromosome and FISH analyses. FX and AP participated in the BAC clone labeling and FISH analysis. SH provided clinical information and was involved in the discussions. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Yale Center of Excellent for Molecular Hematology (YCEMH-P30) pilot grant to Peining Li supported part of this work. We would like to thank Joan Samuelson and Fang Lin for their technical support, and also extend our appreciation to the patients who participated in this study.
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For the past year, Petra Nemcova has also been helping to further the cause of education in an area devastated by a natural disaster, and last week, her Happy Hearts Fund finished the construction on the kindergarten component of Ecole Nouvelle Zoranje in Haiti. "This school demonstrates that Haiti has the capacity supported by strategic partnerships to develop and to bring opportunities, innovation and quality education to its children," Nemcova said. "It is so exciting to see these bright children to be empowered." Her organization's efforts in Haiti are being bolstered by partner group Fondation ProDev. (PopEater)
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There was also a real Dayton out there, a charming Ohio city… Its citizens energized us from the outset.
- Richard Holbrooke, To End a War
The Dayton Council for International Visitors is administered by the Wright State University Center for international Education (UCIE). This center acts as a catalyst for international education at Wright State and facilitates an environment where students, faculty, staff, and the Dayton community have increased opportunities to gain international understanding through learning and experience. The UCIE not only provides administrative support for academic exchange but also cultural programming to enhance and enrich the international visitor's experience. In addition to academic exchange, the UCIE also designs and administers professional exchange programs in the greater Dayton community through the Dayton Council for International Visitors.
Dayton is situated near the center of the Miami River Valley, a fertile agricultural region with even precipitation and moderate temperatures. The city was settled in 1796 and named for Jonathan Dayton, the youngest signatory of the U.S. Constitution and a local landowner. The opening of the Miami and Erie Canal in the 1840's and the construction of railways beginning in the 1850's led to the growth and prosperity of Dayton's manufacturing infrastructure and helped build the city's reputation as a logistical centroid.
By the 1870s, Dayton had attracted some of the country's best and brightest inventors, engineers, and industry researchers. Famous inventors such as the Wright Brothers, who invented the first practical airplane, and Charles F. Kettering, inventor of the electrical starting motor, called Dayton home, and innovative companies, including the National Cash Register Company which manufactured the first cash registers, became cornerstones of Dayton's economy. According to the U.S. Patent Office, Dayton had more patents granted per capita than any other U.S. city in the 1890s.
Many world-famous thinkers and inventors have called Dayton, Ohio home. In that same spirit, the city continues this tradition of innovation by positioning itself as an emerging global technology hub and a center for cutting-edge research initiatives. These industries, along with strong healthcare and defense sectors, recently earned Dayton the ranking of top midsized metropolitan area in the nation for economic development, according to Site Selection magazine. Nicknamed "the birthplace of aviation" for its close association with the Wright Brothers, Dayton has retained a strong connection to the industry. Today the city is home to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, the largest base of the United States Air Force, and the National Museum of the United States Air Force.
Today, the greater Dayton region is a mid-sized community known for its midwestern hospitality and charm. Neighborhoods are the centerpiece of Dayton, and residents openly collaborate with business owners, community stakeholders and governmental bodies to help shape the city's future. A large part of this shared vision is embodied in the 2011 "Welcome Dayton" initiative, an action plan to create a supportive and welcoming community and to build a national reputation as an immigrant friendly city.
Visitors to Dayton will enjoy discovering its unique tourist attractions and interesting features. Located minutes from downtown Dayton are several well-known museums including the National Museum of the United States Air Force, the official museum of the United States Air Force and the world's largest and oldest military aviation museum. For visitors who enjoy performing arts, Dayton offers affordable world-class Broadway performances, concerts, and lectures in some of the region's most innovative venues. The greater Dayton area also boasts more parks and green space than any other metropolitan area its size giving visitors an array of outdoor recreation and education opportunities.
Named after the Wright brothers, Wright State has built a national reputation as a suburban research university steeped in a culture of innovation. Wright State provides state-of-the-art facilities and ranks fourth among Ohio's public universities in federal research expenditures. Its strong links to business and community organizations offer unique educational opportunities to a diverse student body of nearly 20,000, including over 1000 international students representing 64 different countries. Boasting two campuses, the university offers 110 undergraduate and 76 Ph.D., master's and professional degrees spread over 10 schools and colleges. The Wright State Boonshoft School of Medicine is affiliated with seven major teaching hospitals and more than 20 other health-care institutions. Wright State University is also host to the Dayton Council on World Affairs and offers international education programs open to the Greater Dayton community.
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You Probably Need This Miley Cyrus Sweatshirt
We stumbled across this gem on Beloved (on sale!), and knew that we had to have it. First off, it takes all of the Miley insanity and turns it on itself. Second, there's just something about it that is so enthralling. The baby blue color, the geometric prints, and Miley's reptilian tongue all combine to make the craziest pop culture riff of all time. Plus, graphic tops are so in right now. We plan on ordering this ASAP, and wearing the most talked-about outfit at the office next week.
Can't Stop Won't Stop Sweatshirt, $59, available at Beloved.


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Month of May Bronze Badges Now On Sale
November 25, 2015 | By IMS
One of the most treasured pieces of racing memorabilia and among the greatest entertainment values in sports, Indianapolis Motor Speedway Month of May Bronze Badges are on sale now just in time for the holiday season. Visit www.ims.com/bronzebadge for purchasing information.
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Legendary Band Journey to Rock Miller Lite Carb Day over Historic 100th Running Indianapolis 500 Weekend
November 24, 2015 | By IMS
The historic 2016 Indianapolis 500 weekend, culminating with the 100th Running of the Greatest Spectacle in Racing, will kick off on Friday, May 27, with the legendary rock band Journey on Miller Lite Carb Day.
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Monday Racing Roundup: Kyle Busch Wins NASCAR Sprint Cup Title at Homestead
November 23, 2015 | By IMS
Finishing off one of the most remarkable comebacks in NASCAR history—indeed, in the annals of sport—Kyle Busch won Sunday's Ford EcoBoost 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway and, with it, his first NASCAR Sprint Cup Series championship.
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Monday Racing Roundup: Championship Foursome Set
November 16, 2015 | By IMS
A serendipitous sequence of pit stops and a drizzle that turned into a downpour made a winner of Dale Earnhardt Jr. in Sunday night's Quicken Loans Race for Heroes 500 at Phoenix International Raceway, the start of which was delayed from day to night by rain in the afternoon.
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New Hulman Terrace Club Offers Premium Seating for IMS Events
November 16, 2015 | By IMS
The Hulman Terrace Club, located on the outside of the front straightaway of the famed 2.5-mile oval past the exit of Turn 4, will feature more than 1,000 seats plus ADA-accessible seating for fans seeking a club option similar to what is offered at many other major U.S. stadiums. It's the first new seating option at IMS in more than a decade and a key piece of the ongoing Project 100 initiative. Pre-sale registration is available here with tickets officially going on sale Dec. 1.
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Borg-Warner Trophy and Stanley Cup Meet at Yard of Bricks
November 13, 2015 | By IMS
Two of the most iconic symbols of victory in sports - the Borg-Warner Trophy and the Stanley Cup - appeared together Thursday night for a photo session on the world famous Yard of Bricks at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The Stanley Cup appeared at IMS courtesy of the Indy Fuel, the ECHL affiliate of the National Hockey League Stanley Cup champion Chicago Blackhawks.
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Hulman Motorsports Announces Leadership Appointments
November 12, 2015 | By INDYCAR
Hulman & Company CEO Mark Miles announced today that widely respected motorsports industry veteran Jay Frye has been named President of Competition and Operations for INDYCAR. Frye previously served as Chief Revenue Officer for Hulman Motorsports after decades of experience leading successful NASCAR racing teams and securing industry first sponsorships.
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How Tony Hulman and Wilbur Shaw Rejuvenated IMS, 70 Years Ago
November 12, 2015 | By Donald Davidson, IMS historian
During the World War II years, the Shelbyville, Indiana-born three-time winner of the Indianapolis "500" had temporarily relocated to Akron, Ohio, for the purpose of heading up Firestone Tire and Rubber Company's new aircraft division. He, along with all of the other race drivers, looked forward to the time when the war would end so that they could return to their first love: driving in the "500."
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Hinchcliffe Named Honorary Chairman of Rev 2016
November 10, 2015 | By IMS
"It really is a thrill for me to be partnering with Rev this year," said Hinchcliffe, who has four Verizon IndyCar Series victories. "I can't believe how it has grown into a must-attend event in just two years.
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Monday Racing Roundup: Johnson Completes Texas Sweep
November 09, 2015 | By IMS
On Sunday, the six-time NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion completed a sweep of this year's Texas Motor Speedway races, powering past hapless Brad Keselowski with three laps left to win the AAA Texas 500 for the fourth straight year.
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Monday Racing Roundup: Gordon Punches Ticket for Chase Finale
November 02, 2015 | By IMS
Long before Gordon held off Jamie McMurray in a two-lap run to the finish as darkness consumed the .526-mile short track, Kenseth ended polesitter Joey Logano's remarkable run in the Chase for the NASCAR Sprint Cup by pile-driving Logano's No. 22 Team Penske Ford, which was leading the race at the time, into the Turn 1 wall on Lap 454 of 500.
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Verizon IndyCar Series' Momentum Shows in 2016 Schedule
October 29, 2015 | By Marshall Pruett, Special to IMS.com
Highlighted by the 100th Running of the Indianapolis 500 in May, IndyCar has added two more pieces of history to 2016 with returns to the 1-mile oval in Phoenix and the beloved 4-mile road course in Elkhart Lake.
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The 32-foot Yellowfin CC, with twin 300 hp Yamaha engines, provides speed and stability for inshore and offshore fishermen. PHOTOS: COURTESY OF SOUTH JERSEY MARINA
After all his years in the boating industry, Mark Allen of South Jersey Marina continues to be amazed by the number of people attending boat shows who have no intention of buying a boat.
"Many are just looking for something to do, to look at the boats and maybe dream of owning one when they win the lottery," he said
But as show manager for the Strictly Boaters Boat Show taking place at South Jersey Marina, Allen has crafted a show with serious boat buyers in mind. ...