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Help OO'ing my code please...
Jay Ran
Joined: Feb 11, 2003
Posts: 2
Feb 11, 2003 12:19:00
Hi there,
I can write
programs that will compile after 2 or 3 runs of the compiler cleaning up my syntax and miscapitalizations. My largest problem is that I have a horrible tendency to write very procedural java code. I understand the basics of OO and conceptually "dig it", but that little step of application eludes me.
I have a simple urlconnection that sends a reader to another class which is a simple parser, I thought I could put the parser in its own class file so that I could "reuse" it sometime in the future. I am not sure how to go about this. Here is one of my attempts.
import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.net.*; public class URLConnector { public static void main (String[] args) { if (args.length > 0) { try { //Open the URLconnection for reading URL u = new URL (args[0]); URLConnection uc = u.openConnection(); InputStream log = uc.getInputStream(); InputStream buffer = new BufferedInputStream(log); //chain InputStream to Reader Reader r = new InputStreamReader(buffer); new RequestParser(r); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { System.err.println(args[0] + " is not a parseable URL"); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println(e); } } //end if } //end main } //end
and here is the parser, it fails in the urlconnector when I try to call RequestParser.
import java.net.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class RequestParser { public static void main(Reader r) throws IOException { BufferedReader myBuffer = new BufferedReader(r); String myString; ArrayList myList = new ArrayList(); int i = 0; //initialize counters int j = 0; while ((myString=myBuffer.readLine()) != null) //start loop through all lines { StringTokenizer myTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(myString,","); while (myTokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) //loop through all line tokens { myList.add(myTokenizer.nextToken()); } while (j <= myList.size()) { System.out.println(myList.get(j)); j++; } //ObjectBuilder(myList); } } }
*forgot to mention, RequestParser compiles fine, I run: java URLConnector "url" -classpath .
to include the current directory where the RequestParser.class resides.
[ February 11, 2003: Message edited by: Jeff Rand ]
[ February 11, 2003: Message edited by: Jeff Rand ]
William Barnes
Ranch Hand
Joined: Mar 16, 2001
Posts: 986
I like...
Feb 11, 2003 12:56:00
The first thing I notice is that you don't have any methods. Think about each class. What 'jobs' or 'tasks' would other objects which are using this classes want to do? Those could become methods.
So if I want an instance of your URLConnector class what would I want to be able to do? Maybe send a request, so that would be a method called SendRequest(). What input would this method need, what would it output? ...
You only need one 'main', and that could be in your
Please ignore post, I have no idea what I am talking about.
Greg Charles
Joined: Oct 01, 2001
Posts: 2968
I like...
Feb 11, 2003 13:09:00
What you want in RequestParser is a constructor, but what you have is a method called main. A method called "main" is usually the entry point to an application, and it then has the form:
public static void main(
[] args)
Defining main to take a Reader parameter as you have done is legal, so it does compile, but it won't be the entry point to an application, and it definitely won't be a constructor. When you construct the RequestParser with: new RequestParser(r), the JVM is looking for a matching constructor, not for a method called main. You could change the main method to a constructor, but you still wouldn't be really "OO". The constructor should just do basic initialization stuff, say setting up the reader. There should be a method, say called parse, that actually does the work.
Congratulations, you've taken your first step into a bigger world!
Jay Ran
Joined: Feb 11, 2003
Posts: 2
Feb 11, 2003 13:43:00
Thank you for your help I have it working now and am working on adding the methods suggested as well.
Thanks again.
William Barnes
Ranch Hand
Joined: Mar 16, 2001
Posts: 986
I like...
Feb 11, 2003 14:45:00
As Greg said, the constructor shouldn't do any real work. Just whatever is needed to get the object up and running.
Your test driver would (for example) 1] get an instance of the
class, 2] call a method to send a request, 3] call a method to see if any errors were returned, 4] call a method to get the response, 5] get an instance of the Parser class, 6] send the response to the Parser, ... clean up, ...
After all that works you can think about any relationship your 2 classes might have to one another. Two of the more popluar being "isA" and "hasA".
I agree. Here's the link:
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Bring on the blue ? Fergie has a boy on the way! The pregnant singer's husband, Josh Duhamel, gave away the gender of their baby-to-be during a pre-taped episode of Live! With Kelly and Michael. Co-hosts Kelly Ripa and Michael Strahanheld up pink and blue onesies,as Duhmanel asked the audience, "What do you guys think, boy or girl?" After acting a bit coy, the Safe Haven star snagged the blue outfit, sending the crowd into cheers.
Jake Gyllenhaal is no longer hiding his affection for model Alyssa Miller after first being linked together last month. The two were spotted out in NYC holding hands like a real, bonafide couple while they strolled around the city with HIS MOM! But we're guessing his momma didn't feel like a third wheel because his pup joined them all for the stroll. Nothing like a little puppy company to turn three's a crowd into a party!
Nearly three years after her split from Jim Carrey, it appears that Jenny McCarthy has found herself a new man. And surprisingly enough, the mystery man is none other than Former New Nikds On The Block member Donnie Wahlberg

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The Jewish Federation of Brevard will present a Holocaust Remembrance program on Sunday after a Walk of Remembrance.
- Filed Under
Safe and Sober: Club Zion Community Church, 830 S. Atlantic Ave., Cocoa Beach, is presenting Christopher Ministries in a 5K walk promoting healthy living and sobriety 8 a.m. today. 321-745-0776
Family picnic: Palm Bay United Methodist Church, 895 Emerson Drive, will hold a family picnic at Fred Lee Park from 11 to 6 p.m. today. Plates $12, adults, $8 for children. 321-727-8651.
Holocaust remembrance: Jewish Federation of Brevard, Gleason Auditorium, Melbourne, will present a Holocaust Remembrance program at 2:30 p.m. Sunday after a Walk of Remembrance from Melbourne Square mall to the Florida Institute of Technology. The walk begins 12:30 p.m. 321-759-1565.
Hunger walk: Eastminster Presbyterian Church, Indialantic, will host a four-mile walk over the Melbourne Causeway to raise money and awareness for poverty programs. The walk begins 1:15 p.m. Sunday. 321-723-0915.
Talent show: Triumph the Church & Kingdom of God in Christ is presenting the Everything Gospel Talent Live Show at 6 p.m. April 12 at the Eau Gallie Civic Center, 1551 Highland Ave., Melbourne. Registration: $25, groups $50. 352-317-4257.
Sabbath concert: Kol Mashiach Messianic Synagogue, 1621 Lake Washington Road, Melbourne, is presenting the group New Jerusalem in concert 10 a.m. April 13. 321-255-2557.
Jazz in the Bay: Palm Bay Seventh-day Adventist FOCUS Youth Group is presenting "Jazz in the Bay," with spoken-word poetry and music 8 p.m. April 13 at Bayside Lakes Club House, 3375 Bayside Lakes Blvd. in Palm Bay. Tickets: $5. 321-952-8617.
Food pantry fundraiser: Greater Allen Chapel A.M.E. Church will hold a Spring Celebration and Honor Our Youth program 5 p.m. April 13 at Crane Creek Augustus Center, 2222 South Harbor City Blvd., Melbourne. Tickets $25. 321-752-5593.
Anger seminar: Yogashakti Mission, 3895 Hield Road, Palm Bay, will feature a lecture by Dr. David Warren on "Need as the Root of Anger," beginning 9 a.m. April 14. 321-725-4024.
Christian athletes: Palm Bay Unity Center, 6525 Babcock St., will present a meeting with the Central Florida Fellowship of Christian Athletes 6 p.m. April 17. 407-644-8292.
Wine tasting: Temple Beth Sholom, Melbourne, is holding its 14th annual Toast & Taste Event fundraiser from 7 to 10 p.m. April 20 at Wesche Jewelers in Viera. 321-254-6333.
Fish Fry: Palm Bay United Methodist Church, 2100 Port Malabar Blvd. NE, will hold a Fun Fish Fry program 5 p.m. April 27. Tickets: $10. The event will also feature a grand re-opening of the Donroy Thrift Shop at the church. 321-727-8651.
Opera concert: Unitarian Fellowship of Pineda, 3115 Friendship Place, Rockledge, will host "Music on the Hill," as performed by University of Central Florida opera students 4 p.m. April 28. Donation: $5. 321-254-3398


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Originally posted by Div Raj: I studied in Java, that each Java file should have a Main method.
Originally posted by Div Raj: And the name of that class in which the main is written should be the file name.
Originally posted by Mourouganandame Arunachalam: Hi Divya, As stated by "Bear" in the other thread, you need to adjust your display name as per Javaranch basic rules. If you don't know how to change, please ask.... :-) Thanks for your understanding. Mourougan
each Java file should have a Main method
Originally posted by Sagar Rohankar: I think, the display name is "Div Raj" , is fine !
you can develop two types of applications in java. Desktop based standalone applications and Web based applications.


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The pictures above were taken when I was on a trip supporting the fundamental education in the mountain area of China. The life status of children there is like "reversed empty nest". Their parents, in order to earn enough money to support the family, left their children behind and went to big cities in search of opportunities. Growing up with their granparents or even just their neighbours, seeing their parents only once in some two or three years, many of these children become extremely eager to know more about the outside world, and the information about how wonderful the world is and how amazing they themseves could be is exactly what we want to convey to them. During my stay there, the children and I grew great fondness of each other (or maybe they just like torturing me), and I was deeply moved by the choldren's curiosity and innocence on multiple occasions, which inspired me to keep looking for chances to help others.
Now they've moved to a bigger school in the town for their 5th and 6th grade (some children I'm still in touch with told me this) and I'm here in America pursuing my college education, my willingness to see a broader world and help people from different backgrounds hasn't changed. This time, together with 6 other amzing Vanderbilt students, I'm going to Ecuador to explore as well as to contribute. This experience, I belive, will benefit my personal development as well as those who are in needs. And you now have the chance to do all of us a favor just by donating $1,$5,$3.1415926, or whatever amount you feel appropriate. Every cent is meaning ful to us and will be appreciated, so please give us a hand, make one of your daily pinkberry, starbucks, or excessive wasted meal plan into unfathomable positive impact on other people.
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By On the occasion of our 20th anniversary
Why Do Mexis Like Wrought-Iron Fences?
By Gustavo Arellano
By R. Scott Moxley
By Alfonso Delgado
Women For: OC are Stitching and Bitching
By Courtney Hamilton
Santa Ana River Ready for Its Renaissance
By Joel Beers
By Peter Maguire
Can Tech Ruin the Kim Pham Murder Trial?
By Charles Lam
Four years ago I advocated here that we vote for Ralph Nader. I voted Nader and would do so again, if supporting the most forthright and just plain rightcandidate was all that mattered at our point in history. But the reality is that Ralph has more likelihood of being voted president of the Corvair Club than he does of ever leading the nation he's served so well. It will take a long, hard-won enlightenment before such a day comes.
Yes, the ship of state needs a drastic overhaul to secure it from the corporate rats gnawing the rigging and befouling the larder. But before we start rearranging the bulkheads, we desperately need to first get rid of the guy who is knocking holes in the hull. And, yo-ho matey, the only one with a chance of ousting Bush is John Kerry.
Nader was very much wrong four years ago when he insisted there was no difference between Bush and Gore. The Bush wrecking crew has undone much of Ralph's lifetime of accomplishment—gutting environmental regulations, workplace safety rules, etc.—and if given another term they may well preside over the death of the United States as we've known and loved it.
Oh, we'll zombie-shuffle along, but the soul that lit this nation will be under so much spiritual ash that it may never rekindle. You know the image the world saw of the Ubu-like, hooded, electrode-wired Abu Ghraib victim? That ain't the Statue of Liberty, kids. And if you do your reading, you'll learn it's not so isolated, that prisoners in our custody have been beaten to death, that even one of our own soldiers masquerading as a detainee in a Guantanamo training exercise was beaten nearly to death, and that a policy to render the Geneva Conventions "quaint" was formulated in the White House.
Our troops aren't monsters, but war is monstrous. That's why it's supposed to be a last resort. Instead, as every goddamned bit of news confirms, Bush and Co. rushed into Iraq without cause, and with a zealot's recklessness for the realities of winning it. Which puts our troops in an untenable position, trying to bring order to a looted nation gutted of its infrastructure and civil service, fighting "insurgents" who are regarded as freedom fighters by their neighbors, who—because we've occupied their nation—see us as occupiers. Christ, even Pat Robertson tried to tell Bush it was going to be a mess.
Would Jesus have gone to war with Iraq? Does Bush have some special Bible, where Jesus preached delivering a preemptive shiv to the carotid if you worried that someone might someday smite your cheek?
That's the skewed equation of Iraq, where we warred upon a people on the trumped-up possibility that their malfunctioning, U.S.-installed dictator (whose greatest atrocities were done under the approving eye of the Reagan administration) might eventually pose a threat to us. Are our innocent victims worth that much more than theirs? And does killing innocents make sense in a "war on terror" where injustice only swells the enemy's ranks?
We've woken up in Bizzaro World, where the fractured "democracy" we're creating there is headed by a former CIA asset who has shut newspapers, expelled news networks and banned hospitals from releasing figures on the number of missile-torn civilians filling their beds. In Bizzaro World, Donald Rumsfeld thinks an election that excludes a quarter of the population is still an election.
We could fill this issue with the missteps Bush took in Iraq, and equal ink could be shed on every other field this administration has trampled upon. President Bush gripes about Kerry's "litany of complaints," but that doesn't make the complaints any less true. While the terrorist threat was used to broach our civil rights with the Patriot Act, our ports are unprotected and our chemical plants unguarded, because Bush sided with industry instead of the public interest.
They've rolled back hundreds of environmental regulations, earning the worst marks ever from green organizations. Nobel Prize winners and thousands of other prominent scientists have objected to the administration's distortion and suppression of science. School districts are going broke trying to fulfill the underfunded mandates of "No Child Left Behind." We have the highest deficit in history, and the highest trade deficit as well. Health and insurance costs are soaring. The oilman's energy policy has resulted in record gas and heating oil prices, and record profits for his contributors. Jobs are being shipped overseas.
And given the rate at which only the rich are becoming richer, the "ownership society" may soon consist of us being owned—DNA and all—by some corporation.
Speaking against Kerry's plan to restore taxes on the rich to their pre-Bush levels, Bush is making the strangest argument you've ever heard from a conservative: "When you hear them say tax the rich, be careful. The rich hire lawyers and accountants for a reason, because they don't want to pay. And you get stuck with the tab."
He's said this in several speeches, and the literal message is that the rich—of whom he is one and whose interests he unabashedly serves—don't pay their fair share, never will, and that's just the way it is, and if he thought it should be any different then maybe the three branches of government his party controls would do something about it, instead of giving the rich even more breaks on the taxes they aren't paying. (The Republican-run Congress just voted in another $137 billion in tax cuts and handouts to America's largest corporations.) Are we a republic or a fiefdom?The news shows are telling us thatAmericans vote their feelings. So it's like picking which animal you like best. Nader's a raccoon: fascinating, elusive, but you worry he'll get into your garbage. Kerry's a giraffe: watch him earnestly chew leaves for five minutes and you've seen all you're gonna see. But Bush? He's the rascally little chimp. He's spoiled from all the attention and unearned treats he's been given; he flung monkey poo all over the house; he pet the cat to death, yet you want to keep him around to see what antics he'll get up to next.
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Spirit of Tasmania passenger numbers rise 9 per cent — and lower fares are on the horizon
- From: Mercury
- August 20, 2014
THOUSANDS of extra passengers are travelling on the Spirit of Tasmania ferries as the State Government pushes ahead with an election promise to reduce fares.
Infrastructure Minister Rene Hidding said the TT-Line had recorded strong growth in passenger numbers.
"To August 3, passengers on the Spirit of Tasmania vessels had increased by more than 9 per cent compared to the same time last year, and forward bookings for the period August 25 to November 23 are up by 9.8 per cent.
"By choosing not to raise fares in line with a CPI increase for the next 12 months, the TT-Line is delivering a real saving for passengers, which comes on top of a slight price fall from July 1 due to the removal of the carbon tax," he said.
However, Labor Leader Bryan Green accused Mr Hidding of dodging repeated calls to cut the fares.
"The Liberals promised a 20 per cent fare reduction during the election but in government they have repeatedly failed to say when or if the promise will be delivered," he said.
Mr Hidding said TT-Line would soon begin delivering a new business plan including refurbishment of the ferries and providing more frequent day sailings to further reduce fares and increase passenger numbers.
Tourism Industry Council of Tasmania chief executive Luke Martin said the jump in passenger numbers was a real boost for the industry.
"These are big numbers compared to the last year or two, so it bodes well for tourism, particularly regional tourism," he said.
Mr Martin said passengers arriving on the Spirit of Tasmania spent an average of $1000 more than those who flew to Tasmania and also stayed in the state for twice as long.
Also yesterday, Carnival Cruise Lines released three new itineraries to Tasmania following a successful inaugural visit earlier this year.
Last cruise ship season a record 63 ships arrived in Tasmania, including 36 separate visits for Hobart, which was worth an estimated $10 million to the state.
Next summer more than 70 ship visits are booked across the state, including 42 to Hobart, 15 into Burnie, and nine to Port Arthur.
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Comments on this story
Kurt Hardy of Launceston Posted at 7:03 PM August 21, 2014
Lower fares will be a godsend when they finally arrive. A quote of nearly $3000 return for a family of five ( two cabins), vehicle and small caravan was a bit on the excessive side.
Robert Rodway of East Risdon 7017 Posted at 12:12 PM August 21, 2014
Why all the whinging regarding the Bass Strait ferries?.there are over 10 different companies operating similar in transit on the Irish Sea and English Channel without negative comments.Although i must admit the mono hull ships are more popular in rough weather.
Don Rumney of Acton Posted at 10:22 AM August 21, 2014
Bill, No I don't profess to have the same amount of experience as you, but I have had the experience in small and large boats and noticed the difference. Common sense will even tell a landlubber that a longer, deeper, beamier boat is a lot heavier and less prone to be tossed about as a smaller lighter one. You sound as though you consider any boat other than a monohull is not worthy of consideration.


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From a legendary abstract painter and an up-and-coming installation artist to a master weaver and an established filmmaker, the first few months of 2013 promise to be all about the ladies—and a handful of men who don't fit the art-world mold. Start the year off right by promising to visit five shows that give great artists their due.
Generations: Louise Fishman, Gertrude Fisher-Fishman and Razel Kapustin
It's a family thing. Generations contextualizes renowned abstract painter Louise Fishman's oeuvre in the branches of a creative family tree. Primed for and preceded in painting by her mother, Gertrude Fisher-Fishman, and her aunt, Razel Kapustin, Fishman junior's legendary body of work is revealed here in a new and intimate light. While Fishman is internationally recognized for her feminist brand of abstract expressionism, her female forebears had quieter, local careers in Philadelphia. Fishman will give an artist talk on Jan. 6.
Through Jan. 6, Woodmere Art Museum, 9201 Germantown Ave. 215.247.0476. woodmereartmuseum.org
Lenore Tawney: Wholly Unlooked For
In Philadelphia, we get our fiber. There's the Fabric Workshop and Museum, the Art Alliance's crafts-focused mission and Fiber Philadelphia, the international biennial of fiber art. Just last year, the ICA presented a stunning retrospective of fiber artist Sheila Hicks, and now, the University of the Arts (in partnership with the Maryland Institute College of Art and the Lenore Tawney Foundation) offers their rejoinder. Lenore Tawney will be the first exhibition of the pioneering fiber artist's since her death, at the age of 100, in 2007. Tawney is credited with pushing artistic weaving from pictorial tapestries toward more sculptural elements known as "fiberworks."
Jan. 17-March 2, Rosenwald-Wolf Gallery, University of the Arts, Anderson Hall, 333 S. Broad St. 215.717.6480. uarts.edu
Tacita Dean: JG
British-born, Berlin-based artist Tacita Dean is known for her poetic, elliptical films, the newest of which will premiere at Arcadia University this February. Commissioned by Arcadia with the support of the Pew Center for Arts & Heritage, the film puts novelist J.G. Ballard's short story The Voices of Time (1960) in conversation with Robert Smithson's earthwork and film, Spiral Jetty (1970); apparently, it's a conversation about the salt flats of Utah and southern California. The project's many layers is typical of Dean's work, although it has been billed as a "radical departure." Happily, Philadelphians may decide for themselves by comparing JG with a selection of Dean's other work and influences on view at International House and the Fabric Workshop and Museum.
Feb. 7-April 21. Arcadia University Art Gallery, Arcadia University, 450 S. Easton Rd., Glenside. 215.572.2131. gallery.arcadia.edu
Great and Mighty Things: Outsider Art from the Jill and Sheldon Bonovitz Collection
It's always satisfying to see a distinguished survey museum bow before the untrained talent of artists who tend not to fall within the art-historical canon. This groundbreaking exhibition showcasing art from the promised gift of Jill and Sheldon Bonovitz is sure to delight, with homemade constructions engineered from chicken bones, dirt, soot, roofing tin and a host of other humble materials. Further than simply highlighting the strange objects and remarkable talent that can arise outside of art schools, the exhibition also promises to tackle an important question: How does the category "outsider artist" need to be adjusted, updated or reconfigured in an art world that has relied heavily on vernacular materials and pop-cultural forms since the post-war era?
March 3-June 9. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 26th St. and Benjamin Franklin Pkwy. 215.763.8100. philamuseum.org
Karla Black
Whether it's a pointed seasonal pairing or just happy serendipity, it seems only fitting that Glasgow-based artist Karla Black's solo show at ICA will open in the spring. Her palette is vernal, and her constructions are delicate. Rumpled cellophane floats down from the ceiling, plaster confections languish like leftover layer cakes, and pink powder sprays across the floor. Black's rumpled pastels aren't treacly but rather dewy (and sometimes gooey; her work often features smeared or dripped cosmetics and toiletries). For her first major museum presentation in the United States, Black will create two site-specific sculptures on the ICA's second floor.
April 24-July 28. Institute of Contemporary Art, 118 S. 36th St. 215.898.7108. icaphila.org
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Calendar: November 18-25
PW's Weekend Picks: Noshhh; Stars Ball; Bacon & Beer Fest; and more!


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'stekki' is the phonetic english [or romaji] for すてき [soo-teh-key], which means wonderful, lovely, splendid, great…
Editorial meeting tomorrow with one collaborator. Then we put the gas pedal down to get the first issue finished asap. Now the name, general style is sorted out it's all down to the content… gathering that all together over the next few weeks. It's been a long wait for this to come to fruition and there will be some changes to things along the way but we're on the final few laps now. Excited.
+andrew holian's photos grace this preview. Shot with my daughter, Shiho Mikuni and Masako Tatsukawa recently – for lesson one of the fashion course Andrew is doing with me. The lovely Shiho makes it onto the cover. She'll be joining us for the workshop in Tohoku at the end of this month. Very excited about that too.
Stekki: the new magazine from Japanorama
Preview of the new magazine from Japanorama.co.uk Full publication available soon.
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By TOM LEA
MADISON – Because the ongoing scandal casting the darkest of dark shadows over a once proud Penn State football program didn't create a competitive advantage for the current football team, Wisconsin athletic director Barry Alvarez is hesitant to assume the NCAA is going to issue the death penalty on one of the Big Ten's member institutions.
"There would be too much collateral damage to people that had nothing to do with it," Alvarez, speaking on ESPN Madison's (FM 100.5) 'In the Trenches' radio program Thursday night, said. "I think the Big Ten and the NCAA is waiting to see what Penn State — the new administration — will impose upon themselves."
So far the NCAA has not gotten involved in regards to imposing sanctions on the program that seemingly covered up former defensive coordinator Jerry Sandusky's repeated sexual misconduct as it related to children. Penn State has yet to levy any sort of penalty on itself, although investigations continue to murmer.
Sandusky was found guilty of 45 of 48 counts of sexual abuse of a child last month. The charges demand a minimum of 60 years in prison and a maximum of 442. He is currently behind bars.
There has been strong public support behind the potential unleashing of the death penalty resulting from the lack of action inside Penn State's athletic department — basically eliminating all football operations for a specified amount of time — but Alvarez isn't fond of that sentiment.
"Let's be realistic," he said. "Everybody who was involved is gone. The athletic director is out of there, he's on paid leave (Tim Curley). The president has been fired (Graham Spanier). Another administrator is gone, Joe (Paterno) is gone. They've taken some steps already and they're revisiting this.
"They have not broken any NCAA rules. Institutional control? Yes. But where do you go with that? It's unprecedented."
Louis Freeh, longtime director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, released his 267-page report that strongly suggested a culture of secrecy inside the Penn State athletic department and amongst its board of trustees on July 12.
"Our most saddening and sobering finding," Freeh explained during his press conference on July 12. "Is the total disregard for the safety and welfare of Sandusky's child victims by the most senior leaders at Penn State."
Freeh dug through 3.5 million emails and interviewed more than 430 people involved with the case.
"They're trying to do things the right way," Alvarez said. "They're addressing them. They don't have their head in the sand. They're not denying anything. I've been very impressed with Dave Joyner (PSU's new athletic director). He's a no-nonsense guy. I can see that.
"They've taken a stand. They've fired people in very high places."
Alvarez went on to talk about the difference between the Penn State case and cases that resulted in programs being placed on probation by the NCAA, such as Ohio State (free tattoos) and Southern California (improper benefits).
"There was no competitive advantage here, which the school's put on probation did have," he said. "They had a competitive advantage on the things they were allowing their players to do or things they were allowing them to receive.
"This is a moral issue. The lack of institutional control does play into it."
One of the much-supported gripes regarding Paterno, his legacy and the recently unveiled culture of cover up highlighted in the Freeh report is that the long-standing head coach had accrued too much power throughout his decades-upon-decades run atop the football food chain.
Alvarez, a former Big Ten coach, echoed that sentiment by sharing a story regarding Paterno and former athletic director Tim Curley.
"Tim Curley was a walk-on for him," Alvarez said. "Tim was a graduate assistant (GA) for him for one year and then he put him in the administration. He (Paterno) got Tim that job. I love Tim Curley and I have great admiration for him, always have. He wouldn't let Tim go to practice. He kicked him out of practice. Can you imagine that?
"Who's running that place? You think Tim is going to tell him,' Okay, you're going to step down from the job' or 'No, that's not right?'
Alvarez, though not implying things of the same extent, said Paterno probably wasn't the only head coach that had outstanding power within his respective program.
"Joe was bigger than the program," Alvarez said. "Joe was bigger than the school. I'm not too sure Woody Hayes wasn't the same way, although they let Woody go after he punched an opposing player on the sideline. Let's take a look at Bobby Knight. How strong was Bobby Knight when he was at Indiana?
"I'm sure people would say, although he was fired, that there wasn't anybody stronger than him and he was going to get his way."
Listen to Alvarez's entire interview here.
Return to: Wisconsin Badgers Blog


text:
The high and ever growing incidence of interfaith marriage
among American Jews is posing a difficult challenge
to the majority of American rabbis, forcing many into
a fundamental conflict between their religious convictions
and their desire to meet the needs of their congregants.
That is one of the central conclusions of a new national
survey sponsored by the Jewish Outreach Institute, an
independent educational and research organization working
to promote the Jewish continuity of interfaith families.
Close to half the rabbis responding to the survey indicated
that their attitudes toward intermarriage had undergone
change -- most toward greater accommodation of the needs
of the intermarried families -- as a result of the 1990
National Jewish Population Survey, which had shown that
more than half of Jews getting married since 1985 are
marrying someone who is not Jewish and fewer than a
third of those couples are committed to raising their
children as Jews.
Rabbis are trained primarily as scholars and educators.
Yet, a significant part of their professional life
is taken up with the performance of ceremonial functions
associated with weddings, births and funerals. Because
Jewish law, known as halachah, prohibits
marriage between Jews and non-Jews, rabbis face
a dilemma when confronted by couples seeking to
be married by them when one of the prospective marriage
partners is not Jewish. In recent years each rabbinical
association (Reform, Conservative, Orthodox and
Reconstructionist) has addressed the issue of what
its members may or may not do for interfaith couples
seeking marriage officiation. The more traditional
movements (Conservative and Orthodox) have banned
any accommodation to interfaith couples seeking
rabbinic help in getting married. The more liberal
movements (Reform and Reconstructionist) have refrained
from mandating any particular course of action among
their members. Instead, they have permitted each
rabbi to follow the dictates of his or her own conscience
in the matter.
Recognizing the deep concerns of the American rabbinate
over the issue of interfaith marriage, The Levitt
Foundation took great pains to provide the research
team with the necessary support to assure the survey's
independence and scientific quality. The
research team responsible for the survey was headed
by Dr. Egon Mayer, Director of Research of the Jewish
Outreach Institute, and was carried out by the Center
for Jewish Studies of the Graduate School of the
City University of New York, with the assistance
of social scientists involved in the renowned 1990
National Jewish Population Survey.
The Sample
The rabbis in the sample were drawn at random from
the most current official directories of their respective
rabbinic associations, including The Rabbinical
Council of America (Orthodox), The Rabbinical Assembly
(Conservative), The Central Conference of American
Rabbis (Reform) and The Reconstructionist Rabbinical
The study questionnaire, which was sent to a representative
sample of six hundred and fifty (650)
pulpit rabbis, was prepared with the cooperation
of a series of rabbinic focus groups. These groups
included men and women rabbis of all ages, representing
each branch of the Judaism. Their guidance played
an important part in the formulation of the survey
questions to be asked of hundreds of their colleagues.
Table 1 presents the number of rabbis from each
branch of Judaism who were sent questionnaires.
Table 1
Number of Questionnaires Sent to Rabbis of
Each Branch of Judaism
Branch of Judaism
By the second week of September, 1997, three
hundred and twenty five (325) completed
questionnaires were returned. Allowing for the
return of undeliverable surveys due to changes
of address, the survey resulted in a response
rate of over fifty percent (50%).
The high response rate to this mail survey is
but one indication of the great concern American
rabbis have about this issue.
Profile of Respondents
The figures below summarize the
salient demographic characteristics of our survey
respondents. There is good reason to believe that
our sample of respondents is a fair representation
of the broad cross-section of the American rabbinate.
Table 2
Branch of Judaism & Sex of Respondents
Sex of Respondent
NOTE: The remaining 16 rabbis
did not furnish this self-identifying information
The percentage distributions of rabbis by the
main branches of Judaism very nearly represent
the relative distribution of the American Jewish
population in those branches with an over representation
of the Reconstructionist (the smallest of the
branches of American Judaism) so as to allow us
to include a sufficient number of Reconstructionist
rabbis in our sample for analytic purposes. Orthodox
rabbis were also over-sampled, but relatively
fewer of them responded to the survey than rabbis
of any other group.
Based on the completed surveys, it might appear
that women make up about 14% of the rabbinate.
But the more appropriate percentage needs to be
calculated on each of the branches separately.
The Orthodox do not admit women into the rabbinate.
The Conservative movement only began to ordain
women in the mid 1980s and the Rabbinical Assembly
reports just 34 women out of 617 pulpit rabbis
in Conservative congregations. In a recent personal
communication Rabbi Elliot L. Stevens, Executive
Secretary of the Central Conference of American
Rabbis (Reform) reported that women make up roughly
14% of that organizations membership.
Thus, our sample has a larger proportion of women
than is characteristic of the rabbinate as a whole.
This fact might indicate a greater interest on
the part of women rabbis than of men in the issue
under consideration. Although we have no available
data concerning the overall age distribution of
the American rabbinate, we have no reason to believe
that the age distribution of our sample is anything
other than representative of the population of
Table 3
The age distribution of the sample
Age Categories
NOTE: The remaining 12
rabbis did not furnish this self-identifying
Completed survey questionnaires were received
from rabbis in thirty-two (32)
states. The table below summarizes their regional
Table 4
Regional distribution of the sample
NOTE: The remaining 4 rabbis did not
furnish this self-identifying information
Not surprisingly the majority of our sample
consists of rabbis from the Northeastern part
of the United States, where there continues
to be the highest concentration of the American
Jewish population.
Given the high value placed on marriage within
Judaism, it is also unsurprising to learn
that ninety-two percent (92%)
of respondents are currently married. Though,
fifteen percent (15%) of all
currently married rabbis were in second marriages.
About eight percent (8%) are
currently single. None of the respondents
to this survey reported being in an interfaith
marriage themselves. However, more than half
(59%) reported having cousins or other
distant relatives who are in interfaith marriages.
Nearly one quarter (23%) have siblings
who are or have been in an interfaith marriage
and about eighteen percent (18%)
report having nieces or nephews who are in
an interfaith marriage. Far fewer reported
having children or grandchildren in an interfaith
Key Findings
Rabbis & Weddings
Interfaith marriage is both a practical and
symbolic issue in the life of a rabbi. On
the symbolic level, such marriage represents
the degree to which Jews have become integrated
into the wider society around them. Besides
being the ultimate symbol of social integration,
interfaith marriage also represents an omen
of impending loss -- the loss of Jewish identity.
When asked what they feel toward interfaith
couples, the most common feeling reported
by our respondents was "concern about
the couple's future. In explaining that sense
of "concern," many indicated that
they worried about how couples will be able
to reconcile their differences, raise children,
and find a shared community to belong to.
Overall, a high majority of rabbis (74%)
are concerned about the couples future.
Though only a minority (25%) of the
rabbis accept interfaith couples, the majority
of rabbis (54%) express empathy toward
Quite apart from its symbolic significance,
interfaith marriage poses practical concerns
for most rabbis. The survey therefore focussed
first on how often rabbis deal with couples
getting married in general? That question
itself is more complex than one would think
because, as rabbis have informed us time and
again, "couples often shop around."
The "shopping around" occurs for
many reasons, stemming from considerations
of scheduling, geographic location and cost,
not to mention issues of family preferences
and differing levels of comfort between the
couple and any particular rabbi.
Rabbis report that on the average they officiate
at eleven (11) weddings a year altogether.
Most rabbis about eighty percent (80%)
do not officiate at a wedding where either
the bride or the groom is not of the Jewish
faith. Whether or not they officiate at an
interfaith wedding ceremony, however, ninety-six
percent (96%) say they will meet
with interfaith couples who are contemplating
marriage. Typically, those rabbis who do officiate
at interfaith wedding ceremonies report meeting
with many more interfaith couples (about ten
(10) per year) than those who do not
(about four (4) per year).
Interestingly, there is also a considerable
difference in the number of all weddings performed
by rabbis depending on whether they do or
do not officiate at the weddings of interfaith
couples. Among the rabbis who do officiate
at the weddings of interfaith couples the
median number of all weddings is twelve
(12), while among those who do not
officiate at such weddings the median of all
weddings performed is seven (7).
The difference in the typical number of weddings
performed per year by rabbis who do officiate at
the weddings of interfaith couples in comparison
with those of their colleagues who do not is all
the more interesting when looked at in the context
of congregational size. The average size of congregations
of rabbis who do officiate at intermarriages
is smaller than those of their colleagues
who do not officiate at such weddings (300
and 450 membership units respectively). To the extent
that congregational size is also related to professional
prestige, it would seem that those rabbis who officiate
at interfaith marriages are also less likely to
enjoy the level of professional prestige enjoyed
by those of their colleagues who do not so.
The above findings further suggest that there may
be a considerable specialization in the American
rabbinate, with rabbis who are willing to officiate
at the weddings of interfaith couples performing
proportionally more weddings each year than those
of their colleagues who do no such officiation.
The disparity is undoubtedly also a reflection of
the demographic fact that interfaith couples are
more numerous among the newlyweds today than same-faith
Jewish couples. Therefore, the relatively few rabbis
who are willing to officiate at the weddings of
interfaith couples are likely to have a greater
demand for their services than the far many more
rabbis who do not.
Officiating at wedding services generally also
involves an honorarium for rabbis. More than half
(56%) report that they receive a honorarium
for officiating at the wedding of a member of their
congregation. That figure rises to 94% when
the question concerns officiation at the wedding
of someone who is not a member of the rabbi's own
The median honorarium is $200 dollars for
a wedding of a synagogue member; for non-members
the reported median is $300 dollars. The
later figure actually masks an even greater discrepancy
when the wedding ceremony in question is that of
an interfaith couple. Although rabbis were not asked
directly whether they receive a higher honorarium
for the wedding ceremony of an interfaith couple
than for the wedding of a couple where both partners
are Jewish, the survey offers suggestive evidence
for that conclusion.
Table 5
Median amount of honorarium received
for performing a wedding ceremony
by whether the rabbi officiates
or not at intermarriages
Membership Status
Note: The calculation of the median amount of
dollars above refers only to rabbis who do receive
Since the survey did establish whether a rabbi
does or does not officiate at weddings that are
of interfaith couples, as well as the amount of
the typical honorarium received, it is quite easy
to find out what is the average amount of the
honorarium received by each category of rabbi.
The median honorarium received by rabbis who officiate
at interfaith wedding ceremonies where the couple
or their parents are members of the congregation
is $175 dollars. However, the median honorarium
rises to $350 dollars for rabbis who officiate
at interfaith couples when neither the bride,
nor the groom, nor either of their parents are
members of the rabbi's congregation. Rabbis who
do not officiate charge $200 of members
and $275 dollars of non-members. In short,
there appears to be an average of an extra $75
dollars paid by non-members for a wedding ceremony
(probably) involving a rabbi who officiates intermarriages.
Incidentally, these dollar amounts are very close
to what was found in a previous survey of interfaith
couples, conducted by the National Family Opinion
Corp. on behalf of the Jewish Outreach Institute
in 1995.
Differences Among the Movements
As is generally known and now substantiated by
the survey, there are sharp differences between
the rabbinates of the four major Jewish movements
with respect to the handling of interfaith candidates
for marriage. Among the Conservative and Reform
rabbinates, there is also considerable division
within each movement. Differences between as well
as within the movement are based primarily on
differing interpretations of the nature and primacy
of halachah, that is Jewish law. To some
degree the differences are also based on what
rabbis believe is in the best interest of the
Jewish community, their own congregation, and
of the couple and family whose personal concerns
they must deal with. The later concerns bear at
least some relationship to the number and proportion
of interfaith couples in the rabbi's own congregation.
As shown in the table below, there are significant
differences between the major movements with respect
to the prevalence of interfaith couples in the
Table 6
Congregational Size and Percentage of Interfaith
Couples Among Congregants by Branch of Judaism
Branch of Judaism
Rabbis are far more likely to encounter interfaith
couples in the congregational life of one branch
of Judaism than another. This fact might be the
cause or the consequence of the further fact that
rabbis also differ greatly in how they respond
to couples who are seeking their help in getting
married. In the sections that follow, the report
examines a variety of ways that rabbis interact
with interfaith couples who are seeking their
assistance or guidance with respect to marriage.
(1) Officiation:
As Table 6 suggests, Reform and Reconstructionist
rabbis are far more likely to encounter interfaith
couples as members of their congregation than are
Orthodox or Conservative rabbis. What the relationship
might be between the presence of interfaith couples
in the congregation and the willingness of the rabbi
to officiate at the wedding ceremony of an interfaith
couple is not at all clear from the data. However,
as illustrated in Graph 1, Orthodox and Conservative
rabbis do not officiate marriage ceremonies of interfaith
couples under any circumstance. The pattern is less
consistent among Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis.
In fact, the majority of Reconstructionist rabbis
perform intermarriages. Typically, those rabbis
who do officiate at the wedding ceremony of an interfaith
couple set a few conditions. Most require a commitment
on the part of the couple to raise the children
as Jewish and that there would be no non-Jewish
clergy involved. Indeed, we found only a handful
of rabbis who would officiate at marriage ceremonies
of interfaith couples without any pre-conditions.
There also appears to be considerable division
within the Reform rabbinate, among whom thirty
six percent (36%) say they officiate
at the wedding ceremonies of interfaith couples
generally requiring that the couple commit to raising
any children from the marriage as Jews. The majority
of their Reform colleagues will not officiate at
the wedding of an interfaith couple, but "will
refer such couples to other rabbis who do officiate."
The willingness to officiate at the wedding ceremony
of an interfaith couple is most widely accepted
among Reconstructionist rabbis, of whom eighty
five percent (85%) say they officiate
at such weddings.
(2) Referral:
Although none of the Orthodox or Conservative rabbis
in the survey officiate at the weddings of interfaith
couples, about thirty-two percent (32%)
of Conservative rabbis say they "will refer
interfaith couples to other rabbis who will officiate
at an intermarriage." Such "referrals"
are contrary to the policy of the Rabbinical Assembly,
the official organization of the Conservative rabbinate.
Typically, the Conservative rabbis who are more
likely to make such referrals than their colleagues
are: women rather than men; rabbis working in the
West rather than the East. Despite their refusal
to perform intermarriages, a small minority (11%)
of Orthodox and, again, nearly a third (32%)
of Conservative rabbis refer interfaith couples
to other rabbis who officiate intermarriages. A
majority (69%) of those Reform and all Reconstructionist
rabbis who do not officiate at interfaith marriages
themselves refer interfaith couples to other rabbis
who do, as shown in Graph 2.
The referral pattern among the Conservative rabbis
in particular might help explain, at least in part,
the reason that Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis
are so much more likely to have a significant number
of congregants who are intermarried. In essence,
the Conservative rabbinate may well be exporting
that segment of their potential congregational population
through referral.
(3) Attendance at the interfaith wedding:
Although the great majority of rabbis do not officiate
at a wedding ceremony of an interfaith couple, how
do they handle attendance as guests?
As noted earlier, nearly sixty percent of
rabbis have cousins or other distant relatives who
are intermarried; nearly one quarter have siblings
who are intermarried. We asked respondents whether
they attended those family weddings. About forty
percent (40%) of the rabbis who do not
officiate at the wedding of an interfaith couple
said they did attend such family weddings: 13%
of the Orthodox, 23% of the Conservative,
75% of the Reform and 95% of the Reconstructionist.
On the other hand, when asked whether they "participated
in some way" in the wedding of congregants
or others who are interfaith, only twenty-one
percent (21%) did: 5% of the Conservative,
49% of the Reform and 60% of the Reconstructionist.
These statistics suggest that a significant percentage
of rabbis who decline to participate in the wedding
ceremonies of interfaith couples in an "official
capacity," are nevertheless willing to participate
as "guests" of the family. Indeed, they
are apparently more willing to do so when it is
clear that they are present at the wedding as a
member of the family rather than as "rabbi."
(4) Attitude:
The survey points in a variety of ways to the conclusion
that interfaith couples trigger conflicting feelings
in most rabbis. Therefore, rabbis have complicated
attitudes both toward interfaith marriage itself
and also toward those of their colleagues who responded
to couples differently from themselves. More than
a third (37%) of our respondents reported
feeling ambivalent ("often" or "sometimes")
about their own practice regarding officiation at
the weddings of interfaith couples. Of the majority
who do not officiate at such weddings, thirty-three
percent (33%) reported feeling ambivalent
about their stance, while among the minority who
do officiate at such weddings, fifty-nine
percent (59%) reported feeling ambivalent
about their stance on the issue.
The ambivalence felt by those rabbis who do not
officiate at the wedding ceremony or an interfaith
couple probably helps to explain the reason that
so many rabbis who do not officiate themselves at
such weddings nevertheless refer interfaith couples
to other rabbis who do. Yet, referral itself is
not necessarily a mark of approval for rabbis who
officiate at the weddings of interfaith couples.
For example, about one-third of Conservative
rabbis refer to interfaith couples to rabbis who
officiate; yet, none say they approve of rabbis
who do so.
As expected, all Orthodox and a large majority
of Conservative rabbis disapprove of other rabbis
who officiate at the marriage ceremony of interfaith
couples. Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis, who
are more likely as a group to perform intermarriages
are also more accepting of their colleagues who
officiate at such weddings. It is interesting to
note the level of neutrality toward officiating
colleagues expressed by ten percent (10%)
of Conservative rabbis who do not themselves officiate
at such weddings. Less surprising but no less interesting
is the extent of approval of or neutrality toward
those of their colleagues who officiate at interfaith
marriages expressed by Reform rabbis who do not
officiate. (See Graph 3)
The phenomenon of disapproval is at least somewhat
surprising as it is found also among Conservative
and Reform rabbis who refer interfaith couples to
those of their professional colleagues who will
officiate at those couples' wedding. Although eighty
six percent (86%) of Conservative rabbis
say they "disapprove" or "strongly
disapprove" of rabbis who officiate at the
wedding of an interfaith couple, thirty-two percent
(32%) make referrals to such rabbis. The
apparent ideological inconsistency seems to be present
as well among Reform rabbis. Although forty five
percent (45%) indicate that they "disapprove"
or "strongly disapprove" of their colleagues
who officiate, in fact sixty eight percent
(68%) refer interfaith couples to those other
rabbis. One explanation is the message that about
twenty percent (20%) of rabbis keep on transmitting
both to parents of interfaith couples and to interfaith
couples themselves. The message is the need to maintain
open communication, not to break relationship within
the family and let interfaith couples feel welcome
in the community.
One of the major changes in the American rabbinate
of the past two decades is the increasing presence
of women in all branches but the Orthodox. This
is also the time period during which there has occurred
the greatest increase in interfaith marriages. Do
female rabbis differ from males in their encounters
with interfaith couples? Do they follow the footsteps
of their male counterparts? Do female practices
mirror their stream of Judaism, or do they follow
a distinct gender pattern?
At first glance, the data point to consensus by
gender regarding the decision not to perform marriage
ceremonies of interfaith couples. Focusing on non-Orthodox
rabbis (since there are no Orthodox female rabbis)
we find only minor and insignificant differences
between male and female rabbis on the decision not
to officiate at marriage ceremonies of interfaith
couples under any circumstance.
However, there are substantial attitudinal gaps
between male and female rabbis.
Despite their own practice, female rabbis are more
approving of those of their colleagues who officiate
at a Jewish marriage ceremony of interfaith couples
-- 30% compared with 17% of males. Female rabbis
are also more neutral and less judgmental than males
of other rabbis who perform intermarriages, as shown
in the table below.
Table 7
Attitude toward rabbis who officiate at intermarriages
by Sex of respondent (only non-Orthodox rabbis)
As might be expected based on the range of attitudes
shown in the table above, women rabbis who themselves
do not officiate at the wedding of an interfaith
couple are far more likely than their male counterparts
to refer interfaith couples to other rabbis who
do -- seventy-nine percent (79%)
of females compared with only forty-eight percent
(48%) of non-Orthodox male rabbis.
Regional Variations
There appear to be no significant regional differences
regarding the crucial issue of officiating at
marriage ceremonies of interfaith couples. Regardless
of their geography, about eighty percent
(80%) of rabbis do not officiate
intermarriages under any circumstance. However,
rabbis in the West tend to refer interfaith couples
to other rabbis who officiate intermarriages more
frequently than their counterparts in other regions
of the U.S. While sixty-three percent (63%)
of Western rabbis refer interfaith couples to
other rabbis, only 42-48% of rabbis in
other regions do so. The regional composition
of the various branches of Judaism, particularly
the fact that Orthodox congregations are concentrated
in the Northeast, need not concern us here, since
the referral question was asked only of those
rabbis who were not performing intermarriages.
Congregations in the West are far more likely
to reach-out and have special roles for non-Jewish
members. While sixty-two percent (62%)
of Western congregations provide such special
roles for non-Jewish members, only 49-51%
of congregations in the Northeast and in the South
do so. Conversely, in thirty-two percent
(32%) of the congregations in the Northeast
only the Jewish partner can have a role in religious
services, whereas in the Western and Southern
congregations only twenty-four percent
(24%) limit religious service participation
so strictly.
Outreach to interfaith couples
When first meeting with an interfaith couple
contemplating marriage, about seventy percent
(70%) of the rabbis in the present survey
say they recommend to the couple
participation in an outreach program for interfaith
The overwhelmingly majority (76%) of rabbis
are personally involved in offering outreach to
interfaith couples either in their congregation
or community. However, as illustrated by Graph
4, rabbis' perceptions regarding the benefits
of accommodating the needs of interfaith couples
differ sharply by their branch of Judaism. The
apparent differences are clearly the contrast
between the majority of Orthodox rabbis (68%)
who believe that their congregations have more
to lose by making greater efforts to accommodate
the needs of interfaith couples and the small
minority of rabbis from other streams who share
this opinion.
It is instructive to note that the majority of
Conservative rabbis (59%) believe their
congregation has more to gain than to lose by
accommodating the needs of interfaith couples.
Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis share similar
perceptions on this important matter in even higher
proportions (78% and 77% respectively).
What specific efforts congregations and rabbis
make to accommodate the needs of interfaith couples
varies considerably, from broad policy matters
such as burial rights in the synagogue cemetery
plot to ceremonial gestures at family life cycle
events. Again, with the exception of the Orthodox,
the great majority of Conservative, Reform and
Reconstructionist rabbis indicate that in their
congregations special efforts are made to include
non-Jewish family members in the celebration of
life cycle ceremonies. However, only a minority
less than twenty percent (20%) of
the Reform and the Reconstructionist and none
of the Conservative will allow a non-Jewish family
member to participate as fully in Jewish religious
services and in congregational life in general
as they would allow Jews.
Although none of the Orthodox synagogues represented
in this study by their rabbis carried wedding
announcements of an interfaith couple, twenty-six
percent (26%) of Conservative rabbis
reported that their synagogue bulletins do carry
such announcements; likewise ninety percent
(90%) of Reform and Reconstructionist
rabbis reported that their synagogue bulletins
carry such honorific announcements.
The inclination to accommodate and reach out
to the couple stands in sharp contrast to the
position associated with more traditional rabbinic
practice. For example, only a minority of Reform
(23%) and Reconstructionist (19%)
rabbis said they would discourage an interfaith
couple from getting married. Nearly all Orthodox
rabbis said they would offer such discouragement
to a young interfaith couple. However, among the
Conservative opinion was nearly evenly split,
with only 51% reporting that they would
attempt to discourage an interfaith marriage.
The apparent reluctance of a clear majority of
rabbinic to offer such discouragement stems from
a variety of sources, from fear of seeming narrow-minded
to a realization that they would not be heeded
in any event. Along similar lines, fewer than
twenty percent (20%) of Orthodox
rabbis said they would urge Jewish parents to
try to prevent the marriage and would discourage
them from attending the wedding of the couple.
The percentage of non-Orthodox rabbis who said
they would urge Jewish parents to try to prevent
an interfaith marriage was under 5%.
With the exception of the Orthodox rabbinate,
the great majority of American pulpit rabbis are
involved in offering "outreach services"
one kind or another to interfaith couples either
through their own synagogues or through participation
in joint programs with other synagogues or other
Jewish communal institutions.
Ambivalence & Attitude Change
We have seen earlier that more than a third to
half the rabbis surveyed feel some ambivalence
about their practice regarding officiation at
the wedding of interfaith couples -- whatever
their practice is. As the data from this study
suggest, there is a considerable soul-searching
going on among the majority of the American rabbinate
on the thorny issues of interfaith marriage. Nearly
half of the rabbis responding to the present survey
indicate that they have had a change of attitude
toward interfaith marriage sometime during their
career; for most the change has occurred in the
past ten years. Nearly half of our respondents
indicated that their attitudes toward intermarriage
were influenced by the 1990 National Jewish Population
Survey (NJPS): ten percent (10%)
felt they were strongly influenced by that study,
twenty-eight percent (28%) felt
somewhat strongly influenced and ten percent
(10%) were uncertain about how or whether
they were influenced by that study. Just a little
over half (52%) felt that their attitudes
toward intermarriage were not at all influenced
by the 1990 NJPS.
The change the great majority report is in the
direction of becoming more accepting of interfaith
couples. In all, forty three percent (43%)
of rabbis report that they have become more accepting
of interfaith couples, while only three percent
(3%) indicate they have become less accepting
of such couples. A slight majority report no change
in attitude. Among the rabbis who do report a
change in attitude (46% of our respondents),
for ninety three percent (93%) the
change reported is of having "become more
accepting of the intermarried." How this
greater acceptance is expressed in practice varies
greatly based on a wide variety of factors. While
most of Orthodox rabbis have not changed their
attitude over time, considerable proportions of
Conservative and Reform rabbis and the majority
of Reconstructionists became more accepting toward
intermarriage. Only a minority of rabbis of all
branches of Judaism became less accepting toward
intermarriage over time. (See Graph 5)
Perhaps the most telling indication how rabbis
feel about intermarriage is the manner in which
they address the subject from the pulpit. Our
respondents were asked six questions about how
they have addressed the issue of intermarriage
from their pulpit in the past two (2)
years. The table below summarizes their replies
to these questions. The percentage figures in
the cells represent the affirmative responses
to each question.
Table 8
Percentage of Rabbis Addressing Issues of Intermarriage
in Sermons
by Branch of Judaism
Issues Addressed
As this table shows, very few rabbis in any
branch of Judaism feel that the subject of intermarriage
is not a suitable sermon topic. In fact, the
majority have addressed the subject at least
once in the past two years. Except for Orthodox
rabbis, the majority of whom have apparently
spoken out "against intermarriage,"
rabbis of the other branches of Judaism have
focused more on speaking "in favor of Jewish
marriage" and "in favor of outreach
programs." Of equal significance, while
a very large percentage of Orthodox rabbis have
spoken out against intermarriage, only a relatively
small percentage have spoken against programs
of outreach. Given the historic stance of the
mainstream of Judaism toward interfaith marriage,
these data reflect an enormous shift in the
cultural and religious perspectives of American
rabbis on this critical issue.
The attitudinal shifts reflected in the present
survey clearly echo some of the major findings
of earlier surveys by JOI concerning the attitudes
of Jewish leadership and the laity regarding
intermarriage, carried out in 1991 and 1992.
Those surveys showed a remarkably high degree
of consensus among all the branches of Judaism
in support of increasing efforts to reach out
to the intermarried population. Over 80%
of Orthodox Jews and over 90% of all
other Jews were in favor of such efforts. JOI's
1996 survey of Jewish communal professionals
likewise found overwhelming support for outreach
services geared to the needs of intermarried
families. This present survey of the American
rabbinate completes that general picture of
support for Jewish outreach.
In 1995 JOI conducted the first national survey
of intermarried regarding their awareness of
and attitude towards programs of Jewish outreach.
That survey showed that only a small percentage
of interfaith couples were aware of programs
of Jewish outreach.
Given the relatively small percentage of intermarried
couples in contemporary synagogues, there is
a very high probability that the great majority
of intermarried couples throughout the U.S.
are not aware of the tremendous changes going
on in the rabbinate with regard to the issues
that are of the greatest concern to such couples.
It would likely be of benefit to both the various
branches of the rabbinate and to the wider Jewish
community, and most especially to the multitude
of interfaith couples who are struggling with
their wedding concerns, if the practices, policies
and general thinking of the rabbinate were more
widely shared through public discourse.


text:
Comic Gabriel Iglesias coming to Maverik Center Oct. 19; tickets on sale Friday
Published June 19, 2013 1:50 pm
This is an archived article that was published on sltrib.com in 2013, and information in the article may be outdated. It is provided only for personal research purposes and may not be reprinted.
Gabriel Iglesias is a big comic.
Not in terms of being fat because, as he said in the title of his first DVD, "I'm Not Fat... I'm Fluffy" (which is why his website and Twitter handle identify him as "Fluffy Guy").
No, Iglesias is big because he can play arenas including the Maverik Center in West Valley City, which is where Iglesias will perform Oct. 19.
Tickets for the Utah stop of Iglesias' "Stand-Up Revolution" tour go on sale Friday, starting at 10 a.m., at TicketMaster.


text:
The Blog
Jeb Bush on the Need for Hispanic Outreach
1:32 PM, Jan 11, 2011 • By JAY COST
Over the weekend, Jeb Bush wrote a very insightful editorial for the Miami Herald:
There are three crucial points here.
First, Republicans need to do better with Hispanic voters. It's just that simple. For now, pulling in less than 40 percent of the Hispanic vote is sufficient to win elections, but as more and more Hispanics enter the electorate, that number will not be enough. Remember, there is no reasonable path for the GOP to the presidency that doesn't go through Florida and Texas, both of which have significant Hispanic populations.
Second, and just as important, Republicans can do better with Hispanic voters. As I have argued before, liberals wrongly lump Hispanics into a "non-white" voting group with African-Americans when in fact the two demographics exhibit different voting patterns. African-Americans vote as a very tight bloc, supporting Democrats regardless of income level, college education, ideology, etc. This is not the case for Hispanics, which means that what Bush calls appealing to the "center right" can work. One of the unfortunate side effects, I fear, of the left's talk about demography pushing the Democrats to a never-ending majority is that it has given conservatives the false impression that they can't compete for the Hispanic vote. It's just not true, so conservatives need to roll up their sleeves and get to work.
Third, doing better doesn't require mimickry of the left's brand of identity politics. Instead, conservatives need to focus on communicating their pro-growth, pro-family message more effectively. Differences in tone, style, and spirit can make a huge difference in this endeavor. The big player in all this will be the 2012 Republican nominee, who will stand a very good chance of leading the GOP through the new decade. Whoever that person is, he will absolutely have to understand the importance of the Hispanic bloc, and be willing to work hard to bring in more voters from it. On this front, I'd note with interest that the Hispanic Leadership Network is hosting its inaugural conference next week to discuss how Republicans can do better with Hispanics. Among the attendees will be likely Republican presidential candidate Tim Pawlenty.
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Come Experience the Joy of Worship and Praise!
Five Points Baptist Church is located in beautiful Fernandina Beach, Florida
at 736 Bonnieview Road.
We are a more traditional Southern Baptist Church with a blended music worship service.
This is a place of worship and praise – experiencing God's love.
Ministries are available for all ages.


text:
Sustainability and Land Use
- Civil Clinics
- Criminal Clinics
- Conservation Clinic
- For Students
- Faculty
- About Clinics
The Conservation Clinic assists local governments and citizen groups with the development of a variety of tools and techniques to advance principles of sustainability and smart growth in land use in Florida. One suite of these tools falls within the rubric of "low impact development." Among the projects that have contributed to this are a green building program and implementing ordinance for the City of Gainesville, Florida that has served as a model for similar efforts elsewhere in Florida. The Clinic has also developed a comprehensive model native plant landscape ordinance and a set of model deed restrictions that would require Florida Friendly landscaping in new developments. This work has led to a formal relationship with the University of Florida Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Cooperative Extension Service to provide statewide legal extension services in Florida in the areas of sustainability and smart growth. Part of this new initiative involves working with the IFAS Program for Resource Efficient Communities to address legal tools to disaggregate and decentralize stormwater systems in master-planned residential developments to achieve water quality enhancements.
- Planning For Local Agriculture In New Florida Communities: Obstacles And Opportunities
- Model Conservation Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions
- Climate Change, Peak Oil, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions: Mitigating the Convergence Via Energy Efficiency in the Built Environment
- Weathering the Storm(water): Implementing Low-Impact Development Stormwater Management for New Residential Development in Florida
- Green Building: Principles and Practices
- Model Conditions, Covenants and Restrictions for Florida Yards & Neighborhoods
- Native Plant Model Landscape Ordinance Handbook


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Paul Richard Long
Position: Shooting Guard ▪ Shoots: Right
Height: 6-2 ▪ Weight: 180 lbs.
Born: February 8, 1944 in Louisville, Kentucky
High School: Waggener in Louisville, Kentucky
College: Wake Forest University
Draft: Detroit Pistons, 5th round (2nd pick, 45th overall), 1967 NBA Draft
NBA Debut: October 17, 1967 ▪ ABA Debut: December 6, 1968
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Hot Flashes
Hot Flashes Overview
A hot flash is a feeling of warmth spreading throughout the body that is often most pronounced in the head and neck areas. Hot flashes are typically brief (lasting from about 30 seconds to a few minutes) and are sometimes associated with redness of the skin (flushing) and/or perspiration. Hot flashes are a common symptom of the menopausal transition in women, but not all women approaching menopause will have hot flashes. About majority of women in the menopausal transition experience hot flashes. Hot flashes can also occur as a result of certain uncommon medical conditions.
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text:
The crowds packed the CenturyLink Center in Bossier City, La., for the final weigh-in of the 2012 Bassmaster Classic.
The crowds packed the CenturyLink Center in Bossier City, La., for the final weigh-in of the 2012 Bassmaster Classic.
Kevin Wirth drops his fish in the bag after he shows the crowd.
Kevin Wirth brings the crowd to a roar when he shows his fish again.
Kevin VanDam knows how to get the crowd to their feet.
KVD looks into the camera for The Bassmasters TV show.
Brent Chapman shows off his best two fish of the day.
Bill Lowen holds up his catch for the crowd.
David Walker was all smiles as he held out his bass.
Keith Poche made a huge jump on the final day with this monster stringer.
One lucky fan got to attempt a cast for $100,000 from Berkley.
Byron Velvick joined Mark Zona and Tommy Sanders on Hooked Up! during the weigh-in.
The hot seat awaits the leader of the event prior to the entrance of the Super Six.
Keith Poche celebrates keeping the hot seat after Edwin Evers failed to knock him out.
Bobby Lane again was unable to unseat Poche.
Poche came out of his seat in excitement as Alton Jones fell short of the lead by ounces.
Keith Poche breathes a sigh of relief after hanging on to the hot seat.
Greg Vinson pumps his fist in celebration as he holds up his biggest bass, taking the lead.
Vinson gives Chris Lane a handshake as Lane mounts the stage to weigh his catch.
Chris Lane jumps for joy upon hearing the final weight announced.
Chris Lane holds up his 6-pound kicker after being announced the Classic champion.
Chris Lane shows his biggest bass to the crowd.
Last year's Classic champion Kevin VanDam comes to the stage to pass on the trophy to Lane, who managed to avoid the hot seat altogether on Day Three.
VanDam prepares to hand the trophy off to a new champion.
Chris Lane bows his head to give thanks for a Classic victory.
Chris Lane gives a shout of triumph as he holds the trophy high for the arena crowds.
Confetti falls as Chris Lane shows off his trophy.
Chris Lane hugs his wife Holly as his family congratulates him on stage.
Dave Mercer walks across the confetti-strewn stage to bring the trophy to Lane.
Lane celebrates with his family and the crowd as he takes his victory lap.


text:
As we begin the dog days of summer it's often extreme heat dampening dog park fun. But for one day something else makes these animals want to run.
"It'd be like having a gun shot go off right next to your head," Sioux Falls Area Humane Society Officer Mike Larson said.
It's all from the boom of fireworks and even the newest animal 'aficionado' knows the noise can put your pooch into a tail spin.
"We heard some last night when we were outside, and he was like, what's that? Okay, I'm ready to go in, ready for the door," said Margie Robinson as she clutched the leash of her Catahoula, Dakota.
The Catahoula breed is part Mastiff, and part Greyhound. Dakota is also all yellow-belly.
"He's kind of shy," Robinson said. "For a big guy he's kind of a big chicken."
But Dakota is not alone. Most pets tend to freak out from fireworks. Humane society officials say it's a time of year when their sensitive hearing can drive them wild.
"Some will run for miles. We'll find them even on a county line over or in another town over. You never know what an animal's going do," Larson said. "There have been reports of jumping through windows."
That's why Larson says July fourth is to the Humane Society what Thanksgiving is for retailers. Calm before a really big storm as people pack up the fireworks and realize Fido is nowhere to be found.
"They're going to be out of their element with the loud noises as well as with new people, new faces, or even new places if you're going to take them with you," Larson said.
He says keep an eye on pets, and if you leave them home, don't leave them outside. And always remember to call the professionals to help find your lost pet, but on their busiest day of the year be prepared for a busy signal.
Cats can also be scared by fireworks. Another tip from the humane society is to remain calm so your pet won't think something is up. You can also put them in the lowest level of your homes, and even turn on music or other white noise to drown the outside noise.


text:
Component Reviews
TBI Magellan MGD-200 Subwoofer Amplifier SRP: $700
Published on May 9, 2010
TBI Magellan MGD-200 Subwoofer Amplifier
TBI Sound
878 Kurtz Rd. Suite 101
Marietta, GA 30066
The subwoofer is the component that usually requires the greatest control of any component in a system. Bass needs lots of air motion and control of that air motion. A 32-cycle note is about 35 feet long. This means that the woofer needs to create a 9 ft. rising-intensity quarter wave, then 9 ft. of lowering-intensity quarter wave, then 9 feet of rising-negative pressure quarter wave, then nine ft. of declining-negative pressure quarter wave. And this is done 32 times per second. This takes a great deal of control to do it right. Many subwoofers use large woofers, with long throws to move large amounts of air. The more mass and traveling distance of these drivers causes more inertia, and this causes problems with controlling the movement of the driver. Some high end subs have built in multi-thousand-watt amps to control the cone. Other sub manufactures use several smaller drivers to move the air. Smaller drivers are faster and easier to control, but create other problems for an amplifier. Most subwoofers run at fairly high distortion rates. The unique design of the TBI Magellan subwoofers greatly reduces the need for inertia control and therefore amplifier control. It also makes the TBIs more tonal and controlled sounding.
One thing most subwoofer manufactures do is build the amplifier into the subwoofer box. They do this because the subwoofer buyer will not have to fork out the money for an extra amp and crossover. I feel that putting the amp in the subwoofer is a very bad idea. A conscientious audiophile spends lots of money trying to eliminate vibration from his electronics. He may use isolation feet and platforms, non-resonant shelving, damping devices and mass loading to try to have vibrations not adversely affect the sound. The thought of putting electronics in the most highly resonant area of your system seems counterproductive.
The amplifier is a dual-mono design. It uses a toroidal transformer with a split supply to each channel. It has an adjustable 12 db/octave crossover, with a range of 30 to 200 Hz. It puts out 150W RMS @8 ohms and 200W RMS @4 ohms. The technology of the amp is Class D half- bridge PWM, using this "cutting edge class D technology to accomplish its power transfer. The extremely low impedance of the amplifier over the low frequency range provides near perfect signal transfer to a non-resonate load. Stable and low impedance assures linearity of the signal transfer to the load through proper cabling." It has controls for volume, phase, crossover point, subsonic filter and auto standby. It can be used with a normal on/off or in an auto-standby mode. This mode automatically turns on amp if it detects a signal and turns amp off if signal is not detected for a period of time. It has input for both line level RCA and speaker level 5-way binding posts. The amp operates with either 120v or 240v with proper adaptor. The build quality of the amp seems very high for its price range. It looks good enough to go in the equipment rack with high-end equipment.
Setup was quite easy. I used a split output from my AV preamp subwoofer output to each of the RCA inputs. The amp is very versatile for its hookup to a preamp or another amp. You can also send front main RCA outs from a preamp to the amp, use its crossover and send RCA outs to your main amp. You can use second main outs from your preamp and send it the amp. If you have a second main out, and no sub out, this is what I would suggest using. Either way, you get stereo bass. Almost all sub outs are in mono. You can also use speaker outs from your main amp to the TBI, and use TBIs crossover to extract the bass. You then use the speaker out to go to your main speakers. The TBI amp will give a 6dB roll off below 70 Hz to your main speakers. This aids in taking low bass out off your main speakers, which may not comfortable with trying to reproduce real low frequencies.
One problem with bass is that most subwoofer outs of players and preamps sum the low bass to mono. Many recordings also have the low bass summed to mono. Bass distortion is one of the main reasons for muddiness in the sound of a system. Most speakers are not very happy with reproducing frequencies below 60 cycles for large speakers, or 70-80 cycles for small speakers. Many AV and multichannel systems may have three places where low-frequency crossovers are used. The player, the preamp and the subwoofer all have crossover points. Crossover points are not brick-wall drop offs, they change their output frequencies slowly according to the slope of the crossover. Care must be taken to balance out the crossover points of various components. Proper use of subwoofers can add clarity to all frequencies of a system. The subwoofer outs of the amp are used to connect to the subwoofers with speaker cable.
I do not have any other non-amplified subwoofers to use, so all my listening was done with the Magellan VIII SU subwoofers. The original TBI amp was serviceable and somewhat cheaply built. If you had two subs they sounded better using two separate amps even though one would drive both subs. One of the new stereo amps sounds better than using two of the older amps. The original TBI amps sounded very good, but putting in the MGD-200 definitely showed the short comings of the old amps. The sound with the new amp was more controlled and powerful. Even in feeling the air output at the port, the air movement seems, more controlled and stronger. On a 25 cycle test tone with the new amp caused something on the equipment rack behind it to vibrate, that the old amps did not do. With the new amp in the bass was more defined and controlled. The bass was also more tonal. All frequency ranges of my system were improved by the reduction of slight muddiness in the bass. The systems sense of presence, clarity and dynamics were improved.
The TBI subwoofers are the only subwoofers I would use in a music system. They may not satisfy the listener who wants the room to shake and bass to sound like a rock concert bass. But if you like bass that sounds natural and blends with about any speaker system, the TBI might be for you. This amp is a definite upgrade for previous TBI sub owners. It is also a consideration for other passive subwoofer owners or builders.
Associated equipment
Heavily-modified Outlaw 950 multichannel preamp
Crown Macro Reference Amp
Oppo BD-83 SE disc player
Samsung BD-UP 5000 Blu-ray/HD DVD player
Modified Marantz DV 9500 SACD player
Eminent Technology LFT-8
AV-123 super tweeters (3)
Sumo, Parasound, and Adcom stereo surround amps
Optimus (Linaeum tweetered) and Chapman monitors for surround and center channel speakers
Miscellaneous Equipment: Tube trap; Shakti Onlines, Stones and Sonic Halographs; Brightstar isolation basses; Jena Labs and Cardes cables, isolation feet, lead bricks and sheets: and custom speaker cable risers.
— Clay Swartz
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text:
Pokemon X & Y: New Mewtwo Form Confirmed
Last week the Japanese Pokemon Smash TV show revealed what looked like to be a new Mewtwo form. No one knew for sure exactly what is was and there was many theories.
This week the latest issue of CoroCoro magazine has confirmed that the Pokemon is definitely a new form of Mewtwo. The magazine came with a poster for the latest Pokemon movie which is set to star this new Mewtwo form.
So were you right? What do you think of Mewtwo's new form?


text:
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Good morning, Rutherford County.
It will be not as warm with more clouds than sun this morning as well as this afternoon. Partly cloudy this evening. Partly cloudy overnight.
It's 56 degrees as of 6 a.m. It will be 62 degrees by 9 a.m., 67 degrees by noon, today's high of 71 degrees by 3 p.m., 69 degrees by 6 p.m., and 63 degrees by 9 p.m.Traffic ...


text:
- Detail Images
The Fox Proform Shorts keep your undercarriage carriage cool with moisture-wicking, breathable fabric and an antimicrobial Pro-form chamois for extra-smooth sailing.
Share your thoughts
Not A Liner Short!
- Familiarity:I returned this product before using it
This is not a liner short, this is a pair of "Real" shorts. The lycra is heavier than 2 of my real pairs of shorts. The pad is also very thick.
I purchased 2 pair of liners from other companies. I expect liners to be lighter with thinner pads. Liners should be designed for shorter rides and don't need heavy materials or pads.
If you want a light "Liner" short don't buy these.
I dont know the small size, I am size 30...
I dont know the small size, I am size 30 of waist.
Greg, Gearhead
Hi Ruben,
If your waist is a 30 then you would be in a small 28-30in (71-76cm).


text:
A change in focus can have unpredictable effects on employee morale
From the time Robert Abel & Co. opened shop in 1922, it has sold hoists and cranes, forklifts, and conveyor belts. So when it sold its first computer-controlled automated warehousing system in 1987, it bought the software it needed from an independent developer. After all, what did this $12-million Woburn, Mass., company know about software?
But soon after the system was installed, a 22-year-old forklift repairman pulled aside a company vice-president to show him a warehousing software program he had developed in his spare time. By 1988 the forklift repairman had become a full-time software designer, and computer-controlled warehousing systems that automatically grab parts out of inventory were Abel's fastest-growing product line. Writing its own software gave the company an edge over the competition, but helping Abel's 50 employees adjust to a new, higher-tech corporate culture has been a major challenge for chief executive officer Rocco Nenarella.
To start with, there was the issue of the work habits of the software designer and a second programmer hired to assist him. They insisted on strange working hours. "People would be getting in on Monday morning just in time to see those two leaving after working 48 straight hours," says Nenarella. Even worse, the erratic schedule threatened to anger customers who called during the day with software problems, only to find no software expert available to help them.
Moreover, the two programmers resisted pinning their development efforts down to the rigid schedules by which the company had always worked. "Software isn't as predictable as conveyor belts," they claimed. The programmers also liked to experiment with new software design ideas, often freely incorporating them into projects that had already been precisely specified.
Under normal circumstances such idiosyncrasies might have been enough motivation to provide an employee with a one-way forklift ride out the front door. But because the computerized warehousing systems were so important to the company, Nenarella was willing to compromise. The programmers could keep unusual hours during crunch projects but had to have a cellular phone or beeper with them when they were out during the day. They didn't have to fill out detailed timetables for every project, but they did have to meet at least once a week with other managers to discuss their progress. Experimentation was OK, too, as long as they warned Nenarella about what they were doing and were willing to accept an occasional rebuff. The programmers attend more management meetings and help sales by meeting with customers. As an incentive, Nenarella also approved a plan that would give the two a share of software-related profits.
Nenarella managed to control the programmers' work habits, but Abel's move into high tech was also creating waves among its aggressive eight-person sales force. For one thing, Nenarella and sales and marketing vice-president John Croce had decided that selling the new systems required specialized expertise. Since only one salesperson knew the software side of the business cold, they made him a systems specialist and insisted he be called into all software-related deals. And Nenarella, concerned about burdening the fledgling software department with overly ambitious commitments, refused to approve contracts involving difficult delivery dates -- even if it meant walking away from business.
The sales force chafed under the new rules. Calling in the systems specialist meant getting only half of the usual commission, no matter how hard they worked on the sale. And refusing to meet a customer's deadline could mean losing a commission altogether.
Croce took the complaints seriously. He developed a new commission structure based on how instrumental the salesperson was in closing the sale, among other key points. (See "Learning to Love High Tech," below.) At the same time, Croce raised the maximum commission. As a result, salespeople rarely expect to get the full commission, but the partial commission averages out to be at least as generous as under the old practice.
"We all usually agree on who contributes how much to each sale," says Croce. "It also provides an incentive to the sales force to learn more about the systems business, so they can play a bigger role in every sale."
Asking customers to wait an extra two or three months beyond the normal three- to five-month lead time hasn't cost the company any business. "When we refuse to commit to a tight deadline," says Croce, "the salespeople do what any good salesperson would do: they sell the prospect on why we're worth doing business with anyway." In addition, Nenarella and Croce make an effort to bring salespeople in on decisions to reject tight deadlines.
As a result of the new policies, says Nenarella, morale has climbed. So have software-related revenues: Abel recently closed a $1.4-million automated-systems deal with a major manufacturer and made its first software-only sale to another warehousing-system vendor for $50,000. Employees' improved attitudes have been crucial to these successes, maintains Nenarella. "The way our people come off to customers makes all the difference," he says.
Abel's culture-tweaking efforts have succeeded, he says, because they were built around asking people to understand and buy into the company's long-range goals. "You can't implement these sorts of policies by edict," he explains. "Everyone has to believe in them and realize that the changes we want to make will benefit every single person in the company."* * *
David Freedman is a business writer based in Brookline, Mass.
How to help a sales force adjust to a more complex product line
If a sales force is used to a low-tech sell, entering a high-tech market can be tricky. Here's how Abel & Co. coped.
* Make one rep the expert. Instead of replacing its sales force because of a lack of software expertise, the company took its most computer-savvy rep and made him a specialist, bringing him into any software-related sale. The regular reps still do the groundwork, but the specialist closes the high-tech deals.
* Adjust commissions. To make sure reps didn't feel robbed of compensation under the dual-rep approach, Abel developed a system that bases a commission on several measures, including whether the salesperson found the customer; how much software development work is involved; and how instrumental the salesperson was in closing the deal.
* Offer training. Abel won't force reps to learn about the software side of the business. But the company offers voluntary after-hours training; the commission structure ensures a good turnout.
* Involve reps in the development process. So that they don't see the software side of the business as a black box, Abel reps meet every few weeks with the company's two programmers to swap ideas. In addition, the software developers occasionally accompany them on sales calls to give prospects a firsthand look at Abel's technical muscle.
* Bring salespeople into key decisions. Because they're often treated as part of the management team, Abel reps don't feel victimized by difficult decisions -- such as when the company balks at a sale that requires too much software development in too little time. Besides, good reps know the customers best and can often represent their interests.