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From Object Oriented to Patterns to True Object Oriented
In many ways, this book is a retelling of my personal experience learning design patterns. Prior to studying design patterns, I considered myself to be reasonably expert in object-oriented analysis and design. My track record had included several fairly impressive designs and implementations in many industries. I knew C++ and was beginning to learn Java. The objects in my code were well-formed and tightly encapsulated. I could design excellent data abstractions for inheritance hierarchies. I thought I knew object-orientation.
Now, looking back, I see that I really did not understand the full capabilities of object-oriented design, even though I was doing things the way the experts said should be done. It wasn't until I began to learn design patterns that my object-oriented abilities expanded and deepened. Knowing design patterns has made me a better designer, even when I don't use design patterns directly.
I began studying design patterns in 1996. I was a C++ / object-oriented mentor at a large aerospace company in the northwest. Several people asked me to lead a design pattern study group. That's where I met my co-author, Jim Trott. In the study group, several interesting things happened. First, I grew fascinated with design patterns. I loved being able to compare my designs with the designs of others who had more experience than I had. I discovered that I was not taking full advantage of designing to interfaces and that I didn't always concern myself with seeing if I could have an object use another object without knowing the used object's type. I realized that beginners to object-oriented design, those who would normally be deemed as learning design patterns too early, were benefiting as much from the study group as the experts were. The patterns presented examples of excellent object-oriented designs and illustrated basic object-oriented principles, which helped them to mature my designs more quickly. By the end of the study club, I was convinced that design patterns were the greatest thing to happen to software design since the invention of object-oriented design.
However, when I looked at my work at the time, I saw that I was not incorporating any design patterns into my code.
I just figured I didn't know enough design patterns yet and needed to learn more. At the time, I only knew about 6 of them. Then I had what could be called an epiphany. I was working on a project as a mentor in object-oriented design. I was asked to create a high-level design for the project. The leader of the project was extremely sharp, but at the time was fairly new to object-oriented design.
The problem itself wasn't that difficult, but it required a great deal of attention to make sure the code was going to be easy to maintain. Literally, after about 2 minutes of looking at the problem, I had developed a design based on my normal approach of data-abstraction. Unfortunately, it was very clear this was not going to be a good design. Data-abstraction alone had failed me. I had to find something better.
Two hours later, after applying every design technique that I knew, I was no better off. My design was essentially the same. What was most frustrating was that I knew there was a better design. I just couldn't see it. Ironically, I also knew of four design patterns that "lived" in my problem but I couldn't see how to use them. Here I was--a supposed expert in object-orientation - baffled by a simple problem!
Feeling very frustrated, I took a break and started walking down the hall to clear my head, telling myself I would not think of the problem for at least 10 minutes. Well, 30 seconds later, I was thinking about it again! But I had gotten an insight that changed my view of design patterns: rather than using patterns as individual items, I was supposed to use the design patterns together.
Patterns are supposed to be sewn together to solve a problem.
I had heard this before, but hadn't really understood it. Because patterns in software have been introduced as design patterns, I had always labored under the assumption that they had mostly to do with design. My thoughts were that in the design world, the patterns came as pretty much well-formed relationships between classes. Then, I read Christopher Alexander's amazing book, The Timeless Way of Building. I learned that patterns existed at all levels - analysis, design and implementation. Alexander discusses using patterns to help in the understanding of the problem domain (even in describing it), not in creating the design after the problem domain is understood.
My mistake had been in trying to create the classes in my problem domain and then stitch them together to make a final system, a process which Alexander calls a particularly bad idea. I had never asked if I had the right classes because they just seemed so right, so obvious: they were the classes that I immediately came to mind as I started my analysis, the "nouns" in the description of the system that we had been taught to look for. But I had struggled trying to piece them together.
When I stepped back and used design patterns and Alexander's approach to guide me in the creation of my classes, a far superior solution unfolded in only a matter of minutes. It was a good design and we put it into production. I was excited: excited to have designed a good solution and excited about the power of design patterns. I was convinced and started incorporating them into my development work and in my teaching.
I began to discover that programmers who were new to object-oriented design could learn design patterns and in doing so, develop a basic set of object-oriented design skills. It was true for me and it was true for the students that I was teaching.
Imagine my surprise! The design pattern books I had been reading and the design pattern experts I had been talking to were saying that you really needed to have a good grounding in object-oriented design before embarking on a study of design patterns. Nevertheless, I saw, with my own eyes, that students who learned object-oriented design concurrently with design patterns learned object-oriented faster than those just studying object-oriented design. They even seemed to learn design patterns at almost the same rate as experience object-oriented practitioners.
I began to use design patterns as a basis for my teaching. I began to call my classes "Pattern Oriented Design: Design Patterns from Analysis to Implementation."
I wanted my students to understand these patterns and began to discover that using an exploratory approach was the best way to foster this understanding. For instance, I found that it was better to present the Bridge pattern by presenting a problem and then have my students try to design a solution to the problem using a few guiding principles and strategies that I had found were present in most of the patterns. In their exploration, the students discovered the solution--called the Bridge pattern--and remembered it.
A slight digression. The guiding principles and strategies seem very clear to me now. Certainly, they are stated in the "Gang of Four's" design patterns book. But I it took me a long time to understand them because of limitations in my own understanding of the object-oriented paradigm.. It was only after integrating in my own mind the work of the Gang of Four with Alexander's work, Jim Coplien's work on commonality and variability analysis and Martin Fowler's work in methodologies and analysis patterns that these principles became clear enough to me to that I was able talk about them to others. It helped that I was making my livelihood explaining things to others so I couldn't make assumptions as easily as I could when I was just doing things for myself.
In any event, I found that these guiding principles and strategies could be used to "derive" several of the design patterns. By "derive a design pattern," I mean that if I looked at a problem that I knew could be solved by a design pattern, I could use the guiding principles and strategies to come up with the solution that is expressed in the pattern. I made it clear to my students that we weren't really coming up with design patterns this way. Instead, I was just illustrating one possible thought process that the people who came up with the original solutions, those that were eventually classified as design patterns, may have used.
My abilities to explain these few, but powerful, principles and strategies improved. As they did, I found that they became more useful to explain an increasing number of the Gang of Four patterns. In fact, I use these principles and strategies to explain 12 of the 14 patterns I discuss in my design patterns course.
I found that I was using these principles in my own designs both with and without patterns. This didn't surprise me. If using these strategies resulted in a design equivalent to a design pattern when I knew the pattern was present, that meant they were giving me a way to derive excellent designs (since patterns are excellent designs by definition). Why would I get any poorer designs from these techniques just because I didn't know the name of the pattern that may or may not be present anyway?
These insights helped hone my training process (and now my writing process). I had already been teaching my courses on several levels. I was teaching the fundamentals of object-oriented analysis and design. I did that by teaching design patterns and using them to illustrate good examples of object-oriented analysis and design. In addition, by using the patterns to teach the concepts of object-orientation, my students were also better able to understand the principles of object-orientation. And by teaching the guiding principles and strategies, I was able to equip them to understand and discover patterns for themselves. This high view of concepts and low view of principles and strategies proved extremely effective.
I relate this story because this book follows much the same pattern as my course (pun intended). In fact, from Chapter 3 on, this book is very much a first day of my two-day course: Pattern Oriented Design: Design Patterns From Analysis to Implementation.
As you read this book, you will learn the patterns. But even more importantly, you will learn why they work and how they can work together and the principles and strategies upon which they rely. It will be useful to draw on your own experiences. When I present a problem in the text, it is helpful if you imagine a similar problem that you have come across. This book isn't about new bits of information or new patterns to apply, but rather a new way of looking at object-oriented software development. I hope that your own experiences, connected with the principles of design patterns, will prove to be a powerful ally in your learning. --Alan Shalloway December, 2000 From Artificial Intelligence to Patterns to True Object Oriented
My journey to design patterns had a different starting point than Alan's but we have reached the same conclusions:
Pattern-based analysis makes you a more effective and efficient analyst because they let you deal with your models more abstractly and because they represent the collected experiences of many other analysts. Patterns help people to learn principles of object-orientation. The patterns help to explain why we do what we do with objects.
I started my career in artificial intelligence (AI) creating rule-based expert systems. This involves listening to experts and creating models of their decision-making processes and then coding these models in rules in a knowledge-based system. As I built these systems, I began to see repeating themes: in common types of problems, experts tended to work in similar ways. For example, experts who are diagnosing problems with equipment tend to look for simple, quick fixes first, then they get more systematic, breaking the problem into component parts; but in their systematic diagnosis, they tend to try first inexpensive tests or tests that will eliminate broad classes of problems before other kinds of tests. This was true whether we were diagnosing problems in a computer or a piece of oil-field equipment.
Today, I would call these recurring themes "patterns." Intuitively, I began to look for these recurring themes as I was designing new expert systems. My mind was open and friendly to the idea of patterns, even though I did not know what they were.
Then, in 1994, I discovered that researchers in Europe had codified these patterns of expert behavior and put them into a package that they called Knowledge Analysis and Design Support, or "KADS." Dr. Karen Gardner, a most gifted analyst, modeler, mentor, and human being, began to apply KADS to her work in the United States. She extended the Europeans' work to apply KADS to object-oriented systems. She opened my eyes to an entire world of pattern-based analysis and design that was forming in the software world, in large part due to Christopher Alexander's work. Her book, Cognitive Patterns (Cambridge University Press, 1998) describes this work.
Suddenly, I had a structure for modeling expert behaviors without getting trapped by the complexities and exceptions too early. I was able to complete my next three projects in less time, with less rework, and with greater satisfaction by end-users, because:
I could design models more quickly because the patterns predicted for me what ought to be there. They told me what the essential objects were, what to pay special attention to. I was able to communicate much more effectively with experts because we had way to deal with the details and exceptions in a more structured way. The patterns allowed me to develop better end-user training for my system because the patterns predicted the most important features of the system.
The last point is significant. Patterns help end users understand systems because they provide the context for the system, why we are doing things in a certain way. We can use patterns to describe the guiding principles and strategies of the system. And we can use patterns to develop the best examples to use to help them understand the system.
I was hooked.
So, when a design patterns study group started at my place of employment, I was eager to go. This is where I met Alan who had reached a similar point in his work as an object-oriented designer and mentor. The result is this book.
I hope that the principles in this book help you in your own journey to become a more effective and efficient analyst. --James Trott December, 2000
"...I would expect that readers with a basic understanding of object-oriented programming and design would find this book useful, before approaching design patterns completely. Design Patterns Explained complements the existing design patterns texts and may perform a very useful role, fitting between introductory texts such as UML Distilled and the more advanced patterns books."
--James Noble
Design Patterns Explained: A New Perspective on Object-Oriented Design draws together the principles of object-oriented programming with the power of design patterns to create an environment for robust and reliable software development. Packed with practical and applicable examples, this book teaches you to solve common programming problems with patterns--and explains the advantages of patterns for modern software design.
Beginning with a complete overview of the fundamentals of patterns, Design Patterns Explained stresses the importance of analysis and design. The authors clearly demonstrate how patterns can facilitate the overall development process. Throughout the book, key object-oriented design principles are explained, along with the concepts and benefits behind specific patterns. With illustrative examples in C++ and Java, the book demystifies the "whys," "why nots," and "hows" of patterns and explains pattern implementation.
Key topics covered include:
From analysis to implementation, Design Patterns Explained allows you to unleash the true potential of patterns and paves the path for improving your overall designs. This book provides newcomers with a genuinely accurate and helpful introduction to object-oriented design patterns.
I was unable to penetrate Gamma et al before reading this book and was able to make use of Gamma et al after reading the book. Read morePublished on June 1 2004 by Michael Tobis
As .NET is becoming more and more popular, alot of coders are going from classical VB to a Object-Oriented framework. Read morePublished on May 10 2004 by David Baron
Unlike most other, indeed more advanced, books on the topic, this one is written with an informal voice. Read morePublished on Feb. 6 2004 by Foti Massimo
I picked up this book after reading through the original Design Patterns (GoF). Although they discuss similar topics and this book refers to the GoF book quite frequently, I... Read morePublished on Jan. 13 2004
Having used design patterns since their discovery in the early 90's, I am a seasoned advocate. This book's informal voice deals with patterns in an easy-to-follow, almost jovial... Read morePublished on Oct. 28 2003 by Sean Dwyer
I agree with most of the reviewers that go soft on this book. Its not that earth shatteritng, and "accessible" is probably a good word. Read morePublished on Aug. 28 2003 by C. Roeder
Excellent book for those who are new to design patterns and want to learn about them. It's also very helpful even if you don't master OO design. Read morePublished on July 8 2003 by RH


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Is there any good reason that a magic DVD should cost $5 more than the the same program in tape format? Does anyone know enough about the production costs to say (or give informed speculation)? Is it simply a matter of VHS is old hat, DVD is new, so the market will bear more for a tape?
Bill Mullins

subset: commoncrawl


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Savvy Shopper -- Jennifer Richardson
- Filed Under
In the couponers' world there seems to be an ongoing debate on whether clipping coupons saves you money and is the pay-off worth the time put into it. Let's take a look at the top five reasons people believe it's "not worth it" to clip coupons
? You have to buy something to get a coupon. Though some coupons are free or can be printed online at no charge, most of them are still found tucked in the ever faithful, Sunday newspaper. I read the newspaper online and I don't want to have to buy something in order to be offered the chance to save money. It seems contradictory and is a bit too complicated for my taste.
Coupons modify behavior. Manufacturers want me to save 25 cents on that frozen pizza for one reason only - to get me in the habit of eating it. It's simple. And it's a claim that the manufacturers and the coupon industry would be the first to admit. Coupons exist to suggest new products and to habituate shoppers to particular products and brands. Then later, when my kids love this product and want more - poof! No more coupons. No thanks.
Coupons encourage overbuying. Often, the money we save with a coupon applies only when buying multiple items. Even though each item may be cheaper in the long-run with the coupons, why should I have to buy multiples? What if I don't end up liking that new fruit roll-up? What if that flavor of juice has a bad aftertaste? Who should be the lucky recipient of all my surplus fruit roll-ups and juice?
The savings vs. time investment is only pennies. Couponing requires the regular purchase of a newspaper at best. At worst, it requires buying a handy organizer. Then I have to clip, file and watch expiration dates. And while I'm at it, I have to join my grocery store's loyalty program to boost my savings even more. With this much time and effort, are the savings really worth it? Wouldn't buying generic save me just as much if not more without all the hassle and no coupons required?
Coupons typically push prepackaged, processed foods. rarely see coupons for oranges and lettuce. Maybe they exist, and I just haven't found them. But it seems to me that coupons generally push convenient, prepackaged and processed food. I'm not a health nut, but the last thing I need is another excuse to buy ice cream and chips.
Here are my reasons to clip coupons.
You have to buy something to get a coupon. Yes, but if I buy a Sunday paper and use $1.50 worth of coupons from it, it has paid for itself and the rest of the coupons in it are free!
Coupons modify behavior. That's where self-control and self-discipline come in. I could use the excuse my kids modify my behavior when I'm in the store shopping because they want to buy a snack to eat while riding in the buggy, but I use self-control and say no. Same concept with coupons - just because it's a bargain doesn't mean you have to buy it unless you use it.
Coupons encourage over-buying. Once again, you are the controller of your spending.
The savings vs. time investment is only pennies. It's simple math, it boils down to people being lazy and not making the time to clip.
Coupons typically push prepackaged, processed foods. This is half true, there are many out there like that, but you also have pet foods, home improvement, health and beauty and household cleaning and baby food and diaper coupons.
I encourage you to review the debate and see if it's worth your time. I think you'll see some concrete evidence that clipping coupons is truly worth it. If it takes me two hours worth of clipping, organizing and researching the sales and I save $50, that's $25 an hour for my time. Where can you take a part-time job working only two hours a week making $25 an hour in the comfort of your own home making your own hours? What are you waiting for? You've got nothing to lose.


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Apple 16GB iPhone 4, drops to $609
Newegg.com today is offering the Apple 16GB iPhone 4 (model no. MC318LL/A) for only $609.99, which makes it $90 off its once $699.99 list price, and turns it into the lowest cost we have seen for this iPhone by about the same price. This AT&T only smartphone offers HD video recording and editing capabilities, built-in Retina display, 5MP digital camera with LED flash, multitasking support, and the ability to play games, music, or movies. FREE ground shipping is included with this deal, and sales tax applies for residents of California, New Jersey, New York, and Tennessee.
Onsale.com's Steal of the Day is the refurbished Cisco Flip SlideHD Video Camera with 16GB of memory, on sale today for only $117.99 and offers a price break of up to $111. Swing by Cowboom.com today for the Insignia Blu-ray Disc Player with Wi-Fi, which is currently available as Cowboom.com's Deal of the Day and has gone from $179.99 down to $59.99. Priced at $749.99 after the NKN23914 coupon code is Tigerdirect.com's Deal of the Day, the 1.73GHz, 15.6-inch Asus Laptop Computer, featuring 4GB of RAM, 500GB hard drive, and two year warranty. Next up we have Buy.com's Deal of the Day, the Altec Lansing BackBeat 903 Bluetooth Stereo Headphones for Music and Clear Calls, currently on sale for $34.99 and has dropped 64% off its original list price. Finally, Macmall.com today has lowered the cost of the Targus Protective TPU Skin for iPad 2 to only $20.99, and has shipping rates starting at $3.99.


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The future in fueling
A new curing technology, developed in Croatia, substitutes biomass for expensive oil and gas.
By Robin Sutton Anders
For the past five years, Croatian tobacco growers have witnessed a startling decline in revenues. But unlike other farmers around the globe who attribute their recent losses to lower demand, poor weather conditions or stifling regulations, Croatian growers point to a rising cost of energy. "The decrease in growers' profits is estimated to be 15 percent, so the production of tobacco is stagnating, or even slightly decreasing," says Vladamir Hrovjc, managing director of Herbas d.o.o., a Croatian company that manufactures tobacco processing machinery.
"Tobacco drying costs have increased up to 40 percent in the last five years," Hrovjc continues. This increase is foreboding for the entire Croatian industry, including Herbas, whose machinery sales depend on the industry's success. So through long-term cooperation with Hrvatski Duhani, a leading Croatian manufacturer of flue-cured Virginia tobacco, Herbas set out to reduce the cost of drying flue-cured tobacco for struggling growers.
Fired up
Because the typical Croatian tobacco barn's thermal generator relies on expensive gas or oil to dry its flue-cured tobacco, Herbas immediately recognized the need to find an alternative energy source. According to Hrovjc, the company started by experimenting with biomass like wooden chips, pellets and firewood. An effective generator, however, would take more than just a new fuel source, Hrovjc says. "Tobacco is typically dried using thermal generators fueled on gas and oil because using biomass tends to lead to great temperature losses. The temperature of outgoing gasses was around 300 degrees Celsius."
The company developed a new model thermal generator based on the principle of pirolitic biomass burning, which it hypothesized would lead to more efficient combustion. The result was encouraging—the temperature of outgoing gasses in the chimney measured 130 degrees C.
Hrovjc explains how it works: "The biomass is put into the input hopper, which can be positioned at the side or in front of the thermal generator," he says. "Then it is transported by a caterpillar conveyer system into the furnace. This dual-axial caterpillar transporter system ensures safety from [the] return flame."
The barn's thermal generator furnace—located beneath the ventilator—is made out of sheet metal, and the parts exposed to intense heat are constructed from fireproof sheet metal. "An 18,000 cubic meter air-per-hour ventilator creates forced air flow," Hrovjc explains. "The thermal generator has primary and secondary air dampers which are angled at 90 degrees so to manually choose the ratio of external unsaturated air and internal recycled air. The temperature of output air is 130 to 150 degrees Celsius."
Basically, Hrovjc says, the dry distillation of wood is carried out within the furnace, which creates a gas that burns with minimal ash and soot. "So cleaning the furnace is easy and done only once in a drying cycle." Ash is removed manually by emptying the ash tray. And depending on the type of biomass used, it is necessary to periodically clean the thermal generator chimney.
Putting it to the test
Last year, Herbas conducted a series of tests to determine whether the biomass was, in fact, more cost-efficient. "We compared natural gas, oil and biomass," says Hrovjc. "The results indicate that drying tobacco in thermal generators fueled on biomass is three to four times cheaper than those fueled on gas, and five to six times cheaper than those fueled on oil."
Of the three biomass forms tested (wooden chips, pellets and firewood), firewood 1 meter in length was shown to be the cheapest fuel for drying.
Justin Macialek, a research assistant at North Carolina State University who studies tobacco mechanization and post-harvest curing structures, visited Herbas' research facilities this past August to see for himself the company's new curing technology.
Macialek also works with biomass fuels to generate heat for tobacco production and, like Herbas, understands growers' interest in biomass fuels runs deep into their bottom line, as rising fuel costs in the United States also contribute to growers' production costs. "One of the issues driving biomass burner selection is the uncertainty of gas prices that vary from year to year," he says. "This past year it was $1 a gallon, but the year before it was $2 per gallon. That makes it tough for growers to budget their production costs."
In Macialek's view, Herbas' biomass fuel system performs above standard, but he points to a remarkable adoption rate of the burners by Croatian growers as evidence of its success. "This is the second year biomass burners have been available to Croatian growers," Macialek says. "The first year their technology was available, two growers used the burners. This past growing season, 42 growers utilized the technology. They were able to adapt the technology to existing barns and also build new barns using biomass burners. That greatly reduced their production costs."
From hothouse to greenhouse
According to Macialek, U.S. researchers have been tinkering with biomass burner technology for a while. At North Carolina State University, the biological and agricultural engineering department studied biomass as a fuel alternative for tobacco barns in the late 1970s and early 1980s. "When gas prices went back down, nobody wanted to use wood for heating," Macialek says. "But in 2007, when gas prices started increasing again, people gained a renewed interest in alternative energy and we started looking at biomass fuels again."
Whereas these new burners can torch costs in Europe, implementing the technology in the United States is not necessarily the most cost-efficient strategy, says Macialek. "In the United States, a very small percentage—at most 5 percent—of growers currently use wood as a fuel source."
All things being equal, Macialek believes gas is more efficient and convenient for most U.S. growers, as fueling barns with biomass requires extra management time and maintenance costs.
And although the payback period for initial investment in Herbas' technology is just three to five years, most growers only have contracts for one year at a time. "It's difficult to make an investment for three to five years if growers are uncertain whether or not they will have a contract in the following years."
For growers uncertain about their future with tobacco, old barns can be retrofitted to fit the biomass burner technology. Further, growers can use their burners for a variety of farming needs, dramatically slashing the payback time.
"A disadvantage of buying this equipment is that tobacco production only lasts two to three months a year, so you've got a short time to recoup costs," Macialek says. "However, we work with a grower who uses this boiler system on his barn for tobacco in the summer, and in the winter he uses it for his greenhouses while he grows tomatoes. In late winter he'll use the system to heat tobacco transplant houses."
Hrovjc believes the investment in biomass burner technology can be recovered more quickly—in just two to three years. One grower, he says, even recouped his expenses in one year.
The future of biomass
Macialek predicts technology like Herbas' biomass burner will only be adopted in the United States if the market turns enough so that alternative fuel technology offsets grower input. "It really comes down to convenience," he says. "Even though gas prices are currently anywhere from five to 10 times the cost of wood, there's a lot of value in the convenience of flipping a switch."
In the meantime, there's no question that Croatian growers have already realized the benefits of Herbas' new technology. "It's beneficial that the growers have committed to using biomass to fuel their barns," says Macialek. "And if Herbas can help local growers produce tobacco for a lower cost, they can in turn pay lower costs for that tobacco."
As local growers continue to realize the benefits of Herbas' new technology that saves money while stabilizing input costs, what's on the horizon for the tobacco machinery manufacturing company? "We've already come up with some high-quality solutions for increasing machine capacity and improving raw material processing," says Hrovjc. "In the future, we'd like to continue to modernize production and develop new processing lines for our customers." For the country's growers and manufacturers alike, new technology that aids in production while reducing input costs will likely be an easy sell.


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|Acute resistance exercise is more effective than aerobic exercise for 24h blood pressure control in type 2 diabetics.
MedLine Citation:
|PMID: 21159536 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher
|AIM: The study aimed to analyze blood pressure (BP) responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) over a 24h period following resistance (RES) and aerobic (AER) exercise. METHODS: Ten adults with T2D (age: 55.8±7.7 years; weight: 79.4±14.0kg; fasting glucose: 133.0±36.7mg.dL(-1)) underwent: (1) AER: 20min of cycling at 90% lactate threshold (90% LT); (2) RES: three laps of a circuit of six exercises with eight repetitions at 70% 1-RM and 40s of recovery; and (3) a control session of no exercise. Heart rate (HR), and systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial (MAP) and pulse (PP) BP, as well as lactataemia (Lac), VO(2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at rest, during exercise and control (CON) periods, and 60min after interventions. After each session, BP was also monitored over a 24h period. RESULTS: Peak Lac (RES: 6.4±1.4mM; AER: 3.8±1.2mM), RER (RES: 1.1±0.1; AER: 0.9±0.1) and RPE (RES: 14.0±1.3; AER: 11.0±2.3) were higher following the RES session (P<0.05). Similar VO(2) (∼70% VO(2peak)) was reached during AER and RES sessions (14.0±3.0 vs 14.3±1.6mL.kg.min(-1); P>0.05). Compared with CON, only RES elicited post-exercise BP reduction that lasted 8h after exercise. Also, in comparison to pre-exercise rest, the BP dip during sleep was greater following RES (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: A single exercise bout decreases BP in T2D patients over a 24h period, with RES being more effective than AER exercise for BP control.
|P K Morais; C S G Campbell; M M Sales; D F Motta; S R Moreira; V N C Cunha; R E Benford; H G Simões
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Publication Detail:
|Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2010-12-13
Journal Detail:
|Title: Diabetes & metabolism Volume: - ISSN: 1878-1780 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2010 Dec
Date Detail:
|Created Date: 2010-12-16 Completed Date: - Revised Date: -
Medline Journal Info:
|Nlm Unique ID: 9607599 Medline TA: Diabetes Metab Country: -
Other Details:
|Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: -
Copyright Information:
|Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
|Postgraduate Program on Physical Activity and Health, Catholic University of Brasilia-UCB, Brasília DF, EPTC, QS07, LT1s/n, Bloco G Sala 120-D, CEP 72030-170 Águas Claras Taguatinga, Brazil.
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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BB creams are the hit product of the year. They give great coverage but don't feel as heavy as a foundation. Kiehl's BB Cream is a cult classic, so I decided to test it out to see if it's worth the hype.Read Full Story
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OK, we all know the old saying to never wear white after Labor Day, but this season the color is white hot! From appearances on almost every runway to the streets, winter white is everywhere. So break out the white pieces that you put away until the spring. If these fabulous fashion bloggers are loving it, then you can too!Read Full Story
Michael Todd True Organics skin care is all the rage among bloggers and celebrities. The products are organic and don't have any of those nasty ingredients like sulfates or parabens. But one product claims to tackle two skin care steps at the same time. We can't pass up a two-in-one, so we gave it a shot!Read Full Story
Going a day or two between washes used to be taboo, but with the sudden influx of dry shampoos on the market, the trend is becoming far more popular. In fact, skipping a couple days can actually be good for your hair! But we don't always want everyone to know our dirty little secret. For those days when you're skipping a wash and your hair needs a bit of a lift, dry shampoo is a great option. I'm sharing five of my faves!Read Full Story
A blow dryer isn't the most exciting beauty product, but for many women, it's a necessity. But there's one thing every woman can agree on — they are too loud. The Centrix Q-Zone blow dryer claims to reduce the noise of the dryer. We tested it out to hear the truth!Read Full Story
Plaid isn't just for kids at Catholic school or punk rockers anymore. The trend is everywhere, and we have to admit, we are obsessed. There are so many shades of the popular print and too many ways to wear it to count. From thick scarves to the classic boyfriend button down, we're giving you 12 ways you can rock the trend.Read Full Story
With the holidays approaching, one thing is on everyone's mind — food. Thanksgiving and Christmas are the most food-centric holidays, which means lots of preparation for those hosting the gatherings. One course that has become a holiday staple is the pie, but baking a pie might not fit into your busy schedule. Don't worry! By following these tips, you can save some time and trick everyone into thinking you're a pie pro.Read Full Story
Warm coats are always a cold weather staple. But this season, a new trend has taken over, and we are loving it. Coats with fun prints are everywhere, from the runway to the streets. Here's some inspiration for you to rock the trend!Read Full Story
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Comments by gatvfan
Were Diane and Will wrong to offer the partnerships to help the firm? No, I think that they are very smart. Should Alicia join the firm or call Canning? Yes no to Canning Did David Lee go too far in the prenup negotiations? Not at all when compared to the other lawyers. Or was he doing what was best for his client? Yes, but at the same time he was taking care of future business for the firm.
I will be so glad when Pelant is killed. I do not like this character nor do I like the actor!!!! Kill him off please writers.
I remembered from my own education about the trouble brewing in Ireland and knew it has been slowly building up to try to make a break from England. Still not impressed with Tom's character. To watch Sybil when she found out that he at meetings where taking action was discussed and he had not told her was something to see. She felt betrayed.
Poor Bates thinking his wife no longer cared about him by not writing. I suspected the guards were withholding his mail for their own reasons.
As usual Downton Abbey held my attention for the 50 minutes it on. I found myself wishing it was on for 2 whole hours.
An ok show today. Didn't like it when Belle throw the chipped cup. Hope that she will find her memory comes back.
What did you think of "Collusion"? Is this the end for Aiden and Emily? Do you think that was really Aiden's sister on the video? As usual, Emily saved the day. I hate to think that this is the end for Aiden and Emily. I love the actor who is Aiden. Yes, I do think that this is Aiden's sister, but when was this video made?
One of my favorite shows now coming a end. Just hope I will not be disappointed in the wrapping up all the ends in this finale.
I no longer watch this show. It has become so dark to me. I need more light and happiness.
You could see just how persuasive Boyd can be at the church service. I had miss this since his church in the woods. This Dixie Mafia will continue on being a irritant for Boyd.
surprised Padma is involved with the Initiative. Oh when Nolan finds out, how sad will this be!
I think Angela should be given a way out to follow her first dream of being a real artist. But then I for one would be very sorry to see her leave unless they can someone else who is as good as her. I have noticed that in the last few episodes, she has remarked about all of the horror she must draw from.


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There are many daily deal sites available either nationwide (such as Groupon and LivingSocial) or local sites in some areas. This is one way to save on purchasing items and services if you will use the product or service. There may be deals available that you can use as holiday gifts. One of the main things to keep in mind with daily deal sites to purchase items that you would normally purchase or have wanted to try. Also, find a way to keep track of your coupons so you use them before they expire.
You are not saving money if you purchase deals just because they seem like a good deal or don't use them before they expire.
This is part of a series I am doing for DIY holiday ideas. Click Here for the other posts from the month.


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General board for soon-to-be 1Ls / Computer Shopping« on: June 10, 2009, 11:18:40 PM »
I love my netbook (a dell mini 9) and I hate heavy computers, even 4lbs is heavy to me, but I can handle it for short trips (like exams). I'm also cheap, so option 1 really appeals to me. But I'm concerned about whether my netbook is enough computer for exams.


text: Dieter Quickfend wrote:Congrats Chad! And thanks for the pointers. I as well, during the examlab mock, where I averaged 60%, got my lowest score on initialization and scoping, and am now revising that part, and concurrency and generics because they're hard. I'll be doing the exam in two weeks, really hope I'm ready.


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Article Comments
(Seth McConnell, The Denver Post)
SportsAvs struggles continue with loss to Senators at home
Avs (now 8-13-1) again are at home Saturday
A 5-3 loss to the Ottawa Senators on Wednesday night dropped the Avs to 2-6-1 at the Pepsi Center this season, and Colorado is the only team in the NHL without at least three wins on home ice.
Speed the 150-year-old tortoise dies at San Diego Zoo
SAN DIEGO (AP) — One of San Diego's oldest residents has died. The Los Angeles Times reports (http://lat.
(Carolyn Kaster/AP)
Malia Obama navigating college decision-making process
WASHINGTON (AP) — Michelle Obama's message for high school seniors fretting about their college prospects is simple. Full Story


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[Tutorial] "The Graduate"
Tutorial – "The Graduate"
A Conceptual Piece; Taken and edited with a Windows Phone - Nokia Lumia 920 by Jen B
First, let's talk about this phone. I was extremely excited to get it! I opened the box and was impressed by its shiny white coat. We shook hands. Firm grip. This was going to be an interesting challenge. I'd heard about the impressive camera on the Lumia, 8.7 megapixels. I'd also heard that the editing apps weren't as plentiful as I've been used to. I tend toward either straight, minimally edited images or the opposite, heavily edited "app stacking". For this one I thought I'd attempt the latter.
I hit the streets of Berkeley. It happened to be graduation day. This young man was standing on the corner, alone, cap in hand, waiting to cross the street. I stealthily got the shot (I'm no street photographer, but I try). I imagined him tentatively beginning his foray into the future, the unknown, the abyss. That was my idea when I began here.
Apps Used:
Native camera, Fantasia Painter, Fotor
This is the original image, taken with the Lumia's native camera:
I wanted to isolate the figure so I took the image into Fantasia Painter, a versatile app with lots of varied functions. The ads on the top of the screenshots are great. Apparently I need to get a boob job and get my party on . ☺
My first step was to paint out the background. You click on the rainbow icon on the left. This brings up a variety of brushes as well as lighten, darken and smudge. I chose "paint", chose my brush from the bar at the top of the screen and painted around the subject with gray.
You can zoom in and out to get into the little spots. I wasn't all that precise here because I knew I'd be doing some further editing and it wouldn't matter. There was a little trial and error going on here. This is my first image edited on the Lumia.
Next, I clicked on the button that looks like a magic wand to bring up further editing features. I chose Zoom Motion under the "Distort" heading. I didn't take a screen shot of this step. Choosing this will blur the whole image and you can use the eraser at the top to control what parts are blurred. I unblurred parts of this image.
I wanted to distort the subject a little so I chose the Bloat and Pinch functions in the same section. I played around with distortion of the subject. Using these is really intuitive. Just drag to sections you want to manipulate and there ya go.
To make this image look like a stencil, I chose "Stencil/Thresh" in the "Artistic" section.
I wanted to change the background color.I chose the "gradient map" function , also in the "Artistic" section, and chose Gold. (In retrospect not sure this step was necessary, trial and error here.)
I then saved the image and opened it in the Fotor app, my favorite for basic editing. I cropped out the black parts on the top. Then I clicked the Neon button and chose "Dynamic Light" which added some cool swirls of light to the image.
I wanted a monochrome image, so next I clicked the black and white button. This brings up several choices. I liked B&W1.
The last step was to lower the brightness and contrast using the "Edit" button that looiks like a pencil.
All done! Here's the final image. "The Graduate"
I hope you enjoyed this tutorial and learned a little. I'm still getting to know and love this phone. I am very thankful to Microsoft for the opportunity to take part in this challenge! I also want to say CONGRATULATIONS to my two kids who are GRADUATING today, Adam from High School and Charlotte from Preschool. I'm very proud.
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- The Wonderful World of Windows Phone | We Are JUXT - [...] the latest Windows Phone tutorial from Jen, "The Graduate" by clicking the image [...]
- [Tutorial] "The Graduate" | Mobile ... - [...] Tutorial – "The Graduate" A Conceptual Piece; Taken and edited with a Windows Phone - Nokia Lumia 920 by ...


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Healthy Armstrong sponsors lunchtime walks
Finding time for exercise during the workday has just gotten a little easier for some area employees thanks to the coordinating efforts of Healthy Armstrong.
On Tuesday in East Franklin, ACMH Hospital staff and students participated in one of four 15-minute walks around the hospital during their lunch breaks.
The event was one of several workplace walks organized by Healthy Armstrong.
Last week, staff of the ACMH Patient Access in Ford City and employees of F& M Bank in Kittanning participated in similar events.
As Tuesday's temperatures hovered in the mid- to upper 70s, more than 50 hospital participants —many dressed in scrubs and sneakers — set out for a brisk walk.
Healthy Armstrong Director Kay Owen and intern Julie Lizik were there to hand out pedometers, bottles of water and energy bars and pairs of Exerstrider walking sticks for participants to try.
Owen said the walking sticks help burn more calories while reducing stress on knees and legs.
Glenna Kanish, instructor and education coordinator for the hospital's school of radiology, tried the walking sticks and passed them to colleague Jenny Sturgeon during the walk.
"It was a lot of fun," said Kanish, noting that 17 radiology students had participated.
Sara Shaner, a hospital LPN, said she usually tries to make time for a couple of laps around the hospital during her lunch breaks. Her walking regimen has helped her lose 20 pounds, she said.
Lizik said she received a lot of positive feedback from ACMH.
"Today was a good turnout," she said. "A lot of people use work as an excuse not to work out."
She noted that along with the physical benefits associated with exercising, a workplace walk also helps people destress.
Lizik, who graduated from Slippery Rock University in May with a public health degree, helped organize the Workplace Walk series as part of her internship with Healthy Armstrong. She said the goal is to encourage participants to continue with an exercise regimen on their own.
Owen said she hopes other area businesses and organizations will follow suit.
On Aug. 7, Armstrong County Courthouse employees will have an opportunity to take to the Armstrong Trail during one of three 30-minute walks.
And if the weather is less than ideal, it shouldn't prevent people from hitting the trails, said Owen.
"You just have to wear the right clothes," she said.
Brigid Beatty is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. She can be reached at 724-543-1303 or email@example.com.
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Well, what's it all about? It's about serious music crafting - capturing the feeling and excitement of an era though gone in one sense, never gone at all. This is the music you grew up listening to, driving your parents crazy. Now your children are doing it to you with Hip Hop and Rock that bears no resemblance to what you consider Rock, but that's okay - some day they will be listening to our Classic Hip Hop station so it all comes back 'round full circle.
This isn't a station just for old farts or something - anybody who wants to appreciate the creativity of sound that was taking place from the late Sixties to the early Eighties should feel right at home here. This isn't all pre-planned or pre-programmed - it truly is a work in progress and your comments, suggestions and requests will help us build the station and sound you want the most.
So who's milking this cow?
We sure like her a lot but hope she won't add anymore to her name...
The Divine Miz "C" was previously the founder and General Manager of KZAT-FM in Tama, Iowa. She was responsible for obtaining its license from the FCC and was its operator and GM for thirteen years before a tornado out of Cedar Rapids yanked it up and plunked it back down somewhere around Sonora, Mexico.
KZAT was one of the first Iowa stations to begin streaming its audio on the Internet and for a time was in the Top Ten of American Internet Radio stations in terms of listenership. You could look it up.
That experience led to her desire to build Net Classic Hits and being involved in the formation and operation of other Internet Radio stations that the American Wireless & Entertainment will be building in the future.
Cathys responsibilities with KZAT included on-air and production, music programming, traffic, continuity, bookkeeping, long term financial obligations, FCC filings facilities maintenance in accordance with both FCC and FAA rules and regulations, every facet of operations and sales.... whew... and on the 7th day she rested... in short, she WAS the station.
A part of Cathys broadcast passion extends to sound production and music and she also operates a sound production company that possesses the most extensive supply of sound equipment in the Midwest and specializes in advertising media production and concert level amplification.
Cathy has two degrees from the University of Northern Iowa in Electronic Media and Recreation-Program Supervisor, with a minor in Business Management which is one more than the Silver Haired Man of Rock n' Roll has but one less than Derek since he's the know-it-all.
D' Man - Derek, he's not just a lawyer, he is a renaissance man... he builds businesses, knows technology like the back of his hand - ask him how many freckles are on his hand and fishes with the best of them.
He only requires 2.8 hours a sleep at night and can cut a hole in the roof of your house and then have it repaired like new in only two months.
He was a child in the Seventies, so we have to work with him to help him understand the differences between the Who and the Guess Who. We had to explain which instrument Marshall Tucker played in the band too... but that's not why we keep him around - he knows that a tort is not just something that you eat, and Python is not just a snake.
And besides he can design a mean website... like this one!
Just disregard his attaching his resume to this site - you think we're going to let him get away?
The Silver Haired Man of Rock n' Roll - contractual obligations keeps us from mentioning his name right now, but we can attest to the fact that he does have silver hair and he was a disc jockey during the time all of this music was being created and performed. Perhaps you heard him back then and wondered whatever happened to him. Just the same, he could not be found in the dairy case of your local grocery.
He has testified in federal court more than once just because the judge liked the way he took the oath.
His reputation is expanding faster than the national debt.
He wishes everybody would use Dial.
From time to time he will stop doing what he does on a daily basis to become the mayor of Segue City and show you how you can take classic rock songs and mix them together in such a way where you can't tell where the first song ended and the second song began - well at least that's what he claims he can do. You'll just have to listen for this to see if he can. And then, after you hear him, you'll probably want to write in and tell him segues you think are even better. Then he'll probably use them on the air and maybe give you credit for it or a new Oldsmobile depending on what is available at the time.


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Performing Mick Jagger's music at the top of your lungs when behind the wheel tends to Toyota Mr2 your dragging trip a whole lot enjoyable and comforting; yet, if the radio reception is inconsistent, that only means there's a problem in your Toyota Mr2 antenna. The antenna of your Toyota Mr2 is likely to breakdown simply because this component is subjected to the dangerous effects of environment like rust, acid rain, and dirt. If this happens, then this is the best time that you put in a new stock antenna.
To help Toyota Mr2 your Do-it-yourself task much easier and faster, it's better if you pick an antenna for your Toyota Mr2 that pretty much includes most of the essential mounting equipment. You can also cut down your set up time in half if you choose to install a universal antenna to your Toyota Mr2 because it takes less modifications. Do not forget to check its quality before choosing one; look for a Toyota Mr2 antenna that's made of the very best elements, which will really offer greater service life.
You can get the Toyota Mr2 antenna you always liked for your car, from our site. We carry a large selection of top-quality antennas made by the most reliable brands like Metro Moulded, OES Genuine, Hirschmann, and so much more. With our massive price reductions and fantastic promos, you can pay out less and save a lot more while you shop. Go order this instant!
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Horace Greeley graduate Lowell Byers, a standout on the Denison University men's swimming team (shown at bottom), is being congratulated by his relay mates in the pool after swimming the final leg of the 800 relay at last year's NCAA Division III championships. / Denison University athletics
Lowell Byers could end his swimming career at Denison University by becoming a 28-time Division III all-American.
"The maximum number of events you can score at nationals is seven, and Lowell is a 14-time all-American his first two years," Denison coach Gregg Parini said of the former Horace Greeley star, who is now a junior. "He's on pace to be a 28-time all-American, which would make him only the third person in history to do that."
Byers' 14 designations have come in six individual events and eight relays. His strong showings helped Denison place second behind Ohio rival Kenyon the last two years.
Kenyon has won 27 straight national titles, but Byers thinks his team can end that dynasty this year.
Ironically, he narrowed his college choices to those two schools - and his selection of Denison is reflective of not only his competitive nature, but also his quest to conquer challenges.
"When I heard about the streak, which is now the longest streak of national college championships, I thought that it would be the greatest thing to have a shot to take it down," said Byers, who was named a Division III swimmer of the week earlier this season. "That's what I've been looking toward. That would be the greatest thing in the world to do."
Denison will be competing in the Kenyon Invitational on Feb. 17 - its last meet before the NCAA Division III championships, March 15-17 in Houston.
Byers' success in college follows a highlight-filled career at Greeley in which he won three straight Section 1 titles in the 50- and 100-yard freestyles. He finished second in both events his senior year at the state championships after helping the Quakers go 8-0 and win the Division B championship.
He also excelled in football.
"He's a big, rugged kid, but the best way to describe him is a total gentleman," former Greeley football coach Bill Tribou said of the 6-foot-1, 200-pound Byers. "He's one pretty big swimmer, and he was one of the biggest guys on the team when he started as a sophomore at defensive end."
Byers went on to become Greeley's starting quarterback his senior year.
And sports is not the only venue where he uses as a stage. He's a theater major who hopes to become an actor, following in the footsteps of his father, Ralph, who has appeared on such TV series as "Guiding Light" and "Law & Order" and such movies as "Regarding Henry" and "Star Trek: The Motion Picture." He now does voiceovers for TV and radio commercials, for advertisers ranging from UPS to the Discover Card or playing the role of the baritone-voiced "Trojan Man."
"I'm really interested in it," the younger Byers said. "I'd love to do any type of acting, really. When I graduate, I will probably go to either New York or L.A. and see if I can get some work. Television would be great, but as a beginning actor, I'll take anything I can get."
He's appeared in several plays on the main stage of Denison's campus, including "Fires in the Mirror," "The Shape of Things" and "Brighton Beach Memoirs."
"What's easiest for my schedule is to do one at the beginning of the school year - sort of when we're getting in shape," Byers said. "But each play is usually seven shows, so it's a pretty hectic schedule. I don't get a lot of rest when I do plays."
Byers' next role is in "Homebody/Kabul" by playwright Tony Kushner, which is set in the 1990s in the capital of Afghanistan and in London.
"I'm going to be taking on a British dialect and I'm playing a drug addict," Byers said.
It's an usual role for an NCAA student-athlete, for sure, but Parini is supportive of Byers' acting pursuits.
"He's multitalented," the coach said. "He's got talent both on stage and in the pool. The kid just loves to perform."
Reach Joe Lombardi at email@example.com or 914-696-8239.


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Christmas lights blazed away on the Anaconda Co. grounds in Black Eagle circa 1979. The display ended with the closure of the metals refinery in 1980. Mary Ann Cosgrove and her family would drive through the grounds and then travel to the opposite river bank to see the lights reflected in the river and parts of the plant not open to the public aglow. / Photo courtesy The History Museum
The Anaconda Copper Mining smelter grounds were bedecked with thousands of Christmas lights at holiday time until the late 1970s. / Photo courtesy The History Museum
Take your own Journey of the Imagination
If you could go anywhere in Montana history, where would you travel? What would you hope to see? Who would you want to meet?
Wed like to hear your idea and may connect you for a future story. Please send a note to Kristen Inbody at firstname.lastname@example.com or to Great Falls Tribune, 205 River Drive S., Great Falls, MT 59403.
Mary Ann Cosgrove would love to take one more ride through the Christmas lights of Smelter Hill with those in the photo she carries, her grandparents, mother, aunts and uncle. / TRIBUNE PHOTO/KRISTEN INBODY
The perfectly placed strings of Christmas lights made the Anaconda Copper Mining Co.s Great Falls Reduction Works seem like a fairyland to Mary Ann Cosgrove during her childhood.
The decorated industrial site was open for visitors from about Thanksgiving to Jan. 1 until the late 1970s. Driving through the lighting displays was an annual tradition for many people in northcentral Montana.
Wed load up the car two or three times a week and go for a drive around Smelter Hill, Cosgrove said. There would be hundreds of cars lined up.
If she could return to the past, Cosgrove would pick 1952, give or take a year. At that time she still saw Christmas as something totally magical, an event that just happened to and for her. Shed want her family there for one more loop through the ACM decorations.
We would climb into the old Plymouth, which held eight, she said. Thatd be something special, to have another drive with those old-timers.
After driving around the plant, which she lived just a few blocks from in Black Eagle, Cosgrove and her family would go to the opposite bank of the Missouri River to enjoy the lights again.
From across the river, you would see the lights way back in the workings of the smelter where you couldnt go, she said.
It was sublime, she added. When youre a kid, you dont realize how rare and precious that experience was. I treasure the memories now. It was one of the most beautiful sights to see and very generous of the company to make that plant the beautiful place it was.
As a gift for the local children, the ACM hosted a Christmas party. Cosgrove remembers traipsing up the hill two by two with Collins Grade School classmates to the event.
They would give us wonderful sacks of fruit, candies and nuts, she said. Wed sing and have a big time.
The Christmas lights were ACMs gift to the whole community, though, she said. A month of work by eight to 10 employees went into lighting the plant.
Along with the trees on the property, the lovely houses of the plant managers were decorated, with trees and candles glowing in the windows.
It wasnt haphazard. Every light was perfectly placed, with red and green bulbs, all symmetrical, Cosgrove added. It was as beautiful as anything you can imagine.
A small chapel and a bell at the top of a waterfall were part of the display and very lovely, she said. Every Christmas was a white Christmas then, which only enhanced the scene.
People dont realize how different ACM was from many other industrial complexes, she said. It was landscaped to the nines.
The about 20 administrators houses in the plants residential area were surrounded with all kinds of trees like a fabulous park.
Fifty years ago, the plants 115 trees gleamed with 26,000 lights at Christmas. Cosgrove remembers fabulous trees around the golf course, plant buildings and along the river.
It was all trimmed, perfectly groomed, she said. The trees were well taken care of. The evergreen trees were just gorgeous.
Everything in its place
Jay Patton, 77, was one of two who worked in a bucket truck stringing lights along the tops of trees. Other electricians would finish the tree bottoms with long sticks to get the lights in place.
If the weather was good, you could work faster, he said. If it got real cold, it didnt go very fast.
The display was extra work, with endless bulbs to replace. Patton, who worked on the display from the 1960s to 1979, recalled stringing lights with 120,000 bulbs a year.
It wasnt pleasant, but it created work for people, he said. We had to fix them when the wind blew and broke the lights.
The company and the electricians took pride in the work. The reactions of those who saw the lights made the effort worthwhile.
We had people driving through, car after car, he said. People really liked the company for doing it. They got letters, even from people who would go through town on the railroad and see the lights, people in airplanes.
An era gone
To see the lights of the Anaconda Co. again would be a chance to see another time in the citys history.
The iconic smokestack at the ACM smelter was a major landmark and a source of civic pride at its 1908 construction, when it became the largest chimney in the world at 506 feet. High wages drew immigrants, farm boys and multiple generations of families to the hard, hazardous work.
ACM wages in the 1940s and 1950s were about double the average Montana income, and in 1972, local Anaconda Co. workers typically had a purchasing power equal to about $42,000 today.
The Company was the areas largest employer for half a century, beginning in the 1890s. For better and worse, Montana never again would see such a large and powerful company, which at one time paid 12 percent of Montanas tax roll and owned 5 percent of the land in the state.
Black Eagle, like the plant, ran 24 hours a day, with lively entertainment and a colorful mix of different kinds of people.
Cosgrove, 69, remembers the Black Eagle of her childhood as religious, with all the high holidays wonderfully observed with pomp and parades.
Blessed Sacrament Catholic Church was going gangbusters in the era. Christmas centered around the church, with lovely choirs and numerous masses. The altar was decorated with slews of poinsettias and pine.
Cosgrove still lives in the house her grandfather, Michael Tuss, built in about 1916, the first on Colorado Avenue, which was the first avenue built in Black Eagle after the towns name changed from Little Chicago, she said.
Tuss worked for 50 years at Great Falls Ironworks. He had a farm with dairy cows, chickens and pigs, too, and kept a garden even bigger than the one Cosgrove has now.
He was a whirlwind kind of guy, she said. This whole place was gardened. He taught my mother and me to love it.
Cosgrove and her brother grew up in her grandparents home. They were Yugoslavian and spoke Croatian at home.
I lived here at a time when I could hear two, three, four languages spoken, she said.
Many of her fellow students at school were first- or second-generation English speakers.
Everybody had foreigners in their family, she said. We had some writing in Croatian, but there were no books in my house. I didnt have any until I went to school.
Her grandparents were part of the Croatian club, and Crosgrove remembers sleeping on piles of coats at CroHall, which hosted dances, barbecues and potlucks.
It was idyllic in many ways, she said.
Everyone minded everyones businesses and took care of each other in Black Eagle then, which was a tremendous boon to the children of the community.
There was immense freedom in Black Eagle, she said. We all ran in a pack from dawn to nightfall. We wandered into other kids houses for lunch, and youd hear parents yelling for their kids at dinner time.
When Cosgrove was in the second or third grade, the school got a hot lunch program.
That was the cats pajamas, she said. You could smell the bread baking all over.
Meals were homemade with ingredients grown and produced in the area. Black Eagle had three or four grocery stores back then, Cosgrove recalled. She remembers barrels of nuts and potatoes and great stalks of bananas with exotic bugs and spiders that hitched rides north from tropical climes. Many of the Croats made baccalà, and the dried, salted cod was stacked like logs.
The pollution that came with the plant wasnt a concern at the time, Cosgrove said.
We didnt know the effects, and we didnt worry about it, she said.
The last puff of smoke emerged from smelter stack in 1972.
With falling copper prices and aging facilities, the new owners, the Atlantic Richfield Co., closed the plant in 1980, tore down the buildings, scrapped whatever they could and in 1982 blew up the big stack before an audience of 40,000.
'Under the Stack'
For Cosgrove, one consolation of the end of the days of the ACM is that photos and video continue to tell the stories from Smelter Hill.
Im glad were using the resources we have from the smelter, she said. People squirreled things away, and now theyre giving them to the historical society.
This year, The History Museum produced a new documentary, Under the Big Stack: The Great Falls Smelter Remembered, with photos and video from the ACM era.
More than 200 people came to the videos premier at the museum, with another big crowd for a Black Eagle showing last week. The DVD is for sale at the museum, at 422 2nd St. S., Tuesday through Friday. It will be shown on MontanaPBS in February. An exhibit on the stack opens with the new year.
Though shed already seen the film, Cosgrove decided to go to the Black Eagle screening just to watch peoples reactions, she said. The History Museum did an incredible job with the film.
Jim Meinert, executive director of the museum, and his film co-producer Craig Wirth traced the smelters history back to the very beginning of Great Falls and to founder Paris Gibsons vision for his city to use hydroelectric power to become a major industrial center.
By 1890, a thousand men worked at what was then the Boston and Montana smelter, refining copper shipped from Butte via railroad. The smelter turned a town into a city, according to the film, and the copper and zinc refined there was vital to victory in World War II.
The documentary has meant so much to so many people, and their biggest reaction is to the scenes with the lights, Meinert said. It was the most cared-for grounds keeping of any smelter or metals refinery in the country. They took great pride in decorating the smelter area.
Meinerts father, uncle, grandfather and granduncle all put in time at the smelter.
The smelter meant so much. You cant find a multi-generational local family who didnt have someone who worked there, he said.
Before World War II, Great Falls had a population of 29,000, while after the war it doubled thanks to the military buildup on Gore Hill and the production of copper, zinc and other precious metals.
Those two drivers pushed the city into the No. 1 position in the state, Meinert said. When I grew up, it was a happening place.
Reach Tribune Staff Writer Kristen Inbody at 791-1490 or by email at email@example.com.


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POSTED: 6:18 p.m. HST, Sep 28, 2013
LAST UPDATED: 10:42 p.m. HST, Sep 28, 2013
Playing before an Aloha Stadium crowd of 25,256, the University of Hawaii football team lost 42-37 in tonight's Mountain West Conference game with No. 25-ranked Fresno State.
After building an 18-point advantage in the first half, Fresno State took the opening drive of the second and went 75 yards on nine plays for the score. Bulldogs quarterback Derek Carr found favorite target Josh Harper in the back of the end zone from 9 yards out and Colin McGuire added the PAT to make it 28-3 with 11:01 left in the third quarter.
Fresno State came back and scored again on its next series of the second half, this time going 68 yards on 10 plays. Marteze Waller scored his second touchdown from 1 yard out and McGuire added the PAT to make it 35-3 with 6:57 remaining in the third quarter.
Chris Gant gave Hawaii good field position with a 50-yard return on the ensuing kickoff, but two plays later Rainbow Warriors quarterback Ikaika Woolsey was picked off by L.J. Jones, who returned it untouched 56 yards for a score. McGuire made the PAT to give Fresno State a 42-3 lead with 6:15 left in the third.
Then Hawaii caught fire, scoring 34 unanswered points to get back in the game.
The Rainbow Warriors scored on their next series on a 3-yard run by Steven Lakalaka, his first in his collegiate career. Tyler Hadden added the PAT to cut Fresno State's advantage to 42-10 with 5:54 remaining in the third. The scoring play was set up on a 60-yard completion from Sean Schroeder to Chris Gant.
Schroeder replaced Woolsey, who was largely ineffective in his first start. The Californian completed seven of 19 for 56 yards and one interception. He rushed 12 times for 4 yards.
The Rainbow Warriors picked off a Carr pass on the next series and turned it into a touchdown. UH linebacker Art Laurel pulled down a batted pass and gave Hawaii the ball at Fresno's 43-yard line. Two plays later, Schroeder found Keith Kirkwood for a 23-yard score and Hadden hit the PAT to make it 42-17 with 3:22 remaining in the third.
Hawaii wasted little time scoring again early in the fourth quarter on a four-play, 68-yard drive by Schroeder. He hit Gant for 50 yards to set up a 16-yard scoring strike to Vasquez Haynes, his first touchdown of his collegiate career. Hadden added the PAT to make it 42-24 with 14:16 remaining in the game. Schroeder hit his first five passes for 168 yards and two touchdowns
The Warriors cut the margin to 12 on a 35-yard scoring pass from Schroeder to Billy Ray Stutzmann. The drive was set up on Fresno State's fifth turnover of the game, a fumble recovered by TJ Taimatuia. The try for 2 failed as Hawaii trailed 42-30 with 11:50 remaining.
Hawaii cut it to five on a nine-play, 80-yard drive that ended on a 1-yard run by Lakalaka and Hadden added the PAT to cut the margin to 42-37 with 7:51 left in the game.
Fresno State scored with ease early in the game as well. After forcing a rapid three and out on Hawaii's first possession, the Bulldogs went 53 yards on six plays to make it 7-0 with 12:08 left in the first quarter. Carr threw a 30-yard touchdown pass to Harper and McGuire added the PAT.
The Bulldogs extended their advantage to 14-0 with 6:01 remaining in the opening quarter on a 1-yard run by Waller as McGuire knocked the PAT through the uprights. After holding Hawaii on a fourth-down try, the Bulldogs marched 70 yards on 11 plays for the score.
Carr scored from 1 yard out on a fourth-and-goal keeper to cap a nine-play, 62-yard drive as McGuire made the PAT to extend the Bulldogs' lead to 21-0 with 13:05 left in the half. Carr appeared to have fumbled to set up the first and goal at the 1, but after a booth review the call on the field stood.
Hawaii finally got on the board on a 48-yard field goal by Hadden to cut the margin to 18 points with 3:16 remaining in the half. Hawaii had a first and 10 at the 15, but went steadily backwards from that point.


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Is Katy Perry Dating Diplo?
John Mayer, who?
Two months after ending her on-and-off relationship with the "Who You Love" singer, it looks like Katy Perry has moved on to another music man.
According to multiple outlets, she's just begun dating DJ-producer Diplo!
The two were first spotted together at Coachella in early April (photo below), but although they were with friends, Katy and Diplo paired off for a night on their own in New York City last Thursday for dinner and then The Amazing Spider-Man 2 afterparty.
Alesso, Racquel, racquel's friend, Diplo, Jared, and Katy Perry haging.. Racquel had been having fun eh? ^^ pic.twitter.com/VSNpoSMOSJ
— Avicii & EDM (@edm_avicii) April 15, 2014
Then on Sunday night, the "Dark Horse" singer was on-hand for Diplo's set at NYC club 1Oak, where she partied with Rihanna, and according to E! Online, the two danced in the DJ booth.
Do you think Katy and Diplo make a good couple?


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Bedford 39, Saline 21
TEMPERANCE — Bedford avenged its crushing loss to Saline last month by pulling away in the second half of its Class A District opener.
The Mules led only 14-12 at the half.
"The girls definitely wanted this one," said coach Bill Ryan. "Our defense was very stingy as was theirs. In the second half I just felt like we were in another zone."
Nicole Rightnowar had 17 points and 14 rebounds. Rachel Lewandowski shot 0-for-7 in the first half but drilled three 3-pointers and scored 11 points in the second. Mallory Sampson added 8 points. The Mules are 17-4.
Bedford will host Monroe in the semifinals at 7 p.m. Wednesday.


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For the second time in two weeks, Somerville police busted a heroin dealer in Davis Square in response to citizen and business complaints about drug activity in the square's busy plaza, Statue Park.
Angela Pisani was arrested July 20 in the Davis Square train station after drug unit detectives learned that "a white heavyset female about five feet tall wearing a blue shirt, named Angela would walk down Meacham Road and sell heroin," police said.
On July 16, a Somerville man was arrested in the area after investigators allegedly saw him make a hand to hand drug deal and found heroin in his pocket.
Pisani was arrested after she allegedly tried to swallow bags of heroin as Somerville Police detective James approached her.
When Hyde placed his finger in her mouth to retrieve the drugs, Pisani allegedly bit down on his finger and "thrashed about" in the station, police said. She allegedly spit up one bag of heroin.
Pisani, 38, of 190 Beach St., Malden, was arrested and charged with resisting arrest, assault and battery on a police officer, drug violation near a school or park, witness intimidation and possession of a class B drug with intent to distribute.
2 Responses to "Somerville's Davis Square plaza center of drug probe"
The city has ignored its' drug problem for way too long. We have lost dozens of kids to overdose or addiction and nothing is done. Call for a task force of parents and friends and they can tell you who's using and who's dealing. Most people can also tell you who's using/dealing in their neighborhoods. It is rampant, and it is not going to go away. Yet the city allowed CHA to close its' detox unit for financial reasons, now a year later they are 'improving' their facade. Yesterday I noticed an empty store front directly across from City Hall and Somerville High with a sign: coming sign, cash for gold. These are the kinds of places where addicts sell what they've stolen to buy drugs. When these stores start to pop up, you know you have a huge drug problem. The Somerville Police should be all over this, doing whatever they can to stop this store from opening, or at least monitor activity there carefully.
Wake up, Somerville………drug activity will certainly tarnish an 'All American City'!!
det. Hyde is a punk anyways!!! he has drug addicts work w himas imformints and lets them nuy and use drugs hes a punk but i agree w Sara about the detox closing and now those stores are opening! what is thos Chelsea?


text:
File photo.
With his latest column lambasting the British National Health Service (NHS), "UK health care lessons ignored" (July 12), Cal Thomas again shows his incorrigible ignorance and bias respecting government-assured health care for all. In his typical "evidence by anecdote" manner, he cites a chat in Scotland with a former NHS employee who says, "The main problem is that the NHS is seen as free on delivery to everyone."
Excuse me - "free on delivery to everyone" is not the problem, but the main asset of the highly popular NHS. By contrast in American health care, which Thomas extolls, over 40 million have no health insurance and those with insurance face ever-increasing co-pays and deductibles which thwart access to care.
Manifesting a "you'll be sorry" attitude, Thomas's acquaintance "predicts (Obamacare) will produce results similar to the UK." Don't we wish, given differences between the U.K. and the U.S. in major health measures such as infant mortality rates and life expectancy. "UK health care lessons ignored," (his own words) is precisely Thomas's problem!


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4. Use plastic bottles for liquids and only fill them 3/4 full to avoid any sqeeze or spill mess.
5. Use dry cleaning bags to cover all hung garments to prevent wrinkling.
6. Take a handful of freezer storage bags for wet soap.
7. Buy appropriate luggage for your kind of travel. Ask yourself- How often will this bag travel? How many days each trip? Carry-on or check? Check with the professional so they can help direct you to the right luggage for you and your needs.
8. Weigh your bag full at home so you don't have unpleasant surprises at the airport. Leave enough space in one of your bags in case you hit the weight restriction and have to shuffle your things.
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15. Carry extra copies of your passport, drivers license, and any other form of valid ID in a separate place other then on your person. And, if possible, give copies to someone who can mail them to you in an emergency.
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2. Anything of value to you monetarily or otherwise should be with you as carry-on or on you.
3. Keep sliders up top and in the middle in order to avoid damage.
4. Use a TSA approved lock to avoid damage to your bag.
Getting through the airline gate without hassle.
1-6, from wired.com
1.Do recon online. Security delays vary widely by concourse and terminal. Go to tsa.gov to find average wait times. If you're not checking bags, print your boarding pass at home and head to the fastest line. (Be sure your gate is accessible from that security checkpoint.)
2. Carry a messenger bag. The topside flap gives easy access to your laptop and Ziploc of liquids and gels while the pockets provide plenty of storage for alarm-trippers. As soon as you get in line, tuck your belt, wallet, keys, watch, and phone into the sack.
3. Wear laceless shoes. And holeless socks. Just think of all the foot fungi of travelers past. Or don't.
4. Go! After you pass ID screening, make a beeline to the shortest x-ray queue. Don't wait to be directed, and don't hesitate to bypass dawdlers. Not only will you get there faster, you'll keep the whole line moving.
5. Use only two bins. Place shoes, coat, and toiletries in the first bin; laptop in the second; followed by the messenger bag. Keep the roller on the floor, where it's easy to manage, until the last minute.
6. Dress strategically. Don your coat and shoes while waiting for your bags. Put on your belt and watch at the gate.
7. Carry medications in original bottles with labels to avoid security problems.
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belbroughton Twelfth Night party raised £700 for charity
Posted: January 25, 2014|
Comments (0)
THANK you very much to all those who supported Belbroughton History Society's Twelfth Night celebrations in the church hall on Saturday, January 11, which included entertainment by Ian Henery and Mick Pearson.
We will try to put on a Black Country themed night in our next season starting in September.
Bugle readers may be interested to know that we raised £500 for the Black Country Food Bank and £200 for Barnado's.
Kind regards.
John Penlington,
Belbroughton History Society.


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Resolution: standard / high
Figure 3.
Comparison of homologous annotation between pig and human. Pig clone CH242-196P11 was aligned to HSA6 by BES matches, and the clone was then sequenced [EMBL:CR956379]. The resulting annotation showed the expected homologues to known human genes present in the pig sequence as in human sequences [EMBL:AL035587, EMBL:AL158815, EMBL:AL136304]. Full gene annotation for CH242-196P11 is available in the EMBL entry. Red lines indicate regions of sequence homology with a 75% sequence similarity over the whole region. Figure generated using Artemis Comparison Tool [57].
Humphray et al. Genome Biology 2007 8:R139 doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-7-r139


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PITTSBURGH -- For the second time in as many seasons, the Brewers' Carlos Gomez has been involved in a benches-clearing incident.
The craziness occurred with two outs in the top of the third inning at PNC Park, after Gomez tripled off the wall in center field against Pirates starter Gerrit Cole.
Gomez appeared to drop the bat and take his time getting out of the box, apparently thinking he'd homered, but he started running shortly thereafter when it was apparent the ball wasn't going to make it over the wall.
Andrew McCutchen made a leaping try for the ball at the wall but fell, and Gomez slid into third base headfirst for a triple. Cole, over in the area to take the ball from third baseman Josh Harrison, appeared to have words for Gomez, who angrily ran off the base and toward Cole while yelling and gesturing.
Third-base umpire Jim Reynolds restrained Gomez momentarily as the benches and bullpens emptied, but Gomez then pulled away from Reynolds' grasp and touched off a huge melee in the infield.
Gomez was eventually tackled onto his back by the Pirates' Travis Snider in short left field, while other Brewers and Pirates players shoved and wrestled with each other.
The two sides eventually started separating, but Pirates catcher Russell Martin and Gomez began jawing at each other from afar, with Martin almost having to be carried off the field and into the dugout by his teammates.
Gomez and Snider both wound up being ejected after the umpires met with both managers. Brewers bench coach Jerry Narron also was ejected.
Last Sept.
Gomez eventually wound up in a nose-to-nose confrontation with McCann, who refused to let him touch home plate. Gomez was also ejected for his actions in the aftermath of that incident, as were first baseman Freeman and backup catcher Gerald Laird.
Gomez was suspended for one game for his role in that incident, along with Braves outfielder Reed Johnson.


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North Charleston Presents Holiday Children's Theatre Performance Dec. 9
Atlantic Coast Theatre for Youth will present "The Brave Tin Soldier" as part of the City of North Charleston Cultural Arts Department's Childrens Theatre Series on December 9 from 10-11am at the N...
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Meets the second and fourth Thursday of every month at 7:00 pm in the City Council Chambers of North Charleston City Hall, 2500 City Hall Lane, North Charleston, SC. Contact: Municipal Clerk Ellen ...
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North Charleston's FREE 4th of July Festival at Riverfront park features nationally recognized musical guest, family activities, and concludes with the largest fireworks display in the State.
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The Cultural Arts Department continues to sponsor programs/events and manage rental space at Sterett Hall at the Navy Yard, North Charleston Riverfront Park, as well as 2 locations in the Olde Village area of North Charleston. For rental information or to set an on-site appointment, please contact Richard Campbell at 843-740-5853. An event contract, which includes detailed information on spaces and fees, is available for download at the bottom of this page.
Sterett Hall is located on the former Charleston Naval Base, just off N. Hobson Avenue, approximately two blocks from the McMillan Avenue entrance. Facilities within Sterett Hall may be rented for use by individuals, guilds, civic groups, and public, private, or governmental agencies. There is ample parking in both the front and rear of the building.
The Sterett Hall Auditorium is a 960-seat theater-style space for events such as concerts, theatre productions, presentations, or large group meetings. The Auditorium features a proscenium stage with house and stage lighting, in-house sound equipment, and dressing rooms. The lobby is equipped with a ticket desk and sufficient room for registration tables or concessions. Both the Auditorium and the stage are handicap accessible.
Reception Hall
Located on the second floor of Sterett Hall is a Reception Hall with the capacity to hold approximately 200 people (150 banquet capacity). Rental of this space includes the use of 9 rectangle tables, 2 serving counters, 100 padded folding chairs, a piano, and a podium. Additional tables, chairs, and equipment may be rented at an additional cost based on availability. Events in the Reception Hall may be catered; however, alcohol is not permitted. An elevator lift is available for use by handicapped individuals and for deliveries.
Office Space & Meeting Rooms
Office space and meeting rooms are also located on the second floor of Sterett Hall. These spaces are available for one-time use or on an ongoing rental basis.
Adjacent to the Auditorium is the Sterett Hall Gymnasium, equipped with basketball goals, bleachers, and a separate weight room. The Gym is operated by the City of North Charleston Recreation Department and offers scheduled hours of usage for recreational teams, schools, and the public. Operating hours are Monday-Thursday, 8:30AM-8:00PM; Friday, 8:30-5:00PM; and Saturday, 9:00AM-1:00PM. The gym is closed on Sundays. Contact the Recreation Department at 843-740-5806 for more information.
Riverfront Park is open to the public year-round and has become a favorite destination for residents and visitors. Set on the banks of the beautiful Cooper River, the park is adjacent to the historic homes once occupied by Charleston Naval Base officers, surrounded by graceful grand oak trees and peaceful river vistas. The park boasts a magnificent contemporary Performance Pavilion, expansive lawn, and Picnic Shelter, which provide a wonderful outdoor setting for small and large scale events, such as the City's 4th of July Celebration, the North Charleston Arts Festival Grand Finale, concerts, festivals, family reunions, weddings, birthday parties, and more. Other park attractions include ten acres of walking paths, a fishing pier, a boardwalk, a fenced-in dog park, an oversized sandbox, and children's play fountain.
In addition, Riverfront Park is home to the Greater Charleston Naval Base Memorial, erected in honor of the countless military personnel and civilians that served the United States and the Greater Charleston region while the Charleston Navy Base was operational. The Memorial is the only location in the United States that displays both the Lone Sailor and the Homecoming statues. The park also hosts the North Charleston Cultural Arts Department's annual National Outdoor Sculpture Competition and Exhibition. The eleven month exhibition (May through March) features large-scale contemporary sculptures by established and emerging artists from across the country. Areas of the park available for rental through the Cultural Arts Department are the Performance Pavilion and lawn, the Picnic Shelter, and the boardwalk.
This general-use facility is located just around the corner from the Meeting Place at 4820 Jenkins Avenue. Formerly home to the Charleston Area Model Railroad Club, the building now hosts weekly film screenings by the Greater Park Circle Film Society. The one story concrete building features a large open room suitable for meetings, presentations, and small events. Free parking is available in the marked spaces lining Jenkins Avenue.
Quarters K was built in 1937 as Charleston Naval Base housing for officer families. Four identical homes were built near the bank of the Cooper River. The design of the living quarters mimics that of homes built near the Panama Canal during the early 20th Century. The layout of the interior included 3 upstairs bedrooms and 2 baths, and a distinctive "T" shape living area through the center of the home with large windows completely throughout the entire house.
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