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Washington girl fakes pregnancy for school project
Gaby Rodriguez of Toppenish, Washington, recently undertook a social experiment that has raised many questions regarding pregnancy among teens and young women in America. As part of a school project, she faked a pregnancy for months, wearing a fake stomach … Read more
Manila suburb sparks controversy with condom ruling
The wealthy Manila suburb of Alabang in the Philippines is making headlines with a recent ruling on contraceptives. Individuals in the region who want to purchase condoms must first obtain a prescription, according to The Washington Post. The ruling came … Read more
Prepping for college with the right gear
Students across the country may feel like they just got out of school, but the reality is that it's almost July. That leaves two months to start thinking about college and, whether young adults are starting out or heading back … Read more
Transformers 3′s sex advice
Transformers 3 has proven to be a blockbuster hit, a success that has followed two equally successful predecessors. While most of the movie is about explosions, fighting robots and saving the world, there is some time dedicated to the delicate … Read more
Pharmaceutical company recalls birth control pills following packaging error
Many sexually active couples make sure they take all of the preventative measures possible to protect themselves against any unwanted pregnancies. However, relying on one mode of protection is not always fool proof, which is why partners may want to … Read more
New York sex ed vids get real with teens about unsafe sex
A new series of web videos produced "by teens for teens" aims to educate young people about the dangers of unsafe sex. They have been getting a lot of attention, particularly because they take a down-to-earth approach that some may … Read more
Frequent masturbation correlates with safer sex
A new survey of American teens found that boys tend to masturbate more and start younger than girls, and the most – we'll say "enthusiastic" – of them actually participate in safer sex practices more often than their peers, according … Read more
Study suggests March is a busy time for teenage conception
As the snow begins to melt and the flowers start to bloom, spring is certainly a time where teenage boys may start noticing the short skirts that girls are sporting. In fact, spring is the time for a number of … Read more
Study examines how far birth control has come
Birth control has been a popular method for women who enjoy sex while not having to worry about getting pregnant. While the course of medicine has changed throughout the years to adapt to the newest methods, it seems as though … Read more
Myths and misinformation about contraceptives
While many schools and sexual health organizations strive to provide safer sex education to young adults, there may still be some people who have questions about STD facts or would like to receive condom tips. With a lack of sexual health … Read more
Clinic looks to educate on STD, pregnancy prevention
Teenagers typically have one thing on the brain – sex. But it's important that they're educated on the subject so they can make conscious decisions that will ensure that they're not putting their futures in jeopardy. The Northwest Georgia Public … Read more
Improper condom use an international problem
A recent study published in the journal Sexual Health suggests that around the globe, improper condom use is threatening sexual health. Researchers from The Kinsey Institute Condom Use Research Team found that the improper use of condoms is a widespread, … Read more
Male birth control pill on the horizon?
There has been much discussion about a version of oral contraceptives that would be taken by men rather than women, but so far nothing material has come of it. Now, a team of scientists at the University of Kansas School … Read more
Relationship Myths and the Truths Behind Them
If you've had your fair share of long-term relationships, you probably think you know everything there is to know about having a boyfriend or girlfriend. Read more


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What is a pre-order anyway?
Started Mar 23, 2012 | Discussions thread
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Regular Member • Posts: 349
What is a pre-order anyway?
Mar 23, 2012
Doesn't it seem logical that pre-orders should be filled before an item hits the shelf?
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Search information pages
1. What is BMC Bioinformatics?
BMC Bioinformatics is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of the development, testing and novel application of computational and statistical methods for the modeling and analysis of all kinds of biological data, as well as other areas of computational biology.
BMC Bioinformatics is part of the BMC series which publishes subject-specific journals focused on the needs of individual research communities across all areas of biology and medicine. We offer an efficient, fair and friendly peer review service, and are committed to publishing all sound science, provided that there is some advance in knowledge presented by the work.
BMC series - open, inclusive and trusted.
All articles are available online, and in addition the website offers many other services:
- Quick and advanced search facilities.
- RSS feed, to deliver our latest articles directly to your news headline reader.
- Email articles directly to your friends and colleagues.
- Post a comment on an article, to add your opinion.
For details of the scope and types of article published by BMC Bioinformatics see About BMC Bioinformatics
- What is BMC Bioinformatics?
- Why submit to BMC Bioinformatics?
- What is Open Access?
- If my article is published, how will it be cited?
- If my article is published, which bibliographic databases will it be indexed in?
- How can I order reprints?
- What is the copyright policy of BMC Bioinformatics?
- Do I need permission to reproduce materials published in BMC Bioinformatics?
- What are the benefits of registering on the journal website?
- Is there a printed version of the journal?
- How can I ensure that I receive BMC Bioinformatics's emails?
- What is BioMed Central?


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Pop art sculpture. The desirable Hermès Birkin bag. What happens when these two icons unite? One hot-ticket auction item comes up for grabs.
Image via Style.com
Artist Jeff Koons customized Birkins and worked them into one-of-a-kind sculptures, which will sell to the highest bidders over the weekend in New York City. But these aren't your average Birkins (as if such a thing even exists). Notable personalities donated the bags for this project, including Sofia Coppola, Marc Jacobs, and Diane von Furstenberg.
The winners of these covetable pieces won't just have new décor for their living rooms – they'll also be benefiting Project Perpetual, an art philanthropy that supports the United Nations Foundation.
By Susie Kostaras, Associate Content Editor
What do you think of this Koons-Birkin pairing? Tweet us at @ruelala.
Not a Member and like The (Style) Guide? You'll love Rue La La. Join now.


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November 26, 2015
KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (WVLT) -- Authorities have identified the couple killed in a single car wreck on I-40 Westbound in Knoxville late Wednesday afternoon. Phillip and Elizabeth Wyatt were killed when their Hyundai Tuscon went off the Interstate near the Papermill Dr. exit around 4:30 p.m.
The investigation into the wreck is ongoing, according to a Knoxville Police spokesperson, but initial reports indicate the SUV crossed over the median, struck a pole, and flipped over.
The crash backed up rush hour traffic in both directions along the Interstate as well as on the Papermill Dr. and Weisgarber Rd. exits.
The spokesperson noted that the driver, sixty year-old Phillip Wyatt, was not wearing a seatbelt, while his wife Elizabeth was.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Updated 08/19/2013
This complex on the hills overlooking Hakone offers more than the average onsen. In addition to all the water-based attractions, there is a shopping mall modeled on a European outdoor market, a swimsuit rental shop, a massage salon, and game center. The park is divided into two main zones, called Yunessun and Mori no Yu ("Forest Bath"). In the Yunessun side, you need to wear a swimsuit, and can visit somewhat tacky re-creations of Turkish and ancient Roman baths. You can also take a dip in coffee, green tea, sake, or red wine. It is all a bit corny, but fun. Younger visitors will enjoy the waterslides on "Rodeo Mountain." In the more secluded Mori no Yu side, you can go au naturel in a variety of indoor and outdoor, single-sex baths. When signing in at reception, get a waterproof digital wristband that allows you to pay for lockers and drink machines within the complex.
1297 Ninotaira Hakone-machi, Hakone, Kanagawa-ken, 250–0407, Japan
Website: www.yunessun.com/english
Sight Details:
Updated 08/19/2013
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UT Tyler School of Education
John Lamb, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Education
Department: UT Tyler School of Education
Building: BEP 229
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 903.566.7390
Ph.D. Secondary Education minor in Mathematics – Mississippi State University
M.Ed. Mathematics – Mississippi College
B.S. Mathematics minor in Education – Mississippi College
Courses Taught
ELED 4213 - Teaching Mathematics in the Elementary School
EDUC 5301 - Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences
EDUC 5335 - Classroom Management and Discipline
Research and Professional Interests
The Culture of Rural Education
Conceptual versus Procedural Mathematical Knowledge
Constructivist Methods of Mathematics Instruction


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Out & About: Rita Ora & Beyoncé Relax At 'Made In America'
Pop starlet Rita Ora performed at Jay-Z's 'Made In America' festival held at Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania over the weekend rocking the crowd with a number of hits.
After leaving the stage, the 21-year-old singer spent some time with Beyoncé, Jay-Z, Ty Ty Smith and her sister Elena in celebration of her debut album 'ORA,' which has reached the No.1 spot on the U.K. album charts.
Ora tweeted, "Thank you #ORAisNumberONE"
In other Rita Ora news, the singer recently declared that her No.1 hit single 'R.I.P.' was not written for her label mate Rihanna.
She said, "'R.I.P.' wasn't written for Rihanna. But even if it was played to her, I don't care. As soon as I heard it, I said it was mine. I was going to fight for that song. And I was right – it went to Number One."
Check Out Photos Of Rita Ora & Beyoncé At 'Made In America' Below:
Watch Rita Ora Perform 'How We Do (Party)' At Made In America 2012 Below:


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Get Away From Here Low
Posted: 09/16/2009 - There is an area of low pressure that has been the focus of my forecast over the last several days. Gues what.... it's still out there!
Posted: 09/16/2009 - There is an area of low pressure that has been the focus of my forecast over the last several days. Gues what.... it's still out there!
Posted: 09/15/2009 - There were a few areas across extreme southern KY that received Tuesday's rains. More could be on the way and spread further to the north over the next few days.
Posted: 09/14/2009 - After running through several nice days in a row it looks as if the rain will be returning to Kentucky.
Posted: 09/11/2009 - Such a fitting title since most of us begin thinking about the weekend during the weekend on Sunday. I know I always do!
Posted: 09/08/2009 - All good things come to an end and that's what happened to my vacation. It ended and I am back here ready to get back to business!
Posted: 08/28/2009 - The cool fall like temps will be back next week!
Posted: 08/25/2009 - The heat was a little more noticeable on Tuesday and you will find it a little easier to notice on Wednesday. This will be a shortlived thing!
Posted: 08/24/2009 - There is a taste of summer... in some form... coming our way! The winds will begin to turn from the south and that means highs will have the chance to climb back into the mid & upper 80s.
Posted: 08/20/2009 - All I keep thinking about is this really nice weekend that is quickly approaching! High humidity, daily rounds of rain, and very cloudy skies are on the way out!
Posted: 08/19/2009 - Each time I walk outside after the sun goes down... I get slapped with the juice in the atmosphere!
Posted: 08/18/2009 - There is at least a chance of showers for the rest of the week.
Posted: 08/13/2009 - If you didn't go outside on Thursday afternoon then you missed a great chance to feel a comfy day. The last one of the week!
Posted: 08/12/2009 - Once again the heavy rains cause major problems for folks in eastern Kentucky. This has been a wet year!
Posted: 08/10/2009 - This streak of heat has finally put summer back on the map. It had nearly been forgotten, but it has made a return!
Posted: 08/06/2009 - I have mentioned this in about every single post this week and this one will be no different. Sunshine & heat will both be here this weekend!
Posted: 08/05/2009 - This summer has been pretty cool. The end of this week/weekend has all kinds of potential!
Posted: 08/04/2009 - It looks like the chance of rain will stick around for a couple more days.
Posted: 08/03/2009 - The rain will return on Tuesday. There is a chance we could see some stronger storms come rolling our way as well.
Posted: 07/24/2009 - The great debate over when it will get wet is now on for the weekend. The answer is...
Posted: 07/23/2009 - After reviewing some of the temp data for June & July I have learned.. officially... what many of us presumed all along... it's a cool summer!
Posted: 07/22/2009 - Timing meant everything with the clouds and rain. The showers that moved into Kentucky kept everything cool.
Posted: 07/21/2009 - Rain will slowly work across Kentucky on Wednesday. It will actually be a nice thing to see some widespread rainfall.
Posted: 07/20/2009 - Last week's flip-flop schedule threw me out of whack. This week I will get things back to normal.
Posted: 07/15/2009 - When I work the old spilt shift it gets kind of hard for me to write a post because I am usually trying to find any spare moment to sleep! I have a quick one for you though.
Posted: 07/08/2009 - The daytime highs climbed for many of us on Wednesday. Thursday will include daytime highs in the mid and upper 80s. By the weekend we could be talking about 90!


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Tuesday Apr.1, 2014
GH marks its 51st anniversary show with love, life and nostalgia. With the knowledge of AJ's shooter weighing on them both, Carly and Sonny bond and reflect on their stormy history. Bobbie learns that Noah is in love with someone else, while Lucy is determined to end her affair with Scott for good.


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- Filed Under
It had never happened before - not in high school, junior high or Pop Warner ball.
It just so happened Daniel Moffett saved his first three-interception game for the best possible time, as far as Dixie State was concerned.
Starved for a victory, antsy for some sort of tangible result for their efforts, the Red Storm emerged victorious Saturday against Humboldt State in Arcata, Calif., improving their record to 1-3 (1-2 in Great Northwest play) and in the process, perhaps, saving their season. ...


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Fall Leaves Wedding
- Uploaded By ShaunPepe
- 2011-01-23 22:13:17
A fall themed wedding cake for a friend of mine in which I was also a bridemaid in the wedding. The bottom 2 tiers are fake, while the top is chocolate with vanilla buttercream. The leaves are fondant and handpainted with powder colour. It was the first time I made leaves like these and they took forever. But I was happy with how they turned out.
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This weekend I'm commuting to a work conference car free. The ride is 150 miles and I will camp roughly half way, not really because the distance is too far but really just to try something new. This will be my first overnight road tour.
I outfitted my full carbon Lemond with Carradice Nelson Longflap and BagMan Expedition rack. I was able to get all my gear in the Carradice except for my sleeping bag. I really don't like the sleeping bag set up so I will look for something better tomorrow. I hope it works out.
Full weight, sans water, according to my bathroom scale is 33 pounds. Not too bad. If I had a bit more room there are a few other things I would like to take. Next time...
Here's the gear:
and the kitchen:
Gear List:
Sleeping Bag: Marmot Arroyo 35 deg (~16oz)
Sleeping Pad: Big Agnes something or other off Steep and Cheap
Tent: Six Moon Designs Gatewood Cap silnyon poncho tarp, carbon pole, 6" Easton stakes
Stove: DIY Cat food can
Pot/Bowl: DIY Heineken can with bobble warp for insulation and aluminum flashing for windscreen
Utensil: Lexan spoon
Fenix LED flashlight for camp and lights at night
old school Black Diamond LED headlamp
Solar charger to charge the Garmin
Riding clothes for day 2
Camp clothes
Food: Beef Stew, instant Oatmeal dried cherries, Tarder Joes Cashews, Almonds, Dried Cranberry packets, Hammer Perpetuem x6 scoops, Hammer Recoverite, sunscreen, EleteWater, wheat fig bars for day 2
Odds and Ends: Biofreeze, Bag Balm, pack towel


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Three times before, Ron Capps has gone into the final drag racing meet of the season with a shot to win the National Hot Rod Association's coveted Funny Car championship.
Three times he has failed.
Come Sunday afternoon in Pomona, Capps will have a fourth shot at the title that has eluded the 47-year-old Carlsbad resident.
Does he feel desperation? Is he fearful that time is running out on a dream he's had since his childhood?
"It would be a travesty for me if we don't win this year knowing what we have done," Capps said this week. "It would be nice to have that championship.
"At the same time, whatever is going to happen, is going to happen. I don't feel desperate. It's a crazy sport. What I do know is that we are prepared and that this is the best shot I've ever had given where we are and how we got here."
Capps enters Sunday's Auto Club Finals in Pomona trailing teammate Jack Beckman by four points in the Funny Car division — a nitromethane-burning class of car that produces 6,000 horsepower in short bursts of dazzling speed and ear-stretching sound.
But Capps is coming off a win at Las Vegas when he defeated Beckman in a head-to-head match for the championship. And he's had the best record on the circuit since Rahn Tobler became his crew chief four events into the season — rising from ninth to second in the standings with five wins and eight championship-round appearances.
"It's different this time from the first three shots," said Capps. "I feel I have a better chance with Rahn preparing the car underneath me. And the weather conditions should be to our liking."
Drag racing is unique among motorsports. It is a series of 1,000-foot sprints rather than a 500-mile marathon. And every race is a win-or-go-home elimination match. It takes four wins to take an event. But points will also be compiled, starting Thursday, during the three days of qualifying leading up to Sunday's Auto Club finals.
Beckman's four-point lead could disappear before Sunday, although his forte has been amassing points during qualifying.
"The goal is to erase the lead before Sunday," said Capps. "Make it so that the title goes to the driver who goes farthest on Sunday."
And there's always a chance that it could come down to a head-to-head match between Capps and Beckman — as soon as the first round after 11 a.m. Sunday or as late as the finals (a la Las Vegas).
"I hate relying on someone else to beat Jack and win the title for us," said Capps, who is 4-2 in head-to-head runs against Beckman this season and 2-1 against Beckman during the NHRA's Countdown to the Championships playoffs.
Though Capps has never won a season championship, he has finished second three times — in 1998 and 2000 to John Force and by eight points to Gary Scelzi in 2005 — and third three times. Capps has 38 career victories — the second-most ever by a driver who has never won a season title.
There is another question facing Capps. If he doesn't win the title this year, will he ever? He is 47 and on the downside of a career that took off when he joined the legendary Don Prudhomme for the 1996 season.
"I waffle between 'Gosh, this could be it' and 'We're getting better and closer,' " said Capps.
"One thing I know is that mentally, I'm more comfortable than I've ever been in this situation. In Las Vegas two weeks ago, I was calm all day although I knew a bad race would put me out of the points race.
"I was surprised how calm I was, knowing how much pressure there was. I'm trying to enjoy it. Actually, I'm enjoying it more than I did in the past. I am really trying to enjoy the moment."
Though he is one of the more versatile drivers in racing — he has raced in Midgets and sports cars and was in consideration for a berth in the International Race of Champions Series just before the IROC folded — drag racing has been part of Capps' life since he started walking. Both his parents raced out of San Luis Obispo.
"I remember standing at the ropes in front of Don Garlits' pits at the Winternationals when I was about eight or nine," said Capps. "He dropped a wrench. I picked it up and handed it to Big Daddy. He said 'thanks' and patted me on the back. That sealed the deal."


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Welcome to
Puget Sound Rain Gardens
Goal: 12,000 Rain Gardens by 2016
Rain Garden Counter
Register Your Rain Garden
Rain Garden Workshop for Professionals
When: November 12 and 14 (half-day), 2014
Location: TBD
Cost: $85 early registration before October 31, $100 after October 31
What is a rain garden?
A rain garden acts like a native forest by collecting, absorbing, and filtering stormwater runoff from roof tops, driveways, patios, and other areas that don't allow water to soak in. Rain Gardens are simply shallow depressions that:
- Can be shaped and sized to fit your yard
- Are constructed with soil mixes that allow water to soak in rapidly and support healthy plant growth
- Can be landscaped with a variety of plants to fit the surroundings
(Rain Garden Handbook for Western Washington Homeowners, Curtis Hinman, Washington State University)
Cleaning Up Puget Sound
Rain gardens can help clean up the Sound and protect aquatic life. When it rains or snows, more water flows from developed areas than undisturbed areas, carrying oil, fertilizers, pesticides, sediment and other pollutants downstream. In fact, stormwater is the #1 polluter of Puget Sound according to the Puget Sound Partnership - the state agency responsible for the health of the Sound. The added volume of water and associated contaminants are damaging water resources and harming aquatic life. Rain gardens, by infiltrating stormwater into the ground, clean the water and slow its travel to the Sound. View the WSU Rain Garden Video. (EPA Storm Water Technology Fact Sheet: Bioretention, 1999)
Low Impact Development
Rain gardens are one of the most versatile and effective tools in a new approach to managing stormwater called Low Impact Development (LID). A LID project may incorporate several tools to soak up rain water, reduce stormwater runoff, and filter pollutants. Examples of these tools are permeable paving, compost-amended soils, vegetated roofs, rain water collection systems, and rain gardens. (Rain Garden Handbook for Western Washington Homeowners, Curtis Hinman, Washington State University)
Build Your Own
Blogging for Rain Gardens
October 14, 2013 - The new Rain Garden Manual for Western Washington is out. It has the step by step information that you need to build a rain garden.
June 5, 2013 - A list of landscape professionals that have completed a training workshop jointly sponsored by WSU, Snohomish Conservation District and the City of Everett is posted on the Homeowners Resources page. Click on the apprpriate button on the left hand side of the page. Professional help can make the job easier.
October 18, 2012 - Today is the 40th anniversary of the federal Clean Water Act. Oregon Public Broadcasting looked back on the Act to see what has happened to water quality. Their article called How Did We Get Into Such a Mess with Stormwater has video and pictures of their investigation. Another very relevant article is titled If Green Roofs and Rain Gardens are so Great Why Aren't There More?
August 17, 2012 - The Kitsap County Conservation District has sent over their list of rain garden installations. The county is up to 56 rain gardnes! Congratulations on the good work over the last few years.
The weather has been hot. Remeber if you have installed a rain garden in the last year, it likely needs some supplemental water. Gardens need a few years to get established before they can stand on their own.
February 7, 2012 - Start looking for rain garden tours and classes at this time of year. It's time to plan your rain garden. Find resources here and at 12000raingardens.org.
November 13, 2011 - In the Green Market column of today's Seattle Times Pacific Northwest section, there is a list of "environmentally conscious things you can do that you can do that will benefit the communities that you hold close." Rain gardens, rain barrels and other low-impact development techniques to intercept stormwater before it rushes into the storm drains are touted as one of those "things" to do.
September 12, 2011 - The 12,000 Rain Gardens program and WSU's rain garden research was in the news again last week. Read the article and view the video.
September 9, 2011 - This Old House Magazine has a feature story on Puyallup Rain Gardens. The WSU/Stewardship Partners 12,000 Rain Garden Project is referenced. Though they have a good how-to companion article, it is best to also refer to the WSU video and manual above. (Submitted by Erica Guttman)
August 30, 2011 - Come see rain gardens installed and the Gardening with Ciscoe radio program live in Everett at Lombard Ave. and 14th St. on September 24th, 10:00am.
July 25 - Though mid-summer may not be the ideal time to install a rain garden, it can easily be done. Forming the rain garden can be easier, but you have to remember to water the plants regularly to get them established.
June 23 - The Department of Ecology is looking at implementing stricter stormwater regulations that rely on low impact development techniques like rain gardens. See the proposals at Ecology's website.
June 11 - A dozen and a half rain gardens were registered last month. There are a number of major installation events this summer. Go to the 12,000 Rain Gardens site for more information.
April 20 - A new Puget Sound focused website has been created by WSU and Stewardship partners to help achieve the 12,000 rain gardens goal. You can hear and read the public radio news story.
April 13 - 500 rain gardens! A great start on the goal of having 12,000 rain garden around Puget Sound by 2016. Each rain garden reduces the pollution reaching Puget Sound and reduces erosion and sedimentation.
April 9 - King County has revealed plans for rain gardens and swales in the West Seattle area to reduce overflows into the Sound from their combined sewer/stormwater pumping station. Read about it.
March 26 - View the new WSU rain garden video.
March 24 - April has a lot of Rain Garden class offering. Click to the Classes Page to find one near you.
March 14 - Several dozen individuals toured 7 different homes with retrofitted Low Impact Development elements (including rain gardens) on March 12th. Most were learning for the first time about onsite stormwater management techniques.
February 25 - Rain garden and low impact development methods for homeowners are the focus of a home tour in south Snohomish County on March 12th, 10am - 4pm.
January 3 - Stewardship Partners has a new clickable map that shows pictures of dozens of newly installed rain gardens in south Puget Sound. A source of ideas for anyone thinking about installing a rain garden.
December 20 - Washington State University Extension and Stewardship Partners will kick-off a Puget Sound wide outreach program to build rain gardens. Look for more information in January.
December 1 - The City of Everett will be partnering with WSU Extension, the Conservation District and Stewardship Partners to pilot a rain garden program as a partial solution to north Everett flooding issues.
March 4 - Stewardship Partners has a new series of rain garden workshops coming up in King and Pierce counties. See the Classes page.
February 15 - The City of Seattle has kicked off their Rain Wise program. http://rainwise.seattle.gov Ballard residents can be paid for installing rain gardens. See a Feb. 11th news story.
January 25 - Want to see some nearby rain gardens? Click on the Rain Garden Profiles button on the left side menu bar. If you know of a rain garden that isn't listed, send us information at email@example.com.
December 29 - Welcome to the Puget Sound Rain Gardens page! This is where you can find all the information to build a rain garden, link to experts and to register your rain garden in the fight to reduce pollution flowing into the Puget Sound.
September 25 - Register your rain garden! We want to get existing rain gardens registered so we know where we are in the region's goal of reach 12,000 rain gardens over the next few years. Go to the rain gardens Registriation Page to see how simple it is.
September 24 - What are the primary issues facing installers of rain gardens? In a review of 9 rain garden installations, Snohomish County Surface Water Management found the two most frequent issues were: 1. The ponding area of the garden was not level so the water pooled in one section and, 2. The overflow was too low preventing optimum infitration.
August 21 - Can I plant a rain garden right now? Yes. You will have to water to help plants establish. Fall is ideal because plants will require less water. Compost amended soil is critical for long term plant health.
July 19 - Why are native plants always recommended? As a category of plants, they have a high survival rate and a lower maintenance requirement. Long term functionality of your rain garden needs to be a consideration in its design.
June 1 - Can I put in a rain garden at this time of year with the hot weather? Sure, if you know that the area perks well in the winter and you are willing to water the rain garden plants until the winter rains come. Plants need to be established with a good root structure before they can survive summer on their own.
May 27th - Did you know that you can register your rain garden using your cell phone? This site is designed to be mobile friendly. To register your garden or one that you installed click on Rain Garden Registration button in the left hand column.
May 22nd – With our wet spring weather, it is easy to see how water runoff from our homes and neighbor hood streets rushes, at times, to the nearest storm drain. Often you can see the debris that is transported by the water. Now is the time to be thinking about a rain garden for your home. We have classes coming up. Current offerings are always available by clicking on "Classes" on the left side of the page. WSU also has the Rain Garden Manual for Homeowners.
As you plan your rain garden, e-mail us if a question arises. We will answer questions as promptly as we can in this blog.


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All moms make sacrifices
Wyatt started solids a couple of weeks ago!
The first two times, he had no problem eating his rice cereal. But the next few days, he refused to even open his mouth for the grain. I suspected he didn't care for rice cereal (can you blame him?) so we decided to move to sweet potatoes. And what do you know? He cannot get enough of them!
I called his pediatrician before we stopped the rice cereal, though. I wasn't sure if there was a medical reason he needed to start with cereal or not. The nurse asked if he was exclusively breast-fed (EBF). Minus the formula he needed on his third day of life, reflux meds for 4 months, and an ounce of apple juice he needed after 10 days of constipation (yeah…), he has been EBF.
I told the nurse this and she said, "wow, I hope he appreciates the sacrifices you made for him one day!" (For the record, she asked if he was EBF because EBF babies need more iron after 6 months, hence why iron-fortified rice cereal is often recommended.)
The nurse's comment kind of shocked me. One, because she's a nurse. Two because, well, breast-feeding has luckily been really easy for Wyatt and I. The first two weeks he had trouble latching on and staying awake enough to eat, but since then it's been wonderful. I never had any pain, I have a good supply, pumping isn't that bad, he enjoys eating, and it comforts him. I actually think moms who use formula make way more sacrifices when compared to me. I don't have to buy, mix, heat up formula or clean bottles (unless we chose to give him a pumped bottle). I just stick my boob in his mouth and that's that.
But the real reason the nurse's comment irked me was because it's just another example of moms being pinned against one another. Everyone has (strong) opinions of what's the best way to parent.
I am so, so sick of hearing that "breast is best". That working moms are the only ones who have it tough. That those who let their babies cry it out are cruel. That moms who use Baby Led Weaning are "asking" for their child to choke. That parents who co-sleep love their babies more. I can go on and on, and I'm sure every mother out there has heard these comments and so many more.
Can we just stop with the arguing and black and white thinking? All moms make sacrifices and no one has it easy. We're each doing the best we can. There isn't one right way to parent; there are millions of right ways. It takes a village to raise a child, and it would probably benefit that child if the villagers were a little kinder to one another and more open-minded. <3
Everyone it seems is so prone to dramatics about EVERYTHING- I agree with you- let's just take it easy with the judgments! Life would be easier if we all just relaxed a bit, hah!
Amen, sister!
Yes there are a million ways to raise a child. It's amazing to me that my close mom friends and I have all had different birth stories and every single one of us does something different with eating, sleeping, etc. And it all works for everyone!
Yes! Thank you for saying this.
I think we might need to try sweet potatoes, M is not digging the oatmeal.
He looks so cute scarfing down that food!
W looks sooo much like his dad, it's adorable!!
Yes! I love this post, thank you!
I always wonder why people feel like they can express their opinions so freely on what is best for your child! Do what is best for your child. Although I am a huge avocate for breastfeeding if you can I would never push that or anything else on others who did different.
As far as rice cereal everyone thinks different, there are other ways to get iron. My daughter hated it and it made her so constipated we still have yet to finish a both and she is 2 1/2! We swicthed to oatmeal and added in fruits/veggies. I soon was pureeing "real" food for her since she seemed to only want food with flavor.
Yay, yay, yay! Thank you for this post. SO TRUE!!!
I skipped the rice cereal and currently doing oatmeal. I'm going to wait a few more weeks (M is 2 weeks younger than your W) and then try some sweet potato and avocado.
I would tend to agree with you that formula feeding has more time sacrifices than EBF. I do a mix of the both and find that formula can be more of a pain – especially when travelling. When I have a track meet, I pump up a bottle of BM and it is ready to go – unlike formula where I have to worry about time/chilling it, etc.
Wish there was a LIKE button on this post :). At L's 1st pedi appointment, the doctor made me cry when she got mad about me about giving him formula. She said I was giving up too soon on BFing, etc… Needless to say, we switched doctors immediately.
Agree! Babies are just small humans. There could never be one perfect way to raise a baby, just like there is no one perfect way to *be* human.
Love this!!!!
Thank you for this……I just wrote about how great it is to be pushing the double jogger while on a run and have passers by give me a thumbs up or a "way to go mama!" Why can't we all support each other all the time?
Ahhh guilt!!! Our LO is failing to gain weight so I was asked to supplement with one bottle of formula a day. You have no idea the amount of internal struggle, guilt/ shame I had to deal with. I should feel guilty if I don't provide her with everything possible to thrive and park my own feelings and desire to exclusively breastfeed untill our circumstances allows us too. Mothers do make sacrifices all the time, a friend of mine advised that I'll live my whole parenthood feeling guilty about one thing or another, so I better choose wisely n brush the small things aside.
Thunderous applause from me. This post pretty much sums up all of my feelings on the Time magazine controversy. Why can't we have an article celebrating how "mom enough" EVERY mom is? Why do we need yet another fire waiting to erupt over co-sleeping vs. cry it out, EBF vs. formula, SAHM vs. working moms?
Great job on this post!
Just to say, thank you for this post.
Great post… glad to see your little one is loving some sweet potatoes. We have a 7 month old girl and she is moving her way through solids. I don't think my wife would appreciate me putting on the interwebs whether or not we EBF… but yes, all women (and dads) make sacrifices in raising a child, period. It doesn't just revolve around their diet. Great job mom. Keep doing your thing.
What do you mean by "she's a nurse"?
I echo several other comments by saying again, "Amen!" I have 2 girls, and each one is so different. They were different as babies, and they are still different now. My ideas about breast feeding, getting babies to sleep, etc. all changed once I had baby #2. We as mothers have to simply do what works sometimes!
According to kellymom, that iron info is wrong: http://kellymom.com/nutrition/vitamins/iron/
What a fantastic post Jen! So true! Before I had my first child I have to admit that I was pretty judgemental of how other people parented their children but now that I have two of my own, I am like 'whatever works and makes you and your children/family happy'. It's so exciting to see their reaction to different solid foods! Good luck!
The great thing about parenting (I assume, as I have no children) is that YOU get to make the decisions regarding your children's future… I can only suspect that that is also a very HARD part of parenting too! You can read as much/little as you want, listen to others out there/or not…. and then listen to your own intuition.
Amen, sister!
Liking this post a lot- as a formula feeding mom who just wasn't able to get breastfeeding going I really struggled with judging myself and feeling judged by others. My son is doing very well- what else really matters?
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Cameron Carpenter's fashion sense draws as much attention as his unconventional organ arrangements.
- Filed Under
Flamboyant and talented, Cameron Carpenter is a breath of fresh air in the staid world of concert organists. You might say he's the Liberace of organists, which makes him a perfect fit to kick off Midwest Fashion Week.
The 31-year-old Carpenter earned bachelor's and master's degrees from the renowned Juilliard School in New York. The musician known for his liberal lifestyle made an unanticipated turn and became artist-in-residence at Middle Collegiate Church in New York's East Village from 2008-2009. But he made his name with unconventional dress and unusual interpretations of ...


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Jamie-Leigh's Review of OSMUW
Posted by Kate Agar in Atomics
Atomic: Jamie-Leigh
Age: 16
One Seriously Messed-Up Week is probably the funniest book I have ever read. From the very first page you are laughing and continue laughing for the rest of the book.
This book is about a 15 year old boy who faces the difficulties of growing up like bullies, passing his GCSEs and getting the girl of his dreams.
Throughout the book I was consistently laughing and couldn't put the book down until the last page. One Seriously Messed-Up Week is definitely worth a read and will keep you entertained until the very last page. Anyone over the age of 13 will enjoy this book; I guarantee it!
Want to read another review or find out more about the book? Head here!


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Rathan Kamireddy wrote:
Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
Sumit Bisht wrote:
Rathan Kamireddy wrote:
Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
Can you confirm the presence of the table ?
Also, please try querying without using hibernate (from console/ using jdbc)
Anurag Verma wrote:can you provide or verify your database configurations are correct & the database and table exists?
William P O'Sullivan wrote:Well of course you will not be able to insert into a table that does not exist.
Also beware that the schema used may default to your own userid, if you do not provide one.
As for the application not being able to create the table, that could be permissions and authorities.
Our enterprise apps can CRUD all day long but cannot Alter or create any DB entities.
William P O'Sullivan wrote:Great to hear...
You may have to talk to the DBAs or issue GRANTs.
If not, then your hibernate may have a missing parameter.
I see the "create" in your config. Maybe it needs something else.
I personally never create db entities unless in a test/dev/in-memory mode.
Too many problems can occur, and I want to control my DB.


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Generous praise for new metro police chiefComment on this story
Metro Reporter
NEWLY APPOINTED Tshwane metro police chief Steve Ngobeni has received the backing of executive mayor Kgosientso Ramokgopa.
Ngobeni was unveiled as the new metro police chief at the council's monthly meeting yesterday.
The public announcement and inauguration of Ngobeni was expected to take place this afternoon at the metro police headquarters, corner WF Nkomo Street (Church Street) and Es'kia Mphahlele Drive (DF Malan Drive), Pretoria West.
The event will also include the parade and posting of 70 new superintendents who were employed recently and have just completed a month-long supervisors' course at the metro police academy.
Ramokgopa praised Ngobeni, saying he had managed to uplift himself.
"He started as a security officer and gave 17 years of his life to the metro police.
"He managed to obtain a degree and his achievements sent hope to a cleaner that he/she can also uplift him/herself.
"We will have a big parade tomorrow (today) and we need to show our support (for him)," he said.
Ramokgopa said Ngobeni was a simple and unassuming person who had not harboured any ambitions of occupying the position.
The mayoral committee member for community safety, Terence Mashego, said he was confident that Ngobeni would bring stability to the metro police.
"He has shown during his five months as acting chief that he can do the job. "We are aware that he will bring discipline to the force," said Mashego.
DA councillor Derek Fleming praised Ngobeni, saying he had shown leadership qualities.
"I recently phoned him after an incident outside my home, and his officers were there within minutes," said Fleming. DA spokeswoman on community safety Karen Meyer said: "He is a good person, but I feel there are more senior metro officers who could have been appointed to the position."
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Victory Printing & Design
Victory Printing is located in Kingsley, MI. We provide full service offset and digital printing.
We are small business - and we strive to help your business of any size save on your bottom line. Call us to see how much we can save you on your projects.
Some of the types of products we offer are: Letterhead/Envelopes/Business Cards, carbonless forms, brochures, pads, booklets, reports, banners, signs and vehicle graphics.
Are you a print broker and need a someone that can offer you quality printing at a competitive price? Contact us.
Phone: 231-409-3713
Pardon the simple website - It's another way to pass savings on to you.


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|Measures of exposure to secondhand smoke: recent developments.
MedLine Citation:
|PMID: 23047888 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher
|About a third of the world's population is exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS), despite reductions in smoking prevalence in many countries. Accurate, cost-effective measures of exposure are needed in investigations of the health risks associated with SHS, and in studies of interventions to extend smoke-free environments. There have been important developments in the use of questionnaires, air quality monitoring and biomarkers, but still, there is no single, gold standard assessment of exposure to SHS. Choice of measure depends on circumstances, including cost, scale and time window.
|Alistair Woodward
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Publication Detail:
|Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-10-9
Journal Detail:
|Title: Tobacco control Volume: - ISSN: 1468-3318 ISO Abbreviation: Tob Control Publication Date: 2012 Oct
Date Detail:
|Created Date: 2012-10-10 Completed Date: - Revised Date: -
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|Nlm Unique ID: 9209612 Medline TA: Tob Control Country: -
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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Magistrate India
A selection of articles related to magistrate india.
Original articles from our library related to the Magistrate India. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Magistrate India.
- The Horned God in India and Europe
- Of all of the Gods that we honor in Paganism today probably the most revered is the Horned God, in the shape and form of Cernunnos. Pick up some modern Pagan literature and chances are he is in there, listen to conversation at a Moot and you will hear him...
Deities & Heros >> Celtic, Welsh, Irish & Brittish
- The Celtic Vedic Connection, Part I
- Of all the great ancient cultures perhaps no two share more parallels than those of the Celtic and Vedic peoples. A deep rooted affinity runs between them, what is present in one is mirrored in the other. Myths, Gods, Goddesses, even fairy tales bear a...
Religions >> Druidism
- Basil - The Herb of Kings
- Basil, from soil to seed To strong stems and beautiful leaves. I ask for blessings to have bestowed As I nurture and watch you grow. From mornings dew and sun of afternoon To rays of the stars and midnights moon Mother Earth watch over thee As I my will, So...
Herbalism >> Herbs dictionary B
- Indian History Rewritten
- The Indian civilisation, considered to be the product of clash and subsequent inter mixture of the white-skinned civilised invaders and the dark savages native to India, has been rightly questioned in recent years, and the mischievously fabricated history of...
History & Anthropology >> Indic / Vedic
- Select Cross-Cultural and Historical Personifications of Death
- This extensive introduction includes some of the more well known, along with some lesser known Death "incarnations", and I use that term loosely, as in many cultures, the Angel of Death can be quite an adept shapeshifter. We have tried to cull...
Mystic Sciences >> Necromantic Studies
Magistrate India is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Magistrate India books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- Are - Indian Embassies, India Visa Information, Visa application form
- (This deed poll/affidavit may be signed and attested in presence of a Magistrate/ Notary or Consular Officer in an Indian Mission abroad).
- www.india-visa.com
- Judicial System and Reforms in Asian Countries: The Case of India
- taken cognisance or to transfer a case from one Magistrate to another Magistrate, on. 64 Supra note 51, sec 138, see also, Constitution of India, Art. 348.
- www.ide.go.jp
- Human Rights Manual For District Magistrate
- on dignity is set out in the preamble to Constitution of India and Charter of.
- nhrc.nic.in
- IN THE COURT OF CHIEF JUDICIAL MAGISTRATE BHOPAL MP. (Presided By Mohan Carbide India Ltd. Bhopal & Accused No 12 Union Carbide India Ltd.
- bhopaldistrictcourt.nic.in
- Performa for Other Backward Class (OBC) Certificate
- 36033/3/2004 Estt.(Res.) dated 09/03/2004 or the latest notification of the Government of India.
- www.nith.ac.in
Suggested News Resources
- The Siege of Delhi
- armed with nothing but his commitment, was whisked away from his flat in East Delhi and sent to Tihar jail, currently home to several accused in high-profile corruption cases on the orders of a pre-arranged magistrate. India was outraged.
Suggested Web Resources
- Magistrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- There are four categories of magistrates in India. This classification is given in the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973.
- en.wikipedia.org
- District collector - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- en.wikipedia.org
- Deputy Commissioner (India) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- en.wikipedia.org
- District Judiciaries - India Legal Information Institute
- www.indlii.org
- SDJM - Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrate (India)
- www.acronymfinder.com
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Magistrate India Topics
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American Council on Exercise4851 Paramount DriveSan Diego, California 92123
The YMCA of San Diego County Health & Wellness Cluster hosts this annual event to recognize and celebrate the Health & Wellness staff for their hard work and dedication throughout the year. Fitness Palooza is a fun-filled, action packed learning experience that gives staff an opportunity to attend four, 55-minute sessions covering a variety of Health & Wellness topics.
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If you need help selecting appropriate study materials for your fitness education, registering for an ACE exam or answering any questions about your certification, we're here to help. Expert consultants are available via e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com, on Live Chat or by phone at the number below Monday-Friday, 5 a.m. to 6 p.m. (PST).
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Freeway reopens after cement truck wreck closes Loop 101 in N. Valley
PHOENIX - Loop 101 in the north Valley has reopened after an accident Thursday afternoon.
According to the Department of Public Safety, a cement truck rolled over on westbound Loop 101 at 56th Street.
Officials say the driver was taken to the hospital with non-serious injuries.
Air15 video showed the cement truck lying on its side across three lanes.
The freeway reopened around 6 p.m.


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SABC to tell all about journalists' blacklistingComment on this story
THE SABC was expected to reveal today what action would be taken over a 2006 scandal in which the broadcaster blacklisted journalists, according to the group that lodged the complaint against them.
Yesterday, the SABC came to an agreement with the Freedom of Expression Institute (FXI) at a hearing at the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (Icasa) in Sandton.
But the FXI would not reveal the outcome.
"… The parties want to issue a joint statement [today]," said Mbalenhle Cele, the head of FXI's law clinic.
She confirmed that the institute had withdrawn its complaint after the agreement, as did advocate Nasreen Rajab-Budlender, acting for the FXI.
Hamilton Maenetje, SC, for the SABC, said the dispute had been resolved, while Icasa's Paseka Maleka said that was the end of the hearing.
SABC spokesman Kaizer Kganyago confirmed that an agreement had been reached.
A Joburg high court ruling last year found that the authority was entitled to investigate the SABC's compliance with their licence regulations.
In 2009, Icasa dismissed the FXI's complaint because it said it did not have jurisdiction.
The complaint stems from an inquiry that found that Snuki Zikalala, the then head of SABC news and current affairs, had instructed staff not to use journalists and political commentators who opposed Thabo Mbeki.
The hearing follows another scandal at the broadcaster, when acting head of news Jimi Matthews reportedly told staff to refrain from using certain terms when talking about President Jacob Zuma's Nkandla compound.
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Emma Stone is speaking out in this month's Seventeen.com about feeling good in her own skin, and how she handles the constant criticism she faces about her weight.
"It can be really challenging in today's world for anyone—especially girls and women—to feel good about their bodies. No matter how things look from the outside, we can all be super critical of ourselves and of our image in the mirror," she told the publication.
"I've seen articles or comments that have addressed my weight, or 'caving to pressure to be thin.' Keeping weight on is a struggle for me—especially when I'm under stress, and especially as I've gotten older. That's the way my genes have decided to go, and things will change as time goes on, as does everything."
She continued, "So when completely untrue statements are made about me or my health, of course a part of me wants to defend. Thing is, people have a right to imagine what they want to imagine. My job at those moments is to tell myself the truth. Am I taking care of myself in a healthy way? Am I respecting myself and being responsible? And over and over, I answer yes to that question."
Stone also explained that she has a trick up her sleeve when she needs extra guidance during a particularly tough time.
"I remind myself to be kind to myself, and as slightly ridiculous as it may sound, to treat myself in the same gentle way I'd want to treat a daughter of mine. It really helps."
PHOTOS: Take a peek at Emma Stone and Andrew Garfield's cutest pics!


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Artist's rendering from 2012 of retail space in Echo Bay in New Rochelle.
- Filed Under
The proposed Echo Bay project would require some mitigation measures, such as a new traffic light on Main Street, while its apartments, stores and park would add jobs, commercial life and a new area for the public to enjoy the waterfront, a study of the project released Friday asserted.
It was announced late Friday afternoon that the 297-page study, commissioned by the developer as part of the state-mandated review of the project, had been posted on the city website.
"The Project would anchor Main Street and extend its retail frontage, while opening up both a visual corridor to the bay ? and a ...


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November 28, 2015
SAN JOSE MINE, Chile (AP) - Chile's health minister says panic attacks are the biggest worry as rescue teams prepare to extract 33 miners who have spent more than two months trapped deep below the Chilean desert.
Saturday, drillers completed a shaft from the surface down to the chamber where the miners have been living.
The minister says the men were so giddy with confidence about their impending rescue that they were arguing over who should be the last one out.
Engineers have determined that only the top few hundred feet of the shaft needed to be reinforced with a sleeve and workers have been welding together about 16 steel pipes for that purpose.
Chile's mining minister says the first tests of the rescue capsules will likely begin early Wednesday and the rescue could begin later that day.
It's expected to take about 48 hours.
Besides panic attacks, the health minister says blood clots are another concern.
To reduce the risk, the miners are taking aspirin.
They'll also drink a high-calorie liquid donated by NASA and put on compression socks before starting the nearly half-mile ride to the surface.
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Graphene has attracted great interest because of unique properties such as high sensitivity, high mobility, and biocompatibility. It is also known as a superior candidate for pH sensing. Graphene-based ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) is currently getting much attention as a novel material with organic nature and ionic liquid gate that is intrinsically sensitive to pH changes. pH is an important factor in enzyme stabilities which can affect the enzymatic reaction and broaden the number of enzyme applications. More accurate and consistent results of enzymes must be optimized to realize their full potential as catalysts accordingly. In this paper, a monolayer graphene-based ISFET pH sensor is studied by simulating its electrical measurement of buffer solutions for different pH values. Electrical detection model of each pH value is suggested by conductance modelling of monolayer graphene. Hydrogen ion (H+) concentration as a function of carrier concentration is proposed, and the control parameter (Ƥ) is defined based on the electro-active ions absorbed by the surface of the graphene with different pH values. Finally, the proposed new analytical model is compared with experimental data and shows good overall agreement.
Keywords:Graphene; Ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET); pH sensor; Conductance
Graphene has two sp2-bonded carbon atoms, which make its structure apparently look like a honeycomb crystal as seen in Figure 1[1-3]. Because of its unique properties, graphene has attracted huge interest mainly in the electrical, physical, chemical, and even biological fields [4,5].
Figure 1. Monolayer graphene atom arrangement with only one atom thickness.
Nowadays, ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) have caught much attention due to their advantages such as small size and the possibilities for mass production [6,7]. Their short and consistent response times are very favorable to the electronics industry [8,9]. ISFETs introduce new features such as the integration of data processing and compensation circuits in the similar circuit for this type of sensors [10-12]. By altering the gate material, depositing layers of selective membrane or a bio-recognition element onto the gate, variance of selectivity can be achieved [13,14]. After the process of depositing, the sensors are now called chemically sensitive FETs [15,16]. Initially, heterogeneous membranes of silver halides and membranes based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) have been used for ISFET [17,18]. Due to poor adherence between PVC base membrane and ISFET surface and inconsistent results, scientists explore for a new type of membrane [18,19]. That is where photocured polymers, which are compatible with the proposed photolithography techniques, come in [19,20]. They have the properties of a higher adherence string of the salinized ISFET gate's surface [21]. In order to expand ion-selective membranes, numerous polymers such as polysiloxanes, polyurethanes, and different methacrylate-derived polymers have been reported to be good candidates [22,23]. These new polymers show promising results regarding consistency and longer stability compared to PVC membranes [24]. In addition, almost all effective ion-based ISFETs were developed for clinical analyses and environmental applications [24]. Recently, microelectronic advances have been exploited and applied to improve ISFET fabrication methods [25,26]. Because of the electrolyte's ionic properties, electrical parts of ISFETs cannot have contact with liquid and only the gate area is open [27]. Due to its organic nature, the gate material for ISFETs is intrinsically sensitive to pH changes [28,29]. On the other hand, all enzymes are sensitive to pH changes, but extremely high or low pH values can make these enzymes lose their sensitivity [30,31]. pH is also a main factor in enzyme stabilities [32]. Each enzyme includes a suitable or optimal pH stability range [30,32]. Apart from temperature and pH, ionic strength can also affect the enzymatic reaction [33]. For more accurate and consistent results, each of these physical and chemical parameters must be considered and optimized accordingly [34]. ISFETs can be based on many materials as their detectors such as membranes and graphene [35]. Because of the physical and electrical properties of graphene, it can be applied as a sensing material in the structure of FETs [35]. On the other hand, there are no information on the development and modelling of ion-sensitive FETs, and their potential as ISFET has not been totally studied yet. The reaction between solution with different pH values and the surface of graphene has a notable effect on the conductivity of graphene [36]. This means that the detection mechanism of adsorbing the hydrogen ions from solution to carbon-based materials can be clarified as shown in Figure 2. In other words, based on the electron transfer between ion solutions and graphene surface, an analytical model of the reaction between buffer solution of different pH and graphene is presented.
Figure 2. Schematic of the proposed structure and the electrical circuit of graphene based-ISFET for pH detection.
Figure 2 illustrates the detection mechanism of solution with different pH using an ISFET device. Monolayer graphene on silicon oxide and silicon substrate with a deposited epoxy layer (Epotek 302–3 M, Epoxy Technology, Billerica, MA, USA) as an ISFET membrane is proposed. In this paper, pH of solution as a gate voltage is replicated due to the carrier injected to channel from it, and also pH as a sensing parameter () is suggested. Finally, the presented model is compared with experimental data for purposes of validation.
Proposed model
The graphene nanoribbon channel is supposed to be completely ballistic for one-dimensional monolayer ISFETs for pH sensing since high carrier mobility has been reported from experiments on graphene [37]. A district of minimum conductance versus gate voltage as a basic constant relative to the electron charge in bulk graphite (q) and Planck's constant (h) is defined by G0 = 2q2/h[38]. So, the electron transportation of the graphene channel in ISFET can be obtained by the Boltzmann transport formula [38,39]:
where E is the energy band distribution, T(E) is the average probability of electron transmission in the channel between source and drain which is equal to 1 (T(E) = 1) [38] because the ballistic channel is assumed for the ISFET device, f is the Fermi-Dirac distribution function, and M(E) is the number of sub-bands in the ISFET channel as a summation parameter over k point which is defined as
where l is the ISFET channel length, t = 2.7 eV which is the tight-binding energy for the nearest neighbor C-C atoms, and β is the quantized wave vector which can be written as
where N is the number of dimer lines, Pi is the modulation index, and ac−c = 1.42 Å is the distance between adjacent carbon atoms in the plan. The conductance of the nanoscale material is strongly dependent on both quantizing parameters, which depend on the number of sub-bands, and interface resistance, which is independent of the length [40]. Also, the Fermi-Dirac distribution function is inserted instead of the number of sub-bands in the ISFET channel. So, it is modified as
In order to simplify the conductance equation, we assumed x = (E − Eg / kBT) and η = (EF − Eg) / kBT as normalized Fermi energy. Consequently, the supposed conductance model of the graphene-based ISFET channel can be written as
This equation can be numerically solved for different gate voltages. Thus, the proposed conductance model of the performance of the graphene-based ISFET in the nanostructured region by the conductance-voltage characteristic is evaluated in Figure 3.
Figure 3. A bipolar transfer curve of the conductance model of graphene-based ISFET.
By applying gate voltage between 0.2 and 0.7 V, a bipolar characteristic of FET device is monitored since the Fermi energy can be controlled by gate voltage. Based on this characteristic, it is notable that the graphene can be continuously dropped from the p-doped to the n-doped region by the controllable gate voltage. The minimum conductance is observed at the transition point between electron and hole doping. This conjunction point is called the charge-neutrality point (CNP) [41]. The conductance of the ISFET channel not only is dependent on the graphene structure and operation voltage on the source-drain channel, but also depends on the electrolyte environment and ion concentration in solution [42,43]. It has been demonstrated that different pH values can affect the ISFET conductance [42].
Before the hydrogen ion concentration was changed in the solution, a natural solution (pure water) with a buffer (pH = 7) was added in the electro-active membrane to measure the dependence of conductance versus gate voltage. There is a favorable agreement between the proposed model for pH sensing based on graphene and experimental data for non-ionic solution (pH = 7) which are extracted from [42], as can be seen in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Electrical source-drain conductance versus gate voltage of graphene-based ISFET for both model and experimental data.
The conductivity of the graphene-based ISFET device is influenced by the number of carriers changing in the channel. A graphene-based ISFET with high sensitivity is applied to detect the different pH values based on conductance altering [42]. As can be seen in Figure 5, the conductance of the channel changes due to the binding of hydrogen ions in the solution to the surface of the ISFET channel. When the pH value of the solution rises from 5 to 10, less hydrogen ions will be adsorbed and the sensor will be capable of attracting less ions, leading to changes in the conductance of the graphene-based ISFET, as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 5. Schematic of hydrogen ion adsorption processes by surface area of single-layer graphene.
Dependent upon the source-drain conductance of the ISFET device, we can write
The focus of this paper is to present a new model for ISFET to measure pH changes; in other words, the conductance of the ISFET device as a function of different pH values is simulated and the pH factor () is suggested. Subsequently, for more understanding of the role of hydrogen ion concentration, FET modelling is employed to obtain an equation between the conductance and pH of a solution, where the suggested structure of ISFET is shown in Figure 2 with source and drain as contacts. Ultimately, different pH values can be modelled by the pH of a solution (see the following equation). This means that Gwith pH can be shown as a function of pH values:
where the pH sensing factor () is assumed and PH is the pH value. In the non-saturation region, the ISFET conductance model is shown as a function of gate voltage and the ideal conductance-voltage relation to the graphene channel of the ISFET device from Equations 5 and 7:
So, the G-Vg characteristics of both the model and experimental data of graphene-based ISFET for changing the pH level in solution from 6 to 7 are plotted in Figure 7.
By comparing the suggested ISFET modelling based on the proposed parameter model with experimental data in Figure 7, similar trends can be considered. In order to show all figures without overlapping, each pH value has been plotted respectively in Figure 7 a,b. In addition, a detailed comparison between observed new models per pH is illustrated in Figure 7, which demonstrates acceptable agreement with experimental data. In the suggested model, different pH values is demonstrated in the form of parameter which is in agreement with the reported data, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Different pH values with Ƥ parameter
Therefore, based on the iteration method in Table 1, the electro-active ions absorbed by the surface of the ISFET channel as a pH sensing factor () can be suggested by the following equations:
According to the saturation region of the proposed conductance model belonging to the ISFET device, Equation 11 is acceptable for both the saturation behavior and experimental data from [42]:
From extracted data, α and β parameters are calculated, where α = 2.7318 and β = 4.5044. Consequently, based on the proposed model of the ISFET device, the conductance versus gate voltage is modified as
As can be seen in Figure 8, the theoretical G-Vg characteristics of graphene-based ISFET for pH changes from 8 to 10 are plotted.
Figure 8. G-Vg characteristics of the proposed conductance model with experimental data. For solutions with (a) pH = 8, (b) pH = 9, and (c) pH = 10.
It is evident that the G-Vg characteristic curve can be controlled by the pH factor () and also the proposed model of ISFET conductance closely matches with experimental data. In both reported data and theoretical data, the decline of ISFET conductance is noticeable when the pH level increases. Also, the conductance curve is almost symmetric near VCNP, while at a large carrier concentration of about 350 to 400 μS, a saturation behavior is depicted. Comparing both experimental data and theoretical data depicted in Figure 5 reveals that when the concentration of hydrogen ions changes from pH = 7 to pH = 8, ISFET conductance decreases about 5 μS. Also, as shown in Figure 8a,b,c, each graph shows a particular value of pH. For example, when the pH value is 8, it is notable that the model is closer to the blue line (experimental data), and also in the different pH values, we can compare other ion concentrations as well. An innovative analysis of matching models using the different values in experimental data is presented in this work to verify that the conductivity of the graphene-based ISFET is moved down vertically at higher pH values. The ion-sensitive FET structure was used with monolayer graphene prepared by CVD and grown in large size on pieces of p-doped Si covered with a 300-nm substrate to measure pH changes [42]. In this study, one can claim that pH changes in the electro-active membrane will significantly and vertically shift the value of conductance in graphene (Gwith pH) that occurred due to ion adsorption on the surface area of the monolayer graphene sheet of the ISFET channel. Also, it is notable that the temperature remains constant (about 25°C in solution) in the suggested model as the temperature can have an effect on the behavior of the sensing parameter as well.
Graphene with sp2-bonded carbon atoms has considerable potential on bio-sensing materials and electrochemical applications. The emerging potentials of nanostructured graphene-based ISFETs with high sensitivity and ability to readily detect have been applied to electrochemical catalysis through pH sensing. The conductance of an ISFET device with different pH values can be displayed by the ion concentration of the solution. In this research, the conductance of graphene is assumed as a function of pH levels (Gwith pH ≈ pH), which shows the pH factor. Measurements show decreasing conductivity when the pH value of the electrolyte is increased. Especially in VCNP, the changed conductance values are clearly depicted. The suggested model verifies the reported experimental data as well. In other words, based on the good agreement between the presented analytical model and experimental data, can be seen as a pH factor to predict graphene behavior in graphene-based ISFETs.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
MJK wrote the manuscript and contributed to the analytical modelling of the presented FET via MATLAB software. Dr. FKCh and Dr. MTA revised the manuscript and coordinated between all the contributors. HKFA, MR, and AH organized the final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Research University grant of the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia, under Project Q.J130000.7123.02H24. Also, thanks to the Research Management Center (RMC) of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for providing excellent research environment in which to complete this work.
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text: I agree with Sanjay. Accumulate topics as they come in, but just pick one, and if it doesn't get too many submissions, chalk it up to experience and pick another one for the next month, and maybe that one will do better. Too much discussion of the topic drags the thing down.


text:
I was pretty little the first time I remember skipping school. I think it was the second grade, in the small town of Healdsburg, California, about 75 miles north of San Francisco. Every morning I walked about a mile to the Fitch Street Elementary School with my cousin Barbara – we'd skip along and sing songs and pick flowers along the way. The highlight of the trip was when we'd stop to pet the beautiful collie who'd always be asleep on the front porch of Barbara's aunt's house. The big friendly dog looked just like "Lassie," and we loved her. She would always follow us a little ways toward the school, then turn around and go home. But one morning she didn't turn around – she kept following us, closer and closer to the school. Barbara and I tried to shoo her toward home, but she'd just wag her tail at us and give us a toothy endearing doggie-grin.
Then we remembered that Barbara's aunt was gone for a few days – her brother had been coming over to feed the dog. The big collie was lonely! Well, we could take care of that problem. We turned off the sidewalk out into a orchard and headed for the creek we knew ran along the far side. We spent the whole day romping with the big collie, picking wild onions and grapes and making mudpies and catching tadpoles and just laying in the tall grass, happy to be free from schoolish concerns. It was a grand day!
I'm sure school had been out for hours when we finally headed home – we lived right next door to each other. The collie turned off toward her house and Barbara and I wandered in, tired and dirty from our adventures, ready for a good hot dinner. Barbara's mother met her with a quick spanking, a stern lecture about responsibility, and sent her to bed without dinner. My mother sent me to get scrubbed up, then set dinner in front of me, and wanted to know all about our adventures, in great detail. She tucked me into bed saying maybe it was about time we thought about getting a dog of our own – she'd talk to Dad about that soon. Comparing notes with my cousin the next day, it struck me how differently our respective parents had reacted to our truancy, but I shrugged it off as just the way things were.
The overriding message to my young impressionable mind was that school just wasn't anything to get upset about, unless you had fiercely strict parents like poor Barbara. My mother used to tell us wonderful tales of when she and her sister and brothers would skip school and go riding or swimming or treasure-hunting in the hills of northern California. She always made those adventures sound far more interesting and compelling than going to school. In fact, her brothers once dynamited their small one-room schoolhouse right off its rock foundation; school was out for several weeks after that, much to the delight of kids for miles around.
I missed a lot of school when I was growing up, and the last grade I actually completed was the seventh – barely. My attendance record was shot full of holes, and things went downhill from there. By high school I'd given up on the idea completely and dropped out, preferring to spend my time reading, writing, riding my horses, or just hanging out. Our home was always full of books, encyclopedias, magazines and such, and I was a voracious reader. We travelled extensively, both here in the U.S. and abroad, and my folks made sure we always checked out historical sites, museums, zoos and other local places of interest… Even without school my young life was full and fascinating and adventurous!
To be continued…


text:
Squirrel Poaching
A new Russian fad of nabbing squirrels out of parks to keep them as pets has officials threatening large fines for those who continue to squirrel away the animals. Some nature lovers say they are outraged by the poaching, which has led to Moscows Ecological Control unit beefing up surveillance in the citys parks to protect the wildlife.
People who collect the bushy-tailed animals can resell them as pets for about 5,000 rubles ($144). Tears welling in her eyes, Alexandra Mishenko, a retiree who feeds the squirrels in Moscows parks, told The Associated Press: We should gather people together and pelt the person who does that with snow.
Carbon Warming
Britains national weather service says there is no longer any doubt that recent larger and more damaging storms are connected to a warming global climate. Much of the U.K. is suffering from the worst in a series of inundations that have submerged vast tracts of the nation during the past three years. A barrage of winter storms in recent months has seen some flood-weary communities swamped more than once. While the Met Offices chief scientist, Dame Julia Slingo, says it is not possible to blame any specific storm on global warming, she said a trend toward more volatile weather patterns due to climate change is clear.
Slingos comments came just before Australian researchers announced that human greenhouse gas emissions were the likely cause of last years record-breaking heat in the country. Climate experts Sophie Lewis and David Karoly told the Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Societys annual conference that human activities, particularly emissions of carbon dioxide, are clearly to blame for the record heat.
Ecuadoran Eruption
Ash from powerful blasts at Ecuadors Tungurahua volcano has damaged crops around the towering mountain, causing a produce shortage and higher food prices for residents. Thousands of acres of farmland have been damaged by the volcanic debris, including pastures that were the main source of food for 110,000 head of livestock. Panicked farmers were forced to harvest tomatoes, potatoes and corn before the crops reached maturity. The volcano roared to life on Feb. 2, sending a giant plume of ash soaring 8 miles above the Andes and pyroclastic clouds cascading down Tungurahuas slopes.
Whoopers Shot
Three of North Americas 600 whooping cranes were killed by gunshots over the past few months with the latest found shot dead in southwestern Louisiana on Feb. 7. A pair of lifelong mates was shot in Kentucky during November. One of the birds survived but was later euthanized after rehabilitation efforts failed.
Whooping cranes are Americas tallest birds and were once a common sight across parts of the country.
But by the 1940s, the use of the pesticide DDT, hunting and habitat loss wiped out all but 14 of the birds. Careful breeding has restored some of the population, but numbers are still sufficiently low that shootings, drought and other factors can pose a dire threat to the species survival. Only 13 are released into the wild each year by the conservationists who supervise their captive breeding.
Giant Jelly
A huge specimen of an unnamed species of jellyfish washed up on a beach south of Hobart, Australia, last month. A photo taken of the nearly 5-foot-wide creature by Josie Lim after her family came across it caught the attention of experts at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), who are in the process of naming the new type of lions mane jelly.
These jellyfish look like a dinner plate with a mop hanging underneath ... they have a really raggedy look to them, said CSIRO expert Lisa-ann Gershwin. She called the find a truly magnificent animal.
Recent years had seen huge blooms of jellyfish in Tasmanian waters, and Gershwin says scientists are not sure why. She told reporters that such a population explosion is likely to be having a significant impact on the marine ecosystem off south eastern Australia.
Tropical Cyclone
Tropical storm-force Cyclone Fobane churned the open waters of the Indian Ocean. It later dissipated to the south of Rodrigues Island after menacing remote shipping lanes for nearly a week.
Western Chinas Xinjiang region was rocked for nearly a minute by a powerful temblor that toppled almost 150 homes and damaged 3,300 others in Yutian county. A relatively weak tremor in central Oklahoma caused minor damage to the Logan County Jail in Guthrie. The region experiences frequent light earthquakes. Earth movements were also felt in Hollywood, western British Columbia, southeastern Massachusetts, southeastern Azerbaijan and northeastern Japan.


text:
am transmission
The peeps at TWS have a montage of all the AMs on the up-and-up.
Our guy Zack Wallin comes through with some powerful clips.
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mr. wallin's neighborhood
get the scoop on the cover…see the footy this Fall
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faraway friends
some of the enjoi dudes stopped AMIGOS SKATE SHOP in Barcelona, Spain
for a signing. Here's a lil' clip of the goodtimes!
Nestor | Barletta | Cairo | Raemers | Wallin | Wieger | Blue | Carlin
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under the covers
Congrats to our man Zack Wallin who just landed himself
a Transworld cover. Grab one at your local shop!
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text:
Schedule 70 General Purpose Commercial Information Technology Equipment, Software, and Services.
MN IT Government Symposium – "Connecting Government & Citizens Through Technology"
Wednesday, December 9, 2015
Saint Paul River Centre
175 W Kellogg Blvd, St. Paul, MN 55102
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More information to come soon!
Provide cost effective, "Better then OEM". immediate response at service levels that far exceed the scope and depth of coverage available from original manufacturers.
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Big data is the term for a collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using on-hand database management tools or traditional data processing applications.


text:
- Filed Under
WAUSAU Merrill author Susan Van Sleet will talk about her memoir and sign copies of it beginning at 6 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 2, at Janke Book Store, 505 Third St., Wausau.
Her book, "Mary & Me Beyond the Canvas; An Extraordinary Story of Adoption, Loss & Reunion," tells the story of being sent away as a pregnant teen at a time when the shame of giving up a child was punished by not talking about it. She published her book 20 years after she had first met her daughter, Jeanne.