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What is Exfoliative Dermatitis?
Exfoliative dermatitis is peeling of the skin over large areas of the body. The term "exfoliative" refers to the exfoliation, or shedding, of the skin. "Dermatitis" means irritation of the skin. The skin peeling may be associated with pre-existing medical conditions in some people, while in others the cause is unknown.
Exfoliative dermatitis, sometimes called erythroderma, is serious but fairly uncommon. Complications can include infection, loss of nutrients, and dehydration.
Causes of Exfoliative Dermatitis
The root cause of exfoliative dermatitis is a disorder of the skin cells. The cells die and are shed too quickly in a process called "turning over." The rapid turnover of skin cells causes significant peeling and scaling of the skin. The peeling and scaling may also be described as "sloughing."
Underlying Conditions
Many people who already suffer from chronic skin conditions, including autoimmune diseases, psoriasis, and eczema, can also develop exfoliative dermatitis.
Drug Reactions
Adverse reactions to a variety of drugs can also contribute to massive skin scaling. Drugs that may produce this condition include:
- sulfa drugs
- penicillin
- barbituates
- phenytoin (Dilantin)
- isoniazid
Other Causes
Certain types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma, may also cause the skin cell turnover rate to accelerate. However, up to 25 percent of cases have idiopathic exfoliative dermatitis (Merck, 2009). "Idiopathic" is the term used to describe a disease or condition without a known cause.
Symptoms of Exfoliative Dermatitis
Skin and Body changes
Exfoliative dermatitis begins in most people with extreme reddening over large portions of the body. This change in skin color is called erythroderma. "Erythroderma" and "exfoliative dermatitis" are terms sometimes used interchangeably. Massive peeling of the skin follows the reddening and inflammation. The skin may be rough and scaly or leather-like in appearance. The dryness and peeling of your skin can cause itching and pain. Your nails may also become thicker and more ridged.
Flu-Like Symptoms
People who have exfoliative dermatitis may also suffer from flu-like symptoms, such as fever and chills. This is because widespread skin peeling can affect your internal thermometer. In other words, your body is not able to control its temperature well.
Complications from Skin Shedding
Those who suffer from this condition may also have a lower-than-normal blood volume. This is caused by loss of fluid through the skin that has been shed.
Skin shedding may start in small patches, but over time spreads to most of the body. Skin is composed mainly of protein and serves as a means to deliver nutrients to your other organs. The constant shedding of the skin can prevent your body from absorbing essential nutrients. You also lose protein from the sloughing. Dehydration and malnutrition are thus common complications.
Severe Symptoms
Severe symptoms of exfoliative dermatitis can be life threatening. Mortality rates are highest in patients who develop complications of infection, fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, and cardiac failure. The most common causes of death in patients with exfoliative dermatitis are pneumonia, septicemia, and heart failure (Karakayli, et al., 1999).
Treatment for Exfoliative Dermatitis
You will probably be treated for exfoliative dermatitis in the hospital. Inpatient care is essential to correct dehydration, low blood volume, and nutritional deficiencies. Your doctor will administer intravenous fluids and nutrients to treat these complications.
Reducing inflammation and making you more comfortable are the main goals of treatment. Supportive care includes warm baths, rest, and oral antihistamines. Your doctor may also prescribe medicated creams to moisten your dry, itchy skin.
Oral and topical steroid medications are used to treat severe inflammation and flaking of the skin in many patients (Karakayli, et al., 1999). Some patients may benefit from phototherapy (PUVA), treatments with psoralen, a photosensitizing agent, and ultraviolet A. Immunosuppressant drugs can be prescribed to cause the immune system to slow the rate of skin shedding.
Antibiotics can both treat and prevent skin infections, that are especially dangerous and a serious complication of this condition.
Your doctors will also manage any underlying conditions that aggravate your dermatitis. You will probably need to stop taking medications that could cause allergic skin reactions.
Long-Term Outlook for Exfoliative Dermatitis
The outlook for exfoliative dermatitis varies for each patient. Drug allergies are the easiest to treat. Your skin usually clears up within several weeks after stopping the allergy-causing medication. Managing conditions such as cancer and psoriasis can speed healing too. People with idiopathic forms of the disease may suffer from flare-ups throughout their lives (Merck, 2009).


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- Apr 25:
- Buffalo Wild Wings eyes spot at West Manchester Mall
- Apr 16:
- Another retailer signs on to new West Manchester Mall
- Mar 27:
- Ann Taylor Loft, other retailers eye new West Manchester Mall
- Mar 25:
- Petco to open at new West Manchester Mall
- Jan 30:
- West Manchester Mall plans progress
- Nov 7:
- Yorkers make wishlist of new shops for West Manchester Mall
Superheroes and zombies are on the move.
The comics and collectibles at Comix Connection will soon move a few doors away when the store relocates inside the West Manchester Mall.
Owner Ned Senft said his store is moving so it can stay open as long as possible during construction, and other stores in the mall are doing the same.
A $47 million redevelopment plan is under way that will change the mall from an enclosed retail center to an outdoor shopping hub, similar to Hunt Valley Towne Center in Maryland.
Comix Connection is open in its current location all week and will open on Sunday across from Kay Jewelers. Other stores are also moving to the end of the mall near Kohl's, including T.K.'s Nut and Candy Store and GNC.
"They're moving in preparing for construction. They will be able to stay open while redevelopment is taking place," said Tony Ruggeri, co-founder of Dallas-based M&R Investors, which owns the mall.
Ruggeri said no firm construction dates are in place, but the project is expected to be completed in time for this year's Christmas shopping season.
Developers received a demolition and reconstruction permit from West Manchester Township on Feb. 24, said Monica Love, zoning officer for West Manchester Township.
"They can start anytime they're ready to," she said. "It's our understanding they're removing the old Bon-Ton and other middle areas first. The permit allows them to do all the work on the building they want."
Approval is still needed for outparcels planned at the site. West Manchester Township supervisors will review the plan for outparcels at their meeting March 27, and plans will probably be approved at the April meeting, she said.
Ruggeri was tight lipped about which tenants would open at the new site, but he said there's a lot of interest.
"Things are going very well. In today's business climate, things just take longer to finalize," he said.
Senft said he is in negotiations for Comix Connection to be part of the redeveloped mall.
The store has a lot of regular customers, who remained loyal even while the mall suffered through a 32 percent vacancy rate, but there's opportunity for more.
"There's a lot of excitement. With the new (Memorial Hospital) being planned and the new mall, I think it's a real opportunity to attract new customers," Senft said.
Some retailers have decided to close during construction, including Auntie Anne's Pretzels, Bath & Body Works, BonWorth, Claire's, Hallmark, Marcello's Pizza and more.
Hallmark intends to return to the redeveloped site, a district manager said. Plans for the other stores were not disclosed.
The mall's anchor's — Kohl's, Macy's, Regal Cinemas and Walmart — will remain open during construction.
Family Fun Center Arcade, which previously operated across from Regal Cinemas, is relocating to the York Galleria.
The arcade will open in April on the lower level close to Boscov's in a vacant space near the A Entrance, according to Galleria management.
—Reach Candy Woodall at email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Cold weather doesn't cause chimney fires, but there's a definite correlation between the two.
Egg Harbor Fire Chief Steve Schopf -- whose crews responded to a chimney fire Monday -- says when temperatures plummet, people stoke up their fireplaces and wood stoves and if their chimneys aren't clean they can run into problems.
Schopf says if chimneys haven't been cleaned it's often difficult to tell there's a problem until it's too late.
The chief says he recommends having chimneys inspected and cleaned at least once a year. He says burning drier wood can help too because it won't lead to as much creosote build-up.
Schopf says Monday's fire was minor and didn't appear to cause any damage.
But that didn't make the weather any warmer for the firefighters working on the roof in whipping winds and sub-zero temperatures.
"It was cold and breezy up there," says Schopf. "Hard to do your job when it's that cold."
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text:
[…] the focus of this article is to evaluate whether we are witnessing a turning point in state-society relations whereby the digital tools made accessible as a result of the information revolution fundamentally undermine the power of authoritarian regimes. […]
The paper begins with some notes on definitions of terms like social and new media along with an overview of ICT diffusion in the Middle East, followed by some historical context of the media landscape in the region. In the main body, shifting state-society relations are addressed, followed by a discussion of how new media facilitate outside interference on the sovereignty of Arab regimes.
Tag Archives: activism
My post hoc pre-interview for Guardian Activate 2010
Matt McAlister and Robin Hough of The Guardian were kind enough to ask me to speak at their Activate conference last Thursday, on which, more in due course, but I was also invited to give a pre-interview for their site. I didn't have time to contribute it before the day of the conference itself, but I thought I'd post it here anyway:
How, in your experience, have web technologies been employed to make the world a better place?
Improving access to information (for those that can access it), enabling people to share new perspectives (though there's some way to go on diversity), and slowly and still a little randomly offering ways to challenge and hold power and authority to account. Video specifically is very powerful – it offers both very direct and human ways to interact, and to see directly and feel more viscerally and authentically what is happening in many more places than we could before. As more and more historical and archive visual material gets preserved, digitised and shared, it's fascinating to watch what changes when people have access to their visual histories, especially in places where this hasn't previously been possible.
And where for you are the real problem areas that remain that you think the internet and its associated technologies can help to tackle?
There are so many things we need to think about, and rethink – here are a couple of things that preoccupy me:
One of the big shifts I was working on at WITNESS was looking at how the human rights field is increasingly affected by new and emerging non-traditional players – technology/social media companies like Google, Yahoo, Facebook and Twitter, and hardware companies like Nokia. Although these new players offer new arenas and publics for human rights work, their products weren't designed with human rights challenges in mind, and therefore can expose many more people, and human rights activists in particular, to new, networked vulnerabilities. These companies need to update and adapt their technology and policies to be more protective of human rights workers, and of wider populations – for instance, in the area of privacy and anonymity, or in thinking collectively about the legal/copyright status of human rights content online.
Beyond this, the perennial issue is overcoming barriers to access – whether we are talking about poor infrastructure or connectivity, a culture of censorship, literacy barriers, poverty or other kinds of exclusion. Mobile's important, but it's only one part of a solution. It's good to see the UK's Digital Champion, Martha Lane Fox, and Beth Noveck speaking at Activate – these aren't just developing world challenges, they're present in our societies too. And we need to be a bit more realistic about what participation means, and understand better how online participation meshes with offline participation.
Opportunities opened up by the internet, and through networks generally, to strengthen public understanding, debate and participation in human rights and social justice are pretty central to the work I do and hope to do with NGOs, media, foundations, and so on. I've started gently since returning from New York to live in London last month – co-writing a series of posts about human rights video online as a collaboration between YouTube and WITNESS, doing some work for a US-based foundation, and interviewing psychoanalyst Adam Phillips about his new book On Balance, which touches on some of these topics, for BOMB Magazine.
Who do you admire in this space? Who's inspiring you? Who's pushing the boundaries and how?
Just so many people! Here's who comes to mind today… Stamen for information design and visualisation; Berg London's work and blog is professionally essential; danah boyd, Mizuko Ito, Molly Land and many other researchers; edge.org is always thought-provoking; there's an incredibly good blog by the World Bank on communication and media in development; and I love Pete Brook's Prison Photography Blog, where he talks about visual culture and activism; anthropologists/ethnographers Jan Chipchase and Dawn Nafus. Got to stop there – too many people to mention – we'd be here all week.
And what can we expect from your presentation at Activate 10?
I'm going to talk a little about the recent history of human rights video online, the work I and colleagues did at WITNESS, and where I think things are going next – and I am really hoping that we have time for genuine conversation, as not just the list of speakers, but also the attendees I already know are pretty stellar and diverse.
Tunisia: Opening prisons to the world
[Originally published here as part of WITNESS's collaboration with Global Voices Online]
At this site, I'm trying to show videos that show or speak about human rights abuses, and – as in the Tunisian video above – the impact of human rights abuses on ordinary people. I don't speak Arabic, so how do I know what this video's about?
It's thanks to Tunisian activist Sami Ben Gharbia, who this Monday launched Tunisian Prisoners Map, which shows the prisons where a number of political and other prisoners are being held in Tunisia. The site, which — like sites such as ChicagoCrime.org – uses a Google Maps mashup, gives a brief case history for each prisoner, relevant external links, and, where Sami can find it, online video of their families – in the case of the video above it's Mohamed Abbou. The videos are in Arabic, so I can't give you more detail (any helpers?), but there's some background in English in the case histories Sami provides.


text:
Hi there,
I could need some help with the proper wiring of a 3pdt switch for my small stone. It's an "issue J" and I wired the switch like this:
Lug 1 - Pole 1 No Connection - Pole 2 Jumper to Pole 3
Lug 2 - Pole 1 to Ground - Pole 2 to Input Jack - Pole 3 to Output Jack
Lug 3 - Pole 1 to Led + - Pole 2 to Board Input - Pole 3 to Board Output (If I recall it right, might be just the other way round…)
Well, it works, but in bypass with the color switch in the up position the oscillation is even worse than before…it sounds very much like a bird. From the pictures of the reissue small stone with a 3pdt switch I can see that a different wiring is used. How does it work?
Any information would be really appreciated!
thanks, michael


text:
Nearly-nude rider snapped on Tiger Brennan Dr
- From: NT News
- March 27, 2014
A NEWCOMER to the Territory was shocked to see a near-naked motorbike rider weaving in and out of traffic on Tiger Brennan Drive yesterday.
Natalie Tan, 25, from Palmerston, said her husband pointed out the skimpy rider just past the Amy Johnson turn-off on their morning commute.
"He was wearing thongs, shorts, a backpack and a helmet," she said. "I thought 'wow, that's very Territorian'."
According to NT Police, the breezy rider wasn't breaking any laws by jumping on his hog in pluggers and stubbies – as long as he was wearing a helmet.
Ms Tan said she had never seen anything like it before but if she sticks around in the Top End she is sure to see it again.
In April 2012 two men were snapped riding along Bagot Rd while wearing mankinis.
And a motorcyclist dressed only in a helmet, gloves and boots was photographed waiting at traffic lights at Coolalinga in October 2011.
Have your say
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Add your comment on this story
Comments on this story
Ian of Bakewell, NT Posted at 11:08 AM April 01, 2014
Nearly nude? Well, that sums up over half the population! As for the rider, all the best to him. Just hope he never gets taken off his bike and slides on the road.
Bill Posted at 10:45 PM March 27, 2014
May they had to leave in a hurry, cos the hubby had returned home? Joke aside, I experienced a lot of pains on my naked lower legs whilst riding a scooter ones along the highway from flying fine gravel and overtaking cars. Never again !
Pete of Florida : USA Posted at 9:59 PM March 27, 2014
Wouldn't raise an eyebrow here in Florida..and bikers here don't even have to wear helmets


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HIGH SCHOOL BASKETBALL: Long-range shooting dooms Bronte
Longhorns finish season at .500 level
BRONTE — There's nothing complex about how the Bronte High School boys basketball team tries to stop opponents.
Throughout the season the Longhorns have used a simple 2-3 defense that forces opponents to take jump shots. They then use those missed shots to score off fast break, transition opportunities. That was not the problem on Tuesday night.
Instead, the Longhorns' inability to make three-point shots — mainly due to their size disadvantage — was their downfall.
Robert Lee's Justin Gartman scored a game-high 16 points, including five 3-pointers, to guide his team to a 48-25 victory over the Longhorns in a District 14-1A Division II game at the Bronte High School gym.
"We lived and died by the 3-point shot, and (Tuesday) we died by it," Bronte head coach Rocky Rawls said. "Hats off to Robert Lee because they shot the ball great, the way you're supposed to shoot it."
Bronte, which ended its regular season at 14-14 overall and 8-6 in district, returns 10 of 12 players who suited up Tuesday night.
With the win, the Steers (16-8 overall, 10-4 district) swept the season series and qualified for the playoffs for the first time since the 2008-09 season.
"It's definitely been awhile," Gartman said of the Steers' playoff drought.
The atmosphere was certainly playofflike, and the players responded.
Bronte and Robert Lee came out firing, trading three-point shots by Ty Lee and Gartman, respectively, before the Longhorns jumped out to an 8-3 lead with 5:40 left in the first quarter.
The Steers made a comeback, though.
Gartman, a senior guard, connected on his second 3-pointer, which sparked a 12-5 run to close out the first period. Teammate Zach Skinner, a senior post, contributed six first-quarter points.
"Justin making the 3 made it a lot easier for me because the defenders go out to cover him and there's usually a mismatch with me," said Skinner, who finished with 12 points. "Justin making those two 3-pointers really got us going."
The Steers' offensive momentum from closing out the first quarter carried into the second and translated into their defense.
Robert Lee switched up its defensive sets, using a mixture of 2-3 and 1-2-2 to confuse Bronte.
Rawls said the 1-2-2 defense was not used much because his players were able to earn a couple of scores by executing back cuts and shots from the short corner to perfection.
Bronte trailed 20-17 following a lay-in by Beau Rousseau with less than five minutes to play in the second quarter.
Lee finished with nine points while Rousseau chipped in seven.
But the Steers closed out strong, once again, using a 5-0 scoring spurt to take a 25-17 at halftime.
"We were able to find the basket (Tuesday night)," Robert Lee head coach Kerry Gartman said. "The kids were patient, found the open spot and drained their shots."
Robert Lee owned the final two quarters, outscoring Bronte 23-8 en route to victory.
"We knew we had to keep playing good defense till the end," Skinner said. "We couldn't take them lightly."
Follow Carlos Silva Jr. on Twitter at @cmsilvajr
Robert Lee 48,Bronte 25
Robert Lee 15 10 12 11 — 48
Bronte 13 4 6 2 — 25
Robert Lee — Justin Gartman 5 1-2 16, Zachary Sanchez 2 0-0 4, Will Howard 4 0-0 10, Efrain Olguin 2 0-0 4, Dawson Brisbin 0 0-0 0, Sean Hildebrand 1 0-0 2, Zach Skinner 5 2-2 12, James Roberts 0 0-0 0, Jake Jackson 0 0-0 0, Shelby Davis 0 0-0 0, Tristan Hildebrand 0 0-0 0. Totals 19 3-4 48.
Bronte — Beau Rousseau 2 2-2 7, Mizael Perez 0 1-2 1, Ean Ward 0 0-0 0, Ty Lee 3 1-2 9, Kyler Richards 0 0-0 0, Josh Punetez 2 0-0 5, Lance Burns 0 0-0 0, Stetson Emfinger 0 0-0 0, Jared Scott 1 0-0 3, Kyle Kelton 0 0-0 0. Totals 8 4-6 25.
3-Point Goals — Robert Lee 7 (Gartman 5, Howard 2), Bronte 5 (Lee 2, Rousseau 1, Puentez 1, Scott 1). Records — Robert Lee is 16-8 overall, 10-4 District 14-1A Division II, Bronte is 14-14, 8-6.
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|Basic Information
|Biotope classification
|Habitat preferences and distribution
|Species composition
|Substratum Loss
(View Benchmark)
|The majority of the species in the biotope are infaunal and would therefore be removed along with the substratum. This would result in loss of entire populations and therefore intolerance is assessed as high and species richness would experience a major decline. Recoverability is assessed as high (see additional information below).
(View Benchmark)
|The important characterizing species in the biotope are infaunal and capable of burrowing. Smith (1955) noted that when a population of Hediste diversicolor was covered with several inches of sand, the worms burrowed through the additional material and showed no adverse reaction. Macoma balthica is also a mobile species and is able to burrow upwards and surface from a depth of 5-6 cm (Brafield & Newell, 1961; Brafield, 1963; Stekoll et al., 1980). It is possible that there would be an energetic cost related to the infauna relocating to their preferred depth and so intolerance is assessed as low. The energetic cost would be short lived so recoverability is assessed as very high. Ephemeral algae in the biotope would be smothered by a 5cm layer of sediment and therefore, where they were present beforehand there would be a minor decline in biotope species richness.
|Increase in suspended sediment
(View Benchmark)
|The dominant and characterizing species in the biotope (Macoma balthica and Hediste diversicolor) are infaunal and display plasticity in their feeding methods (McLusky & Elliott, 1981; Nielsen et al., 1995). They are primarily deposit feeders but are able to switch to suspension feeding when conditions allow. Neither species are therefore likely to be adversely affected by changes in siltation as they would be able to employ the feeding method most appropriate for the environmental conditions. An increase in suspended sediment would result in an increased rate of siltation and therefore an increased food supply for deposit feeders. The important characterizing species may therefore increase in abundance if food had been previously limiting. The species most likely to be adversely affected by an increase in suspended sediment are the obligate suspension feeders such as Cerastoderma edule and Mya arenaria. The feeding and respiration structures risk becoming clogged thus potentially impairing growth and reproduction (Grant & Thorpe, 1991; Navarro & Widdows, 1997). Increased siltation would also have a negative effect on macroalgae where present, by blocking out incident light. There may therefore be a minor decline in species richness in the biotope.
|Decrease in suspended sediment
(View Benchmark)
|The majority of species in the biotope are either suspension feeders or deposit feeders and therefore rely on a supply of nutrients in the water column and at the sediment surface. A decrease in the suspended sediment would result in decreased food availability for suspension feeders. It would also result in a decreased rate of deposition on the substratum surface and therefore a reduction in food availability for deposit feeders. This would be likely to impair growth and reproduction. The benchmark states that this change would occur for one month and therefore would be unlikely to cause mortality. Furthermore, the dominant and characterizing species in the biotope (Macoma balthica and Hediste diversicolor) display plasticity in their feeding methods (McLusky & Elliott, 1981; Nielsen et al., 1995) and therefore are adapted to utilizing whatever food source is available. An intolerance of low is therefore recorded. When suspended sediment levels revert to their original levels, feeding activity would quickly return to normal and hence recoverability is recorded as very high.
(View Benchmark)
|The majority of the species in the biotope, including the important characterizing species, live infaunally in mud or muddy sand, a substratum with a high water content, and are therefore protected from desiccation stress. Additionally, most bivalves, including Macoma balthica, are able to respond to desiccation stress by valve adduction during periods of emersion, and most polychaetes are mobile enough to relocate if environmental conditions are stressful. However, during the period of emersion, the majority of species would not be able to feed and respiration would be compromised, so there is likely to be some energetic cost. Biotope intolerance is therefore recorded as low. Feeding and respiration would quickly return to normal when the biotope is reimmersed and so recoverability is recorded as very high. Although the bivalve, Mya arenaria, is unable to contain its siphons within its shell and therefore risks drying out, it lives deep in the sediment and can withdraw its siphons so that desiccation is not likely to be important.
|Increase in emergence regime
(View Benchmark)
|The majority of the species in the biotope, including the important characterizing species, live infaunally in mud or muddy sand, and are therefore protected from the short term stresses of an increase in emergence regime. However, over time the increased emergence would be likely to result in an energetic cost due to reduced feeding opportunities. Many of the species in the biotope would be able to relocate to their preferred position on the shore. Macoma balthica, for example, is mobile and able to relocate in the intertidal by burrowing (Bonsdorff, 1984) or floating (Sörlin, 1988), and Hediste diversicolor is an active burrower, swimmer and crawler. No mortality of the important characterizing species is expected, but the energetic cost of lost feeding opportunities and relocation results in an intolerance assessment of low. The energetic cost would be quickly overcome when the emergence regime returns to normal so recoverability is assessed as very high. Less mobile species, such as the bivalves, Cerastoderma eduleand Mya arenaria, would be expected to suffer some mortality.
|Decrease in emergence regime
(View Benchmark)
|The biotope occurs on the lower shore and its characterizing species are all found in the shallow subtidal. Therefore, it is unlikely that the biotope would be intolerant of a decrease in emergence regime. Decreased emergence may allow the biotope to become established further up the shore, but not where the habitat is constrained by sea defences (Elliott et al., 1998).
|Increase in water flow rate
(View Benchmark)
|The biotope occurs in areas such as estuaries (Connor et al., 1997b) where water flow rate is likely to be weak. An increase in water flow rate would change the sediment characteristics in which the biotope occurs, primarily by re-suspending and preventing deposition of finer particles (Hiscock, 1983). The underlying sediment in the biotope has a high mud content; a substratum which would be eroded in very strong tidal streams. Therefore, the infaunal species, such as Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica, would be outside their habitat preferences and some mortality would be likely to occur. For example, Green (1968) recorded that towards the mouth of an estuary where sediments became coarser and cleaner, Macoma balthica was replaced by another tellin species, Tellina tenuis. Additionally, the consequent lack of deposition of particulate matter at the sediment surface would reduce food availability for the deposit feeders in the biotope. The resultant energetic cost over one year would also be likely to result in some mortality. Species such as Macoma balthica and Hediste diversicolor, which are able to vary their feeding methods, may react to the change by switching to suspension feeding. A biotope intolerance of intermediate is recorded and species richness is expected to decline. Recoverability is assessed as high (see additional information below).
|Decrease in water flow rate
(View Benchmark)
|The biotope occurs in areas such as estuaries (Connor et al., 1997b) where water flow rate is likely to be weak. The characterizing species thrive in low energy environments, are primarily deposit feeders and are capable of generating their own feeding and respiration currents. As a result of decreased water flow, rate of siltation is likely to increase, making conditions more favourable for deposit feeders. Indeed, Newell (1965) (cited in Green, 1968) noted that Macoma balthica populations in the Thames Estuary, UK, were denser where the grade of deposit was finer, possibly due to greater food availability. The biotope is therefore unlikely to be affected by a decrease in water flow rate.
|Increase in temperature
(View Benchmark)
|The intolerance of the biotope to an increase in temperature is largely dependent on the sensitivities of the important characterizing species. Both Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica occur in southern Europe and therefore must be able to become acclimated to higher temperatures than experienced in Britain and Ireland. Furthermore, they live infaunally in sediment with a high water content and hence are insulated against temperature change. Oertzen (1969) recorded that Macoma balthica could tolerate temperatures up to 49°C before thermal numbing of gill cilia occurred presumably resulting in death. Ratcliffe et al. (1981) reported that Macoma balthica from the Humber Estuary, UK, tolerated 6 hours of exposure to temperatures up to 37.5°C with no mortality. It seems likely therefore that the species could adapt to a chronic change and tolerate a large acute change with no mortality. Bartels-Hardege & Zeeck (1990) demonstrated that sub-lethal temperature increases resulted in disruption of spawning in Hediste diversicolor, with potential adverse consequences on recruitment success. Despite, the apparent tolerance of the important characterizing species, there may be sublethal effects of temperature increase and biotope intolerance is assessed as low. These effects should be rapidly overcome when temperatures are restored to their original levels and so recoverability is assessed as very high. There is evidence that other species in the biotope are intolerant of temperature increase. For example, Sommer et al. (1997) reported a critical upper temperature of 20°C for Arenicola marina, above which the species resorts to anaerobic respiration, and noted that North Sea specimens could not acclimate to a 4°C increase above this temperature. For Cerastoderma edule, Wilson (1981) reported a median lethal temperature of 29°C for 96 hours exposure and along with Smaal et al. (1997) commented on the species' limited ability to acclimate to changes in temperature. An acute temperature increase may therefore result in a minor decline in species richness in the biotope.
|Decrease in temperature
(View Benchmark)
|Both of the important characterizing species in the biotope appear to be very tolerant of low temperatures. Macoma balthica occurs in the Gulfs of Finland and Bothnia where the sea freezes for several months of the year (Green, 1968) and was apparently unaffected by the severe winter of 1962/3 which decimated populations of many other bivalve species (Crisp, 1964). Furthermore, De Wilde (1975) noted that Macoma balthica kept at 0°C maintained a high level of feeding activity. Hediste diversicolor was also apparently unaffected by the winter of 1962/63 (Crisp, 1964). The biotope is therefore assessed as 'not sensitive'. Other species in the biotope, however, are more intolerant of decreases in temperature, e.g. Cerastoderma edule and Arenicola marina, and there may be a minor decline in species richness.
|Increase in turbidity
(View Benchmark)
|LMU.HedMac occurs in relatively turbid waters and therefore the species in the biotope are likely to be well adapted to turbid conditions. An increase in turbidity may affect primary production in the water column and therefore reduce the availability of diatom food, both for suspension feeders and deposit feeders. In addition, primary production by the microphytobenthos on the sediment surface may be reduced, further decreasing food availability for deposit feeders. However, primary production is probably not a major source of nutrient input into the system and, furthermore, phytoplankton will also immigrate from distant areas so the effect may be decreased. As the benchmark turbidity increase only persists for a year, decreased food availability would probably only affect growth and fecundity of the intolerant species so a biotope intolerance of low is recorded. As soon as light levels return to normal, primary production will increase and hence recoverability is recorded as very high. Where they occur, the macroalgae in the biotope are likely to be most affected by an increase in turbidity and may be eliminated, resulting in a minor decline in species richness.
|Decrease in turbidity
(View Benchmark)
|A decrease in turbidity will mean more light is available for photosynthesis by macroalgae, phytoplankton in the water column and microphytobenthos on the sediment surface. This would increase the primary production in the biotope and may mean greater food availability for suspension feeders and deposit feeders. There may be a consequent proliferation of epifauna and macroalgae at the expense the previously dominant infauna. Macoma balthica and Hediste diversicolor may react to the proliferation of phytoplankton by switching to suspension feeding.
|Increase in wave exposure
(View Benchmark)
|LMU.HedMac occurs in low energy environments categorized as 'sheltered' to 'extremely sheltered' on the wave exposure scale (Connor et al., 1997b). This suggests that the biotope would be intolerant of wave exposure to some degree. An increase in wave exposure by two categories for one year would be likely to affect the biotope in several ways. Fine sediments would be eroded (Hiscock, 1983) resulting in the likely reduction of the habitat of the infaunal species, e.g. Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica, and a decrease in food availability for deposit feeders. Strong wave action is likely to cause damage or withdrawal of delicate feeding and respiration structures of species within the biotope resulting in loss of feeding opportunities and compromised growth. Furthermore, species may be damaged or dislodged by scouring from sand and gravel mobilized by increased wave action. For example, Ratcliffe et al. (1981) reported that juvenile Macoma balthica are susceptible to displacement by water currents due to their small mass and inability to bury deeply. It is likely that some mortality would result and therefore an intolerance of intermediate is recorded. Recoverability is recorded as high (see additional information below). Macroalgae and species with delicate feeding structures, such as the polychaete Aphelochaeta marioni, are likely to be particularly vulnerable to increases in wave exposure and would probably be lost from the biotope completely. Species richness is therefore expected to decline.
|Decrease in wave exposure
(View Benchmark)
|LMU.HedMac occurs in low energy environments categorized as 'sheltered' to 'extremely sheltered' on the wave exposure scale (Connor et al., 1997b). It is unlikely that a further decrease in wave exposure would have any appreciable effect on the biotope.
(View Benchmark)
|Macoma balthica is intolerant of shear-wave vibrations that propagate along the sediment surface in the frequency range 50-200 Hz (Franzen, 1995). When placed on the surface of the substratum and exposed to a shear-wave of typical velocity for unconsolidated muddy sand (15 m/s), the response of Macoma balthica consisted of frequent and intense digging attempts (Franzen, 1995). Species with feeding and respiration structures held at or above the sediment surface may respond to noise and vibration by withdrawing them. However, it is not expected that the biotope would be intolerant of noise or vibration at the level of the benchmark.
|Visual Presence
(View Benchmark)
|Hediste diversicolor demonstrates a distinct movement towards darkness (skototaxis) and it has been shown that feeding sensitises the worm to light and influences the response to a sudden increase in illumination (Herter, 1926; Evans, 1966; both cited in Clay 1967c). Similarly, Farke (1979) demonstrated that Aphelochaeta marioni responds to sudden illumination by retraction of palps and cirri and cessation of all activity for several minutes. However, it is unlikely that the species have the visual acuity to be adversely affected by the benchmark level of visual disturbance.
|Abrasion & physical disturbance
(View Benchmark)
|The infaunal polychaetes in the biotope, including Hediste diversicolor, have a fragile hydrostatic skeleton, and are therefore vulnerable to damage by physical abrasion. An anchor dragging at the sediment surface may damage fragile feeding structures and/or penetrate the soft substratum sufficiently to impact the infauna. The bivalves in the biotope, although more robust, are also vulnerable to physical abrasion. For example, damage caused by mechanical harvesting has been reported in Cerastoderma edule (Pickett, 1973; Cotter et al., 1997). It is likely that some mortality would occur and therefore intolerance is assessed as intermediate, although species richness would be unlikely to decline. Recoverability is recorded as high (see additional information below).
(View Benchmark)
|Macoma balthica is able to rebury itself within 17 minutes when placed on the surface of the substratum (McGreer, 1979). However, individuals displaced to the sediment surface are likely to suffer an increased risk of predation and some mortality may result. Hediste diversicolor is a rapid burrower, but, similarly, would experience an increased risk of predation. Intolerance is therefore assessed as intermediate. Recoverability is recorded as high (see additional information below).
|Synthetic compound contamination
(View Benchmark)
|Collier & Pinn (1998) investigated the effect on the benthos of ivermectin, a feed additive treatment for infestations of sea-lice on farmed salmonids. Hediste diversicolor was particularly susceptible, exhibiting 100% mortality within 14 days when exposed to 8 mg/m² of ivermectin in a microcosm. For reference, Davies et al. (1998) reported that beneath a salmon farm, ivermectin may reach the seabed at concentrations between 2.2 and 6.6 mg/m². Arenicola marina was also intolerant of ivermectin through the ingestion of contaminated sediment (Thain et al., 1998; cited in Collier & Pinn, 1998) and it was suggested that deposit feeding was an important route for exposure to toxins. Beaumont et al. (1989) investigated the effects of tri-butyl tin (TBT), the toxic component of many antifouling paints, on benthic organisms. At concentrations of 1-3 µg/l there was no significant effect on the abundance of Hediste diversicolor after 9 weeks in a microcosm. However, no juvenile polychaetes were retrieved from the substratum and hence there is some evidence that TBT had an effect on the larval and/or juvenile stages.
Beaumont et al. (1989) concluded that bivalves are particularly intolerant of tri-butyl tin (TBT). For example, when exposed to 1-3 µg TBT/l, Cerastoderma edule suffered 100% mortality after 2 weeks. There is also evidence that TBT causes recruitment failure in bivalves, either due to reproductive failure or larval mortality (Bryan & Gibbs, 1991). Little evidence was found concerning the effects of synthetic chemicals specifically on Macoma balthica. Bryan & Gibbs (1991) recorded bioaccumulation of TBT by Macoma balthica to be similar to Cerastoderma edule and Duinker et al. (1983) recorded bioaccumulation of polychlorinated bi-phenyls (PCBs) by Macoma balthica but made no comment on toxicity to the species.
The evidence suggests that synthetic chemicals are toxic to the benthos generally and specifically to Hediste diversicolor and bivalves. High mortality is likely to result if the biotope is exposed to synthetic chemicals and so intolerance is assessed as high and species richness is expected to decline. Recoverability is recorded as high (see additional information below).
|Heavy metal contamination
(View Benchmark)
|The bivalves in the biotope are particularly intolerant of heavy metal contamination. For Macoma balthica, lethal and sublethal effects have been reported caused by exposure to Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ag, Hg, Cd and Fe (McGreer, 1979; Luoma et al., 1983; Boisson et al., 1998). For example, Luoma et al. (1983) investigated the intolerance of Macoma balthica from different populations within San Francisco Bay to copper, in the form of seawater spiked with copper sulphate. The 10 day LC50 varied between 210 µg/l and 1290 µg/l. They suggested that physiological and/or genetic adaptations could be responsible for the heterogeneity of the sensitivities and added that species survival depends more on the range of adaptive capacity within the species rather than identification of a single value of lethal or sublethal toxicant concentration. For reference, the lethal copper concentrations reported by Luoma et al. (1983) are similar to copper concentrations in freshwater inputs to the Fal Estuary, UK, reported by Bryan & Gibbs (1983). They reported that transplantation of Cerastoderma edule into Restronguet Creek resulted in 10-15% mortality within 63 days and 100% within 4 months.
Generally, polychaetes (e.g. Bryan, 1984), gastropods (e.g. Bryan, 1984) and macroalgae (e.g. Strömgren, 1979a,b) are regarded as being tolerant of heavy metal contamination. In light of the high intolerance of bivalves, including the important characterizing species, overall biotope intolerance is assessed as high and species richness is expected to decline. Recoverability is recorded as high (see additional information below).
|Hydrocarbon contamination
(View Benchmark)
|Oil spills resulting from tanker accidents can cause large-scale deterioration of communities in shallow sedimentary systems. The majority of benthic species often suffer high mortality, allowing a few tolerant opportunistic species to proliferate. For example, after the Florida spill of 1969 in Massachusetts, the entire benthic fauna was eradicated immediately following the spill and populations of the opportunistic polychaete Capitella capitata increased to abundances of over 200,000/m² (Sanders, 1978). Similarly, the 1969 West Falmouth Spill of Grade 2 diesel fuel eradicated the entire benthic fauna, including Hediste diversicolor, and continued to have an impact more than a year after the spill due to remobilization of the oil (Suchanek, 1993).
Suchanek (1993) reviewed the effects of oil on bivalves. Sublethal concentrations may produce substantially reduced feeding rates and/or food detection ability, probably due to ciliary inhibition. Respiration rates have increased at low concentrations and decreased at high concentrations. Generally, contact with oil causes an increase in energy expenditure and a decrease in feeding rate, resulting in less energy available for growth and reproduction. Sublethal concentrations of hydrocarbons also reduce byssal thread production (thus weakening attachment) and infaunal burrowing rates. Mortality following oil spills has been recorded in Macoma balthica (Stekoll et al., 1980), Mya arenaria (Dow, 1978; Johnston, 1984) and Cerastoderma edule (SEEEC, 1998). Suchanek (1993) reported that infaunal polychaetes were also vulnerable to hydrocarbon contamination. For example, high mortality has been demonstrated in Arenicola marina (Levell, 1976). However, deposit feeders, such as Aphelochaeta marioni, are likely to be less vulnerable due to the feeding tentacles being covered with a heavy secretion of mucus (Suchanek, 1993).
The evidence suggests that oil spills have the potential to result in high mortality of many of the species in the biotope, including the important characterizing ones, and so biotope intolerance is assessed as high with a major decline in species richness. Recoverability is recorded as high (see additional information below) but will depend upon the persistence of hydrocarbons in the sediment.
|Radionuclide contamination
(View Benchmark)
|Beasley & Fowler (1976) and Germain et al. (1984) examined the accumulation and transfers of radionuclides in Hediste diversicolor from sediments contaminated with americium and plutonium derived from nuclear weapons testing and the release of liquid effluent from a nuclear processing plant. Both concluded that the uptake of radionuclides by Hediste diversicolor was small. Beasley & Fowler (1976) found that Hediste diversicolor accumulated only 0.05% of the concentration of radionuclides found in the sediment. Hutchins et al. (1998) described the effect of temperature on bioaccumulation by Macoma balthica of radioactive americium, caesium and cobalt, but made no comment on the intolerance of the species. The biological significance of these findings is not clear and so an intolerance assessment has not been attempted.
|Changes in nutrient levels
(View Benchmark)
|Nutrient enrichment can lead to significant shifts in community composition in sedimentary habitats. Typically the community moves towards one dominated by deposit feeders and detritivores, such as polychaete worms (see review by Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978). The biotope includes species tolerant of nutrient enrichment and typical of enriched habitats (e.g. Tubificoides sp.) (Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978). It is likely that such species would increase in community importance following nutrient enrichment, with an associated decline in suspension feeding bivalves such as Cerastoderma edule and Mya arenaria.
It has been suggested that Macoma balthica has the potential to be used as an indicator organism of organic pollution (Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978; Pekkarinen, 1983; Mölsa, 1986), as the species was reported to increase in abundance towards the sources of nutrient enrichment and to disappear when the organic loading became heavier (Anger, 1975 a & b; Landner et al., 1977). Madsen & Jensen (1987) reported the population of Macoma balthica to increase in abundance and biomass at two localities in the Danish Wadden Sea experiencing nutrient enrichment caused by a waste water discharge.
A study by Norkko & Bonsdorff (1996) revealed the community effects of nutrient enrichment. Artificially constructed algal mats were anchored on a medium to fine sand substratum with an infauna dominated by Macoma balthica, Hydrobia sp., Pygospio elegans, Manayunkia aestuarina, Nereis diversicolor and oligochaetes. After 34 days the temperature underneath the mats was higher than in the free bottom water (13.0°C vs. 11.5°C) and the oxygen concentration in the water had decreased from 10 mg/l to less than 2 mg/l. Initially there was an increase in species numbers, abundance and biomass under the mats, suggesting that the infauna benefited from the additional food supply. However, after 16 days, all 3 measures had significantly declined. Macoma balthica density decreased from 1250/m² at day 0 to 96/m² at day 29, with some emigrating into the algae but many dying at the sediment surface. There were also significant reductions in abundance of Hydrobia sp., Pygospio elegans and Manayunkia aestuarina. Nereis diversicolor and the oligochaetes, however, tolerated the nutrient enriched and hypoxic conditions and therefore increased dramatically in community importance. Following removal of the algal mats, the species to recover most quickly were the Hydrobia sp., which were dominant in the surrounding unimpacted benthos and highly mobile.
The intolerance of the biotope is therefore dependent on the level of nutrient enrichment. Initially, the deposit feeders in the biotope are likely to proliferate at the expense of the suspension feeders. However, in extreme cases of enrichment and associated hypoxia, mass mortality may result and tolerant species such as oligochaetes and Hediste diversicolor may proliferate. Intolerance is therefore assessed as intermediate with a decline in species richness. Recoverability is recorded as high (see additional information below).
|Increase in salinity
(View Benchmark)
|The biotope occurs in fully saline conditions (Connor et al., 1997b) so is unlikely to be affected by increases in salinity. The reaction of a number of species to hypersaline conditions (>40 psu) has been studied. McLusky & Allan (1976) reported that Macoma balthica failed to grow at 41 psu. Rygg (1970) noted that a population of Cerastoderma edule did not survive 23 days exposure at 60 psu, although they did survive at 46 psu. When exposed to hyper-osmotic shock (47 psu), Arenicola marina lost weight, but were able to regulate and gain weight within 7-10 days (Zebe & Schiedek, 1996).
|Decrease in salinity
(View Benchmark)
|The biotope often occurs in areas of variable salinity in estuaries (Connor et al., 1997b) and hence the characterizing species are likely to experience large changes in salinity. The benchmark decrease would place a portion of the biotope in "reduced" salinity conditions (<18 psu). The sensitivities of the important characterizing species are the most important to consider when assessing the intolerance of the biotope. Hediste diversicolor is a euryhaline species, able to tolerate salinities down to 5 psu or less (Barnes, 1994). However, low salinities (< 8 psu) can have an adverse effect on reproduction (Ozoh & Jones, 1990; Smith 1964). McLusky & Allan (1976) conducted salinity survival experiments with Macoma balthica over a period of 150 days. At 12 psu specimens survived 78 days, whilst specimens at 8.5 psu survived 40 days. Some specimens of Macoma balthica survived 2.5 days at 0.8 psu, which was apparently due to the animals ability to clamp its valves shut in adverse conditions. McLusky & Allan (1976) also reported that Macoma balthica failed to grow (increase shell length) at 15 psu. Hence it would seem that although reduced salinity would not result in mortality of the important characterizing species, growth and reproduction would be compromised and so intolerance is assessed as low. Other species in the biotope are less tolerant of reduced salinity. Arenicola marina, for example, is unable to tolerate salinities below 24 psu and is excluded from areas influenced by freshwater runoff or input (e.g. the head end of estuaries) (Hayward, 1994). There may therefore be a minor decline in species richness.
|Changes in oxygenation
(View Benchmark)
|The biotope often has a black anoxic layer close to the sediment surface, so the characterizing species are likely to be tolerant of reduced oxygen conditions. The important characterizing species in the biotope are very tolerant of hypoxia. Dries & Theede (1974) reported the following LT50 values for Macoma balthica maintained in anoxic conditions : 50 - 70 days at 5°C, 30 days at 10°C, 25 days at 15°C and 11 days at 20°C. Theede (1984) reported that the ability of Macoma balthica to resist extreme oxygen deficiency was mainly due to cellular mechanisms. Of considerable importance are sufficient accumulations of reserve compounds, e.g. glycogen, and the ability to reduce energy requirements for maintenance of life by reducing overall activity (Theede, 1984). Vismann (1990) reported that Hediste diversicolor endured 22 days of exposure to oxygen concentrations of 2.8 mg/l with only 15% mortality. Both species have been observed to respond to hypoxic sediments by emigration (Brafield & Newell, 1961; Vismann, 1990). The benchmark change in oxygenation is 2 mg/l for a week. Both Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica would be expected to tolerate this change, although growth and reproduction would probably be compromised during this period. Biotope intolerance is therefore assessed as low. Metabolic activity should quickly return to normal when normoxia resumes so recoverability is recorded as very high. Other species in the biotope are less tolerant of hypoxia. For example, Cerastoderma edule suffered 50% mortality after 4.25 days at 1.5 ml O2/l (Theede et al., 1969). There may therefore be a minor decline in species richness.
|Introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites
(View Benchmark)
|Hediste diversicolor is parasitized by the coccidian, Coelotropha durchoni, but apparently does not suffer mortality (Porchet-Hennere & Dugimont, 1992). Macoma balthica is parasitized by Lacunovermis macomae (Lebour) and the trematode, Parvatrema affinis which is known to cause sexual castration (Swennen & Ching, 1974). Some mortality is therefore likely and intolerance is assessed as intermediate. Recoverability is recorded as high (see additional information below).
|Introduction of non-native species
(View Benchmark)
|There is no evidence to suggest that the biotope may be colonized by non-native species.
(View Benchmark)
|Hediste diversicolor is extracted by bait diggers (Anon, 1999). However, very little information was found concerning the effect of this extraction and it is not possible to assess biotope intolerance further than saying that a proportion of the target species would be removed. In general, bait harvesting may have a negative effect on intertidal benthic habitats. For example, mechanical harvesting for Arenicola marina resulted in drastic reduction in the population of Mya arenaria in the Wadden Sea (Beukema, 1995), and commercial digging of mudflats in Maine, USA, reduced total number of infaunal taxa (Brown & Wilson, 1997).
Intolerance has been assessed as intermediate to reflect the likelihood that various species will experience some loss. Recoverability is assessed as high (see additional information below).
This review can be cited as follows:
Rayment, W.J. 2001. Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica in sandy mud shores. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. [cited 29/11/2015]. Available from: <http://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitatbenchmarks.php?habitatid=209&code=1997>
Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica in sandy mud shores
Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica in sandy mud shores


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Click here for: Bible Pictures: Listen to This Week's Sermon
Youth Ministry
Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them:
Eccles. 12:1
You've got to be it to believe it!
We aren't faking it to make it in the Youth Department. We're moving up as well as out with the intent of reaching and encouraging our own! We are excited about the work that God is doing in our dept. Our vision is to equip, empower, motivate, and reassure the Youth that they are who and what God has called them to be. There is nothing wrong with loving God and expressing that love to others, and we intend to impart this message to all. Make no mistake about it, the Youth are our future. At KWC, we have the freedom to serve God, initiate ideas, express our desires, and participate in making them a reality. It takes Guts to be different, but we are setting a pace that the other young people will be sure to follow! We are determined to change the thought pattern that we've got to fall into the trap of peer pressure. Our young people will be able to boldly tell others, "I'm not going to follow you, you follow me!" The Youth ministry has been formed out of a love for Christ and for his children. While the devil would love to step in and attempt to deceive the Youth into believing his lies, we've dedicated our lives to showing tem just the opposite. We live in a world where suicide, lack of leadership, stress, anger, hate, and depression in young people have become commonplace. It's time to take back what the devil has stolen from us! The young in Christ aren't followers! They are leaders. We are POWERFUL in Christ! We must understand the importance of living our lives with pride, assertiveness, boldness, honor, security, and self respect. We encourage you to bring your talents into the ministry. You won't be shot down! It's important to be young and enjoy those days to the fullest. Now that we've realized it's cool to live Holy, we've designed may activities for the enjoyment of our young people. Some of the activities are bowling, skating, swimming, fishing, camping, picnicking, BBQ's, movies, etc. We also have a KWC basketball team. Some of the different ministries are the newsletter and writing committee, praise and worship dance, high energy and praise dance, music ministry, drama, etc. Our youth department understands that there are some things that young people feel they cannot discuss with their parents. We open our hearts, ears, arms, and doors to you and encourage you to know that through everything God will be there for you and so will we!
God Bless!


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Everyone, and I mean everyone, agrees that the executive order on abortion Bart Stupak got President Obama to sign is a sham--a fig leaf not worth the paper it's printed on.
So why did Stupak sell out his pro-life principles?
Is he a dupe? Couldn't he take the heat from his Democratic primary challenger, Rachel Maddow, and the White House? Or did he just always care more about passing the health care bill than making sure that federal dollars weren't spent on the taking of innocent human lives?
I don't think Stupak is stupid--he was smart enough to read the text of the Nelson amendment and know it was a sham bookkeeping scheme designed to provide federal funding for elective abortion coverage. Maybe he just couldn't take the pressure in the end. But it seems most likely that when push came to shove he cared more about passing Obamacare than defending the right to life.
Many are pointing to this video from the fall in which Stupak said he could vote for the House bill if the House voted down his amendment. It was indeed a warning sign, but it's worth noting that that statement came before the House passed his amendment in November. After the House passed his amendment, he said repeatedly that he would not vote for a final bill unless it included his amendment. According to Stupak, this is the message he delivered to Democratic leaders last week:
I'm sorry but the House has spoken. We had that debate. We won 240-190. You forced the vote, a vote we won fair and square and we're not gonna, this is what it is. If you want to move health care keep current law.
I guess he didn't mean it.


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My Notes on Black Friday:
Make and mount and mail photo of Dakota for your mother • "NO MORE EASTER" • Orpheus • Saint Sebastion (Bride Wore Black sequence)—are you sure that even happened, dude? • Mango's last mix • To pub Exit Vector "en ex Terra Pax" on Sunday would be MOST GLORIOUS • To address in minimalist text, image: The idea of "salvaging" Christianity as opposed to overwriting/jettisoning it • Till We Have Faces • Behold the Man • "NO MORE EASTER" • Is Gary Evil? • and "NO MORE EASTER"
Also, Christ is dead.
In a letter to Mlle Ghoul dated Saturday, April 3: [Know] what would make my day? The pope (note lowercase) accepting, in this order, a forced resignation from his office, excommunication, disgrace, and later found dead… And then we'd see the rise of a new caste of warrior saints, yes! And they'd all be fucked up—they're all addicts or autistics or lepers or maligned by some horrible emotional scar—but they KICK ASS. And they all look good on camera.
Image Credits: Getty; Wiki Commons; Foursyte; Unknown (sorry) LAST DREAM OF JESUS; Nasa
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[…] When I Said This? Probably not, but SINCE IT WAS SO BRILLIANT, LET'S READ IT […]
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Juvenile works
Juvenile literature
Biography Juvenile literature
|Named Person:
|J K Rowling; Harry Potter, (Fictitious character); J K Rowling; J K Rowling; Harry Potter, (Fictitious character); Joanne K Rowling
|Material Type:
|Biography, Juvenile audience
|Document Type:
|All Authors / Contributors:
Marc Shapiro
|0312272243 9780312272241
|OCLC Number:
|xv, 107 pages : illustrations ; 21 cm
|Wild About Harry --
Rabbit and Miss Bee --
Childish Things --
Life Lessons --
Harry Is Born --
Dark and Light --
Harry Conquers the World --
Harry Ever After --
How Rowling Writes.
|Marc Shapiro.
From a child with a wonderful imagination to a single mother, J.K. Rowling has lived a fascinating life.
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The South Eastern School District passed a proposed final budget this month and will aim to adopt the final budget in June with a property tax increase of 1.5 percent.
The school board voted to approve the proposed final budget at its May 15 meeting. The $49.7 million budget initially included a 2.1 percent tax increase, but the board voted in that same meeting to cap the increase at 1.5 percent, said business manager Mary Childress.
With that board decision, the final budget will most likely be lower than $49.7 million, Childress said. And with the increase of 1.5 percent, taxes will rise by 0.3 mills to 21.8 mills. That increase will be about $48.38 for a person with a property valued at $150,000.
The district anticipates a deficit of $500,000 this year, which will be covered by the district's savings set aside to help cover rising retirement costs, Childress said.
There are a few aspects of the budget that still aren't finalized. The district is in contract negotiations with its professional staff, and the list of retirements has not been finalized, Childress said. Any large changes would be adjusted before the final budget is passed.
The budget does not have any program cuts, she added.
Because the state budget is not finalized yet, Childress said she did not include any increase in state funding. If any increases would pass, Childress would be able to adjust the budget accordingly.
The board will vote to adopt the final budget at its Thursday, June 19, meeting.
— Reach Nikelle Snader at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Scouts Inc.: Russell Okung Over Eric Berry
Scouts Inc.'s Todd McShay has released his latest mock draft on ESPN.com. While the player he projects to the Chiefs isn't a surprise, who they pass to take him most certainly is.
5 – Kansas City Chiefs – Russell Okung, OT, Oklahoma State
Berry could make a huge impact in the Chiefs' secondary as well, but Kansas City has too much work still to do at core positions to spend No. 5 money on a safety. The offensive line needs to be solidified, and that could happen by bringing in Okung, who has a quick first step, good power and a mean streak.
I've never had an issue with the Chiefs going with an offensive tackle at the top of the draft, but I would if Eric Berry is still on the board. The offensive line showed at the end of the season they were improving (thank you, Jamaal Charles) something the defense never did.
What might be more interesting in McShay's scenario is that eight of the first ten picks are linemen, pushing Berry to 7, Sam Bradford to 9, Joe Haden to 13 and Jimmy Clausen out of the first round completely.
To me, Berry is the guy if he's on the board and if he's gone with Bradford still available it should make it much easier for Scott Pioli to trade down to get someone like Haden, Dez Bryant or Rolando McClain.
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June 3, 2013
Detroit Tigers pitcher Rick Porcello delivers against the Baltimore Orioles in the first inning of a baseball game on Sunday, June 2, 2013, in Baltimore. (AP Photo/Gail Burton)
Stories this photo appears in:
Porcello's suspension reduced to 5 games
Thursday, July 11th, 2013 1:16 p.m.
Tigers right-hander Rick Porcello had his suspension for throwing at Tampa Bay's Ben Zobrist reduced to five games.
MLB suspends Tigers RHP Rick Porcello for 6 games
As of Tuesday, July 2nd, 2013 9:14 p.m.
Major League Baseball has suspended Rick Porcello of the Detroit Tigers for six games for hitting Tampa Bay's Ben Zobrist with a pitch.
Tigers, Porcello blow lead in 4-2 loss to Orioles
Monday, June 3rd, 2013 6:00 a.m.
BALTIMORE (AP) — Even after managing 3,392 games, Jim Leyland doesn't always make the right decision. At least not in his mind.


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Blockbuster to replace video with DVD
Blockbuster, the world's largest home video rental chain, has announced a decisive move to replace video cassettes with DVDs throughout its global network of outlets.
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OC women's soccer signs local talent
Rangers bringing in some of area's top talent.
Several girls soccer players recently signed letters of intent to play at Olympic College next season.
Players from local high schools include Morgan Anderson (Central Kitsap), Heidi Johnson (North Kitsap), Evelin Marcial (Bremerton), Brita Oleson (South Kitsap), Krista Stewart (Klahowya) and Gabby Tyner (Olympic).
Out-of-town signees include Jena Flewelling (Kentridge), Camille Martin (Peninsula) and Brittney Rice (Grants Pass, Ore.).
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The LM box is a mood-creating lamp with magnetic surfaces hidden inside the wood. Different magnetic elements create additional functions, other than light. The product says something about the need to express itself. This is done in a light and happy way.
The user is involved in the process with realizing the potential of the lamp. The lamp has two illumination surfaces, which makes it very versatile for accent lighting and to illuminate up the room it is in. By using the magnetic elements, you can hang up a piece of paper, your keys or other small items. You can also write a happy note on the surface of the lamp. The lamp can be placed on a table, hanging on the wall, maybe on your nightstand or in the office.
Prototype 2013
Material: Birch, steel
2013.04.25 Design Milk
2013.04.26 Trend Hunter


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Had an accident or hurt at work, school, or public place? Let us help.
The firm has a broad-based civil litigation practice, representing plaintiffs in traditional personal injury cases, divorce matters, criminal defense, as well as complex civil litigation such as commercial litigation, work related injuries, medical devices, products liability, medical and legal malpractice, to name a few.
If you have been involved in an accident, it is likely that you will have sustained catastrophic injuries that will not just go away overnight – and will have treatments that are not cheap. In these cases, it is important that you seek legal representation from the best personal injury lawyer you can find; someone who will be able to help you address the situation and determine whether or not you have grounds to file a claim. If you do, it is important that you do not waste any time in doing so as these cases are serious and require experience to help you fight for deserved compensation.


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The DeltaVision|OMX is a ground-breaking, three dimensional, super-resolution microscopy system that more than doubles the optical resolution of traditional light microscopy. This super-resolution capability is especially important to cell biologists and microbiologists seeking to study objects and events that lie beyond the limits of conventional microscopy methods.
"We are thrilled to have Indiana University as a client for our pioneering DeltaVision|OMX system," says Joe Victor, president and CEO of Applied Precision. "Dr. Claire Walczak and the team of researchers at IU are performing the type of cutting-edge research that drives our company's mission of improving lives through the use of advanced imaging solutions."
The Light Microscopy Imaging Center is lead by Executive Director Dr. Claire Walczak, a professor of biochemistry and molecular biology in the IU Medical Sciences Program.
"The acquisition of the DeltaVision|OMX system is fantastic for our university," says Walczak. "This super-resolution microscope, one of only 9 in North America, is part of our vision to bring state-of-the-art technology to IU's life science researchers. This will enable them to address questions that they did not have the ability to ask previously due to the lack of appropriate technologies."
In the past year, Applied Precision has sold and installed multiple DeltaVision|OMX platforms in North America, Europe and Asia. "The positive response to DeltaVision|OMX from the scientific community has been overwhelming and they are generating data that was previously out of reach in their research," says Ian Clements, senior product manager at Applied Precision.
"We'd envisioned this device would be most useful for microbiologists, cell biologists and neurobiologists at IU," says Walczak. "But we expect scientists from many other fields will come up with creative ways to take advantage of this ground breaking technology. We have some new things to think about and lots of new things to see."
Source: http://www.appliedprecision.com/
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The Full Photo Session with Our Gondry, Le Petit GondryJuxtapoz // Monday, January 03, 2011
Editor's note regarding our unique art direction of a little kid in our Michel Gondry feature in the January 2011 issue of Juxtapoz: It's not everyday that a famous film director invites you to photograph their creative process. This article on Michel Gondry was no exception. More after the jump . . .
Watch The Green Hornet trailer hereJuxtapoz // Saturday, November 20, 2010
As everyone knows by now, Michel Gondry has wrapped up directing The Green Hornet, starring Seth Rogen, and that a trailer has been out for quite some time. What people may not know is that we just wrapped our exclusive Michel Gondry interview for an upcoming issue of Juxtapoz, and all this Hornet talk made us want to revisit the trailer. So, after the jump . . .


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|NBA Basketball
|Player News
|Latest News
|July 24 4:00 PM PT5:00 PM MT6:00 PM CT7:00 PM ET23:00 GMT7:00 AM 北京时间4:00 PM MST6:00 PM EST3:00 UAE (+1)01:0019:00 ET6:00 PM CT22:00 - The Oklahoma City Thunder re-signed guard Derek Fisher on Wednesday. Terms of the contract with Fisher, the president of the NBA players' association, weren't disclosed.
Analysis: The 38-year-old Fisher has spent parts of the last two seasons with the Thunder, averaging 4.5 points in 44 regular-season games. He has averaged 7.1 points in 31 playoff games for them.
|May 6 3:15 PM PT4:15 PM MT5:15 PM CT6:15 PM ET22:15 GMT6:15 AM 北京时间3:15 PM MST5:15 PM EST2:15 UAE (+1)00:1518:15 ET5:15 PM CT21:15 - Fisher was fined $5,000 by the NBA on Monday for flopping in Game 5 of the Thunder's first-round playoff series against the Houston Rockets.
Analysis: Fisher's fine was the result of a play in the second quarter when both he and teammate Kevin Martin fell backward onto the floor to take a charge against Houston center Omer Asik. Asik was called for an offensive foul on the play. Fisher became the second player to be fined under the NBA's new rules against flopping in the postseason. Indiana's Jeff Pendergraph was fined on Sunday.
|Feb. 25 10:22 AM PT11:22 AM MT12:22 PM CT1:22 PM ET18:22 GMT2:22 AM 北京时间11:22 AM MST1:22 PM EST22:22 UAE19:2213:22 ET12:22 PM CT17:22 - The Oklahoma City Thunder signed Fisher on Monday, filling an opening for a third point guard that was created when Eric Maynor got traded to Portland.
Analysis: Fisher joins Oklahoma City for the stretch run for the second straight season. He played in 20 regular-season games and then all 20 playoff games last season. He has not played in the NBA this season after being unsigned as a free agent during the offseason. Fisher won five NBA championships with the Los Angeles Lakers before getting traded to Houston last season, then buying his way out of his contract with the Rockets.
|Dec. 22 3:25 PM PT4:25 PM MT5:25 PM CT6:25 PM ET23:25 GMT7:25 AM 北京时间4:25 PM MST6:25 PM EST3:25 UAE (+1)00:2518:25 ET5:25 PM CT21:25 - The Dallas Mavericks have waived Fisher, a move made at the request of the veteran guard. The Mavericks announced the move Saturday, four days after the 38-year-old Fisher strained a tendon in his right knee in a game against Philadelphia.
Analysis: Fisher, a 16-year veteran who won five championships with the Los Angeles Lakers, was a free agent when he signed with Dallas three weeks ago because of injuries and lack of depth at the point. Fisher released a statement Saturday saying his recovery time will be about two weeks, and that it was difficult for him to be away from his family. He said he asked to be waived so he could return home.
|Dec. 20 8:59 AM PT9:59 AM MT10:59 AM CT11:59 AM ET16:59 GMT12:59 AM 北京时间9:59 AM MST11:59 AM EST20:59 UAE17:5911:59 ET10:59 AM CT14:59 - Fisher will miss at least three games because of a strained right knee. He won't play Thursday night against Miami and will skip a two-game trip to Memphis and San Antonio. The team says there is no timetable for his return and Fisher will be re-evaluated next week.
Analysis: The Mavericks point guard was hurt in the first quarter of Tuesday's win over the Philadelphia 76ers. The 38-year-old Fisher is a 16-year veteran who won five championships with the Los Angeles Lakers. The Mavericks signed him three weeks ago because of injuries and spotty play at the point. Fisher replaced Darren Collison as the starter after signing. He is averaging 8.6 points and 3.6 assists in nine games.
|Dec. 18 5:46 PM PT6:46 PM MT7:46 PM CT8:46 PM ET1:46 GMT9:46 AM 北京时间6:46 PM MST8:46 PM EST5:46 UAE (+1)02:4620:46 ET7:46 PM CT23:46 - Fisher left Dallas' game against the Philadelphia 76ers on Tuesday night with a strained right knee.
Analysis: Fisher had his shot blocked by Evan Turner and went down to the floor holding his knee after he landed. He walked slowly to locker room with 6:50 left in the first quarter. The team said Fisher's return to the game is doubtful.
|Dec. 6 9:21 PM PT10:21 PM MT11:21 PM CT12:21 AM ET5:21 GMT1:21 PM 北京时间10:21 PM MST12:21 AM EST9:21 UAE06:210:21 ET11:21 PM CT3:21 - Fisher added 15 points in Wednesday's 112-90 loss to the Clippers.
Analysis: Fisher went 1 for 8 with two points in his season debut, Saturday's 92-77 victory over Detroit.
|Dec. 1 5:57 PM PT6:57 PM MT7:57 PM CT8:57 PM ET1:57 GMT9:57 AM 北京时间6:57 PM MST8:57 PM EST5:57 UAE (+1)02:5720:57 ET7:57 PM CT23:57 - It didn't take Fisher long to make his debut for the Dallas Mavericks. The 16-year veteran point guard was the first starter introduced against Detroit on Saturday night, a day after he joined the team and practiced for the first time.
Analysis: The Mavericks added Fisher, a five-time NBA champion with the Los Angeles Lakers, because offseason addition Darren Collison was struggling before a sprained finger knocked him out of the lineup earlier in the week.
|Nov. 30 1:12 PM PT2:12 PM MT3:12 PM CT4:12 PM ET21:12 GMT5:12 AM 北京时间2:12 PM MST4:12 PM EST1:12 UAE (+1)22:1216:12 ET3:12 PM CT19:12 - Fisher shed a little blood in his first practice as a Dallas Maverick. The veteran point guard who signed with Dallas as a free agent this week took an elbow to the nose Friday. He says with a laugh that it will help him get back in the mix.
Analysis: The 38-year-old Fisher has not played since he helped Oklahoma City sweep the Mavericks in the first round of last spring's playoffs before falling in the NBA Finals to Miami. Dallas has lost eight of its last 11 games and the Mavs are counting on Fisher for leadership as Dirk Nowitski recovers from an injury.
|Nov. 29 2:29 PM PT3:29 PM MT4:29 PM CT5:29 PM ET22:29 GMT6:29 AM 北京时间3:29 PM MST5:29 PM EST2:29 UAE (+1)23:2917:29 ET4:29 PM CT20:29 - Fisher has signed a contract with the Dallas Mavericks after passing a physical on Thursday.
Analysis: To make room on their 15-man roster, the Mavericks waived Troy Murphy, who had averaged 4.6 points and 3.5 rebounds in 14 games. The 38-year-old Fisher was a free agent after playing last season with the Los Angeles Lakers and Oklahoma City.
|Nov. 28 7:17 PM PT8:17 PM MT9:17 PM CT10:17 PM ET3:17 GMT11:17 AM 北京时间8:17 PM MST10:17 PM EST7:17 UAE (+1)04:1722:17 ET9:17 PM CT1:17 - The Dallas Mavericks will sign veteran point guard Derek Fisher on Thursday, coach Rick Carlisle announced after a 101-78 loss to Chicago.
Analysis: Fisher has won five championship rings, all with the Los Angeles Lakers, during his 16 NBA seasons. He played in all 20 of Oklahoma City's playoff games last season as the Thunder made the finals for the first time since leaving Seattle.


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A few months back, "Glee" actress and PETA-supporter Lea Michele seemed to indicate that her support for the animal rights org could be shown without having to drop her clothes.
"Here's the thing, I hope I got the word out," she said in reference to an anti-fur PSA she starred in. "I think you can get the word out there without a huge billboard of [you] taking your clothes off."
"I [have] got a couple of years ahead of me to do stuff like that but honestly, I really believe in what I was talking about in that ad," she added. "So I stand by it and who knows what I'll do in the future for them."
At PETA's 30th Anniversary gala in LA this past weekend, the 24-year-old seemed a bit more willing to speculate about her participation in the popular "I'd Rather Go Naked" campaigns.
"I don't think we need to see a billboard of me naked to know I am anti-fur, but if they asked I would probably do it."
I'm sure there are some here that would like to see Lea hold her ground on the issue — especially since the use of nudity by PETA is often a divisive topic in the animal rights scene. Sound off below.
About Michael dEstriesMichael has been blogging since 2005 on issues such as sustainability, renewable energy, philanthropy, and healthy living. He regularly contributes to a slew of publications, as well as consulting with companies looking to make an impact using the web and social media. He lives in Ithaca, NY with his family on an apple farm.
View all posts by Michael dEstries →
Pingback: Lea Michele Likely to Go Naked for PETA Campaign - GreenPacks()


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Fleeing Slavery
One of the most enduring themes in American history, that continues to interest and fascinate many, is that of the Underground Railroad. This term has come to stand for the complex story of how thousands of fugitive slaves escaped to freedom in the North or in Canada in the years before the Civil War. It evokes images of fierce bloodhounds and "slave-catchers" hot on the trail of desperate men, women, and children; secret passageways, hidden cellars, and midnight rendezvous; and an organized network of sympathetic abolitionists using ingenious methods to organize and coordinate successful escapes. Certainly there is a degree of truth in this story, with numerous individuals and places in this dramatic moment of American history identified and documented. In southwestern Ohio and adjacent eastern Indiana this usually involved the efforts of Quakers or antislavery evangelical Christians, many of whom had migrated from the South because of their opposition to slavery. Levi Coffin and John Rankin were two such individuals who are justly famous for their work in helping slaves find their way to freedom. Closer to Dayton, the village of Springboro, Ohio was home to many Quakers who were active in the efforts to aid fugitive slaves, and this community has done much recently to document this phase of its history.
Forming a Legend
However, the idea of the Underground Railroad can also become something of a myth or legend with the image of a highly organized, pervasive system run entirely by numerous well-meaning whites who organized elaborate "tracks" and "stations" to speed the fleeing slaves on their way. After the Civil War, when the victorious North basked in its triumph over slavery, it became relatively easy for many northerners to recall the time before the war as one when just about everyone in their community opposed slavery, and worked fervently to hasten its demise. Late 19th and early 20th-century historians who interviewed such persons wrote books that created the image of the Underground Railroad that has more or less endured to this day. One of the best known of these scholars was Professor Wilbur H. Siebert of The Ohio State University. (For a photograph of Siebert, click here.)
A More Complex Story
This picture, while not entirely inaccurate, has tended to overlook certain things. First, many northern whites before the Civil War were indifferent to, if not actually supportive of, slavery in the South and were not inclined to break the law in order to oppose it. Secondly, fugitive slaves who did escape to and through the North often had to, or chose to, rely for help from other blacks, usually the free persons of color in the northern states, rather than from whites. Or they made their way strictly by their own wit and courage. And finally, a number of the claims about the Underground Railroad, that certain houses were stations or that certain individuals were "conductors", etc rely more on hearsay and memory than on any actual documented evidence or clear proof. Many of these revised interpretations of the Underground Railroad have been advanced by the research of Professor Larry Gara of Wilmington College. His findings, and those of others, have been incorporated into a recent publication of the National Park Service, "Researching and Interpreting the Underground Railroad." See also Dr. Gara's publications listed on the Underground Railroad bibliography page. Today research continues on the Underground Railroad in Ohio, and much of it is coordinated by the Ohio Underground Railroad Association and the Friends of Freedom Society.


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Newtown High School has announced, in accordance with state regulations, which address the retention and disposal of student records, it will be eliminating materials in the records of 2007 graduates that are not part of the permanent records.
Permanent records consist of academic transcripts, basic biographical information, and record of immunizations, according to the school.
Students who wish to gain possession of materials scheduled to be eliminated, for future use may send a signed request in writing by fax to 203-426-6573 highlighted with "Record Retention — Clare Francke" or mail to 12 Berkshire Road, Sandy Hook CT 06482, attention "record retention" before July 18.
No phone messages will be accepted, according to the school.
Once the school is notified, records would then be picked up after July 10. Identification will be required to be shown at the time of pickup.


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SPA-FRANCORCHAMPS 29 JULY 2011: The luck which has so often gone against Kevin Magnussen in the Cooper Tires British Formula 3 International Series this season turned in his favour at Spa-Francorchamps this afternoon, the Dane claiming a deserved victory for Carlin in the second race of the championship's Belgian weekend.
Magnussen, who had finished seventh in this morning's race, was bestowed pole position by the podium draw for the 20-minute 'reverse grid' sprint race, and he did not waste the opportunity, making an excellent start to lead into La Source hairpin and then showing his pursuers a clean pair of heels.
By the end of the first lap Kevin was 1.9s ahead of his closest challenger, the FIA Formula 3 International Trophy contender Daniel Juncadella, and the gap between Magnussen and the pack grew with nearly every lap to reach 2.6s by the chequered flag.
"Maybe my luck has turned a little bit," said Magnussen, whose fourth win it was. "I have needed some luck for a long time now. I'm happy for the win and happy to have turned the weekend around. I have saved my good tyres for the race tomorrow, so hopefully I can go well then too."
Juncadella's Prema Powerteam Dallara made a brilliant start from eighth on the grid to wrest second from Carlin man Rupert Svendsen-Cook, who started P2, on the opening lap, but Rupert fought back next time around to regain the position and shadow Magnussen to the line, with Daniel in tow for third overall and a class win.
Said Svendsen-Cook: "That's four podiums in four weekends now and I'm very happy. Qualifying was crazy: I was stuck with a car set up for the wet, on wet tyres on a dry track. To come back with fourth this morning and second this afternoon is really good. Our pace is evident."
"Everything went well," said Juncadella. "My start was very good; I was already fourth after the first corner, and then I made it to P3 when two cars ahead hit each other, and then I passed Rupert at the final corner of the first lap. I was probably running a little more downforce than the others, so Rupert overtook me again and I had to stay behind him because I needed his slipstream on the straights."
Dutch driver Hannes van Asseldonk was a star of the show, the Van Amersfoort Racing driver starting 12th and battling through to sixth by mid-distance. He set three successive fastest laps on the way past Carlos Munoz and Marco Wittmann to claim fourth overall, with Wittmann, Munoz and Belgium's Laurens Vanthoor in line astern.
Eighth overall – and third in the British F3 stakes – was championship leader Felipe Nasr, whose Carlin car benefited from an engine change after race one. "We had a problem with the engine, it was running on only three cylinders in the first race," said Nasr. "So in this race it was important to try to get some good points."
Daniel Abt placed ninth and William Buller headed home Carlos Huertas for 10th overall (and fourth place in British F3), with Jack Harvey next up from Lucas Foresti, Pietro Fantin (another to have to change an engine), Roberto Merhi, Jazeman Jaafar and Double R's Scott Pye. Jaafar and Merhi clashed on the opening lap but recovered; Jaafar was later excluded from the results for his part in the collision. Fortec team-mates Harry Tincknell and Fahmi Ilyas collided at the Bus Stop early on, leading to both men's retirements.
Kotaro Sakurai duly collected his eighth Rookie class victory.
Tomorrow's Spa finale, the 40-minute feature race, is scheduled for 1240pm local time (1140am UK), and will be screened live on Motors TV.
Cooper Tires British Formula 3 International Series
Round 20, Spa-Francorchamps BEL 29/7/2011
8 laps / 34.82 miles
Provisional results Championship & Invitation classes
1 INT Kevin MAGNUSSEN / DEN, Carlin Dallara-VW 18m 12.965s / 114.70mph
2 INT Rupert SVENDSEN-COOK / GBR, Carlin Dallara-VW +2.614s
3 INV Daniel JUNCADELLA / ESP, Prema Dallara-Mercedes +3.369s
4 INV Hannes van ASSELDONK / NED, Van Amersfoort Dallara-VW +4.245s
5 INV Marco WITTMANN / GER, Signature Dallara-VW +6.118s
6 INV Carlos MUNOZ / COL, Signature Dallara-VW +7.143s
7 INV Laurens VANTHOOR / BEL, Signature Dallara-VW +7.862s
8 INT Felipe NASR / BRA, Carlin Dallara-VW +8.485s
9 INV Daniel ABT / GER, Signature Dallara-VW +13.043s
10 INT William BULLER /GBR, Fortec Dallara-Mercedes +14.563s
11 INT Carlos HUERTAS / COL, Carlin Dallara-VW +14.866s
12 INT Jack HARVEY / GBR, Carlin Dallara-VW +15.177s
13 INT Lucas FORESTI / BRA, Fortec Dallara-Mercedes +17.934s
14 INT Pietro FANTIN / BRA, Hitech Dallara-VW +18.811s
15 INV Robert MERHI / ESP, Prema Dallara-Mercedes +19.964s
EXC INT Jazeman JAAFAR / MAS, Carlin Dallara-VW +24.116s
16 INT Scott PYE / AUS, Double R Dallara-Mercedes +26.246s
17 INV Raffaele MARCIELLO / ITA, Prema Dallara-Mercedes +28.423s
18 INT Hywel LLOYD / GBR, SVR Dallara-Mercedes +28.757s etc
Rookie class
1 Kotaro SAKURAI / JPN, Hitech Dallara-Mugen Honda +50.402s
Fastest laps van Asseldonk 2m 15.525s / 115.57mph &
Svendsen-Cook 2m 15.828s / 115.33mph
Full timesheets http://bit.ly/oJQaiF
Provisional championship standings
1 Nasr 251 points; 2 Huertas 143; 3 Foresti 134; 4 Buller 133; 5 Magnussen 132; 6 Jaafar 130 etc
Rookie class
1 Sakurai 246; 2 Bart Hylkema / NED 214.Article Written By Admin on 29th Jul 2011


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Allen Lighted Nock for Crossbow Bolts Red
Product #: 851157 Allen #: 69599 UPC #: 026509695998
- Information
These lighted arrow nocks are a great addition to any crossbow bolt. These nocks activate as the bolt is shot allowing you to easily track the flight of your bolt. With up to an 8 hour run time, these nocks will also help you find bolts in the field.
Delivery Information
- The total weight of the product, including the product's packaging as it sits on our shelf. Since some products ship directly from the Manufacturer, their weight may be unavailable. Because of variations in the manufacturing process, similar products may have differing weights. Unless the product is designated as "Ships Alone", Shipping Weight does not include the shipping box or packing materials associated with your order. Shipping Weight: 0.040 Pounds
- Product ships from MidwayUSA, separate from any other products on your order due to its size. Products that are Shipped Alone incur separate "Per Order" and "Per Pound" shipping charges. Ships Alone: No
- Product is regulated by the US Department of Transportation (DOT) and cannot be shipped via USPS or air shipping methods. DOT-Regulated products must ship UPS Ground. DOT-Regulated: No
Product is restricted by shipping carriers and cannot be shipped to certain locations or via certain shipping methods.
Carrier Restrictions:
- Cannot ship via air
- Cannot ship via USPS
- Cannot ship to PO Box
- Additional shipping charge for HazMat products. Carriers charge extra to ship packages with products they consider hazardous, such as reloading powder and primers. HazMat Product: No
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