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|Basic Information
|Biotope classification
|Habitat preferences and distribution
|Species composition
|Substratum Loss
(View Benchmark)
|Loss of the substratum will result in the loss of the entire biotope and therefore intolerance has been assessed as high. Some species may survive as epiphytes on the Fucus serratus, Chondrus crispus and other algae but these plants will soon be washed away in the moderately strong currents. Recoverability is likely to be high (see additional information).
(View Benchmark)
|Smothering by a 5 cm layer of sediment is unlikely to adversely affect this biotope given that it is associated with areas of moderately strong water flow. The sediment layer will be washed away and 'normal' conditions will resume rapidly. The suspension feeders may experience some short lived interference with feeding but, at the level of the benchmark, this is not likely to adversely affect their viability. Therefore, the biotope has been assessed as being tolerant to smothering.
|Increase in suspended sediment
(View Benchmark)
|An increase in suspended sediment, in combination with the moderately strong flow with which this biotope is associated, may be of detriment to the important characterizing species. Sand scour may damage the fronds of the Fucus serratus, Chondrus crispus and other algae in the biotope and reduce available light for photosynthesis (see turbidity). The feeding apparatus of suspension feeders may become bombarded with particles and interfere with their feeding and respiratory currents. Over the course of the benchmark this may lead to a reduction in total ingestion and a reduced scope for growth, especially since cleaning the feeding apparatus is likely to be energetically expensive. In contrast, an increase in suspended sediment may increase the amount of available food for the suspension feeders, especially if the organic fraction of the particulate material increased. On balance, the biotope has been assessed to be of low intolerance to an increase in suspended sediment and recoverability is expected to be very high.
|Decrease in suspended sediment
(View Benchmark)
|A decrease in suspended sediment could be of detriment to the suspension feeding community as available food is likely to be reduced. Over the course of one month, a reduction in total ingestion is likely to result in a reduced scope for growth and reproductive success. For short lived species such as the bryozoans and sea squirts, this may prove to be fatal. A decline in faunal species diversity is expected and accordingly, intolerance has been assessed as intermediate. Recovery is likely to be high due to the fact that most of the intolerant species produce planktonic larvae and are therefore likely to be able to recolonize quickly from surrounding areas.
(View Benchmark)
|Due to the fact that SLR.FserX.T is an intertidal biotope, the benchmark level for desiccation is equivalent to a change in position of one biological vertical zone on the shore for one year. In this case, that would mean a transition from the lower eulittoral to the mid eulittoral.
The toothed wrack Fucus serratus and carrageen Chondrus crispus are both intertidal species that will be adapted to a degree of periodic desiccation. However, seaweeds have a critical water content and for Fucus serratus, it is 40%. Two hours of sunshine can result in this critical water content being exceeded and therefore this species will probably be of intermediate intolerance to desiccation at the benchmark level. Mathieson & Burns (1971) measured the photosynthetic rate of Chondrus crispus at varying degrees of desiccation and found that after loss of 65% of its water content, the rate of photosynthesis was only 55% of the control rate (see MarLIN review). In Palmaria palmata, 50% of the plant's water content can be lost in less than 4 hours in dry air at 25 °C (Kain & Norton, 1990). This scenario can reasonably be expected at low tide in summer in Britain.The tissue of the breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea holds some water and is tolerant of a certain degree of desiccation. However, at the benchmark level, bleaching and tissue death are likely to occur. The sea squirt Ascidiella aspersa has a soft body and is therefore vulnerable to desiccation. It is afforded some protection to desiccation by its location under seaweed and in damp crevices. However, some individuals at the highest point on the shore may dry out and die at the benchmark level.
Other important species associated with this biotope have mechanisms for reducing the effects of desiccation, for example, the common periwinkle Littorina littorea (see MarLIN) review. Two other molluscs frequently associated with this biotope, namely the common mussel Mytilus edulis and slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata, are considered to be of low intolerance to desiccation and Mytilus edulis can be found in the upper eulittoral. Although muddy sediments associated with this biotope will hold some water and protect the infauna and epibenthic fauna to some extent, it is likely that overall, all of the important characterizing species will experience some decline in abundance and consequently, the recognizable biotope may be lost. An intolerance of high has therefore been recorded. Recovery is likely to be high (see additional information).
|Increase in emergence regime
(View Benchmark)
|SLR.FserX.T is found in the intertidal and the associated species are likely to be adapted to cyclical immersion and emersion. However, at the level in the benchmark, an increase in emergence is likely to adversely affect the dominant trophic group (suspension feeders) within this biotope. It will greatly reduce feeding opportunities for the suspension feeders, for whom immersion is a prerequisite to feeding. Over the course of a year, this decrease is likely to prove fatal for short lived species such as the bryozoans and ascidians. The longer lived species including Halichondria panicea and Crepidula fornicata, although unlikely to die, will probably experience reduced growth and reproductive potential and abundance of these species may decline. The upper shore extent of the Fucus serratus and Chondrus crispus populations may be replaced by species more tolerant of desiccation and more characteristic of the mid-eulittoral such as Fucus vesiculosus, Ascophyllum nodosum or Mastocarpus stellatus. In terms of infauna, the sand mason Lanice conchilega and peacock work Sabella pavonina will be protected from desiccation to some extent by their burrows. However, they may also experience greater predation from shore birds.
Although the biotope is unlikely to disappear completely, its extent on the shore is likely to be reduced and accordingly, intolerance has been assessed as intermediate. Recoverability is likely to be high (see additional information).
|Decrease in emergence regime
(View Benchmark)
|A decrease in emergence is likely to benefit this biotope. Feeding opportunity for suspension feeders will increase, desiccation and temperature stresses for all flora and fauna will be reduced as will predation from birds. The recognizable biotope may extend further up the shore (if suitable substrata are present) but this extension is likely to be counteracted by a reduction in the lower shore extent of the biotope that is likely to be taken over by seaweeds more characteristic of the sublittoral fringe. Encrusting red algae, for example, may become more dominant on the larger boulders than the green and brown algal species. Furthermore, predation by the common shore crab Carcinus maenas is likely to increase.
Overall, it is possible that the biotope will just shift further up the shore and not necessarily increase or decrease in its extent on the shore. Therefore this biotope has been assessed to be tolerant of a decrease in emergence.
|Increase in water flow rate
(View Benchmark)
|An increase in water flow rate from moderately strong to very strong is likely to adversely affect this biotope. The mixed nature of the substratum means that suspended sediment of various sizes will be re-suspended and cobbles and pebbles are likely to move across the seabed. Fine sediments are likely to be lost. Re-suspended sediment is likely to interfere with the suspension feeders feeding apparatus and respiratory currents to their detriment (see suspended sediment above). In wave sheltered areas such as this biotope, the breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea grows in massive forms. Poorly attached massive forms may be ripped off by an increase in water flow rate leading to the death of large colonies. The sand may scour the fronds of Fucus serratus, Chondrus crispus and other algae and sand tolerant algae may prevail. Additionally, an increase to 'very strong' flows may inhibit settlement of spores. The movement of pebbles, cobbles and boulders across the sea floor may scour epilithic sponges, bryozoans and hydroids off the rocks and clumps of algae may become dislodged. Overall, it is likely that many of the associated species will be adversely affected and therefore this biotope is considered to be highly intolerant to an increase in water flow rate at the benchmark level although recovery is expected to be high.
|Decrease in water flow rate
(View Benchmark)
|The rich community of suspension feeders in this biotope is, in part, due to the moderately strong tidal streams with which it is associated. It provides the suspension feeders with a continual supply of food and removes sediment that would otherwise interfere with their feeding apparatus.
A decrease in water flow rate at the level in the benchmark could result in a negligible water flow rate. This would lead to siltation, to the detriment of the filter feeders. In addition, the clumps of Crepidula fornicata and Mytilus edulis have the capacity to produce and accumulate biodeposits including pseudofaeces. Such deposits would accumulate causing the substratum to become highly silted.Annual species, including the star ascidian Botryllus schlosseri, are likely to experience some mortality. The hydroid Dynamena pumila experienced marked decline in areas with increased silt content in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland (Seed et al., 1983). The toothed wrack Fucus serratus and red seaweeds including Ceramium sp. and Chondrus crispus, although tolerant of low flow rates, are likely to suffer from the reduced light caused by siltation. Rates of photosynthesis are likely to decrease and, over the course of one year, the plants may experience some negative growth. Furthermore, grazers unable to cope with the moderately strong flow rates normally associated with this biotope may be able to graze more efficiently, resulting in the loss of a greater number of plants.
Some filter feeders have the ability to cope with siltation and excess suspended material. For example, the breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea has a mechanism for sloughing off their complete outer tissue layer together with any debris (Barthel & Wolfrath, 1989). Mytilus edulis possesses efficient shell cleaning and pseudofaeces expulsion mechanisms to remove silt (Moore, 1977), although it should be noted that pseudofaeces production involves an energetic burden (Navarro & Widdows, 1997). However, over the course of one year, the majority of the sponges and ascidians are likely to be lost and accordingly SLR.FserX.T has been assessed as being of high intolerance to a decrease in water flow rates although recovery is expected to be high.
|Increase in temperature
(View Benchmark)
|The distribution of Halichondria panicea, Fucus serratus and Chondrus crispus in Britain is towards the centre of their distribution in the north east Atlantic and the two species are therefore likely to be tolerant of an increase in temperature at the benchmark level (see MarLIN reviews). The sea squirt Ascidiella scabra (of the same genus as the important characterizing species Ascidiella aspersa) has also been assessed as being tolerant of an increase in temperature. Other important species associated with this biotope including Mytilus edulis, Littorina littorea and Lanice conchilega are thought be of low tolerance to an increase in temperature. However, due to the fact that these are not actually characteristic of the biotope but more a representative of various different phyla, the biotope as a whole has been assessed as tolerant.
|Decrease in temperature
(View Benchmark)
|The distribution of Halichondria panicea, Fucus serratus and Chondrus crispus in Britain is towards the centre of their distribution in the north east Atlantic and the two species are therefore likely to be tolerant of a decrease in temperature at the benchmark level (see MarLIN reviews). The sea squirt Ascidiella scabra (of the same genus as the important characterizing species Ascidiella aspersa) has also been assessed as being tolerant of a decrease in temperature. However, the sand mason Lanice conchilega was assessed as being highly intolerant of low temperatures and other important species associated with this biotope including Mytilus edulis and Littorina littorea are thought to have a low tolerance (see MarLIN reviews). Due to the fact that these are not actually characteristic of the biotope but more a representative of various different phyla, the biotope as a whole has been assessed as being of low intolerance. Recovery is expected to be very high.
|Increase in turbidity
(View Benchmark)
|An increase in turbidity is unlikely to affect the suspension feeders within this biotope. Indeed, if the turbidity were associated with an increase in organic particulate concentration, they may benefit actually from it. The height of colonies of the hydroid Dynamena pumila fell to almost half their original height less than 6 weeks after the Fucus serratus plants on which they were attached were transferred from a relatively clean, fast flowing site to a turbid site in Strangford Lough (Seed & Boaden, 1977, cited in Seed et al., 1981). However, this may be related to the associated decrease in flow rate and in any case, this hydroid is not a characterizing species and occurred in less than half the records of this biotope. The algal component of the biotope may suffer due to the associated reduction in light. Over the course of one year, Fucus serratus may experience a reduction in total growth. Red algae can tolerate a wider range of light levels than any other group of photosynthetic plants (Kain & Norton, 1990) and an increase in the abundance of Ceramium sp. and Chondrus crispus, for example, may be observed as they out-compete green and brown seaweed. However, the patches of Fucus serratus will still remain and a large change in the recognizable biotope is unlikely. Therefore, tolerant has been assessed.
|Decrease in turbidity
(View Benchmark)
|The algal component of this biotope would benefit from a decrease in turbidity and they may experience enhanced photosynthesis. The proportion of ephemeral green algae may increase and accordingly, tolerant* has been suggested.
|Increase in wave exposure
(View Benchmark)
|This biotope occurs in sheltered to extremely wave sheltered habitats. An increase in exposure of two ranks of the wave exposure scale would mean that the biotope could become wave exposed. Due to the shallow water depth in which this biotope is found (lower eulittoral), a wave exposed habitat could be catastrophic for the biotope. The silt / mud and finer sediments and gravels would be continually re-suspended and the habitat for the sand mason Lanice conchilega and peacock worm Sabella pavonina would probably be lost. The increase in suspended sediment would most likely interfere with the feeding apparatus of the suspension feeders (see suspended sediment above) thus reducing total ingestion over the year or incurring energetic costs in cleaning. Short lived species such as the star ascidian Botryllus schlosseri would probably die. Aside from the suspended sediment, the cobbles and pebbles would probably move around too. This could serve to dislodge plants from the cobbles and boulders, break the tubes of the peacock worms and scour colonies of sponges, hydroids and ascidians from the rocks and plants. In addition, some algal species are known to change morphologically according to the degree of exposure. Gutierrez & Fernandez (1992) described morphological variability of Chondrus crispus according to wave exposure and emersion (see MarLIN review). Over the course of the year the recognizable biotope is likely to be lost and replaced with opportunistic species and those species better adapted to high energy environments. Intolerance has been assessed as high with a high recovery.
|Decrease in wave exposure
(View Benchmark)
|This biotope occurs in sheltered to extremely sheltered habitats and therefore a decrease in wave exposure is not relevant.
(View Benchmark)
|The important characterizing species are unlikely to have mechanisms for detecting noise. Furthermore, the biotope may indirectly benefit from noise disturbance because the birds and crabs that represent the main predators on the associated fauna may be scared off by the noise.
|Visual Presence
(View Benchmark)
|The important characterizing species are unlikely to have mechanisms for detecting visual presence. Furthermore, the biotope may indirectly benefit from visual disturbance because the birds and crabs that represent the main predators on the associated fauna may be scared off by the presence of, for example, humans on the shore.
|Abrasion & physical disturbance
(View Benchmark)
|At the benchmark level of abrasion, a scallop dredge but more likely lower shore sediment scour or ship grounding, many of the associated species would be adversely affected. The fronds of the toothed wrack Fucus serratus and carrageen Chondrus crispus and parts of these plants, in addition to those of other algal species, are likely to be torn off thus decreasing their photosynthetic capabilities. The holdfasts of Chondrus crispus are likely to escape unscathed and, due to the fact that the species is capable of regenerating from its holdfasts (e.g. Dudgeon & Johnson, 1992), no mortality is expected for this species. Patches of hydroids and bryozoans, and encrusting fauna such as colonial ascidians and sponges, are likely to be scraped off the rock although a proportion of the colonies are likely to remain. The shells of mussels, limpets and periwinkles may be crushed by the weight and force of the abrasion, as will the tubes of the peacock worm. Intolerance to trampling, given the soft nature of much of the substratum, is likely to be lower than to the effects of a passing scallop dredge although on balance, intolerance has been assessed as intermediate due to the fact that after a single event, a proportion of all of the species is likely to remain. This in turn will favour recoverability and accordingly, recoverability has been assessed as high.
(View Benchmark)
|All of the important characterizing species and the majority of 'important other' species in this biotope are sessile and permanently attached to the hard substrata. Displacement would ultimately result in the death of some species including Fucus serratus, Chondrus crispus, Halichondria panicea, Ascidiella scabra, Botryllus schlosseri and Crepidula fornicata. Due to the fact that Crepidula fornicata lives in chains of up to 12 individuals, only the individual attached to the substratum would be likely to die, due to increased risk of predation, and Johnson (1972) demonstrated that transplanted individuals continue to grow normally. Young (1985) reported that detached Mytilus edulis produced 8 byssal threads within 24 hours once detached. Although these two species are probably of intermediate intolerance to displacement, the three important characterizing species are highly intolerant and therefore, an intolerance of high has been recorded.
|Synthetic compound contamination
(View Benchmark)
|The species frequently associated with this biotope are known to have varying degrees of tolerance to synthetic chemicals. In general, however, most of the species show at least some intolerance to synthetic chemical contamination.
|Heavy metal contamination
(View Benchmark)
|Hydrocarbon contamination
(View Benchmark)
|Soft sediment communities are particularly affected by oil pollution (Suchanek, 1993), although the mixed nature of the substratum within this biotope and the moderately strong water flow with which it is associated mean that the extent of hydrocarbon contamination may be reduced.
|Radionuclide contamination
(View Benchmark)
|No information was found concerning the effects of radionuclides on neither of the four important characterizing species nor most of the other important species. However, Greenberber et al. (1986) exposed larval Crepidula fornicata to doses of X-ray radiation between 500 and 20,000 rads in total and found that, after 20 days, there was a dose dependent decrease in larval shell growth rate and a significant increase in larval mortality following doses above 2000 rads. These levels of radiation are extremely high compared to background levels in the environment but lower levels may have sub-lethal effects on growth and reproduction.
Overall, insufficient information was available in order to assess sensitivity.
|Changes in nutrient levels
(View Benchmark)
|An influx of nutrients into the biotope is likely to stimulate phytoplankton production, depending on other environmental conditions. This means that the amount of food potentially available to the suspension feeders will increase. In the long term, a sustained increase in nutrients could lead to the formation of algal blooms. Algal blooms have the potential to block light from underlying plants, thereby reducing their photosynthetic capacity. In addition, the eventual biodegradation of the blooms / mats involves the consumption of a large amount of oxygen, although the moderately strong water flows with which this biotope is associated are likely to ameliorate this (see oxygenation). It is possible, therefore, that Fucus serratus and other plants may experience some reduced growth over time but it is unlikely that any species will experience mortality. Chondrus crispus may be out-competed by faster growing or ephemeral species. Johansson et al. (1998) investigated the changes in the algal vegetation of the Swedish Skagerrak coast, an area heavily affected by eutrophication, between 1960 and 1997. Slow growing species, including Chondrus crispus declined in abundance, probably due to competition from faster growing red algal species such as Phycodrys rubens and Delesseria sanguinea. However, as long as some red seaweeds remained, the recognizable biotope would be unaffected per se. Accordingly, an intolerance of low has been assessed with a very high recoverability.
|Increase in salinity
(View Benchmark)
|SLR.FserX.T is an intertidal biotope that will most likely experience cyclical periods of hypo- and hyper-salinity. It is found in areas of variable to full salinity and therefore an increase in salinity is not relevant. Short periods of hyper-salinity may occur where patches of surface water on the muddy sediment evaporate although this is unlikely to continue for periods of time similar to those benchmark and only small areas of substratum will be affected anyway.
|Decrease in salinity
(View Benchmark)
|SLR.FserX.T is an intertidal biotope that will most likely experience cyclical periods of hypo- and hyper-salinity. Fucus serratus is able to compensate for these changes in salinity by adjusting internal ion concentrations. Salinity affects the photosynthetic rate and hence growth rate of seaweed. For Fucus serratus, growth rate is maximal at a salinity of 20 psu and therefore, a decrease in salinity into the 'low' salinity category would be of preference to the plant.
Other important characterizing species associated with this biotope are also likely to be tolerant of a reduction in salinity. The breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea and carrageen Chondrus crispus are found in of low salinity, Ascidiella scabra (in the same genus as Ascidiella aspersa) is found in reduced salinity conditions, the star ascidian Botryllus schlosseri is found in brackish water and Crepidula fornicata is described as euryhaline (Blanchard, 1997). However, a rapid fall in salinity of two categories on the MNCR scale from variable to low salinity could result in more adverse effects on the whole community and therefore intolerance has been assessed as low but with a very high recovery.
|Changes in oxygenation
(View Benchmark)
|No specific information was found concerning the effects of reduced oxygenation on the important characterizing species although Cole et al. (1999) suggested possible adverse effects on marine species below 4 mg/l and probably adverse effects below 2 mg/l. Some of the associated fauna may be tolerant of low oxygen environments. Littorina littorea, for example, can endure long periods of oxygen deprivation by drastically reducing their metabolic rate (MacDonald & Storey, 1999). However, this reduces feeding rate and thus the viability of a population may be reduced. In general, it is likely that, at the benchmark level, some of important characterizing fauna may be of low intolerance to reduced oxygenation although recoverability is expected to be very high on return to 'normal' conditions.
|Introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites
(View Benchmark)
|Some of the important species, for example Mytilus edulis and Chondrus crispus are known to be adversely affected by infestation by microbial pathogens (See MarLIN reviews). However, even if microbial infestation resulted in the loss of these two species from the biotope, the recognizable biotope per se would not be affected. The actual occurrence of and effects of pathogens on most of the species associated with this biotope are not known and therefore, insufficient information was available to assess sensitivity.
|Introduction of non-native species
(View Benchmark)
|Crepidula fornicata is an introduced species that has spread widely since its introduction to the United Kingdom at the end of the 19th century. It has the ability to recover rapidly from environmental perturbation and colonize new areas. Crepidula fornicata can form large mats in some areas and the boulders and cobbles within SLR.FserX.T could potentially become infested with them, although it is not known under what circumstances this species would change from being an important component of the biotope to a dominant species.
The Portuguese oyster Crassostrea gigas is another introduced species that has established itself in the wild after being introduced in England in 1926 for cultivation purposes. The species can form dense beds e.g. in the Netherlands, and, together with Crepidula fornicata, have the potential to cover large patches on the shore. Although Crassostrea gigas was not recorded in this biotope (JNCC, 1999), in areas where SLR.FserX.T presently coincides with the distribution of Crassostrea gigas, i.e. the south coast of Devon and coast of Essex, the oyster could become dominant.On balance, it is suggested that SLR.FserX.T is of intermediate intolerance to the introduction of alien species since both Crassostrea gigas and Crepidula fornicata have the potential to alter the recognizable biotope. If these two species came to dominate the biotope, recoverability would only be possible if the majority of the two species were removed (through either natural or unnatural process) to allow the re-establishment of other species. Therefore, recoverability has not been assessed.
(View Benchmark)
|Several of the species indicative of sensitivity are known to be targeted for extraction, namely, Fucus serratus, Chondrus crispus, Mytilus edulis and Littorina littorea (see individual reviews). The extraction of Fucus serratus would lead to a reduction in the extent of the recognizable biotope, as the plant gives the biotope its name. In addition to the loss of either of the two algal species, many epiphytic species would be lost including proportions of bryozoan species such as Dynamena pumila (found especially on fucoid species), the star ascidian Botryllus schlosseri, and the breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea. Furthermore, the larvae of Dynamena pumila are thought to settle and metamorphose in response to the microbial films on the surface of this algae and subsequent recruitment of this hydroid will also be affected. Overall, each of the species indicative of sensitivity mentioned above may experiences some loss. However, the eulittoral position of this biotope and the fact that the algae and mussels are unlikely to grow in particularly large patches will mean that they are unlikely to be heavily exploited and intolerance has been assessed as intermediate.
Recovery has been assessed as high as it will probably have occurred after one year (see additional information).
Fucus serratus is highly fecund and the eggs are broadcast into the water column allowing a potentially large dispersal distance. The species is found on all British and Irish coasts so there are few mechanisms isolating populations. Recruitment may occur through reproduction of the remaining population of from other populations and, providing that some of the population remains, it is unlikely that other species will come to dominate. Recovery will probably have occurred after one year.Chondrus crispus has an extended reproductive period (e.g. Pybus, 1977; Fernandez & Menendez, 1991; Scrosati et al., 1994) and produces large numbers of spores (Fernandez & Menendez, 1991). Recovery of a population of Chondrus crispus following a perturbation is likely to be largely dependent on whether holdfasts remain, from which new thalli can regenerate (Holt et al., 1995). In addition, the spores of red algae are non-motile (Norton, 1992) and therefore entirely reliant on the hydrographic regime for dispersal. Hence, it is expected that Chondrus crispus would normally only recruit from local populations and that recovery of remote populations would be much more protracted.
The settlement of new colonies of the breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea is likely within one year and growth rate is rapid.The larvae of the sea squirt Ascidiella aspersa have a short free-swimming planktonic stage. Time taken from fertilization until settlement and metamorphosis is only about 24 hours at 20 °C (Niermann-Kerkenberg & Hofmann, 1989). However, due to the moderately strong flow rates with which this biotope is associated, there is still the possibility for this species to disperse over considerable distances. The sea squirt Ascidiella scabra (of the same genus as Ascidiella aspersa) has a high fecundity and settles readily, probably for an extended period from spring to autumn. Svane (1988) describes it as "an annual ascidian" and demonstrated recruitment onto artificial and scraped natural substrata. It is also likely that Ascidiella scabra larvae are attracted by existing populations and settle near to adults (Svane et al., 1987) . Fast growth means that a dense cover could be established within about 2 months. However, if mortality and the consequent establishment of free space available occurs at a time when larvae are not being produced, other species may settle and dominate.
For the majority of other important species within this biotope, reproduction and recruitment is an annual process (see recruitment processes). In addition, many of the species have planktonic larvae thereby facilitating recruitment from local sources.
This review can be cited as follows:
Marshall, C.E. 2006. Fucus serratus with sponges, ascidians and red seaweeds on tide-swept lower eulittoral mixed substrata. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. [cited 30/11/2015]. Available from: <http://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitatbenchmarks.php?habitatid=221&code=2004>


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Great Britain coach Stuart Pearce believes captain Ryan Giggs and Craig Bellamy have set a perfect example for the younger squad members.
A news article on 2012-07-31 07:10:00 from: Football 365
This news item has been reproduced from today's media. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of Kop That.

subset: commoncrawl


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Personal wellness is about you, learning to love your whole self. It is about assuming charge of your life, living in process, and channeling life energy. It is learning about choices and developing the one best way to wellness – your way. Overall, we want to achieve balance, happiness, and peace of mind in our personal and family life. With great personal wellness, we can easily improve our weight loss, heart heath, an overall health wellness.
360WellnessLab is a resource center or online health and wellness to help identify the avoidable challenges we face, and provide a plan and means to allow us to overcome needless challenges and live a longer, healthier, and more vibrant life. We are here to provide great information and data collected from experts.
We include the following factors in this personal wellness dimension of total wellness:
1. Emotional Wellness
Our emotional wellness reflects our ability to understand and deal with feelings. Emotional wellness involves attending to our own thoughts and feelings, observing reactions, and identifying obstacles to emotional stability. Achieving this type of wellness means finding solutions to emotional problems by using tools such as:
- Optimism
- Trust
- Self-esteem
- Self-acceptance
- Self-confidence
- Ability to understand and accept one's feelings
- Ability to share feelings with others
2. Interpersonal Wellness
Interpersonal (or social) wellness is the ability to develop and maintain satisfying and supportive relationships. Such relationships are essential to physical and emotional health. This requires participating in and contributing to our community, country, and world. We may include the following in this category:
- Communication skills
- Capacity for intimacy
- Ability to establish and maintain satisfying relationships
- Ability to cultivate support system of friends and family
3. Spiritual Wellness
This includes finding beliefs, principles, or values that give meaning and purpose to our life, especially in difficult times. The spiritually well person focuses on the positive aspects of life and finds spirituality to be an antidote for negative feelings such as cynicism, anger and pessimism. Attending church, temple, or other organized religion is one resource that helps us manage spiritual health. Many people find meaning and purpose in their lives on their own-through nature, art, meditation, or good works or with their loved ones.
Change takes time. Don't expect change overnight or overwhelm yourself with excessive pressure. This will only cause you to quit. Let's get back to basics. Focus on the first step and long-term results of the plan. Sarah Dray provides the following tips:
Step 1: Where to Improve?
Make a list of things you want to improve in your life. Focus on areas where you need to make changes. Be as specific as possible, and make sure you include at least three different aspects of your life. It can be anything from changing your weight to being outwardly happy.
Step 2: Create a List of Changes
Choose at least three areas you want to focus on, and then create a list of changes you want to make on those areas. For example, to improve your stress levels, you can try meditation, getting enough sleep and learning how to deal with conflict. Some people enjoy yoga as a great way to mediate. However, some people like to have dynamic meditation to calm them down (e.g., running, kungfu, cycling). Just listen to yourself and you will know what to do.
Step 3: One Small Step is the Big Step
Divide those goals into smaller, weekly goals. Try to make one small change from every area each week. For example, week one of trying to lose weight can be drinking more water. On week two, keep drinking water and add a healthy fruit snack and so on.
Step 4: Excuses to Not To Change?
List the barriers that might stop you from making the changes. Print the list and post it somewhere where you'll see it frequently, such as the side of your monitor or your fridge. When you're feeling down and are having a hard time keeping up with your resolutions, read the list to remind yourself your motivation to change.
Step 5: Rewarding Yourself
Write down a list of rewards you'll give yourself for achieving small goals along the way. Setting milestones and getting small rewards along the way to help you stay motivated and one big reward at the end, waiting to see if you achieve your final goal. Rewards can be anything that makes you feel good, such as a massage session, a new electronic device, or a trip to your favorite place.
Step 6: Keep Track of Your Progress
Use a journal to write down your feelings, thoughts, and accomplishments. You may also make a master list with all your goals in it. As you accomplish them, just check them out. Let's improve our overall health and wellness together!
Dray, S. (2013). How to start a personal wellness program.


text:
[Edited by Johnythe, 10/7/2012 2:24:09 AM]
SO i got this Ultimate trainer from a friend of mine dont know where or how he got it but every time i try any option except for the instant build which i never use my game crashes before i can even make a move
I have a HP550 laptop with Windows 7 on it and i have the DOW Soulstorm 1.2 that's about everything i know
So like I've said befor I'm not a computer genius i'm just a gamer who plays games
[Edited by Darky99, 8/4/2013 6:10:32 PM]
Well for that to happen i would have to pay for the upgraded membership with cash which i will never have cuz i have a greedy family which in turn means that it ain't gonna happen
There is not much else we can do to help you. Other you find the cash to upgrade or look at other sites that are not as great and awesome as ours. Which could mean bad things could happen.


text:
CalWORKs 2012-13 Joint Application InstructionsCalifornia Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) Joint Application Instructions.
2012–13 CalWORKs County Joint Application Instructions
For Adult Schools and Regional Occupational Centers and Programs
General Information
The California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) funding for adult schools and regional occupational centers and programs (ROCPs) should be used to provide education and training to achieve the following objectives:
- Prepare CalWORKs eligible clients for entry-level employment.
- Assist employed clients receiving subsidies or supportive services to advance toward higher employment and self-sufficiency.
- Direct CalWORKs eligible clients into short-term education and training programs leading to employment.
The California Department of Education (CDE) determines and allocates CalWORKs funds to each county based on the percentage of the county's CalWORKs clients to the total state client population.
Annually, each county prepares a CalWORKs County Joint Application consistent with each county's most current Instructional and Job Training Plan (no earlier than 1997–98). The application must identify the amount of CalWORKs funds to be distributed to each participating adult school and ROCP within the county and should not exceed the total amount of funds designated by the CDE for the county. The County Superintendent and County Director of Social Services must sign the application.
The CDE will review all applications for approval and distribution of CalWORKs funds in the following priority order:
- Adult schools and ROCPs identified in the application will be paid CalWORKs funds as authorized through the application process.
- Unclaimed CalWORKs funds will be redistributed throughout the state proportionately by number of clients.
Before completing the 2012–13 CalWORKs County Joint Application:
- Designate a CalWORKs county coordinator
Each county should designate a CalWORKs county coordinator for this program. The coordinator's responsibilities are: (1) coordinate communications about the application requirements and activities within the county; and (2) complete and submit the application to the CDE.
Indicate the name of the county coordinator and contact information on the cover page of the application.
- Schedule a countywide planning meeting
The CalWORKs county coordinator and the director of social services, along with representatives from the county office of education, each adult school, and each ROCP should meet prior to completing the application to: (1) review the educational and job training needs of CalWORKs clients within the county; (2) review the county's Instructional and Job Training Plan; and (3) evaluate the funding of current programs offered by adult schools and ROCPs.
- Determine adult school and ROCP allocations
Review the enclosed CalWORKs County Allocation Chart for the amount allocated to your county. The total funds needed within a county cannot exceed the county's designated allocation amount.
Note: Counties may allocate funds only to adult schools and ROCPs providing educational services to CalWORKs clients. No other agencies may apply.
Mail completed application to the CDE address listed below. The application must be received by Friday, October 19, 2012.
Mail application to:
Mindi Yates, Education Programs Consultant
Career Technical Education Leadership and Instructional Support Office
California Department of Education
1430 N Street, Suite 4202
Sacramento, CA 95814-5901
Applications will not be accepted via fax or e-mail.
If you have any questions regarding this subject, please contact Mindi Yates, Education Programs Consultant, Career Technical Education Leadership and Instructional Support Office, by phone at 916- 319-0458 or by e-mail at email@example.com.


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Offline/online working of application
sharad goswami
Ranch Hand
Joined: Jan 18, 2001
Posts: 51
Feb 21, 2002 23:03:00
Hi! I have developed an application for online purpose.My problem is my client want the same to work in offline also.I am using ms sql server as back end tool.Also the user is restricted to view only some contents .
a)My problem is how do i make it work offline.
b)how to i export database created offline to my server
c)how to restrict imported database only to his/her concerns .
Please help me asap.
Stop The World I Want To Get Off.
David O'Meara
Joined: Mar 06, 2001
Posts: 13459
I like...
Feb 21, 2002 23:43:00
Sounds like a job for a Design
. You could manage the interface between the program and
bits with an extra level of abstraction - ie it could be viewed as a Decorator for the JDBC bits.
The 'online' bits stay the same, but create a 'Persistence Manager' that wraps around it. When called, the PM checks for a valid network connection. If this succeeeds, it provides a direct interface to the old JDBC code. Otherwise, it invisibly caches the data in the local version for later on.
This solves points 1 and 3. To solve part two, you can have the PM also detect the fact that a connection didn't exist but now daoes and can replicate data back. Or this could be a separate process.
There will be a problem with managing unique keys, but a solution I like is to have each client process have the 'high bits' predetermined, and be allowed to set the 'low bits' itself. eg the local client might have a 'local key base' of 0110-0000 (this is just an 8-bit example) and is then free to allocate all keys from 0110-0000 to 0110-1111.
Now I've thrown this out (from the top of my head, so be gentle
) Arguments?
David O'Meara
Joined: Mar 06, 2001
Posts: 13459
I like...
Feb 21, 2002 23:44:00
oh, and I forgot to say:
Stop The World I Want To Get Off
"Charlie Brown" quote?
sharad goswami
Ranch Hand
Joined: Jan 18, 2001
Posts: 51
Feb 22, 2002 00:05:00
could u suggest code for that.How do u do it?please
David O'Meara
Joined: Mar 06, 2001
Posts: 13459
I like...
Feb 22, 2002 01:35:00
You already have some JDBC code.
To manage the 'safe unique key' code, each client needs its own 'high bit' value that it can safely use to hand out primary keys while it isn't connected to the server. ie: A class that knows about the high end,and knows how to generate the low end bits. All this class does is hand out unique keys when they are requested.
Finding the high could also be done as a query the first time a client connects to the server, but it would be easier to crate it via a configuration setting.
To manage the Decorator (ie the tricky bit), you have a class that you delegate to and it handles database operations rather than you making database operations yourself. Exactly what the Decorator looks like depends on what your original database operations look like...
Typically it should look exactly the same from the 'outside'. The difference would be that you have rewritten the methods so that instead of calling your JDBC code directly, it tests to see if it is on or offline, then optionally calls the local or remote database...
I agree. Here's the link:
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Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
The Dark Flight Down (2005)
by Marcus Sedgwick
No current Talk conversations about this book.
I wouldn't recommend this to my friends, not because I was disappointed, but because this isn't the kind of book my friends would find interesting. If I had a friend who was interested in this kind of subject, I'd definitely recommend it to the because Boy goes through a bunch of life changes that really get you to start thinking. 3Q3P The cover art is okay and I'd recommend this for high school and middle school students. I chose to read this book because my teacher passed out random books for an activity one day and when I got this I read the back and thought it sounded interesting. AliciaH
A thrilling fantasy story that follows on directly from "The Book Of Dead Days" Boy and Willow's futures are on the line as they try to hunt for a magical book that, for Boy explains the mysteries of his past and for the Emporer, may offer eternal life...
The sequel to "The Book of Dead Days." This one isn't entirely as good as its predecessor, but it is still definitely more than worth reading.
Great plot, strong and distinct characters, and a thrilling climax. The ending is unexpected and exciting.
I always love dark, Gothic books, and was hoping that this one wouldn't try to lighten up how dark "The Book of Dead Days" was. I wasn't disappointed. This eerie story is complete with dark dungeons, midnight excursions, a sadistic King, murders, and even a Phantom.
Very good book.
I don't think this one quite reached the heights of the previous volume, the storyline was not as gripping, and I felt the characters of the Emperor and Maxim, were a little too stereotypical. However, Sedgwick still conjures a satisfying and wonderfully dark and Gothic atmosphere to wrap his tale in. Perfect reading for a chilly winters night.
Read and comment on my full review at:
Pretty good
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0385746458, Hardcover)In the morning you should think
You might not last unto the night
In the evening you should think
You might not last unto the morn
Boy has survived the terrors of life with the magician Valerian, dark magic, and deadly chases, but he is still on the run. Now, as the City lies frozen, he is captured and incarcerated in the Emperor Frederick's palace. Boy is transported to a world of splendor, and wealth beyond his wildest imagining. But beneath its golden veneer, this world is full of madness and cruelty, closely guarded secrets, and terrifying revelations.
In a mesmerizing conclusion to the enthralling story begun in The Book of Dead Days, Boy and Willow are plunged into the heart of it–the furies of the Emperor; the tricks of necromancers; a trail of blood that will lead to the grisly Phantom. Holding all their lives between its pages, The Book of Dead Days waits to deceive its next reader.
(retrieved from Amazon Thu, 12 Mar 2015 18:13:28 -0400)
On an errand for Kepler, his new master, Boy is captured and imprisoned in the palace dungeon, where he plots his escape from the evil Maxim and the lunatic King Frederick but also learns a disturbing secret about his father.
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Press Release Distribution
Filter NewsShow All Results
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Following are three things you can do to find notable things to tweet about. Your Twitter use will be so much more productive -- and profitable -- following these guidelines.
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I'm looking for a new, small editor I can use with FreePascal. Sublime looks just the way I'd build my own text editor but unfortunately I have not even seen pascal in the list of the supported languages for syntax highlighting. I'm currently working with "fp", the console based editor shipped with FreePascal, works well but it's a bit old fashioned - even for me. Lazarus is great but way too big and the interface is really messy if you're just looking for a way to enter text.. (I never liked floating windows)
I also can't find any topics using the keyword "Pascal" in this forum. Am I the only one who still works with Pascal?
Is there anything I can do to get pascal support in sublime?


text:
Everett, Washington-Snohomish county jail inmate register/registry
by jeff donaven on 01/05/11 at 3:11 am
WA, Snohomish County Sheriff's Office-Snohomish county jail address; 3025 Oakes Ave., Everett, WA 98201, United States of America.
Washington's Snohomish County was established back in January 14, 1861 from a piece of Island County.
Snohomish County was named for the Snohomish Indian Tribe whom are a Lushootseed Native American tribe living in the surroundings of the Puget Sound area of Washington, north of Seattle.
Almost 2 centuries afterwards, there're hundreds of sequences that can plunge to a close arrest inside the Snohomish county jail. For simplification, if your unassuming-self engorge a liter of Blonde Beer or Barbera greater than the wise limitation and lure to bump against a Ford, you might later receive a sentencing inside the Snohomish county jail. Nonetheless, there's an abundance number of leaders who suppress the virtuality of rapidly ending up inside the Snohomish county jail or opposite blockades. But staggeringly enough, this could stumble upon any human being at any effect. One fiscal year one and all feels cloudless and the other crack you can find yourself in a ramp of evils inside the Snohomish county jail
Washington's Snohomish County covers 2,196 sq mi (5,688 km²) which 2,089 sq mi (5,410 km²) is land and 107 sq mi (277 km²), 4.89%, is water. Snohomish County's seat is Everett which is also its largest city.
The Snohomish county jail is located at the address of 3025 Oakes Ave., Everett, WA 98201 and supervised by correctional officers from the Snohomish County Sheriff's Office.
In that moment of truth teenager could in all respects desire that he was moreover vigilant prior to getting incarcerated inside the Snohomish county jail. Experienced ahead of time could have unexercised a mighty sum total of troubles from the facility, senior officers and other gaolbirds inside the Snohomish county jail. Nevertheless the difficulties are still to come up as the twinkle you're caught inside the Snohomish county jail among captives from unconventional builds similar to butchers, mob members, fiends, child molesters, ghouls, brigands and so on, you need to seize the meaning of the actuality and unsung rules. If you think that it's safe and sound inside the Snohomish county jail parce-que the chief of polices are available all cycles, fantasize extra!
Washington's Snohomish County has an estimated population of 713,335, a population density of 290/sq mi (112/km²) and its time zone is Pacific: UTC-8/-7.
The Snohomish county jail is presently constructed to confine more than 1226 inmates. Hence overpopulation inside the Snohomish county jail has been fitted as an periodical emersion in the preceding regular years due to the worsening in the peccadillo ratio. These dwellers inside the Snohomish county jail positively outnumbers the agents at a level hence inconceivable trying to boss every changes. For that result singularly, it's noteworthy to be cleverly taught on the inmate laws that are imposed inside the Snohomish county jail settlement, monitor your conduct, correspond with your own gang and be au courant of the suited inmate bunches inside the Snohomish county jail as they highlight the majority.
Also imperative inside the Snohomish county jail is not to put aside your wife Lauren, married woman, husband Alexander, boss, patrons or sworn sides as they could presumably typescript in a big cheese job from the abroad as far as covering you in present-time and thereafter your jailing from the Snohomish county jail in Everett, WA
All Everett, Snohomish County, Washington and countrywide criminal records, couples' bridal & disjoint records, Snohomish County public records, boat documents inquiries, summons searches, missing person reports and billions more can be browsed from the nationwide Snohomish county jail roster
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text:
Astoria, New York 11105
Located in Astoria, Emerald Doors Inc. is a licensed contract that serves Westchester and Nassau counties, as well as New York's five boroughs.
Some of our specialties include: sidwalk doors/cellar doors, cellar door protective screen covers, residential cellar doors/Gordon & Bilco and custom door fabrication.
Contact us today and let us know how we can help you.


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Human Rights Council - 26th Regular Session
Item 4 General Debate
Australian statement
19 June 2014
Australia remains deeply concerned at the human rights situation in Iran, in particular the reported rise in executions, ongoing ill treatment of ethnic and religious minorities, and continued restrictions on the exercise of civil and political rights.
Australia is also deeply concerned by the ongoing violence and widespread human rights abuses in the Central African Republic and the DRC. We encourage efforts to hold to account all perpetrators of these abuses.
Australia strongly condemns the human rights violations occurring in South Sudan. Those responsible should be held account, and we call for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to monitor, investigate and report on the situation.
Australia is deeply concerned by the human rights situation in Sudan and urges the Government of the Sudan to stop all executions, respect the human rights of all detainees, ensure the fair conduct of trials, uphold religious freedom, and ensure the protection of civilians.
The Australian Government is deeply concerned by the violence in Ukraine, arising from the destabilisation of Ukraine by externally-supported forces. We welcome the Ukrainian President's proposals to offer an amnesty to rebels, and to provide safe passage for fighters returning to Russia, and civilians wanting to leave conflict areas.


text:
Quiet town fired up for festival
- From: Mercury
- January 10, 2014
CYGNET is bracing for a huge influx of visitors this weekend, with the town's 32nd annual Folk Festival firing up today.
Up to 6000 music fans are expected to flood into Cygnet over the next three days, with warm weather and hot music combining to attract possible record crowds.
The festival starts at 6pm today with a new event, a "Welcome to Cygnet" community ceremony in Loongana Park designed by theatre and festival director Neil Cameron.
More than 100 acts will perform during the weekend, including artists from Britain, Canada, Denmark and Gambia.
One of the main attractions will be the acclaimed London Klezmer Quartet, which has sold out shows across the country on previous tours.
Go to www.cygnetfolkfestival.org
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Ladies you have to ask your husband!
Last night my DH and i were getting hot and heavy and i asked him what word best described me sexually. His answer: "irresistible". Tell me what your husband says about you!
Quoting Anonymous:
i do i find its the only time my DH and i are truly honest with each other.
aQuoting LuLuThatsWho:
Who asks their partner to describe them in one word while they are "getting hot and heavy"????
Just went to ask him. He is out cold (sleeping not drunk) on the couch with DS. Guess I won't be getting any tonight :(


text:
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KPMG's Accounting Research Online provides easy access to a full range of authoritative accounting and financial reporting literature from regulatory and standard-setting bodies such as the IASB and FASB, and in-depth interpretive guidance from KPMG.
With an emphasis on International Financial Reporting Standards and U.S. GAAP, this web-based resource is a valuable tool for any company that needs to stay current in today's dynamic regulatory environment.
ARO subscriptions are available for International, U.S., or U.K. content
ARO subscriptions are available for International, U.S., or U.K. content
KPMG's practical guide to International Financial Reporting Standards, now in its 12th Edition, 2015-2016. (International subscription required).
Find information on customer support
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Ferris State University faculty, staff, students and emeriti will be recognized for reaching audiences beyond the university community through scholarly or creative works.
The Ferris Library for Information, Technology and Education will host the first Author Recognition Event on Thursday, March 21 to honor those at Ferris who published, presented, exhibited or released scholarly or creative work in 2012. Submissions will be accepted through Friday, Feb. 15.
"It's important for Ferris to recognize the work of faculty, staff, students and emeriti of a personal nature that happened for a broader audience than the university," said FLITE Dean Scott Garrison, who is organizing the event with the Faculty Center for Teaching and Learning, Ferris' Kendall College of Art and Design, the Office of Academic Research and Academic Affairs.
Works include published non-fiction or fiction books, short stories, poems or scholarly articles, accepted conference presentations and posters, sound and video recordings of a musical or dramatic performance or art exhibits.
Submissions will be showcased at the March reception and later available on the FLITE website.
Details for submitting a work can be found here.
Additional questions or nominations can be directed to Ann Breitenwischer at (231) 591-3750.
Last updated: 08-15-2013


text:
Though the page is still in beta stage, the connection should at least point properly for posted tagged facebook. Going to this page returns all posts for Stack Overflow. Unless the intended feature should persuade users to fix all posts regardless of tags?
What is meta? ×
Meta Stack Exchange is where users like you discuss bugs, features, and support issues that affect the software powering all 150 Stack Exchange communities.
Strictly-speaking, this review page isn't even in beta yet. At some point, it will be integrated into the new Community Review Dashboard and made more widely available - but there's a fair bit of work left to be done twixt now and then.
Suffice to say, there are all sorts of bugs in it now, and you don't really need to report them - the current availability is strictly for your information only.


text:
ISC HPC Blog
Is Qatar About to Join the Supercomputing Club?
The Qatar National Convention Center was recently the venue for the first meeting of the User Forum of Qatar's newly commissioned computing infrastructure institute. The National Computing Infrastructure for Research (NCIR) is the latest addition to the Qatar Foundation's collection of R&D institutes. Is NCIR about to place Qatar on the TOP500 list and join the supercomputing club?
As I pointed out in an HPCwire article last autumn (see: HPC Prospects in Qatar, 11 November 2013), given the will and the requirements, Qatar could easily become a significant HPC power. Back in November, Qatar had just announced a short list of National Research Grand Challenges. That list included water security, energy security and cybersecurity. Strong emphasis was also given to continuing Qatar's research efforts in biomedical sciences and human health.
Two prominent players from the US HPC and computational science community had also joined the Qatar Foundation: Thomas Zacharia, formerly Deputy Director at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, as Executive Vice President for R&D (QF R&D) and Mohammad Khaleel, formerly Division Director for Computational Sciences and Mathematics at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, as Executive Director of QF R&D's Qatar Energy & Environment Research Institute (QEERI). Zacharia was on record as saying "…it is within our reach in five years to have a world-leading research enterprise in Qatar." There are now about 4 ½ years remaining on that timeline – and there are no world-leading research enterprises that don't include HPC as an integral part.
Khaleel had assumed responsibility for the Water Security and Energy Security grand challenges in his QEERI organization. Essentially all of Qatar's fresh water comes from desalination of either seawater or brackish ground water. It is said that Qatar's subsurface aquifers are being depleted at a rate seven times greater than the natural recharge rate. Water security would involve more energy efficient desalination techniques and aquifer recharging, among other aspects. As Qatar is committed to reducing its carbon footprint, the energy security work will include developing new photovoltaic, battery and grid management techniques to facilitate the incorporation of large amounts of solar power into Qatar's electricity grid. If examined in greater detail, it becomes clear that all of this research will require very significant HPC capabilities.
For cybersecurity, the need for HPC is self-evident. So, more than enough requirements were certainly in place.
How do things look six months later?
As an outcome from the Doha Round of UN climate talks in late 2012, Qatar committed itself to a significant engagement in climate change research; this research activity now appears to have been added to QEERI's agenda. As we know, climate change research is very compute intensive.
Both the formal presentations at the NCIR User Forum and the informal discussion in its breakout sessions provided additional details related to data-intensive computing and biomedical applications.
Last November, the existence of NCIR became evident to the world through the launching of a search for a permanent Executive Director (Moe Khaleel currently serves as its acting Executive Director). The position description states that NCIR's mission includes "Deploying and managing advanced technology to meet the large scale computing and data analysis needs of demanding science and engineering problems." It goes on to state "The Executive Director will provide overall leadership for NCRI, ensuring the Center's position as a world leader in the development and deployment of advanced cyber infrastructure." This certainly sounds like the description of a supercomputing center to me. Also, rumor has it that the Executive Director search may be close to a conclusion.
The first of several new buildings located in Qatar's Education City area is scheduled to be handed over to QF R&D later this year. We understand that this building, as is also the case with others to follow, is outfitted approximately 5 megawatts of power and a 1000 m2 computer room) to accommodate a significant amount of HPC equipment.
In his keynote address at the NCIR User Forum, Khaleel stated that one should "expect NCIR tools and facilities to be accessible to Qatar entities by December."
So, without taking too much liberty in interpretation, it would appear that Qatar is planning to join the supercomputing club by the end of this year.
If club membership is defined by having a position on the TOP500 list, it remains to speculate as to the entry point that Qatar might choose. Currently, the bottom spot on the list is occupied by a computer with a capability of just under 118 teraflops (Rmax). Getting into the top 100 would require about 335 teraflops. For the top 50 or top 10, it would be 710 teraflops and 4.3 petaflops, respectively.
If besting neighboring Saudi Arabia were an objective, that could be accomplished with 533 teraflops. Being comparable with the minimum computing capability of G8 countries would take about 358 teraflops.
If sized to meet a rough estimate of the capability needed to meet the requirements of Qatar's very ambitious research agenda, one might expect something in the range of at least a few petaflops.
So, based on all of this, my guess is that Qatar will choose to become the 29th country to join the supercomputing club and enter it in the mid to upper reaches of the top 50. What do you think? Let me know if your analysis differs from mine.


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Web Browser Security
Web Browser Security News
October 19, 2015
Adobe patches Flash zero-day used in foreign ministry attacks
Adobe has released an emergency patch for Flash zero-day vulnerabilities that have been exploited in the wild in attacks on foreign affairs ministries.
September 22, 2015
Certificate Transparency catches bad digital certificates from Symantec
Symantec testers created unauthorized Extended Validation certificates, but the bad certificates were caught by the Certificate Transparency log.
September 18, 2015
Cisco router malware in the wild more widespread than first believed
News roundup: Additional research shows a Cisco router implant affects more devices than originally reported. Plus: Let's Encrypt's first cert issued; Tor in the library; the mitigated (but not fixed) iOS AirDrop vulnerability.
July 31, 2015
Tor anonymity called into question as alternative browser surfaces
News roundup: New threats add to the Tor anonymity debate, as a new browser aims to take anonymous browsing to the next level. Plus: Android security outlook is bad -- or is it? Also, another Xen host escape flaw and Wassenaar revisions put on hold.
Web Browser Security Get Started
Bring yourself up to speed with our introductory content
Can opportunistic encryption improve browser security?
Opportunistic encryption offers encryption for servers that don't support HTTPS. Expert Michael Cobb explains how it works and how it can help Web security. Continue Reading
Can a walled garden approach help secure Web browsers?
While a walled garden can help secure Web browsers, they are not seen as beneficial by all. Expert Michael Cobb explains why. Continue Reading
Bloom cookies: Privacy without prohibiting Web personalization?
While cookies are critical to delivering personalized Web content, they are a privacy concern. Learn how adding Bloom filters to cookies can help enhance privacy while maintaining personalization. Continue Reading
Evaluate Web Browser Security Vendors & Products
Weigh the pros and cons of technologies, products and projects you are considering.
Can Google's Chrome extension policy improve Web security?
The updated Chrome extension policy allows users and developers to only install extensions from the Chrome Web Store. Learn how this affects security and enterprise apps. Continue Reading
Is Project Shumway a viable enterprise option to replace Flash?
Mozilla's Project Shumway was designed to replace the security-troubled Flash Player, so should it be on an enterprise's radar? Expert Michael Cobb discusses. Continue Reading
Do third-party DNS providers pose security risks?
Third-party DNS providers claim to improve browsing times and speeds, but are they a secure enterprise option? Expert Michael Cobb explains. Continue Reading
Product ReviewsPowered by IT Central Station
Pros and Cons of Barracuda's Web Filter and Load Balancer.Powered by IT Central Station
As the world is forever being influenced by the introduction of the information age, technology and technological marvels have exceeded the...Continue Reading
With the granular control we can block strategically. WAN optimization with bigger disk space would be an improvement.Powered by IT Central Station
Valuable Features: I would have to say for the Web Filter, the best features for me are the application control, content filtering and the...Continue Reading
Technically good...too much administration required..one of the best reporting..poor customer supportPowered by IT Central Station
Valuable Features: Email web and DLP • Improvements to My Organization: Organisation of emails • Room for...Continue Reading
Manage Web Browser Security
Learn to apply best practices and optimize your operations.
How can enterprises mitigate the risks of alternative browsers?
Expert Michael Cobb explains the security risks surrounding alternative browsers, as well as approaches enterprises can take to prevent BYOD employees from using them. Continue Reading
Are mobile persistent cookies a threat to enterprise data security?
While cookies can be helpful, mobile persistent cookies can pose a serious threat to users and enterprises. Expert Michael Cobb explains how to mitigate the risk and eliminate the threat. Continue Reading
Silverlight security: Defending against browser plug-in attacks
Silverlight security has been called into question following recent drive-by attacks on the browser plug-in. Expert Michael Cobb explains how to prevent these attacks. Continue Reading
Problem Solve Web Browser Security Issues
We've gathered up expert advice and tips from professionals like you so that the answers you need are always available.
How can address bar spoofing vulnerabilities be prevented?
Address bar spoofing attacks can be detrimental to an organization. Expert Michael Cobb details several vulnerabilities and explains how to defend against the threat. Continue Reading
How can enterprises prevent same-origin policy XSS vulnerabilities?
Researchers warned about the rise of a new cross-site scripting flaw involving same-origin policy. Expert Nick Lewis explains the vulnerability and how to prevent falling victim. Continue Reading
Are HTML5 mobile apps an enterprise security concern?
Gartner predicts more than half of all mobile apps will use HTML5 by 2016, but what threats will this cause the enterprise? Expert Michael Cobb discusses. Continue Reading


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The PTC Multi-CAD solution helps your product development team achieve full productivity and realize their potential by enabling them to share and reuse design data more easily. The solution accomplishes this objective seamlessly, and without sacrificing design intelligence, regardless of what CAD systems were used to create the original files. While past investments in software, data and training can create adoption challenges, the PTC Multi-CAD solution gives your company the flexibility to continue using multiple CAD systems in parallel, or evolve toward a more unified design environment over time. Either way, the solution can dramatically improve your product development process by making it more efficient and far easier to support.
Optimize Your Multi-CAD Environment
Using the PTC Multi-CAD Design solution, your design team can avoid wasting time on complex file conversions or the tedious process of rebuilding models from scratch. What's more, the solution allows secure access to up-to-date CAD data by your extended product development team and supply chain. All this enables better collaboration among cross-functional groups and reduces errors and delays, resulting in improved workflow, cost control, time-to-market and product quality.
The PTC advantage is fueled by technology solutions that transform the way you create, operate and service products.
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Art jobs
UX Designer SimplyApply
Simply Hired - Sunnyvale, CA
UX Designer Product | Sunnyvale, CA, United States Send Jobvite About The Team: We're a small product and design team looking for someone who's excited about ...
, Sponsored by Simply Hired
Visual Designer
Intuit - Mountain View, CA
Description Join the QuickBooks Mobile Design Team as a Visual Designer. We're re-creating how small businesses manage their finances, with a focus on mobile. Our big ...
, Sponsored by Intuit
Graphic Designer SimplyApply
Minuteman Health - Boston, MA
Minuteman Health is seeking a Graphic Designer responsible for designing MHI's marketing materials as well as interfacing with the various functions within the company that ...
, Sponsored by Minuteman Health
Lead Graphic Designer-Veritas
Veritas Technologies - Mountain View, CA
40053-Lead Graphic Designer-VERITAS Seeking an expert creative leader to bring strategy to life through a broad range of media including print, web, digital, and visual ...
NEW, Sponsored by Veritas Technologies
UX Digital Director
Farmers Insurance Group - Woodland Hills, CA
Farmers Insurance has an exciting opportunity to manage a dynamic, creative UX team within the Digital Marketing organization. This candidate will work seamlessly across ...
, Sponsored by Farmers Insurance Group
Graphic Art Archive/Inventory Staff SimplyApply
Espree Animal Products - Grapevine, TX
~~Espree Animal Products is a 30 year old manufacturer of natural and organic pet grooming and health products. Espree is growing at the rate of 10% to 20% over the last 5 ...
NEW, Sponsored by Espree Animal Products
XD Content Designer
Intuit - San Diego, CA
Description Content designers at Intuit are responsible for creating easy-to-understand, emotionally engaging user experience content that inspires customer confidence ...
, Sponsored by Intuit
Data Science Intern - Summer 2016
Maxpoint Interactive - Morrisville, NC
Data Science Intern We are considering students for internships in our Raleigh-Durham, NC and Austin, TX office. Job Description The ideal candidate is an unabashed data ...
, Sponsored by Maxpoint Interactive
Designer, User Experience
Walmart - Sausalito, CA
Position Summary Why User Experience @WalmartLabs? Design the global shopping experience of the future * Change the way 245 million customers shop for home, ...
NEW, Sponsored by Walmart
Senior Data Scientist
Maxpoint Interactive - Morrisville, NC
Senior Data Scientist MaxPoint is seeking data experts who are passionate about using data and cutting edge technology to solve unique big data problems. The ideal ...
, Sponsored by Maxpoint Interactive
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SHARPSBURG, Pa.—County health department officials say the bacteria that causes Legionnaires' disease has been found in the water system of a senior citizens' high-rise near Pittsburgh.
Allegheny County Health Department officials say one person has been hospitalized as a result of the disease, but she's been improving.
Health department officials notified the management at Sharpsburg Towers on Nov. 6 that the woman was sick, and that information was shared with other residents the next day. The water system has since been tested for the bacteria, and residents are being given bottled water to drink while the building's water system is purified.
About 100 people live in the building in the tiny suburb just east of the city. Nobody else has gotten sick.


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Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
The LES CHAUMETTES residences are located aprox. 200m from the slopes, ski lifts, ESF ski school and local shops. This recently built residence is made up of 110 apartments split over 5 storeys (with lift).
Two bedroom alcove apartment sleeping 10 people, approx. 52m2, living area sleeps 2, 2 bedrooms each sleeping 2, alcove with 2 sets of bunksAPARTMENT EQUIPPED WITH:Kitchenette with microwave/grill and dishwasher, balcony.
Self Catering
The price shown includes 7 nights accommodation,
on an accommodation only basis.


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If Charlie's getting married, is Jason the best man?
All the Madonna/A-Rod/A-Rod's wife/Lenny Kravitz drama is so patently manufactured I can't even be bothered to get excited by the prospect of Madonna sharking through the sexual waters again as a tabloid Tessie. When all the players share a manager, it's too obvious. Madonna looks like she's rolling her eyes as she dutifully appears in public with Guy, knowing this is what is needed. There is nothing to see here.
Equally ridiculous and much more serious is the identical media-coddled (so far) game being played by Florida's gay governor, Charlie Crist. No, he's not openly gay. But he's been single for three decades and several have come forward to out him. Outing is a good thing, IMHO, when you're talking about adults attempting to remain in the closet for financial gain because we all need to be taught—your wealth is not more important than our shared reality.
Outing is a great thing, IMHO, when you're talking about adults attempting to remain in the closet in order to rise up the ranks of the GOP. Right into the vice-presidential slot.
There is no mistaking how seriously John McCain is eyeing Charlie Crist as a possible veep. The idea that a Republican desperately needs a Florida governor to deliver Florida should be sign enough that McCain's McCampaign is taking an unanticipated dive into enemy jungles. But what else does Crist deliver? He's handsome and virile, but he's not rich (his net worth is $450,000, making him one of the, if not the, poorest governors in the country), he doesn't have national recognition, he's got white hair and he's probably gay. I'm guessing he'll be dyeing his hair soon and going on national talk shows more often, because he can't get rich overnight (and that's Cindy McCain's job anyway) and he's already fixing the gay part: He's getting engaged.
How do I know Crist is gay? I don't. How do I know Jodie Foster is gay? I don't. But short of being told directly by the person, there are many clues. Google "Charlie Crist is gay" and you get "about 1,450" hits; I'm not the first one to this party.
Crist had a long-term boyfriend (con Bruce Carlton Jordan) who was outed (see video), and a young Republican operative, Jon-Erik Hexum look-alike Jason Wetherington, bragged to friends that he'd bedded Crist. All of this is out there. All of this has been denied. But reading the reports and watching the news about it...does any of it, any of it at all, sound made up or far-fetched?
If you want to whine that we shouldn't out homos in politics, or that we should be happy that a gay man might be on a ticket (even secretly) or that the left always calls right-wing gays self-loathing hypocrites and it's just a cliché, consider this from an article linked above:
"Crist has repeatedly denied that he is gay and, with the election looming next week, has recently become more vocal in his stance against adoption by gay couples and in support of an amendment to the U.S. Constitution to ban gay marriage."
John McCain, I think it's great that you want to consider a gay guy as your veep. How terribly Democratic of you. But if you go through with it, we're going to keep barking until the media does its job and exposes him as the lying hypocrite that he is. You think the Clintons' sexual escapades got embarrassing? What stuff do you think is gonna bubble up from the swamps of Florida about a gay man in his 50s? That's a whole lot of life he's lived, and most of it is—so far—a big question mark.


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Ferame is the JAV HD network's all-oral endeavor, a blowjob site celebrating the mouthiest Japanese AV idols in the East. Hosting hundreds of fellatio movies and photo galleries, and connecting you to the booming 14-site JAV HD empire, Ferame not only acts as a gateway to a world of thrilling Japanese porn, it's also one of the few entirely uncensored J-porn sites currently accessible. If watching Japanese cuties drain the balls of their fellow countrymen and toss the resulting loads around on their tongues for your visual gratification is your bag, brother, dig Ferame and dig it now!
Tired of dropping your pants to worship the same few dozen American pornstars who've been thrust upon you by industry marketing campaigns and exclusive performance contracts? In need of a breath of musky, sex-scented air to give your porn viewing a new degree of enthusiasm? Why not try the glorious beauties of AV69 on for size. Japanese AV idols, the starring women of AV69 are much like any other Asian celebrity sexpot, only far more willing, even eager, to open their mouths and thighs for a wild, adventurous romp for the small screen audience. Much like its models, AV69 isn't perfect, but it's likely close enough for most.
I have no idea what the fuck a "Shiofuky" is, but I'm assuming it has something to do with A) sexy women, B) precipitous weather, or C) volcanoes. You see, Shiofuky is the token squirting site on the JAV HD network and as such it delivers some of the wettest, messiest, and most forceful female ejaculation you've ever seen. Leave it to the Japanese to push squirting porn into a higher gear and, dear reader, the results are spectacular. Now offering strong HD videos and 14-site network access, Shiofuky is looking better (and wetter) than ever.
Crack open a Tolkien tome and sit in the park across from a pre-release showing of a Star Wars, Star Trek, or superhero movie and you just might catch the attention of a nerd, particularly one of the more delicate and feminine variety. If your IRL efforts have amounted to nada, though, perhaps you should turn to Naughty Bookworms to live out your fantasies. A Naughty America site that sees every nerdy girl from Asgard to Middle Earth to Westeros get her fill of rock hard dick. (And perhaps a book recommendation or two, too!)
If the design of a brasserie can be considered "art" and erotic photography can be considered "art", imagine what erotic photographs of beautiful women wearing exquisitely designed lingerie could be called! The folks behind Only Tease and its sister sites seem to be of the mind that Art Lingerie is an appropriate term. So appropriate, in fact, that they've created a site of the same name built entirely around the idea that classy, seductive lingerie on a naturally beautiful model can, and indeed should be considered art. One look at Art Lingerie's tour pages and you'll be hard pressed to disagree, I'm sure.
Big and bold enough to take on the biggest and baddest BDSM porn sites on the 'net, the 46-site Fetish Network serves up everything from cigarette smoking and foot fetishism to extreme rope bondage, intense lesbian domination, and modeling auditions turned powerful pussy-slamming sessions. Promising Ultra-HD videos starring babes from Alby Rhydes to Whitney Stevens, Fetish Network seems unstoppable, but what's it really like inside the members area? Mr. Pink intends to find out!
Known in the adult entertainment industry as the originator of what is now termed "the California Style", William Higgins didn't start out setting trends and revolutionizing homosexual porn as we know it. He started out just taking pictures. Now, after four years in his new-ish online digs, William Higgins is doing better work than ever. His hunky, twinky models pose seductively, pleasure themselves, and, yes, engage in mass copulation, and it's all capture brilliantly by the camera of Mr. William Higgins.
Attempting to turn pornography into high art is a rather thankless task; you're either laughed at or nobody gets a boner. X-Art, however, seems to have hit the nail on the proverbial noggin with its exclusive collection of beautifully photographed and romantically performed hardcore sex scenes. Starring women you'll no doubt recognize as well as plenty of unfamiliar new faces, X-Art takes great care to emphasize the beauty, romance, sensuality, and eroticism present in its HD video and high-res photo updates. In short: X-Art makes it feel like you're jacking off in an art gallery… and we've all wanted to do that at least once, haven't we?
Copyright © 2015 - Mr. Pink's Porn Reviews - MrPinks.com. All rights reserved.


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Video vote: "TASER me" vs. Excited delirium
Round one, matchup two of Best of BLUtube features two suspects who are out of control in different ways
Which BLUtube video reigns supreme?
We post all kinds of police videos on BLUtube — some deadly serious, some funny, some just bizarre. With 'Best of BLUtube', we're putting the top viewed videos of all time head-to-head to determine which best resonates our audience.
Video 1: Woman screams "TASER me" at cops
Video 2: Excited delirium
|Back to previous page


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Today, the Center for Equality and Wells Fargo hosted the 6th annual Sioux Falls Pride Festival.
Many booths lined the grass of McKennan Park, and a wide variety of organizations were represented at today's festival. The goal of the event is to promote equality for LGBT and allied members.
"A lot of people don't realize that they know gay people and I think it's important for people to see that we're just like everybody else. We're your neighbors, your friends, your sisters, your parents," Former President of the Center for Equality Cheryl Bixby said.
The Pride Festival continues tonight with an after party at the Icon Lounge.


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State Assemblywoman Barbara Lifton, D-Ithaca, addresses a crowd of about 50 Monday outside the Tompkins County Courthouse. The group celebrated the Town of Dryden's victory in the final appeal of a landmark lawsuit on whether local hydrofracking bans are allowed under the state constitution. / ANDREW CASLER / Staff Photo
A map of New York towns and cities that have banned hydraulic fracturing or enacted moratoria against the gas extraction method. / FrackTracker / Photo Provided
ITHACA — Around 50 people gathered in front of the Tompkins County Courthouse Monday afternoon to celebrate a ruling by New Yorks highest court, upholding the legitimacy of local hydraulic fracturing bans.
This is just a red-letter day for us, for our state, for our country and for the world, State Assemblywoman Barbara Lifton, D-Ithaca, told the gathering.
The State Court of Appeals voted 5-2 in favor of the towns of Dryden and Middlefield.
Town of Dryden Deputy Supervisor Jason Leifer said that gas companies lied to New Yorkers with claims that they werent subject to local control.
The court saw through that; it was a much simpler case than they (Norse Energy) would make it out to be, he said.
Norse Energy is the company that challenged Drydens ban after Anschutz Exploration Corp. dropped out of the lawsuit.
The precedent-setting ruling was released Monday morning, and it decided that New York municipalities have the right to ban fracking, a controversial natural-gas extraction method.
This is the beginning of the end, I hope, I think we all believe, of the fossil fuel industry, Lifton said. The comment got cheers from the crowd.
Grassroots ban
Drydens fracking ban grew out of petitioning and political pressure from the Dryden Resources Awareness Coalition.
We gathered 1,600 signatures; we presented those signatures to the Town Board in April 2011, Dryden Resources Awareness Coalition spokeswoman Marie McRae, of Dryden, said.
The Dryden anti-fracking activists were tenacious, Dryden Town Supervisor Mary Ann Sumner said.
Dryden Resources Awareness Coalition, they were so committed, and they came back month after month after month, she said.
The town unanimously approved its ban on fracking on Aug. 2, 2011.
Anschutz Exploration Corp., which claimed it had invested more than $5 million to lease thousands of acres of land in Dryden for fracking, sued the town in 2011.
The company lost the case and then dropped its role in the lawsuit. It was replaced by Norse Energy, a now bankrupt, company based in Norway.
Drydens legal fees were approximately $38,000 for the initial lawsuit, according to the town, and appeals were handled pro bono by Earthjustice, a nonprofit law organization focused on environmental issues. The town won each of the cases two appeals.
There are a lot of smiles all the way around today, and were enjoying our moment while we can, McRae said.
Opposing viewpoint
The Dryden Safe Energy Coalition formed in opposition to Drydens anti-fracking activists. The group supports safe hydrofracking in New York state, spokesman Ron Szymanski, of Dryden, said.
To think that somehow we can replace natural gas, I dont know how you get there, Szymanski said. The Dryden Safe Energy Coalition looks to support safe hydrofracking in New York state, he added.
Dryden Safe Energy Coalition spokesman Henry Kramer, of Dryden, said the ruling means that Dryden and other New York towns will lose out on jobs from the natural gas industry.
I think thats an economic loss for the people of the area, he said.
Fight continues
Though the battle over local fracking bans and their legitimacy has been decided in the legal system, the fight over fracking will continue in New York.
Lifton said that a comprehensive health study on the effects of fracking still needs to be completed.
I know that you folks are going to continue the fight, as will I, Lifton said.
Sumner added that she doesnt think this ruling marks the end of potential fracking in Dryden.
I think when natural gas prices rise, and gas companies turn their eyes in this direction again, we will still have to evaluate and be prepared to stand for what we believe is important in this community, she said.