text:
Office of Information and Privacy (OIP), engaged in numerous
activities in discharging the Department's responsibility to
encourage agency compliance with the Freedom of Information Act
(FOIA). A summary description of these activities, which is
required by 5 U.S.C.
Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-231,
110 Stat. 3048, is set forth below.
the primary means by which the Justice Department
encouraged agency compliance with the FOIA during 2001 was through
OIP's counseling activities, which were conducted largely over the
telephone by experienced OIP attorneys known to FOIA personnel
throughout the executive branch as "FOIA Counselors." Through this
FOIA Counselor service, OIP provided information, advice, and
policy guidance to FOIA personnel at all federal departments and
agencies, as well as to other persons with questions regarding the
proper interpretation or implementation of the Act. OIP has established
a special telephone line to facilitate its FOIA Counselor
service -- (202) 514-3642 (514-FOIA) -- which it publicizes widely.
(OIP also receives telefaxed FOIA Counselor inquiries, at (202)
514-1009, and it maintains a Telecommunications Device for the Deaf
(TDD) telephone line -- (202) 616-5498 -- which gives it the capability
of receiving TDD calls from speech- or hearing-impaired persons.) While
most of this counseling was conducted by telephone,
other options were made available as well. The counseling services
provided by OIP during 2001 consisted of the following:
(1) OIP continued to provide basic FOIA Counselor guidance on
a broad range of FOIA-related subjects. Most of the FOIA Counselor
calls received by OIP involve issues raised in connection with
proposed agency responses to initial FOIA requests or administrative
appeals, but many are more general anticipatory inquiries
regarding agency responsibilities and administrative practices
under the Act. (The Department of Justice specifies that all agencies
intending to deny FOIA requests raising novel issues should
consult with OIP to the extent practicable -- see 28 C.F.R.
are very valuable in encouraging agency compliance with the Act.)
More than 2500 requests for assistance were received by OIP and
handled in this way during 2001, a continued large volume of such
inquiries in comparison to those received in earlier years.
involvement of OIP's supervisory personnel, often one or both of
its co-directors or its deputy director. Approximately 350 inquiries of this nature were handled in 2001.
inquiry requires more extensive discussion and analysis by OIP
attorneys, including supervisory attorneys, on the basis of the
information that is presented by the agency. Such a consultation
involves a meeting or teleconference between agency representatives
and OIP attorneys at which all factual, legal, and policy issues
related to the matter presented are thoroughly discussed and
resolved. There were fifty-six such formal consultations in 2001,
including twenty-one with the general counsel or deputy general
counsel of the agency involved. In addition, OIP provided
extensive consultation assistance to the Office of the Independent
Counsel (In re: Madison Guarantee Savings and Loan), to the
Special Master for the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund, and
to the Office of the Corporation Counsel for the District of
Columbia during the year.
FOIA matters in litigation, where advice and guidance are provided
at the request of, and in close coordination with, the Justice
Department's litigating divisions. This service involves OIP
reviewing issues and proposed litigation positions in a case from
both legal and policy standpoints, and then recommending positions
that promote uniform agency compliance with the Act. In some such
instances, OIP is asked to consult on litigation strategy and in
the drafting of briefs or petitions to be filed in district court
or a court of appeals. OIP is consulted in all instances in which
the Department of Justice must decide whether to pursue a FOIA
issue on appeal. OIP also is regularly consulted in all FOIA cases, and FOIA-related issues, that are handled by the Office of
the Solicitor General before the United States Supreme Court. Most
often, these litigation consultations are provided by one or both
of OIP's co-directors. There were approximately 125 such litigation consultations in 2001, including thirty-four that involved
recommendations as to the advisability of initial or further appellate court review and three that involved the question of
whether to seek or oppose certiorari in the Supreme Court. In one
such matter, OIP provided extensive substantive assistance to the
Office of the Solicitor General in support of the Department's
certiorari petition.
from its longstanding FOIA Update newsletter to a more high-tech
and cost-efficient counterpart named FOIA Post. The Justice
Department's FOIA Update newsletter was published from 1979 to
2000, in a paper format that became increasingly antiquated with
the passage of time. To remedy this, the Justice Department instituted FOIA Post in early 2001 as a novel and more effective means
of disseminating Freedom of Information Act-related information to
federal agencies and other interested parties through use of the
Department's FOIA Web site.
dissemination and an efficient vehicle for communicating FOIA-related information to agency FOIA personnel and others who are
interested in the Act's administration. It includes the same types
of FOIA guidance and information features that were disseminated in
paper form through FOIA Update, as well as additional FOIA-related
features, and it does so in a more efficient electronic form that
also makes effective use of electronic links to referenced
documents and other sources of information in a Web-based format.
See FOIA Post, "Introducing FOIA Post" (posted 3/14/01).
dissemination for the FOIA not only takes advantage of the cost-efficiencies of electronic communication, it also is in keeping
with the Act's growing emphasis on the disclosure of agency
information to the public electronically, through use of the World
Wide Web, under the provisions of the Electronic FOIA amendments.
Just as individual agency FOIA Web sites have become a vital means
by which the FOIA is administered at all federal agencies, all
agencies now can look to the Justice Department's FOIA Web site for
the most recent postings of information regarding matters of
governmentwide FOIA administration. The Justice Department has
recommended that this part of its FOIA Web site
(www.usdoj.gov/oip/foiapost/mainpage.htm) be electronically "bookmarked" by all agency FOIA personnel and others interested in the
Act for this purpose, and the response has been very positive to
readily accessing FOIA Post in this efficient fashion.
the guidance of federal agencies through FOIA Post. In addition to
several substantive policy guidance memoranda (discussed below),
OIP used its new FOIA Post mechanism to distribute on a quarterly
basis newly prepared descriptions of all FOIA decisions received by
OIP. See, e.g., FOIA Post, "New FOIA Decisions, January-March
2001" (posted 4/5/01). Further, with the establishment of FOIA
Post, OIP decided to prepare and publish compilations of all such
FOIA decisions issued during past years as well, beginning with the
immediately prior year and extending back in six-month intervals.
See, e.g., FOIA Post, "Compiled FOIA Decisions (Received
July-December 2000)" (posted 6/14/01). As of the end of the year,
OIP had issued six such compilations, covering the years 1998-2000.
during 2001 was OIP's summary compilation of the information that
is contained in the annual FOIA reports that are prepared by all
federal departments and agencies in accordance with the amended
annual reporting requirements of the Act. Although the Electronic
FOIA amendments do not require that it do so, OIP compiled an
aggregate summary of all agencies' annual FOIA report data for the
1999 fiscal year, and it announced its intention to prepare such
summaries in all following years as soon as all agencies' annual
data become available. See FOIA Post, "Summary of Annual FOIA
Reports for Fiscal Year 1999" (posted 10/15/01). OIP also used
this opportunity, through FOIA Post, to pointedly encourage all
agencies to "heed the Act's requirements for [the submission of]
annual FOIA reports in a timely fashion," so that such compilations
will not be unduly delayed by the tardiness of the last agency to
submit its annual FOIA report each year. See id.
OIP provided governmentwide notifications of FOIA training
opportunities during the year; it published a guest article by a
longtime FOIA professional entitled
"Looking Back on an Access Professional Career"; it announced the
results of the election for new officers and members of the board
of directors of the American Society of Access Professionals; and
it chronicled the course of appellate court and Supreme Court
action in a precedent-setting case involving the issue of waiver of
FOIA exemptions in litigation. In the latter discussion, OIP
included a compilation of all Supreme Court actions taken in FOIA
cases during the Act's nearly thirty-five-year history, together
with more than a dozen links to discussions of such cases in the
newly archived electronic files of the Department's previous FOIA
Update publication.
and advisory discussions of FOIA issues for the guidance of all
federal agencies, using its new FOIA Post online publication as its
primary means of policy dissemination. The major policy memorandum
issued during the year was the new statement of Administration
policy on the Freedom of Information Act that was issued to the
heads of all federal departments and agencies by Attorney General
John Ashcroft on October 12, 2001. This FOIA policy memorandum
emphasized the Administration's commitment to full compliance with
the FOIA as an important means of maintaining an open and
accountable system of government, while at the same time recognizing the importance of protecting the sensitive institutional,
commercial, and personal interests that can be implicated in
government records -- such as the need to safeguard national
security, to maintain law enforcement effectiveness, to respect
business confidentiality, to protect internal agency deliberations,
and to preserve personal privacy. It urged all agencies to
"carefully consider the protection of all such values and interests
when making disclosure determinations under the FOIA." Attorney
General's Memorandum for Heads of all Federal Departments and
Agencies regarding the Freedom of Information Act (Oct. 12, 2001),
reprinted in FOIA Post (posted 10/15/01).
memorandum, and following the tradition of such successive Attorney
General FOIA memoranda over a period of nearly twenty-five years,
the Ashcroft FOIA Memorandum articulated a new "sound legal basis"
standard governing the Department of Justice's decisions on whether
to defend agency actions under the FOIA when they are challenged in
court. See FOIA Post, "New Attorney General FOIA Memorandum
Issued" (posted 10/15/01). It also specifically advised all
agencies that they "should consult with the Department of Justice's
Office of Information and Privacy when significant FOIA issues
arise." Id.
This new Attorney General statement of FOIA policy was widely
disseminated throughout the executive branch in multiple ways.
In addition to its direct distribution to the heads of all federal
departments and agencies, OIP promptly forwarded it to the principal
administrative and legal FOIA contacts at all agencies, under
cover of a memorandum requesting that it be further disseminated as
widely and expeditiously as possible through administrative FOIA
channels within each agency as well. It also was immediately made
available to all agency FOIA personnel, as well as to all other
interested persons and members of the public, through FOIA Post.
See FOIA Post, "New Attorney General FOIA Memorandum Issued"
(posted 10/15/01). Additionally, within a week of the Ashcroft
FOIA Memorandum's issuance, OIP conducted a FOIA Officers
Conference in the Commerce Department's Main Auditorium for more
than 300 representatives of nearly all federal agencies, at which
OIP discussed the new FOIA policy memorandum and provided additional background materials to all participants.
protect critical federal systems, facilities, stockpiles, and other
assets from security breaches and harm -- and in some instances
from their potential use as weapons of mass destruction in and of
themselves -- in light of the horrific events of September 11, 2001
and the threat of further terrorist activity in their aftermath.
OIP reminded agencies that protection for records regarding such matters, if requested under the FOIA, is available under
Exemption 2 of the Act, 5 U.S.C.
assessment of, or statement regarding, the vulnerability of such a
critical asset should be protected pursuant to Exemption 2. See
FOIA Post, "New Attorney General FOIA Memorandum Issued" (posted
10/15/01) (citing FOIA Update, Vol. X, No. 3, at 3-4 ("OIP
Guidance: Protecting Vulnerability Assessments Through Application
of Exemption Two")). Further, OIP emphasized that a wide range of
information can be withheld under Exemption 2's "circumvention"
aspect, sometimes referred to as "high 2," as is discussed in the
"'High 2': Risk of Circumvention" Subsection of the "Exemption 2"
Section of the "Justice Department Guide to the Freedom of
Information Act." This subject, too, was discussed at the FOIA
Officers Conference that was held by OIP, at which OIP advised all
agencies to carefully avail themselves of the full measure of
Exemption 2's protection for their critical infrastructure
information as they continue to gather more of it, and assess its
heightened sensitivity, in the wake of the September 11 terrorist
topic discussed at the FOIA Officers Conference conducted in October
2001 was agency implementation of the electronic
availability and annual reporting requirements of the Electronic
Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996 (E-FOIA), in accordance
with a 2001 General Accounting Office (GAO) report entitled "Progress in Implementing the 1996 Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments" (Mar. 16, 2001). OIP prepared and widely
distributed an extensive policy guidance memorandum on that subject
almost immediately upon the report's issuance, in which it
discussed the findings of the GAO report in relation to the
requirements of E-FOIA and urged each federal agency to ensure that
it "both attains and maintains proper compliance with all of E-FOIA's
electronic availability requirements." FOIA Post, "GAO E-FOIA
Implementation Report Issued" (posted 3/23/01); see also FOIA Post,
"Agencies Continue E-FOIA Implementation" (posted 3/14/01). The
impact of this guidance was enhanced by the fact that OIP was able
to make special arrangements through GAO to include an original,
printed copy of GAO's report in its transmittal package. At the
same time, OIP also made an electronic version of this guidance
memorandum even more widely available through its FOIA Web site,
where it is accessible in a form that permits direct electronic
linkage to the GAO report and to the underlying guidance authorities that are cited within it.
agencies on the processes of agency preparation and submission of
the annual FOIA reports that all agencies are required to file on a
fiscal-year basis under the provisions of the Electronic FOIA
amendments, 5 U.S.C.
detailed guidance memorandum that addressed all points of concern
that were identified by GAO in its examination of agencies' annual
FOIA reports, as well as additional such points of focus that were
identified through OIP's own review. See FOIA Post, "Supplemental
Guidance on Annual FOIA Reports" (posted 8/13/01).
proper interpretation of the "inter-agency or intra-agency
memorandum" threshold requirement of Exemption 5 of the Act,
Court's decision in the case of Department of the Interior v. Klamath Water Users Protective Ass'n, 532 U.S. 1 (2001), issued on
March 5, 2001, and it is of particular concern to federal agencies
that need to rely on "outside consultants" -- or other similar,
possibly interested, parties -- in the effective performance of
their agency missions. OIP issued a comprehensive analysis of the
Supreme Court's decision, and of its underlying rationale, advising
that the Court's new threshold standard for Exemption 5 in Klamath
"necessarily went no further than excluding 'an interested party
[that is] seeking a Government benefit at the expense of other
applicants.'" FOIA Post, "Supreme Court Rules in Exemption 5 Case"
(posted 4/4/01). This guidance also addressed the important and
closely connected policy issue of the protection of certain
settlement-related records on the basis of the "settlement
privilege" under Exemption 5. See id. (citing FOIA Update, Vol.
VI, No. 4, at 3-4).
Additionally, during the year, OIP provided formal guidance to
agencies also on such subjects as the potential waiver of FOIA
exemptions during the course of litigation in cases in which underlying
FOIA exemptions or overlapping FOIA defenses are involved,
under the recent precedent of Maydak v. United States Department of
Justice, 218 F.3d 760 (D.C. Cir. 2000), reh'g en banc denied, No.
98-5492 (D.C. Cir. Oct. 30, 2000), cert. denied, 533 U.S. 950
(2001); on the mechanics of the record-redaction process that is
used in nonelectronic form by many agencies in their administration
of the Act; on the appropriate handling of requests from a FOIA
requester who files requests and lawsuits in the absence of the
proper payment of fees owed in accordance with agency FOIA
regulations; and on the proper administration of agency FOIA programs during the period of unprecedented delays in mail delivery
that were caused by the anthrax mail emergency throughout the last
quarter of 2001. On the latter subject, OIP advised agencies on
the proper determination of the date of "receipt" of a FOIA request
under such extraordinary circumstances, as well as of the statutory
requirements of administrative exhaustion, but it at the same time
also advised that "agency FOIA personnel should remember that FOIA
requesters are largely in the dark about the exact lengths of time
that their FOIA correspondence has been delayed," that they should
"take pains where necessary to advise requesters of the 'cut-off'
date that will be used to determine the scopes of records
responsive to their [delayed] requests," and that "FOIA requesters
will more readily understand and accept the consequences of the
extraordinary administrative delays that have resulted from this
unprecedented mail emergency if they realize that they apply
evenhandedly to all concerned." FOIA Post, "Anthrax Mail Emergency
Delays FOIA Correspondence" (posted 11/30/01).
Office (GPO) for a new publication schedule for its major reference
volume, entitled the Freedom of Information Act Guide & Privacy Act
Overview, which contains the "Justice Department Guide to the
Freedom of Information Act." It arranged for this publication to
complete its transition to a new biennial publication cycle,
according to which GPO will next publish it in May 2002 (no longer
at the end of a fiscal year), at which time it is expected that GPO
will be able to facilitate the printing and governmentwide
distribution of this reference volume on a more efficient timetable
than in the past. During 2001, OIP began preparations for
completion of the Guide & Overview's May 2002 edition.
were made available on the Department of Justice's FOIA Web site,
where they were fully accessible electronically -- and were
"keyword searchable" -- for ready reference purposes. Additionally, guidance items from FOIA Update (and now also from FOIA Post)
were used in all Justice Department FOIA-training programs and were
made available through such programs offered by the Graduate School
of the United States Department of Agriculture (including those
formerly conducted by the Office of Personnel Management) and by
the American Society of Access Professionals nationwide.
2001 was the "Department of Justice Freedom of Information Act Reference Guide," which was developed in accordance with the Electronic FOIA amendments and is a model for the counterpart reference
guides that are prepared by other federal agencies. This reference
tool for potential FOIA requesters describes the procedural aspects
of making a FOIA request, specifies the different types of records
that are maintained by the Department of Justice's many components,
and describes the types of records and information that are available to the public from the Department without the necessity of
making a FOIA request. It consists of fourteen pages, plus
detailed attachments, and it contains much information appropriate
for use by all other federal agencies in their FOIA reference
guides. This electronically available publication was supplemented
during 2001 with additional information regarding the Justice
Department's "major information systems," in accordance with a provision of the Electronic FOIA amendments, 5 U.S.C.
also was used by the Nations of Romania and Bulgaria in the
implementation of their new access statutes during the year.
amendments, 5 U.S.C.
maintained "a single electronic access point" for the consolidated
availability of the annual FOIA reports of all federal agencies.
In furtherance of this, OIP receives copies of each agency's annual
FOIA report each year and makes these reports promptly available at
its central electronic site. These annual FOIA reports, beginning
with those for fiscal year 1998, can be readily accessed by the
public on the Department's FOIA Web site at
www.usdoj.gov/oip/04_6.html. That FOIA site also contains the
major component parts of the Guide & Overview (where they can be
accessed at www.usdoj.gov/oip/04_7.html) to afford electronic
access to them as well.
Additionally, in 2001 OIP expanded its process of reviewing
all agencies' annual reports as they are sent to it for this
electronic availability purpose, and then contacting individual
agencies to discuss and resolve any identified question or discrepancy
with them, in accordance with the 2001 report of the General
Accounting Office entitled "Progress in Implementing the 1996
Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments" (Mar. 16, 2001).
This GAO report found the Department of Justice itself to be in
full compliance with the electronic availability requirements of
the amended statute, see id. at 20-22, and it included a complementary statement about the quality of the implementation guidance
that agencies have received from the Department as well, see id. at
31. Also, as noted above, OIP in 2001 initiated its practice of
preparing compilations of agency annual FOIA report data on a
governmentwide basis each year.
for a variety of seminars, conferences, individual agency training
sessions, and similar programs designed to promote the proper
administration of the FOIA within the executive branch and/or a
greater understanding of the Act's administration by those outside
of the executive branch. Twenty professional staff members of OIP
gave a total of 179 training presentations during the year,
including several training sessions designed to meet the specific
FOIA-training needs of individual agencies. Such individualized
training sessions were conducted for the United States Postal
Service, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Defense Contract Audit
Agency, the Minerals Management Service, and the U.S. Army Materiel
Command; for the Departments of State, Transportation, and
Commerce; and for several individual components of the Justice
Department, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation. OIP
training presentations also were made at the Federal Dispute
Resolution Conference, at a forum sponsored by the Business Information Subcommittee of the American Bar Association, and at the
Graduate School of the United States Department of Agriculture.
Additionally, the co-directors of OIP gave a total of 114 presentations
at various FOIA-training programs, including those held
by the American Society of Access Professionals, the Freedom Forum,
the National Press Club, the Army Judge Advocate General's School,
and the Society of Professional Journalists. They made keynote
presentations at the NLRB's National FOIA Conference, NASA's Annual
FOIA Conference, the National U.S. Attorneys Civil Chiefs Conference,
the Federal Aviation Administration's Annual FOIA Conference,
and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Regional
Counsel Conference. Additionally, one of the co-directors made
several presentations under the auspices of the American Embassy in
Mexico City, Mexico to promote transparency-in-government initiatives
in that nation, and one of the co-directors represented the
United States in a transcontinental teleconference with Romanian
Parliamentary officials, including the Romanian Secretary of State,
in aid of the adoption of open government legislation in Romania.
In conjunction with the Justice Department's National Advocacy
Center, OIP conducted a wide range of FOIA-training programs in
2001, ranging from half-day introductory sessions for non-FOIA
personnel to advanced programs for highly experienced FOIA personnel.
OIP's basic two-day training course, entitled "The Freedom of
Information Act for Attorneys and Access Professionals," was
conducted several times during 2001 in Columbia, South Carolina,
which is now the base location of the National Advocacy Center. During
2001, OIP worked with the National Advocacy Center to expand
both the size and the availability of its FOIA-training programs,
including through the presentation of OIP's basic FOIA-training
course twice during the year in Washington, D.C.
OIP also conducted two sessions in 2001 of its "Freedom of
Information Act Administrative Forum," a training program devoted
almost entirely to administrative matters arising under the Act --
such matters as record-retrieval practices, multitrack queue usage,
backlog management, affirmative disclosure, and automated record
processing. Designed to serve also as a regular forum for the
governmentwide exchange of ideas and information on matters of FOIA
administration, this training program brings veteran FOIA
processors from throughout the government together and encourages
them to share their experience in administering the Act on a daily
basis. Also conducted twice in 2001 was OIP's "Advanced Freedom of
Information Act Seminar," each session of which featured a
presentation by the FOIA Coordinator for the National Security
Archive on the administration of the FOIA from the perspective of a
FOIA requester and also contained a newly designed program on the
electronic availability and annual FOIA reporting requirements of
the Electronic FOIA amendments as addressed by the GAO report
discussed above. As also is discussed above, OIP's major training
program during the year was its FOIA Officers Conference for more
than 300 agency personnel that it conducted upon the issuance of
the Attorney General's FOIA Memorandum of October 12, 2001.
OIP conducted a number of general or specific FOIA briefings
during 2001 for persons interested in the operation of the Act,
such as representatives of foreign governments concerned with the
implementation or potential adoption of their own government
information access laws. OIP provided briefings and FOIA materials to
representatives of Great Britain, Hungary, Slovenia, the Dominican
Republic, China, Mongolia, Bulgaria, and the Ukraine. It also provided
such office briefings to a dozen Members of the Mexican
Congress, to the Acting Director of the Administrative Management
Bureau of Japan, and to Romania's Secretary of State.
the District of Columbia Government in connection with the D.C.
Council's consideration of both legislative and administrative
reform of the operation of its statutory counterpart to the Freedom
of Information Act; it provided briefing assistance in support of
the Cyber Warning Information Network to the Critical
Infrastructure Assurance Office; it hosted an inter-agency meeting
for the National Security Council on the protection of homeland
security-related records in the post-September 11 environment; it
hosted an inter-agency meeting on the coordination of FOIA-related
matters in connection with the newly established Joint Terrorism
Task Force and the subsequently established Foreign Terrorism
Tracking Task Force; it held an inter-agency meeting to reconcile
differences in multiple-agency treatment of common issues for purposes of annual FOIA reporting requirements; and it provided
substantive editorial assistance to the American Bar Association
(ABA) in editing the ABA's "FOIA Black Letter Law" publication as
part of the ABA Administrative Law Section's "Administrative
Procedure Act Project."
pertaining to FOIA-related matters and, in its "FOIA Ombudsman"
capacity, see FOIA Update, Vol. XIV, No. 3, at 8, it responded to
several complaints received directly from members of the public who
were concerned that an agency had failed to comply with the
requirements of the Act. In all such instances involving a concern
of agency noncompliance, the matter was discussed with the agency
and, wherever appropriate, a recommendation was made regarding the
steps needed to be taken by the agency in order to bring it into
proper compliance.
members of the public seeking information regarding the basic
operation of the Act or related matters during the year, as well as
to innumerable such inquiries received by telephone. The number of
written inquiries received during 2001 was less than that of recent
years, due not only to the increased availability of information to
the public through the Justice Department's FOIA Web site, but also
to the fact that mail delivery to OIP was curtailed and then
greatly delayed during most of the fourth quarter of the year. See
FOIA Post, "Anthrax Mail Emergency Delays FOIA Correspondence"
(posted 11/30/01) (noting the curtailment of mail service at the
Department of Justice, as well as elsewhere, as of October 19,
2001). All such delayed inquiries were responded to as quickly as
possible upon resumption of regular mail service in early 2002.
Go to: Table of Contents//
DOJ FOIA Page//
Justice Department Home Page
Updated July 23, 2014


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Riley blunt in criticism of Celtics team President
Celtics president critical of LeBron
Published On: Mar 29 2013 06:54:16 PM EDT Updated On: Mar 30 2013 08:35:19 PM EDT
In response to Celtics President of Basketball Operations, Danny Ainge's criticism of Heat star LeBron James, Heat President Pat Riley said,
"Danny Ainge needs to shut the f--- up and manage his own team. He was the biggest whiner going when he was a player. I know that because I coached against him."
Ainge characterized James as a complainer following James comments after Miami's loss in chicago. The Heat star spoke out about some of the hard fouls that he's been taking on the court.
The Heat have confirmed this statement.


text:
Home > Prolapse > Hysterectomy
Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH)
LAVH Indications
Drs. Miklos and Moore believe the Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) is the most beneficial way of removing the uterus if these symptoms are present while addressing any coexisting problems. They agree with a recently published study by Marana et. al., which demonstrated that a laparoscopic hysterectomy may replace abdominal hysterectomy in most patients who require a hysterectomy and have contraindications to Vaginal Hysterectomy, with all the benefits associated with the vaginal route. Secondary to their laparoscopic skills they are able to complete hysterectomy laparoscopically, even in the case of very larger uteri (they recently removed one that was 1.3 Kg in size, i.e. approx 22 wk size!) secondary to uterine fibroids or other pathology. Drs. Moore and Miklos complete most of their reconstructive surgery laparoscopically, therefore completing a laparoscopic hysterectomy at the same time is part of their standard approach for removal of the uterus.
Advantages of Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH)
- Miniature Abdominal Incisions (<1.2 cm)
- Decreased Post Operative Pain
- Shortened Post Operative Recovery
- Fewer Post Operative Infections
- Fewer Adhesions
- Shortened Hospitalization (<24 Hours)
- Access to Advanced Pelvic Reconstruction Procedures


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Dishney: BREAKING--Roy E. Disney Dead at Age 79
Categories: Breaking News, Dishney
Roy E. Disney was the nephew of Walt Disney and a longtime executive for the Walt Disney Company, which was founded by both Walt Disney and Roy E. Disney's father, Roy Oliver Disney.
Many remember Roy E. Disney for his role in toppling two Disney execs, Ron Miller (1984) and Michael Eisner (2005).
Though rumors of Roy E. Disney's declining health had been swirling since early 2009, further details of his death have not yet been released.
Edit, 12:30 p.m.: The Los Angeles Times is reporting Roy E. Disney had been battling stomach cancer and passed away at Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian in Newport Beach.
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Hospital Bahagia located in Tanjung Rambutan, Perak is the largest
psychiatric hospital in Malaysia and it is the secondary and
tertiary referral center for the northern states of Malaysia. Tanjung Rambutan
was first identified as a suitable location for a federal lunatic
asylum by Dr W.F. Samuels in 1910. He became the first medical
director upon completion of the hospital in 1911.
The entire hospital then consisted of three male wards and one
female ward, separated by the hospital kitchen. The hospital was
renamed the Central Mental Hospital in 1928 after the medical and
nursing facilities were upgraded. The name was changed to Hospital
Bahagia Ulu Kinta in the 1970s because of the negative connotations
associated with "mental hospital".
Due to the scarcity of mental healthcare services in those days, a
community psychiatry unit was established. Hospital Bahagia staff
conducted psychiatry clinics at public places such as churches,
community halls and temples. This led to the establishment of
peripheral psychiatric clinics that operated regular office hours
for patients whose homes were more than 30km from Hospital Bahagia.
The easy availability of these services meant patients could stay in
their own homes amidst familiar surroundings while receiving
follow-up treatment.
Follow-up services for stable psychiatric patients in primary
healthcare centres in Perak began in 1997 in an effort to
decentralise mental healthcare services.
Type of treatment available at Hospital Bahagia included:
• Medications
• Recovery
• ET Counseling Psychotherapy
• Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT)
Hospital Bahagia Facilities:
• Cafeteria
• Convenience Stores
• Library
• Multipurpose Hall
• Soccer Field
• Gymnasium
All Right
Reserved © 2011-2015


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On December 3, the biggest names in the Lean Startup world and a slew of entrepreneurs will gather at The Lean Startup Conference in San Francisco. Lean Startup Seattle was named the official simulcast partner for Seattle and will stream the entire single-track event at The Hub (220 S 2nd Ave, Seattle, WA ) , free of charge. Join us to watch, learn and discuss how to be more innovative, use people's time better, and be more successful.
Whether you're new to Lean Startup methods or have been putting these practices to use in your organization, this event promises to educate and inform. The Lean Startup Conference brings together innovators from startups, Fortune 500 companies, government agencies and non-profit organizations to share lessons for building profitable lean organizations. More than 30 entrepreneurs will speak about their first-hand experiences, with keynotes including:
Marc Andreessen, co-founder and general partner at Andreessen Horowitz
Steve Blank, serial entrepreneur, author, lecturer at Stanford
Beth Comstock, chief marketing officer at GE
Eric Ries, author of The Lean Startup
While knowledge about the new science of entrepreneurship has gone global, startup ecosystems are always local. Come to The Hub Seattle , 220 S 2nd Ave, Seattle at 9:00 to meet fellow Seattle entrepreneurs interested in creating and managing successful startups.
Please Register at: http://leanstartupconference-seattle-2012.eventbrite.com/
PLEASE NOTE: The regular Meetup event will still be held right after this event at the normal location (The EASY) and will feature Gilad Berenstein from Utrip.
"Lean Startup isn't about being cheap [but is about] being less wasteful and still doing things that are big."
- Eric Ries
To learn more about the conference and its speakers, visit The Lean Startup Conference at http://leanstartup.co/. Read about the Lean Startup movement and principles at http://theleanstartup.com/.
Wow! What a great lineup of dynamic speakers, telling their stories to share their wisdom and experience. And, what a great mix of formats: talks, panels, retrospectives, keynote-ish talks, and interviews. With so much information to process, it would have been very difficult to stay engaged without such a variety. Very well done.
And, what a diverse group of presenters.
0 · December 5, 2012
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Stapleton, John E. Scholarship
Awarded to an incoming or current student who is a Cayuga County resident, demonstrates financial need, and plans to pursue a career in accounting or business. Preference will be given to a minority.
Amount: $448
Recipient Selected by:
Financial Aid
- Selection Based on Financial Need
- For Incoming Students
- For Business Students
- Cayuga County Residents Only
- FAFSA Required
Click here to return to the Scholarship Amounts and Recipient Selectors listing.


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Drive Tanks
Crush Cars
About Us
Tank Town USA is the ultimate heavy equipment playground. Whether you want to drive a tank, a military truck, operate an excavator, or even use a tank to crush a car, Tank Town USA has it all.
Our professional instructors will put you in the driver's seat as you wreak havoc upon our 5-acre course of mud, hills, valleys, and – if you get the car crush package – a car just waiting to feel your fury.
Gift Certificates
Need a really unique gift? Give them an experience they'll never forget. Whether it's just the tank drive or you spring for the car crush, it's a surefire winner.


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November 27, 2015
MEMPHIS, Tenn. (AP) -- A teenager and a Memphis Police officer have both survived shooting each other.
A news release from city police stated the officer spotted a vehicle reported stolen and saw a man fleeing from it late Wednesday afternoon. The 30-year-old officer gave chase on foot and police said the two struggled briefly before the suspect pulled a pistol and shot the police officer, who returned fire.
Both were taken to the Regional Medical Center.
Police said the 19-year-old suspect was in critical condition Wednesday night. The officer, who was reported to have been struck on a bullet-resistant vest, was not critically hurt.
Police found the vehicle the suspect was driving had been taken in a carjacking on Monday.
No charges were immediately filed and the officer was placed on administrative leave
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
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November 28, 2015
DANVILLE, Ky. (WKYT) - Police have arrested a man after an early morning fire at a Danville Health Care facility.
Firefighters were dispatched to a fire at Charleston Health Care around 5:30am Monday morning.
Police say the fire started in a structure behind the building.
Employees told police they spotted a person in the building at the time the fire was started. Everyone was able to evacuate the area safely and no injuries were reported.
Firefighters were able to extinguish the fire with minimal damage to the building.
After some investigation police arrested 22-year-old Daniel Hagen Souleyrette on the scene and charged him with Alcohol intoxication and Burglary. Danville Police are continuing to investigate the incident and say more charges may be filed.
The cause of the fire is still under investigation.
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Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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January 01, 2007 |
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South Panola School District Batesville, Miss.
An effective communicator is difficult to find. An inspirational one with fresh ideas is rare. So when a communicator makes us realize that the words we speak, consume and ultimately digest are as important as the food we eat, and that the ideas we embrace are as important as the actions we take, we snap to attention and listen up.
Ronald Reagan was an effective communicator.
So is Robert Chapman, the transportation director for the South Panola School District in Batesville, Miss.
A former junior high school principal, Chapman has served as the district's transportation director for the past 14 years. Located just east of the Mississippi Delta, the district services approximately 484 square miles of rural terrain boasting both hills and lowland with temperatures ranging from 25 to 100 degrees. The district's 88-person, 67-bus transportation department almost-seamlessly shuttles 4,000 of the district's 5,000 students to and from eight schools.
The key to the district's smooth, virtually problem-free operation? The man at the helm.
A humble man, Chapman brings fresh ideas to the mix and forges invaluable partnerships. His genuine love for his community and job manifests itself as innovative solutions to age-old problems.
For example, Chapman's very low turnover rate can be attributed to his decision to place drivers within the specific communities they reside. Most of his drivers know the students they transport, not to mention their parents.
The placement of drivers in their communities also led to more effective behavioral management policies. "The driver hands the written report to the parent, the parent disciplines the child and the majority of the problems are resolved," says Chapman.
A further incentive fueling appropriate bus behavior is that all students with a perfect year-end record receive wristbands, pencils and rulers with bus rules. Drivers with a disciplinary- and accident-free year receive the coveted inscribed South Panola yellow jacket.
But Chapman's "mutually-beneficial" incentive programs are not limited to students and his drivers. Many drivers hold traditional 9-to-5 jobs. As such, Chapman created what is akin to a business or employee exchange. Drivers work for Chapman, and in return, they can use their buses for transportation to their day jobs.
To ensure a healthy fleet, Chapman's shop foreman runs a tight preventative maintenance program, incorporating a thorough 10-point system.
Each bus is checked over by two fuel mechanics daily, and mid-way through the daily runs, Chapman himself personally inspects every vehicle in operation. Additionally, the all-diesel fleet undergoes a 26-point inspection quarterly and 10 percent of the fleet is updated annually.
As such, at the end of the day, Chapman leaves the office with the knowledge of a job well done by all. "I love my job. I get to serve the entire district," says Chapman. "But I also miss the one-on-one interaction with the students I had when I was principal. That was special, too."
Fleet Facts Buses: 67 Students transported daily: 4,000 Total students in district: 5,000 Schools served: 8 Transportation staff: 88 Area of service: 484 square miles Average driver wage: $9/hour
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Featured Shipmates
Anally Correct
Submission Date: 2007-02-10
0:57:22 HD Video / 512+ Pictures available
What are friends for but to hook you up with fine girls. My first mate Josh brought over a couple of spinners to check out my boat, and they were hot as hell. This two cute little asses did not wait to get on the boat to get them started, but once they got in the boat, they started licking and helping each other out in ways that I have not seen in a LONG time. Like I always say. Two asses are better then one.


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Leigh-Chantelle interviews Derek Goodwin from Vegan Radio
Written by Leigh-Chantelle
Created Friday, 09 May 2014
Here's another podcast interview - this time with Derek Goodwin. We talk about photography, yoga, veganism and the Vegan Radio podcast.
See below for the Video and Podcast:
Here's the video:
Here's the Podcast:
Listen on iTunes, Podomatic, ScatterRadio & Stitcher.
Here's Derek's Valentine's Day Vegans Dating & Dating Vegans podcast - my part is around 0:51:50 - See my Blog
See more Interviews with Inspiring Vegans here.
|← How can you Disagree or Debate with someone without Arguing?
|Leigh-Chantelle's Vlog: April Happenings - Video →


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Posts tagged camping
California Camping – The Anza Borego
Apr 10th
Posted by joelgerard in Environment
I've been meaning to add this to my blog for quite a while now. If you're looking for great camping spots in California, the Anza Berego is fantastic. There's free camping within a certain distance from the road, and they ask you to re-use spots. This was the view from our first spot.
If I remember correctly, they also allow fires in a container (they're still digging up ash from 100s of years ago, so it sticks around). Pack it out you know. At anyrate, this was probably the greatest camping spot we've found so far in California. Beautiful place, lots of wildlife, and so quiet. And if you're looking for adventure, well there's always Mt. Pinyon. There's a sign on this road saying "4×4 Recommended". Hah! Reading the web on it later, a lot of folks claim you can't even do it with a stock 4×4. We did it when I Suzuki was still stock, although I couldn't open my door by the end of it. You can check out those pics here but we stopped taking photos when we thought the truck was going to roll. There are better pics here (you'll see the one fellah dropped the one wheel too much). I think the funniest part of the Mt Pinyon pass is that some of the climbs were too steep to do with all our stuff in the truck. I actually had to unpack all our shit, hike it up, and then drive up. I've just lifted the suspension and put in a new transfer case with lower gear ratios from Calmini.
If you like the quiet and the outdoors, and don't mind free camping (there are paid campsites too), you'll love the Anza. We did.


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We created Pandora to put the Music Genome Project directly in your hands
It's a new kind of radio –
stations that play only music you like
Who Am I Living For?
Features of This Trackelectronica influences
disco influences
a subtle use of vocal harmony
use of a string ensemble
prominent use of synth
subtle use of acoustic piano
prominent percussion
romantic lyrics
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
Similar Tracks
Say your crushes name
Closer your hand
Pick a school day
Say your name
Post this 15 other songs
2.say your crush's name
3.close your left hand
4.say a week day
Post this on 15songs then your crush will ask you out
if you copy an paste this on ten comments in
ten minutes you will have the best day of your
life tomorrow. You will either be kissed or
asked out. If you break the chain, you will see a
little girl in your room tonight. In the next 53
minutes someone will say I love you or I'm
enjoy the songs that
You make ;) :)


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TestosteroneOctober 2010
Metabolic syndrome, testosterone deficiency and erectile dysfunction never come alone.
Until a decade ago the ailments of elderly men, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction (ED), were regarded as distinct diagnostic/therapeutic entities but there is a growing awareness that these entities are not disparate and, to improve the health of the ageing male, require an integral approach. There is an inter-dependence between the metabolic syndrome, ED and patterns of testosterone in ageing men. The main features of the metabolic syndrome are abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, significant factors in the aetiology of erectile function. The metabolic syndrome is associated with lower-than-normal testosterone levels. A new concept of the role of testosterone in male physiology suggests that testosterone plays also a significant role in the development and maintenance of bone and muscle mass and is a determinant of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Testosterone is not only a factor in libido but exerts also essential effects on the anatomical and physiological substrate of penile erection. With these recent insights, the health problems of elderly men must be placed in a context that allows an integral approach. Treatment of testosterone deficiency is to become part and parcel of this approach.
Andrologia. 2008 Aug;40(4):259-64
Androgens, insulin resistance and vascular disease in men.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing globally and is an established risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Insulin resistance is the hallmark feature of type 2 diabetes and is also an important component of the metabolic syndrome. There is evidence to suggest that testosterone is an important regulator of insulin sensitivity in men. Observational studies have shown that testosterone levels are low in men with diabetes, visceral obesity (which is strongly associated with insulin resistance), coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome. Short-term interventional studies have also demonstrated that testosterone replacement therapy produces an improvement in insulin sensitivity in men. Thus hypotestosteronaemia may have a role in the pathogenesis of insulin-resistant states and androgen replacement therapy could be a potential treatment that could be offered for improvements in glycaemic control and reduction in cardiovascular risk, particularly in diabetic men.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Sep;63(3):239-50
Testosterone in obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Testosterone levels are reduced in obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Low testosterone levels are now being recognised as an independent risk factors for these conditions. Findings from men undergoing androgen suppression as treatment for prostate cancer confirm that the hypogonadal state increases body fat mass and serum insulin and there is a high rate of developing new diabetes in this population. Clinical trial data are consistent in showing reductions in body fat mass during testosterone replacement therapy. There are also trials showing improvements in insulin resistance and glycaemic control with testosterone. Most of the trials in this area to date have been of small size and the promising results require confirmation in larger trials, which are underway. In the longer term, large trials should be conducted to assess the potentially beneficial effects of testosterone on cardiovascular risk in this and other patient groups. In the meantime physicians involved in the care of men with diabetes should remain vigilant for the symptoms and signs of hypogonadism. Testosterone replacement therapy should be considered for those men with subsequently confirmed hypogonadism.
Front Horm Res. 2009;37:74-90
Men's health, low testosterone, and diabetes: individualized treatment and a multidisciplinary approach.
Testosterone plays a critical role in male reproductive and metabolic functioning. Serum testosterone levels decrease with age, and low testosterone is associated with a variety of comorbidities, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Men with type 2 diabetes have been shown to have significantly lower testosterone levels than men without diabetes. Several forms of testosterone replacement therapy (eg, oral, injectable, buccal, transdermal preparations) are available for use in the United States. The primary goals of testosterone therapy are to restore physiologic testosterone levels and reduce the symptoms of hypogonadism. Testosterone therapy may be a viable option in some men with diabetes and low testosterone; however, clinicians must be aware of contraindications to therapy (eg, prostate cancer and male breast cancer), implement appropriate monitoring procedures, and ensure that patient expectations are realistic regarding treatment outcome. Data suggest that testosterone therapy may have a positive effect on bones, muscles, erythropoiesis and anemia, libido, mood and cognition, penile erection, cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, and quality of life. Sexual health may be a window into men's health; thus, more effective communication strategies are needed between clinicians and men with diabetes to ensure that sexual health topics are adequately addressed. Diabetes educators can play a key role in screening for low testosterone, providing relevant information to patients, and increasing clinician awareness of the need to address men's sexual health and implement appropriate strategies. Multidisciplinary care and individualized treatment are needed to optimize outcome.
Diabetes Educ. 2008 Nov-Dec;34 Suppl 5:97S-112S
The role of testosterone in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in men.
Over the last three decades, it has become apparent that testosterone plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of risk factors predisposing to diabetes mellitus type 2, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The main components of the syndrome are visceral obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, raised blood pressure and dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and a pro-inflammatory and thrombogenic state. Cross-sectional epidemiological studies have reported a direct correlation between plasma testosterone and insulin sensitivity, and low testosterone levels are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dramatically illustrated by androgen deprivation in men with prostate carcinoma. Lower total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) predict a higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome. There is evidence that hypotestosteronemia should be an element in the definition of the metabolic syndrome since low levels of testosterone are associated with or predict the development of the metabolic syndrome and of diabetes mellitus. Administration of testosterone to hypogonadal men reverses part of the unfavorable risk profile for the development of diabetes and atherosclerosis. So far, studies on the effects of normalization of testosterone in hypogonadal men on glucose homeostasis are limited, but convincing, and if diabetes mellitus is viewed in the context of the metabolic syndrome, the present results of testosterone treatment are very encouraging.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2009 Nov;53(8):901-7
Lower sex hormone-binding globulin is more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than lower total testosterone in older men: the Health in Men Study.
BACKGROUND: Reduced circulating testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are implicated as risk factors for metabolic syndrome. As SHBG increases with age while testosterone declines, we examined the relative contributions of SHBG and testosterone to the risk of metabolic syndrome in older men. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,502 community-dwelling men aged > or = 70 years without known diabetes. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. Early morning fasting sera were assayed for total testosterone, SHBG and LH. Free testosterone was calculated using mass action equations. RESULTS: There were 602 men with metabolic syndrome (24.1%). The risk of metabolic syndrome increased for total testosterone < 20 nmol/l, SHBG < 50 nmol/l and free testosterone < 300 pmol/l. In univariate analyses SHBG was associated with all five components of metabolic syndrome, total testosterone was associated with all except hypertension, and free testosterone was associated only with waist circumference and triglycerides. In multivariate analysis, both total testosterone and especially SHBG remained associated with metabolic syndrome, with odds ratios of 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-1.52) and 1.77 (95% CI: 1.53-2.06) respectively. Men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (total testosterone < 8 nmol/l, LH < or = 12 IU/l) had the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (53%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Lower SHBG is more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than lower total testosterone in community-dwelling older men. SHBG may be the primary driver of these relationships, possibly reflecting its relationship with insulin sensitivity. Further studies should examine whether measures that raise SHBG protect against the development of metabolic syndrome in older men.
Eur J Endocrinol. 2008 Jun;158(6):785-92
Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
Recent work shows a high prevalence of low testosterone and inappropriately low LH and FSH concentrations in type 2 diabetes. This syndrome of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH) is associated with obesity, and other features of the metabolic syndrome (obesity and overweight, hypertension and hyperlipidemia) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the duration of diabetes or HbA1c were not related to HH. Furthermore, recent data show that HH is also observed frequently in patients with the metabolic syndrome without diabetes but is not associated with type 1 diabetes. Thus, HH appears be related to the two major conditions associated with insulin resistance: type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. CRP concentrations have been shown to be elevated in patients with HH and are inversely related to plasma testosterone concentrations. This inverse relationship between plasma free testosterone and CRP concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes suggests that inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. This is of interest since inflammatory mechanisms may have a cardinal role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. It is relevant that in the mouse, deletion of the insulin receptor in neurons leads to HH in addition to a state of systemic insulin resistance. It has also been shown that insulin facilitates the secretion of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) from neuronal cell cultures. Thus, HH may be the result of insulin resistance at the level of the GnRH secreting neuron. Low testosterone concentrations in type 2 diabetic men have also been related to a significantly lower hematocrit and thus to an increased frequency of mild anemia. Low testosterone concentrations are also related to an increase in total and regional adiposity, and to lower bone density. This review discusses these issues and attempts to make the syndrome relevant as a clinical entity. Clinical trials are required to determine whether testosterone replacement alleviates symptoms related to sexual dysfunction, and features of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and inflammation.
Curr Mol Med. 2008 Dec;8(8):816-28
The dark side of testosterone deficiency: III. Cardiovascular disease.
A considerable body of evidence exists suggesting that androgen deficiency contributes to the onset, progression, or both of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this review is to evaluate the relationships between testosterone (T) deficiency and risk factors of CVD and to discuss the implications of androgen deficiency in men with cardiovascular risk factors. The relationship between androgen deficiency and endothelial function, lipid profiles, inflammatory responses, altered vascular smooth muscle reactivity, and hypertension are discussed with regard to CVD. A comprehensive literature search was carried out with the use of Pub Med from 1980 through 2009, and relevant articles pertinent to androgen deficiency and vascular disease were evaluated and discussed. Low T, whether attributed to hypogonadism or androgen deprivation therapy, in men with prostate carcinoma, produces adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Androgen deficiency is associated with increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, increased production of proinflammatory factors, and increased thickness of the arterial wall and contributes to endothelial dysfunction. Testosterone supplementation restores arterial vasoreactivity; reduces proinflammatory cytokines, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; and improves endothelial function but also might reduce high-density lipoprotein levels. Testosterone is an anabolic hormone with a wide range of beneficial effects on men's health. The therapeutic role of T in men's health, however, remains a hotly debated issue for a number of reasons, including the purported risk of prostate cancer. In view of the emerging evidence suggesting that androgen deficiency is a risk factor for CVD, androgen replacement therapy could potentially reduce CVD risk in hypogonadal men. It should be emphasized, however, that androgen replacement therapy should be done with very thorough and careful monitoring for prostate diseases.
J Androl. 2009 Sep-Oct;30(5):477-94
The relationship between androgens concentrations (testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) and metabolic syndrome in non-obese elderly men.
INTRODUCTION: The metabolic syndrome characterized by central obesity, insulin and lipid dysregulation, and hypertension, is a precursor state for atherosclerotic process and, in consequence, cardiovascular disease. Decline of both testicular and adrenal function with aging causes a decrease in androgen concentration in men. It has been postulated that low levels of total testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) are associated with unfavorable levels of several strong cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as lipids and blood pleasure, which are components of the metabolic syndrome, and insulin levels. Both testosterone and DHEA-S deficiency are risk factors of obesity and insulin resistance, but it is not clear, whether this possible influence is independent. The aim of this study was to determined whether lower androgens (testosterone and DHEA-S) levels are associated with the development of metabolic syndrome in non-obese elderly men as well as analysis, whether these sex hormones influents on measured parameters separately. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Together 85 men age from 60 to 70 years (mean 66.3 +/- 1.5 years; mean +/- SEM) were analyzed. Testosterone levels < 4 ng/ml or DHEA levels < 2000 ng/ml and BMI < 30 kg/m(2) were including criteria. Patients were divided into three groups: 52 with testosterone deficiency (L-T), 32 with DHEA deficiency (L-DHEA-S) and 67 with deficiency of both sex hormones (L-T/DHEA-S). The influence of sex hormones deficiency in these groups on blood pressure, lipids, visceral obesity and fasting glucose were measured (according to metabolic syndrome definition NCEP III/IDF). RESULTS: Testosterone levels in L-T, L-DHEA and L-T/DHEA-S groups were respectively 3.19 +/- 0.23 ng/ml, 4.89 +/- 0.45 ng/ml and 3.25 +/- 0.34 g/ml (p < 0.002). While DHEA-S levels were respectively 2498 +/- 98 ng/ml, 1435 +/- 1010 ng/ml and 1501 +/- +/- 89 ng/ml). BMI values do not differ between groups. Waist circumference was significantly higher in L-T/DHEA-S group than in L-T i L-DHEA-S groups (respectively: 99.9 +/- 6,1 cm, 97.1 +/- 7.1 cm i 96.2 +/- 6.4 cm; mean +/- SD, p < 0.05 vs. L-T and L-DHEA-S groups). Mean triglycerides concentration in L-T/DHEA-S group was significantly higher than in L-T and L-DHEA-S groups (respectively: 188.2 +/- 13.3 mg/dl, 161.7 +/- 14.7 mg/dl and 152.2 +/- 12.8 mg/dl (mean +/- SD; p < 0.02 vs. L-T and L-DHEA-S groups). Analysis of prevalence of risk factors showed, that in L-T/DHEA-S group they were more frequent than in other groups. The most significant percentage difference was observed for triglycerides: concentration > or = 150 mg/dl was measured in 31% men in L-T group, 28% men in L-DHEA-S group and 42% men in L-T/DHEA-S group. According metabolic syndrome definition NCEP III/IDF prevalence of this syndrome was: 71% patients in L-T/DHEA-S group, 67% patients in L-T group and 64% patients in L-DHEA-S group. CONCLUSIONS: The DHEA-S and testosterone deficiency was a significant and independent risk factor of the metabolic syndrome in non-obese elderly men. It seems, that triglycerides concentration and waist circumference are more sensitive then others parameters to reflect the influence of sex hormones deficiency on risk of the metabolic syndrome in elderly men.
Endokrynol Pol. 2007 Nov-Dec;58(6):496-504
Changes in sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone during weight loss and weight maintenance in abdominally obese men with the metabolic syndrome.
BACKGROUND: Mild hypoandrogenism in men, usually defined by low levels of testosterone, is a peculiar feature of abdominal obesity that independently predicts the development of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Little is known about the short- and long-term effects of weight loss on sex steroids in abdominally obese men, however. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the effect of rapid weight loss and sustained weight maintenance on the plasma concentrations of testosterone and other sex hormones in 58 abdominally obese men (age, 46.3 +/- 7.5 years; body mass index, 36.1 +/- 3.8 kg/m(2); waist girth, 121 +/- 10 cm) with the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: The men lost on average 16.3 +/- 4.5 kg during a 9-week very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and maintained 14.3 +/- 9.1 kg weight loss after a 12-month maintenance period (vs. baseline, p < 0.001). Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) increased from 27.6 +/- 11.9 to 48.1 +/- 23.5 nmol/l during the VLCD but decreased to 32.6 +/- 12.9 nmol/l during weight maintenance, which was still higher than at baseline (p < 0.001). Free testosterone (fT) increased from 185 +/- 66 to 208 +/- 70 pmol/l (p = 0.002) during the VLCD and remained high after 1 year of weight maintenance (212 +/- 84 pmol/l, p = 0.002). Total testosterone levels followed a pattern intermediate between fT and SHBG. Plasma estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentrations changed only transiently or not at all. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid weight loss with successful weight maintenance in abdominally obese men with the metabolic syndrome brings about a sustained increase in fT levels. The dramatic increase in SHBG attenuated initially during weight maintenance but remained elevated. These findings may be important with regard to prevention of progressive metabolic decompensation and cardiovascular disease associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004 May;6(3):208-15


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8:00am-9:20am TR
Satisfactory completion of titled concepts for students in the allied health programs of nursing and dental hygiene.
Satisfactory completion of titled concepts for students in the allied health programs of nursing and dental hygiene.
Satisfactory completion of titled concepts for students in the allied health programs of nursing and dental hygiene.
Math 1003, math THEA score of 270, math Accuplacer score of 90, or satisfactory score on placement exam.
Text & Homework Access: (Required) General, Organic & Biological Chemistry: An Integrated Approach, 2nd ed., Laura Frost & Todd Deal, 2014, Pearson Prentice Hall, N.J.
Sapling Learning Homework Access {Online Homework License}:
(Recommended): Study Guide and Guided Inquiry Activities
Grading Procedure: Quizzes & Online Homework 15%
Exams I‑III 55%
Term Project 10%
Final Exam 20%
Quizzes – to be given periodically covering assigned material and previous class lectures (may or may not be announced). Make-Up Quizzes are not available. 1
Homework – To be posted on the Sapling Learning online class site. Late homework will not be accepted.1
Major Exams – see "Proposed Schedule" on class website (available when announced in class).
Term Project –An individual project will comprise the keeping of an electronic journal of newspaper or journal articles about chemistry topics in the health sciences. For your selected articles: correct citations, notations of personal conversations about the articles and self assessment of your new perspectives are required entries. (Weekly journal with 10 entries required for full credit).
Final Exam – see "Proposed Schedule" on class website.
Late homework will not be accepted.
There will be no make-up work for missed quizzes and homework. At least one quiz/homework grade will be dropped which will permit at least one absence without grade penalty. Make-up on major exams will be given for official excused absences only and must be completed before the class period immediately following the scheduled exam administration date.
Attendance is mandatory. Excessive unexcused absences will result in an instructor drop with a grade of "F". Tardiness will be treated as an unexcused absence. Disruptive classroom behavior will not be tolerated. Visiting with classmates after the start time for the class and arriving late to class is also considered disruptive behavior.
General Education Statement: Students in this course must demonstrate their competency in reading, writing, and fundamental math skills through satisfactory completion of all assignments.
Additional Course Information:
All students should refer to the MSU Student Handbook for university policies related student responsibilities, rights and activities. Students with disability must be registered with Disability Support Services before classroom accommodations can be provided.


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Authentic Italian meal, perfect for fall or winter.
Cooking Instructions for Dried Beans
The best cookware to use for beans is a heavy metal pot or saucepan made of stainless steel, cast aluminum or cast iron. After soaking the beans overnight, drain them and add fresh water to the cooking pot according to the package cooking instructions. Bring the beans to a boil, and then lower the heat and simmer for 60-90 minutes, or until the beans are tender.
Be sure to read the cooking instructions on the package of beans, as cooking times may vary. Check the beans occasionally while cooking because they sometimes will cook more quickly than the package indicates. Please note that when cooking beans, be sure to always simmer. Excessive boiling may cause the cooking liquid to overflow, as well as the beans to break apart and the skins to separate. When dried beans cook, foam will naturally form on the top of the cooking liquid. This foam is water-soluble protein released from the beans and it will be absorbed back into the bean cooking liquid so it is not necessary to remove.
Pasta and Sauce
1. In a large pot, heat 1 TB of EVOO over medium heat. Add the sausage and break up with a spoon into 1/2" pieces to cook. Turn sausage until browned and cook thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Remove from pot and set aside for use later.
2. Heat the remaining 1 TB of EVOO in the same pot over medium-low heat. Add the onions and garlic. Stir occasionally, until the onions start to soften in about 10 minutes. Then, add the 5 C. of chicken stock, cooked whole beans, bay leaf, and salt and pepper. Bring all these ingredients to a boil. reduce heat and simmer, partially covered; for 15 minutes.
3. Cook pasta according to the package instructions, drain and stir the cooked pasta into the ingredients above once they have finished simmering. Remove the bay leaf and stir in the sausage.
Source:Seattle Italian Festival
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If you are under 18 years of age or if it is illegal to view adult material in your community, please leave now. I cannot be held responsible for your actions. I am not acting in any way to send you this information; you are choosing to receive it! Continuing further means that you understand and accept responsibility for your own actions, thus releasing the creator of this web site and myself from all liability. I strongly support parental controls on the Internet. These web pages are not intended to be viewed by minors. Under no circumstances does the creator of this site or myself consent to or has knowledge of any illegal activity committed by anyone associated with this website. NO sexual activities are implied or condoned by myself or the creator of this site. This site does not promote a prostitution ring nor is this advertisement or any content therein an offer for prostitution. Money exchanged is for companionship only and anything beyond that is a choice made between two consenting adults and not contracted for by the site or myself. My visitors have their responsibility for the texts inserted in pages Guestbook, Reviews or Partners.
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Germany's Das Werk expands international network
German postproduction group Das Werk has taken a 25% stake in the Belgian high-end video and film post-production company ACE Digital House, as part of its creation of an international network of postproduction companies.
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Guessing at Euro Breakup Costs
- Commentary
- By Katie Martin
Nobody is really insisting that the euro will have to break up, or even how that would work.
But everyone agrees that it would be truly ugly.
When the Greece mess first blew up, the whole idea was generally seen as so outlandishly unlikely, that economists and market-watchers were unwilling to talk about it publicly.
No longer. Over the past couple of weeks, investors have started openly talking about it as a real, if unlikely possibility. Now, financial experts are actively working out how it would work.
Scarily enough, it cannot be 100% ruled out. Either the euro zone grows closer together, with some sort of fiscal union and legal limits on members' government spending, or it starts to splinter, with the weaker members booted out or the stronger members going it alone.
So, just how bad would that be? Answer: very bad.
On the surface, it would be easy enough to trade any new currencies. Dealing banks could basically add drachmas or punts or whatever onto their trading systems pretty easily, and then investors and companies could get cracking in trading them. Other chunks of the foreign-exchange market's infrastructure could also adapt in a matter of weeks or months. If a breakup was agreed several months before it happened, then the plumbing for trading the 'new' currencies would most likely be ready in time.
But that's just the technical adjustment. The practical impact on the euro-zone financial markets economy would be devastating.
Click here for full post.
The stress tests on European banks were too cozy, did not use sufficiently tough benchmarks and, as a consequence, are unlikely to have the desired effect of normalizing the short- and longer-term funding markets for European banks.
The decision by the authorities to set the benchmark at Tier 1 capital of 6% under a stressed scenario is a huge own goal and an appalling admission of what little progress has been made since the financial crisis struck in 2008.
Indeed, only seven out of 91 banks have failed the stress test, but what's key is that, collectively, the system needs only €3.5 billion to be declared fit. That's a far cry from the $75 billion that U.S. banks were forced to raise following the U.S. stress test last year and significantly short of what most analysts were expecting.
Setting the level of capital required in the stressed scenario is fundamental.


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Virginia State Senate returns to Democratic majority after 12 years with the 21 st Senator, George Barker! Potomac News Endorses George Potomac NewsPotomac News Online Choose George Barker for the 39th District OUR OPINION (Saturday, November 3, 2007) O'Brien has had his chance to represent the constituents of the 39th District. We think it's time he moved over and made way for Barker. Barker has extensive experience with transportation and health care -- both areas we think need improvement in Virginia.


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Sales results are about two things: Sales performance and sales productivity. In order for us to get performance (the right wins) and productivity (the amount of wins to meet plan) it starts with hiring the right people.
Read Whole Story
You might think that using a washing machine has nothing to do with sales or business development. But, actually, they have plenty in common. In f...
The most successful salesperson I know is also one of the most considerate and giving people I know. Do you think that's a coincidence?
We conduct a program called The Leadership Room for small groups of executives. During last week's session we sent the ten participants to retail esta...
As in all professions, sales techniques continue to evolve and adapt to the nature of the times in which we live. Great service, good pricing and loyal relationships have become yesterday's sales standards.
To my mind, sales people were slick, oily and unpleasant. They traveled with an overnight bag filled with Hermès ties and carried a slight odor of sulfur. These days, I can give you thousand reasons why I love sales people, and why you should too.
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- Filed Under
From the opening dark and eerie moments of Ballet Pensacola's production of "Dracula," I knew I was in for a real Halloween-style treat. The company's artistic director, Richard Steinert, melded classical yet macabre choreography with music from the scores of "Interview with the Vampire" and "Bram Stoker's Dracula" to create a unique rendering of the tale.
Ballet Mistress Christine Duhon, who also serves as the production's costumer, set additional choreography.
In Ballet Pensacola's version, Dracula, danced by Tyler Day, lives in a cathedral tower attached to a church. This setting ...


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I joke all the time now that since my wedding is over, I am just an "old married lady." So let's embrace that for a moment and let me tell you what I have learned in my marriage thus far and the years leading up to it.
1. "I want you to want to do the dishes."
Let's be serious ladies… No one ever WANTS to clean. I mean, there are a few people out there who get this weird enjoyment out of cleaning. I feel a great sense of accomplishment when my house is done and spotless, but never once enjoy it. The vast majority of people do not want to clean. Ever. And men fall into this category too. So the famous line from the movie The Break-up "I want you to want to do the dishes" is just never really going to happen, unless you lucked out and married a neat-freak. And in that case, I hope you too are a neat-freak because someone is bound to get on someone's nerves. My husband doesn't enjoy cleaning, but he does it. Does he do it how I do it? No. Not even close. But he will make an honest attempt and that is all I really care about. I can never get mad at him for cleaning and it not being to my standards. If my standards are that high, then I should just do it myself.
2. "Super Nintendo, Sega Genesis…"
Men NEVER grow out of video games. I know it is something you hope will happen, but you are only setting yourself up for disappointment if you truly think it will happen. If you think about it, they have all grown up with video games. As they have matured, so have the video games. My husband has been playing in an online NCAA Football league for the last year and a half (at least, I haven't actually kept track of how long). He enjoys it. He always asks if I want him to use the PS3 in the other room before hopping on to play a game. He is courteous about it. He doesn't put the games ahead of something else that is truly more important. I guess I just think about it like this… he could be dealing or smoking crack. Instead, he plays video games. Could be worse, right?
3. He will always be his mother's son.
There are two kinds of mama's boys. The first is one that respects and loves his mother. The other is one that believes that his mom is the only woman good enough for him. In the case of the former, there is a good chance he will treat you right and expect that your children treat you how he treats his mother. There really is no help for the latter. But then again, you probably wouldn't be engaged to a guy like this. I can only imagine how annoying it would be to be constantly compared to your beau's mother. Lucky for me, I have the first mama's boy. He loves his mom. He respects her for her devotion in years past to his football games or for hosting his friends in basketball tournaments at their house with chipped ham sandwiches. I have no doubt that when we have children, he will teach them to respect me like he does his mom. So you can't always knock the mama's boys. Sometimes they make the best husbands.
4. He is always going to be an after-school snacker.
Try as I might, Joey just has a less experimental attitude toward food than I. Our freezer is full of frozen pizzas, chicken patties, hamburgers, hot dogs, and chicken nuggets. He actually has "Chicken Nugget Mondays." No joke. He likes what he likes. Don't get me wrong, I try to force new things on him all the time. Sometimes he likes it, others not so much. Most guys love these after school foods because it is easy and simple. While I might be grilling marinated salmon with rice pilaf and green beans almondine, he'd be completely happy with a burger or a frozen pizza. I can't really complain though. He could be completely helpless and expect me to make him dinner every night. He is self-sufficient. And that works for me.
So the moral of this blog is, you can't change a leopard's spots. You just can't. If you want someone to change so badly, you probably shouldn't be with them. You have to learn to embrace these things and remember these are the things that make him who he is. I giggle every time I ask Joey what he wants to eat for dinner on a Monday and he looks at me with a straight face and says, "It's Chicken Nugget Monday." Sometimes I do it just to laugh because I already know what he is going to say. I love him because he loves his mom. I don't always get the video games, but I let him go if it makes him happy. And the cleaning, well I don't like it either so we usually have to motivate each other on that one. These are all things that come as part of him. When I think of the bigger picture, none of these things change the way I feel about him. This is the small stuff. And you should never sweat the small stuff.


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This unique African restaurant boasts a circular open fire with Masaai spears that holds a variety of 15 different types of meat, gently roasting away as you enjoy a memorable evening out with family and friends. Meats include game varieties such as crocodile, zebra, giraffe, impala, ostrich, and many more. Six assorted salads and six sauces complement your meal. 'Pap and sauce' and baked potatoes are also offered.
IPerched along the beachfront, Nautilus captures a bygone setting rich in cultural traditions.
During balmy summer days, dine indoors cooled by the welcoming air conditioner or dine alfresco on the esplanade.
The restaurant prefers a more formal setting and a la carte menu with buffet choices.
The Esplanade offers snacks and light meals including exotic cocktails.
Tuck into some refreshing international cuisine at Nautilus Beach Resort.
Nowhere will you find more pizza with 26 different pizza options. Panarottis usually serve their delicious topping combinations on crispy, thin-crust bases, but diners can enjoy a thick base or the calzone at no extra charge.
Mouthwatering toppings include deboned pork rib, Italian sausage, tikka chicken, and even boerewors (beef sausage) marinated in a thick barbecue basting. Panarottis even caters for the health conscious with the San Marco and Chicken Fajita options, both approved by the Heart Foundation.
For the more adventurous there is the monsterrito. Choose your favourite pizza and supersize it to almost half a metre in diameter.
Panarottis serves up a wide variety of other meals including delicious steaks, baby chicken, tender lamb chops and pastas and salads.
This restaurant is situated in the food court of Canal Walk Shopping Centre, right by the cinemas. So watch out for their famous all-you-can-eat nights, combine it with a movie or some shopping, and you've got an outing for the whole family.
Tamarind Mombasa stands proud in Arab style decadence, raised by high arches, stately roof and gleaming elegance.
Perched on a cliff overlooking the old harbour of Mombasa, diners find themselves perfectly catered for in a setting nurtured for stargazing on the moonlit terrace.
The menu blends Asian, French and African flavours effortlessly with specialty seafood and the freshest ingredients earning dishes such as the Crab and Lobster world famed reviews.
Fine attention to detail, personal service and flawless presentation makes Tamarind Mombasa a dining experience to remember.
Just off Grand West Casino's main floor you will find this vibrant, happening restaurant. Quarterdeck offers a wide variety of dishes catering for any and all. The dishes are mainly served buffet-style so be sure to come hungry.
Treat yourself to a feast of roasts, seafood, vegetable dishes and even cold meats and salads. There are a wide variety of pastas to choose from, and not to be missed are the traditional, proudly South African, Bo-Kaap inspired dishes like bobotie, breyani and other delectable curries. Casseroles with different meats and vegetables, and a range of stir fries are also on offer.
To top this all off, a mouthwatering dessert counter will keep you going back for more and the variety is unbelievable.
Quarterdeck offers a one-of-a-kind experience that aims to satisfy, and succeeds. Booking is advised.


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blue moon wash 'Dart' skinny jeans
designer's notes
Combine the finest African cotton with the precision of Japanese construction and you have Donwan Harrell's hand distressed PRPS denim. What more could a denim addict ask for?
color: Blue Moon Mid-weight, brushed stretch denim with creasing and fading to knee Light distressing and paint splatters throughout Zip fly with button closure at belt looped waist Logo patch at back waist Five pocket construction Skinny 13'' leg opening 8'' low rise 35'' inseam Approximate measurements taken from a size 28W, and may vary by size 99% Cotton / 1% Polyurethane; Machine Wash; Imported; style# 314303501


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Please note - this is just a puzzle. The ILLUSIONS virus does not really exist!
Government scientists have established that a very serious virus, the ILLUSIONS virus, has infected the population. At present it shows no symptoms, and it is not known how it spreads from person to person. The government scientists, using very sophisticated equipment, have established for certain that 1 person in a thousand is infected.
Your local chemist is offering a do-it-yourself testing kit, which is simple and cheap. However it is only 95% accurate, i.e. if you have the virus there is a 95% chance it will predict this correctly, and a 5% chance it will be wrong, and tell you you do not have the virus. Likewise, if you do not have the virus, there is a 95% chance it will tell you that you are OK, and a 5% chance it will tell you that you have the virus.
You buy a kit, and it tests positive, i.e. it is telling you that you have the virus.
What is the actual probability that you have the ILLUSIONS virus?
The answer may surprise you - the actual probability that you have the virus is less than 2%!
How does this come about?
Well, basically the virus is quite rare - only 1 person in a thousand actually has it. On the other hand, since the test is not very accurate (95% accuracy is really not all that accurate) there will be many more 'false positives' - people who do not really have the virus, but who are the 5% who test postive - so that the false positives swamp the real positives.
Let us do the maths.
Take a random 20,000 people from our population. (I have not specified what country this - mythical - virus has struck, so we do not know the actual population size. The maths works with any number, I have just picked a figure that makes it easy!)
Of our 20,000 population, 20 will actually have the virus (1 in a thousand have the virus). If these 20 all take the simple test, 95% will be correctly diagnosed as infectious, which is 19 people, and 1 person (5%) will come up as a false negative, i.e. the test will say they do not have the virus, even though they do.
Of the remaining 19,980 members of the population who do not have the virus, 95% will test negative, that is 18,981. 5% will test as positive, i.e. having the virus, even though they do not. That will be 999 people.
So, there will be 19 people who have tested positive who really do have the virus, and 999 who have tested positive who do not have the virus.
So there will be a total of 1018 people who have tested positive for the virus, of whom only 19 actually have the virus. 19 divided by 1018 is 1.87%.
I was recently introduced to one of the leading malaria experts in the UK, and he got the puzzle immediately. He also said that this has an exact parallel in the real world, when you have a disease that is quite rare and the test is not 100% accurate - the false positives tend to swamp the genuine positives.
Photo courtesy of kreg.steppe on flickr.>/p>
Springfields Cryers Hill RoadCryers Hill HP15 6LNUnited Kingdom


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Now I know it's been awhile.
I got these from a video I shot today. The video is really long, and to me annoying to watch as I only got views of one main spot of the arena.
So I'll be posting the photos, those who want the video just ask and I'll post it.
The weather this week, starting today is bavkto sunny and warm!
Compared to the last couple months we have made huge strides forward in the last few weeks.
Last few rides I have cracked down on "do what ask NOW" not in the next two strides...
Our trantitions have really improved as I am staying soft but really keeping that outside contact and bumping him up with the inside leg. We have gotten the firm buy soft down and as soon as his takes that first step up into trot correctly I make sure I soften my body as much as I can. I have been really good about finding my firm outside contact and being able to keep it and now move on right away to foccusing on other things.
Here I think I need to stretch downinmy leg and heel more. Push my shoulders back more....
Working on our stretchy trot...but trying to keep him from falling on the forehand:
Just liked this photos...
Trying Not to ask to much for a collection as he breaks at the poll...
Asking for a stretchy trot across the diagonal
Maybe too much inside rein....really really really have been working on this and is so frustrating.
That's all unless some of you want the video.
Hope you see improvement!!!
Thanks in advance!