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Nightlife (11 community guides)
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With buzzing Cuban bars, knock-out margaritas and gloriously tacky casinos, Miami really is the ultimate party town... read more »
Imagine an island with sun, sand and 24-hour partying, where sleep is snatched occasionally and the locals are so chilled they don't even check your passport when you arrive. Welcome to Mykonos... read more »
Recife has shed its iffy reputation to become one of northeast Brazil's key tourist attractions. Visit during carnival and discover a city brimming with colour, culture and caipirinhas... read more »
Every February, Tenerife's the place to head for a hot, hedonistic week of stamina-sapping street parties - making it the perfect escape from cold, gloomy days in northern Europe... read more »
Known to many as an 18-30 destination, the Spanish isle of Ibiza isn't a first choice to get married. But with rustic charm, great weather and charming venues – there are few places that could top it... read more »
With a pumping night life, sociable people and Cannes and Monaco right on the doorstep, Nice is the undiscovered holy grail for the lads' holiday.... read more »
Like any glamazon worth her salt, Mumbai, India's 'Maximum City', has emerged from the ashes of last year's troubles, put her best frock back on and is here to show you a good time... read more »
Always overlooked Ios is the original Greek party island offering a vibrant and bohemian nightlife, yet still retaining everything that makes it typically Greek... read more »
The Caribbean is a magnet for beach-lovers and sun-worshippers, and a few days on the party island of the Dominican Republic is guaranteed to bring a grin to your face... read more »
Ischgl has often been overlooked and underestimated by the British, yet it has superb skiing and world-class après ski. Now many consider it to have overtaken St Anton as Austria's top winter resort... read more »
Fantastic white sand, clear blue seas and ultra-friendly locals - what more could one ask for? Throw in cheap prices and a pulsating nightlife and you have Sihanoukville, Cambodia's coastal paradise... read more »
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Katey's Healing Garden
Airai Hotel Annex, Airai, Koror, Palau island ~ PH: 6805873333
Moderate-- Vegan-friendly, American, International, Organic, Raw, Western, Juice bar, Delivery, Take-out--- Additional Info: A beautifully landscaped area with existing trees which contributes to the cool atmosphere and abundance in air ions. An ideal place for relaxation and enjoying the natural scenery with fresh and raw vegetarian foods. They offer smoothies (vegans request no honey). Their food seasonings are all natural, they use a wide variety of mushrooms, and offer mock meat substitutes if requested. AIRAI Hotel Annex is accepting visitors and serving food while the restaurant "Katey's Healing Garden" is still under construction. They also deliver to schools ($2.50usd student meal) and offices too. Offer Wi-Fi. Has outdoor seating. Cash only. Fri 10:00am-5:00pm, Sun 10:00am-9:00pm.-- Rating: 4 HappyCow(s)
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Historic Preservation
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100 W. 10th Ave., Suite 321
Eugene, OR 97401
Ph: 541-682-5333
Fx: 541-682-6834
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Recreation has a variety of volunteer opportunities for individuals interested in sharing their time and talent. Volunteers play a vital role working together with staff to create safe, healthy and livable communities and recreational opportunities for all.
Contact Melinda Vega at 541-682-6320, fill out our
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Summer Internship Opportunity for Teens
We are looking for self-starting teens, ages 15-18, who wish to work with youth with disabilities. Interns will experience adventures with extraordinary youth while gaining volunteer hours and being exposed to amazing leadership opportunities.
Information sheet and application
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Adaptive Recreation Services
Adaptive Recreation Services, located at Hilyard Community Center, offers a diverse range of recreation activities and classes to enhance the quality of life for people with disabilities. Depending on the season and need activities may include:
Inclusion supports
Services in other recreation programs and classes
Skill-building and fitness classes
Social skill groups
Trips and excursions
Adaptive Skiing
Volunteers may:
Assist instructors in weekly classes and skill building activities
Help with special events including set-up and clean-up
Provide individualized help to select patrons
Support, encourage, and socialize with participants
Adults 50+
Campbell and Petersen Barn Centers offer a variety of recreational, educational and social services for adults 50 years and older. Programs and services are designed to strengthen networks, link older adults to community services and offer transitions to changing life situations.
The centers also offer opportunities to meet new friends, develop interests, learn new skills, increase fitness levels and share experiences.
Depending on the season and need volunteers may:
Assist in the kitchen with meal preparation and clean-up
Assist with classes or trips
Help at the front desk making appointments and answering questions and the phones
Instruct classes and/or assist with special events and other activities as needed
Supervise the Wood Shop at Campbell Center
Supervise the free computer lab
Help with recycling and composting efforts
The Aquatics program operates two year-round facilities and one summer season facility serving more than 250,000 patron visits annually. Eugene's swimming pools offer swimming and water safety instruction, competitive programs, water fitness, specialized aquatics programs and recreational and lap swims.
Fitness centers at the two year-round facilities also provide land fitness opportunities for patrons from early morning to late evening. The pools also offer a variety of year round special events.
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Do other jobs as needed
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The Athletics program offers recreational and competitive sports leagues for adults and coordinates the use of City and school district athletic facilities. The program's mission is to promote active lifestyles and encourage physical fitness, mental well-being and social interactions.
Depending on the season and need volunteers may:
Help set-up and cleanup for special events and tournaments
Help with fundraising and assisting staff during athletic competitions
Outdoor Program
The Outdoor program is part of the Youth and Family Recreation Services program with the mission to create opportunities that inspire a lifelong passion to imagine, explore, learn, grow and contribute. Besides offering a variety of outdoor camps, wilderness trips and experiences for ages 7 and older, it also provides Challenge Course training and instruction and skill-building classes in skiing, rock climbing, rafting, canoeing, kayaking and sailing.
Opportunities exist in a variety of activities and classes for individuals who have solid skills in outdoor recreation including rafting, kayaking, sailing, skiing, hiking and challenge course facilitation. Depending on the season and need volunteers may:
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Summer in the City - Downtown
Summer in the City - Downtown events begin in June at the Broadway Plaza. Most events are free and family friendly with a canned-food donation to the Relief Nursery.
For 2010, the City of Eugene brings downtown alive with music, dancing, circus arts, fashion shows, skateboard demonstrations and other activities.
Opportunities are available on Wednesdays from 5:30 to 9:30 p.m. June 30 through August 25. Volunteers assist with:
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The Bethel Teen Court and West Eugene Teen Courts conduct peer hearings to recommend consequences for first-time juvenile offenders cited for non-violent misdemeanors and violations. The court is run by students trained in the concept of restorative justice and adult attorneys acting as judges. They help youth offenders take accountability, make amends and earn the right to apply for early record expunction.
This alternative is authorized by the Lane County Department of Youth Services as a diversion program. Youth volunteers must live or attend school in the Bethel district or Churchill high School attendance area. Youth volunteers develop skills in decision making, cooperation, public speaking, law and ethics while helping their peers and improving their community. Most schools accept Teen Court hours to meet community service requirements.
The court office is at Petersen Barn Community Center, with hearings held at that location and also near Churchill High School. Hearings occur about twice a month on Thursday nights in Bethel and on Wednesday nights in West Eugene. A one-time orientation is required for jury service and further training is available for other courtroom roles.
Youth age 12-17 serve as jurors, case presenters, defendant advisers, court clerks, bailiffs and Spanish-language interpreters and participate in trainings and orientation meetings. Volunteers may:
Adult volunteers may serve as courtroom jury monitors
Attend hearings and recommend consequences for first time juvenile offenders and help their peers accept responsibility for crimes using the concept of restorative justice
Attorneys may volunteer their time to serve as judges at the peer court hearings
Youth and Family Services
Youth and Family Recreation Services provide neighborhood based programs for youth and families managed through three centers: Sheldon, Petersen Barn and Amazon.
More than 2,500 activities are offered annually, including:
Before- and after-school enrichment activities
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Skill building classes
A variety of programs that encourage physical fitness and outdoor recreation
Depending on the season and need volunteers may:
Assist instructors and leaders in conducting activities and classes
Help at special events
Help in out-of-school time or child-care programs, camps and field trips or special events
Working with individuals ages two and a half to adult
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Pusat Rawatan Islam Az-Zahrah deliver consistent, good quality,
Islamic value driven medical services to patients in Klang Valley.
Medical Centre has maintained its mission to deliver professional
medical services to outpatient and inpatient at affordable charges.
Pusat Rawatan Islam Az-Zahrah are fully equipped with X-ray and
support by multidisciplinary team of dedicated clinicians, bilingual
nurses and theatre personnel culminate in the delivery of tailored
individual patient care pathways.
Pusat Rawatan Islam Az-Zahrah
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treatment and recover from illness fast. It is it mission to help
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Lee Fields and the Expressions perform with special guests Lady Tuesday at 8 p.m. today at the Gillioz Theatre, 325 Park Central East. Tickets: $15. 417-863-9491; gillioztheatre.com
Broadway Spectacular Spring Concert is 7:30 p.m. today at Juanita K. Hammons Hall for the Performing Arts, 525 John Q. Hammons Parkway. Free. 417-836-5454; email: email@example.com
Attracting Birds to Your Backyard program is 10 a.m. to noon today at the Springfield Art Museum, 1111 Brookside Drive. Learn how to create a haven for birds. Free. 417-837-5700; email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Lyric Arts Trio is 7:30 p.m. today at Pike Auditorium, campus of Southwest Baptist University, Bolivar. Tickets: $20. bolivarliveonstage.com
Discover Missouri Natural Areas is 7 to 8 p.m. today at the Springfield Conservation Nature Center, 4601 S. Nature Center Way. Mike Leahy will discuss his book, "Discover Missouri Natural Areas - A Guide to 50 Great Places." Ages 14 and older. Free; registration required. 417-888-4237


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Add a playful note to your outfits with this cute 3D pendant. Hello Kitty sparkles in Rose, Light Siam, and clear crystal Pointiage® with a moving head and dangling pink bow. Hanging on a delicate rhodium-plated chain, this is the perfect fashion accessory for Hello Kitty fans.


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Harpursville's girls earned a return trip to Section 4's Class C basketball title game with Wednesday night's 59-42 win over Candor, in which the Hornets' senior ace continued her stellar offensive roll.
Miranda Drummond's 37 points featured 32 through the first 24 minutes and left her a three-game tournament average of 37.7 points. Of greater significance is the state's top-ranked 'C' squad improving to a 21-0 record.
Harpursville extended an eight-point halftime lead to 39-24 3:43 into the third quarter, and from that juncture the difference did not dip below nine points. ...


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MANNA Food Bank
|Lisa Cantrell, Interim Volunteer Coordinator
|Mailing Address:
|627 Swannanoa River Rd
Asheville, NC 28805
|Phone Number:
|828-299-3663, ext. 246
|Fax Number:
|Email Address:
|Website Address:
|Office Hours:
|8:00am-4:00pm M-F (volunteer hours are different)
|MANNA has satellite agencies throughout Western NC - the Center for Service Learning
has a list of these agencies. Our alternate location is at 509 Depot Street in Franklin;
for info call Debbie Albrecht at 828-369-2550. Directions to Asheville location: take
I-40 to Asheville. Take Exit 53B and merge onto Hwy 74. Take US 74A-West ramp. Keep
right and turn right onto Fairway Road. Turn right onto Swannanoa River Road.
|Agency Description:
|MANNA FoodBank seeks to involve, educate, and unite people in the work of ending hunger
in WNC. MANNA works to ensure that every person in Western North Carolina will have
enough to eat.
|In-Service training in sorting food, labeling, etc.
|Time Commitment:
|Warehouse work is possible in 2-hour blocks. Specific times to be arranged ahead.
In addition to daytime opportunities, the Asheville location is open Thursday evenings
and occasional Saturdays. MANNA in Asheville is open from 9:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. on
Saturday, and can utilize volunteer services from 4:00 to 6:00 p.m. Monday through
|Skills, Experience, and Special Requirements:
|Ability to lift small- to medium-sized boxes of food is helpful.
|Volunteer Involvement:
|Projects and internships as well as community service may be arranged in food processing,
nutrition, agency relations and hunger study, fundraising, children's programs, and
special events. Volunteers may also conduct agency site visits.


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To improve glycaemic control among Type 2 diabetics using patient-physician consultations guided by the Stages of Change (SOC) model.
Design and Methods
A randomised trial was conducted. After ensuring concealment of allocation, Type 2 diabetics were randomly assigned to receive the intervention or the control. The intervention consisted of identifying each patient's Stage of Change for managing their diabetes by diet, exercise and medications, and applying personalised, stage-specific care during the patient-physician consultations based on the SOC model. Patients in the control group received routine care. The variables of interest were effect on glycaemic control (measured by the difference in HbA1c levels) and patients' readiness to change (measured by identifying patients' SOC for managing their diabetes by diet, exercise and medications).
Participants were primarily over age 50, male and Indo-Trinidadian. Most had received only a primary school education and over 65% had a monthly income of $320 USD/month or less. Sixty-one Type 2 diabetics participated in each arm. Three patients were lost to follow-up in the intervention arm. After 48 weeks, there was an overall increase in HbA1c of 0.52% (SE 0.17) and 1.09% (SE 0.18) for both the intervention and control groups respectively. There was a relative reduction in HbA1c of 0.57% (95% CI 0.07, 1.07) with the intervention group compared to the control (p = 0.025). For exercise and diet there was an overall tendency for participants in the intervention arm to move to a more favourable SOC, but little change was noted with regards medication use.
The result suggests a tendency to a worsening of glycaemic control in this population despite adopting more favourable SOC for diet and exercise. We hypothesized that harsh social conditions prevailing at the time of the study overrode the clinical intervention.
The Stages of Change model postulates behavioural change as a process of 5 identifiable stages through which patients pass: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance [1-3]. The model illustrates that for most persons a change in behaviour occurs gradually, with the patient moving from being uninterested, unaware or unwilling to make a change (precontemplation), to considering a change (contemplation), or deciding and preparing to make a change (preparation); genuine, determined action is then taken and, over time, attempts to maintain the new behaviour occur [1]. This 'stage' concept allows for applying a temporal dimension to the Stages of Change [4]. Within the model, relapses are almost inevitable and become part of the process of working toward life-long change [1].
The Stages of Change model has been evaluated in a number of contexts [1,3,5], and although not widely used to provide care for Type 2 diabetes, it has been used to guide interventions for dietary change [5] and exercise behavior [1], both of which are important in managing diabetes. The intervention for this study was developed incorporating the Stages of Change model into the patient-physician consultation and attempted to answer the question: Does using the Stages of Change model to provide stage-specific and personalised care for managing Type 2 diabetes by diet, exercise and medications, improve glycaemic control in the Trinidadian setting?
The setting
Trinidad and Tobago has the sixth highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the Caribbean [6], affecting between 10 - 20% of adults, 85-90% of whom can be classified as Type 2 diabetics [7,8]. Care for these patients in the public health system in Trinidad and Tobago is provided by specialists at secondary and tertiary care centres and by primary care physicians at over 70 Primary Health Care (PHC) centres. This research was conducted at the Ste. Madeleine Health Centre (SMHC) in south Trinidad. At this clinic, care for Type 2 diabetes is offered through weekly sessions: the Chronic Disease (CD), Phlebotomy, Dietician, and Walk-in clinics. Approximately 50 patients are scheduled for each session with return visits in 16 weeks. The governing health authority requires that Walk-In clinic services be available everyday, all day. To facilitate this, the Walk-In clinic is conducted simultaneously with the CD clinic, using the same staff members. Two audits illustrate the limits of the present policy. The first, an audit of diabetic control suggested that mean HbA1c was 8.5%. Additionally an audit of patient-physician consultation time determined that 59% of consultations lasted less than 6 minutes and 38% lasted 4 minutes or less. International studies report average consultations in primary care to range from 7-10 minutes [9]. Compromising on consultation time for apparent efficiency may act to diminish patient autonomy and encourage medical paternalism by limiting discussion of patient values, alternative treatments, or the impact of therapy on the patient's overall life [10]. At the SMHC the current approach has resulted in an increasing numbers of Type 2 diabetics who can be described as 'frequent-visitors.'
Study design
Approval for the conduction of the study was granted by the Ethics committee of the South West Regional Health Authority. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly allocated to either the control group or an intervention group. Over 48 weeks, subjects within the control group continued to receive routine care; subjects within the intervention group were treated with stage-specific, personalised care for Type 2 diabetes using the Stages of Change model. To ensure concealment of allocation, an independently designed randomisation schedule using a table of random numbers was created with sealed consecutively numbered opaque envelopes. Each envelope contained a card indicating either "Intervention" or "Control". See Figure 1.
Figure 1. Overview of study design.
Sample size
Sample size was calculated using the formula [11]: Sample size (per equally-sized group) = 16 ÷ (E/S)2. A desired effect (E) size of HbA1c of 1% based on the results of the UKPDS [12] and an audit described above which provided a mean HbA1c of 8.48% and a standard deviation (S) of the mean of 1.94% gave a sample size of 61 patients in each arm.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Patients were included if they were 69 years or less, were registered in the clinic's 'Chronic Disease Register' as Type 2 diabetics for the previous 12 months, not using insulin therapy at the time of recruitment and who agreed to participate after informed consent. Patients were excluded if they had plans to travel abroad for a period of more than four (4) weeks during the study, lacked decision-making capacity, or who were unable to perform activities of daily living. Additionally those who were receiving scheduled additional Type 2 diabetes care at any secondary or tertiary care center were also excluded. Once a patient was allocated to one of the treatment groups no other member of their household was eligible to participate in the study.
Outcome variables
Primary outcome variable
The primary outcome variable measured was HbA1c level. All HbA1c samples were tested at the same laboratory in the San Fernando hospital, Southwest Regional Health Authority in Trinidad. Other variables recorded included Body Mass Index, Blood pressure, plasma urea and creatinine, total cholesterol and triglycerides and random glucometer values.
Secondary outcome variable
Patients' readiness to change [1,2,4]
This represented patients' SOC [4] measured by identifying where patients are on the behaviour change process [1] for each of diet, exercise and management by medication.
All assessments were based on patient self-reported data. Action stage for exercise was defined as a person being involved in physical activity of moderate intensity, 3-5 days a week for at least 30-45 minutes per day. Action stage for medication use (for a person) was defined as that person adhering to their prescribed medication regimen. Action stage for diet was assessed based on a person reporting use of a specific dietary plan for managing diabetes.
The intervention
The intervention was 'stage-specific' and personalised: it delivered care to Type 2 diabetics that was specific to the patient's current SOC and specific to the patient as a whole. These formats divided each consultation into sections specific for the named SOC. Each format was translated into a form which was used at each patient-physician consultation. There were five forms in this study and each patient was exposed to the one appropriate to their present SOC with respect to diet, exercise and medication use. These forms were used as checklists for the physician to ensure all the sections of the consultation were attended to during the visit. Examples of these forms are included in the appendix (See Additional File 1). Consultation times were not measured in this study.
Additional file 1. Appendix. There were five forms used in this study for recording patient information based on their current Stage of Change with respect to diet, exercise and medication use. These forms were used as checklists for the physician to ensure all the sections of the consultation were attended to during the visit. An Example of these forms is included here.
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The control group
Patients in the control group continued with their routine care, this involved monitoring weight, blood glucose, blood pressure, discussing concerns with staff, if any recognised; and receiving a prescription for their appropriate medications.
Follow-up and adherence to protocol
The total number of patients in the control and intervention groups were divided into four (4) subgroups and seen at four (4) consecutive CD clinic sessions and four (4) clinical sessions dedicated to the stage-specific personalized care for Type 2 diabetes patients, respectively. This grouping was maintained throughout the study. This pattern was repeated for each of the three 16-week cycles. Patients from either group who did not attend the SMHC for the following compulsory scheduled visits (initial and fourth (final) plus either of 2nd or 3rd visits) were not included in the statistical hypothesis testing.
All patients in the control group completed the study. Three (3) patients in the intervention group were lost to follow-up. The final analysis was performed with results from one hundred and nineteen (119) patients. Complete sets of measurements were available for one hundred and eighteen (118) of these patients. The greatest proportion of patients was between 40 to 59 years old; they were equally distributed in both groups: forty (66%) patients in the control and thirty-eight (62%) patients in the intervention group. Male patients constituted the greatest proportion of the research sample; thirty-nine (64%) patients of the intervention group and forty (66%) of the control group were males. Most patients in the study were of East Indian ethnicity (85% of the intervention group and 93% of the control group). More than half of the research sample had received only 7-8 years of formal education up to the end of primary school, forty-one (67%) patients in the control group, and thirty-five patients (57%) in the intervention group. Baseline characteristics are provided in Table 1 and results of the complete set of variables are presented in Table 2.
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients in the Intervention and Control groups
Table 2. Outcome variables and mean values at baseline and after 48 weeks for the intervention and control groups
Results from primary outcome variable and statistical test of the hypothesis
The variable "Effect on glycaemic control" was the difference in glycaemic control (HbA1c) at the start of the study from that at the end of the study for both the intervention and control groups. The significance of this "Effect on glycaemic control" was tested (α of 0.05) using the independent-samples two-sided t-test. The result of the statistical test indicated the "Effect on glycaemic control" observed for the study was significant (p = 0.025): the intervention did improve glycaemic control when compared to the control group. From Table 2, glycaemic control worsened for both groups compared to baseline. The change in glycaemic control for the intervention group was a mean increase in HbA1c of 0.52% (SE 0.17) compared to that at baseline. The change in glycaemic control for the control group was a mean increase in HbA1c of 1.09% (SE 0.18) compared to that at baseline. The "Effect on glycaemic control" or the mean difference in change in HbA1c for the intervention from the control group is -0.57% (95%CI 0.07 - 1.07). For all other variables the statistical analysis gave p-values > 0.05.
Results from secondary outcome variable - "Readiness to change"
The largest number of patients to shift stages was observed in the intervention group for managing Type 2 diabetes by exercise: twenty-one (21) patients had moved positively and were more ready to change their exercise behaviour by the end of the study. A longitudinal comparison of the stage of change shifts for patients at the start of the study and at the end was performed and is illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4.
Figure 2. Longitudinal comparisons of the Stage of Change shifts for the intervention group for Dietary behaviour.
Figure 3. Longitudinal comparisons of the Stage of Change shifts for the intervention group for Exercise behaviour.
Figure 4. Longitudinal comparisons of the Stage of Change shifts for the intervention group for Medication use.
Among these twenty-one (21) patients: two (2) shifted from precontemplation to contemplation stage; three (3) patients shifted from being in the precontemplation stage to maintaining appropriate exercise behaviour for Type 2 Diabetes; four (4) patients were able to move to setting a date to start the appropriate exercise behaviour from initially being in the contemplation stage; four (4) patients each were able to move from preparation to action stage and preparation to maintenance stage; one (1) person moved from the contemplation to the maintenance stage; and three (3) patients continued the appropriate exercise behaviour throughout the study period.
From the chart for dietary behaviour, the slope of the line graphs illustrates that over the forty-eight (48) week study period, the number of patients in the precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stages decreased while the number of patients in the action and maintenance stages increased. For exercise behaviour, the pattern is slightly different: the number of patients in the precontemplation and preparation stages decreased and the numbers in the maintenance stage increased as for dietary behaviour, however, numbers in the contemplation stage show no change and the number in the action stage actually decreased. The line graphs for medication use indicate little or no change except for a decrease in the numbers of patients in the precontemplation stage.
Data on the number of patients who moved through the stages of change was collected for both the intervention and control groups. Fewer persons experienced a shift in SOC within the control group compared to the intervention group. Within the control group, the greatest number of positive shifts also occurred with change in exercise behavior: 4 persons moved from the action to maintenance stage, 1 person shifted from precontemplation to action stage, 1 person shifted from precontemplation to maintenance stage and 1 person from preparation to action stage.
The aim of the study to improve glycaemic control by the end of the 48-week period was not realized. Interestingly however, the hypothesis test indicated there was a statistically significant difference between the change in glycaemic control measured for the intervention and control groups. The results from mean HbA1c indicated that all patients had poorer control of their diabetes at the end of the study compared to baseline. The hypothesis test indicated patients who received the intervention had a significantly smaller increase in HbA1c levels by the end of the study than those who received the control. The statistical significance of this result adds another dimension to the overall negative result as follows: although both the intervention and control groups had poorer glycaemic control reflected by higher HbA1c levels compared to baseline, the increase in HbA1c measured at the end of the 48-week period was 0.57% less with the intervention compared to the control (p = 0.025).
Implications of the study
The negative result obtained highlight two important considerations: first, there is some value to applying the SOC model to type 2 diabetes care as evidenced by the 0.57% less rise in HbA1c relative to the control group, and second, there is possibly a tendency for glycaemic control to worsen over time among patients at SMHC.
What do we know about this topic so far?
A large RCT supports the findings of this paper which suggests that patients can be moved from one stage of change to another and that this can be beneficial [13]. The longitudinal comparisons of the stage of change shifts from Figures 2, 3 and 4 illustrated these patterns which add support to the intervention model and its theory. A crossover pattern [14] was observed wherein the number of patients in the precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stages (collectively) decreased while there was a simultaneous increase in the number of patients in the action and maintenance stages (collectively) at the end of the study.
In that publication application of a stage of change model based intervention resulted in a greater reduction of HbA1c than standard care, but this did not reach statistical significance [13]. So this paper adds to the literature by illustrating that a statistically significant difference between intervention and controls can be achieved (even though there are limits to our results as we saw above).
What other factors may have caused this bilateral worsening of glycemic control in both intervention and control groups?
After dialogue with patients we postulate that severe economic stress and social hardship facing the patients who utilized the SMHC during the time of the study and contributed to the unusual results. This economic hardship occurred because of the closure of the sugar factory, Caroni (1975) Limited [15] which was the major employer in the Ste. Madeline area. This closure meant that study participants would not have had the financial wherewithal to fully carry out the planned behaviour change, since this would involve more expensive diets and time spent exercising. This study started in February 2006, 3 years after the closure of the sugar industry, and at a time where many of the planned social buffers had not yet been put in place.
Limitations of the Stages of Change model to Type 2 diabetes care at SMHC
The Stages of Change model was devised based on observations of people giving up smoking - an addictive behaviour requiring complete cessation [16]. Smoking can be considered to have one common set of behaviour patterns as it is a single behaviour. Managing type 2 diabetes by diet, exercise and medication use needs to consider the interaction of three different behaviours, each having differing sets of patterns, and each impacting on glycaemic control.
It is possible that patients engaging in exercise and dietary behaviours can be viewed as proceeding through a continuous directional flow through steps beginning with initiating the behaviour, followed by continuing it, while constantly adapting it during the diabetes-disease trajectory. Each of these steps, in turn, can be considered to have their unique set of SOC, including the possibility of new stages, and have their unique aims. The intervention model did not incorporate such a complex view of these behaviours and therefore it is possible that this could have contributed to the results observed.
As we noted above there is a need for economic considerations in whether the model succeeds or not.
Limitation of the study
Complete blinding at any level (single, double, triple) was not achieved in this study since the PI provided care to all patients- both the intervention and control group. The PI was aware of the limits placed on the study by his involvement in these steps and placed due care on extraction of information from notes and in care of patients to ensure his personal biases did not interfere with the conduct of the study. Ideally additional personnel should be involved but the structure of the health services clinic did not allow for this. We acknowledge that this is a serious, but not fatal, shortcoming of the study.
Planning for the future
The overall results suggest the possibility of a tendency for glycaemic control to be naturally worsened over time at SMHC. This directs attention to other factors, additional to the nature or style of the patient-physician consultation, that are instrumental to the success of achieving improved glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes at SMHC. These factors can include external physical factors, external psychological factors and internal psychological factors [17].
The intervention used in this study was unable to improve overall glycaemic control for patients at SMHC despite the statistical significance of the relative reduction in HbA1c. The importance of other factors, especially the socio-economic factors influencing glycaemic control at SMHC, has been highlighted. Additionally, the possibility of an inherent tendency for glycaemic control to be worsened at SMHC, due to the influence of these factors, creates a worrying situation at the centre. The negative results obtained from this study provide a focal point to continue the search for an appropriate intervention to effectively improve HbA1c at the centre.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
This work was carried out by VAP as a component of his Doctor of Medicine (DM) (Family Medicine) degree from The University of the West Indies. RGM and JMR were his academic supervisors during the process. VAP conceptualized the project and RGM and JMR provided guidance to the final protocol, design and implementation. VAP conducted the clinical component and collected the data. All authors read, contributed to, and approved the final document.
Zimmerman GL, Olsen CG, Bosworth MF: A 'Stages of Change' Approach to Helping Patients Change Behavior.
American Family Physician 2000, 61:1409-16. PubMed Abstract
Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, Rossi JS, Goldstein MG, Marcus BH, Rakowski W, Fiore C, Harlow LL, Redding CA, Rosenbloom D, Rossi SR: Stages of Change and Decisional Balance for 12 Problem Behaviors.
Health Psychology 1994, 13(1):39-46. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, DiClemente CC, Fava J: Measuring process of change: Application to smoking cessation.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1988, 56(4):520-8. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Cancer Prevention Research Centre: Detailed Overview of the Transtheoretical Model. [http://www.uri.edu/research/cprc/TTM/detailedoverview.htm] webcite
Ni Mhurchu C, Margetts BM, Speller VM: Applying the Stages-of-Change Model to Dietary Change.
Nutrition Reviews 1997, 55(1):10-16. PubMed Abstract
World Health Organisation (WHO): WHO country and regional data. [http://www.who.int/diabetes/facts/world_figures/en/index3.html] webcite
Gulliford MC, Ariyanayagam-Baksh SM, Bickram L, Picou D, Mahabir D: Social Environment, Morbidity and Use of Health Care among People with Diabetes Mellitus in Trinidad.
Internal Journal of Epidemiology 1997, 26(3):620-7. Publisher Full Text
American Diabetes Association: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes.
Collier J: Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties. 5th edition. London: Oxford University Press; 2000.
Warsi A, Wang PS, LaValley MP, Avorn J, Solomon DH: Self -management education programs in chronic disease: a systematic review and methodological critique of the literature.
Arch Intern Med 2004, 164(15):1641-9. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Hulley SB, Cummings SR, Browner WS, Grady D, Hearst N, Newman TB: Designing Clinical Research. 2nd edition. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins; 2001.
Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA: Association of glycemia and macrovascular and microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study.
BMJ 2000, 321:405-12. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Jones H, Edwards L, Vallis TM, Ruggiero L, Rossi SR, Rossi JS, Greene G, Prochaska JO, Zinman B, Diabetes Stages of Change (DiSC) Study: Changes in diabetes self-care behaviors make a difference in glycemic control: the Diabetes Stages of Change (DiSC) study.
Diabetes Care 2003, 26(3):732-7. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross JC: In Search of How People Change.
American Psychologist 1992, 47(9):1102-1114. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Chullén J: Sweet words and harsh facts in Trinidad's sugar industry. [http:/ / www.ilo.org/ wcmsp5/ groups/ public/ ---ed_dialogue/ ---actrav/ documents/ publication/ wcms_111457.pdf] webcite
Goldberg DN, Hoffman AM, Farinha MF, Marder DC, Tinson-Mitchem L, Burton D, Smith EG: Physician Delivery of Smoking-Cessation Advice Based on the Stages-of-Change Model.
Am J Prev Med 1994, 10(5):267-74. PubMed Abstract
Zgibor JC, Simmons D: Barriers to Blood Glucose Monitoring in a Multiethnic Community.
Diabetes Care 2002, 25:1772-1777. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text


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We're coming off the bye week which means it's probably a good time to reflect on what's transpired so far this season for the Packers and, more importantly, how my preseason prediction is holding up.
I've done this the past few years to allow this computer-like brain of mine to reboot and factor in any significant events that might cause me to rethink my original forecast.
Well, we're seven games out from the end of the season and I have to say that if things continue like they have I'm probably no better than any of those polls prior to the election. ...


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...system manufactured at Lone Star Army Depot in Texarkana. -$10 million for operation and maintenance of the Mine Warfare Center of Excellence's Navy Reserve mine countermeasures ships at Naval Station Ingleside.
WASHINGTON (AP) - Congress wrapped up work Tuesday on the 1999 defense spending bill, sending President Clinton a $250.5 billion package that some fear lacks enough money to ensure top military readiness. With scant debate Tuesday, the Senate approved the defense measure on a 94-2 vote.
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|14th November 2012, 08:31 PM
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Last edited by Esperado; 14th November 2012 at 08:34 PM.
|14th November 2012, 08:34 PM
diyAudio Member
one thing I'm almost certain about is that one needs serious speakers to hear these differences. I'm doubtful about their relevance with mediocre ones.
regarding highs I'm more than happy with the highs I hear on my system and there's no way I'd want them smoother, it's already on the smooth side.
just found this on audiocircle, it's about linear vs switching:
I had early interest when Hypex started and was on the fence about purchasing until the upgraded UCD400HG became available. I bought 4 modules and built 2 stereo amps with very good linear power supplies (for bi-amping my OB line source speakers). Was very pleased with the performance. Did some tweaking with the input capacitors and output filter network with minor improvements. Decided to go all out and built battery power supplies for them at +/- 48VDC. They were sooo quiet with great soundstage depth. Some members may have heard them in my exhibit room three years back at RMAF. After a couple years the batteries started to become a bit of a pain so I went back to linear supplies. In an effort for further improvements, I removed the input capacitors completely and had a nice improvement. That is how I have been listening the past couple years.
Enter the NC400. I dropped them in my system to drive my OB panels from 200Hz up. While the supplied power cords looked nice, I used my own designs because I know their sound making it easier to hear overall changes in the sound of the system. Tonally they sound almost identical to my UCD400HGs (which means, very neutral). They are very quiet (as advertised) with an extremely good soundstage. The big question for me is are they better than mine since I use a good linear supply vs. their switching supply. The answer is yes. In the midrange it was close, but I felt the NCs had a better sense of space with improvements in very low level detail retrieval. Maybe a 5% improvement. The high frequencies were an easier call with the NCs being much cleaner and musical. A good 15% improvement over the UCDHGs. I did not test the bass performance. So, yes they are better and yes, they are worth purchasing. How will these babies sound with a really great linear power supply?
Chris H.
Hypex NCore NC400 - USA Tour Listening Impressions
but mind that the guy is a manufacturer.
to make other people's job easier, maybe it'd be a good thing to remind them that there is a (ongoing?) listening tour impression thread at audiocircle. user jwtrace built a NCORE-based amp (with Hypex SMPS) and sent it on a tour around US. users send their feedback there. very nice initiative.
Hypex NCore NC400 - USA Tour Listening Impressions
we all love a good ol' stereotype until it's against us
|14th November 2012, 08:36 PM
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Join Date: Aug 2005
Some weekends ago we did compare the ncore to a ucd400hg setup at a meeting with about 20 people. Most of the people heard very small differences.
But a lot of the people could not tell witch they like most. Most people said that day that they would not spent the extra money for the ncore modules because of the very small differences.
|14th November 2012, 08:42 PM
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|14th November 2012, 08:47 PM
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|14th November 2012, 09:02 PM
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I could not hear any difference with my dynaudio audience 52 Se speakers.
On a set of magnapan 3.7 speakers i like the linear powersupply above the smps. But the difference is very, very small. I think that it is important what speakers you use.
So it is as always with audio you must first listen on your own setup. When i look at price/performance ratio then the smps is the better choice.
|14th November 2012, 09:11 PM
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|14th November 2012, 09:17 PM
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I have owned those speakers and I'd recommend them any day for the price, especially that they're out of production and can be bought for bargain prices.
but they're not the most revealing out there WRT amplifiers, differences that are more than obvious on the current ones (Dynaudio Confidence 3) were masked by the Audiences. the Confidences use the Esotar tweeter and it's incomparable to the one used in the A52s. while it sounds somehow polite it's at the same time revealing. I think you know what I mean, not that in your face presentation but rather "yeah, I can do it if you want me to". I can wax lyrical too, you know LOL
I've compared the UCDs with other amps on the current speakers. there are differences but rather subtle (sublte is a vague and subjective term, be reminded, many others would readily pay 10k for that kind of subtle). I wouldn't be surprised if differences of the kind linear vs SMPS or UCD vs NCORE seemed slight or even completely masked on A52s.
all this needs to be taken in the context that the acoustic of my listening room is not exactly ideal.
we all love a good ol' stereotype until it's against us
|14th November 2012, 09:21 PM
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Join Date: Aug 2005
A quote from audiochews:
Quick update to this thread. The other week I heard an Art Audio Quintet power amp in place of the nCore's in my system. To my surprise the Art Audio (valve amp) which outputs 30w or so really drove my speakers in a way I've not yet achieved with the nCore's. In comparison the nCore's sounded less punchy and not as enjoyable. Given all the praise that the nCore's continue to receive on various fora I can't help feeling I've got something fundamentally wrong with my build. Surely with 200w on tap and 24a peak current output the nCore's should be capable of greater slam than a 30w valve amp?
This is what i heard also on my setup. I like the sound of my fu13 2 x 20watt tube amp much more then any class D amp. Visitors at my home always ask a demonstration of the difference between the hypex amps and my tube amps and mostly they like the Fu13 as best.
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Official site for Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Variety is the Coco Pops to your Rice Bubbles, and you'll get the best get up and go after trying out a new breakfast spot.
The first meal of the day should be comforting. Reliable options include the enduring Birdman Eating, Min Lokal and Auction Rooms, as well as cityside Hardware Societe and Cumulus Inc.
If you're feeling adventurous, hit Victoria Street, Richmond for pho, or yum cha in Chinatown. Jump across the globe to Sonido for breakfast arepas or spice up your morning with a Thai breakfast at Middle Fish.
This is Melbourne, so coffee needs its own mention. Your best cafe bets are those that prioritise the bean (often sourcing and roasting their own). Try Dead Man Espresso, Seven Seeds, St Ali or Market Lane.
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Kick your day off with a breakfast Bloody Mary and regroup sufficiently to enjoy Gertrude Street people watching and grown-up dishes like duck confit.
Catch some sun on the communal outside table, tuck into a hearty breakfast at the bar, or fight for a spot among the cluster of cosy inside seats.
A breakfast of Thai soup at Middle Fish with its sweet, sour and spicy flavours will immediately transport you to bleary brekkies at Thai roadsides.
Give your weekend mornings a South American glow and groove along to foot-tapping musica as you munch crispy arepas and sip Columbian hot chocolate.
Meet old mates and make new friends over early coffees, later wines and the scrumptious organic and regional produce at this bright Richmond café.
Hum your own wild west soundtrack, as things never get more dangerous in this lively South Melbourne café than chasing a pour-over with a flat white.
Anoint St Ali of South Melbourne your patron saint and savour in his name the carefully crafted espressos and the excellent breakfast and lunch.
Peep at the mini coffee bean plantation to get greater pleasure from a flat white, extracted to high standards by a crack-team of coffee connoisseurs.
Go Euro with traditional pastries, petit tapas and tantalizing sweet treats at this compact French–Spanish city eatery at the end of Hardware Lane.
Make Min Lokal your local and get the daily reward of warm hospitality as well as the claypots, salads, coffee and maybe a jug of Pimms in the sun.
Follow the aromas of freshly extracted single origin coffee beans down cobblestoned laneways and into laid-back coffee strips for that caffeine buzz.
Melbourne is a melting pot of cultures, a fact reflected in its restaurants, cafes, bistros and bars. Feast on a dizzying spread of the world's great cuisines.
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Premier League: New chairman Anthony Fry is a safe pair of hands
The Premier League's new chairman Anthony Fry is a Manchester United fan with a passion for Sussex County Cricket Club and a reputation in business circles as a big hitter.
He is chairman of Dairy Crest and head of the BBC Trust's Finance Committee, a position he will give up when he takes over from Sir Dave Richards and starts his three-year term in June.
While he has held numerous directorships with a variety of companies, his background is essentially in banking and finance. The 57-year-old spent 18 years with investment bank Rothschild and he is currently an adviser to the board of Banco Espirito Santo. He also has close connections to the Treasury and senior figures in Government.
It is that depth and breadth of experience which convinced the League's appointments committee, headed by the Chelsea chairman Bruce Buck, to go for Fry ahead of other leading candidates such as London 2012 vice chairman Sir Keith Mills and former Barclaycard chairman Gary Hoffman.
His financial experience will be seen as a great asset at a time when the league's 20 clubs are about to receive a 70% increase in domestic television and media revenue.
How that new money is spent and managed will be one of Fry's most important challenges, particularly with a handful of clubs unhappy about the introduction of new Financial Fair Play rules limiting players' wages and annual losses.
Fans will no doubt focus on his Manchester United affiliations - especially at a time when the Football Association has just appointed Greg Dyke - also a United fan - as their chairman.
With former Manchester United chief executive David Gill expected to become English football's representative on Uefa's executive committee in the summer, some may be suspicious of an Old Trafford carve up at the top of the English game.
Of far greater significance is Fry's relationship with the league's chief executive, Richard Scudamore. For the last 14 years he has been the driving force behind the league's expansion and success and he is unlikely to relinquish his role as the competition's mouthpiece and figurehead.
But, judging by Fry's own personal website, he is clearly not shy of publicity or short of an opinion. Despite delivering a stream of lucrative TV deals over the last decade or so, there is a small constituency of clubs who would like to check Scudamore's power.
Fry is the sort of person with the credibility and CV to do that, although I find it hard to believe Scudamore has not been centrally involved in his appointment. In fact, a few of the clubs are already grumbling about the way his recruitment has been handled, arguing they were not given proper time to debate the decision.
Scudamore will want Fry to be the quiet diplomat, working away behind the scenes to diffuse rows like that, leaving the executive free to keep driving the league forward. Whether that is how Fry sees it is another matter.
What we do know is that he is likely to offer a far safer pair of hands than Sir Dave Richards. While the former Sheffield Wednesday chairman was well liked by the club chairmen, he had a habit of putting his foot in it - quite literally when he was filmed falling into a fountain at a hotel in Doha last year.
While embarrassing, it was his public comments and political networking which often caused the greater damage for the league and for English football. At the same conference at which he got a soaking, he accused Uefa and Fifa of stealing the game from the English. He also told the 2022 World Cup hosts Qatar not to "bury their heads in the sand" over the country's alcohol ban.
Fry's CV suggests he won't make gaffes like that.
But he will need a deft touch to steer English football through the next phase of its development.
The new influx of TV money creates as many problems as it solves and both fans and the Government will be looking to the league to set a different tone of leadership.
Comment number 51. Posted by barnseysleftpegon 28 Apr 2013 15:58
This is now becoming a joke, add this guy to David gill and also dyke, nobody has a chance. Two massive games gifted to UTD by officials, Chelsea and Liverpool away, allowed them to take command of the season early on. You want evidence, not one (that's a big fat zero) pens awarded against UTD in nearly a whole season. Shocking
Comment number 50. Posted by metalbananaon 28 Apr 2013 10:19
As it will now be a decade or more before we can match the Bundesliege and German football and native talent development, number one priority must be to copy their system. The complacent and self-congratulatory outlook of English football administrators is corrosive and will lead to an implosion unless addressed swiftly.
Comment number 49. Posted by TheOneVoiceOfReasonon 28 Apr 2013 09:30
A safe pair of hands for the Premier League maybe but for professional football in this country ?
How many Clubs in the Leagues below are selling their souls in a bid to reach the promised land of the Premier League ?
In the race to compete financially with Europe's finest are the Premiership big guns killing the game that the majority of paying football fans adore.
Comment number 48. Posted by Peter Outon 28 Apr 2013 08:19
Well that's the Prem League and FA sown up now for UEFA and that pesky Platini in our sights, then the big one FIFA. By my reckoning Man U will be winning the world cup in Qatar! I've heard we will be the only team to have AIr Con
Oh, and by the way, football records pre 1993 don't count so any club who won anything before then arent allowed to use this fact as evidence against us being the best
Comment number 47. Posted by Luv2spoogeon 28 Apr 2013 07:23
46. Guessing your a Liverpool fan who thinks theres a conspiracy from the FA against your club?
Comment number 46. Posted by Balancedguyon 28 Apr 2013 01:24
Common on now another Man Utd fan on board! can't they get someone who doesn't follow big clubs, Man Utd have already been dominating the premier league, with this appointment this can't bode well for other english clubs...
P.S From Sussex are you serious? A Man Utd fan from Sussex, nothing suspicious about that then.
Comment number 45. Posted by Benon 27 Apr 2013 20:48
Even as a Man United fan I'm appalled by the fact the FA has employed someone who is likely to be biased (albeit to my team). However, he might have been hired on merit, and so would not be biased, a bit like Gary Neville's punditry. I hope it's the latter of the two.
Comment number 44. Posted by Don Craigenon 27 Apr 2013 19:20
Has he ever paid to get in a game ? Smoked salmon at half time and a nice limo to the airport .
Comment number 43. Posted by Royon 27 Apr 2013 19:09
Surprised no one has mentioned that he is Jonathan's brother!
Comment number 42. Posted by _mitch_on 27 Apr 2013 16:10
who really cares it will be more of the same rubbish, it needs sweeping changes thoughout. the same as the other place which I cant be bothered to name
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'Inside Llewyn Davis' All-Stars Honor Greenwich Village Heyday
Marcus Mumford performs with Oscar Isaac and the Punch Brothers during Another Day, Another Time: Celebrating the Music of 'Inside Llewyn Davis' in New York City.
At New York City's Town Hall on Sunday night, Patti Smith had the best line of the night. Glancing at a chorus line of musicians behind her, Smith admitted, "I don't even know who they are, half of them." The audience laughed, and Smith courteously added, "But I'm pleased to see them." With that, Smith and her semi-mystery guests – which included her son Jackson and members of the Avett Brothers and the progressive bluegrass band the Punch Brothers – launched into a stomping, hootenanny makeover of her modern-day empowerment song, "People Have the Power."
The 10 Greatest Bob Dylan Songs
"Another Day, Another Time," a multi-act concert pegged to the release of Joel and Ethan Coen's upcoming film Inside Llewyn Davis, was that kind of night: a bustling salute to the sounds and the idea of Sixties folk music that, despite a little fuzziness around the edges, ultimately delivered on its promise. Organized by the movie's soundtrack co-producer, T Bone Burnett, the concert featured the stars of that movie, a roman à clef inspired by the late Village folk god Dave Van Ronk's memoir The Mayor of MacDougal Street. They were joined by genre legend Joan Baez, one modern-day troubadour affiliated with the movie (Marcus Mumford) and one who isn't (Gillian Welch), and indie-rock types with an affinity for unplugged instruments (Jack White, Conor Oberst, the Decemberists' Colin Meloy).
Some of the songs performed during the show can be heard in the movie, but just as many weren't. Some, like Ian Tyson's "Four Strong Winds" or Tom Paxton's "The Last Thing on My Mind," were written during the Village's folkie heyday, while others were written decades later. The concert was akin to one of those soundtrack albums filled with songs "inspired by," but not actually in, a certain movie.
From the start, "Another Day, Another Time" grappled with a basic quandary: What is folk music two decades into the 21st century, and how should it be presented? The show opened with the nattily dressed Punch Brothers doing the Thirties cowboy anthem "Tumbling Tumbleweeds." Between that song and Town Hall's red-draped stage, the feel was more Prairie Home Companion than Gerde's Folk City. Intentionally or not, moments like that evoked the time in the late Fifties and early Sixties when folk music graduated from clubs to concert halls – and tried, with varying degrees of success, to retain its intimacy and power in bigger, more commercialized settings.
Some of the performances that followed the Punch Brothers' stayed crisply true to the idea of folk music, with nary an electric instrument and plenty of onstage denim. Yet they also raised questions: Should modern folk be something traditional, and therefore authentic? Or can it incorporate recent songs like the White Stripes' "We're Going to Be Friends" (given a charming stripped-down arrangement by White and a small bluegrass ensemble) or the Avett Brothers' "Head Full of Doubt/Road Full of Promise"?
For all the formality of the night, which was exceedingly well-paced and organized, the concert recalled a time when one or two people, bearing one or two unplugged instruments, could be as enthralling as the greatest rock or EDM track. Meloy's solo version of cult hero Jackson Frank's "Blues Run the Game" made that point, as did performances of the coffeehouse standard "Green, Green Rocky Road" by Llewyn Davis star Oscar Isaac (a solid finger-picker, it turns out) and Mumford's cover of Bob Dylan's rare, early "I Was Young When I Left Home." Baez's version of "House of the Rising Sun" showcased a voice that's huskier than in her youth but can still twirl up to its soprano heights. Oberst, Welch and Dave Rawlings powered through "Man Named Truth" (from Oberst's Monsters of Folk side project) with just the right amount of righteous lefty indignation, and Smith did a stately version of Anne Bredon's "Babe I'm Gonna Leave You," which Smith acknowledged she first heard in a version by Baez ("our undisputed fierce queen" of the genre, she declared onstage).


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Animals by Tim Flach - the Most Stunning Ever - 20 Pics
Posted 3 years ago / Views: 7,700
All of these stunning portraits are parts of a book More than Human by a London photographer Tim Flach. He devoted his work to animals and pointing out the similarity between their actions and gestures and those of a human. His originality is in capturing animals' behavior and sharing it with animal lovers. I guess we could once again thank him for that. Enjoy the pictures, they're really astonishing!
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The measure, which prohibits the Internal Revenue Service from asking taxpayers questions regarding religious, political or social beliefs for one year, passed by a vote of 243 to 176.
"Like many people in Kentucky, I was outraged to learn that the IRS was targeting applicants for tax-exempt status based on political leanings," stated Whitfield.
"The fact that the IRS would target groups based solely on their political persuasions is an abuse of government power that must be brought to an end. Agencies like the IRS should never be allowed to target groups based on their ideological beliefs or for exercising their First Amendment rights."
In November of 2013, the IRS and Treasury department published proposed rules that would significantly alter 501(c)(4) tax-exempt organization activities. Under the new rules, organizations cannot engage in voter registration and get-out-the-vote activities, or convene candidate forums.
Congress is still actively investigating the targeting that occurred leading up to the 2012 elections so Whitfield does not think this is the appropriate time for the IRS to be implementing even more restrictive regulations.H.R. 3865, the Stop Targeting of Political Beliefs by the IRS Act of 2014, would prohibit the IRS from moving forward with this rule for one year.
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Release Date: 2009 |
Album Rating: 4.0any admin want to post the album art for this, it'd be appreciated. thanks!
Digging: Grimes - Art Angels
album owns.
I need some Neko Case solo stuff, she has such an incredible voice. Will check this out.
Album Rating: 3.5I really want this album
nice review.
Album Rating: 4.5This is the best album of early 09, and I have little doubt it will end up in my top five by year end.
Album Rating: 4.0I'm glad everyone's in agreement This might be bumped up to a 4.5 the more I listen to it.
just posted in the mods thread to get the album art sorted so should be done soon :thumb:
Album Rating: 4.0excellent! thanks gas
so yeah i still need to listen to this
& now that i have it rules. listening to this again right now
Album Rating: 4.0album is pretty good. ive never really listened to her before. are any of her other albums as good as this?
i think Fox Confessor Brings the Flood is a bit better and Furnace Room Lullaby is also legit. Her
stuff with the New Pornographers is great too.This Message Edited On 03.20.09
Album Rating: 4.0Mmmm pretty...
Album Rating: 3.0This sounds interesting, thanks for the rec StreetlightRock.
Album Rating: 4.0Yeah Neko Case is awesome I forgot all about this!
Album Rating: 3.0I liked what I heard on last.fm, but there wasn't anything from this and almost all the songs were 30 second samples. I'll have to wait until I'm off work to listen further.
Album Rating: 4.0are you a fan of the new pornographers?
Album Rating: 3.0I've never heard them.
Album Rating: 4.0Great band, she is in the band. Any of their albums are great, Electric Version is the best though
Album Rating: 3.0I'll check that out too because I like her voice.
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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Even those problems, which the public attributed to Bush, they are no longer willing to absolve the Left from addressing. If you offer your policies as solutions, then the public expects you to shoulder the responsibility of doing the job -- not simply assigning the blame.
Just as when a plumber is called to fix a flooded basement, the homeowners quickly tire of explanations as to why the basement is flooded. They just want the water gone. And if it isn't, they call another plumber. America is making that call today.
America has now made it clear that its patience with excuses without results is over. The "blame Bush" ploy no longer works. Simply not being Bush is no longer sufficient qualification.
Conservatives should take this lesson to heart as well. The public has started the clock on them today. In accelerating succession, Democrats held the House for four decades, Republicans then held it for just over one, and Democrats now have held it for just two terms. There is no reason to believe the public will be any more generous to the Right with its patience, than it was to the Left.
Despite the Left's continued attempts to remake it into an intent-oriented society, America is still a results-oriented one. There is no better evidence than this that America remains at its core a conservative nation.
The Left is intent-oriented. For the Left, what motivates is what matters -- not what actually comes from it. What motivates an action is what determines their perception of it. For the Left, it is not simply enough to have accomplished a task, it must have been inspired by adherence to its principles.
The reason is simple: The Left's principles do not work in practice. So the last thing the Left is willing to do, is to have them measured by its results. Instead, it must be measured by intent.
The Right is just the opposite. It is results-oriented. The reason is equally simple: its principles do work in practice. So if an undertaking is measured by outcomes, the Right is confident that, if its principles were applied, the action will have been successful.
This fundamental difference between the Left and Right explains why blaming Bush has been so important to liberals. And so overused. Unable to succeed in practice, they inherently, and eternally, need an excuse.
After today, the Left will have to come up with a new excuse for its inability to solve problems. Even better yet, as America is making clear today, it will have to come up with solutions -- or make room for someone who has them.
Seems like I'm not the only person out there taking note of the intent game.
After today, America has a small chance in my opinion. The conservatives have helped reinvigorate the Republican party via the Tea Party and have taken and mostly reversed a thorough beating from 4 years ago.
What can be done going forward from here? Who knows? It depends upon how quickly other branches can either be captured or influenced from the gains that happen today. I suspect Democrats will control the Senate by a seat or so. The Fed will still be under the control of super Keynesian Bernarke who was nominated by Bush and renominated by Obama. The Boomers will still be out there just as selfish as ever.
As for the Democrats themselves, they don't appear ready to learn anything from this election. Everyone who votes for someone else is a no-nothing, an enemy, they are stupid and scared. They appear ready to go both barrels in with a whole array of -ists and -isms to explain their troubles along with the new and increasingly virulent form of misogyny that labels all Republican women of any form as either nuts, or sluts or both.
Will we see more awakening and movement after this? Can we hope to get the budget deficit down to the horrible and deplorable levels of ONLY $250-300 BILLION a year that we saw during the Bush years instead of the trillion+ we are seeing now? Can someone please end some damn wars and bring the troops home from Iraq, Afghanistan, Germany, Japan, etc.? Can we agree to fair trade as a policy rather than engaging in games of chicken via multiple countries devaluing their currency in an every escalating currency war that is a proxy for the trade war out there?
The problems are looming ever larger. The longer the delay the higher the cost of action. Today isn't a good start because ideally Republicans would have never lost their way in the first place but that didn't happen.
Will it happen this time or is this the last hurrah before the huge decline? The Boomers never thought the rules would apply to them. The professional pundit class thinks that snarky jokes and a march of standing for nothing but mocking everything will somehow show us the way.
Either way, after today, a change has been made and it will hopefully be the beginning of us clawing our way back from the abyss rather than just falling in.
"During times of universal deceit, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act." -George Orwell
"During times of universal deceit, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act." -George Orwell


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Chris Bischoff with the Zoneton Fire Dept., participates in the ceremony in honor of victims of 9-11. Sept., 9, 2012
- Filed Under
Louisville-area 9/11 events:
? Portland Elementary, 3410 Northwestern Parkway. Students will participate in performances, including the singing of the National Anthem. A local firefighter will speak to students about the importance of serving others. 9 a.m.
? Hite Elementary, 12408 Old Shelbyville Road. Parents, military, the Middletown Fire Department, members of the VFW Post, the Middletown mayor, Louisville Metro Police Department officers, Jefferson County Public Schools officials, Metro Councilman Jerry Miller and others will join students and staff at 9 a.m. to lower the ...


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A resource for journalists who cover violence
In London, an exhibition and discussion of the work of UK photographers returned home from covering the Egyptian revolution. Entry is by donation, to benefit Egyptian journalists.
After covering the first 18-days of the Egyptian revolution, many UK photographers and video journalists have returned to London and will be screening their work in a special one night event, organised by the London Photographers' Branch (LPB) and the British Press Photographers Association (BPPA), at the Shortwave Cinema.
Starting at 8 p.m., video and photographs will be shown covering the extraordinary events that unravelled during the popular uprising against President Hosni Mubarak and his regime. There will also be a question-and-answer discussion with the photographers and video journalists who covered the uprising.
When: Tuesday, 1 March
Where: Shortwave Cinema, 10 Bermondsey Square
Entry is by donation. There will be a raffle to win selected prints donated by the photographers. All profits will go to the Egyptian Journalist Support Fund.
Your contributions help the Dart Center nurture informed, innovative and ethical news reporting on violence, conflict and tragedy worldwide.
The Dart Center is a project of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.
© Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York


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China Unicom to offer amnesty for gray-market iPhones
updated 05:00 pm EDT, Mon October 26, 2009
May legitimize many Chinese devices
Some users of gray-market iPhones will soon be eligible for an amnesty in China, writes the China Business Times. Official products for the region are set to go on sale later this week, after an unusually long negotiation period with Apple. Prices will be considerably higher than many Chinese are able to afford however, which could lead a number to choose unlocked import phones, which are also frequently less expensive.
Shanghai Unicom -- a subsidiary of China Unicom -- has consequentially announced plans to allow those with gray-market iPhones to sign up for officially-supported service. Customers will thus be able to take advantage of all iPhone cellular features, some of which would otherwise be blocked on unauthorized SIM cards. The strategy is unusual, as unlocked iPhones are typically only supported in regions with multiple official carriers.
Over 1.5 million iPhones are thought to already be in use in China. Shanghai Unicom also faces the obstacle of numerous imitation iPhones, which often omit key functions but are nevertheless cheaper and stylistically similar. The amnesty should eventually extend to all China Unicom customers.


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Stainless Steel Cookie Press with 10 Discs & 6 Icing Nozzles
The easy to use Cookie Press by Danesco is made from high quality Stainless Steel and comes in very handy, especially during Christmas time. The Cookie Press comes with 10 discs and 6 icing nozzles so you will be able to easily decorate your homemade cookies.
The Cookie Press is dishwasher safe and comes in a gift box.


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- Filed Under
North River High School Class of 1995 Reunion
Classmates and guests of the North River High School, class of 1955 gathered recently for their eighth reunion and to celebrate 57 years since their graduation. There were 18 class members of the 46 graduates and one post graduate and a number of spouses attended the reunion. Faculty member Mr. William Simmons and his wife were also guests.
A recognition time was celebrated to remember eight deceased class members. The reunion group enjoyed a luncheon buffet at Aroma Buffet and Grill in Harrisonburg.


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Look at that beautiful billboard! Obviously, you want to run out to the street and find the nearest one near you, be it a giant billboard like that, or something smaller like a bus shelter or subway station wall. Once you find it, what are you gonna do? Take a picture of it! Then, upload it to our Facebook and you could win $1,000, and a plush bathrobe (once you see all our ads, that second part will make more sense.)
There are huge prizes for everyone; beyond the thousand bucks we're giving out thousands of dollars of driving credit, as well as other fun prizes like leather chaps and toothbrushes. The more people you get to "like" your photo, the more you win. So what are you waiting for? Check out our Facebook for more details, and then grab your camera and get snapping!
And if you're thinking "well, what's the deal with the actual billboard?" we're just spreading the RelayRides passion! If you're an owner, we want to help get you new borrowers to make you even more money. And if you're a borrower, this way you'll have even more cars to choose from. Think of it as our little way of saying "we love you." So if you love us back, go participate in our contest!


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The awards given to the faculty and students of the department
- Professor Yu Huang received 2010 Sloan Research Fellowship.
- Professor Yu Huang was awarded the 2009 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), the highest honor given by the United States government to young engineers and scientists at the outset of their professional careers.
- Professor Bruce Dunn (Nippon Sheet Glass Chair) was
honored as a Distinguished Lecturer at Case Western Reserve University for his
work on Three-Dimensional Batteries.
He's also the Assistant Director for the Energy Frontier Research Center
at UCLA.
- Professor Mark Goorsky received Science Foundation
Ireland E.T.S. Walton Visitor Award.
He will spend five months in Ireland to conduct research.
- Professors Kodambaka received the inaugural Paul Holloway Award from the American Vacuum Society.
- Professors King-Ning Tu received 2008 K.T. Li Chair
Professor Award by NCKU, Taiwan.


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November 25, 2015
...Multi-Day Heavy Rainfall Threat For Southern Florida...
The Global Numerical Models Are Indicating A Very Active Weather
Pattern For The Contiguous United States This Period.
Two Significant Systems Are Expected In The Westerlies, And A Moist,
Energetic Tropical Regime Is Predicted Over The Eastern Gulf Of
There Were Significant Enough Differences Among The Various Deterministic Models From Both The 00z/31 And 06z/31 Cycles To Preclude Reliance On The Details Of Any Particular Solution. The 00z/31 Ecens Mean Was Chosen As A Mass Field Guide, As It Still Addressed The Various Sensible Weather Threats, But Did Not Commit Wholesale To Exact Low Tracks, Moisture Plumes, Et
The First System In The Main Band Of Westerlies Is Expected To
Clear The East Coast By Early Day 4, Painting A Stripe Of Rainfall
From New England To The Central Florida Peninsula.
The Second System Is Progged To Slide Across The Northwest And Onto The Plains By Mid Period, Then Shear Into The Great Lakes By Day 7. Widespread Showers Should Soak Much Of The Nation's Midsection Throughout The Evolution Of This Wave, With A Shift In Forcing From Mid Levels To Low-Level Overrunning Across The Southern Plains Day 6.
For Florida, Whether Or Not An Organized Tropical Cyclone Materializes Over The Eastern Gulf Of Mexico--As Per The 00z/31
Gfs, Ecmwf, And Gem Global--It Appears That The High-Precipitable-Water Airmass Currently In Place Across Southern
Florida Will Continue To Be Reinforced From The South And East
Through The Next Week, With The Threat Of Protracted Heavy
Rainfall From Even Modest Shortwave Wiggles Spinning Off The
Parent Circulation Somewhere Over The Bay Of Campeche.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Where Science and Spirit Converge
Ormus elements are atoms in an orbitally rearranged, monatomic state. Ormus appears to be a fifth state of matter–solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and ormus. To date, at least forty-four elements, from hydrogen to potassium to gold, have been observed in the ormic state.
Ormic elements are monatomic, not part of chemical compounds. They have unusual properties.
Five percent of the dry weight of the human brain and nervous system are composed of ormic elements (and perhaps five percent of everything else as well). Ormic elements are essential to the structure and function of all living things.
Click here to read more about Ormus materials
Click picture below for an introduction to ormus
Click picture below for a popular interview of Dave Kane by Hugh Reilly
Click picture below to watch an excellent documentary on the history and properties of ormus materials
It is believed that elements were the simplest form of purified material on earth. They were broken down to the simplest possible form and isolated in a pure substance. The periodic table is the list of elements in their order of complexity and is arranges from the simplest hydrogen atom with one proton and one electron to uranium with some 260 component electrons, protons and neutrons.
It is believed that the structure of each element consists of a grouping of protons and neutrons in the centre with increasing size electron rings orbiting the central core as the element gets larger and moves up the periodic table. These elements are components of all the materials we use on this earth whether organic or man made. All of the substances we make are valence bonded materials. This just means that the elemental core clusters share their electron rings with other clusters and create the new substance. Sodium and Chlorine join and create sodium chloride or table salt.
Most of the elements have rings that are not completely full, thus allowing this sharing phenomenon. All of our analytical equipment measures these valence bonding characteristics. Some of the so called inert gasses have full and balanced rings. Their unique characteristic is that they do not bond well with anything, hence their name "inert."
All of these elemental materials exist as a solid, liquid or gas depending on their temperature. Some of these materials become plasmas at super cold temperatures and have some different behavioural characteristics.
This brings us to the ormus state of being. In the ormus state the atoms do not bond and cannot be measured by conventional analysis equipment. Ormus materials attain a high spin energized state. There is still not a great deal about known about this. Atoms are considered to be round but in the Ormus energized state the atoms are believed to rotate so quickly that they deform and lengthen and roughly resemble the shape of a bow tie. When this state is achieved the atom of matter becomes a photon of light. It cannot bond with matter as it is no longer matter, it is light. This concept raises an important opportunity for further research.
Contact HumannaGold
Worldwide shipping
Dave & Riki
Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
Disclaimer: The entire contents of this website are based upon the opinions of various authors. The information on this website is intended as a sharing of knowledge and information, some of which may be anecdotal. This information is not intended as medical advice, or to replace a personal relationship with a qualified health care professional. We encourage you to make your own health care decisions with prudence and common sense. Our products have not been evaluated by the United States Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to treat, cure or prevent disease. No claims of health benefits are made for ormus or any Humannagold or other products. Everyone is different and you may have different experiences than others in response to anything.


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A goblet a day: The health benefits of red wine
Feb 17, 2012, 11:15 a.m.
Does enjoying a glass of red wine each day seem like a guilty pleasure? Recent studies are showing that moderate wine consumption is anything but guilty, and can actually provide health benefits. So, when the craving hits for that nightly glass, don't feel bad giving in -- and pass that Merlot.
The evidence that red wine (in moderation) can actually be healthy continues to accumulate. Below are just a few benefits to that nightly glass of Cabernet.
Red wine increases good cholesterol. According to the Mayo Clinic , red wine can help increase the "good" cholesterol in the body and may actually decrease the bad cholesterol.
Red wine contains antioxidants. Red wine contains non-alcoholic components called flavanoids, which are antioxidants. These act to rid the body of free radicals, which can cause a variety of diseases as well as escalate the aging process.
Red wine helps to prevent blood clots. Yale-New Haven Hospital cites another health benefit of red wine -- that it helps to reduce blood clots, a common cause of heart attacks and strokes.
Red wine may inhibit tumor growth. Yale-New Haven Hospital also indicates that a key component in red grape skins, Resveratrol, may stop some cancerous tumors from growing.
Though doctors might not prescribe a bottle of Pinot Noir to go along with blood pressure medications anytime soon, a nightly glass of wine can still do the body good. Just remember, everything in moderation -- meaning one glass a night, not five. Cheers!
Content Provided by Spot55.com


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YUBA COUNTY Biographies
Yuba County is to be congratulated upon having for a citizen such a man of true worth and unquestionable character as Alvin O. Erickson, a ranch owner and president of the Yuba County Fair Association. He was born on June 16, 1890, near Braham, Isanti County, Minn., a son of August and Matilda Erickson, whose sketch appears on another page of this history.
Alvin O. Erickson came to Stanislaus County, Cal., with his parents in 1900 and was reared and educated in the Delhi school district. After completing the grammar school he took one year in high school and then entered Heald's Business College in Los Angeles, where he was graduated in 1910. Then he was associated with his father. He came to Arboga and on November 10, 1911, he purchased forty acres, and later an additional twenty acres, which he has devoted to alfalfa and vineyard. Then ten acres which is set to vines is devoted to the Thompson Seedless variety, but he intends planting some Alicante Bouchette grapes. Mr. Erickson was one of the first ranchers in this district. He cleared and leveled the land and built fine ranch buildings and a modern home on this ranch. He maintained a dairy until recently.
On December 11, 1912, at Turlock, Cal., Alvin O. Erickson was united in marriage with Miss Anna Lundell, who was born near Lincoln, Nebr.; she came to Turlock, Cal., with her parents when she was a small child. Her father, Charles A. Lundell, who was a farmer, and her mother, Sophia (Anderson) Lundell, are the parents of seven children: Henry, and Mrs. Esther Erlandson, both of Turlock; Elna, wife of Rev. Albert Dwight, both of whom are missionaries to China; Elbin, in Klamath Falls, Ore.; Anna, now Mrs. A. O. Erickson; Arvid, of Turlock; and Mrs. Olive Johnson, of Modesto. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson have a son, Irving. Mr. Erickson is a stanch supporter of the Republican party. He is the first president of the Yuba County Fair Association. For some time he has been a trustee of the Arboga school district. He has been an enthusiastic stock breeder specializing in Belgian horses and pure bred Jersey cows; in 1921 he took nine blue ribbons, and in 1922 he took fourteen blue ribbons at the Yuba County Fair. His stock has been exhibited in Yuba, Sutter and Glenn Counties and is ranked among the very best in the Golden State.
History of Yuba and Sutter Counties, Historic Record Company, Los Angeles, 1924
p. 1253
RICHARD C. De WITT
Among the well known ranchmen and vineyardists of Sutter County is Richard C. De Witt, whose activities constitute a valuable contribution to the development and upbuilding of the district in which he lives. His fine eighty-acre ranch, seventy acres of which is in Thompson Seedless grapes, lies about ten miles southwest of Yuba City. This ranch is irrigated by two pumps, electrically operated, one a five-inch and the other a six-inch pump. He was born near Sutter City, February 9, 1878, a son of William Golder and Florence (Armstrong) De Witt, natives of New York and California, respectively, whose life history is given elsewhere in this volume.
Richard C. De Witt attended the Brittan Grammar School and the Sutter Union High School; then he entered Heald's Business College in San Francisco, where he took an engineering course. At the age of eighteen he entered the railway mail service, running between San Francisco and Ogden, Utah. His next venture, two years later, was in mining at Mokelumne Hill and Camp Seco, Tuolumne County. During this time he took an International Correspondence course in mining. He spent eight years in the mines throughout Northern California. Then he removed to Stockton where he worked as a machinist for the Holt Manufacturing Company; then he went into the field as an instructor to the farmers of California and Nevada in the use of the Holt products. In 1915 he located on his present ranch of eighty acres; besides this he leases 900 acres which he farms to grain.
On December 13, 1912, at San Francisco, Mr. De Witt was married to Alleen Marie Jones, born at Meridian, Cal., daughter of Newton and Ida Jane (Flagg) Jones, born in Meridan, Cal., and Massachusetts, respectively. Grandfather James Jones came to California in pioneer days, followed mining, then was an early settler at Meridian, where he was a pioneer farmer and a large landowner. He died there. Newton Jones was a farmer at Meridian. He met an accidental death in February, 1917, being shot while watching target practice. The mother resides in the old home. Of five children, Mrs. De Witt is next to the youngest. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. De Witt: Idabelle Bernice; Frank Golder; and Florence Marie. Mr. De Witt is a member of Enterprise Lodge No. 70, F.&A.M., of Yuba City, and the Sciots at Marysville, and is also a Scottish Rite Mason. Mrs. De Witt is a member of Fidelia Chapter No. 56, O.E.S. at Yuba City, and the Wednesday Evening Club of Meridian. Mr. De Witt is liberal in his political views, preferring to vote for the candidate best fitted for office rather than be confined to strict party lines.
History of Yuba and Sutter Counties, Historic Record Company, Los Angeles, 1924
p. 1254
Copyright ©2003, 2004, 2005 Kathy Sedler ALL RIGHTS RESERVED These electronic pages may NOT be reproduced in any format for profit or presentation by any other organization or persons. Persons or organizations desiring to use this material, must obtain the written consent of the contributor. The contributor has given permission to the Yuba Roots website to store the file permanently for free access, but retain the rights to their work.


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|Hazardous Waste Program fact sheet
|Division of Environmental Quality Director: Leanne Tippett Mosby
This fact sheet applies to sites being addressed under 10 CSR 25-18.010 and associated guidance where investigation data demonstrates that contamination has migrated in soil or groundwater onto a property enrolled in the Brownfields/Voluntary Cleanup Program (BVCP) from an adjacent or nearby property.
The Risk-Based Corrective Action Process rule, 10 CSR 25-18.010, became effective on Oct. 30, 2009. Section (1)(A)30 of the rule defines "site" as: "[The] areal extent of contamination inclusive of contamination both on the property at which the contamination originated and on all adjacent and nearby properties onto which such contamination has or is likely to migrate." The foregoing definition of "site" does not address situations where environmental investigations discover contamination on a specific property enrolled in the BVCP did not originate on that property. This fact sheet is intended to address such situations.
As part of a phase I environmental site assessment, contamination on adjacent or nearby properties that may impact the subject property constitutes a recognized environmental condition. When the investigation of a property enrolled in the BVCP finds contamination on the enrolled property did not originate on the property, the BVCP participant must:
- Investigate that portion of the contamination found on their property.
- Assess the risk posed by the contamination.
- If the level of risk is found to exceed applicable standards, conduct remediation or risk management to lower the risk to acceptable standards.
A participant in the Brownfields/Voluntary Cleanup Program is under no obligation to investigate an adjacent or nearby property for contamination originating on that property. However, in some cases, particularly those cases involving groundwater contamination, remedial actions might prove difficult if the scope of the actions is not expanded to include the source of the contamination. In those cases, the BVCP participant must either obtain permission from the adjacent or nearby landowner to access their property and remediate the source of contamination or obtain an agreement from the landowner to address the source her or himself.
If the owner of the source property is unwilling to address the contamination or to allow the BVCP participant access to their property, the department has the option of using an authority other than the BVCP law and regulation to require the adjacent property owner address the contamination or allow the BVCP participant to do so. Whether the department uses such authority to compel investigation and cleanup is dependent on several factors, including the degree of risk posed by the contamination and the specific regulatory authority deemed applicable. In any case, the department cannot issue a certification of completion for a property enrolled in the BVCP at which risk levels exceed acceptable standards, regardless of the source of the contamination.
The departmental MRBCA guidance and related information is available online at http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/hwp/mrbca/mrbca.htm
For More Information
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Hazardous Waste Program
P.O. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102-0176
800-361-4827 or 573-751-3176