text:
The Little Details
Running Time: approx. 108 min. total footage (includes both angles)
Production Date: 9 / 11 / 2005
Director: Joone
Cast: Jana Cova and �you�
The Short Story
Initial Expectations: Although this series has been a bit hit or miss for me, two things have me really looking forward to this one. First is Jana Cova, who is easily one of the hottest girls in porn. Second is that Digital Playground looks like they're expanding the virtual sex options here, which was the main thing holding this series back for me. Although I'll be surprised if Jana takes a real cock in this one, I still can't help but really look forward to this one.
Initial Reaction: Jana looks great, but the strap-on action with virtual sex just didn't work with me this time.
Who Should Watch It : Anybody wanting well done virtual sex
Who Should Avoid It: Anybody wanting extras or a boy � girl virtual sex experience
The Technical Stuff
Audio /Video Quality: As usual with Digital Playground, there's some very nice effort put into the technical aspects. The audio is very clear, and although I didn't notice a single background noise with it, it does start out almost muted and build up to full volume for the innocent titty fuck. The video is very nicely presented in anamorphic widescreen. This is great for the presenting the action because it uses the extra width to lay out the icons for the different choices while Jana is framed in the middle of the screen. For the most part the video looks fantastic, but there are a couple places where I noticed a little pixelation.
Music: The standard music is included for the striptease segment, and is nicely balanced with the rest of the audio.
False Advertising: The box cover states �...You can even make her cum at the push of a button. She'll take it anywhere you want it...�. I'll admit to a little confusion here whether Jana's taking �it� anywhere you want it refers to the pop shot or the possibility of anal sex. Both sound like great ideas, but the press release from Digital Playground states �You can even make her cum at the push of a button and decide where you want your own load to land. She'll take it anywhere you want it.�. This clears up the confusion, but whatever way one wants to take it, it just doesn't happen on this DVD. Although I hate to do it since Digital Playground has become one of my favorite studios, I'm deducting a half point from the overall score because of this.
Menus: The menus have kept with the usual format for this series. The main menu features Jana standing and waiting while you make your choice on the menu below to start with. The sex selection menu then works itself around the edges of the screen with icons so large that there's talk they once caused a partial lunar eclipse.
The FeatureSince she first burst into the adult world, blonde Czech goddess Jana Cova has been turning heads. A beautiful face and a flawless body with fantastic natural tits and a killer ass has a tendency to do that for porn fans. Sure, she may not do guys, but Digital Playground could easily read the writing on the wall and made her one of their contract girls. Here you get the chance to fantasize about taking on Jana yourself... that is, if you had a strap-on for a cock.
Digital Playground keeps the exact same format as all their other Virtual Sex With... releases, starting with Jana standing in front of a black background looking quite hot in a sexy pink bra and panties giving you the choice between having her strip, tell stories, or go right to the foreplay or sex. For the strip teases, the camera zooms in and out as it pans around and lets Jana show off her magnificent body for about four minutes. Jana gives plenty of dirty talk as she strips down and shows herself off before it reverts back to the menu screen. Not surprisingly, this is a very nice start for Jana's virtual sexperience.
Jana will also tell a few sex stories for about a minute and three quarters. As usual, Jana dances around in a few sexy outfits and shows off in front of a wall of flame. Jana talks about her wildest sex experience on a recent vacation as well as what she likes sexually for both men and women. She also shares a surprising sex fantasy and talks about how the industry has affected her sexually. This segment seems all too short, but is also quite nice.
When it comes to foreplay and sex, Jana lets you have plenty of options. As usual, you also have the choice between two different camera angles, one of which is always a POV angle and one which gives a close-up or side angle. For foreplay, Jana will let �you� work on her pussy with either fingers or a toy, or you can also grope her tits or ass. She'll also let you eat her pussy (which as usual, comes off plenty hokey). She isn't greedy, and will work on �you� with her mouth or tits to get �you� ready. Jana also lets you fuck her in missionary, doggie, or either cowgirl. For each choice, you also get to choose whether Jana will be �Innocent� or �Nasty�, with each act also getting a pop that's shared between the moods.
For her part, Jana does a pretty good job. She looks fantastic, and plays to the camera very well without mugging it to help with the virtual experience. My only problem with Jana's contribution to the virtual side of things is that there were many times when there didn't seem to be much difference between the �innocent� and �nasty� moods. My other problem with the action with Jana is that this is an all girl virtual sex release. That wasn't any problem for me with Virtual Sex with Sophia Santi, but here I just couldn't get into it as much. Even with those problems, Jana puts on a good enough show that I couldn't get too down about it.
For the technical end of things, I have some mixed feelings. The segments normally loop to the start of each segment, which sometimes gave a slightly jerky feeling to the scene energy but not too often. This became a much bigger problem for the pop shots, as once you selected the pop shot for the position you were in it never moved past it until you told it to. This might not be bad with pop shot segments that were a minute or so longer, but the vast majority of them here were only about thirty seconds long. It would be much better if the cumshot segments would loop back to the previous segment, which would give a much better virtual feel in my opinion. Maybe having just one pop shot segment confuses this for authoring, but when there's faked cumshots all the time like it is here, it shouldn't be that much of a problem to have a cumshot segment for each mood rather than sharing them between the moods for each sex act. The other problem with the segments is that whenever you choose a sex act, it always defaults to the �innocent� mood. I have nothing against �Innocent Jana�, but if I'm working my way through this one seeing just how nasty Jana can be, I don't want to be constantly changing the moods to keep it in the mood I want. Virtual Sex with Jana Cova is pretty good technically, but polishing it up in a few places would make it much better.
Being an all girl virtual sex experience, it goes without saying that the cumshots are faked. That said, they're also faked quite well. They're wet cumshots rather than computerized, and nobody gets carried away with the volume. For faked cumshots, these are nicely done, and my only real problem here is that the mood sometimes feels a little off by having them be shared between the two moods.
Virtual Sex with Jana Cova is a pretty good virtual sex release. As always Jana looks fantastic, and although there isn't always a large difference between the moods she does play to the camera very well. The segments loop nicely, and for fake pop shots they're handled pretty well. The sex acts are pretty standard here, but nicely add some titty fucking with Jana's perfect rack. That doesn't mean that this is a perfect virtual sex release, as the authoring could use a touch of work and the all girl angle of the release did interfere with things for me. One can only hope that when Jana does take cock that Digital Playground will release Virtual Sex with Jana Cova 2. For now, however, Virtual Sex with Jana Cova is a pretty well done virtual sex release.
The Extra StuffNone.
The Down -n- Dirty Sex Stuff
Themes: Virtual sex, all girl, tease, masturbation, toys, oral, and titty fucking
Raincoat Factor: Very high
Condom Usage: None needed
The Bottom Line:Currently, many of Digital Playground�s virtual sex DVDs can be found online for between about $20 and $32 with stores everywhere in between. If you're a fan of Digital Playground's virtual sex series, there isn't anything here to make you stop loving it now. Jana Cova looks great, and does a pretty good job throughout the action, which at times seems a bit limited. The technical aspects are near perfect, but sadly there's no extras. Virtual Sex with Jana Cova gives you everything you've come to expect from the Virtual Sex with... series.
Note to Digital Playground: It would be nice to see you expand the sex acts a little. A virtual footjob would be a nice touch, as would maybe choosing from a couple different toys.
If you have any questions or comments, please e-mail me .
Other reviews by Astroknight


text:
|GROUP EVENT for: Club Forbidden -06/10/14 - Tasty Tuesday
|Tasty Tuesday [All Events List]
|Club Forbidden on Premises Couples Free b4 10pm!
|Azusa, California
|SLS Liaison:
Club Forbidden
URL: View Group
|Join us for Tasty Tuesday @ Club Forbidden Party & Play from 9pm to 1am.
This event is Open to all donations are as Follows: $25 for Couples $40 Single Males & Single Ladies are always Free!!
All of our events are Byob mixers are provided by our Sexy Bartenders,
lite food & appetizers will be provided should you have any questions please call 323-506-9296
|This event offers a discount to SLS Members
|10 members are attending this event.
|Click Azusa Swingers to find local swingers
|Events listed above are provided for informational purposes only. By accepting any discounts you agree that your attendance at the listed event is both voluntary and at your own risk. You understand and agree that neither Swinglifestyle.com/DashBoardHosting, nor its owners, directors and affiliates (collectively, "SwingLifestyle") control the events or the venues at which the events take place, and you hereby expressly release Swinglifestyle from any and all claims arising from, or in any way connected to, the foregoing. This agreement merges and supercedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and/or representations between the parties relating to the listed events. This agreement shall be construed, governed, interpreted and applied in accordance with the laws of the State of Florida, and the parties consent to the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts of Florida for any and all issues arising out of, or related to, the terms of this agreement or your attendance at the listed events.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Here you'll find tales of my domestic adventures and my mostly free knitting and quilting patterns. My most popular patterns include monster baby booties, ski hat with ear flaps, Lotus baby blanket, and men's cable hat.
My Christmas Present for Everyone
Published by Shana | Filed under Knitting
Are you on my Christmas list? You're getting this:
And probably in olive green. And you will have to like it, because it was made with love. Ho, ho, ho.
December 7th, 2008
2 Responses to "My Christmas Present for Everyone"
Anonymous Says:
December 16th, 2008 at 2:34 pm
This is very pretty I wish I were so talented as to be able to make something like this, we have two used sofas one in very bad repair something like this would really make it look nice, but I would want a brown or burdgendy so it would match everything else or even the white like pictured here, I don't really like green.
anyway if you made this you did a very did job, if you didn't then whoever did make this did a very good job in my opinion anyway,VA:F [1.9.22_1171]
Anonymous Says:
January 28th, 2009 at 11:54 pm
Dude. That's….just….wow.VA:F [1.9.22_1171]


text:
Advice & Opinions Needed for New Company
View Single Post
LawnSite Fanatic
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: Grand Rapids MI
Posts: 10,747
Don't call other companies, have you neighbor or mother get an estimate from a couple of companies. Also ask your sales leads what did they pay last year.
Vinyl decals are inexpensive. Remember your truck is a traveling billboard (and you don't have to rent the bill board). Take full advantage of it and get signs that are really big. Ask the sign shop about what is best and ask to see some of their work photos for ideas. Signs on the glass are also nice. Tailgate, too. Magnetics are OK--their main advantage is you can take them off when parked in front or a bar. Also magnetic signs are easy to change for the season or special deals or big sales. My magnetic parts of the lettering say "Just say no to" and then depending on the season.."Crabgrass" "Weeds" or " Grubs". Click my name to see my pictures. You could say something about moles, fungus control, seeding, fall cleanup (in fall), Free lawn analysis, first app free, Mother's lawn half price for Mother's Day.
Brochures passed by hand are probably the best marketing method--its tough exhausting work. First week of April is best. Knock on doors if you can. Remember it costs about $80 in advertising to get one sales lead.
View Public Profile
Find all posts by RigglePLC
Page generated in
seconds with


text:
- Description
- Reviews
- Q and A
- Related Products
These scrapbook refill pages are for the Pioneer FTM-15 E-Z Load Memory Book and also fit most 2 hole post, 3-ring or strap style scrapbooks including Webway, Creative Memories and others.
See also:
Same refills with black inserts
Other size memory book refills with white inserts
- Includes 5 top-loading 70 micron (.07 mm) polypropylene sheet protectors and 5 heavy weight white acid free paper inserts
- Includes 2 post extenders that screw onto Memory Book to allow for new pages
- 3 holes spaced 5-3/4" apart (2 outer holes are key shaped)
- Sheet protector size: 12.25"W x 14.5"H
- Overall paper dimensions: 11-125"W x 14.3125"H
- Archival, photo safe - acid, lignin and PVC-free, pH neutral
See also:
Same refills with black inserts
Other size memory book refills with white inserts
Write a review
Jul 18, 2015 | By Robert Lade
Fast, efficient and business like.
Was this review helpful?
Mar 9, 2015 | By Robert Nelson
Not many options for 11 x 14 photos, but this worked very well.
Was this review helpful?
Simply the best!
Jan 16, 2015 | By Charlie
The 12X15 scrapbook pages are the bst in the industry! I buy them in bulk as I have so many projects I want to preserve and photos to keep from family gatherings and trips! Much better than old scrapbook pages from the 70's!
Was this review helpful?
12x15 Refill pages
Nov 19, 2014 | By Mary Beth Wold
Perfect for what I needed the refill pages for.
Was this review helpful?
Excellent refill pages
Apr 30, 2014 | By A. Z. Szikszay, Jr.
Refills are of excellent quality, easy and quick to replace in album. Dealer in my local area carried the albums but did not have refill pages. Service was quick and excellent and items arrived 4 days earlier than due date. Good work
Was this review helpful?
Customers Also Bought
Lineco Photo Mounting Tabs (1/2 inch)Price
Pioneer TRB-114 3-Ring BinderPrice
Pioneer SJ-100 Jumbo 11x14 Scrapbook AlbumPrice


text:
European Debt Crisis Entering Endgame, Nordvig Says: Tom Keene
Europe's debt crisis is entering its endgame, according to Nomura Holdings Inc.'s Jens Nordvig, who expects a tighter fiscal union and steps by the European Central Bank to reduce borrowing costs.
"We're now heading into a very final phase of this crisis where we are at a crossroad, where we either have to have a proper backstop or we're going to face a breakup," Nordvig, managing director for currency research in New York, said in a Bloomberg Television interview on "Surveillance Midday" with Tom Keene. "The most likely scenario is one where the ECB provides a backstop in the next couple of months."
The 17-nation euro will likely decline to $1.30 by the end of the year and will fall to $1.15 in the first three months of 2012 if Europe's central bank "remains reluctant to step in," according to Nordvig.
The euro was little changed at $1.3323 at 2:13 p.m. New York time, after earlier touching $1.3442, the highest level since Nov. 23. It appreciated 0.6 percent yesterday.
The yield on 10-year Swedish government debt fell to a euro-era record 64 basis points below that of the 10-year German bund on Nov. 25, compared with 31 basis points more than German debt at the end of 2010.
"That really signals that we're entering a phase that we can call the endgame," Nordvig, 37, said. "Core euro-zone counties including Germany are starting to see their bond markets underperform, and that is really a function of the mistrust in the whole currency union overall."
Italy was again forced to pay above the 7 percent threshold that led Greece, Portugal and Ireland to seek bailouts when it sold 7.5 billion euros ($10.1 billion) in bonds. The amount was short of the top range of 8 billion euros for the sale.
"We need to have some mechanism that brings yields back to a sustainable level," Nordvig said. "Otherwise we're going to have defaults."


text:
SPECTRO Analytical Instruments offers a flexible XRF spectrometer dubbed SPECTRO XEPOS, which is specifically designed for challenging applications. Features like intelligent software modules, optimal excitation utilizing polarization and secondary targets, and an autosampler for up to 12 items, make the SPECTRO XEPOS a highly versatile element analyzer. The tool provides high precision and sensitivity for the complete element range from Na to U.
The instrument comes with pre-installed application packages, which are a combination of analytical and hardware techniques.
Key Features
The product features of the Spectro Xepos XRF spectrometer are:
The applications of the Spectro Xepos XRF spectrometer are:
AZoNano.com provides this information service in accordance
with these terms and conditions.


text:
- Discover
- About
- City
- Places
& Spaces
- Ac-cent Seniors Mandurah
- Beaches, Parks & Reserves
- Billy Dower Youth Centre
- Boating & Waterways
- Contemporary Art Spaces Mandurah
- Halls, Courts & Sporting Grounds
- Libraries
- Mandurah Recreation Centres
- Alcoa Mandurah Art Gallery
- Mandurah Ocean Marina
- Mandurah Performing Arts Centre
- Mandurah Visitor Centre
- Museum
- Tracks & Trails
- War Memorial
- News
& Events
- Doing
- Environment
- Careers
Places & Spaces
Online childrens resources and encyclopedia, education tools and interactive books!
Kids and Youth
Mandurah Libraries offers a great range of books, movies, music, activities, learning resources and events for children and teenagers.
Come join us at our weekly Rhymetime and Storytime sessions where you can dance, sing, listen to stories and do craft. We also offer school holiday activities which inlcude craft and art based workshops, exciting learning programs for kids of all ages and our new Lego Club on Saturdays and craft activities on Sundays.
Not a library member?
Library membership is free but you must bring along a parent or guardian when you enrol if you are under the age of 18. Your membership allows you to borrow books, magazines, movies and music, use computers or the wireless network.


text:
- Filed Under
1 killed, 1 injured in West Memphis shooting
WEST MEMPHIS (AP) - Authorities are investigating a double shooting in West Memphis that left one man dead and another injured.
Police say the shooting happened at about 10 a.m. Sunday outside of an apartment complex. Little Rock television station KATV reports that police found two people suffering from gunshot wounds when officers responded to a call of shots being fired.
Police say 21-year-old Demyrion Miller was shot to death. A second man, 20-year-old Phillip Jones, is in critical condition.
Police are searching for a 21-year-old suspect in connection with the shootings. Anyone with information is asked to call West Memphis police.
Customer wounded in LR bank robbery
LITTLE ROCK (AP) - Police in Little Rock say a customer was shot and wounded during a bank robbery and two suspects are at large.
An Arvest bank branch on busy Chenal Parkway on the city's west side was robbed at about 1:30 p.m. Monday.
Little Rock television stations KATV and KHBS report that one person was shot by the robber, who fled to a car parked at a gas station close by. Police say a bystander shot at the suspect.
The suspects' vehicle was found at a nearby apartment complex but the suspects remained at large.
Little Rock television station KTHV reported that a Carino's restaurant, also on the city's west side, was robbed by two men armed with a shotgun and a pistol Monday morning.
600K visitors later, Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art is 1 year old
LITTLE ROCK (AP) - Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art is now a year old and its presence has brought thousands of visitors to Bentonville and helped change the popular perception of the city.
Crystal Bridges marked its first year on Sunday, having opened in 2011 after years of planning and construction, funded by Wal-Mart Stores Inc. heiress Alice Walton.
More than 600,000 people have visited Crystal Bridges, which makes its home in a northwest Arkansas city of about 36,000 people.
Tourism officials say local tax collections are up more than 10 percent and they expect the museum to sustain its popularity, thanks to changing exhibits that will continue to attract visitors. Some tourists are including the Clinton Library in Little Rock and Crystal Bridges as part of a trip through the state.
Arkansas House eyes possible tie in speaker's race
LITTLE ROCK (AP) - After a campaign season that focused on which party would win Arkansas' House, Democrats and Republicans in that chamber are now grappling with new question: What happens if neither side is in control?
Republicans claimed a majority in the state House last week for the first time since Reconstruction after winning 51 of the 100 seats in Tuesday's election. But a recount in a northeast Arkansas House race that Republicans won could deny the GOP an outright majority.
It's a scenario legislative leaders are preparing for as the House nears a Thursday vote on whether to replace Democrat Rep. Darrin Williams as next year's speaker. House leaders are studying what happens if no one wins a majority in the speaker's race.
'Laugh in Peace' comedy show moved to Robinson
LITTLE ROCK (AP) - The Laugh in Peace comedy performance in Little Rock has been moved from the Clinton School of Public Service to the Robinson Center downtown.
The Clinton School said the Monday night performance was moved because of intense demand for seats.
The Laugh in Peace Comedy Tour stars a rabbi, a Muslim comic and a Christian clergywoman. Its purpose is to interfaith action, multiculturalism and peace through the appeal of laughter.
Doors at the Travis Exhibition Hall at the Robinson Center open at 5:30 p.m., with the performance to start at 6 p.m. Admission is free.
Mo. governor, barge industry urge action
ST. LOUIS (AP) - Missouri Gov. Jay Nixon and the barge industry are imploring the federal government to keep water flowing on the Missouri and Mississippi rivers or face potential "economic disaster."
The drought has left many waterways at historic lows. Nixon sent a letter Friday urging the Army Corps of Engineers to rethink plans to reduce the amount of water released from the Missouri's upstream reservoir. That would also reduce flow on the Mississippi below St. Louis.
Nixon says the move could create an "economic disaster." Meanwhile, the American Waterways Operators and Waterways Council last week urged Congress and President Barack Obama to act to keep the water flowing.
The Corps said last week that the reduction is the first of several drought conservation measures necessary if drought conditions continue into 2013.
Hendrix College to name stadium for war dead
CONWAY (AP) - Hendrix College in Conway has announced plans to name its new sports stadium in honor of three alumni killed in war.
The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette reports that the stadium will be named Young-Wise Stadium when it opens in September.
It's being named in honor of 1915 Hendrix graduate Robert Young of Okolona and brothers Jeremy and Benjamin Wise of El Dorado. Jeremy Wise graduated from Hendrix in 1998 and Benjamin Wise in 1999.
Young was killed in 1918 in France during World War I. Jeremy Wise was killed in Afghanistan in 2009 and Benjamin Wise died in Afghanistan in January.
Hendrix officials are working to raise an estimated $8 million needed for the 1,500-seat stadium that will be home to football, lacrosse, track and field and intramurals.
Pine Bluff considers surveillance-system ordinance
PINE BLUFF (AP) - The shooting death of a clerk has prompted leaders in Pine Bluff to discuss a proposal that would require convenience stores and restaurants to install and maintain surveillance cameras.
Authorities say a security-camera system malfunctioned at Big Red Food Mart on Sept. 25 when clerk Mohammad Islam was shot to death. No one has been arrested in his death.
Pine Bluff Alderman George Stepps says he's proposing an ordinance that would require surveillance cameras in convenience stores and restaurants. The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette reports that a meeting is set for 10 a.m. Tuesday involving the city's public safety and development and planning committees.
Stepps says the exact details of the ordinance are still being fleshed out.
A spokesman for the Pine Bluff Police Department says the department supports the proposal.
Forecasters predict season's first freeze in Ark.
LITTLE ROCK (AP) - Forecasters are predicting the first freeze of the season in much of central and southeast Arkansas late Monday night into Tuesday.
The National Weather Service issued a freeze warning that's effective until 8 a.m. Tuesday.
Forecasters say freezing temperatures are expected overnight, thanks to the combination of cold high pressure, calm winds and a clear sky. Temperatures are expected to dip below freezing after midnight Tuesday.
The freeze warning is in place for Conway south to Monticello, including the cities of Hot Springs, Little Rock and Pine Bluff.
A separate freeze warning is in effect for Crawford, Franklin and Sebastian counties in western Arkansas. Forecasters say temperatures could drop to the upper 20s overnight.


text:
December 1, 2015
The Washington County Sheriff's Office is looking for Joshua Carpenter.
Carpenter's wanted on felony and misdemeanor warrants for failure to appear.
A grand jury indicted him in April 2012 after he was accused of using an advertisement on Craigslist to sell sexual favors and Vicodin pills.
If you know where Carpenter is, call the Washington County Sheriff's Office at 740-376-7070, extension zero.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text:
Latest news, analysis and links on UW football, basketball and other sports
Unranked UW will try to pull rank on No. 11 Buckeyes
Madison – When Wisconsin faces No. 11 Ohio State (15-4, 5-2 Big Ten) on Tuesday night in Columbus, it will mark the Badgers' seventh game this season against a ranked team.
Unranked UW (14-6, 5-2) is 3-3 against ranked teams, including 3-1 in Big Ten games.
The Badgers lost at then-No. 10 Florida, 74-56; lost to then-No. 14 Creighton, 84-74; defeated then-No. 12 Illinois, 74-51; defeated then-No. 2 Indiana, 64-59; lost to then-No. 13 Michigan State, 49-47; and defeated then-No. 12 Minnesota, 45-44.
Of those teams, only Illinois (15-6, 2-5) has dropped out of the rankings.
The combined record of the other five teams still ranked: 84-16.
Comments »
Read and share your thoughts on this story.


text:
As the search for a missing North Conway girl continues, up to 50 local, state and federal authorities and volunteers are combing the areas around the route she walked from school to home before vanishing earlier this week.
Photo timeline: Tearful plea for missing teen
Published On: Dec 24 2013 10:58:20 AM EST Updated On: Oct 13 2013 08:32:04 AM EDT
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
Press Release Distribution
Filter NewsShow All Results
News By Country
News By TagBiodegradable Packaging
biodegradable packaging Press Releases+ XML/RSS
Wholesale Packaging and Retail Party Supplies Purchases Possible From One Website For The First Time
By W.F. Denny
The new W.F. Denny Website www.wfdenny.co.uk allows visitors to make online purchases of both packaging supplies and retail party supplies all in one visit.
By WF Denny
In this Party Season business customers and members of the public can now get all their partyware, packaging and catering disposable supplies from one online source, all in one visit.
By CRC Press
An in-depth exploration of the field, Food Packaging: Principles and Practice includes all-new worked examples and reflects the latest research and future hot topics.
By Simply Me Naturally
Environmental Awareness - A company replaces all glass/plastic product packaging with a biodegradable "Plastic Alternative" known as Polylactic Acid (PLA)
By articulon
Engineers from Fortune 500 companies will now find Geami sustainable products (www.geami.com) in the Material ConneXion archives.
By Aakriti Kaushik
Farnell's innovative biodegradable packaging wins Sustainability Award at the Institute of Engineering and Technology's Innovation Awards Exciting packaging solution receives its fourth best practice award for contribution to sustainability
By Aakriti Kaushik
Exciting new packaging solution receives best practice award for environmental protection and contribution to sustainability
By Geami, Ltd.
Geami, developer of paper packaging materials, has announced the launch of their newly redesigned website featuring online ordering for a Ready-to-use Roll, making their sustainable packaging material more widely accessible to Lite Volume Shippers.
By Randy Green
Biodegradable PILLOW PAK air cushion material is made on-site. Should Biodegradable PILLOW PAK air cushion material end up in a landfill or in soil it will biodegrade in the presence of microorganisms within nine to 60 months.
By FP International: Randy Green
FP International introduces the SPEED FEEDER, industry's fastest inflatable packaging dispenser at 180 LF per minute. The SPEED FEEDER works with the CELL-O® EZ air cushion machine, automatically delivering air cushions into shipping cartons.
By FP International, Shawn Lance
SUPER 8® loosefill and CELL-O® air cushion protective packaging products from FP International conform to high European standards. Sustainable packaging solutions in compliance with EN 13427 for being recyclable, reusable, incinerated...
Page updated every 10 minutes


text:
Does it Matter?
Who Speaks for God?
Love the Sinner, Hate the Sin - Homosexuality
Love the Sinner, Hate the Sin - Homosexuality
The Bible and Homosexuality
What does the Bible say about homosexuality?
The Bible does not discuss homosexuality. Sexual orientations, as we understand
them now, were not understood by the Bible writers. The New Concise
Bible Dictionary says the Bible talks about homosexual conduct, but says
nothing specifically about homosexuality. The second edition of Tyndale's
New Bible Dictionary, a dictionary opposed to same-gender
sexual relationships, notes that even though the Revised Standard Version uses
the "misleading" translation homosexual, the Bible mentions nothing "specifically"
about homosexuality as a "condition." Because the Bible does not discuss sexual
orientations, the Bible cannot be used to condemn homosexuality or bisexuality as
sexual orientations. The debate must focus only on if the Bible condemns
same-gender sexual relationships.
The Bible is the Word of God and outstanding literature. As with all good
literature, one can read passages of the Bible many times and get new insights
with each reading. Understanding the many messages God is giving us in His
word is more of an art than a science. Unlike science, we cannot perform
an experiment with a Bible text and guarantee we will get the right answer,
the right interpretation. Because interpreting the Bible is an art, and not
an exact, precise art, people are urged to accept those who do not agree with
their interpretation of a specific passage from the Bible.
Those to be distrusted
and feared the most are those who take a dogmatic position about the meaning
of Bible texts where the meaning in the Christian community is in dispute.
Beware of those who claim to be speaking for God about these Bible texts.
There are a few references in the Bible to what could be sexual activities
among members of the same sex or the same gender. The same-gender sexual
activities mentioned in some Bible passages may be references to very specific
situations, as opposed to a general pronouncement about homosexuality.
Some of the passages typically used to show gay relationships are wrong
are as follows:
Genesis Chapter 19
Leviticus Chapters 18 and 20
Judges Chapter 19
Romans Chapter 1
1 Corinthians Chapter 6
1 Timothy Chapter 1


text:
The alarm goes off at 4:30 and I might be temped to stay in bed instead of working out but there is my giant furry friend wagging and ready to go. He motivates me to get up and going and we both enjoy the work out.
Most shelters are happy if volunteers come and walk their dogs. If you are inexperienced with dogs they will pick the cutest most patient dog for you to walk with.Not only will you get exercise, but the dog might motivate you to jog part of the way or move at a quicker pace. He will love you for every step the two of you are exercising in the fresh and open nature!
Great exercise for you. Great exercise for your dog. A fabulous bonding time with your dog. Enjoy the outdoors!
Aside from the dog's morning dump, it's good exercise to take your dog on walk of at least half an hour each day, if the weather permits.338


text:
ETSI has given the nod to a new SIM format standard, which will be 40 percent smaller than the existing micro-SIM design. Agreeing to the design in Osaka, Japan, the shape will be 12.3mm by 8.8mm and will measure the same thickness as existing SIMs at 0.67mm thick. The design promises to work with existing hardware and appears to fly closer to Apple's suggested size, following plenty of crossed words between manufacturers over the next iteration of the card.
Update: Nokia has since put out a statement saying it will honor ETSI's decision and license out the needed patents on fair terms after the standards group made sure the vote was fair. We detect more than a small number of sour grapes from Espoo over having its own design rejected, though: it still sees Apple's nano-SIM as "technically inferior" and thinks the existing micro-SIM will still be the "preferred option." We can think of a couple of reasons why Nokia might not be so keen to switch.
[Thanks Prodan]
Jon Fingas contributed to this report.
Follow the Saga
Apple's nano-SIM Design
New smaller SIM format gets standardized, shrinks 40 percent (update: Nokia gives bitter OK)
Jun 1st 2012 7:38AM
RIM and Motorola modify nano-SIM proposal, hope to meet Apple halfway
May 18th 2012 12:13AM
Apple mods nano-SIM design, awaits Nokia's tiny rebuttal
May 8th 2012 10:55PM


text:
Seeing the big picture. An introduction to the pasteboard, workspace, tool palettes, layers, pages, master pages, styles, and an orientation on color gamuts, basic typography, form and the grid layout.
Getting on the grid. You'll build a complete document from start to finish. We'll focus on grid page layout, typographic setting, illustration, working with images, strokes, links and glyphs.
We got style! Utilize the full power of typographic, paragraph and image styles in multi-page document creation. We'll cover master pages, text automation, and other time saving techniques.
Taking it to the streets. Introduction to pre-press, pre-flighting, separation, packaging and output issues. We'll review the most important principles and the number one secret to great layouts.
LCSC Workforce Training
North Lewiston Training Center - 1920 3rd Avenue North - Lewiston, Idaho 83501
Phone: 208-792-2388 Toll Free: 800-879-0452 Fax: 208-792-2680


text:
Radar Trailers
The Watertown Police Department has two Radar trailers. These units are designed to make drivers aware of the rate of speed in which they are traveling and also to assist officers in enforcing speed limits. The trailers are moved throughout the town upon request. In order to request a speed trailer in your neighborhood you simply need to e-mail or call Sgt. David Sampson at the Watertown Police Department (617) 972-6547 or dsampson{@}police.watertown-ma.gov and your request will be processed.


text:
November 28, 2015
Canfest organizers announced today the the 5th annual event will be moving from its traditional fall date, to a summer one.
This years event will be held on August 24th, and it will once again be the world's largest can beer festival.
In addition to moving dates, organizers are relocating from the Downtown Events Center to the Peppermill.
The presenting brewing partner will be Mammoth Brewing Company, but offerings from breweries around the country will once again be available for tasting.
Canfest also returns its Non-profit partner the Reno Bike Project.
For more information you can like their facebook or visit their website at www.canfest.com
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text:
Eat to Evolve
When you look back on your life, you can see evolution happening. You can see how your ideas about what's important have changed since you were in eighth grade. You may remember when it really did seem like a Coke and a Snickers bar would make you feel better.
You can perhaps recount how your ideas have evolved about politics since you met that person, or how your tastes in music have evolved since you attended that concert.
There is a kind of motion in maturing.
You can even know in your bones the value of some of the negative experiences you have had. You can see how they were formative, how they closed you down or how they cracked you open. You may even decide that you wouldn't trade them, even if you could.
We are formed by our environment and our experiences. We respond to the stimulus that comes at us.
It's natural to close down to protect yourself after an insult to your body or your spirit. We might not even notice the closure.
At some point, however, your body might highlight the stuckness that exists by communicating pain. Long term closure results in an energetic stuckness that may eventually result in some form of illness.
Sometimes we NEED that stuckness. We cultivate it. We genuinely can't handle the rawness and so we regulate the pace of our evolution by our lifestyle choices.
We might stay inside our comfort zone, solidify our routines till we are on "automatic pilot" and choose food that numbs us in order to achieve a feeling of safety. But…
"Security is mostly a superstition. Its does not exist in nature, nor do the children of men as a whole experience it. Avoiding danger is no safer in the long run than outright exposure. Life is either a daring adventure or nothing. To keep our faces toward change and behave like free spirits in the presence of fate is strength undefeatable."
~ Helen Keller
Living as though life is a daring adventure means eating food that doesn't make you numb.
Processed food is designed to make you high. It's designed to be addictive and delicious. It's designed to maximize shelf life and profit.
The food that makes you open up to your full potential isn't designed by anyone. It doesn't have a marketing budget and it doesn't have eye-catching health claims on the front label.
That kind of food is vital, nutrient-dense and recognizable to your ancestors. It replenishes your life force, dissolves your stuckness and allows you to wake up to the raw, tender and daring experience of the present moment.
It cleans out your liver as you eat it, strengthens your intestinal flora, heals your skin and eliminates your cravings. After eating it for a few months, you sleep hard, wake up hungry and have daily bowel movements.
Soon you are using your clear eyes to look back on your life. You feel like you are at the top of a mountain looking at the wide horizon. You wonder how many moments of numbness make up a whole life?
Of course, there are still moments when you would prefer not to be awake to the present moment. There are moments when you would like to take refuge in the numbness of something sweet or alcoholic to delay the experience of your suffering.
But once you have experienced the panoramic view from the top of your life, you can then choose whether or not to let numbness and stuckness define your future.
You have to experience the clarity in order to have the choice. And believe it or not, you are about a week away from that clarity at any one time, no matter how polluted your diet was yesterday. It's not THAT hard to find it.
Like anything, clarity is temporary. It fades. But it's a game changer in that you cycle back to it over and over, because you remember it. It becomes your baseline.
Doing a cleanse has a transformative effect on your life, like any experience of living life as a daring adventure. If you've ever been skydiving or gone on a flying trapeze or taken a motorcycle tour around Japan, you may think "If I can do that, I can do anything."
The comfort zone of food can be VERY compelling. You're not alone if you don't want to leave it.
But if you do leave it, if you take that adventure, it nourishes not just your body, but your evolution as a human being.
The planet is yearning for that: human evolution. The farmer's markets, CSAs and your front garden are all conspiring to nourish you right into a new era.
Holly Noonan writes about self-nourishment and food empowerment every month in her Mind Body Nutrition Newsletter.
Filed under: 1


text:
Few studies have supported an association between breast cancer and DDT, usually assessed with biomarkers that cannot discern timing of exposure, or differentiate between the accumulation of chronic low-dose versus acute high-dose exposures in the past. Previous studies suggest that an association may be evident only among women exposed to DDT during biologically susceptible windows, or among those diagnosed with estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor-positive (ER+PR+) breast cancer subtypes. Self-reported acute exposure to a fogger truck, which sprayed DDT prior to 1972, was hypothesized to increase the risk of breast cancer, particularly among women exposed at a young age or diagnosed with ER+PR+ breast cancer.
We examined these possibilities in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP) (1,508 cases, 1,556 controls), which included exposure assessment by structured questionnaire and serum samples collected between 1996–1998, using adjusted logistic and polytomous regression to estimate ORs and 95% CIs.
Women with ER+PR+ breast cancer had a 44% increased odds of ever seeing a pre-1972 fogger truck compared to other subtypes (OR = 1.44; 95% CI 1.08-1.93). However, there was little variation in the observed increase in breast cancer risk when considering all women who reported seeing a pre-1972 fogger truck at their residence (OR = 1.16; 95% CI 0.98, 1.37), or during hypothesized susceptible windows. Self-reported acute exposure was not correlated with serum concentrations, a biomarker of long-term exposure.
These findings support the hypothesis that seeing a fogger truck, a proxy measure for acute DDT exposure, may be associated with ER+PR+ tumors, the most commonly diagnosed breast cancer subtype among American women.
Keywords:Organochlorines; Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT); 1,2,-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE); Pesticides; Cancer; Breast
Breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosis among women in the United States (U.S.) [1]. There is substantial evidence that the etiology of breast cancer may differ by receptor-defined subtypes [2]. The most commonly diagnosed subtypes among American women are luminal A and luminal B tumors [3], which together can be defined as estrogen and progesterone receptor positive (ER+PR+) tumors [4,5], and are often associated with estrogen-related risk factors such as early age at menarche and nulliparity [6-8].
There has long been suspicion of a relationship between the persistent organochlorine pesticide p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) and breast cancer, although results have been inconsistent [9]. By 1945, p,p'-DDT and its most prominent metabolite, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), were widespread in the U.S. [10]. Fogger trucks sprayed DDT, the commercial product, on Long Island (Figure 1), and elsewhere across the nation, for the control of gypsy moths and mosquitoes until use greatly declined after being banned in 1972 (see timeline, Figure 2) [10]. p,p'-DDT exposure has been inconsistently linked to breast cancer despite having both estrogenic and carcinogenic properties [11,12]. Acute, high dose exposure to commercial DDT (which contains the more strongly estrogenic compounds o'p-DDT and p'p-DDT) has been shown to increase mammary cell proliferation in animal models [13,14] whereas chronic low-dose exposure through the diet is more predominately composed of the metabolite p,p'-DDE, which has little to no estrogenic effect [14]. DDT is still utilized to combat malaria, and more evidence regarding its role in possible health outcomes could either expand its use for vector control or encourage the use of other pesticides [15].
Figure 1. Fogger truck sprays Jones Beach in New York with DDT, 1945 (source: Corbis Images).
Figure 2. Timeline of DDT use in the United States and birth cohorts of LIBCSP participants, LIBCSP, 1996–1997.
Early studies suggested that p,p'-DDE concentrations were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer [14,16]. However, most studies have supported little if any association [17-23]. Few studies have measured concentrations during developmental periods [24], which could represent a biologically plausible window of exposure for breast cancer risk [25,26], or among breast cancer subtypes. Instead, previous investigations often relied on biomarker assessments of p,p'-DDT metabolites. Positive correlations are observed with age and are likely due to the relatively long half-lives (more than 4 years for p,p'-DDT [27] and 10 years for p,p'-DDE [28]). Whether measured in fat or blood specimens, these biomarkers are therefore more likely to reflect cumulative, lifetime exposure. Thus, exposures during specific time periods, or acute versus chronic exposures, are not readily discernible, especially when these long-term biomarkers are assessed in blood samples collected long after the critical exposure of interest. Between 2000 and 2001, Cohn and colleagues [24] measured p,p'-DDT concentrations in serum samples collected beginning in 1959, the year of peak DDT use, and ending in 1967, when DDT was still in use. Among women who were younger than 14 in 1945, those with blood concentrations in the highest tertile were five times more likely to develop breast cancer compared to the lowest tertile. This is consistent with the hypothesis that breast cancer risk can be affected by events early in life [29], and there is interest at a national level regarding exposures that occur during adolescence and subsequent breast cancer risk [25].
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported exposure to a fogger truck at a residence prior to the ban of DDT, as a proxy measure of an acute high dose exposure, and breast cancer incidence, particularly among women diagnosed with ER+PR+ tumors. In addition, the association between adolescent exposure to fogger trucks during two demonstrated developmentally sensitive time periods, defined as ≤20 years (consistent with John and Kelsey, 1993 [30]) and less ≤14 years (consistent with Cohn et al., 2007 [24]), and breast cancer risk was determined. Further, the relationship between fogger truck exposure and breast cancer risk was assessed by birth cohort.
Data for this case–control investigation were drawn from the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP), which is described in detail in Gammon et al.[31] Briefly, LIBCSP is a population-based study of breast cancer focusing on female residents in Nassau and Suffolk counties in Long Island, New York. IRB approval was obtained from all participating institutions.
Study population
All participants were residents of Nassau or Suffolk counties at the time of diagnosis and spoke English. Cases were women newly diagnosed with a first primary in situ or invasive breast cancer between August 1st, 1996 and July 31st, 1997, confirmed by a physician or the medical record. Cases were ascertained by contacting pathology departments of all 28 hospitals on Long Island and three tertiary care hospitals in New York City.
Controls were randomly selected women who had no history of breast cancer and were frequency matched to cases based on the expected age distribution of case women by 5-year age groups. Potential controls were identified by random digit dialing for those less than 65 years of age and by Health Care Finance Administration rosters for those 65 years and older.
Written signed informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to interview. A total of 1,508 cases and 1,556 controls (82.1% and 62.7%, respectively, of all eligible subjects) completed the interview process. Participants were women aged from 20 to 98 years, and most likely to be postmenopausal (67%); in addition, the overwhelming majority of women self-identified as white (93%), rather than as black (5%), which is consistent with the racial distribution of these two counties at the time of data collection [31].
Cases (97.7%) signed a medical record release form for the abstraction of clinical characteristics of breast cancer diagnosis and final study eligibility determination. For 95.2% of cases, medical records were successfully located and abstracted.
Assessment of fogger truck exposure
Exposure to fogger trucks was assessed by questionnaire. The LIBCSP case–control interview occurred in the respondents' homes and, for cases, within several months of the diagnosis of the first primary breast cancer. All participants were administered the main case–control questionnaire by uniformly trained interviewers. The main questionnaire included a comprehensive assessment of known and suspected risk factors for breast cancer, including a section on environmental exposures. This section included a question asking whether a fogger truck was seen at a participant's residence and if yes the ages or the dates at which they began and ceased living at the residence. Study participants were able to list 2 residences where they witnessed a fogger truck. Any other exposures to fogger trucks at non-residences would not be included in this question. Participants were also asked whether they chased a fogger truck during childhood or adolescence; however, due to low levels of a positive response that question was not included in this analysis.
To maximize information regarding windows of exposure, we utilized a birth cohort approach (see Figure 2). Specifically, the relationship between fogger truck exposure and breast cancer risk was assessed across 4 birth cohorts (<1925, 1925–1945, 1946–1972, >1972). Exposure at ≤20 years of age was defined as the hypothesized susceptible period, a time that encompasses both puberty and time before first birth for 90% of the LIBCSP population. The first (<1925) and last (>1972) birth cohorts would not have been exposed to DDT when ≤20 years of age. The birth cohort born between 1925 and 1945 would have been ≤20 years of age at the time of the introduction of DDT in 1945 [10] and those born in 1946–1972 would have been ≤20 years of age when DDT exposure was ubiquitous.
Other covariate assessment
Other LIBCSP data used for the current study include information collected as part of the in-person interview, from serum, or case medical record abstraction, as described below.
Responses to other sections of the main questionnaire, including reproductive and menstrual histories, life course body size, family history of breast cancer and race, were used when considering potential confounders and/or effect modifiers. Distributions of known risk factors among the study population have been described in full in Gammon et al.[31]. Serum were used to assess serum p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE concentrations. Certified phlebotomists or nurses obtained blood samples from 73.1% and 73.3% of cases and controls, respectively. Blood samples were randomly selected from participants who donated blood between 1996 and 1998, with a blood volume of greater than 1.5 ml, from all African-Americans and from all cases with in situ breast cancer [17]. The Brock et al.[32] method was used to determine serum concentrations of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT. Limits of detection were about 0.2 ng/ ml for both p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE. p,p'-DDE serum concentrations were attained for 643 cases and 427 controls and p,p'-DDT serum concentrations were attained for 633 cases and 418 controls [17].
Medical records of the cases were abstracted for 1,402 women to obtain data on hormone receptor status of the first primary breast cancer [17]. These data were used to classify cases by breast cancer subtypes. Information on hormone receptor status was available from the medical record for 990 cases (65.6%). As previously reported [17], among the LIBCSP breast cancer cases, the first primary tumor was ER+PR+ for 583 cases (58.9%), ER-PR- for 212 (21.4%), ER-PR+ for 52 (5.3%), and ER+PR- for 143 (14.4%).
Statistical methods
Descriptive statistics were determined for covariates, stratified by birth cohort and case status. Unconditional logistic regression [33] was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between breast cancer and reporting a fogger truck at a residence. The exposure was further stratified by whether the woman reported seeing a fogger truck ≤1972; if a woman reported seeing a fogger truck in both time periods, she was categorized in the ≤1972 group. Less than 10% of cases (n = 122) and controls (n = 124) reported seeing a fogger truck after the ban on DDT. Further analyses were restricted to those women who reported seeing a fogger truck ≤1972 and those who never reported seeing a fogger truck (n =1365 cases and 1406 controls); estimates for the total LIBCSP population are also shown. There were women missing information on which residence they saw a fogger truck (n = 26 controls and n = 21 cases) and 4 women without sufficient information on ages of exposure to be classified who are not included in the sub analyses. To explore for possible age periods of increased susceptibility, two windows were considered: ≤14 and ≤20 years of age. In doing so, the exposed group was restricted to those women who reported seeing a fogger truck at the residence they began living ≤14 and ≤20 years of age, respectively. The association between the number of residences a participant reported seeing a fogger truck (defined as 0, 1 and 2) and breast cancer risk was determined. Disjoint categories of age were also investigated (≤14, 15–20, >20 years of age).
All statistical models were adjusted for the frequency matching factor, 5-year age group. Other potential confounders were identified (through a thorough review of the relevant literature and the use and analysis of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) [34]), and include: change in weight from age 20 to diagnosis (lost, stable, gained), menopausal status (pre, post), breastfeeding history (ever, never), family history of breast cancer in mother, sister or daughter (yes, no) and race (white, black, other). Confounding was evaluated by these covariates using backward selection from the full model identified by our causal diagram with a 10% change in estimate criterion. None of the covariates changed the estimate more than 10%, and thus only age group was included in the final models.
Polytomous logistic regression [35] was used to estimate the ratio of the ORs and 95% CI for associations between ever seeing a fogger truck at a residence when comparing ORs for breast cancer subtypes, as defined by combined ER/PR status (ER+PR+ vs. all other subtypes, and ER-PR- vs. all other subtypes). The associations between seeing a fogger truck during possibly susceptible periods, ≤14 years of age and ≤20 years of age, and breast cancer subtypes was also investigated.
Effect measure modification on a multiplicative scale was assessed by comparing the multivariable models with and without cross-product terms of the exposure and weight change [35]. To determine modification by weight gain, participants were stratified by whether they lost weight, maintained their weight within 3% in lbs [36], or gained weight from age twenty to age at reference (which was the date of the first primary breast cancer diagnosis for cases and the date of study identification for controls). Other cutpoints were considered, including a 10 kg change in weight (data not shown); the cutpoints used here were believed to best represent the data. Weight gain as a dichotomous variable (with stable weight plus weight loss as the referent) was also considered as a possible effect modifier, but no significant interaction was noted (data not shown). Effect measure modification was also evaluated for breastfeeding status (ever, never) and menopausal status (pre, post).
The analysis was further stratified by birth cohort, based on important years in the history of DDT use [10]. The association between seeing a fogger truck at a residence and breast cancer within each birth cohort was evaluated (<1925, 1925–1945, 1946–1972, >1972).
To assess correlation with serum concentrations and self-report of a fogger truck at a residence, a kappa statistic [37] was calculated with lipid-adjusted p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE concentrations were dichotomized at the median. Linear regression was also employed to test whether self-report of a fogger truck predicted log-transformed p,p'-DDT or p,p'-DDE concentrations or the p,p'-DDT/ p,p'-DDE ratio in the serum with adjustment for lipid concentrations [38], 5-year age groups, triglycerides, cholesterol, change in weight from age 20 to diagnosis, current BMI, breastfeeding history and race [33]. An interaction between current BMI and change in weight was investigated (data not shown) but was not a strong predictor and did not remain in the models. Positive and zero values of individual organochlorine concentrations below detection limit was set to the lowest positive value for that compound observed in samples.
All analyses were completed using SAS 9.2 (Cary, NC).
The majority of the LIBCSP study population was born in the two birth cohorts that were exposed to DDT at young ages, 1925–1945 and 1946–1972 (Table 1). As would be expected, lactation history and menopausal status vary by birth cohort.
Table 1. Descriptive characteristics by birth cohort, LIBCSP, 1996-1997
In the LIBCSP population, 589 (39.1%) and 558 (35.9%) cases and controls, respectively, reported ever seeing a fogger truck at a personal residence on Long Island. When restricted to those who lived at their residences prior to the DDT ban in 1972, 446 (32.7%) and 408 (29.0%) cases and controls, respectively, reported seeing a fogger truck. As shown in Table 2, ever seeing a fogger truck at a residence was associated with little to no increase in risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.32) in the entire LIBCSP population. When the sample was restricted to the subset of women who lived at their residence ≤1972, seeing a fogger truck at a residence was similarly associated with a little to no increase in risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.37). Reporting seeing a fogger truck ever at a residence >1972 was not associated with breast cancer risk (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.23), with 11.7% (n = 122) and 11.1% (n = 124) of cases and controls, respectively, reporting seeing a fogger truck after the DDT ban. Unless otherwise noted, all of the results presented here will be for those who reported seeing a fogger truck ≤1972.
Table 2. Association between fogger truck and breast cancer, stratified by time period and age at residencea
In subgroup analyses, 11.6% of cases and 11.8% of controls were found to be at or under the age of 20 when living at the residence where they saw the fogger truck. Slightly fewer, 9.9% of cases and 10.9% of controls were living at the residence ≤14 years of age. The associations between fogger truck and breast cancer were not stronger when limiting the exposed to participants who reported seeing a fogger truck at a residence that they lived ≤14 years of age (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.28) and ≤20 years of age (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.37) (Table 2).
There was little to no increase in risk for reporting seeing a fogger truck at 2 residences (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.61) (Table 3). When using disjoint categories for age at residence, there were positive but imprecise associations was for women who were 15–20 at the residence they saw a fogger truck (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 0.98, 3.52). Due to limited sample sizes in these categories, the remaining subgroup analysis focuses on women who were ≤14 and ≤20 years of age at the reported residence.
Table 3. Fogger truck and risk of breast cancer by number of residences and age at residencea
As shown in Table 4, women with ER+PR+ tumors had a significantly increased odds of ever seeing a fogger truck when compared to all other subtypes (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.93) when estimated as the ratio of the odds ratio using polytomous regression. In contrast, women who reported ever seeing a fogger truck did not have increased odds of having ER-PR- breast cancer compared to all other subtypes (OR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.29). When using a case-case analysis, comparing ER+PR+ to all other subtypes the OR was also significant (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.92). A pronounced, although imprecise, relationship with ER+PR+ tumors was observed for those who saw a fogger truck at a residence they lived at ≤20 (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 0.97, 2.32) and ≤14 (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.33) years of age. Breast cancer tumor subtypes were also stratified by birth cohort, although study power was limited (see Additional file 1).
Additional file 1. Breast cancer subtype, stratified by birth cohorts, LIBCSP, 1996-1997.
Format: DOC Size: 29KB Download file
This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Word Viewer
Table 4. Associations between reporting a fogger truck and breast cancer subtypea
The covariate distributions for women with known ER/PR status were very similar to women without known ER/PR status (data not shown). However, the effect estimate for the association for ever seeing a fogger truck and breast cancer was slightly higher among case women with known ER/PR status (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.59) than among all women regardless of ER/PR status (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.37), although with overlapping confidence intervals.
The OR for the association between exposure to a fogger truck and breast cancer was explored for effect measure modification by adult weight change, breastfeeding history and menopausal status at diagnosis as shown in Table 5. Although weight change was not a statistically significant modifier of the relationship between fogger trucks and breast cancer (LRT x2 = 1.86, df = 1, p = 0.2), there was a slightly elevated association between women who gained weight and reported ever seeing a fogger truck at a residence compared to women who had gained weight but did not report seeing a fogger truck (OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.45). Breastfeeding history and menopausal status were not found to be significant modifiers of the relationship between fogger trucks and breast cancer. However, a positive association for reporting a fogger truck and breast cancer risk was observed for postmenopausal women (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.51).
Table 5. Fogger trucks and risk of breast cancer by weight change, breastfeeding and menopausal statusa
Study participants were categorized by their birth cohorts, defined based on important periods of DDT use (Table 6). An increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.52) was observed for women who were born between 1925 and 1945 and who reported seeing a fogger truck compared to women in the same birth cohort who did not see a fogger truck. There was a suggestion of an increased in breast cancer risk for seeing a fogger truck for women born before 1925 (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.89). No increase in risk was observed for women born after 1945.
Table 6. Association between fogger truck and breast cancer risk, stratified by birth cohorta
The kappa statistic between self-report of ever seeing a fogger truck and lipid-adjusted blood serum concentrations of p-p'-DDT (k = −0.062) and p,p'-DDE (k = −0.060) did not indicate any agreement. Additionally, an adjusted linear regression model to predict log transformed p-p'-DDT and p-p'-DDE concentrations from self-report of a fogger truck at a residence did not identify an association (Table 7) (p-p'-DDT, β = −0.0240, SE = 0.0387; p-p'- DDE, β = −0.1002, SE = 0.0569; p-p'-DDT/ p-p'-DDE, β = 1.5783, SE = 4.6883).
Table 7. Prediction of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT / p,p' -DDE ratio serum concentrations by seeing a fogger trucka
This is the first study to consider whether there is an association between reports of seeing a fogger truck and the risk of breast cancer. Among the LIBCSP population as a whole, there is little evidence that ever seeing a fogger truck was associated with an increase in risk of breast cancer, however, effect estimates were stronger among certain biologically susceptible subgroups. The strongest, most robust findings were observed for women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer.
Individuals with ER+PR+ tumors were 44% more likely to have reported ever seeing a fogger truck than were participants with other breast cancer subtypes. When restricted to those who were living at the residence ≤14 and ≤20 years of age, women with ER+PR+ tumors were similarly more likely to report seeing a fogger truck than other subtypes. ER+PR+ tumors, which include Luminal A and Luminal B tumors [5], are driven by estrogen and progesterone levels and most commonly associated with reproductive risk factors [8]. This is consistent with xenoestrogenic activity of commercial DDT [39]. Laboratory studies have found that p-p'-DDT enhances ER+PR+ tumor growth [40,41]. Therefore, it would be expected to observe the strongest effect of DDT exposure among women with this hormonally active subtype. A stronger risk of ER+PR+ tumors was not found in a previous LIBCSP report that focused on p-p'-DDT and p-p'- DDE serum concentrations, but we did not consider self-reported exposure to fogger trucks in that analysis [17]. ER+PR+ are the most common subtype of breast cancer in American women with approximately 70% of tumors classified as ER+PR+ or "hormonally responsive" [42]. The high prevalence of ER+PR+ breast cancer underscores the need to better understand the etiology of these specific tumors in an effort to improve public health risk reduction strategies in the U.S.
When stratifying by birth cohort, we found that seeing a fogger truck was most detrimental among women who were 20 or younger at the time DDT was widely introduced in the U.S in 1945. It is plausible that any effect of seeing a fogger truck after those early years was masked by the ubiquitous exposure to DDT. This result suggests that seeing a fogger truck had the most detrimental effect before exposure became omnipresent. The increased risk observed for postmenopausal women is likely due to the fact that women diagnosed with premenopausal breast cancer in 1996–1997 were less likely to be born in the earlier birth cohorts where an effect of DDT on breast cancer risk was observed.
The proxy measure of a fogger truck used in this study suggests that p,p'-DDT, rather than the metabolite p,p'-DDE, may be the carcinogenic compound; a result that is consistent with laboratory evidence and the Cohn et al., study [12,24]. This finding may also help to explain discrepancies in the previous literature that often relied on DDE measurements or did not investigate the association by tumor subtype.
Although the heterogeneity in the ORs for the associations between seeing a fogger truck and breast cancer by change in weight was not significant, the study power for evaluating the interaction was low because of the small number of LIBCSP participants who maintained or lost weight. The elevated risk of breast cancer among those who gained weight and reported seeing a fogger truck compared to those who did not see a fogger truck at their residence suggests that DDT may have a stronger or more detectable effect when stored in adipose tissue of women who gain and store weight over time.
There was not a large difference in the results when >1972 reports of exposure to fogger trucks were excluded. However, due to the possible use of other pesticides after 1972 by fogger trucks it was important to consider possible exposure misclassification and to better isolate the effects of DDT exposure.
p-p'-DDT and p-p'-DDE serum concentrations, a surrogate measure of long-term exposures, were not correlated with seeing a fogger truck at a residence, a surrogate measure of acute exposures. This result is not unexpected given the long period from exposure to blood collection in this study, and evidence that current organochlorine serum concentrations may be decoupled from exposure levels due to intakes from food sources [43] and differing metabolism and degree of organochlorine storage in individuals [44]. As well, this measure of acute exposure is unlikely to be indicative of total DDT exposure levels as women were likely exposed to commercial DDT by sources outside their residences. This lack of correlation between serum concentrations and the fogger truck measure at least partially explains the discrepancies between the association found here and the previous LIBCSP publication focused on serum concentrations, which did not include the fogger truck exposure [17].
There was no increase in risk observed for reporting a fogger truck at multiple residences. Although the report of seeing a fogger truck may represent a single exposure, it is also possible that spraying occurred repeatedly at the residence which would make it difficult to discern exact exposure levels based on the questionnaire.
There was little evidence of an increased breast cancer risk for seeing a fogger truck with either of the two biologically susceptible windows investigated in this analysis, ≤14 and ≤20 years of age. Although cell sizes were small, slightly stronger estimates were observed among participants who reported seeing a fogger truck at their residence when they were 15–20 years of age.
The LIBCSP has extensive residential history information that allowed for the investigation of exposure during susceptible windows. A strength of this investigation is that the study cohort was alive during DDT use in the U.S., and was exposed at a range of ages. However, despite the relatively large, population-based sample size available, a larger sample would have provided a better opportunity to thoroughly investigate the subgroup analysis of biological windows of susceptibility. Additionally, due to the age of the study population, there were few premenopausal women who were within the hypothesized susceptible windows during the time periods where there was an effect observed for fogger truck exposure. Due to the case–control design of the study, we were not able to completely address age-period-cohort effects that would result in a more definitive case for critical windows of exposure. We were also unable to investigate any impact time spent outdoors or use of local produce that could have contributed to the understanding of this relationship.
Another potential limitation is differential recall bias. Cases who were concerned about their previous exposures to potentially harmful chemicals may have been more likely to report seeing a fogger truck. It is unlikely that this bias would differ by ER/PR status, yet it was when we assessed for potential heterogeneity among these subgroups that one of our strongest findings was observed. Approximately equal proportions of cases and controls reported that they believed that at least one environmental factor could cause breast cancer (69 percent and 68 percent, respectively) [45]; suggesting recall bias was not differential with respect to case–control status. It is difficult to hypothesize at what age seeing a fogger truck could be considered a memorable experience and likely to vary across individuals. Any variation in recall would not be expected to differ by case status and thus would bias estimates towards the null. To the best of our knowledge, the use of any other pesticides in fogger trucks before the DDT ban is unknown and any exposure misclassification resulting from the use of alternative pesticides would attenuate any effect on breast cancer risk, which we assume is attributable to DDT. Alternatively, it is also possible that our results could be due to an unknown chemical or chemicals and not attributable to DDT.
We did not observe significant heterogeneity when investigating breast cancer risk by birth cohort (data not shown) and therefore it is unlikely that truck sightings are proxies for age at diagnosis. From the lack of an increase in risk observed for seeing a truck among the 1946–1972 birth cohort, we can also conclude that seeing a fogger truck was not a proxy for being at a young and potentially susceptible age during DDT use.
Few studies have examined the association between DDT exposure during younger ages and subsequent breast cancer risk, and none have considered acute DDT exposures. Therefore, the study results reported here provide a novel perspective to the ongoing discussion about the relationship between DDT and breast cancer. The stronger association observed with a biologically susceptible subgroup, namely women with ER+PR+ breast cancer, provide support for an association between DDT and breast cancer risk. With the prevalence of DDT increasing with indoor residual spraying programs for malaria vector control outside the U.S. [46], the importance of understanding the health effects of DDT continues.
In this first report that considers acute exposure to DDT, a positive association was observed for spraying fogger trucks and ER+PR+ breast cancer. Given the high incidence of breast cancer, and in particular ER+PR+ tumors [42], this finding suggests that increased risks for tumor subgroups may have significant public health importance in areas where DDT continues to be used. Although the potential association between DDT and breast cancer has been extensively addressed in previous studies, results are inconsistent [9]. The novel approach undertaken here, which focuses on the associations with seeing a fogger truck as a proxy for acute DDT exposure, provides new information regarding the relationship with ER+PR+ breast cancer subtype. Therefore, these findings, based on consideration of exposure timing and breast cancer subtype, may help to guide future investigations on the potential impact and carcinogenic mechanisms of DDT and breast cancer.
ER+PR+: Estrogen receptor/ progesterone receptor-positive; p,p'-DDT: p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; p,p'-DDE: p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; LIBCSP: Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project
Competing interests
The authors declared that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
AW, ST and MG conceived and designed the analysis. AW and MG drafted the manuscript. AW carried out the statistical analysis. MW completed the organochlorine assays. MG was Principal Investigator, AN was co-Principal Investigator, and ST, MW and SS were collaborators on the LIBCSP, and thus were responsible for all data collection (study design and planning, including subject identification, recruitment, interview administration and phlebotomy). All authors contributed to the revisions of the manuscript and read and approved the final manuscript.
Funded in part by the following grants: ES07018, ES10126 and ES019459 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and CA/ES66572 from the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures 2011. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2011.
Yasui Y, Potter JD: The shape of age-incidence curves of female breast cancer by hormone-receptor status.
Cancer Causes Control 1999, 10:431-437. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, Dressler LG, Cowan D, Conway K, Karaca G, Troester MA, Tse CK, Edmiston S, Deming SL, Geradts J, Cheang MC, Nielsen TO, Moorman PG, Earp HS, Millikan RC: Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study.
JAMA 2006, 295:2492-2502. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Ma H, Wang Y, Sullivan-Halley J, Weiss L, Marchbanks PA, Spirtas R, Ursin G, Burkman RT, Simon MS, Malone KE, Strom BL, McDonald JA, Press MF, Bernstein L: Use of four biomarkers to evaluate the risk of breast cancer subtypes in the women's contraceptive and reproductive experiences study.
Cancer Res 2010, 70:575-587. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Muss HB: Coming of age: breast cancer in seniors.
Oncologist 2010, 15(Suppl 5):57-65. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Phipps AI, Malone KE, Porter PL, Daling JR, Li CI: Reproductive and hormonal risk factors for postmenopausal luminal, HER-2-overexpressing, and triple-negative breast cancer.
Cancer 2008, 113:1521-1526. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Yang XR, Chang-Claude J, Goode EL, Yang XR, Chang-Claude J, Goode EL, Couch FJ, Nevanlinna H, Milne RL, Gaudet M, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Cox A, Fasching PA, Hein R, Spurdle AB, Blows F, Driver K, Flesch-Janys D, Heinz J, Sinn P, Vrieling A, Heikkinen T, Aittomaki K, Heikkila P, Blomqvist C, Lissowska J, Peplonska B, Chanock S, Figueroa J: Associations of breast cancer risk factors with tumor subtypes: a pooled analysis from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium studies.
J Natl Cancer Inst 2011, 103:250-263. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Yang XR, Sherman ME, Rimm DL, Lissowska J, Brinton LA, Peplonska B, Hewitt SM, Anderson WF, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Bardin-Mikolajczak A, Zatonski W, Cartun R, Mandich D, Rymkiewicz G, Ligaj M, Lukaszek S, Kordek R, Garcia-Closas M: Differences in risk factors for breast cancer molecular subtypes in a population-based study.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007, 16:439-443. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Lopez-Cervantes M, Torres-Sanchez L, Tobias A, Lopez-Carrillo L: Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane burden and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of the epidemiologic evidence.
Environ Health Perspect 2004, 112:207-214. PubMed Abstract | PubMed Central Full Text
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): DDT, a Review of Scientific and Economic Aspects of the Decision to Ban its Use as a Pesticide. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1975.
Wolff MS, Toniolo PG: Environmental Organochlorine exposure as a potential etiologic factor in breast cancer.
Environ Health Perspect 1995, 103(Suppl 7):141-145. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): DDT and associated compounds. Lyon, France: IARC: Monographs on Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans; 1991.
Brown NM, Lamartiniere CA: Xenoestrogens alter mammary gland differentiation and cell proliferation in the rat.
Environ Health Perspect 1995, 103:708-713. PubMed Abstract | PubMed Central Full Text
Snedeker SM: Pesticides and breast cancer risk: a review of DDT, DDE, and dieldrin.
Environ Health Perspect 2001, 109(Suppl 1):35-47. PubMed Abstract | PubMed Central Full Text
Bouwman H, van den Berg H, Kylin H: DDT and malaria prevention: addressing the paradox.
Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:744-747. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Wolff MS, Toniolo PG, Lee EW, Rivera M, Dubin N: Blood levels of organochlorine residues and risk of breast cancer.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1993, 85:648-652. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Gammon MD, Wolff MS, Neugut AI, Eng SM, Teitelbaum SL, Britton JA, Terry MB, Levin B, Stellman SD, Kabat GC, Hatch M, Senie R, Berkowitz G, Bradlow HL, Garbowski G, Maffeo C, Montalvan P, Kemeny M, Citron M, Schnabel F, Schuss A, Hajdu S, Vinceguerra V, Niguidula N, Ireland K, Santella RM: Environmental toxins and breast cancer on Long Island. II. Organochlorine compound levels in blood.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002, 11:686-697. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Brody JG, Aschengrau A, McKelvey W, Rudel RA, Swartz CH, Kennedy T: Breast cancer risk and historical exposure to pesticides from wide-area applications assessed with GIS.
Environ Health Perspect 2004, 112:889-897. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Charlier C, Foidart JM, Pitance F, Herman P, Gaspard U, Meurisse M, Plomteux G: Environmental dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane or hexachlorobenzene exposure and breast cancer: is there a risk?
Clin Chem Lab Med 2004, 42:222-227. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Rubin CH, Lanier A, Kieszak S, Brock JW, Koller KR, Strosnider H, Needham L, Zahm S, Harpster A: Breast cancer among Alaska Native women potentially exposed to environmental organochlorine chemicals.
Int J Circumpolar Health 2006, 65:18-27. PubMed Abstract
Gatto NM, Longnecker MP, Press MF, Sullivan-Halley J, McKean-Cowdin R, Bernstein L: Serum organochlorines and breast cancer: a case–control study among African-American women.
Cancer Causes Control 2007, 18:29-39. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Sasazuki S, Kurahashi N, Itoh H, Usuda M, Tsugane S, Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group: Plasma organochlorine levels and subsequent risk of breast cancer among Japanese women: a nested case–control study.
Sci Total Environ 2008, 402:176-183. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Siddiqui MK, Anand M, Mehrotra PK, Sarangi R, Mathur N: Biomonitoring of organochlorines in women with benign and malignant breast disease.
Environ Res 2005, 98:250-257. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Cohn BA, Wolff MS, Cirillo PM, Sholtz RI: DDT and breast cancer in young women: new data on the significance of age at exposure.
Environ Health Perspect 2007, 115:1406-1414. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Hiatt RA, Haslam SZ, Osuch J, Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers: The breast cancer and the environment research centers: transdisciplinary research on the role of the environment in breast cancer etiology.
Environ Health Perspect 2009, 117:1814-1822. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Cohn BA: Developmental and environmental origins of breast cancer: DDT as a case study.
Reprod Toxicol 2011, 31:302-311. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Longnecker MP: Invited Commentary: Why DDT matters now.
Am J Epidemiol 2005, 162:726-728. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Wolff MS, Berkowitz GS, Brower S, Senie R, Bleiweiss IJ, Tartter P, Pace B, Roy N, Wallenstein S, Weston A: Organochlorine exposures and breast cancer risk in New York City women.
Environ Res 2000, 84:151-161. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Colditz GA, Frazier AL: Models of breast cancer show that risk is set by events of early life: prevention efforts must shift focus.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995, 4:567-571. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
John EM, Kelsey JL: Radiation and other environmental exposures and breast cancer.
Epidemiol Rev 1993, 15:157-162. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Gammon MD, Neugut AI, Santella RM, Teitelbaum SL, Britton JA, Terry MB, Eng SM, Wolff MS, Stellman SD, Kabat GC, Levin B, Bradlow HL, Hatch M, Beyea J, Camann D, Trent M, Senie RT, Garbowski GC, Maffeo C, Montalvan P, Berkowitz GS, Kemeny M, Citron M, Schnabe F, Schuss A, Hajdu S, Vincguerra V, Collman GW, Obrams GI: The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project: description of a multi-institutional collaboration to identify environmental risk factors for breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002, 74:235-254. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Brock JW, Burse VW, Ashley DL, Najam AR, Green VE, Korver MP, Powell MK, Hodge CC, Needham LL: An improved analysis for chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human and bovine sera using solid-phase extraction.
J Anal Toxicol 1996, 20:528-536. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Selvin S: Statistical Analysis of Epidemiologic Data. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996.
Shrier I, Platt RW: Reducing bias through directed acyclic graphs.
BMC Med Res Methodol 2008, 8:70. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Hosmer D, Lemeshow S: Applied Logsitic Regression. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1989.
Stevens J, Truesdale KP, McClain JE, Cai J: The definition of weight maintenance.
Int J Obes (Lond) 2006, 30:391-399. Publisher Full Text
Cohen J: A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales.
Educ Psychol Meas 1960, 20:37-46. Publisher Full Text
Phillips DL, Pirkle JL, Burse VW, Bernert JT Jr, Henderson LO, Needham LL: Chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in human serum: effects of fasting and feeding.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1989, 18:495-500. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Shekhar PV, Werdell J, Basrur VS: Environmental estrogen stimulation of growth and estrogen receptor function in preneoplastic and cancerous human breast cell lines.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1997, 89:1774-1782. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Robison AK, Sirbasku DA, Stancel GM: DDT supports the growth of an estrogen-responsive tumor.
Toxicol Lett 1985, 27:109-113. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Scribner JD, Mottet NK: DDT acceleration of mammary gland tumors induced in the male Sprague–Dawley rat by 2-acetamidophenanthrene.
Carcinogenesis 1981, 2:1235-1239. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Potter JD, Cerhan JR, Sellers TA, McGovern PG, Drinkard C, Kushi LR, Folsom AR: Progesterone and estrogen receptors and mammary neoplasia in the Iowa Women's Health Study: how many kinds of breast cancer are there?
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995, 4:319-326. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Longnecker MP, Rogan WJ, Lucier G: The human health effects of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and PCBS (polychlorinated biphenyls) and an overview of organochlorines in public health.
Annu Rev Public Health 1997, 18:211-244. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Sholtz RI, McLaughlin KR, Cirillo PM, Petreas M, Park JS, Wolff MS, Factor-Litvak P, Eskenazi B, Krigbaum N, Cohn BA: Assaying organochlorines in archived serum for a large, long-term cohort: implications of combining assay results from multiple laboratories over time.
Environ Int 2011, 37:709-714. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Teitelbaum SL, Gammon MD, Britton JA, Neugut AI, Levin B, Stellman SD: Reported residential pesticide use and breast cancer risk on Long Island.
New York. Am J Epidemiol 2007, 165:643-651. Publisher Full Text
Van den Berg H: Global status of DDT and its alternatives for use in vector control to prevent disease.
Environ Health Perspect 2009, 117:1656-1663. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text


text:
We just received the remaining inventory of the AMF Little Z Junior sets. I have to say we got a great deal on them! This set is great for the little golfer in you life to go to the range on a Saturday or even 9 holes. (more…)
Posts Tagged 'Amf Little Z'
AMF Little Z Junior Golf SetThursday, December 18th, 2008


text:
November 29, 2015
Several more Kentucky counties now have full burn bans in effect, bringing the total number in the state to 44.
Carlisle and Hickman counties now have total bans on outdoor burning.
Wednesday marks the official start of forest fire season. However, firefighters across the state have already been busy battling flames.
A fire burned two acres in Pulaski County on Monday. Firefighters from Oklahoma were called in to help. We're told that the fire is under control.
Forestry officials say this year's drought isn't helping the problem.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text: Imgur [ Minn. Bear Researcher Wins Temporary Reprieve By The Associated Press July 29, 2013 Minnesota bear researcher Lynn Rogers has won a temporary reprieve in his fight with the state Department of Natural Resources. Read More|Comment Category: AP Stories, State/Regional News Tags: lynn rogers, state department of natural resources, temporary bear reprieve Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


text: Support 88Nine And This Artist: Buy On Amazon Buy On iTunes Matthew Stephen Ward (b 4th October 1973, Newbury Park, California), known by his stage name M. Ward, is a U.S. singer-songwriter and guitarist who rose to prominence in the Portland, Oregon music scene. In addition to his solo work, he is known as a member of She & Him and Monsters of Folk. Ward was previously with the band Rodriguez, which included bassist Kyle Field (of Little Wings fame) and drummer Mike Funk. Read more about M. Ward on Last.fm. User-contributed text is available under the Creative Commons By-SA License and may also be available under the GNU FDL. Tracks We Played Let's Dance iTunes Let's Dance Last Played on August 05, 2014 5:11pm Never Had Nobody Like You iTunes Never Had Nobody Like You Hold Time Last Played on February 11, 2014 4:39pm


text:
- Filed Under
Joe Rexrode rates the Spartans on a scale of 1 to 10Offense
7: A huge day on the ground and an inefficient day passing, with costly, late drops. But 24 points and a late first down to rid Nebraska of its time-outs should have been enough for the Spartans to win.Defense
4: Was MSU victimized by a bad call? Yes. The Spartans also were victimized by the best offense they've faced all season. The Cornhuskers ran for 313, gained 473 and made key plays late. MSU, again, didn't.Special teams ...


text:
The first order of the day, updating on the girls. They are doing fabulous! They both love school and are changing and growing everyday. Saturday's are devoted to soccer with the Farm Girl playing double headers sometimes. She is advancing quickly with it all, as are all the girls on her team. They are finally playing the way soccer should be played and I see their full hearts in it every game. I'm so proud of these girls! Xi is also playing again this year and is our scorer! She has a determination in that little body that would make a grown man shake in his boots. She doesn't take gruff from anyone and has one clear focus, get the ball to the net. Haha! She absolutely adores the game and it's so much fun to watch her confidence building as quickly as it is between that and school. Proud parents on the farm!
I am finally feeling more motivated as I stated above, and so have been crafting more lately again. I've picked up the knitting needles, dusted off the sewing machine and am plotting the holiday gift making. I'm a bit behind, but that's okay! It always comes together in the end and that's what is important. I love that the girls have homemade gifts waiting for them on Christmas morning. Things I notice that they treasure more. Makes me proud to see them wanting to make things for each other too. Lola just finished knitting a baby washcloth for her teacher as well, who is due with her first baby in about 4 weeks. I knit some baby hats and made a pocket doll to go with the basket of goodies the class will giving her next week. I am very proud of Lola...she did a great job!
I am determined to get some long over due reviews up this week, so please look for those! Thank you so much for not abandoning me in my absence as well. Sometimes it's good to step away and gain some perspective again.
For now, here are some photos of the last few weeks and things we've made and been doing. Hope you enjoy!
New doll I made for Xi's birthday...
Pocket doll. I LOVE making these and am going to put some up in my Etsy shop soon!
Harry Potter and Dorothy joined us for the Great Goblin Glow this year!
Harry practicing a spell on a nervous Dorothy!
A very serious Harry Potter
And a very sweet Dorothy.
The Great Goblin Glow!
Some reusable bags for shopping the bulk bins. I made these from an old sheet. More to be made and embroidered....


text:
Hey guys,
Just a quick note to say I've added a forum to find-new-proxies.
It's located at Find New Proxies Forum - Index
Feel free to sign up and post and chat and what not.
Printable View
Hey guys,
Just a quick note to say I've added a forum to find-new-proxies.
It's located at Find New Proxies Forum - Index
Feel free to sign up and post and chat and what not.
Looks good.
How's the traffic to the proxy list site?
Here's my latest google analytics screenshot, traffic is ok. Quite low compared to that of my proxy site.
I've not really done much promotion on it apart from some basic linkbuilding, I'm just hoping to let it grow organically.
Increasing since I got me a twitter account and started randomly posting proxies and links to my site :)
Yes twitter helps a lot.
My traffic increased after I created an account.
Also I created a fan page on Facebook for my sites. I'm getting a little traffic from there, but once more people join the page, I expect to get a good amount of traffic from it.
Need something on there to block forum spammers.. ;)
Thanks Mike, I'll look into getting that if it gets bad.
For now I'm just going to move all the spam topics into the "General Spam" folder and lock them. Bit of a social experiment :P
Forum looks nice. So I take it this is a forum for both proxy webmasters and end-users. Maybe you should divide the forums and sub-forums up accordingly. Just a suggestion since you don't seem to have many sections yet.
Do you plan on including a marketplace? There are plenty of forums for me to post offers for proxy webmasters, but not many forums to post offers for end-users.
A marketplace isn't a bad idea, I've added a hidden "spam forum" where users have to post once they sign up to access the rest of the forum. This is hidden from everyone except new users (and me). This means that "sign up once and post once" people only post in that.
I'll add a marketplace soon :) it's a site for end-users and webmasters yeah.
Just curious, but what would go on a marketplace for a proxy forum?
- Offers for proxy end-user services.
- Requests. End users post what their specific proxy needs are for home, work, school or travel. Then, businesses can make offers directed at the requester's specific needs.
- Proxy advertising.
- Proxy hosting.
- Proxy dedicated servers.
- Software & hardware VPN services.
I don't have enough forums to post offers about VectroTunnel. Mike-XS has his XeroShield service. Many webmasters have proxy services other than just typical free Glype scripts.