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The babassu palm tree is native to Brazil and is most densely distributed in the Cocais region of the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. In addition to the industrial use of refined babassu oil, the milk, the unrefined oil and the nuts in natura are used by families from several communities of African descendants as one of the principal sources of food energy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of babassu oil on microvascular permeability and leukocyte-endothelial interactions induced by ischemia/reperfusion using the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation as experimental model.
Twice a day for 14 days, male hamsters received unrefined babassu oil (0.02 ml/dose [BO-2 group], 0.06 ml/dose [BO-6 group], 0.18 ml/dose [BO-18 group]) or mineral oil (0.18 ml/dose [MO group]). Observations were made in the cheek pouch and macromolecular permeability increase induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or topical application of histamine, as well as leukocyte-endothelial interaction after I/R were evaluated.
The mean value of I/R-induced microvascular leakage, determined during reperfusion, was significantly lower in the BO-6 and BO-18 groups than in the MO one (P < 0.001). In addition, histamine-induced increase of microvascular permeability was significantly less pronounced in BO groups compared to MO one. No significant differences among groups in terms of leukocyte adhesion, concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 were found.
Our findings suggest that unrefined babassu oil reduced microvascular leakage and protected against histamine-induced effects in postcapillary venules and highlights that these almost unexploited nut and its oil might be secure sources of food energy.
Keywords:Orbignya phalerata; Arecaceae; Babassu oil; Ischemia/reperfusion; Vascular permeability
The babassu palm tree is native to Brazil and is found in the deciduous forests of eastern Amazonia, especially in the state of Maranhão. The predominant species is Orbignya phalerata Mart. (Arecaceae), which has been widely studied [1-3]. Although the genus Orbignya is found in other countries of the Americas, the concentration of these species is believed to be highest in the Cocais region of Maranhão [4,5].
Babassu oil extracted from the nut is very rich in triacylglycerols, small amounts of free fatty acids, phospholipids, pigments, sterols and tocopherols [6]. There is a wide variety of fatty acids including lauric acid (44%), oleic acid (17%), myristic acid (17%), palmitic acid (8%), capric acid (6%), caprylic acid (5%), stearic acid (4.5%), and linoleic acid (2%) [7,8].
Each fruit contains 3 to 6 nuts that are collected manually in a traditional home subsistence system [9]. In addition to its industrial use as refined edible oil [10], the milk and the unrefined oil of the babassu nut are used for cooking by families from several communities of African descendants as one of the principal sources of food energy. Nuts are also eaten in natura[9,11].
Nowadays plant seeds constitute new oil sources and there is a worldwide interest for exploitation from natural resources. Unlike other edible oils, little is known about the possible damages or benefits of the dietary use of the babassu nut and its products for human health. On the other hand, fish oil and olive oil have been reported to protect against cardiovascular disease [12,13] and to improve clinical indicators of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients [14].
The reputation of olive oil as a healthy product is more likely due to the presence of numerous minor elements contained in it like biophenols, some triterpene alcohols, phytosterols, squalene and tocopherols [15,16].
Phytosterols and tocopherols are also present in babassu oil [6]. Plant sterols are natural dietary components fundamental for cell membranes in both plants and animals with serum-lowering proprieties [17]. Tocopherols are considered to be the most effective lipid phase natural antioxidant which plays an important role in cellular signaling, especially in relation to protein kinase C [18].
In the present study, we used the hamster cheek pouch preparation in order to evaluate, for the first time, effects that unrefined babassu oil has on ischemia /reperfusion induced microvascular permeability and leukocyte-endothelial interactions.
Material and methods
We used 39 male golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus; Paulinea, São Paulo, Brazil), weighing 122–146 g, at 7–10 weeks of age. Animals were housed in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment, on a 12/12-h light/dark cycle, with ad libitum access to water and autoclaved standard rodent chow (Nuvital; Nuvilab, Curitiba, Brazil), at the State University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Hamsters were divided into four groups of animals (n = 9/group), treated twice a day for 14 days, either with mineral oil — 0.18 ml/dose (MO group) — or with unrefined babassu oil — 0.02 ml/dose (BO-2 group), 0.06 ml/dose (BO-6 group); and 0.18 ml/dose (BO-18 group). Those four groups were further subdivided: 6 animals from each group were used for analysis of permeability and leukocyte adhesion; and 3 others from each group were used to determine levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Another group of untreated animals (receiving neither mineral oil nor babassu oil, n = 3) was created as an additional control for the determination of cytokine levels. Sterile mineral oil was used as negative control because it is considered safe [19] and it has reduced absorption in the gastrointestinal tract [20].
All procedures were approved by the State University of Rio de Janeiro Committee for Animal Experimentation (Protocol no. 215/2007) and were conducted in accordance with international standards for biomedical research involving animals, as well as with those established by the Brazilian College of Animal Experimentation.
Obtaining the babassu oil
Kernels were collected from babassu trees in the municipality of Codó, located in the state of Maranhão, and the oil was extracted at the Chemistry Laboratory of Maranhão State University, in the city of São Luís. We have performed continuous extraction using a Soxhlet extractor (Foss Tecator Soxtec HT 6; Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) and a heater (Tecnal, Piracicaba, Brazil) that had been preheated in an incubator for 60 min at 150°C. The solvent used was hexane [21-23].
Intravital microscopy studies
On the day of the experiment anesthesia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital −0.02ml/100g/body weight (Pentobarbital sodique, Sanofi, Paris, France, 60mg/ml) and maintained with intravenous injection of α-chloralose (2.5% solution) through a femoral vein catheter. To facilitate spontaneous breathing, a tracheal cannula (PE 190, Becton Dickinson, and Sparks, MD, USA) was inserted. Body temperature was maintained at 37°C with a heating pad and monitored with a rectal thermistor. The preparation of the cheek pouch for intravital microscopy has been previously described [24-26]. In brief, the cheek pouch was everted and mounted on a microscope stage. An area of approximately 1 cm2 was prepared for intravital microscopy of macromolecular permeability and leukocyte adhesion. The cheek pouch was continuously superfused with warm (36.5°C) HEPES bicarbonate buffered saline solution gassed with 95% N25% CO2 to maintain a pH of 7.4 and low oxygen tension. At 30 min after completion of the preparation phase, each hamster received an intravenous injection (25mg/100g body weight) of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran molecular weight, 150 000, TdB Consultancy, Uppsala, Sweden) as a macromolecular tracer. Total ischemia was achieved with an inflatable cuff placed around the neck of the everted pouch [24] maintained for 30 min. Microvascular permeability to large molecules was quantified by counting the number of sites of fluorescent plasma extravasation (leaks), visualized by tracer fluorescence in postcapillary venules [24,25]. Preparations with less than 10 leak sites 30 min after FITC-labeled dextran injection were accepted for experiments. At 60 min after reperfusion, histamine (5×10ˉ6 M) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was applied topically for 5 min.The number of leaks was counted at 2, 5, 10 and 15 min after the application of the histamine. The number of leaks at 10 min after reperfusion and 5 min after histamine application were used for statistical calculations.
Cytokine measurements
Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture while animals were maintained under anesthesia. The serum was stored (−80°C) to determine levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α using high-sensitivity ELISA kit (R&D System, Minneapolis, MN, USA),according to the protocol specified by the manufacturer.
Statistical analysis
Statistical analyses were performed with the STATA program, version 9.0 for Windows (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA). Data are expressed as mean and standard deviation. In comparisons among groups and among time points, we have used analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The homogeneity of variances was assessed by Levene's test. Data were graphed by box-plot. For all statistical tests, values of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Intravital microscopy studies
Treated hamsters accepted the oral administration of mineral or babassu oils and responded to the ischemia/reperfusion. The number of ischemia-induced microvascular leaks during reperfusion was significantly lower in the BO-6 and BO-18 groups than in the MO and BO-2 groups (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Ischemia-induced vascular leakage (leaks/cm2), at 10 min after the onset of reperfusion, in groups of hamsters treated twice a day for 14 days with 0.18 ml of mineral oil (MO), 0.02 ml (BO-2), 0.06 ml (BO-6) or 0.18 ml (BO-18) of unrefined babassu oil. The lines represent the mean (center line) and the standard deviation (top and bottom line). The whiskers represent the maximum and minimum values. Analysis of variance ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test: * P<0.01, **P<0.001 compared with MO and #P<0.01 ##P<0.001 compared with BO-2.
The histamine-induced increase in microvascular permeability was significantly less pronounced in BO-6 and BO-18 groups treated with babassu oil (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Ischemia-induced vascular leakage (leaks/cm2), at 5 min after histamine application, in groups of hamsters treated twice a day for 14 days with the following: 0.18 ml of mineral oil (MO); 0.02 ml (BO-2); 0.06 ml (BO-6) or 0.18 ml of unrefined babassu oil (BO-18). The lines represent the mean (center line) and the standard deviation (top and bottom line). The whiskers represent the maximum and minimum values. Analysis of variance ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests: **P<0.001 compared with MO and #P<0.01 compared with BO-2.
Leukocyte adhesion and cytokine levels
At both time points evaluated, the degree of leukocyte adhesion was significantly lower in BO-2 group than in BO-18 group (P < 0.05).
We found no significant differences among groups in terms of leukocyte adhesion, concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6.
Atherosclerosis is considered to be an inflammatory disease and the endothelium plays a key role in this process [26]. It produces several vasoactive compounds like vasodilators [endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs)], such as nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and vasoconstricitors [endothelium-derived contracting factors (EDCFs)], such as angiotensin II, endothelin, and thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 and superoxide anions/isoprostane [27].
It has been shown that among the major known risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases, eating incorrectly has received special attention [28]. A low fat, hight-fiber diet, rich in dietary antioxidants from fruits, vegetables and whole grains is recommended to help reduce cardiovascular risk in the general population [29]. In this regard, the lipids are the most studied macronutrients concerning on the effects of dietary components on inflammation [30].
The oil extracted from the babassu nut is a complementary part of the diet of several indigenous [31] and babassu-nut breakers communities and is one of the principal sources of food energy [10,32].
In the present study, despite the presence of saturated fat acid, we have observed that treating male hamsters with unrefined babassu oil decreased ischemia-induced macromolecular leakage in postcapillary venules and protected against histamine-induced increase in microvascular permeability. However the degree of leukocyte adhesion was significantly lower only in the BO-2 group, compared to BO-18 one, data that need further investigations. It is important to emphasize that the histamine effect is not dependent on neutrophil inhibition [33,34].
Unrefined babassu oil contains minor components such as sterols and tocopherols [6] and oleic acid [7,8] which have been investigated as responsibly for protective effect on the microcirculation.
Previous studies, comparing activities of α-tocopherol and shark cartilage given orally to hamsters have shown that both inhibited macromolecular permeability increase after ischemia/reperfusion but only α-tocopherol was effective in decreasing the macromolecular permeability increase induced by histamine.
Several different studies of I/R-induced plasma leakage in the hamster cheek pouch concluded that at least two reactive oxygen species are involved such as superoxide (O2) and nitric oxide (NO). Superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD and CuZn-SOD) inhibited I/R-induced plasma leakage [35] and the nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor L-NA inhibited I/R-induced plasma leakage and leucocyte adherence to post capillary venules [36].
Vitamin E is considered the most important lipid-soluble antioxidant and lipid-rich plant products and vegetables are the main natural sources of it [37]. Humans absorb all forms of vitamin E, but the body maintains only α-tocopherol [38], incorporated into cellular membranes in which it effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation [39].
Other compounds present in the babassu oil are phytosterols [6], related to cholesterol-lowering properties of some oils from natural plant sources, but the exact mechanisms is not fully understood [40].
The babassu nut is an important source of lauric acid but it has 17% of oleic acid. Baer and co-workers demonstrated that ingestion of 8% oleic acid could inhibit the inflammatory process [41]. Whether or not the oleic acid plays a role in the protective effect observed in our experiments needs further investigation. Olive oil contains large amounts of oleic acid which is a ω-9 monounsaturated fatty acid converted to eicosatrienoic (ETA). ETA is converted to Leukotriene A3 (LTA3), which is a potent inhibitor of leukotriene B4 synthesis [42].
Given the limitations of our study and the fact that, to our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate effects of babassu oil in a model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, further studies will also be needed in order to corroborate our data and to justify the use of babassu oil as a source of food energy.
Unrefined babassu oil given orally to male hamsters decreased ischemia-induced macromolecular leakage in postcapillary venules, and protected against a histamine-induced increase in microvascular permeability. Our results suggest that this almost unexploited nut and its oil might be secure sources of food energy.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
MCLB conceived drafting, performed experimental work, interpretation and discussion of the results and wrote the paper. FZGA, MGCS participate of the experimental work analysis and interpretation. DSS, FLB, LFAG, MCPS, APSA participate in the acquisition of data, conception and interpretation. EB, MDSBN, participate in the conceiving drafting, orientation and revision the manuscript critically for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Authors' information
Maria do Carmo Barbosa Lacerda, professor and researcher of the Federal University of Maranhão, Brazil, Master of Science in physiology and completing a doctoral thesis by the Biotechnology Network of Northeastern Brazil. She studies the health of black communities "Quilombolas" and babassu nut in the diet of these communities.
Eliete Bouskela professor and researcher, director of the Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), of the Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil. Fellow by the National Research Council (CNPq). She develops researcher concerning on regulation of microvascular reactivity in obesity, insulin resistance, septic shock, hemorrhagic stroke and cardiovascular risk detection using non-invasive methods.
Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento professor and researcher, chief of the Laboratory of Basic and Applied Immunology of the Federal University of Maranhão, Brazil. She also studies the health of black communities "Quilombolas" and babassu nut in the diet of these communities.
Fátima ZGACyrino, biomedical and researcher of the Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), of the Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil. She develops the same research line of Dr Eliete Bouskela.
Ana Paula S.Azevedo, professor and researcher at the Laboratory of Imunophisiology of the Federal University of Maranhão, Brazil. She studies the Ethnopharmacology of regional plants, especially the babassu palm trees.
Maria Célia P Costa, professor and researcher, PhD in Chemistry, chief of the Laboratory of Macromolecular and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Maranhão State University, Brazil.
Maria das Graças C. de Souza, biologist and researcher the Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), of the Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil. She develops the same research line ofDr Eliete Bouskela.
Debora S Santos, Chemistry and research fellow of the Laboratory of Macromolecular and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Maranhão State University, Brazil.
Felipe L Barbosa and Luiz Felipe A Guerra, undergraduate researchers participants by FAPEMA- Foundation for the Support of Research and Technological Development in the State of Maranhão.
This work was conducted as part of the doctoral dissertation of the first author under the auspices of the Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO, Biotechnology Network of Northeastern Brazil). Financial support was provided by the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA, Foundation for the Support of Research and Technological Development in the State of Maranhão; Universal Mandate no. 04/2010). Logistical support was provided by the Municipal Health Department of Codó, Brazil.
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text:
How to avoid excessive use of the back leg, especially to initiate heel-side turns?
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Join Date: Jan 2013
Location: New hampshire
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Originally Posted by
Overall, a pretty decent post with mostly correct information and you`re getting really close on the other points. You have mostly correct ideas here but you're not quite there and have a few misconceptions.
One big one is that no you don't need to point the board down the hill to make an edge change. In fact, on steep terrain, you want early edge change with the board across the fall line so you can work the top of the turn. What the board has to be doing to make any safe edge change is be traveling straight tip to tail with no sideslip. The board does not care what direction it is pointing.
I think you are trying to describe board performance concepts which are actually Tilt, Twist, Pivot and Pressure. I am assuming when you say "rock" you are referring to tilt. As for twist, you should not be using any twist if you are truly carving; this is all about tilt.
If you are doing a dynamic skidded turn, twist is certainly not for just the initiation of the turn; you maintain twist throughout the entire turn.
So, we use different board performance concepts depending on the type of turn we want to perform.
Not dissing you or trashing your info, just adding a little bit of higher level information to the already good grasp you have here......cheers...
Thanks for the feedback! I teach snowboarding at my local mountain and the "stance, twist, rock" is the thing they teach so I guess it has rubbed off a bit. Hoping to get level 2 cert by the end of the season, so terminology is important. 90% of my students are under 10 years old, so its not so much telling them the right info, but getting them to do the right thing. And feel it.
Your absolutely correct on the board pointing downhill, I meant you have to come back to neutral before you can completely switch edges.
not being able to see the rider in question makes it a bit difficult doesnt it :/.
As far as carving, I had a instructor tell the twist carve thing and always just accepted it. Today when I go out Ill have to give a look at my mechanics. your right, that doesnt make sense....
Snow, you are an wealth of incredible informative goodness!!!
We werent talking about carving, I was just going off on a tangent.
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Who knows what Tim Connolly's career would look like at this point had it not been for a never-ending run of injuries that seems to impact just about every season the 30-year-old forward plays in the NHL. And so far in Toronto it's been more of the same.
After having already missed the Maple Leafs' first eight games of the regular season, the veteran center returned to the lineup for six games, recording a goal and three assists, before having to be sidelined once again with what is being described as an "upper body injury."
It's expected that he could miss anywhere between 10 and 14 days. According to head coach Ron Wilson, this injury is not related to the shoulder injury that kept him out of the lineup at the start of the season.
Obviously, injury problems are nothing new for Connolly, originally a first-round draft pick (No. 5 overall) by the New York Islanders back in 1999. Over the past seven seasons Connolly has managed to appear in just 302 of a possible 506 regular season games.
After spending eight injury filled seasons with the Buffalo Sabres, where he put up very respectable numbers offensively when he was on the ice after being acquired in the trade that sent Mike Peca to the Islanders prior to the 2001-02 season, Connolly signed a two-year, $9.5 million contract with Toronto this summer to be one of their top centers. Given his injury problems, that have ranged from concussions to hip and back injuries, it was a rather large gamble on a player that, while a gifted passer and puckhandler, is obviously prone to significant injuries.
Photo: Getty Images
For more hockey news, rumors and analysis, follow @EyeOnHockey and @agretz on Twitter.


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Boston's Emerson College and Pennsylvania's Grove City College topped the Princeton Review's annual list of the most LGBT-friendly and unfriendly colleges in the country, respectively.
Rankings are based on surveys of 126,000 students about their school's academics, administration, student body and themselves. In addition to a campus' acceptance of LGBT students, the Princeton Review rates schools on other, highly important criteria, such as the top party schools (Univeristy of Iowa), top stone-cold sober schools (Brigham Young Universty, once again) and most conservative (Auburn University) and liberal (Bennington College) students.
New England and California schools dominated the gay-friendly list, while the South rose again on the unfriendly side of things. However, Asheville, North Carolina's Warren Wilson College came in at number 2 behind Emerson, outgaying traditionally queertastic sanctuaries of higher learning such as NYU, Yale and Bryn Mawr. In a surprising turn of events, the University of Rhode Island was ranked more unfriendly than not one, but three Texas universities, and the Catholic University of America. We guess no same-sex weddings will be occurring at the RIU's chapel anytime soon.
Check out the full rankings below:
20 Most LGBT-Friendly
20 Most LGBT-Unfriendly
Campus Pride warns, however, that you should take these rankings with a grain of salt.
I find it interesting that Pitzer is listed as freindly. I attended a college in the Claremont group, of which Pitzer is one. I am surprised that the college I attended is not listed as unfriendly. Pizer was always the most 'liberal' of the group.
Notice the more unfriendly a place is towards minorities the less their qualifications are worth in the marketplace.
As an alumni of the University of Rhode Island, I should update that a a beautiful new LGBTQ center is being built on campus. And that the schools moniker is URI not RIU. #GoRhody
I'm surprised the Wake Forest University ranked 7th in LGBT-unfriendly category. As a gay alumnus and librarian at Wake Forest, I can attest to the progress that has been made in recent years, starting with the establishment of an active LGBTQ center on campus. This has led to open and frank discussions of LGBTQ issues on campus. Additionally, last October, Winston Salem's gay pride parade included a float sponsored by the University's ZSR Library and LGBTQ center. The float was flanked by over 100 people from of our campus community.
I completely disagree with Wake's ranking on this. As, Hubert said, the university and student body have both made VAST improvements since I started coming to Wake. We now have an active LGBTQA center and a new women's center, as well as a lot of different programs like the Safe Zone Training and things specifically for the community. Heck, we even voted an openly gay black man as our Student Body President! That would not have happened when I was a freshman here back in 2009-2010.
I'm really really disappointed that none of this was taken into consideration with the rankings. I'm absurdly proud of how far we've come in the last four years alone.
@JennyFromdabloc: And youse gets a great edukashun that teaches you that "alumni" is a plural.
Even back in the early 70s when I spent 4 years there Emerson College was home of the New England Gay Students' Alliance. Proud that my alma mater is #1 in this.
Also, I would like to add that these lists were taken from a survey that was 80 questions long. The lists were based off of the answers to a single question out of those 80. Also, it would be interesting to see how many of the students were straight versus members of the LGBTQ community. I would almost bet money that there was a low percentage of members of the LGBTQ community in the sample pool. Therefore, I hardly think that this is based on reliable data.


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Why Implement ITIL in Your Organisation?
Many executives express frustration as they attempt to reign in the chaos and expense associated with their IT investments but find little in the way of substantive guidance. The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL®) is the worlds most widely accepted approach to the management and delivery of IT Services.
Many IT departments behave reactively, responding to events as they occur - for example, a server outage. Because unscheduled work tasks take priority over planned work, staff find that they are always behind. By implementing ITIL, an organisation can overcome this cycle and get clear insight into the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and activities in the IT department.
Organisational Benefits to ITIL
Successful introduction of IT Service Management with ITIL should deliver the following benefits:
- Improved customer satisfaction through a more professional approach to service delivery
- Improved IT services through the use of proven best practice processes
- Improved ROI of IT
- Improved delivery of third party services through the specification of ITIL
- Improved morale of service delivery and recipient staff
- Increased competence, capability and productivity of IT staff
- Increased staff retention
- Reduced cost of training
- Improved systems/ applications availability
- Reduced cost/ incident
- Reduced hidden costs that traditionally increases substantially the TCO
- Better asset utilisation
- A clear business differentiator from competitors
- Closely aligned to commercial business services and products
- Greater visibility of IT costs
- Greater visibility of IT assets
- A benchmark to measure performance against in IT projects or services
- Reduced cost of recruitment and training - hiring ITIL qualified people is easier
The economic impact of ITIL implementation will be realised in all of the areas above. The benefits can also be viewed in terms of direct and indirect savings. Costs relating to missed opportunities and not being able to operate will be reduced significantly.
Who Else Has Implemented ITIL?
Many large international organisations have implemented ITIL such as Microsoft, IBM, Atos, Caterpillar, Shell Oil, Boeing and many more and have all reported great success and significant operational cost savings as a direct result of ITIL adoption.
Microsoft uses ITIL both as the basis for Microsoft Operations Framework, which is our structured approach to helping customers achieve IT operational excellence and in how we operate our own systems. We are proud to have contributed as lead authors to the writing of the Application Management and the Planning to Implement Service Management books in the ITIL collection. "
- Rick Devenuti, Corporate Vice President, Microsoft Services and IT
Best Practice Management Website
All the service desk processes - change, incident and problem management) have been in use for a long time, and we have been able to implement others, such as release management, on new contracts. It has established consistency in terminology and processes throughout our operations.
Today, we have around 200 people trained on the ITIL foundation and managers courses. The result is that 1000 people involved in service delivery use ITIL, with increasing numbers taking it up in technical consulting. "
- Laura Jay, Managed Operations Delivery Assurance, Atos
Best Practice Management Website
Why Should I Become ITIL Certified?
Becoming ITIL certified will make you a valuable resource. See ITIL training courses.
To Gain First Class IT Service Management Skills
ITIL certification will allow you to understand the common language of ITIL, understood by IT professionals worldwide, and will increase your standing within the IT community.
ITIL gives you an adaptive and flexible framework for managing IT services and encourages you to use common sense rather than follow a rigid set of rules.
To Improve your Employment Prospects
ITIL will create a common understanding between your IT staff, suppliers, contractors and users within the business by creating a common approach and language towards IT services.
ITIL can deliver huge cost savings for an organisation by promoting the optimum use of people, process and technology. Pro-active management and continuous service improvement will help to increase quality while reducing overall costs.
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Kevin West's new film has been specially made to mark the 7th anniversary of the 7th July 2005 London bombings. It includes some of the new footage released …
The British people are still deceived and will not wake up. It will not heal issues in the Middle East if they dont know about the false flags of 9-11 and 7/7. God bless these dear men.
Related Posts :
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Communications & Marketing
UIU and Fareway agree to CAP partnership
Upper Iowa University announces June and August graduatesview all news ›
December 1: Giving Tuesday
December 5: Birthday of UIU Founder Elizabeth Alexander
December 11: Alumni Fan Party, Mankato, MN
December 12: Alumni Networking Event, Minneapolis, MN
Dec. 21-Jan. 3: Holiday Break: UIU offices closed
Jan. 4: Spring Semester Term 3 US Centers, Online Program, Nursing Classes Begin
Jan. 11: Spring Semester Term 3 Fayette classes begin
Upper Iowa University names university provost and vice president for Academic Extension
FAYETTE, Iowa (February 14, 2014) - Upper Iowa University has announced the appointment of two key administrators. Dr. Kurt W. Wood, from Davenport, will become the UIU Provost in charge of all academic programming, student success and student services. Dr. Paula Shipper, from Independence, Mo., will serve as vice president for the UIU Academic Extension, which includes all off-site education centers, the university's online and self-paced degree programs, and the Integrated Enrollment Center (records, applications, registrations, financial aid, recruitment, and advising). Both Wood and Shipper will begin their positions on March 1.
"Upper Iowa is very fortunate to have found these excellent individuals to round out our executive team," said UIU President William R. Duffy II, Ed.D, Ed.S. "Dr. Wood is a UIU alumnus, a successful doctor of chiropractic medicine, and an experienced college administrator. He has been a long-time friend of UIU and is a trustee emeritus of our Board. Dr. Shipper has broad expertise in the administration of off-campus educational programs and strengthens the international experience of our executive team as well. She has already served UIU as an adjunct faculty member and as a member of the advisory board for our masters in higher education administration program. Both Kurt and Paula are outstanding leaders for UIU who will hit the ground running – they know our culture, our students, our challenges, and our potential."
The Upper Iowa provost serves as Chief Academic Officer and is responsible for recruiting and retaining quality faculty; for directing the residence life program on the Fayette campus; for directing student support services throughout the University; for directing enrollment management, including developing strategies for recruiting and retaining students and contributing to student success. The provost ensures that curriculum and programs accurately reflect the mission of the University and align with the strategic plan. The provost provides leadership for academic program planning and development, educational policy, program assessment, faculty evaluation and faculty development.
"Our new provost will help strategically position the University for continuing growth without compromising academic quality and admissions standards in an increasingly complex, interdependent, global, and highly competitive higher education environment," Duffy added. "Kurt was involved in the initial establishment of our online program offerings; he has extensive experience in working with the Higher Learning Commission and ensuring accreditation compliance; and he has collaborated extensively with faculty and extended campus locations to ensure academic integrity and program efficiencies, and he has a keen ability to develop programs to meet market needs. He and his family have a long history of connection to Upper Iowa University, and we are pleased to welcome him and his wife Jennifer back home to Fayette. I do not believe there is a more prepared and finer leader anywhere who could take on the challenges we face today and who is more committed to our University. I firmly believe he is the right leader to be UIU's first provost."
Wood, a 1976 graduate of UIU, has been vice chancellor for clinic affairs at the Palmer College of Chiropractic in Davenport since 2009, from where he earned his doctor of chiropractic degree in 1979. He also served Palmer College as dean of clinics and executive dean for clinic affairs. Prior to joining the Palmer leadership team in 2007, Wood had been on the faculty of the College of Chiropractic at Northwestern Health Sciences University, Bloomington, Minn., since 1987, Named teacher of the year in 2001, he served as department chair, director of clinical services, program coordinator, chair of the College of Chiropractic, and as associate dean of clinical services. He has also been active in private practice and in a number of professional organizations and community service organizations. He is widely published and frequently presents on clinical care and health care administration matters. Wood was elected to the UIU Board of Trustees in 1990 and honored as trustee emeritus in 2009.
"As an Iowa-licensed healthcare provider, I've taken an oath to put the interests of those I serve before my own," Wood told UIU faculty and staff. "My guiding principle when caring for patients, this has extended to my experiences in higher education and will continue to guide me in my role as Upper Iowa's Provost. In fact, I recently came across the 400-year old Provost's declaration from Trinity College, in Dublin, Ireland – an oath sworn by an incoming provost before Trinity's governing board. Borrowing heavily from it, I submit to you this pronouncement as I assume the office of UIU Provost: 'To you I affirm my intent to equitably decide all matters put before me without discrimination – [that is] without fear, favor or prejudice; to be prudent and vigilant in conserving and promoting the interests and reputation of Upper Iowa University and its academic programs; and to promote concord and amity among the University's constituents.' Academiae primus – homo semper, or as we best understand our University mantra: University first – people always!"
In her role with UIU, Shipper will serve as the Chief University Officer for the Academic Extension and Integrated Enrollment Center, providing academic leadership, strategic planning, personnel management, budget development and management. Her responsibilities will include developing and implementing strategies for new market development.
"Paula has extensive experience working with academic units, faculty, and staff to establish processes to ensure academic integrity and quality throughout extended campus locations; she has worked extensively with military centers and stakeholders; and she has a tremendous record of creating strategic partnerships with community colleges, businesses and industry to enhance growth," Duffy added. "Paula fully understands the fiscal and operational aspects of extended campus operations. She is a proven leader, motivator, team builder and collaborator, and I have no doubt she is the right leader at the right time to move us forward."
Shipper comes to UIU from Park University in Parkville, Mo., where she is currently executive director of business development, Park Distance Learning. She has been at Park University since 2010, previously serving as director of distance academic services. Other institutions of higher education served by Shipper include the University of Missouri-Kansas City Bloch School of Business; Thunderbird School of Global Management, Glendale, Az.; University of Denver, Daniels College of Business; University of California, San Diego, Calif.; University of North Texas, Denton; and Texas Woman's University, Denton and Houston. Shipper has also been a refugee case worker for Russian and Iranian refugees for the Jewish Family Service Refugee Resettlement Program, San Diego, Calif.; program director for regional business environment courses in China, Africa, South America and Europe; and was part of the Secretary of Defense Capstone VIP Program for the Joint Civilian Orientation Conference. Shipper has been an adjunct professor for the Park University Graduate School of Education, Fort Hays State University masters in independent studies program, and the UIU graduate level MHEA and MBA programs. Shipper earned a bachelor's degree in special education and a masters degree in agency counseling from the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa; and a doctorate in higher education administration from the University of North Texas.
"I look forward to serving and partnering with faculty, staff and students starting on March 1," Shipper said. "At UIU, we have much to be proud of from our past, and we have the ability to create our own positive future. Wherever there is an Upper Iowa student we will serve them – here at Fayette, online, in the military, or at our campus centers -- we will serve them with excellence."
About Upper Iowa University Founded in 1857, Upper Iowa University is a private, not-for-profit university providing undergraduate and graduate degree programs to more than 6,200 students – nationally and internationally – at its Fayette campus and learning centers worldwide. Upper Iowa University is a recognized innovator in offering accredited, quality programs through flexible, multiple delivery systems, including online and self-paced degree program. With a focus on developing leaders and lifelong learners, UIU provides dual enrollment programs for high school students as well as continuing education and professional development opportunities for learners of any age. For more information, visit www.uiu.edu.
Monica Bayer Heaton
Associate Vice President for Communication and Marketing
Phone 563-425-5773
Cell: 515-291-2070


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McLaren must not be carried away with 5th today. That car has not improved at all. The team is only resorting to tyre strategies to get some points. I can't believe that the McLaren that we all have come to know, with only 2 stops the entire race, will not be able to finish ahead of some cars that made 4 stops. Considering that a pit stop is an average of 22 to 25 seconds, that is an advantage of over 40 seconds that they had on those cars.
Pirelli tyres are contributing to hide a serious performance problem at McLaren.


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Still No Sign of Haleigh Cummings
Haleigh vanished sometime between 10 p.m. Monday night and 3 a.m. Tuesday morning. According to WDBO radio, authorities have released the 911 call Haleigh's father made when he came home early Tuesday. Ronald Cummings had discovered that the rear door to his double-wide was open and his daughter was missing. Via News4Jax.com we have a transcript of his dialogue with the 911 operator:
CALLER: I just woke up and my back door was all open and I can't find my daughter.
DISPATCH: Can't find what?
CALLER: My daughter.
DISPATCH:Ok. When did you last see her?
CALLER: Um, we just like, you know, it was about 10 o'clock. She was sleeping (inaudible).
DISPATCH: Ok. How old is your daughter?
CALLER: She's 5.
DISPATCH: OK. What was she last seen wearing, Ma'am?
CALLER: She was in her pajamas. We were sleeping.
DISPATCH: OK. Alright, you said your back door was wide open?
CALLER: Yes, with a brick. Like, there was a brick on the floor. Like, when I went to sleep the door was not like that.
DISPATCH: Was your back door locked do you know?
CALLER: Yes. The back door always stays locked.
FATHER: I just got home from work, my 5-year-old daughter is gone. I need someone to be here now. I'm telling you. If I find whoever has my daughter before you all do, I'm killing him. I don't care. I'll spend the rest of my life in prison.
DISPATCH: It's OK sir, we got them on the way. Can you give me a description of the pajamas she was wearing?
FATHER: I don't (expletive) know I was at work.
A police spokesperson has said that the case is "truly still a whodunit." Authorities still aren't sure whether they have an abduction or a simple missing child on their hands. The same spokesperson, Maj. Gary Bowling, also told reporters that police "haven't lost ground, but we haven't gained any ground that we can you know plant a stake in and say yeah we're making progress in this area."
At this time, neither Misty Croslin, Ronald Cummings's teen girlfriend, nor Cummings himself are considered suspects. Up to 25 registered sex offenders live in the area, and police are questioning them as well.
Haleigh's father has insisted that she was afraid of the dark and would not roam at night. This may have been why he was so certain right away that his daughter had been abducted. A 2-year-old child was asleep in the same room as Haleigh, and he was fine. Police said there was no sign of forced entry into the mobile home.
The Cummings residence is on a rural road in a heavily wooded area. I'm tempted to reject the idea of a sex offender kidnapping the little girl, but then I realize that in some ways, this case bears an uncomfortable resemblance to the disappearance of Jessica Lunsford.
Except, that is, for the age of the missing child. Every time I've written about a missing child who fell prey to a sexual predator, that child has been at least 7 or older. Predators who target children as young as 4 or 5 certainly do exist -- but they are relatively rare. Rarer still -- silent snatching in the dead of night. Joseph Edward Duncan III snatched two children in the dead of night, but he killed the childrens' family to eliminate witnesses -- and just maybe because he wanted to.
The odds are, most of the time, that a child as young as Haleigh Cummings is more likely to fall prey to someone close to her.
The Amber Alert for Haleigh is still active. If you have information regarding the disappearance of this little girl, call the Putnam County Sheriff at 386-329-0808.
Additional links: TampaBays10.com, MyFoxOrlando, a mobile webcam on the scene.


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No. 100A, Jalan Tun H S Lee, 50000 Kuala Lumpur
Phone :- +603 2022 1109
Fax :- +603 2072 3770
To offer efficient security service to our valuable clients and boost the standard of the security in the industry.Our VISION is to take customer service to another level. Our PROMISE is to employ highly experienced and quality trained staff whom you can TRUST and will work well within a team environment.
To provide quality security services to our valued clients, by providing skilled, experienced and knowledgeable staff to meet our client's needs, and serving them with respect, honesty professionalism.
Contact | Terms of Use | Privacy Statement
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The Regenerator
December 1, 2015|
In his search for effective therapies for Parkinson's disease, Lorenz Studer is uncovering pluripotency switches and clues to what makes cells age.
December 1, 2015|
In his search for effective therapies for Parkinson's disease, Lorenz Studer is uncovering pluripotency switches and clues to what makes cells age.
October 1, 2015|
Eve Marder's quest to understand neurotransmitter signaling is more than 40 years old and still going strong.
September 1, 2015|
A teaching obligation in graduate school introduced James Hudspeth to a career focused on how vertebrates sense sounds.
August 1, 2015|
Among the first to discover epigenetic reprogramming during mammalian development, Wolf Reik has been studying the dynamics of the epigenome for 30 years.
November 1, 2014|
An inspiring lecturer turned Marcus Raichle's focus from music and history to science. Since then, he has pioneered the use of imaging to study how our brains function.
October 1, 2014|
Vision researcher John Dowling has spent a lifetime studying the neural architecture of the retina. He is closing his laboratory after 53 years, opting to extend these studies as a postdoc.
September 1, 2014|
A groundbreaker in the study of Listeria monocytogenes, Pascale Cossart continues to build her research tool kit to understand how to fight such intracellular human pathogens.
July 1, 2014|
In lieu of a career in punk rock, James Pfaus opted to study the brain signals underlying sexual behavior and then see what happened when he manipulated them.
February 1, 2014|
Fueled by her love of visual data and addicted to chromosomes, Abby Dernburg continues to study how homologous chromosomes find each other during gamete formation.
November 1, 2013|
By audaciously pursuing an abandoned area of research, Ana María Cuervo discovered how cells selectively break down their waste, and revealed the health consequences when that process malfunctions.


text: Shakespeare Institute events In 'Events' EventsThursday seminarsPast events Back to 'Shakespeare Institute' EventsRSS FeedAtom Feed Shakespeare at Oxford: University Plays and the Playhouse Date03/12/2015DescriptionShakespeare Institute Seminar given by Elisabeth Dutton (Universite de Fribourg, Switzerland). World Shakespeare Conference Date31/07/2016 - 06/08/2016DescriptionSet in both Stratford and London, the 2016 Shakespeare Congress will offer unequalled opportunities to engage with the current state of play in Shakespearean criticism, pedagogy, theatre history and performance studies, and to connect with Shakespeareans from across the globe. Displaying 1 to 2 of 2


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- Filed Under
There are several events today in the Pine Belt commemorating the anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the U.S.
? The 158th Infantry Brigade will host a 9/11 remembrance observance at 8:30 a.m. in the Camp Shelby Chapel. The event is open to military and civilian personnel and military families.
There will be speeches by soldiers that answered the call to military duty after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. ...


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1994 Isuzu Amigo • 192,000 miles
94 4x4 works great just limited slip rearends is there a way to make all four tires pull when in four wheel drive.
December 8, 2012.
December 8, 2012.
As far as I know both rear ends are limited slip. I got her stuck the other day and only 1 tire on each rearend was spinning
Dec 15, 2012.
Dec 15, 2012.
I purchased a new tire gauge and would like to determine the true pressure based on the reading, the outdoor temperature, and the number of miles traveled immediately before testing. ...
1 answer • 2008 Hyundai Elantra • 74,150 miles
I wanna upgrade my tires from stock to 16" rims, question is what width and offset i need for the bigger rims to make it work? Further, what's the bolt pattern of the stock tires? Your ...
1 answer • 1998 Toyota Revo • 165,000 miles
I purchased a set of tires for my EXT and after installing them, I noticed the "Service Tire Monitor" appeared on the dash. The people did not know how to reset, pls advise how I may ...
2 answers • 2004 Cadillac Escalade Ext • 101,010 miles
2LT AWD...The original set of Goodyear Fortera tires lasted 46000 miles before cupping and becoming really loud. I switched to the Cooper CS4 Touring (60,000 mile tread life) from ...
3 answers • 2009 Chevrolet Traverse • 79,000 miles


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Welcome To Hold Me Tight Workshop
Do you want to feel more accepted by your partner and
have less conflict in your relationship?
Would you like to feel like your partner is more
accessible, responsive and engaged with you?
Is it time to improve your relationship and learn how to communicate
in new ways that promote better understanding and closeness?
We can help you in our Couples Workshop!
Hold Me Tight Workshop with
Dr Michelle Gannon & Dr Sam Jinich
Register Today for Hold Me Tight Workshop:
Dr. Michelle Gannon and Dr. Sam Jinich are Clinical Psychologists, Individual and Couples Therapists and Couples Workshop Leaders in San Francisco. They both have over 20 years of experience helping people improve and enhance their relationships.
Sam is a Certified Trainer, Supervisor and Therapist in Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT). Michelle is a Certified Supervisor and Therapist in Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT). Sam and Michelle love working with individuals and couples who desire better relationships. Their professional expertise is in helping people develop more secure, close connections with each other.
Both Sam and Michelle teach and supervise other therapists about Attachment Theory and Emotionally Focused Therapy at the San Francisco Center for Emotionally Focused Therapy (SFCEFT).
They love bringing Attachment Theory and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) to couples in their Hold Me Tight Workshop. This Couples Workshop is supportive, safe, practical and positive.
Dr Sue Johnson developed the Hold Me Tight program based on Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) and her bestselling book, Hold Me Tight, Seven Conversations for a Lifetime of Love.
Dr Sue Johnson is the primary developer of Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) which has demonstrated its effectiveness in over 25 years of peer-reviewed clinical research. It's outstanding success has been heralded in many scientific journals, professional magazines and media such as New York Times and Psychology Today.
The focus of EFT is to help partners to understand more clearly each other's deepest emotions. Feelings are often hidden, unexpressed or misunderstood. Our relationships can be a cause of stress and pain or a source of comfort and joy. In EFT, we help couples learn how to deal with their feelings together, reach towards each other, and be responsive in more loving and positive ways.
The GREAT news is that we are now bringing the EFT model to you in our Hold Me Tight Couples Weekend Workshop that will be Effective, Safe, Supportive, and Validating. Most importantly, the weekend will be Positive, Proactive and FUN! The tools you learn will continue to serve your relationship long after this weekend.
At our Hold Me Tight Workshop,
you will learn and experience how to:
- Affirm strengths in your relationship
- Address negative interaction patterns
- Understand more clearly each other's emotions
- Recognize underlying reasons for your conflicts
- Learn how to repair and forgive
- Enhance your emotional and physical closeness
- Improve your communication
- Be more accessible, responsive and emotionally engaged with each other (A.R.E.)
Please Select a Couples Workshop Location for Details & Registration
Leaders will be:
Dr Michelle Gannon and Dr Sam Jinich
$695 per Couple
January 23-24, 2016
$695 per Couple
February 13-14, 2016
April 16-17, 2016
Pricing based on Esalen accommodations
June 24-26th, 2016
July 10-15th, 2016
Register Today for Hold Me Tight Workshop:
Hold Me Tight Workshop Couples Testimonials
We are now strong converts to the couples therapy and the scientific approach that Sam and Michelle lead, and we both give it the strongest recommendation possible. It would be hard to find a more empathetic, but knowledgeable team than Sam and Michelle. They are superstars in focusing the training on each couple. This is an incredible course for people who want a better relationship, pure and simple.
– H and M, Los Angeles, California
We had the pleasure of attending the Hold Me Tight Workshop led by Dr. Michelle Gannon and Dr. Sam Jinich. I can say without any doubt that it was of great benefit to our relationship.
The Hold Me Tight Workshop combined teaching us about attachment, demon dialogues/negative patterns and cycles and most importantly, the time for the couples in attendance to have the deep healing/bonding conversations.
ALL couples would benefit greatly from the Hold Me Tight Workshop. For couples that are struggling or stuck, it is CRUCIAL.
– Donnovan, San Francisco Bay Area
We were co-managing roommates with three children-not lovers or devoted friends even. We were having regular breakdowns so when our therapist recommended we attend the workshop to add momentum to our couples therapy, we decided to come.
There were lots of poignant and funny visual aids and lots of time to really apply what we learned to our personal relationship specifically. We loved the engaging, nurturing, present and devoted attitude of Michelle and Sam plus all of the assisting therapists. I learned that my husband really cares about my biggest issues in our marriage, is deeply sorry and totally committed to making it great again.
– Heather, Sebastopol
We attended the Hold Me Tight Workshop with Sam and Michelle because we just read Sue Johnson's book Hold Me Tight, and thought "Hmm, wouldn't it be fun to take a Couples Workshop like this together to practice all this stuff?
Before we participated in the Hold Me Tight Workshop, I did however, from time to time, wonder whether there was a better way to connect even deeper through a communication style that would speak straight to the soul of my partner and feel an unearthly heavenly connection with each other?
Well, Sam and Michelle's Hold Me Tight Workshop is just that- a safe place to allow us explore that connection that we all carry among us, but don't know quite how to get to!
– Lena & Felipe, Santa Cruz, CA
Interview with Dr Michelle Gannon & Dr Sam Jinich about
Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) & Hold Me Tight Workshop


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Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Employed as Seeds for the Induction of Microcrystalline Diamond Synthesis
1 Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA
2 Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA
3 Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA
Nanoscale Research Letters 2008, 3:65-70 doi:10.1007/s11671-008-9117-5Published: 24 January 2008
Iron nanoparticles were employed to induce the synthesis of diamond on molybdenum, silicon, and quartz substrates. Diamond films were grown using conventional conditions for diamond synthesis by hot filament chemical vapor deposition, except that dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles replaced the seeding. X-ray diffraction, visible, and ultraviolet Raman Spectroscopy, energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy , electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to study the carbon bonding nature of the films and to analyze the carbon clustering around the seed nanoparticles leading to diamond synthesis. The results indicate that iron oxide nanoparticles lose the O atoms, becoming thus active C traps that induce the formation of a dense region of trigonally and tetrahedrally bonded carbon around them with the ensuing precipitation of diamond-type bonds that develop into microcrystalline diamond films under chemical vapor deposition conditions. This approach to diamond induction can be combined with dip pen nanolithography for the selective deposition of diamond and diamond patterning while avoiding surface damage associated to diamond-seeding methods.


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By Alice Lynton on January 26, 2013 at 9:26 am
All John Smedley's pre-launch talk of an eSports focus for Planetside 2 seems to have finally born fruit. Sony Online Entertainment has announced a partnership with Major League Gaming, one of the US's most prominent eSports organisations, to add the MMOFPS to the latter's 2013 roster. The initial deal between the two spans one year, but the Planetside 2 team promises that its work with MLG over the next few months will help lay the foundations for "a long-term eSports initiative".
The deal will spawn streams and other forms of online programming, online competition via MLG's GameBattles, and Planetside 2 as part of events such as the upcoming Winter Championship in Dalas in March, the first event in MLG's 2013 Pro Circuit.
The partnership should work well for the MMO, keeping the community healthy by attracting new players. Not many of us make the jump to pro gaming, but the existence of local Planetside 2 servers mean you have little excuse for not sharpening your skills. Should an Aussie tournament crop up, I expect to see some of you on the front lines for the Republic/Conglomerate/Sovereignty [delete as appropriate].
Source: Press release
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text:
May 2006 - V1 I3
Jared Carter is a careful
writer. So much so, that he gives every detail the attention it deserves, and the results are apparent in his
finely crafted poems and stories. I had the opportunity to work with Jared on several projects for this Spring issue, and
it afforded me a brief glimpse into this man's probing mind, and equally charitable heart. He denies being "a hearts and
flowers kind of guy", but nonetheless, much of his work touches upon plants and gardening, as do the poems showcased here
on his Poems page. And Gram Davies' review of Jared's new book also reveals the empathetic viewpoints of a man with a tender
side. Despite an admitted preference for looking forward, Jared Carter often looks back long enough to give us the gifts
of his – and our history's – memories.
~ E . A. Hanninen
Editor of The Centrifugal Eye,
Eve Anthony Hanninen asks
Poet & Writer, Jared Carter:
EAH: Despite a world
that's becoming increasingly dependent upon electronic culture, books still seem to matter. Especially to writers. What books
have you read recently?
JC: I've just finished Doris Kearns Goodwin's Team of Rivals, which is about Lincoln's cabinet during
the Civil War. It's a major work. She ought to be a shoo-in for the next Pulitzer Prize in history.
Featured Poet
for Spring 2006
Jared Carter
Jared's Poems
Review-- Cross this Bridge at a Walk
Return to Back Issues Index
Copr. 2005-2014 The Centrifugal Eye - Collected Works. All Rights Reserved.


text:
- Online 0 locations
- On DVD 0 available
- On TV 0 showings
- Cast & Credits 1 person
- Episode Guide 224 episodes
Episode Guide
- Backtrolling Bonanza
Bill shows back-trolling techniques for catching trout in a drift boat, late in the season.
- Wink Whitney
A memorial to videographer Wink Whitney brings back funny clips of the sportsman.
- Sharkin' on the Flats
Flats guide Ruben Lee shows Bill how to catch black-tip and lemon sharks off the Keys.
- Deep Trolling 101
Bill gives valuable information on the catching of lake trout.
- Dick Hyde's Traveling Bass Show
Dick Hyde's antics entertain as he and Bill fish for smallmouth bass.
- Kings With Captain Shan
Bill and Captain Shan Bissell fish for August salmon in Lake Ontario.
- Blue Water Sails & Dolphin
Tom Hamilton, Mike Murphy and Bill battle sailfish and dolphin off the Florida Keys.
- In Search of Great Lakers
Bill and a rod-and-reel team fish for trout in Lake Ontario.
- Gator Boy
Bill, Jim Rehley and Jim's son search for walleye but find a pocket of northern pike.
- Breakfast Browns
Aboard the Cold Steel, Bill and guide Tom Burke use spring techniques to land Lake Ontario brown trout.
- Breakfast Browns
Aboard the Cold Steel, Bill and guide Tom Burke fish for Lake Ontario brown trout before breakfast.
- Season Premiere
Bill anticipates the season's episodes of king salmon, brown trout, sailfish and shark.
- Ocean Reef Yellow Tails
Saltwater fishing in Key Largo, Fla., for yellowtail snapper, mangrove snapper and blue runners.
- Caio Catfish
Fishing the Po River in Italy for monster catfish.
- The Sky's the Limit
Fishing Lake Ontario for lake trout, Atlantic salmon, brown trout and Coho salmon.
- Brook Trout of Wedge Hills
Fishing for Quebec reds on the George River in Northern Quebec.
- Giant Beneath the Falls!
Pursuing lakers in Lake Sabrina and brook trout and lake trout in other river systems.
- The Fishing Gentleman!
Lake Ontario's Captain Paul Baldwin talks about fishing and shares some tips.
- Gators and Eyes
Isolating pike and walleye; floating jigs for walleye; filleting technique.
- Crashing the Bait!
Staging king salmon smash bait rigs during late August and September.
- Lake Trout: Low and Slow!
Techniques used to put baits in front of big fish during the summer.
- Hot Zone Kings
King salmon fishing in the shipping lanes of Lake Ontario; spoon techniques; terminal tackle.
- Do You Believe in Ghosts?
Spring brown trout action at the southern shore of Lake Ontario.
- The Seasom Premiere
Host Bill Saiff III previews upcoming episodes.
- Bill's Farewell
Bill's final episode.
- Red Drum on the Rocks
Redfish fishing along the jetties and break-walls of the Mississippi.
- Wapus Waterwolves
Taking advantage of northern pike action.
- The Monster in Danger Bay
A return to Lac Shingle in search of northern pike.
- Attack at Water Wolf Bay
Bill meets a caribou while fishing for pike.
- Potpourri on the Midnight Lump
Searching for tuna; guest Dave Ballay battles with a shark.
- Walleyes at Oasis du Gouin
- Teach 'em Young
Trout; teaching children to appreciate the outdoors.
- Atlantic Salmon Adventure
Trolling techniques for catching Atlantic salmon with flies; flipping spoons in fast current.
- The Contest Winners
The winners of a children's fishing contest join host Bill Saiff for an afternoon of catching lake trout.
- Loving a Fat Free Diet
Snook fishing near Cape Canaveral, Fla.; using fat-free shad lures.
- Loving a Fat Free Diet
Surf-trolling off the coast of Florida for jack cravell, redfish, flounder and snook.
- Boys vs. Girls
A fishing contest erupts between two veteran fishermen and their less-experienced female friends.
- Mississippi Mixed Bag
Fishing around the oil rigs at the mouth of the Mississippi River.
- Classy Ladies
Lake trout.
- Caniapiscau Lakers
Fishing for northern pike, land-locked salmon and lake trout in the Caniapiscau Reservoir.
- The Queen of Kings
Landing a king salmon in the waters of Lake Ontario.
- No Small Adventure
Boulders and beaver dams don't prevent a good day of fishing for walleye and northern pike on the Cobanga Reservoir.
- How Do You Like Me Now?
Fishing for cold water lake trout in Henderson Harbor.
- To Catch a Wave
Fishing for snook in rough waters off the coast of Florida.
- Lake Ontario Triple-Header
Brown trout; steelhead; salmon.
- Explo-Sylva's Delay River Adventure
Brook trout; salmon.
- Bass on the Top
Bill fishes a pond.
- The Forgotten-Two
Brown trout.
- Charlie Campbell on Small Mouth
Smallmouth bass.
- Fishing for Footballs
Brown trout.
- Waterwolves at the Surface
Fishing for northern pike at the Caniapiscau Reservoir.
- Rods, Camera, Action
Using a bass lure to catch landlocked salmon in northern Quebec.
- Rods, Camera, Action
Fishing for landlocked salmon and brook trout at Club Cap Natashquan in northern Quebec.
- Prince and the Shark
Guest Joe Prince tempts a shark with bait while fishing for tuna.
- Here Comes the Neighborhood
A family fishing trip lands a muskellunge and two king salmon.
- Class of '55
High-school friends have fun on Lake Ontario while fishing for salmon.
- Gotta-Bite Reds in the Reeds
Fishing in for red fish in Louisiana with fishing professional Bill Murray.
- Rooting for Walleyes
Bill Saiff invites his friend Charlie Root fishing where he scores big in smallmouth bass despite physical limitations.
- Dogs, Kids and Waterwolf Pups
A young boy joins Bill Saiff on the water to showcase his fishing skills.
- In Search of the Waterwolf
Fishing for Northern pike on Lac Perdu, Quebec.
- A Great Day Outdoors
The hosts of 'Great Day Outdoors' go fishing for trout.
- Walleyes to Monster Pike
Bill is on the hunt for monster pike and walleyes with Michel Mahue and Julie Fenton.
- Just Another Ducky Day
Practical jokes abound while fishing on Lake Ontario.
- Kids at Heart
Brown trout; auction winners.
- Senior on Stripers
A former Texas conservation officer takes the crew fishing for striped bass on Texas' Lake Spence.
- Teaching Young Guides Old Tricks
Catching Arctic char and land-locked salmon at Club Cap Natashquan.
- Adventure Pike
A Kansan comes to northern Quebec to fish for pike.
- Ciao Catfish
Catching catfish in northern Italy's Po River.
- Pop R's With Zell Rowland
Fishing for bass at the 777 Ranch in southern Texas.
- Now and Then: Season Premiere
A preview of the upcoming season that covers fishing from Ontario to Quebec, the United States to Italy.
- Should've Been Here Tuesday
Brown trout.
- Down on the Harbor
Brown trout; lake trout; planer boards; down riggers.
- Talk Tackle to Me
Technical tips; bait; brown trout.
- Talk Tackle to Me
Sodus, N.Y.; brown trout; planer-board.
- Show Me the Trophy
Taxidermist Marty Taylor; trophies.
- Life in the Fast-Trolling Lane
Sodus, N.Y.; Lake Ontario.
- Out-Fished at Wedge Hills
George River in Quebec.
- Fishing Up Memories
Family memories.
- Dad Takes a Break
Chinook salmon; Lake Ontario.
- The Fish Files
- The Tarpon Hunter
- Riding the Reading Express
Lake trout; walleye; Lake Ontario.
- A Whopper to Go
Brook trout.
- The Monster in Danger Bay
Northern pike.
- No Small Adventure
Walleye; northern pike; Canada.
- To Catch a Wave
Snook in Florida.
- Don't Mess With the King
Chinook salmon; walleye.
- Loving a Fat Free Diet
Snook; shad lures.
- Loving a Fat Free Diet
Redfish; flounder; snook; shad lures.
- Home Sweet Home
Brown trout; Lake Ontario; El Nino.
- The Mighty Big O
Family fishing; favorite lure.
- The Cramer Expedition
Walleye; Lake Ontario.
- Braving the Elements
Northern pike; walleye.
- Return of the Cape Crusaders
Striped bass; Cape Cod Bay.
- It's a Shore Thing: Season Premiere
Snook; walleye; salmon; trout; tarpon; bass.
- A Walk Down Memory Lane
Halibut; Alaska; tuna; shark; Florida; tarpon.
- Bar Hopping in Niagara Falls
Niagara River; lake trout.
- Bar Hopping in Niagara Falls
Niagara River; lake trout.
- Fishing for Walleyes Rain or Shine
Walleye; bait.
- Venice Red Snapper
Gulf of Mexico; red snapper; saltwater fish.
- Louisiana Large Mouths
Largemouth bass; freshwater reservoir; Mississippi.
- Potpourri on the Midnight Lump
Gulf of Mexico; shark; tuna; chumming.
- The Spot Contest, Year 2
Redfish; Mississippi bayou; deer.
- Prelude to Venice
Redfish; tuna; largemouth bass; red snapper; wild weather.
- Fishing With the Physically Challenged
Lake Ontario; king salmon; lake trout.
- Caniapiscau Lakers
Land-locked salmon; lake trout.
- Walleyes at Oasis du Gouin
- Stripe Bass With the Cape Crusaders
Downrigger techniques; striped bass.
- Can the Managers Cut the Mustard?
Lake Ontario.
- Brookies and Eyes
Brook trout; walleyes.
- Kids Catch a Walleye
Lake Ontario walleye.
- Explo-Sylva's Delayed River Adventure
Brook trout; salmon.
- Techniques for the Lunker Laker
Lunker lake trout.
- Waterwolves at the Surface
Northern pike.
- Walleyes on Worms
- Atlantic Salmon Adventure
Atlantic salmon; trolling techniques.
- Wapus Waterwolves
Northern pike.
- Cape Cod Stripers
Ocean stripers.
- Ladies Night Out in the Morning
Walleyes of Lake Ontario.
- Frankie P. and Frankie D.
Northern pike; walleye; boning techniques.
- Dogs, Kids, and Waterwolf Pups
Northern pike.
- In Your Tackle Box
Bass; northern pike; lures.
- Bombers and Boards
Walleye and pike.
- Red Snapper at the Rigs
Red snapper in Louisiana.
- Fighting Labien Lakers
Caribou hunt; trout.
- Having Fun on the Top Gun
Brown trout and chinook salmon.
- Red Drum on the Rocks
Redfish on the Mississippi.
- Popping Cork Reds
Popping corks; live bait.
- Salmon for the Maine-Iacs
King salmon on Lake Ontario.
- Mississippi Mixed Bag
Fishing the mouth of the Mississippi.
- Cocodrie Redfish
Red drum in Louisiana.
- Rockfish With a Legend
Striped bass in New Hampshire.
- Benny's First King
The hunt for king salmon.
- Gotta-Bite Reds in the Reeds
Louisiana redfish.
- Attack at Water Wolf Bay
Bill meets a caribou while fishing for pike.
- Sleepless From Seattle
Bill and a young guest catch bass.
- Sight-Bass in Winni
Fishing for bass in New Hampshire.
- Quebec Surf & Turf
Bill's daughter hunts caribou and casts for brook trout.
- In Search of the Water Wolf
Fishing for northern pike in Quebec.
- Rock Fish on a Rogue
Striper-fishing in Portsmouth, N.H.
- River on the Mend
Fish return to the Merrimac River.
- Ladies and the Lakers
Bill and his wife fish and hunt caribou.
- Youngster Meets the Legend
Charlie Ragonese shares fishing skills.
- Fillets in a Skillet
Quebec's lake trout and northern pike.
- Ste. Rose du Nord
Ice-fishing for cod and perch in Quebec.
- Season Teaser
An overview of the '97 series.
- The Ted Thibault Show
Lake trout; Lake Ontario.
- Let's Try Ray's Bay
Northern pike.
- Lady's Day on the Rod & Reel
Lake trout.
- In Search of Fish
Northern pike.
- A Spring Day in Stony Creek
Northern pike; smallmouth bass.
- Boilin' Bass
Chaumont, N.Y.; largemouth bass.
- Bass on Triple Seven Ranch
Texas; largemouth bass.
- Airlift to Brookies
Northern Quebec; brook trout.
- A Hard Day at Club Rudy's
Pike; fishing techniques.
- Northern Pike at Lac Pardue
Quebec's Lac Pardue; northern pike.
- Holes in Hard Water
Lac St. Pierre; ice-fishing; pike; perch; walleye.
- Fishermen's Reunion
Lake Ontario; salmon fishing.
- From Here to Eternite
Quebec; ice-fishing.
- Quebec Mixed Bag
Quebec; brook/lake trout; how to filet a pike.
- Lovelace on Wolf Creek
Wolf Creek; walleye; bass; stripers; catfish.
- Essay on the Salmon River
Salmon River, N.Y.; winter steelhead fishing.
- Brookies at the Denis Camp
Quebec; wilderness camp; brook trout.
- Class of '55
Lake Ontario; salmon.
- Adventure Pike
Quebec; northern pike.
- Pop Rs With Zell Rowland
Largemouth bass; the 777 Ranch, Texas; fishing lures.
- Steelhead for Steve
Steelhead; lake trout; Lake Ontario.
- Return to Danger Bay
Danger Bay; Club Rudy; northern pike.
- Hayden at Wolf Creek
Wolf Creek Reservoir; walleye; stripers; black bass.
- Lake Trout at Lac Perdu
Quebec; Lac Perdu; lake trout.
- Going to the Refrigerator
Canada's Club Rudy; brook trout.
- Little Matt the Fishin' Rat
Lake Ontario; salmon fishing.
- Bass on Lake Champlain
Annual tournament.
- Bass on Lake St. Catherine
Black bass; jigs.
- Tips on Trout
Lake trout.
- Worms! On the Rod & Reel?
Crappies; largemouth bass; pike.
- Leonard's Pond
Making and stocking ponds.
- The Hookin' Judge
Kansas pond.
- White Bass on Fall River
White bass in Kansas.
- The Bass Pro's Approach
- Charlie Campbell on Small Mouth
Smallmouth bass.
- Weighting of the Rogue
Smallmouth bass; derby.
- Tim Hughes on Custom Lures
Custom lures.
- Learning to Fly
- Buying the Right Rod & Reel
Sporting goods store.
- Good Tackle, Big Fish
Sporting goods store.
- A Tarpon Spectacular
- Mixed Bag at Camp Adventure
Pike; lake trout.
- Tips for Trophies
Lures and reels.
- Gray Trout
- Walleyes to Monster Pike
Walleye; pike.
- Take a Kid Fishing
Children's contest.
- Brookies at Rudy's
Brook trout; walleye.
- Haulin' on Halibut
Halibut in Alaska.
- Fresh Air, Kids & Fish
Lake Ontario.
- Camp Adventure Northern Pike
- Cook Inlet, Alaska
Halibut; salmon.
- Blue Skies & Brookies
- Fall Smallmouth
Bait and a slow presentation entice bass in the St. Lawrence River.
- Bay of Quinte
Bay of Quinte; subsurface-twitching technique; suspended rogue.
- Alaskan Salmon-Spinner Techniques
Anchor Point, Alaska; Alaskan-designed spinners; salmon.
- Tricks for Bass
Bass fishing on Table Rock Lake; professional Stacy King describes his techniques.
- Rainbow for Jennie
Bill fishes for rainbow trout with 7-year-old Jennie.
- Large Mouth at Indian Creek
Bass fishing; 1994 Nitro Bass Boat.
- Tough Day on Table Rock
Guide Mike Sauter fishes for large-mouth bass.
- Rainbows in Dogwood Canyon
Trout fishing.
- Bass at Big Cedar
Table Rock Lake, Ky.; the benefits of using the Excalibur hook.
- Jetting the Klamath
Fishing for steelheads in the rapids of the Klamath River in northern California.
- Glo-Bugs on the Matole
Jeff Freeman teaches Bill the technique of tying 'glo-bugs.'
- Steelhead on the Eel
Guide Jeff Freeman fishes for steelhead on the Eel River in northern California.
- Drifting the Salmon
Drift boating; bank fishing.
- Steelhead for Bill
More steelhead fishing on the Salmon River in northern New York.
- Steelhead for Two
Guide Gary Edwards fishes for steelhead on the Salmon River in northern New York.
- Salmon for Wayne
Fishing for salmon in Lake Ontario.
- Sidekicks on Bass
Bass pros Doug Snowden and Charlie Bowers.
- Women and Walleye
Bill fishes for walleye on Lake Ontario with two Arkansas couples.
- Ottawa Bass and Pike
Bill fishes for black bass and walleye with Ottawa Bass Club members.
- West Texas Boys Ranch
West Texas Boys Ranch students fish for largemouth bass.
- Noodle Rods for Lake Trout
Downrigging for lake trout with noodle rods.
- Senior on Stripers
Fishing for striped bass on Spence Lake, Texas.
- Whiskers and Walleye
Bill catches a catfish while fishing for walleye.
- Kids Can Teach Too
A youngster fishes for bass.
- Lake Trout for the Brothers
Fishing for lake trout in the cold waters of Lake Ontario.
- Bassin' With Bower
Fishing on Lake Ivy, Texas, for largemouth bass.


text:
How to make an origami heart
If you're trying to learn how to make an origami heart, this diagram will teach you in just one page. There's nothing like a handmade gift to bring joy to the special someone in your life. That special someone can be a spouse, a sibling, your parents, or a good friend, whomever it may be, they'll be happy that you spent a little time and effort on them.
If you enjoy making this origami heart, check out the other origami hearts available.
Follow the instructions below to make this Origami Heart
Difficulty: Easy
Difficulty: Easy
|Step 1: Start with a square piece of origami paper with white side up. If you only have regular 8.5x11 paper, follow these instructions to make it into a square sheet.
|Step 2: Fold the paper in half by folding the top corner to the bottom corner, then unfold.
|Step 3: Fold the left corner to the right corner, then unfold.
|Step 4: Fold the top corner to the center.
|Step 5: Fold the bottom corner to the top edge.
|Step 6: Fold the bottom left and right edges to the center crease.
|Step 7: Fold the top and side corners back.
Now you know how to make an origami heart! Easy wasn't it?
Submitted by Emily
Submitted by Shamith Pasula
Show off your origami! Email your origami photo to email@example.com!


text:
- Filed Under
As a mother of four with a professional background in economics, I am committed to high academic standards and focusing education dollars on teaching and learning. Although there have been challenges over the past 2 1/2 years while serving on the Buncombe County school board, progress is being made in four key areas: promoting the voice of the public, increasing transparency, improving fiscal responsibility and creating safer, healthier schools, as elaborated below:
? Promoting the voice of the public:
Your concerns come first: Public comment has been moved from the end to the beginning ...


text:
Shoreline Entertainment takes world sales on The Zombinator
Sergio Myers' action film stars Patrick Kilpatrick and Joseph Aviel. Shoreline will kick off sales at the AFM next week.
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text:
Sep 25, 2013 (07:09 AM EDT)
Federal IT Staffing Mess: Budget Chaos + Aging Workforce
Read the Original Article at InformationWeek
It's not that the federal government hasn't been hiring people. The number of permanent federal IT employees is up 20% since 2008, in part to support growing cybersecurity demands in federal agencies. Despite a series of federal budget cuts including the sequestration this year, the number of permanent federal IT employees has increased steadily every year since 2008, from 67,300 to nearly 81,000 as of September 2012, and the growth only leveled off in the first quarter of 2013, according to figures from the Office of Personnel Management (OPM).
And the federal government is offering competitive wages. Government IT staffers today are better paid than many in IT, contrary to popular wisdom, ranking 10th among 30 U.S. industries, according to InformationWeek's 2013 Salary Survey. While government IT managers don't fare as well because they aren't eligible for the same kinds of bonuses as their private-sector peers, they still rank in the middle (16th) in terms of total compensation out of 30 industries surveyed.
But three years of salary freezes and broadening uncertainty about the future funding of many government programs have taken their toll on federal employees. That uncertainty grows more entrenched each year as Congress lunges from one stop-gap funding measure to another -- and as lawmakers once again threaten to leave 2.1 million federal employees on the brink of a government shutdown Oct. 1.
[ Is it going to get even worse? See Sequestration II: Expect Budget Rollercoaster In 2014. ]
Those and other factors have spurred the largest wave of retirements across the federal government in nearly two decades, with about 80,000 federal employees -- about 5% of the workforce -- expected to retire this year, according to OPM. It also is prompting many mid-level federal IT specialists, in particular, to look elsewhere for work.
Of greater concern to many government IT experts, however, is the resulting makeup of the federal IT workforce. Agencies are being left with a disproportionate number of older IT workers who know how to run legacy systems, and a shortage of younger workers who've grown up in the age of Web-based and mobile computing and who represent the next generation of federal IT leaders.
View larger
The Bathtub Effect
An analysis by InformationWeek of federal employment data reveals that 46% of the 80,919 IT workers permanently employed by the federal government as of September 2012 were age 50 or older -- including a significant number (more than 10%) who were 60 or older. The rest of the workforce breaks down like this: 32% were 40-49; 17% were 30-39; and 4% were under 30.
Put into starker relief: There are now nearly 11 times more federal IT workers aged 50 or above than there are IT employees under the age of 30 -- up from nine times more just two years earlier.
"We're seeing the retirement wave pick up at a measurable pace. And we know the 40-to-50-year-old cohort is the lowest it's been in 10 years," said Stan Soloway, president and chief executive of the Professional Services Council, which represents the contracting community. "So you're having a diminished workforce -- and (an emptying) bathtub in the middle ranks," said Soloway. "It's not pretty."
Van Hitch, who retired as Justice Department CIO in 2011 and now works for Deloitte Consulting, is among veteran federal executives who believe the structural gaps in staffing pose serious concerns for senior management.
"The move to the cloud and IT services may offset the loss of some of the back-office IT technicians," he said. But "it will also accentuate the need for skills currently in short supply," especially for cybersecurity, project management and acquisition.
"I believe declining budgets and the move toward the cloud and IT services are not blips, but long-term trends that CIOs must plan for over the foreseeable future," Hitch said. The loss of IT talent "could hurt agencies in accomplishing their missions," unless agencies "find ways to challenge and reward their best performers and manage the overall attrition of the workforce."
Collateral Damage
The budget turmoil is spilling over into the government contracting community, which historically fills the gaps when government talent is in short supply.
Conventional system integrators and IT service providers, from Lockheed Martin to IBM and many others, have repositioned themselves quickly to provide IT services for tasks such as helping agencies move their operations to the cloud and securing data for an increasingly mobile workforce. But long-term uncertainty over program funding, and a more cutthroat contracting environment, are creating problems for contractors trying to hold onto government business -- and their best talent.
"There seems to be very little awareness in Congress of the chaos in budgeting right now," said Soloway, and the impact that's having on agencies, contractors and their employees. That chaos, he and others believe, is straining agencies already under budgetary duress and will make it hard to attract and harder to hire the IT talent the government sector needs to operate more efficiently.
"There's a massive battle for talent, particularly between Wall Street and Silicon Valley," said Soloway. "Government contractors are competing against that." Because of the political uncertainty around budgets, contractors aren't so much "losing their talent to other contractors, but to the outside world."
Soloway, as someone representing government contractors, has a particular dislike for the growing use of "lowest price, technically acceptable" (LPTA) contracts.
"It's not just a theory, it's a legal construct" that requires agencies to award contracts to the company that offers the lowest price, as long as it meets the minimum technical qualifications, said Soloway. What began as a contracting method designed to drive down government's costs has in many cases led to government IT projects being performed by companies frequently derided as "bottom feeders," with the talent and results to match, said Soloway.
Linda Rix, co-CEO of Avue Technologies, which specializes in government hiring, estimates that for every IT worker employed by the government, there is a second IT specialist working for a contractor on a government project. A loss or lowering of talent in the contracting community is likely to have a material impact on the quality and timeliness of federal IT work, Soloway and others believe.
"There's no doubt LPTA is becoming the dominant acquisition strategy for government," said Soloway. He warned that unless federal agencies rethink their acquisition approaches, the caliber of contractors willing to work with the government will decline, as will the pool of talent they employ.
Surge In Retirements
The shifts in the federal IT workforce are playing out against a backdrop of federal employees retiring in large numbers not seen since the Clinton administration, which offered early retirement incentives as part of its "reinvent government" campaign. With nearly 30% of all executive-branch workers eligible to retire by 2016, fed watchers worry that the government is about to lose a significant amount of management expertise and institutional knowledge.
Office of Personnel Management (OPM) associate director Angela Bailey isn't necessarily among them. Bailey has lived through three decades of retirement cycles in government and has learned that "retirement is a very personal decision," and not as much a function of eligibility as many believe. She also believes that experience is relative.
"If you have someone with a lot of COBOL experience, just because they're retiring with a wealth of institutional knowledge doesn't mean that's the knowledge we need going forward" as agencies move into more modern programming languages and cloud-based software. What does matter, Bailey said, is whether agency executives are "looking forward over the next three to five years at 'what talent do I need and how do I get it.'"
Bailey does think the wave of retirements is fueled by perceptions of government, and that makes it harder to retain and recruit high-performing employees. The "constant fed bashing and senseless sequestration" is wearing on those who put their "heart and soul into serving the American public ... especially those in leadership positions."
IT workers are retiring at a slower rate than federal workers generally, and that might stem from a decision dating back to 2001 to let agencies pay IT specialists wages that are more competitive with the private sector, said Ira Hobbs, who served as deputy CIO at the Department of Agriculture at the time. The effort was part of a broader pay modernization initiative by OPM that was championed by Hobbs, who now consults on workforce issues.
Hobbs looks beyond the age mix of IT workers. "It doesn't matter if your workforce is old or your workforce is young. In every workforce, you need a level of diversity," he said. "Don't lose sight of the experience your older workers bring in terms of training and mentoring. The question is, are they making things work more efficiently and are they prepared for the future?"
Hobbs concedes that the thinning ranks of mid-tier IT staffers will make it harder for agencies to implement new technology solutions in the future. "The older a workforce is, the more risk averse it is and that can cause stagnation," he said.
Managing The Workforce, Not Just IT
Karen Evans is among those who opted to retire from government, in January 2009, following the change in administrations and 20 years in federal service. Her oversight of the government's $70-plus billion in annual IT spending as head of electronic government and IT in the Office of Management and Budget gave her a rich perspective on the changing mix of federal IT workers.
"I was always looking at workforce issues. You want to make sure you're grooming the next generation of leaders -- that you have people who can fill in the ranks and understand the mission, as well as the technology to accomplish it," said Evans, now national director for the U.S. Cyber Challenge, a program aimed at developing the future cyber workforce.
"It's not so much the age gap, but gaps in the (federal employment) grade structure," that concern Evans. "The mid-level is what's critical," she said, in order to "have stability for the organization so the projects you're working on can cross over from administration to administration."
However, Evans isn't as concerned that agencies won't be able to attract new talent. "I never found ... even during the dot-com boom that I had a hard time competing with private industry," she said. People are drawn to the stability in government compared with the private sector, she said, and they like the project experiences and accountability they get in government. Finding enough talent to keep up with certain needs, such as cybersecurity, remains a pressing concern though.
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Feds Are Still Hiring
John Palguta, VP for policy and research at the Partnership for Public Service, has seen these cycles before. Yes, there are frustrations of working for the government and living with its uncertainties. Still, he notes that of nearly 89,700 people hired by the federal government in 2012, 5.3% of them were IT workers. That makes IT the fifth most actively recruited occupation in government (after medical, clerical, investigative and other specialty jobs) according to a new federal hiring report released by the nonprofit group Sept. 10.
Palguta also believes worries about the recent spike in retirements and the potential loss of experience has been overplayed in the media, when viewed from a historical perspective.
He does remain concerned, however, about declining employee satisfaction ratings. "Sequestration is still creating lots of problems," he said and making it harder for agencies to recruit the talent they need. "It's not a question of bringing in warm bodies. It's a matter of bringing in some of the best talent in the country to do these jobs," he said.