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Matamoros | Mexico City | Monterrey | Perote | Puebla | Tampico | Veracruz
Acapulco | Bacalar | Campeche | Carmen | Chamela | Champotón
Cozumel | Guadalajara | Mazatlán | Mérida | Isla Mezcala | San Blas
American WWII Air Defense Radar Stations
Spanish Presidios of Nueva Espańa Norte
Spanish Missions of Pimería Alta and Baja California
This page originally concerned United States Army occupied posts of the Mexican-American War.
This list makes no claim of completeness.
Pre-Columbian Indigenous American structures are too numerous to list here, and are not included.
Castillo de Chapultepec
(1783 - 1866), Mexico City
An old Spanish fortress on a 200-foot hill overlooking the city. Completed in 1840. It was taken by the Americans in September 1847 during the Mexican-American War. It contained a Mexican military school at the time, and was defended solely by the cadets. This is the "Halls of Montezuma" in the U.S. Marine Corps Hymn. Taken over by the French in 1863 by Archduke Maximilian. The Presidential Palace was built in 1866 by Maximilian for himself and his wife Carlota. It later served as the Mexican President's official residence until 1939. The Museo Nacional de Historia is now here. Admission fee.
Nearby in 1847 was the Ciudadela fortress, and also the fortified Casamata.
The city was first settled by the Spanish in 1521 on the ruins of the Aztec city Tenochtitlán, and a substantial Citadel was built by Hernán Cortés on Lake Texcoco, consisting of two strong towers with several gun embrasures and loopholes, connected by a work forming three arches from which ships could sail under. It was constructed from the stones of the Aztec temples. This was located in the present-day Zócalo (the main public square). Excavated sites in several areas have revealed foundation ruins.
Camp Contreras
(1847), Mexico City Federal District
A Mexican fortified camp near Churubusco which was taken by the Americans during the Mexican-American War.
Nearby in Coyoacan, the Franciscan Churubusco Convent (1678) was also fortified by General Santa Anna's forces. It was taken by the Americans in August 1847. The Museo Nacional de las Intervenciones (admission fee) is now located within the complex.
Castillo de San Juan de Ulúa (Espańol)
(1582 - 1917 ?), Veracruz
The Spanish first fortified Isla Gallega in 1535. The present structure was extensively rebuilt many times beginning in 1582 to 1707 - 1712. Modifications were made in 1762 and 1774. In the 1590's the fort consisted of a square tower connected by a 120 meter double curtain wall to a large half-bastion, all mounted with artillery. Large bronze rings were set into the ramparts to provide mooring for ships. English privateers John Hawkins and Francis Drake were repulsed here in 1568, but still returned home as heroes. The city was sacked by Dutch pirates in 1683. The city's capture by Mexican Patriots in November 1825 ended the last holdout of Spanish rule on mainland North America. Captured by the Americans in 1847 during the Mexican-American War. The French took the fort in 1862 before taking over the country under Maximilian. The United States Navy bombarded the fort and city in April 1914 prior to a brief occupation (April - November 1914). Now on the island are an arsenal, drydock, shipyard, and marine signal station. The dungeons and walks are open to the public, accessed via a free causeway from extensions of Avenidas Morelos and República. Admission fee to museum and archaeological zone.
Exploring Fort San Juan de Ulúa by John Todd, Jr. (English)
PHOTOS from Veracruz Tour Guide.com
Baluarte de Santiago
(1635), Veracruz
This bastion redoubt is the last remaining segment of the original fortification wall that surrounded the city, located on Francisco Canal Street, a few blocks from the customs house (Aduana Marítima). It was first constructed in 1635 in response to pirate raids, and took a beating when the Americans invaded in March 1847. A small museum is now located here (admission fee). There were once several other supporting redoubts along the wall, and a large fort on the west side of the city. The outer walls were demolished around 1880. Some fragments of the walls are still extant in a few locations throughout the city, including at the rear of the Convento de San Sebastian, and also near the Aduana Marítima.
Of interest nearby (about two blocks) at the former Mexican Naval Academy (Escuela Naval Militar) (1897 - 1952) is the Museo Histórico Naval (opened 1997), with exhibits and artifacts of the city fortifications. A small segment of the outer wall foundation has been unearthed in the museum courtyard.
The city was originally founded by the Spanish in 1519 at a site located 32 km (20 miles) north, at La Antigua, on Highway 180, and a Casa Fuerte was built at that time by Hernán Cortés. The city was relocated in 1599. A cannon marks the ruin of the stronghouse and church (La Ermita). General Santa Anna's army barracks (1835) are also here.
Castillo de San Carlos de Perote ?
(1770 - unknown), Perote, State of Veracruz
A Spanish four-bastioned moated fort, completed in 1777, was built here to serve as a fall back position should Veracruz fall. Texans captured on the 1843 Santa Fe Expedition were held here. Used as a hospital during the American occupation in 1847 - 1848. During WWII it housed German and Italian POWs. It was still used as a prison until 2007. At present it is not open to the public (?).
Puebla Forts
(1847, 1862), Puebla, State of Puebla
Fuerte de Loreto and Fuerte de Guadalupe are located just northeast of the city center, on opposing hilltops at the Plaza of the Americas. Fort Loreto was occupied by the American Army in October 1847. Fort Guadalupe was built after the Mexican War, at least by 1860. They both were later strongholds of the Mexican Army in 1862 under General Ignacio Zaragosa against a larger French force under General Charles de Lorencez. The defeat of the French here at the "Battle of Puebla" on May 5, 1862 has been celebrated as a regional holiday ever since ("Cinco de Mayo"). The French later returned and took the city in May 1863. Fuerte de Loreto now houses the Museum of Non-Intervention (admission fee).
Monterrey Fortifications
(1846), Monterrey, State of Nuevo Leon
Several Mexican works attacked and captured by the Americans in September 1846 included: Ciudadela, Fortin de la Teneria, Fortin de la Federación, and another small unnamed Fortin and several earthwork batteries near the city plaza and cathedral. The Bishop's Palace (El Obispado) (1787), located at the west end of Avenida Padre Mier, was a Mexican stronghold for two days after the city fell to the Americans. A museum is now located there (admission fee). The Americans were encamped nearby at Campo de Santo Domingo.
Tampico Forts
(1825 - unknown), Tampico, State of Tamaulipas
Fuerte de Andonega (date ?). The old fort is currently used as a prison, no public admittance.
Fort Iturbide (1825), a stone fort located on the east side of town at the Cortadura Channel between the Rio Pánuco and Carpenter's Lagoon. The American Navy captured the fort in the fall of 1846, which had already been abandoned by its garrison. The town was later garrisoned by General Taylor's troops through 1848 as a coastal supply base between Matamoros and Veracruz.
Fuerte de Casa Mata (1835), an adobe "strong house" once located at the present-day city newspaper building, linked by a tunnel to the Fuerte del Ocho, which is today a military hospital. In August 1866 this was the last French Army holdout during the French Intervention.
Fortin de La Barra (1862), a fortified entrenchment at La Barra on the south bank of the river.
Tampico During the French Occupation 1862 - 1866 from Así es Tampico
Of interest nearby in town at the former Maritime Customs House is the Museo La Victoria de Tampico de 1829 (admission fee), with exhibits on the Spanish military intervention of 1829.
1829 Exhibition from Así es Tampico
Brigadier Isidro Barradas' Armed Intervention of 1829 from Así es Tampico
The Victory of 1829 from Así es Tampico
El Fuerte Casamata
(1830 - 1860's ?), Matamoros, State of Tamaulipas
A small Mexican masonry blockhouse fort (or citadel), the last remaining defensive work of the town from the Mexican-American War. It was restored beginning in 1960. During the war the town was once ringed with trenchworks and parapets connecting eight redoubts and five smaller works. One of the redoubts fired on Fort Texas (Brown), Texas in April 1846, at the start of the conflict. The fort and town were then occupied by American troops throughout the war until 1848. The fort is now within the courtyard of the Museo Fuerte Casamata (admission fee), located at the town square (Plaza de la Independencia) at Calles Guatemala and Santos Degollado.
American WWII Air Defense Radar Stations
(1942 - 1943), State of Baja California (Norte)
During the early years of WWII the U.S. Army built and manned at least three SCR-270 early warning anti-aircraft radar stations along the coast of Baja California Norte, operated by the 654th AWS Company, to protect the southern approaches to San Diego, California. Known sites include Station B-92 at Punta Salispuedes, located 22 miles northwest of Ensenada (later moved to Alasitos, 36 miles south of Tijuana); Station B-94 at Punta San Jacinto, 60 miles south of Ensenada; and Station B-97 at Punta Estrella (Diggs), south of San Felipe on the Gulf of California (aka Sea of Cortez).
Spanish Presidios of Northern New Spain
(as listed in the "Reglamento de 1729")
See also pages for TEXAS, LOUISIANA, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA, and CALIFORNIA for other Spanish presidios.
Presidio de San Francisco Javier de Valero (1721), with outposts at San Juan Peyotán, Huaynamota (on Rio Huaynamota), Santo Domingo de Ixcatán, and Mesa del Tonati (now Mesa del Nayor).
Durango Post, a flying squadron that was moved to Canatlán in 1725.
Presidio del Pasaje (1685), on Rio Nazas northwest of Cuencamé.
Presidio de San Pedro del Gallo (1690's), in Gallo.
Presidio de Santiago de Mapimí (1715), in Mapimí.
Presidio de Santa Catalina de Tepehuanes (1620 - 1690's?), in Tepehuanes.
Presidio de San Miguel de Cerrogordo.
Presidio de Santa Rosa de Sacramento (proposed to be built in 1725 near Ojinaga).
Presidio de San Bartolomé (unknown - 1710), located 20km east of Parral. Replaced by flying squadron Post of Valle de San Bartolomé (1710 - unknown).
Presidio de San Francisco de Conchos.
Presidio de El Paso del Río Grande del Norte (1683 - 1773), at Ciudad Juárez. Relocated to Carrizal in 1773. See also Mission de Nuestra Seńora de Guadalupe
Presidio de San Felipe y Santiago de Janos (1685), in Janos. Town and mission founded in 1580, destroyed by Apache Indians in 1680. Mission rebuilt in 1717. Attacked again by Apaches in 1772. Chapel and Soldiers Barracks still remain.
Presidio de Casas Grandes (1685), was relocated to Janos in 1685.
Presidio de Santa Rosa de Corodéguachi (Fronteras) (1692), on Rio Moctezuma (Nacozari) in the San Bernardino Valley (Rancho San Bernardino), just south of the present-day border of Arizona. Relocated south to Fronteras in 1780. Ruins accessible on a hill on the west side of town.
Presidio de Sinaloa, on Rio Sinaloa at Sinaloa de Leyva.
El Fuerte, on Rio Fuerte.
Presidio de San Sebastian de Chametla (unknown - 1685), in Concordia.
Presidio de San Juan Bautista del Río Grande del Norte (1699 or 1705 ? - 1794), in Guerrero.
Saltillo Post, (town founded 1570's).
Presidio de Coahuila, in Monclova (town founded 1674).
Presidio de Santa Rosa de Sacramento (1737 - 1738), in Ciudad Acuńa, then relocated to Melchor Múzquiz. Relocated again to the north in 1772.
Nuevo Leon:
Presidio de San Gregorio de Cerralvo, (town founded 1626).
Presidio de San Juan Bautista de Cadereyta, (town founded 1637).
San Luis Potosi:
Post de Los Valles, in Ciudad Valles.
Other Spanish Presidios in Northern Mexico
(as listed in the "Reglamento de 1772" or other sources, not including those already listed above)
Presidios of the Frontier Line of 1772 from CA State Military Museum
Presidio de San Vicente, in San Vicente.
Presidio de Cerro Gordo (1772 ? - unknown).
Presidio de San Sabá - Aguaverde (1772 ? - unknown).
Presidio de San Carlos, near present-day Manuel Benavides.
Presidio del Norte (1760 - 1766, 1773 - 1865), in Ojinaga. Formally named Presidio del Norte de la Junta de los Rios. Also known as Presidio de Belén.
Presidio de Nuestra Seńora de las Caldas de Guajoquilla (1752 - 1773 ?), in Jiménez. Relocated to San Elizario, Texas.
La Junta Presidio (unknown dates), on the Rio Conchos at the Rio Grande. The town of Julimes was founded in 1777, after the presidio was abandoned (?) or relocated.
Presidio de San Buenaventura (1776 - unknown).
Presidio de San Felipe de Gracia Real de Terrenate (1742 - 1775), southeast of Lochiel, Arizona. Relocated in 1775 to present-day Fairbank, AZ (Quíburi Presidio). Relocated again to Las Nutrias in 1780.
Presidio de Santa Gertrudis del Altar (1755 - unknown), on Rio del Altar, near Tubutama ?
Baja California Sur:
Presidio de Loreto (1697 - unknown), in Loreto.
Spanish Missions of Pimería Alta (Sonora)
(from 1687 onward), various locations, State of Sonora
See also ARIZONA page 2 for other missions in Pimería Alta (Gadsden Purchase).
Nuestra Seńora de los Dolores de Cósari was founded by Jesuit missionary Father Eusebio Francisco Kino in March 1687. The mission church was built near the Pima settlement of Cósari, about 30 km north of Cucurpé. This mission was the mother mission of the Pimería Alta. By the late 1690's the mission consisted of a church, a carpentry shop, and a blacksmith's area. By 1744 it had had been abandoned. Only the cemetery remains today.
Nuestra Seńora de los Remedios de Doágibubig was founded in 1687 near the headwaters of the San Miguel River and was abandoned by 1730. Nothing remains of this mission.
San Ignacio de Cabúrica was founded in 1687, located in San Ignacio.
San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama was founded in 1691, located in Tubutama.
Nuestro Padre San Francisco de Átil was founded in 1697, located in the small town of Átil. The original mission was founded by Father Kino. Some buildings were later constructed by Jesuit missionary Jacobo Sedelmayer in 1730. In Jesuit records, the mission is called Los Siete Príncipes del Átil (The Seven Archangels of Átil). The name of the mission was changed when the Franciscan Order took over administration in 1768.
Santa María Magdalena was founded in 1691, located in Magdalena. Father Kino's grave (1711) is located here.
San José de Ímuris was founded in 1687, located in Ímuris.
Nuestra Seńora del Pilar y Santiago de Cocóspera was founded in 1689, located in Cocóspera.
San Antonio Paduano del Oquitoa was founded in 1689, located in Oquitoa.
San Diego del Pitiquito was founded in 1694, located in Pitiquito.
San Luis Bacoancos was founded in 1691, but was soon abandoned after Apache attacks.
San Lázaro was founded in 1691, but was soon abandoned after Apache attacks.
Santa Gertrudis del Sáric located in Sáric.
La Purísima Concepción de Nuestra Seńora de Caborca was founded 1694, located in Caborca.
Santa María Suamca was founded 1693.
Nuestra Seńora del Pópulo del Bisanig was founded 1693.
Nuestra Seńora de Loreto y San Marcelo de Sonoyta was founded 1693, located in Sonoita. This was the furthest west of the Sonoran missions.
Nuestra Seńora de la Ascención de Opodepe was founded 1704, located in Opodepe.
Los Santos Reyes de Cucurpé located in Cucurpé.
Nuestra Seńora de la Asunción de Arizpe located in Arizpe.
Nuestro Padre San Ignacio de Cuquiárachi
Spanish Missions of Baja California
(from 1683 onward, listed in chronological order of founding)
The Jesuits founded and administered the early missions until ordered withdrawn from Mexico in 1768. The Franciscans then took over the mission system, until they in turn were replaced by the Dominicans in 1773. Some of the missions were known to have been fortified and had resident soldier protection.
San Bruno founded in 1683 about 20 km north of Loreto. Abandoned in 1685. Ruins remain of this fortified settlement.
Nuestra Seńora de Loreto Conchó founded in 1697 at Loreto, abandoned 1829. This was the first permanent Spanish settlement of the Baja California peninsula. The Presidio of Loreto was also established in 1697 (see above listing). Of interest is the Loreto Museum of Jesuit Missions at 16 Salvatierra St. and Misiones St. (admission fee).
Visita de San Juan Bautista Londó founded in 1699, located at the Cochimí settlement of Londó, about 30 km north of Loreto and 13 km west of the Gulf of California coastline, west of the abortive mission site of San Bruno. Permanent stone structures were begun in 1705, but by 1750 its Cochimí population had been relocated to Mission San José de Comondú. Ruins remain.
San Francisco Javier de Viggé-Biaundó founded in 1699 at a spring called Biaundó by the native Cochimí Indians, about 8 km north of the mission's subsequent location. The site was abandoned in 1701 because of a threatened Indian revolt, but was reestablished in 1702. Several years later it was moved to the better-watered present location of the community of San Javier. By 1817 the mission was abandoned. The church has been restored and is now maintained by Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History.
San Juan Bautista Malibat (aka Mission Liguí) founded in 1705 about 30 km south of Loreto. The mission was closed in 1721, the remaining neophytes were moved to the new mission of Dolores in the territory of the Guaycura, to the south of San Juan Bautista. Surviving archaeological remnants of the abandoned mission include several sections of building foundations.
Santa Rosalía de Mulegé founded in 1705 near the entrance of Bahía de Concepción, on the Gulf of California coast. Construction of a stone church was begun in 1766. However, by 1770 the mission was virtually deserted. The Dominicans, who succeeded the Franciscans in 1773, began rebuilding, but the population remained less than 100. The mission ceased to function in 1828. The present church buildings have been extensively restored.
San Jose de Comondú founded in 1708 west of Loreto on an arroyo flowing to the Pacific coast. "Comondú Viejo" was established by the Jesuit missionary Julián de Mayorga. The location proved less than ideal as an agricultural settlement. A smallpox epidemic in 1710 killed half of the mission's neophytes. The mission was moved to its second site in 1736, and Comondú Viejo became a visita or subordinate mission station. The foundations of the chapel and portions of an irrigation system survive. The new location for Comondú was located about 50 km to the southwest, at what had previously been the visita of the San Miguel mission. This location was reduced back to visita status in 1737, although many structural remnants of the mission survive. The final location for the mission was about 3 km upstream from San Miguel. First adobe structures and, after 1750, a large stone building were erected. However, the neophyte population declined from more than 300 in 1740 to 80 in 1768 and 28 in 1800. The mission ceased to function in 1827. Substantial architectural remnants survived into the 20th-century, but the existing buildings have been extensively renovated.
La Purísima Concepción de Cadegomó founded in 1720 about 100 km west of Loreto. By 1735 it had been moved to a new location at the Cochimí ranchería known as Cadegomó ("arroyo of the carrizos"), about 30 km south of the original site. The mission was abandoned in 1822. In the early 20th-century the church was still in use, but by the end of the century only a few traces of structures remained.
Nuestra Seńora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí founded in 1720. The mission had little success. It was sacked in the Pericú Revolt of 1734 and finally abandoned in 1748, when its Indian neophytes were relocated to the Todos Santos mission.
Nuestra Seńora de Guadalupe de Huasinapí founded in 1720 at the Cochimí settlement of Huasinapí in the Sierra de la Giganta, about 40 km west of Mulegé. The mission was abandoned in 1795, when its residents were transferred to the La Purísima mission. Surviving traces include building walls, dams, and graveyards.
Santiago de Los Coras founded in 1721 at the native settlement of Aińiní, about 40 km north of San José del Cabo. Mission Santiago was the first target of the Pericú Revolt in 1734. Its missionary, Lorenzo José Carranco, was killed, and the buildings were sacked. Rebuilding was begun in 1734, but the mission was ultimately abandoned during the Dominican period in 1795, and its remaining neophytes were relocated to San José del Cabo.
Nuestra Seńora de los Dolores del Sur Chillá founded in 1721 about midway between Loreto and La Paz. In 1723 the mission site was moved to the Guaycura settlement of Apaté, about 4 km inland from the coast. It was moved again in 1741 to a location which had previously functioned as its visita of La Pasión, known as Chillá or Tańuetía ("place of the ducks"), about 25 km southwest of Apaté. The mission was subsequently reduced to the status of a visita of Mission San Luis Gonzaga. It was finally abandoned in 1768, when the Franciscans took over control of the Baja California missions from the Jesuits. The remaining neophytes were relocated to the Todos Santos mission.
San Ignacio Kadakaamán founded in 1728 at the site of the modern town of San Ignacio. The impressive surviving church was constructed in 1786. The mission was finally abandoned in 1840.
Estero de las Palmas de San José del Cabo Ańuití founded in 1730 at the Pericú settlement of Ańuití, near the modern city of San José del Cabo. Initially located near the beach, the station was subsequently moved inland about 8 kilometers. In 1734 the Pericú Revolt broke out and the mission was destroyed. In 1735-36, the reestablished outpost was moved back closer to the coast, but it served as a visita for Mission Santiago and as the site of a Spanish presidio. In 1753 it was again moved inland. In 1795, under the Dominicans, the surviving native population of Mission Santiago was transferred to San José del Cabo. The mission was finally closed in 1840.
Santa Rosa de las Palmas (Mission Todos Santos), aka Nuestra Seńora del Pilar de la Paz, founded in 1733. The site was initially a visita, or subordinate mission station of the mission at La Paz, established in 1724. It became the independent mission of Santa Rosa in 1733. However, it was destroyed in the following year during the great revolt of the local Pericú and Guaycura Indians. The mission was reestablished in 1735, and its dwindling population was augmented in 1748 when the remaining neophytes at La Paz were moved to Todos Santos and the mission took over the designation of its parent colony. The mission was finally closed in 1840.
San Luis Gonzaga Chiriyaqui founded in 1740 on the Magdalena Plains. Initially in 1721 a visita or subordinate mission station of Mission Dolores near the coast to the east, the site was elevated to mission status in 1737. The mission was closed in 1768. Stone and adobe brick structures still survive at the site.
Santa Gertrudis (aka Dolores del Norte) founded in 1752 about 80 km north of San Ignacio. The mission was finally abandoned in 1822. The church was extensively renovated in 1997, substantially altering its historical character.
San Francisco Borja founded in 1762 at the Cochimí settlement of Adac, west of Bahía de los Ángeles. Before becoming a mission, the site served as a visita or subordinate mission station for Mission Santa Gertrudis. The construction of buildings was begun in 1759. A stone church was completed in 1801. The mission was abandoned in 1818, as the native population in this part of the peninsula disappeared. Structures and ruins survive.
Visita de Calamajué (Calamyget) founded in 1766 about 90 km north of San Borja. It was intended to become the site of Mission Santa María. However, an apparently more suitable site for the latter was found about 50 km farther north, at Cabujakaamung. Calamajué also served as a travel station on the Camino Real Misionero between San Borja and Santa María. Adobe ruins and rock corrals now mark the location.
Santa María de los Ángeles founded in 1767, abandoned in 1818. Ruins remain.
San Fernando Rey de Espańa de Velicatá founded in 1769 about 200 miles south of Ensenada, at the Cochimí settlement of Velicatá. In the 1770's, under the Franciscans and then after 1773 under their Dominican successors, the mission quickly reached its peak and then went into decline as epidemics decimated the native population. A missionary was no longer permanently resident at the site after about 1818. A few ruined walls and stone foundations survive at the site as well as petroglyphs and some remains of pictograms.
Visita de la Presentación founded in 1769 a subordinate mission station for San Javier, about 16 km south of that mission, west of Loreto. It was abandoned in 1817. Substantial remnants of stone structures and the water system survive.
Nuestra Seńora del Santísimo Rosario de Vińacado founded in 1774 near the modern town of El Rosario. Its native name was variously given as Vińadaco, Mińaraco, and Vińatacot. In 1802 the mission was moved from its first site to a location about 6 km closer to the coast with more space, more agricultural land, and better access to external supplies. When the second site ceased to function as a mission in 1832, it was turned over to local residents. Ruined walls and foundations from both the first and the second mission survive.
Visita de San José de Magdalena founded in 1774 about 16 km west of the Gulf of California coast. The visita was terminated when the mission at Mulegé was closed in 1828. Ruined walls of stone and adobe brick survive at the site.
Santo Domingo de la Frontera founded in 1775 near Colonia Vicente Guerrero and northeast of San Quintín Bay. The first site of the mission was about 13 km east of the coast, but the water supply proved to be inadequate. The mission was moved about 4 km farther east in 1793. The native population dwindled under the impacts of Old World diseases, and after about 1821 the site ceased to be served by a resident priest. Ruined adobe walls survive.
San Vicente Ferrer founded in 1780 in a place that is now called "Llano Colorado" or "Red Plain". Abandoned by 1833. This was the largest of the Dominican establishments, and was their center of operations. The buildings were divided into two sections: one was composed of the religious center that had a church, kitchen, dining room, storage room, cells for the missionaries, and dormitories for the Native Americans. The other section was for the 12 to 25 soldiers detached from the Presidio of Loreto to protect the territory between the missions of San Fernando de Velicatá and San Diego (Alta California). The buildings were surrounded by a wall with several watch towers. There was also an irrigation system consisting of a dam and stone-lined ditches for watering the fields. Archaeological excavations were begun at the site in 1997.
Puerto de la Purísima Concepción founded in 1780 on the Colorado River in Yuma, California. Attacked and destroyed by Quechen Indians in July 1781. (see CALIFORNIA page 5)
San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuńer founded in 1781 on the Colorado River near Bard, California. Attacked and destroyed by Quechen Indians in July 1781. (see CALIFORNIA page 5)
San Miguel Arcángel de la Frontera founded in 1797. The ruins are located in present-day Ejido La Misión in the municipio of Ensenada. The mission was built with the support of six soldiers from the Presidio of San Diego and five others probably from Mission San Vicente Ferrer. They had just begun to build the first houses and plant the first crops when the neighboring San Juan Bautista Creek ran dry. This forced them to move the mission to a new site at San Juan Bautista, 10 km upstream, where there was a good supply of water. The adobe enclosure was rectangular, with the church and the residential quarters facing east and south. It had an open patio, the only entrance to which was a large door located in the southeast corner of the complex, protected by the soldiers' barracks. The complex also included an irrigation ditch, four granaries, two houses, a corral, and three other rooms.
Santo Tomás de Aquino founded in 1791 in the territory of the Kumeyaay, on the mountainside of the San Solano hills in northwestern Baja California State. It bridged the 120 km gap between the previously founded missions of San Vicente and San Miguel. The mission was relocated twice, in 1794 and in 1799. Historians are uncertain concerning the locations of the first two mission sites. The third and final location was at the modern town of Santo Tomás. The population was over 250 individuals in 1800, and it reached its peak of 400 in 1824. The mission was secularized in 1833, but a priest continued to serve the neophytes until 1849. In that year, the native population had fallen to 60, and the mission was abandoned to the Mexican army, who used it as a fort and capital for northern Baja California. Deteriorating ruins survive at the third site.
San Pedro Mártir de Verona founded in 1794. Located at an elevation above 1,500 meters above sea level and far inland, this mission appears to have represented an initiative by the Dominicans to extend control over the Kiliwa Indians who had lived outside of the scope of the earlier coastal missions. The first site of the mission was Casilepe; later in the same year it was relocated to Ajantequedo, about 13 km to the northeast. The date for the closing of the mission is somewhat uncertain, being variously reported as 1806 and 1824. The mission's neophytes were relocated to Mission Santo Domingo. Archaeological explorations have located possible traces of the first mission site. Foundations and walls survive at the second mission site.
Santa Catarina Virgen y Mártir founded in 1797 in the present-day Valle of El Álamo, in the municipio of Ensenada, on a plateau over 1000 meters above sea level, surrounded by an irrigable valley, some 62 km west of Mission Santo Tomás. The mission was intended as a defensive fort against eastern intruders from the Colorado River area. In 1840 hostile raiders struck, killing 16 neophytes and burning the mission. Mexican soldiers launched a punitive expedition, but the mission was not rebuilt. Archaeological investigations of the mission's traces are in progress.
Visita de San Telmo founded in 1798. When the geographer Peveril Meigs, III, investigated the area in 1926, he identified two areas on the Arroyo de San Telmo that had apparently been developed for agricultural use by the Dominicans: San Telmo de Arriba and San Telmo de Abajo, the latter being about 4 km downstream to the southwest from the former.
El Descanso (Mission San Miguel la Nueva) founded in 1817 at a site 22 km south of the present-day city of Rosarito. It was the next-to-last mission founded by the Dominicans, and the farthest north in Baja California. Today only stone foundations and ruined adobe walls survive. Because Mission San Miguel, 13 km to the south, was frequently flooded by the Río Guadalupe, the Dominicans sought another site on higher ground for El Descanso. In 1830 Father Félix Caballero constructed an adobe church here and managed both missions from El Descanso, but in 1834 it ceased to function as a mission. At the time it had a population of just 254, including those from Mission San Miguel. By 1853 the mission was deserted. The church, the sacristy, and the missionary rooms were the main structures and formed a square. Several kilometers upstream there was a garden, a winery, and orchards. The irrigation system, which used a reservoir and gravity to take the water in acequias into the fields, was typical for missions of this sort. Protection may have been provided by a small adobe fort, located on a hill to the south where the old cemetery is located. Exploratory archaeological excavations were made at the mission site in 1997.
Nuestra Seńora de Guadalupe del Norte founded in 1834 at the site of the modern community of Guadalupe, about 25 km east of Mission San Miguel. This was the last of the new Dominican missions in Baja California, and the only one begun after Mexico had gained its independence in 1821. In 1840 a rebellion under a local leader, Jatńil, forced the friars to abandon the mission. Stone foundations and adobe walls from the short-lived mission survived at the site as late as the middle 20th-century.
Carmen Fort ?
(1720's ?), Ciudad del Carmen, State of Campeche
A Spanish colonial fort was built here at the entrance to Laguna de Términos, probably built after English pirates were finally eliminated from the area in 1718. A Mexican gun battery was here in 1847.
Champotón Fort ?
(1719 - unknown), Champotón, State of Campeche
Fuerte de San Antonio was built here on the south side of the mouth of the Rio Champotón, located in Parque de las Américas.
Campeche Fortress
(1686 - 1870's ?), Campeche, State of Campeche
A 1.5 mile hexagonal stone-walled fortress with eight smaller forts (or redoubts) mounting 92 guns protected the city from pirate attacks. Founded in 1540, the city was attacked by pirates (English or Dutch ?) in 1663 and by the French in 1685. The fortifications were begun in 1686 and took 18 years to complete. This was a Mexican Army stronghold during the 1848 War of the Castes against the Maya Indians. The original walls and forts still exist today, some sections restored, and the entire old city section is a national historic monument and UNESCO world heritage site. This is the last remaining walled city fortress in North America. Fuerte de la Soledad is on 8th Street, three blocks north of the Puerta del Mar gate, and has been converted into a local museum of Mayan and colonial history (admission fee). Fuerte de Santiago faces the sea. Fuerte de San Carlos (1676), built on the site of an earlier fort (San Benito 1610 - 1663), is now a government-sponsored handicrafts market, with many underground passageways (most now blocked) to other buildings in the city. Guided tours for fee. The parapet still has period cannon mounted for display.
Outside the city walls to the west was built Fuerte de San Miguel in 1779, completed by 1782 with additional improvements in 1801. It is a large square bastioned fort located on a hill facing the sea. It is now home to the Campeche Museum of Archaeology (admission fee). Four other batteries were built in 1792 around the city, including Redoubt San Jose el Alto, located on Francisco Morazan Ave., Bellavista, now home to the Museum of Naval History and Armoury (admission fee).
Mérida Fortress
(1788), Mérida, State of Yucatan
The city was once surrounded by a hexagon wall with six redoubts, in response to pirate raids and Indian attacks. The walls were demolished about 100 years later as the city grew, but three gates (of 13) are still preserved. The Arco de los Dragones is located on Calle 50 at Calle 61, one block south of the Museo de Arte Popular. The city was originally settled by the Spanish in 1542 on the ruins of the Maya city T'ho. Stones from the Maya temples were used to construct the Spanish city, especially the Cathedral of San Idelfonso, built from 1556 - 1599, the oldest cathedral on the North American continent.
Cozumel Fort
(1526), Isla Cozumel, State of Quintana Roo
A Casa Fuerte was built here in 1526.
Bacalar Fort
(1727 - 1848), Bacalar, State of Quintana Roo
Fuerte de San Felipe de Bacalar, located on a hill east of the town square (zócalo), was built of stone in 1727, replacing an earlier wood and earthen fort. Completed in 1733 as a moated four-bastioned star. The town was founded by the Spanish in 1545 after the Maya Conquest. Destroyed by English pirates in 1628. The town was resettled and rebuilt by Canary Islanders in 1726. Attacked and taken by Maya Indians during the 1848 War of the Castes, the fort was left to ruin. The Mexican Army finally retook control of the town in 1901. The fort, reconstructed in 1938 and recently restored, is now a museum of local history and archaeology. Admission fee. The town suffered some damage from Hurricane Dean in 2007.
PHOTOS from Laguna Bacalar.com
INFO and PHOTOS from Costa Maya Travelers.com
Mazatlán Fort ? ? ?
(unknown dates), Mazatlán, State of Sinaloa
An old Spanish fort is noted on some modern maps (Lookout Hill ?). No other information available. The city was founded by the Spanish in 1531, and became a port in the gold trade from inland mines.
San Blas Fort
(1770 - 1810), San Blas, State of Nayarit
The accessible ruins of an 18th-century Spanish fort, customshouse (contaduria), and church (Nuestra Seńora de la Rosario - 1769), known as Fuerte de San Basilio (or Fuerte de la Contaduria), are located on a hill overlooking the town from the northeast. The ruins were damaged further in October 2002 by Hurricane Kenna. The town was once a shipbuilding center and the main supply center for the Californias and the Pacific Northwest settlements. This was Spain's main naval depot on the Pacific coast at the time, established in 1768.
PHOTOS by Bill and Dot Bell
See also The Naval Department of San Blas from CA State Military Museum
The Spanish Navy in the Californias during the American Revolution from CA State Military Museum
Chamela Fort
(unknown dates), Chamela, State of Jalisco
Founded in 1525 by the Spanish, this area later served as a fortified anchorage for the Philippines treasure fleet.
Guadalajara Army Barracks
(1903 - present), Guadalajara, State of Jalisco
A former Mexican Federal Army barracks, opened to the public in 1999 as the Museum of the Army and Air Force, operated by the Department of National Defense.
Isla Mezcala Fort
(1819 - 1855), near Chapala, State of Jalisco
Located on Isla Mezcala (aka Isla Presidio) in Lago de Chapala, south of Guadalajara, made famous during the Mexican War of Independence, when 1500 Mexican patriots (mostly Indians) held out against the Spanish for four years (1812 - 1816) in makeshift rock-wall defenses before hunger and sickness forced their surrender. Presidio del Isla Mezcala (aka Fuerte Mezcala) was built by the Spanish in 1819, who were impressed with the location, and used until Mexican independence in 1821. The island was later converted to a prison, which was closed in 1855. The fort was built as a large square with cylindrical bastions at each corner, surrounded by a moat. A stone blockhouse and a church are outside the fort proper. Many of the current structures were probably built as part of the prison complex. The island became a Mexican National Monument in 1974, and the fort / prison complex has recently been restored (2006-09), although without the benefit of any proper archaeological work (as reported in Mexican newspapers).
PHOTOS by Jim and Carole Cook
See also Lake Chapala During the Insurgency from Visit Chapala.com
Castillo de San Diego de Acapulco (English) ?
Official Website en Espańol
(1778 - 1910 ?), Acapulco, State of Guerrero
The original fort, a small pentagon with five bastions built in 1616 - 1617, was almost destroyed by an earthquake in 1776. It was rebuilt and greatly enlarged in 1778 as a moated pentagon-shaped fortress with bastions at each corner. Construction on its present form was completed in 1784. All the sentry boxes were removed during restoration in the 1970's. Located on Calle Hornitos, on a hill east of the main square in Old Acapulco. Mexican patriot General José María Morelos attacked the fortress in 1813 during the War of Independence, the Spanish garrison capitulated after a four-month seige. Bombarded by French naval forces in 1863. In 1910 Mexican Federal forces defended the fort against the revolutionaries trying to take the city. Known today as Fuerte de San Diego. Located within the fort is the Museo Histórico de Acapulco (admission fee).
Nearby on Avenida Fortin, Cerro de la Mira, is Fortin Álvarez (1792), built to store gunpowder and weaponry for Castillo de San Diego. Admission fee.
The city was first settled by the Spanish in 1550. The first fortifications, originally a series of wooden and earthen ramparts to protect the city from English and Dutch pirates, were built after 1565 with the annual arrivals of the Philippines treasure fleet. The city was sacked by the Dutch in 1615.
Please see FUERTES Y FORTINES DE MEXICO - WIKIPEDIA (en Espańol)
NEED MORE INFO: El Fuerte in State of Zacatecas on the Rio Aguanaval. "Laguna del Fuerte" on the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur near Guerrero Negro.
Any additional information on these and other sites will be greatly appreciated.
QUESTIONS ? Please send any corrections and/or additions to this list to:
Updates @ NorthAmericanForts.com


text:
Capgemini Group appointed Lanny Cohen as global chief technology officer. Cohen will join the company's executive committee as part of his new role.
Cohen formerly served as head of application services North America at Capgemini. The company tapped Tim Bridges to replace Cohen in that role.
"Lanny Cohen's leadership and operational experience in helping to create a strong and successful Apps North America business will be key in working directly with me and the group leadership team," Chairman and CEO Paul Hermelin said in a statement.
Capgemini is a Paris-based IT services firm. It posted revenue of €10.26 billion (US$16.58 billion) in its last fiscal year.

subset: commoncrawl


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DSOGaming writes: "Earlier yesterday, John Carmack shared his thoughts on AMD's Mantle. During Nvidia's Montreal event, Carmack claimed that although he would be tempted to use Mantle, he would not do such a thing at this point. Carmack claimed that it's not stupid – for AMD – to attempt something like that, however he believed that Sony and Microsoft would not embrace it. But why is Carmack against this new API?"
Full title should be "John Carmack: Nvidia's OpenGL extensions rival Mantle, 8GBs on consoles not a significant change over PCs with 4GBs"
Due to the 100 words limit of N4G, that was not possible, thus some readers misinterpreted it. Carmack did not comment on old-gen consoles vs next-gen consoles.


text: Photos: Iditarod, 'The Last Great Race' Share this story email Share this story «Previous 7 of 36 Photos Next » « » Iditarod Sled Dog Racing Four-time Iditarod champion Jeff King drives his dog team down 4th Avenue during the ceremonial start of the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race on Saturday, March 2, 2013, in Anchorage, Alaska. The competitive portion of the 1,000-mile race is scheduled to begin Sunday in Willow, Alaska. (AP Photo/Anchorage Daily News, Bill Roth)


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Miranda Kerr Louis Vuitton Lovely
Model Miranda Kerr attended the Louis Vuitton Maison opening reception on Friday evening in Sydney, Australia. The new Sydney Louis Vuitton Maison is only the 13th in the world joining Paris, Tokyo, London and New York. For the event Miranda sported a floral printed retro-style prom dress. Continue reading to view additional images of her look.
Click HERE To View Miranda Kerr Style File >>>
Click HERE To View All Celebrity Chic Galleries on RDuJour >>>
Find RDuJour on : Twitter – @RDuJour and Facebook FanPage
images via spletnik


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The relationship with our intestinal microbes is symbiotic and mutualistic, the benefits for the host being largely due to the metabolic attributes of the resident bacteria that can derive energy from the fermentation of otherwise indigestible carbohydrates. In humans, this accounts for 6-9% of the total energy requirement whereas this can be as high as 44% for ruminants (McNeil 1984). Additional symbiotic functions include the competitive exclusion of pathogens and the production of essential vitamins and amino acids. The coevolution of mammals with intestinal bacteria had a strong impact on the host immune system, which needed to develop the ability to avoid excessive inflammatory responses to antigens and commensal bacteria while retaining the capacity to defend the body against infections of pathogenic microorganisms. Commensal bacteria are not ignored but dynamically controlled via many complex overlapping and intertwined mechanisms regulating innate defenses in response to signals from the microbiota (Wells 2010; Wells 2011).
The references (in blue) may be found below.


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Officials Bolster Preparedness Following Statewide Hurricane DrillThursday, July 3, 2014
A full week before "Arthur" was named the first tropical storm of the 2014 hurricane season, Connecticut sharpened its readiness skills by involving virtually every community, dozens of state agencies, utilities, hospitals, and hundreds of emergency responders in a "Category 1" preparedness drill June 21 and 23.
EDC Offering Emergency Preparedness Seminar, August 13Thursday, July 25, 2013
Are you prepared for the next storm or potential emergency? The Newtown Economic Development Commission (EDC) will offer "Community Preparedness: Small Businesses and Families Leading the Way by Preparing Themselves," a free seminar, on Tuesday, August 13.
The program will be presented in Newtown Municipal Center Council Chambers, 3 Primrose Street, from 8:30 to 10 am.
Attendees will learn how to prepare and protect themselves and their businesses in case of an emergency.
Officials Prepare For Statewide Disaster DrillFriday, July 27, 2012
Newtown preparedness, emergency, utility, and health officials met Tuesday afternoon to solidify plans for both public and behind-the-scenes activities that will play out locally, as part of a statewide disaster drill simulating an imminent Category 3 hurricane, its landfall, and aftermath, July 28 through 31.


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If you're tiling your home and have a lot of tile cuts to make, you may want to consider renting a wet saw, which uses a water-cooled diamond blade to easily cut tile. The saws are safe and easy to use, as long as you practice a little first with a few scrap tiles. While snap cutters will work, wet saws are better for larger jobs that require complicated cuts, like beveled edges, or for outlet openings.
Wet saws usually have a sliding table that feeds the tile into an overhead blade while a pump sprays water on the blade when it's running. The water is essential for making good quality cuts, so it's important to check to make sure everything is working before you start a job. Once you're comfortable with how the saw operates, here's how to get the job done, according to The Home Depot and Popular Mechanics.
Regular cuts
Before you begin, you should put on a pair of safety glasses. To make a regular straight cut, simply align the tile on the table. Set the fence so that when the layout line is at the blade, the widest part of the tile is between the blade and the fence. Back the tile away from the blade and turn on the saw. Slowly feed the tile along the fence and into the blade until the tile completely clears the blade.
Notched cuts
To make a notch in a piece of tile, you'll have to make two straight cuts where you want the edges of the notch to be. Reset the fence after the first cut and stop each cut where the line marking the end of the notch is. If the notch is wider than an inch, you'll need to make several parallel cuts within the notch that are ¼ of an inch apart. Break off these inner pieces then trim the jagged edge with the wet saw - placing the saw so that it's just touching the edge of the notch.
Diagonal cuts
These cuts are useful if you're making a diamond pattern. They are made point to point, and you must set the miter guide to the angle that matches the layout line. Make sure the line is directly in front of the blade, then feed the tile slowly through it. The tile is susceptible to breakage at the end of the cut, so be sure to take your time. You can also use this technique to make triangular cuts that aren't point to point cuts.
Beveled edge cuts
These cuts are handy when you're tiling the corner of a wall where uncut tiles would create ugly gaps. They work on inner our outer wrap-around corners. Your wet saw should have a bevel guide attachment that will make this cut for you when you use the standard technique for feeding through tile.
L-shaped cuts
If you have to remove a piece of tile to account for a corner, a cabinet or a piece of moulding, you have to make two separate cuts in the tile or make multiple cuts. Just be sure to stop the blade once you reach the edge.
If you're making a cut-out in the tile, like for an outlet, it is also called a plunge cut. You have to position the tile underneath the cutting wheel so that the blade is directly above where you want to cut. It's best to do this with the tile facing down so that the score marks from the blade won't be seen from the front.


text: Co.Labs YouTube Star Freddie Wong On What's Next For Online Video Stars The actor-director has used his star power on YouTube to galvanize his fans and fund the largest crowdfunding campaign in web series history. Now he wants to use that model to take over Hollywood. Read More » By Adam Popescu


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Communicating For Social Media Success
Many old-school advertisers are used to promoting slogans.
Under these conditions, there was no need or reason to actively listen. Involvement then meant waiting for the numbers from the sales team to see if the campaign was a success or not.
In social media, sharing information without listening to the existing conversations of your audience and partaking in these dialogues yourself – is social suicide.
You must listen as much as you talk, you must communicate to connect.
Start listening (and responding) and your social media channels will eventually get you the exposure and ROI you desire.
Social media and content marketing are not quick and easy solutions for business success.
Take the time necessary to develop your online reputation and understand that it's not a one, lane road.
Social media engagement is a multi-way highway that requires precision, stamina and awareness.
If you need help managing your social media, feel free to fill in the contact form to the right of this page and one of our representatives will contact you as soon as possible. It's more affordable than you think at under $50 per week for a full social media management solution.


text:
Brunton Freedom 2200 Portable Power - Closeout
Item: 71761.01 | Product Description »
On Sale: $40.00
$80.00 You Save 50%
(2) | Write a Review | Ask a Question | 1 Question
- You can charge the Freedom's batteries in your car, from your laptop, or even with sunlight.
- A 100 mA polycrystalline solar panel allows you to charge your favorite devices, no matter how far you wander from civilization.
- Water resistant for worry-free use outdoors.
- A durable rubberized outer shell protects the Freedom from impact and abrasion.
- A handy power gauge lets you know how much charging power remains.
- An auto-shut-off feature prevents damage to the device being charged.
Product Reviews(2)
|Solar Panel:
|100 mA polycrystaline
|Lithium polymer
|Battery Storage:
|2200 mAh
|1000 mA / 5V
|5.7" x 3" x 0.88"
|5.7 oz
Brunton Inspire & Freedom & Restore Portable Power Packs (0:59)
Inspire Brunton's smallest power pack has ample stored power to recharge personal electronics multiple times. Now you can use your cell phone and iPod for extended periods without worry of losing power when you need it. Power storage capacity: 3,200 mAh Output: USB Freedom Hybrid versatility has never been this portable and potent, delivering ample energy from a tiny size. Collects and stores power from vehicle, boat, computer or solar panel, then transfers it to personal electronic devices as needed. Power storage capacity: 2,200 mAh Output: USB Restore The most efficient, integrated compact power pack available. Internal battery keeps extra energy at hand, and twin solar panels keep the battery at peak capacity in less time. Ideal for charging personal devices like iPods and smart phones. Advanced polycrystaline solar technology gathers maximum energy per inch for optimal efficiency. Power storage capacity: 2,200 mAh Output: USB
Reviewed by 2 customers
Sort by
- Compact Design
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Best Uses
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- Portable Electronics
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Comments about Brunton Freedom Portable Power:
A useful piece of gear on a Kayaking camping trip. Good to charge up cell phone and IPAD.
- Primary use:
- Personal
- Was this a gift?:
- No
- Compact Design
- Durable Construction
- Fast Charging
- Cord Is Too Short
Best Uses
- Having Around The House
- Portable Electronics
- Travel
Comments about Brunton Freedom Portable Power:
This is an outstanding product for recharging your electronics while away from power outlets. It can be used with any USB charging cord.
- Primary use:
- Personal
- Was this a gift?:
- No
Do you have questions about this product?
Get answers from real customers and in-house experts with AnswerBox.
- Brunton Freedom Portable Power
Q:This item recharghing also tablet?
Thank you.
OttavioAsked on 7/1/2013 by Ottis39 from Italy
2 answers
A:Please check the output of the unit in the Specs tab to see if it's compatible with your tablet's need for power.Answered on 7/1/2013 by Clyde from NRS
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text:
1962: Sylvia Plath - "Lady Lazarus"
On the surface, Random House's Voice of the Poet series offers something that should be irresistible to any self-respecting lit geek: the opportunity to hear some of the biggest names in 20th-century poetry reading their own greatest hits. In practice, though, it was kind of a mixed bag. For every poet who struck the right notes (T.S. Eliot's fussy, clinical diction seems oddly appropriate to the state of spiritual desiccation he chronicles in his work), there seemed to be plenty of others whose readings were tonally awkward or just plain boring as shit.
Of all the entries in the series I've sampled, however, Sylvia Plath's is far and away the best. While other poets provided readings, Plath offered an actual performance. The album is made up of recordings from two separate sessions. The first, recorded in 1958, shows Plath to be an adept interpreter of her own work: her lips move like surgical implements through each complicated strain of syllables, carving out stanza after stanza in her even, sonorous voice. It's the second session, recorded a mere four years later, though, where Plath comes fully alive as a performer (and, according to most, as a poet). Each of the eight selections from her (then still unpublished) collection Ariel is underscored by a maelstrom of suppressed emotion, and the very best among them is "Lady Lazarus."
I've been out of school too long to attempt anything like a close reading of the poem, but by way of brief summary, it deals with a narrator who, wanting to die, finds herself repeatedly dragged back to the land of the living. Plath draws upon common images of rebirth — the resurrection of Lazarus from the Gospel of John, the myth of the phoenix — but recasts them as obscene parodies: a carnival sideshow, a grotesque striptease, a Nazi medical experiment. The doctors who labor to save her life and the friends and family who crowd around her bedside are seen not as caring or benevolent figures, but as diabolical nemeses and vampiric voyeurs feeding and profiting off her pain. The traditional reading of this poem places it fully in the confessional mode, as an expression of the author's own rage and anguish. It's a compelling interpretation, given Plath's tendency to incorporate biographical details into her poems and, of course, in light of Plath's own tragic death, which looms like a 500 lb gorilla over any discussion of the author's work. Revisionist scholars, however, attempt to place more distance between Plath and her narrator.
(I would also feel remiss if I did not mention, at least in passing, that Plath's appropriation of holocaust imagery as a metaphor for personal pain — be it her own or her fictional narrator's — is narcissistic at best and highly offensive at worst. It's up to the individual reader to decide whether this is something he or she can see past.)
One of the most remarkable aspects of this very remarkable poem, however, is Plath's intense awareness of style. Literary scholar Helen Vendler notes that "almost every stanza of 'Lady Lazarus' picks up a new possibility" for the poet's voice. To bring such a work to life, a reader must be able to keep up with each writhing, twisting line as it darts off into unexpected territory. Plath not only navigates the mottled stylistic patchwork of her poem, but also tames it to such a degree that her reading carries a narrative arc all its own. Plath spits out the opening stanzas like a boast, proclaiming the uniqueness of her "gift," even as she draws comparisons between herself and some of the more horrifying relics of the Nazi death camps. Yet listen carefully around the 30-second mark, where she intones:
Can you deny
The nose, the eye pits, the full set of teeth?
The sour breath
Will vanish in a day.
You can hear the arrogance draining away, replaced with a horror so weary and abject it feels spontaneous. When she warns us that "Soon, soon the flesh/ The grave cave ate will be/ At home on me," she sounds nearly in tears. The sense of despair is so palpable, you half expect Plath to falter and beg off, but by the time she lights on the next stanza, a hint of playful mockery has crept back into her voice. It's as though a death shroud has been peeled back from a corpse's face to reveal a frozen, contemptuous grin.
This tension, this back-and-forth tug between the narrator's strength and her vulnerability, is what fuels the drama of this particular recording. It's as though she wants to take back ownership of her life and her condition by feigning a cavalier attitude toward her awful twilight existence. She builds up walls of irony and disdain in an effort to present a powerful and terrible face towards the sadistic doctors and gawping, "peanut-crunching crowds," but her own hurt, bitterness, and fear keep finding a way through the cracks.
The poem ends with a stern warning, not just to the doctors and the rubbernecks, but to God and the Devil themselves:
Herr God, Herr Lucifer
Out of the ash
I rise with my red hair
And I eat men like air.
These stanzas are the last reversal, the final frames of every revenge fantasy in which the tormented protagonist visits terrible punishment upon those who have done her wrong. Yet there is nothing triumphant in Plath's delivery, no force behind her blasphemous threat. There is only the infinite fatigue of one who no longer possesses the conviction to lie to herself. How strange and frightening that, in Plath's own hands, her boldest assertion of personal power comes off sounding like a hopeless capitulation.
1998: Cap'n Jazz - Analphabetapolothology
A few years ago, my cousin complained to me. Following my advice, he had went to see Cap'n Jazz on their reunion tour and told me they were awful. According to him, they had a minimal grasp of rhythm, and their screams were out of tune. Worse of all, the audience was yelling along with them. Not singing along. Yelling.
Cap'n Jazz, fronted by brothers Tim and Mike Kinsella, played avant-garde music for the broken-hearted and the perpetually nostalgic, people who treasured Catcher in the Rye from the very first page. Yes, we all know the word "emo," but Cap'n Jazz went beyond the screams and power chords; they made music that was as tangled and knotty as their emotions. It embodied their rage and sadness in an explosive, responsive way. To me, they were the wimpy, dorky Stooges of that generation, except they knew that was bullshit and rejected themselves as such; they knew that nobody then needed someone to tell them that it was another year with nothing to do.
Their take on emotionally-charged experimentation can be heard on "In The Clear," a song that flows in furious passages that you can sing along to, yet the most powerful moment comes when someone screams half the alphabet and concludes it with "lost!" It's ostentatious, funny and yet incredibly earnest.
This is what I grew up with, what I get and what gets me (or got me back then); even if I didn't have direct contact with the actual music, I instinctively responded to it. I bet the members of the band don't mind not being understood, but I think that's part of their appeal. It's all heart and neurosis.
2003: Paddy McAloon - I Trawl The Megahertz
There's been a long history of pop musicians going off the deep end and into the realm of experimental music. While these flirtations have been common since the 1960s onward, some of the most fascinating cases happen when the transition comes seemingly out of the blue. Tim Buckley's Lorca and Starsailor albums may in some ways be some of the earliest and most radical examples of this transformation, but there are also the classic instances of Scott Walker's and Talk Talk's dark later work, as well as David Sylvian's gradual descent into free-jazz-afflicted folk and onkyo-obsessed songwriting. However, despite the seemingly disparate nature between these artists' experimentally minded compositions and their more commercial work, there's always been something of a common thread. Walker's "Farmer in the City" could easily have fit on Scott 3; Buckley's virtuosic singing seemed to be a natural fit for the Ligeti-esque textures he attempted with Lorca and Starsailor; and Sylvian had been working collaboratively with experimental musicians such as Jon Hassel and Holger Czukay since his debut solo album.
With Paddy McAloon's I Trawl the Megahertz, the aesthetic continuity isn't so readily apparent. McAloon is best known as the leader of the harmonically rich twee-pop band Prefab Sprout, whose pop perfectionism doesn't quite prepare one for the surreal, dark world of McAloon's lone solo record. Of course, despite Prefab's sunny exterior, it was clear with extensive listening that the band's songs often hid their sadness under the catchiest of tunes. Take their hit "The King of Rock n Roll," for example: it's a pretty silly song, until you realize the lyrics come from the perspective of a washed-up one-hit wonder whose goofiest work overshadows all of his attempts at real artistry. But maybe it's for this reason that I Trawl the Megahertz feels like something of a shock: it wears all of its sorrow on its sleeve and does away with McAloon's pop-song mastery in favor of minimalist orchestration, bizarrely bleak spoken word, and an undeniably chilly atmosphere.
I Trawl the Megahertz is by no means an abrasive or dissonant record, but it is undeniably idiosyncratic and heartbreaking. All of these things are apparent from the opening of the title track onward. The title track is nearly 22 minutes long and consists of a gorgeous repeated theme (McAloon's harmonic sensibilities are still in play here) that sounds like it could soundtrack the saddest Disney movie never written, with its lurching strings, vaudevillian whistles, and ghostly guitar. Early in the work, a woman's voice comes in and delivers blunt observational lines, like the unforgettable, "I said, 'Your daddy loves you very much/ He just doesn't want to live with us anymore." It's a beautifully powerful work that suggests what might happen if Robert Ashley's later operas had used full orchestration and were crushingly sincere.
From there, the record moves into a frosty Philip Glass-like suite of instrumental pieces that eventually give way to the two other tracks with vocals, "I'm 49" and "Sleeping Rough." "I'm 49" sounds quite similar to the territory that Oneohtrix Point Never has been mining recently with its pastiche of talk-show voices, electronics, and beautiful cascading arpeggios. "Sleeping Rough," on the other hand, is an unbelievably devastating song featuring McAloon crooning like a slightly less depraved Scott Walker. "Sleeping Rough" is perhaps the only transparent reference to the experiences that inspired I Trawl the Megahertz's elegiac glacial tone. "I'm lost, I'll grow a long and silver beard," McAloon sings. While this lyric could be read as a meta-commentary on the stylistic change of the record, it becomes heartbreaking when you realize that the singer/composer had temporarily gone blind due to illness while writing this material. However, despite the seemingly bleak-sounding nature of I Trawl the Megahertz's various components, McAloon's arrangements and tonalities make it clear that the singer remained hopeful and artistically forward-looking, despite the seemingly dire situation of his health.
Much of the album's arrangements are quite reminiscent of a number of contemporary experimental musicians who have recently made forays into more texturally rich material. Sean McCann's Music for Private Ensemble comes to mind when listening to the mixture of MIDI, live orchestration, and natural sounds on the album's instrumental tracks, and the record's title track would not feel too out of place on a Julia Holter record. McAloon may never work with this particular set of tools again, but it's clear that he has many like-minded contemporaries employing similar resources in their own work nowadays. I Trawl the Megahertz may be an anomaly in McAloon's discography, but it's an anomaly that sounds more beautiful and relevant than ever.
1987: Rudimentary Peni - Cacophony
For as legendary and influential as Britain's Rudimentary Peni have been among fans of goth and deathrock, they're not widely appreciated outside those tight-knit circles. There's nothing particularly surprising about this fact. Between the band's jagged, lurching, and mercilessly compressed compositions and Nick Blinko's strangled delivery, RP were destined to be an acquired taste from the start. Add to that the group's peculiar working habits — long stretches between releases, refusal to tour (or even perform live, for the most part), and Blinko's well-known aversion to doing interviews — and it's actually kind of a miracle anyone outside the UK was able to learn about these guys at all in the pre-internet days of the 1980s.
Truth be told, they might have escaped my attention if not for Southern Records' recently initiated project to reissue the band's out-of-print discography, which was serendipitously preceded at the beginning of this year by Chelsea Wolfe's excellent Latitudes session Prayer for the Unborn, an EP's worth of reworkings of Rudimentary Peni songs. Wolfe's own exposure to RP was perfectly in keeping with the group's cult status: one day she walked in on her roommate listening to them. Wolfe became fascinated by the records, their intricate black-and-white album art (designed by Blinko himself), and the group's bleakly surreal, existential lyrics — so much so that some of the selections off Prayer were composed without her even having heard the original songs they were based on.
Cacophony is considered by many to be the band's finest work, and it is undoubtedly their most ambitious. The album was recorded following the first major disruption in the band's career, a four-year hiatus during bassist Grant Matthews' bout with cancer. Cacophony finds Blinko assuming control of the songwriting duties, which had chiefly belonged to Matthews prior to his illness ("Well, I thought that Grant felt that his lyrics weren't relevant anymore or something," Blinko explains in a rare interview from 1992). Under Blinko's lead, the band fully detached from its anarcho-punk roots and grew into an honest-to-goodness deathrock band. Leftist politics was Matthews' thing; Blinko was all about Lovecraft. The album shows a deep immersion in Lovecraft's life and work, appropriating his mythology (both literary and personal), lapsing into his grandiloquent diction, and tracing the sordid lineage of his macabre visions. While RP were never strangers to the gothic (their previous album had sported tracks titled "Cosmic Hearse" and "Flesh Crucifix," after all), Cacophony was the album that would forever endear them to the black eyeliner set.
In terms of its complexity, diversity, and sheer density, the record was a giant leap beyond anything the band had previously attempted. While Blinko's voice seemed to max out at a piercing rasp in the band's early work, his vocals on Cacophony are so protean and unpredictable one could almost believe he was playing host to a demonic legion. He employs well over a dozen voices throughout the record: inhuman utterances (the dry croaking on "Crazed Couplet" and "Nightgaunts," the ghastly keening at the end of "The Only Child"), distinct musical personae (the clinically detached narrator of "Better Not Born" and the reedy, crisp diction of the speaker on "Dream City"), and dramatic spoken word interludes (the frantic newscaster at the end of "The Evil Clergyman," the Shakespearian monologue in "Brown Jenkin," and the wizened New Englander who mourns Lovecraft's wasted talents on "Imps of the Perverse"). There's also Gregorian chant, drinking songs, and a track that's mostly just fart noises.
The dramatic shifts in persona are matched by a musical accompaniment that's ready and able to change tempos or time signatures at a moment's notice. The album contains some of RP's heaviest tracks up to that time (check out the plodding riff on "Zenophobia" and Jon Grenville's thundering rhythm on "The Only Child"), pointing towards the almost-heavy-metal leanings of their more recent work. Yet other tracks, like the instrumental "The Evil Clergyman" or "Dream City" move into a post-punk territory that sounds like a more amped-up version of The Cure. And while Blinko may be the most visible member of the trio on this release, it's impossible to calculate just how important Grant Matthews is to making these songs pop. Matthews' bass sits high in the mix and works its ass off to earn that place of prominence. He continually finds unique ways to introduce wrinkles into what could otherwise have been overly-pat melodies.
Trying to take Cacophony in as a whole is an experience not unlike trying to look upon one of Lovecraft's Great Old Ones. The totality of it is too mottled and gnarled, its form dictated by a geometry not of this universe — it's not for nothing Piero Scaruffi dubbed the album "the Trout Mask Replica of British Punk." But sinking into its peculiar madness is a sweeter fate than that experienced by Mr. Delapore or Robert Olmstead. The more time you spend with this eldritch tome, the more you may come to realize you've developed a taste for its ghastly pleasures.
1985: The Ramones - "Bonzo Goes To Bitburg"
In 1985, The Ramones penned "Bonzo Goes to Bitburg," a song that's obviously not as popular as "Blitzkrieg Bop" or "I Want To Be Sedated." In fact, The Ramones, at the time, were in their wilderness years, hopping from producer to producer and releasing albums with the hope that one would "break" them. They wanted to be popular and live the good life. As we all know, it didn't happen that way.
The Ramones were not known to take on causes or make strong opinions on serious matters, but "Bonzo Goes to Bitburg" was an exception. The track was inspired by Ronald Reagan's visit to a cemetery in Bitburg, Germany, where many Waffen-SS soldiers are buried. Reagan's discourse during his visit was that, while he didn't excuse the systematic mass murder of millions of people, these soldiers were "victims" or just "simply following orders." To many ears, the then President was making excuses for genocide.
The Ramones were notorious for their occasional use of Nazi symbols — thanks to main songwriter Dee Dee's fascination with WWII memorabilia — but this time, the band didn't joke about Nazis in love. While Joey was Jewish and helped pen the song, it is said that Dee Dee was the one who wanted to say that there was no excuse for that kind of demonstration. The track is also notable song because it criticizes a Republican politician, something they had stayed away from since Johnny became a supporter of the conservative party. (Johnny plays on the song, but he requested it be renamed to "My Brain is Hanging Upside Down" for Animal Boy.)
The story of the Ramones is filled with clashes of personality that (arguably) held them back during their lifetime, but it's amazing that a song so polarizing to the various individuals could not only happen, but also become one of their finest moments.
1989: Haruomi Hosono - "Pleocene"
I should tell you that, on a Saturday night early in 2012, I told my roommates that I was staying in and found something on the internet. It was late, around 1 AM I think, when I found this thing on the internet, and it became very important to me, inarguably the most important thing. Around 4 AM, when my the roommates returned from the bars, I was awake with this thing in my room.
See, what I found on the internet was a song, but first it was a black-and-white video shot from the passenger seat of a car to music. The car in the video drives slow down a road empty but for its dirt and coursing foliage; a single moth flashes white hot early on, lit up by the car's headlights, but other than that. Then the road becomes paved, teeming with life, or signifiers of life: cars passing other cars, a tunnel, lights that threaten overexposure: structures and infrastructures that humans build. The camera wobbles, but I don't know that it trembles, because trembling requires a person to tremble, and there are no people in sight.
Midway through this video, credits somehow roll, and I became very nervous for the song, absurdly. This song is the single most important thing, and it wouldn't be right to do it so wrong. But the car continues and ends, as the song does, abruptly, early, wrongly, as expected.
I found the song in its complete version that same night, not much later. I got to know it, and I was so happy. By the early morning, the song became for me a part of a record, but I still prefer it alone and disfigured, as it was that one time on camera.


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Plans include power plant deactivations; more renewable projects; cleaner, cheaper fuels; and smart meters
(Honolulu, Hawaii) – The Hawaiian Electric Companies filed on Friday with the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission their Integrated Resource Planning Report and Five-Year Action Plans. The report details plans to meet future electricity needs for Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui and Hawaii Island. It also affirmed that Hawaii is well on its way to exceeding its renewable energy goals, which are among the most ambitious in the nation.
Plans for significant change include:
"This planning includes the most meaningful promises we can make for our customers. None of us is satisfied with the status quo. These commitments to action will move us to a cleaner, more secure and affordable energy future. We thank all those who have participated in the IRP process, including nearly 70 Advisory Group members, the PUC's independent facilitator, and members of the public who attended meetings or submitted suggestions," said Scott Seu, vice president for energy resources and operations. "This is an important milestone and there will be more opportunities for input."
The Advisory Group will be providing further review and comment to the PUC on the detailed actions plans. The public can also comment to the PUC's independent facilitator overseeing the process by email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
The integrated resource planning report is available at www.hawaiianelectric.com/IRP.
It is important to note that in the new "scenario-based" resource planning process, action plans must be flexible enough to address the dynamic conditions in today's global and local energy sector. Rather than a fixed course of the action, it makes sense to be ready to adjust any plan to account for changes in technology, economic conditions, and other variables. The Hawaiian Electric Companies will conduct periodic updates of these plans and will complete another full Integrated Resource Planning process in three years.
As summarized in the companies' IRP report: "Our relationship with our customers begins in their homes and their businesses — helping them to conserve energy, to take advantage of energy efficiency and distributed generation options like PV, and providing them the most information and the greatest control of their electricity use possible through tools such as smart meters and energy education. We also must continue to live up to our responsibility to ensure safe and reliable service for our customers…in whatever manner and from whatever source our customers choose."
Integrated Resource Planning overview:
Integrated Resource Planning aims to develop comprehensive, five-year action plans for meeting energy needs under various scenarios in the Hawaiian Electric service territories. The goal is to ensure delivery of reliable electric service for residential and business customers while striving to decrease the use of imported fossil fuel, increase efficiency and reduce electric bills.
¹"Deactivation" means a generating unit will no longer be run to meet the energy needs of customers. In a major emergency, such as the tsunami damage in Japan in 2011, with appropriate preparation, a deactivated unit can be reactivated to avoid power shortages for customers. By contrast "retirement" or "decommissioning" means a generating unit is disconnected from the grid and permanently shut down.


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Kamchatka selected as Argentina's Oscar contender
Argentina has submitted Marcelo Pineyro's Kamchatka to compete for a best foreign film Oscar. Kamchatka beat strong contenders led by Carlos Sorin's Historias Minimas, Adolfo Aristarain's Lugares Comunes and Pablo Trapero's El Bonaerense.
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Unblemished record leads to votes in national poll
NAIA softball coaches' top 25 poll
SEWARD, Neb. – The Concordia University softball team is already garnering plenty of respect both regionally and nationwide for its school record 9-0 start to begin the 2014 season. After finishing 14-25 last season, outside expectations for Concordia were low heading into this spring. A season-opening upset of No. 10 Olivet Nazarene (Ill.) as part of a perfect Arizona road trip has quickly changed the perception.
On Monday head coach Todd LaVelle's Bulldogs jumped to No. 1 in the new GPAC rankings released by the NAIA. Then on Tuesday afternoon, the Bulldogs received 23 points in the first regular-season edition of the NAIA Softball Coaches' Top 25 Poll. Concordia is now seven spots away from the first top 25 ranking in program history.
"We're cautiously excited. We know what we have yet to come," LaVelle said at a Concordia booster club outing on Tuesday afternoon. "It's great to be ranked No. 1 (in the GPAC) but we have some things to clean up if we're going to stay there."
Concordia's quick rise certainly wasn't predicted by GPAC coaches, who placed the Bulldogs seventh in the conference's preseason poll. Having tied for seventh in the league in 2013, Concordia understood why it was pegged towards the bottom half. However, the team bought into LaVelle's approach and belief that it was capable of much more.
"Why not us?" has become the rallying cry.
"I would be lying if I didn't say we want to win the GPAC," LaVelle said prior to the start of the season. "That's our ultimate goal. We were preseason seventh and that's probably about where we should be. I'm not the coach that's going to go in and coach to be preseason seventh or sixth or fifth or just make the tournament."
Earlier on Tuesday, senior Amanda Beeson (pitcher of the week) and junior Molly Madsen (player of the week) both earned weekly honors from the GPAC. Beeson is off to a 3-0 start in the circle. She has tossed 30 innings with 27 strikeouts while allowing only eight earned runs.
Meanwhile, Madsen has been the early leader for an offense that is hitting .395 and averaging nearly eight runs per game. Madsen went 12-for-19 with 10 RBIs during last week's road trip in Tucson, Ariz.
The Bulldogs return to action on Wednesday when they take on Peru State (13-8) in Peru. The doubleheader is set to begin at 3 p.m.
18 March 2014


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Chinachem Plans Luxury Apartment Project in Hong Kong
HONG KONG—Chinachem Group paid a record price for a prime residential site in Kowloon at a government land auction Tuesday, highlighting the property market's resilience even as the city's leader is poised to unveil measures to cool soaring prices at his annual policy address.
The unlisted developer's winning bid of 1.63 billion Hong Kong dollars (US$210.1 million) for the site at 3 and 5 Ede Road in Kowloon Tong was 10% higher than the average HK$1.48 billion forecast of eight analysts and surveyors. The price was 55% above the opening bid of HK$1.053 billion.
The HK$1.63 billion translates into an accommodation value of HK$17,976 per square foot based on a gross floor area of 90,675 square feet. That surpassed the previous record of HK$16,587 per square foot for the Kowloon peninsula set by Kerry Properties Ltd. in August, when it won the bidding for the adjacent site at 1 Ede Road.
Tuesday's auction, which was dominated by bids from Chinachem and Kerry Properties, was interrupted on two occasions by protesters chanting and waving banners decrying high property prices. Opposition lawmaker Leung Kwok-hung was among the protesters.
Home prices, which have risen 16% this year following a 29% jump in 2009, have become a pressing social and economic issue for the Hong Kong government, whose efforts to cool the market seem to have had little success.
In August, the government added to the series of tightening measures it had introduced earlier this year, saying it planned to put more land up for sale and discourage property speculation. It also capped mortgages for homes valued at HK$12 million or more at 60% of their value. It previously capped mortgages at that level for homes valued at HK$20 million or more.
But as long as interest rates and the value of the Hong Kong dollar stay low, money will likely continue to flow into the city's property market, said James Cheung, director at the surveyor unit of Centaline Property. "There's not much the government can do about the high prices."
Hong Kong property transactions fell 19% in September following the government measures. Still, new-apartment sales were robust during a three-day holiday weekend at the start of October, indicating the government may struggle to fulfill its pledge to rein in residential property prices.
Many investors are awaiting Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang's policy address Wednesday to gauge the administration's resolve to cool the market. A government official told Dow Jones Newswires earlier that Mr. Tsang will likely announce plans to further increase the city's land supply.
"The only way for the government to drive land prices down is to increase supply," said Yu Kam-hung, a senior managing director at property consultancy CB Richard Ellis.
RBS analyst David Ng said in a recent report that he expects Mr. Tsang to announce a government's plan to resume construction of housing in the policy address.
"As every aspect of Hong Kong is becoming closely tied with mainland China, the need to achieve a harmonious society, whether politically or socially, is equally important for both governments," Mr. Ng said. "This calls for more proactive efforts in addressing the housing needs of the lower- to middle-income class."
Chinachem, which had bid unsuccessfully in other auctions this year, said it plans to invest HK$2 billion to develop 48 luxury apartments at the Ede Road site. Ng Shun-moi, an executive at Chinachem, told reporters the company expects to sell the apartments at HK$22,000 per square foot to ensure a reasonable return.
"There is great demand for luxury properties in Hong Kong," the executive said.
Chinachem is controlled by the foundation of late billionaire Nina Wang, who took over the real-estate empire left by her husband, Teddy Wang, after he was kidnapped in 1990 and never heard from again.
The government has held eight land auctions in the fiscal year ending March 2011. It plans to sell another site on Nov. 3, making this fiscal year's land auction schedule one of the city's most active in recent years.
Write to Kate O'Keeffe at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Kristen Stewart
Kristen and Russell have both experienced the pitfalls of a Hollywood breakup. Under scrutiny at the moment for her scandalous affair with director Rupert Sanders, maybe Kristen needs someone to lift her spirits -- Russell could be the perfect guy to make her smile again. Maybe they could sit around eating Ben & Jerry's ice cream and making fun of each other's awkward award ceremony moments.
© 2015 Whalerock Industries


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Thailand forum
Itinary Advice for Newbie
Joined Travelfish
13th July, 2012
Posts: 18
I will travelling Thailand with my friend in end Sep - November, we are looking at doing a 1 month diving course out there and to also travel. We are unsure how to go about this, ie, where about weather wise is best and what times. We where originally looking at doing the diving course all of Nov of Ko Tao, but have read that is the wettest month, so are wondering if we should do the course in Oct, then travel November - December.. but don;t know the best route to take thats the dryest.. Also, if we do travel November, would it be better to start at either Vietnam or Cambodia if the weather would be better then?
Lastly.. (for now lol) any idea of budget for 4 - 5 weeks of travel?
As you can see, I really don't know which is the best option. This is my first time traveling so any help at all would be greatly appriciated!
Thank you in advance to those who reply
#1 Posted: 16/7/2012 - 05:22
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Joined Travelfish
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Posts: 1331
Total reviews: 61
Having seen so many complaints from posters re the shockingly wet periods that can happen in the southern Gulf between November and mid December about one in 4 or 5 years (but not necessarily on a regular basis) and seen the rainfall/wind figures for those particular years, I've always advised travellers that it might be best to avoid that area that time of year unless they really really want to see one of the islands or beaches or go to The Party.
My own personal experience is that my one November visit to Tao way back saw real nice weather. I figure I was lucky - the next year I was on big Ko Chang in mid/late November and there was a constant stream of refugees from Tao/Phangan/Samui complaining of rain, floods, wind and big seas.
One suggestion might be to hit Tao first - late late Sept/real early November might be before the wet gets a chance to ramp up. and it could be one of those 3 in 4 or 5 years when the wet season that side is normal, which means as good as elsewhere.
Thing is all the islands in Thailand tend to be normally in wet season in October/November - but if the southern Gulf is having one of its shockers, other locations tend to be not as bad. I've travelled the Andaman extensively in wet season and never had a shocker. So it may be worth considering doing a dive course out of Phi Phi or Phuket.
#2 Posted: 16/7/2012 - 07:03
Lots of beaches and islands info - http://tezza-thailandbeachesandislands.blogspot.com/
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Posts: 1331
Total reviews: 61
Um, just re-read your OP.
If you are going into December it might be a good idea to delay the dive course until trip's end - in the Andaman the wet season usually is ending some time in the second half of November so Phi Phi, Phuket or Khao Lak may be the go.
Note that statistically, anecdotally and in my experience the wet season tends to end earlier in the EASTERN Gulf. Often all November is pretty good on big Chang, Mak, Wai and Kud. I can't recall seeing a dive school on Mak last March but the other islands have them. Okay islands too.
I can only speak in terms of Thailand budgets - I usually travel single, move on often, stay in budget bungalows but not dumps, eat budget but well, have a drink or 3 but don't party hard - last few trips I've averaged just under 1500 a day on everything once off the aircraft.
#3 Posted: 16/7/2012 - 07:20
Lots of beaches and islands info - http://tezza-thailandbeachesandislands.blogspot.com/
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Posts: 1331
Total reviews: 61
Oops - I didn't see dive schools on WAI, did see them on MAK. Sorry.
#4 Posted: 16/7/2012 - 21:06
Lots of beaches and islands info - http://tezza-thailandbeachesandislands.blogspot.com/
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Posts: 307
You don't have to visit Tao to do dive courses. Oct-Dec is the wettest period for that island. You can do dive courses in Phuket, Krabi or Khao Lak.
#5 Posted: 17/7/2012 - 18:53
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Agree with longbeach, Oct/Nov can be very rainy on Ko Tao. The best weather then is usually further north (northern Thailand/Laos/Vietnam). I also agree with tezza you should leave the dive course for December and do it on the Andaman side (Phuket, Khao Lak, Phi Phi, Lanta, etc). Have to include the usual disclaimer though - it's the tropics and weather can be quite unpredictable and variable year-upon-year. What you actually get might be a surprise.
#6 Posted: 18/7/2012 - 10:04
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Discussion in 'Welcome Center' started by BearFan51, Sep 4, 2013.
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Howdy all.
So the entire old site is nuked, gone completely?
Yep, welcome to the 21st century.
Yup. Gone.
It happened.
Then it happened again!
BF51! Where the hell you been?
Those dirty packer fans kidnapped him. They fed him nothing but beer and cheese, and only allowed him to wear green and gold.
They tortured him!
See.. http://www.dabears.com/threads/old-buggy-dbs-site-link.508/
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[three diff versions]
Date: Sat, 24 Jun 1995 21:33:14 +0100
This is "This is a Call" by the Foo Fighters, tabbed by David and Jamie Worsley. It's good to see that Dave Grohl can perform without Nirvana.
All chord illustrations are from low strings to high.
Tune down half step: Eb Ab Db Gb Bb Eb
Chords used in this song: In parts of this song, there are F - xx3211 G5 - 355xxx two chords played together. With Ab - xx6544 Bb5 - 688xxx two guitarists, it is best for each F5 - 133xxx A5 - 577xxx to play one of the chords. If you=20 Ab5 - 466xxx Eb5 - x688xx are in a one guitar band or just by=20 G - xx5433 C5 - x355xx yourself combine the chords and play= =20 Bb - xx8766 Ab5 (root) - 066xxx the full bar-chord, strumming the=20 A - xx7655 whole guitar.
__________________________________________________________________________ Sound of plugging in Guitar
Intro: F Visiting is pretty, Visiting is good, Ab Seems that all they ever wanted F Ab5 Was a brother. //
Verse 1: F + F5 This'll be a secret, We can keep it good, Ab + Ab5 Even all he ever wanted F + F5 Had a problem.
Chorus 1: G + G5 Bb + Bb5 This is a call to all my A + A5 G + G5 Past resignations. Bb + Bb5 A + A5 This is a call Ab5 (root) Ab5 To all. / /
Verse 2: F+F5 Finger nails are pretty, Finger nails are good, Ab + Ab5 Seems that all they ever wanted F + F5 Ab5 (root) Ab5 Was a market. / / F + F5 Their ballons are pretty, Big and say they should, Ab + Ab Ever fall around, F + F5 Call him magic marker.
Chorus 2: G + G5 Bb + Bb5 This is a call to all my A + A5 G + G5 Past resignations. Bb + Bb5 A + A5 This is a call to all. G + G5 Bb + Bb5 This is a call to all my A + A5 G + G5 Past resignations. Bb + Bb5 It's been too long
Coda: A5 Eb5 Ab5 C5 Eb5 Ab5 x6 // / /// / / //
Repeat Verse 2
Repeat Chorus 2
Repeat Coda
Repeat Intro
Repeat Verse 1
Repeat Chorus 2
Repeat Coda twice Behind last Coda: Ab|-----6-------3-6-----| Eb|-5-5---4-4-4-----4-4-|
Outro Db|-----1-----0-1-| First just this twice.... Ab|---------------| Eb|-1-1---1-1-----|
Db|-----1--1-0-1-| Then this as well four times. Ab|--------------| Eb|-1-1----------|
Db|-----1-3-3-| End with this. Ab|-------3-3-| Eb|-1-1---1-1-| __________________________________________________________________________
This is a Call by the Foo Fighters. Transcribed by Anthony Tong email@example.com Listen to song to piece it together & for exact rhythm. The first time I sent this in I was WAY off.. assuring, isn't it? Normal tuning.