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Season 3, Episode 4
Is a college diploma really worth the paper it's printed on? In this episode of Freakonomics Radio, host Stephen Dubner breaks down the costs and benefits of going to college, especially during an economy that's leaving a lot of people un- and underemployed. The data say that college graduates make a lot more money in the long run and enjoy a host of other benefits as well. But does that justify the time and money? We'll hear from economists David Card, Betsey Stevenson, and Justin Wolfers, as well as former Bush adviser Karl Rove, who made it to the White House without a college degree. Amherst College president Biddy Martin describes what an education provides beyond facts and figures, while Steve Levitt wonders if the students he teaches at the University of Chicago are actually learning anything. Finally, a former FBI agent tells us about the very robust market for fake diplomas.
This episode is a compilation of two earlier podcasts: Freakonomics Goes to College Part 1 and Part 2.
Audio Transcript
Stephen DUBNER: Hello, Mr. Ezell?
Allen EZELL: Yes.
DUBNER: Hi, Stephen Dubner, nice to meet you.
EZELL: Stephen, nice to meet you. And you won't believe what I'm holding in my hand.
DUBNER: Let me guess because I just got a degree in psychic work, so....
EZELL: I'm impressed, over the internet?
DUBNER: Of course, where else? I'm going to say that you have a diploma in your hand, a college diploma from maybe Appalachian State University.
EZELL: Yes, founded in the year 1899. I like their logo down at the bottom.
DUBNER: And what did I get my degree in?
EZELL: Oh, I have no idea; this is a blank.
DUBNER: Oh so it can be whatever I…
EZELL: Sure.
DUBNER: I've always wanted to be a vet.
EZELL: Well, if that turns you on, then that's fine. And I'm sure that the animals would have fun with your children.
DUBNER: And do you maybe also have a graduate degree from Columbia University as well?
EZELL: "The trustees of Columbia University and the City of New York to all persons to whom these represent may come greeting, be it known that having completed the studies and satisfied the requirements for the degree of…" and it's a blank also.
DUBNER: Hot diggity, because I did get a degree in writing there, but I really thought I should have become a doctor instead. So…
EZELL: Hey, you can be whatever you want to be. Remember, I've got two MDs.
ANNOUNCER: From WNYC and APM, American Public Media: This is Freakonomics Radio, the show that explores the hidden side of everything. Here's your host, Stephen Dubner.
DUBNER: On today's show, we're talking about the value of a college degree. Now for the record, I really did go to college. I got my undergraduate degree, in broadcast journalism actually, at Appalachian State University, and an MFA in writing from Columbia. Which is why Allen Ezell brought those particular diplomas to the radio studio. Now, you may be asking: who is Allen Ezell and how did he get hold of these blank diplomas? Well, he used to work for the FBI.
EZELL: I retired in late 1991, and for twelve years I handled what was called Operation DipScam, Diploma Scam. It was a series of investigations on degree mills, diploma mills throughout the United States, and some were abroad.
DUBNER: Here's how it started. One day in 1980, an informant came into Ezell's FBI office in Charlotte, N.C., and laid a couple of fake college diplomas on his desk. He told Ezell about a man in Greenville, S.C., who was selling them. So Ezell made a phone call. He didn't say he was with the FBI. He said he was accountant, hoping to get a promotion …
DUBNER: That first day when you got on the phone with the president of the university in Greenville, South Carolina, what was the name of that university?
EZELL: Southeastern.
DUBNER: Southeastern, and was it a real college at all?
EZELL: That word real…Yes it was. Well, it's a relative term. There was a point in time, probably eleven years before that that it did have a building. There later came a point in time when they had a fire or something when it stopped being real in that sense. And then the proprietor started operating the school out of three rooms of his house.
DUBNER: What was this fellow's name?
EZELL: Dr. Alfred Jarrette.
DUBNER: Okay, so you called him up that day. You called up Dr. Jarrette at Southeastern University, and what did you say to him?
EZELL: We negotiated the price for my bachelor's, master's, and doctorate with no work whatsoever.
DUBNER: Wait, you bought a bachelor's, master's, and doctorate all at once?
EZELL: Sure, triple combo, have it backdated, you know, with transcript.
DUBNER: During that conversation, Ezell made it sound as if he and a colleague might be helpful to Jarrette in growing his diploma business. So Jarrette invited them to visit.
EZELL: He took us on a tour of his house and the three rooms involved. He showed us the school filling cabinet. He showed us our student files, and the other student files. He showed us blank diplomas, transcripts, seals, ribbons, all the trappings that it would take. Now, all of this information we used in our affidavit for the federal search warrant.
DUBNER: Ezell and some other agents put together their case, and then went back to see Jarrette, this time with a search warrant.
EZELL: I tried to explain to him that life is not over. This is just a search warrant. So we spent two or three hours there. We did what we were supposed to. And then we left town and went back to Charlotte. But we later learned the following day when the phone rang that after we had gone Dr. Jarrette went out with a lady friend of his for dinner, started giving away some of possessions, and then went into the bathroom and took a thirty-eight, put it up to his head, and committed suicide. We did not see that coming, we did not see that coming at all. We had not even read all the boxes of stuff that we had. When we did read it we saw that he had approximately six hundred plus graduates over eleven years. We had federal, state, and county employees. We had law enforcement. You name the profession; we had it.
DUBNER: That was Ezell's introduction to the world of fake diplomas. Over the next decade, he helped uncover a huge counterfeit market: companies all over the country, doing millions of dollars' worth of business.
EZELL: The lollapalooza, the biggest one that we've ever seen, called University Degree Program, and they operated from '98 through about '03, by our calculations they grossed four hundred and fifty-three million dollars. And the paper that they sold will pollute the market for years to come. And what makes it even worse, they sold degrees in anesthesiology, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, neurology, obstetrics, oncology, ophthalmology, pediatrics, psychiatry, radiology, surgery, urology, and I would ask you where do you think the people who are employed that bought degrees in those majors?
DUBNER: Well that's what I want to know, Allen, because if you're saying this one firm grossed four hundred and fifty-some million dollars over what, a five-year period, the average price let's say was a thousand dollars let's say.
EZELL: No, it was more. It was about twenty-four hundred and you had a five hundred dollar discount. So let's go in at two thousand.
DUBNER: Even so, that's more than two hundred thousand totally fake degrees. And that's…
EZELL: I told you, they were the lollapalooza.
DUBNER: And that's one firm. That's one firm. So I have two questions for you. One is where the hell are all these fake doctors and how do I stay away from them, and two is if there are two hundred thousand roughly from one firm, how many fakes are we talking about in toto?
EZELL: We have no idea. Let me put it this way, the United States, all the colleges and universities in our country award about one point three million degrees a year. Approximately one percent of that, we believe, is the amount of phony degrees that are sold in our country each year. As to where these people are that bought these degrees, we don't have a clue. And I say that because no one in law enforcement, federal law enforcement chased them. We don't know who they are. We don't know where they're employed. Only occasionally will a graduate flush up. He could be practicing in a hospital. He could have something go awry in a medical procedure and then they start looking at his credentials, and then they find out that he's a phony. You would be shocked at the number of people that buy this garbage and then put it on their resume, and then post this online.
DUBNER: When Ezell retired in 1991, Operation DipScam ended, and, he says, the FBI pretty much stopped investigating fake degrees. The industry has exploded since then, and today, you can buy just about any kind of degree online. There are two basic kinds of operations. One is simply a counterfeiting company, which sells fake versions of real degrees, from the university of your choice. The other is a diploma mill -- essentially a fake university that issues its own degrees, like Southeastern University, Dr Jarrette. So, imagine you've got a low-level job and want a promotion that requires additional schooling, but you don't want to go back to school. You tell your boss you're working on a degree at night. And then, a year or two later, you give your boss your new fake diploma. Thanks, diploma mill!
EZELL: As of today there's no federal criminal legislation regarding using diploma mill paper in this regard.#
DUBNER: You sound as though you're not happy that there is no law against that.
EZELL: Oh no, I've never been happy. The way you get somebody's attention is with some handcuffs. The threat of a civil fine or embarrassment will not do it. We need a federal law that forbids diploma mills, non-accredited institutions, institutions that don't have regional or national acceptable accreditation. It should not be this easy.
DUBNER: Does it still burn you after all these years of pursuing these guys to know that so many people are cheating so baldly?
EZELL: Oh, it always has. I have two daughters: one that graduated from University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, one that graduated from the University of Florida. I have bought counterfeits of both of their school diplomas with transcripts. And I probably paid less than eight hundred dollars for both. And you can imagine the thousands of dollars to send them to school. No, I cannot take away their level of learning that they had by going to school. But by buying a counterfeit I can devalue the piece of paper that they walked out with at the end. Because it undermines all of our legitimate education, every one of us that have spent time, money, effort, sweat, all nighters, it devalues the degrees that we have.
DUBNER: If Ezell's ballpark guess is true, that roughly one percent of college degrees are fake, just think about that. If you work in government, or healthcare, or maybe in public radio, for every one hundred coworkers, one of them is a fraud. You've got to wonder if there's something about how we look at real college degrees that makes a fake one so attractive and so easy to get. Coming up on Freakonomics Radio, we'll talk about real college degrees, and how much they matter. Do you really need one if you want to work in, say, the White House?
Karl ROVE: I was in the last generation stupid enough not to get a college degree.
DUBNER: And later in the hour, we'll look at the rising cost of college.
Betsey STEVENSON: I went to Wellesley College. I think it was a great place, and I saw the other day their tuition for the incoming class and almost spit out my drink.
DUBNER: And if you want more Freakonomics Radio, you can subscribe to our podcast on iTunes. It's a lot cheaper than college. In fact: it's free.
ANNOUNCER: From WNYC and APM, American Public Media, this is Freakonomics Radio.
DUBNER: So today we are talking about the value of college. Earlier, we heard from Allen Ezell, a former FBI agent, who talked about how easy it is to buy a fake diploma. As he told us …
EZELL: You can be whatever you want to be.
DUBNER: You can be whatever you want to be. We say that a lot—parents to kids especially. But what we really mean is: You can be whatever you want to be, but first you need a college degree. Degree mills exploit our collective college anxiety, and they tell people: don't worry about the education, it's the piece of paper that gets you the job. Plus, a real degree is expensive. Not only the money but four years of your life. And, especially when the economy is crummy, it's unclear if that investment is paying off. Here's the thing. When you look around in a variety of fields, you can find some really, really successful people who didn't finish college. And not just in sports and entertainment. I'm talking about people at the top of knowledge fields, where smarts are key. Bill Gates. Mark Zuckerberg. Richard Branson. Even in politics, you can find a few.
ROVE: Hey Stephen, how are ya?
DUBNER: That's Karl Rove, former senior advisor and deputy chief of staff for President George W. Bush, currently a commentator for Fox News and a contributor to the Wall Street Journal. And at first glance, Rove's academic credentials seem to be commensurate with his achievement.
DUBNER: So, here's what I read from your bio, that you were a Colorado native who attended the University of Utah, the University of Maryland, College Park, George Mason University and the University of Texas at Austin. But what I can't tell from that is if you actually graduated college. So tell me if you did or not.
ROVE: No, I never did, otherwise I would say I was a graduate of one of those colleges.
DUBNER: So I'm curious to the degree to which you were leaving college because you were working. It wasn't you were leaving college to eat Cheetos on the couch, right?
ROVE: Well, yeah, no. I left college because I had a greater economic opportunity. You know, I left the University of Utah where I'd been for two years in order to accept a job at the Republican National Committee. At the height of the Vietnam War went to the University of Maryland, lost my student deferment, was almost drafted, went to George Mason in order to keep trying to get the college degree, and same at the University of Texas. And you know, I was cobbling together courses here and there to but each time the chance to get a college degree was stymied by having sort of an unusual opportunity.
DUBNER: In each case, in each of these universities where you were enrolled, were you a political science major?
ROVE: Yes, probably the most useless degree that one can seek, but I'm sort of stuck.
DUBNER: Rove is widely considered a political genius. He was the architect of President Bush's two electoral campaigns, and had a lot of policy influence in the White House. And he's a guy who left college because —well, because it just wasn't worth it to him. He found he could learn more in the field than in a classroom. Listening to him, you start to think: if you can learn so much by doing, why bother getting a degree?
ROVE: But mine's an atypical experience. I think I was in the last generation that could be stupid enough not to get a college degree. We live in a society in which credentials matter. I mean, the Bill Gates of the world who go on to found Microsoft after dropping out of Harvard are few and far between. The Karl Roves who go on to be Senior Advisor to the President after never completing your degree are few and far between.
DUBNER: So as of today, how close are you to getting your undergraduate degree? How many credit hours shy are you?
ROVE: I think I'm about, my language requirement and about, I think about six hours or nine hours beyond that. Math course, science course, and language. The language is going to kill me.
DUBNER: And realistically, how old are you now, Karl?
ROVE: Sixty-one.
DUBNER: Realistically, do you think you're ever going to get your college degree?
ROVE: Let's keep it out there as a goal. Life is about, you know upward, upward vision, about moving towards ever higher plateaus and mountain peaks, so let's keep it out there.
David CARD: We don't really know why people choose different levels of education.
SJD NARR: That's David Card. He's an economist at the University of California, Berkeley.
CARD: Some people think it's all parental background. Some people think it's other attributes.
DUBNER: If you ask an economist a simple question about college -- like: Is it worth it? -- he'll tend to focus on the most tangible outcome, what economists call the "returns to education." Which pretty much boils down to how much more money you'll make if you go to college.
CARD: In my family we have all five possible levels of education. We have somebody who didn't finish high school, somebody who just finished high school, somebody who has kind of three years of college, vocational college, somebody who has a bachelor's degree with a teaching certificate, and then me who has a PhD. And if you just were to look at our family every step of the way, the returns to education are enormous, I mean, totally enormous.
DUBNER: So the one who did not finish high school does what for a living?
CARD: Basically cleans houses.
DUBNER: Yeah, and is the level of educational attainment kind of a conversation in the family or it something that is just known, acknowledged and you know that's the way it is?
CARD: Well, I think like many families, the next generations' people say well should we try and convince this kid to go to college or not, and it's easy to say well look if you go to college you're going to have a little bit easier choices to make. Going forward, I think anybody who has kids who can possibly make it through a bachelor's degree should really think of some way to get them through. Because I don't see much of a future twenty years from now for the kid who doesn't have that.
DUBNER: It's always tempting to cast about for the anomalies, the billionaire who dropped out of college or, on the other hand, the Ph.D. who's driving a taxi. But let's not get distracted by the anomalies. If you want to measure the value of education, you have to think in the aggregate. And that's what economists do. Here's my Freakonomics friend and co-author Steve Levitt, an economist at the University of Chicago.
LEVITT: The best way I think an economist thinks of the value of education is tries to figure out how the markets rewards it, and what other benefits come with it. And one thing is clear is that the market puts a tremendous reward on education. So the best estimates that the economists have are that each extra year of education that you get is worth about maybe an eight percent increment to your earnings each year for the rest of your life. So it turns out for most people buying a lot of education, or at least for the average person let's say, buying a lot of education is a really good deal.
DUBNER: And here's David Card again.
CARD: In addition to that, the one who went to college will probably work for five years longer at the end of their life. They'll probably have less months of unemployment. They'll probably have longer hours of work while they're working. So all and all, their total earnings will be even higher than their standard wage.
DUBNER: I mean, we're talking about, economically at least we're talking about black and white, over the course of a lifetime.
CARD: Massive returns.
DUBNER: Massive, massive. How does this shake out historically? In other words how was this advantage, what did that advantage look like twenty years ago, thirty years ago, do we know?
CARD: It looks like where we are today is as high as it's ever been in the U.S. The low point was about 1975 to '80, actually when I graduated from college. And ironically, a very well known labor economist, a friend of mine, Richard Freeman wrote a book in the late seventies called The Over-Educated American in which he argued that trends were suggesting that too many people were going to college. Now if anybody had followed that advice it would have been the worst possible choice you could have made because starting around 1978, '79 the return has just marched up.
DUBNER: Okay, but what about now, I mean we've had a few years of pretty crappy economy employment-wise. Is it time to start thinking about the over-educated American problem?
CARD: I would say that returns are even higher now because of the recession. People aren't thinking about it right. So they notice that somebody who graduates from college is having a bit of hard time getting a job, or they notice that the unemployment rate for college grads has gone up a little bit. But if you do the right counterfactual and say well what if I didn't have a college degree, it's much worse. The rise in unemployment was much higher for people with just a high school diploma. As has always been true in every recession, the recession is always worse for less educated people.
DUBNER: So is it safe to say then that returns to college education in the United States are historically at a high?
CARD: Yes.
DUBNER: Okay, so if that's the case I guess that's great news for colleges, great news for college professors like yourself, it's great news for people who plan to go to college.
CARD: Well there is a problem. That's the kind of the benefits side of the calculation and we haven't really talked about the cost.
DUBNER: Ah yes: the cost. As former FBI man Allen Ezell told us, you can get a fake diploma for a few hundred dollars. But the real deal? Much, much more expensive.
DUBNER: Hey Bourree, say hello.
Bourree LAM: Hi.
DUBNER: So, Bourree Lam works here at Freakonomics Central. She's editor of the Freakonomics blog, among other things. And you're a fairly recent college graduate yourself, yes?
LAM: Yes, I graduated in 2007 from the University of Chicago.
DUBNER: Good school. And you studied economics at Chicago, yes?
LAM: Right.
DUBNER: So economists always talk about the returns to education, that a college degree hugely increases your chances of making a good living. So you must know these numbers heart?
LAM: Of course, all of us know these numbers are on our side and that statistically make a lot more over the course of their lives than people who don't go.
DUBNER: And you take great comfort in knowing these numbers, I assume, yes?
LAM: More comfort when I was in college than now.
DUBNER: So, what's the problem? Why do they offer less comfort now?
LAM: Well, these are numbers on average. After graduation, a lot of my friends are struggling. A lot of them didn't get the jobs they wanted, they're unemployed or underemployed. They weren't doing what they wanted to be doing. It was hard to look at those numbers.
DUBNER: Right, so these numbers in the aggregate paint this pretty great picture, but if you're not living that life, it's not so pretty.
LAM: Right. So, I called up one of my friends to talk about this. His name is Luke Anable, and we graduated together from the University of Chicago.
DUBNER: Did Luke study economics as well?
LAM: No, he studied English.
DUBNER: And what's Luke doing for a job now?
LAM: He's a bartender in Tuscon.
DUBNER: All right, so let's hear what he had to say.
LAM: Has anybody asked you, like, what are you doing with your degree because of what you're doing?
Luke ANABLE: I think so. I think my parents finally stopped asking that question, which is nice.
LAM: Yeah, I guess in the media and in general there's this conversation about whether college is worth it. So I know you don't have second thoughts about that, you're glad you went.
ANABLE: Yeah, definitely.
LAM: Yeah, but that kind of like, what that next step is is kind of blurry for us.
ANABLE: I think so. And I think for how sort of positive, and confident, and proud I am of the institution, I always felt like the career programming was kind of farcical. You know, it was like the college would hire the people who couldn't get jobs to teach you about how to get a job so they could produce the number of graduates that had jobs. It was just kind of silly. And then I think when you say is it worth it you have to ask worth what? Financially was it worth a hundred and sixty thousand dollars? I mean, I don't know, I probably haven't made a hundred and sixty thousand dollars in the past four years.
LAM: That's okay, I haven't either.
CARD: So if you're thinking about this as an investor,
DUBNER: That's David Card the Berkeley professor we heard from earlier.
CARD: you know, you've got a kid and you're thinking of sending them to college or not, you have to pay a lot of money upfront and then reap those returns later on. And several features of that are difficult. One is the cost that you have to pay upfront has gone up quite a bit, and the second is the uncertainty involved in whether the kid will actually successfully complete the degree. It's a pretty risky investment.
Betsey STEVENSON: I went to Wellesley College. I think it was a great place, and I saw the other day their tuition for the incoming class and almost spit out my drink.
DUBNER: That's Betsey Stevenson.
Justin WOLFERS: I'm actually reading about the Fed right now.
DUBNER: And that's Justin Wolfers.
WOLFERS: Members concurred that the date given in the statement would be subject to revision in response to significant changes.
STEVENSON: Justin's obviously heard that sketch where the whole point of NPR is to bore people into submission.
DUBNER: Stevenson and Wolfers may sound a bit familiar. We've had them on our program before, and they write for the Freakonomics blog. They also happen to live together.
WOLFERS: We start with coauthors, then we move on to having offices next to each other, but yes we also share a home, a life, and a child.
DUBNER: They are both college professors, both of them economists, both of them in the neighborhood of forty years old. Over the course of their careers, they've seen the cost of college climb and climb.
STEVENSON: I mean, it is true that prices have just gone up a lot more than the prices of food, the prices of other sort of goods.
DUBNER: Maybe not gold, but I can't think of any other things that have kept pace with tuition inflation.
WOLFERS: I think a key distinction people need to make is between sticker price, and actual prices being paid. And all of our alarm is about the rising sticker prices. And I have no doubt that the prices that people are actually paying, which is, you know, after scholarships and financial aid, and all these different ways that we can help, I've no doubt that's going up, but it's not going up at anywhere near the rate that the sticker price is going up.
STEVENSON: And it's not surprising that a bunch, particularly of the private schools, have increased the generosity of their aid program, so it's not surprising that their top-end prices would go up to help make that balance.
WOLFERS: Let's think about the school that I know best, which is Harvard, my alma mater. The cost of going to Harvard for a working-class kid has never been lower. It's zero. So that's a case where the sticker price is enormously high, the actual price being paid for a working-class kid is actually much lower.
DUBNER: And what's the incentive for the institution to make public a sticker price that's so out of whack with the actual price for a certain kind of student?
WOLFERS: So, I actually think it's wonderful that Harvard has raised its sticker price. Very few people pay the sticker price, only the kids of the super-rich, the people who get none of this financial aid and assistance, and so on. So the higher sticker price is essentially increasing price discrimination. We're charging the rich more for college. The question we really need to ask ourselves is are we charging the working and the middle class more or less. That's a much, much harder question. Knowing the sticker price tells you very little about that.
DUBNER: So this is a great and important point you're making, but I just want to know where do we find that number?
WOLFERS: You'd call a real education economist, not me.
Ronald EHRENBERG: I'm Ronald Ehrenberg. I'm a professor at Cornell University where I also direct the Cornell Higher Eduation Research Institute.
DUBNER: Ronald Ehrenberg is a real education economist.
EHRENBERG: We Should distinguish between the sticker price, the posted price that students are supposed to pay and the net tuition, which is the price that they pay once you take account of grant aid from the Federal Government, and state governments, institutional aid, and also tax credits that are provided by the Federal Government. And although the sticker price has gone up and very, very rapid rates, the rates of increase in the net tuition, which students actually pay, on average has ben somewhat more modest.
DUBNER: Okay, but still, in most cases, net tuition have gone up too, a lot. So we asked Ehrenberg, where is all that money going?
EHRENBERG: The answer is really that there's no such thing as a free lunch. Economists are very fond of saying that, that education currently is a highly labor intensive industry. And there has not been great productivity growth.
DUBNER: Allow me to translate from economist speak. College is a labor intensive industry because it involves reall human beings, professors in this case, doing a real task in real time, which means you can't just flip a switch and churn out more students. Unless of course you're talking about online education, which is starting to change the college landscape. But let's not get into that for now. So, if you want more productivity, you have to hire more people or pay the same people more money.
EHRENBERG: So, this money all comes in, and the major thing that it pays for are faculty and staff salaries.
DUBNER: And don't forget healthcare, which is a huge part of anybody's salary. So it's a complex situation and there are lots of nuances: like the difference between private and public schools.
EHRENBERG: In private higher education, when tuitions go up, it's usually because the private institutions are spending more on their students. But in public higher education, when tuitions go up, expenditures per student often go down, because in the public sector tuition increases are often efforts to try to make up for cutbacks in state support.
DUBNER: So that's the supply side, what do we know about the demand side, the students? Here are some numbers. Roughly two-thirds of students attending college today receive some kind of financial aid: grants, loans, scholarships, education tax credits and so on. And how much does that aid help? Well, about two-thirds of the students who graduate do so with debt. And their average debt is about $23,000. Now, that's not a trivial amount of money, but if the returns to education are as big as economists say, the math can still work. So for a family thinking about sending their kid to college, but struggling with the cost, it might help to think a bit like an economist, to think about stretching your dollars. Here, once again, is David Card.
CARD: You don't have to live in the dorm. You can live with your parents, which is what they do in all of Europe. You don't have to go to the elite private school. You can go to the best public school you can get into. And, you know, the reality today is the majority of kids going to college are working part-time.
DUBNER So for the most part, this seems like good news. The returns to education are huge. And college, despite some serious tuition inflation, doesn't cost as much as it may seem, at least relative to its value. So does that mean that everyone should go to college?
STEVENSON: I think that people often make the mistake of not thinking through the problem as systematically and thoroughly as an economist would advise. So first of all, there are two major costs of college. Everybody thinks about tuition. But there is another equally important cost, and that's the opportunity cost of not working. So when you go to college you're going to forgo working a job that's going to pay you some kind of salary.
DUBNER: Because right, as you describe it, let's just imagine this mythical eighteen-year-old kid who thinks about it and says, I'm going to go spend four years and probably a whole lot of someone's money, to produce an outcome that is not quite clear to me, versus I'm going to start tomorrow doing this thing that I am already pretty good at and I think I could be great at. That strikes me as a harder dilemma, a tougher dilemma than I think most of us think about. So how do you go around thinking through that muddle?
WOLFERS: So Stephen, I'm going to surprise you, I was that guy. I finished high school in Australia and my great passion in life at the time was horse racing. I wanted to become a professional gambler or a bookie when I grew up. And so when I finished school I was not going to go to college. I thought exactly what am I going to learn in four years of college that I couldn't learn being on the first rung of what I saw as a career path. I had a bookmaker who was going to mentor me, and I thought this was going to be a career that I would really enjoy.
DUBNER: And we should say, and the legality of bookmaking privately in Australia versus here is what?
WOLFERS: So in Australia bookmaking is legal. So this would have been a legal career path. And I was one of those natural experiments. I was very lucky. I got fired two and half weeks, actually one and half weeks into my first job. And at that point I shrugged my shoulders and thought what the heck I'll just go to college now I've got something to do.
DUBNER: So when you see these numbers, when you see such low, relatively low unemployment the more education you have, when you see relatively more money earning, earning more money the more education you have, do you ever wonder how could there every possibly be a debate about the value of college?
STEVENSON: Well, the debate is about is it worth it for the marginal kid, and if it is, what should they be doing, what should they be studying, why is it going to matter for them? And so if you trying to figure out for an individual kids what's going to be the return for them I think it's a lot harder.
WOLFERS: So, if you had to grade some of the exams I've had to grade, the worst kid in my class is the marginal kid. And that kid, most of my students are outstanding, spectacular, they learn a lot, their exams are brilliant, but the students right at the bottom it's not clear they understand a word I said. And so I think, you know, if the alternative is casual work, retail jobs, dead end jobs, going nowhere jobs, then I would say I'd look any eighteen-year-old kid in the eye and say four more years of this isn't taking you anywhere, four more years of college may well take you somewhere. For kids who are going to start a trade, apprentices and the like for whom four years in the workforce is going to be an investment in the future, there I think it's a lot harder. I think if I had a kid who was good with their hands and not academically inclined, and they could find a good apprenticeship, sure I'd encourage them to follow that.
DUBNER: So Wolfers and Stevenson don't think college is right for every kid. But what about their kid? Their daughter Matilda is three years old. And what happens if, fifteen years from now, she has a different idea?
STEVENSON: Well this is a great question because while I like her to think about there being choices in the world…
DUBNER: She has no choice in this matter!
STEVENSON: I do not want her to grow up thinking about whether college is a choice. I would be very disappointed if she chose not to go that path.
WOLFERS: Your question also comes a little late. Matilda actually assured me the other day just before bath time: Daddy I'm going to college.
DUBNER: Coming up on Freakonomics Radio, Steve Levitt tries to explain the magic that happens in a college classroom -- or maybe it's not the classroom.
Steve LEVITT: It is kind of hard when you watch it to figure out where it is that the value is added.
DUBNER: Also, we love hearing from you -- so if you've got something to say, or a question to ask, or a strange fact to share, visit us at Freakonomics.com or drop us a line at email@example.com. Thanks.
ANNOUNCER: From WNYC and APM, American Public Media, this is Freakonomics Radio. Here's your host, Stephen Dubner.
DUBNER: Today, we're asking the question: is college worth it? Economists tell us that college is good for us, and not just in terms of higher pay. People who go to college tend to be healthier, and happier; they tend to live longer. So we know that college works somehow, but how? What exactly does college do to produce all those gains? Here's Justin Wolfers again.
WOLFERS: It's clear to me that college is a good choice for many. It's much less clear to me why. I do the best I can when I teach, but it's not clear that anything I teach the kids is going to make them better business people, or better members of the economy, or more productive. It's not obvious it wouldn't. I'm not really sure what it is. I just know there are effects.
DUBNER: My Freakonomics partner Steve Levitt, at the University of Chicago, has spent the past quarter-century on college campuses, either as a professor or student. And, since he specializes in solving economic mysteries, I went to him with the question:
LEVITT: Personally I have to say I don't know anything about that. I watch the college production function, I watch it produce college students here at the University of Chicago. I was a college student being produced. It is kind of hard when you watch it to figure out where it is that the value is added. So, obviously I teach my students, I teach them very specific things. But I know that when I talk to them years later they don't remember anything that I taught them. I mean, I can ask them the most simple questions about the material we covered and they have no recollections whatsoever, the typical student.
DUBNER: I'm curious, you teach, you teach at least one really big class each year right? The economics of crime is a pretty big class?
LEVITT: A hundred students, not huge.
DUBNER: And then occasionally smaller classes, yeah?
LEVITT: Yeah, mostly for the graduate students. I teach small classes for them, fifteen or twenty students.
DUBNER: Okay, so over your years of teaching, you've been teaching college for how long, more than like twelve, fifteen…
LEVITT: Fifteen years.
DUBNER: Okay, so you've seen a couple thousand people come through, and obviously you can't know much about too many of them. But if you think about your role as a professor trying to, as you put it, teach people, you know, how to think, how to learn to think about things, problem solving and so on, what's just your personal observation of when you're been successful at that or how often you think you may have been successful at helping that?
LEVITT: I think it's, I think it…I would say about five of those students have later written me and said, Hey you really helped me learn how to think. So that's the only direct evidence I have. I give them exams. And my exams are really, a lot of my exams are about how to think. A counter argument to what I'm saying about teaching kids how to think is that the returns that students get from other kinds of education, so real, actual skills like trade schools I think there are real returns. So I did a study many years back that looked at Chicago public schools, and it turned out that the single biggest impact of school choice in Chicago schools was giving kids who were not doing well in the traditional kinds of schools the opportunity to go to trade, culinary school, or schools that actually taught them real skills. So, clearly you can see how going to school to learn real skills like nursing or something like that could have huge returns. The tougher question is these general liberal arts education, what are you learning? And that's something that economists haven't even tried to really think about very much.
Biddy MARTIN: I'm Biddy Martin. I'm president of Amherst College.
DUBNER: Biddy Martin is not an economist. Before becoming an administrator, she was a professor of German and Women's studies. But as a college president, she has thought a lot about the power of education, and what happens to people during those four years. Martin herself grew up in rural Virginia. Her family expected her to go to high school, and do well, but college was another issue.
MARTIN: The family was skeptical of education. They worried about the impact of a college education, especially on girls. They made it clear to me that it was more important for boys to be educated than for me. They grew up in a time and a place when the bias against what they would have called eggheads and overly educated people included among other things I think a fear that people with a lot of education think they're better than those who don't have an education. So they had a fear about being looked down on, I think. They had a fear of loss, that is the loss of children who go off to college and begin to think differently, and as they used to say to me, talk differently. We didn't raise you to talk like that
DUBNER: In high school, Martin had a guidance counselor who encouraged her to apply to college, and over time, her family came around to the idea, even supported her. But their fear that she would change never really went away. And in retrospect … they were kind of right.
MARTIN: I left home and I didn't return to live in that area. I made choices about my life, the kind of work I wanted to do, the people I wanted to be with that were hard for them. And they never ceased being hard for them. It's impossible to learn a completely different way of thinking about things without unlearning what one has already learned. And I think it's important to realize that because it's often the case now that people think about education as the acquisition of new things as if it were an unproblematic and promising process simply of adding to what one already knows or thinks. And the truth is it is transformative, and that means upending a whole set of assumptions about how to see things, what's possible, what's real.
DUBNER: I recently visited my undergraduate alma mater, Appalachian State University. I caught up with a few of my favorite professors, including Joe Murphy, who taught, and still teaches, documentary filmmaking. If you asked me whether I learned a lot from Joe I'd say that yes, absolutely I did. If you asked me what I learned, well, that's harder to say. So I asked Joe to describe, from his perspective, what happens to a kid who goes to college.
Joe MURPHY: I think the best thing people can learn in college is to not be afraid of the new or the different. You know, these people come to college with a walled-off background or experience. You come you come from a high school in a small town, even a high school in a city, they don't know many people, they haven't met many kinds of racial ethnic groups. They haven't been exposed to ideas that are radically different from their parents' ideas. And so what I hope they take away from college, and I think the better ones do, is an openness to other people, other ideas, the great diversity that's in life.
DUBNER: I'll tell you, that's what happened to me. Even a place like Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina, which you would think would be pretty homogenous, some of the best friends I made here happened to be guys on the soccer team. There were the Nigerians, and Keith Lane from Ghana, and my good friend Greg Cuddy from Ireland, who unfortunately has passed away. I mean, it was a UN in the middle of the North Carolina, it was bizarre. No expectation of that. And people would hear I was from New York and they'd think I was urbane, I'm from the boondocks of New York, not from the real part, and so to me coming down all these people were these wildly worldly people.
MURPHY: I guess the negative part for me is people who come to college to accumulate credit hours. And all they're really interested in doing is getting a degree. Because you can definitely get a degree here and know nothing, unfortunately, as I think you can anywhere. It's sad to see young people who set such a low standard for themselves, that's to me crushing. Somebody that's eighteen, nineteen, twenty years old, because chances are good they're going to live that way the rest of their lives, you know? I was a major in economics. The reason I majored in economics because I thought it was interesting. Isn't that a strange reason to major in something?
DUBNER: Think that happens less these days?
MURPHY: Absolutely. People major in what they think will get them a job. People major in business because they think it will get them a job.
DUBNER: Do you blame them?
MURPHY: Um, no, I don't. College is very expensive. People are insisting on some measure to prove that their hundred thousand dollar investment or forty thousand dollar investment is worth it. I can understand that. That's a lot of money. But in reality, I don't think there is a way to quantify the value of college. I know you can look at statistics about people who have a college education are better paid. I think you have to look at how quality of life issues. To me, ignorance breeds hatred. And if you can get people knowledgeable, there will be less hatred, more understanding—that's my theory.
DUBNER: Hey, Katherine.
Katherine WELLS: Hey can I come in for a second?
DUBNER: Sure, what'd we do wrong? This is Katherine Wells, everybody, she produced this program.
WELLS: Sorry to interrupt here, but this has just made me wonder, I'm curious, is there anything you wish you could do but you just don't have the education for it?
DUBNER: I'd like to do surgery, just casually.
WELLS: Right. Casual surgery.
DUBNER: Yeah, but I don't really have the appetite to get that much education, but I'd like to be able to operate on people and animals.
WELLS: Well, I was thinking because when you talked to Allen Ezell, he was the former FBI agent who told us about diploma mills, you told him you'd always wanted to be a vet.
DUBNER: Yeah, a vet, yeah.
WELLS: So the radio staff and I were thinking, we don't want you to be held back anymore, so we have a little present for you here.
DUBNER: This is too good to be true. So it's a brown envelope, mailing envelope, that says congrats, handwritten, not an official stamp, no wax seal. Appalachian State University, the board of regents for the university upon the recommendation of the faculty conferred on Stephen J. Dubner, the degree of doctor of philosophy in Animal Health. Summa cum laude.
WELLS: Congratulations!
DUBNER: Oh my god, thank you so much. This to my untrained eye looks like a legit diploma. Looks real.
WELLS: Yeah, it's very professional.
DUBNER: Where'd you get it?
WELLS: Online, the company I think was called Diplomamakers.com, $190, any degree you want.
DUBNER: Now that I think about it, I don't think I'm one of those people that have my diplomas hanging on a wall. I have no idea where my diplomas are, but…
WELLS: Frame that one.
DUBNER: My PhD in Animal Health is definitely going on the wall. Thank you very much.
WELLS: Anyway, congratulations.
DUBNER: Very thoughtful.


text:
Posted by Royce Young
Nike is doing some kind of viral campaign where Kevin Durant's neighbor pseudo-stalks him to the point where now KD has invited the guy over. There has been a number of videos out showing things from Durant taking the trash out, to ordering pizza to training karate style.
The lastest one though shows off one of my favorite things about Durant - that he drives a big GMC van. Now, yes, Durant has other automobiles that are "cooler" than a giant van, but there's just something very Kevin Durant about him driving a small house for a car.
Though it looks like Xzibit got a hold of Durant's wheels for an episode of "Pimp My Ride." Yo dawg I heard you like basketball so we put a basketball INSIDE your van!
Blog Entry
Video: Kevin Durant shows off his GMC van
Posted on: November 9, 2010 12:22 pm
Edited on: November 9, 2010 12:23 pm
Category: NBA
Tags: Kevin Durant, Video
Since: Jan 27, 2008
Posted on: November 11, 2010 12:58 pm
Video: Kevin Durant shows off his GMC van
Keivin is ROLLIN'
Good for you Kev. Keep shakin the haters off...
Since: Dec 10, 2007
Posted on: November 11, 2010 12:46 pm
Video: Kevin Durant shows off his GMC van
Just another example of someone with way too much money. While others suffer with much, much less. And he could care less.
Since: Dec 11, 2008
Posted on: November 10, 2010 10:45 pm
Video: Kevin Durant shows off his GMC van
Come on MAN who does that to a gmc van but maybe im just jealous
Since: Apr 7, 2009
Posted on: November 10, 2010 1:25 pm
Video: Kevin Durant shows off his GMC van
Can you say STALKER!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
McDonald's in for a Dollar
Soft sales have prompted the burger giant to make a bigger push with its Dollar Menu, which 10 years ago helped with its last turnaround.
"I like that they're $1," Kurzatkowski, 31, said of the cheeseburgers, which he buys about twice a week. While the physician recruiter doesn't think price is everything, he concedes it's a factor.
"I noticed that Wendy's (burgers) went to $1.19," he said. "And I noticed I went there less often."
Kurzatkowski is the quintessential customer McDonald's can't afford to lose.
In the midst of its first soft sales patch in nearly a decade, the Oak Brook-based burger giant is re-emphasizing its Dollar Menu, a 10-year-old idea that became the linchpin of the last turnaround in its U.S. business. The chain is shifting ad dollars to products for $1 and introducing new items to what's been a relatively staid assortment, including the two-patty McDouble, a fried chicken sandwich, yogurt parfait and side salad.
Analysts credit the renewed focus on the Dollar Menu with slowing what could have been a more rapid sales decline, but they underscore that the environment is more competitive than ever. Burger King and Wendy's are hitting hard on value and advertising premium items. The key for McDonald's, experts say, will be introducing compelling new products at attractive prices that keep customers like Kurzatkowski coming through the doors.
"We're aware that consumers are a little unsettled right now," said Neil Golden, chief marketing officer of McDonald's USA. "Whether that's higher gas prices or just overall not having as much week to week, we know the consumer is looking for great values in everything they're doing in the food arena. We want to make sure it's attractive to choose our restaurant."
Although Dollar Menu sales generally comprise just 13 percent to 15 percent of McDonald's sales in the U.S., the offerings do drive traffic to stores, where customers sometimes buy a more expensive product.
"There are those consumers who will make purchases on the Dollar Menu and those customers that are motivated by Dollar Menu (to come in) and see other options that are more appealing to them that day," Golden said.
Leading up to the initial sales decline in October, critics say, McDonald's did not have enough new products in 2012. With a number of new items in the wings for 2013, such as a McWrap sandwich, and other items in test, such as chicken wings, the current Dollar Menu focus likely gives the chain some breathing room.
"You have to have some compelling products in the pipeline to get people to the restaurants," Morningstar analyst R.J. Hottovy said, adding that there need to be some higher-margin impulse items that can easily be added on to meals otherwise based on the Dollar Menu. "You have to have a compelling lineup of those types of products as well."
In December, McDonald's moved its limited-time grilled onion cheddar burger to the Dollar Menu and credited the burger's popularity with better-than expected sales. The product will remain in stores until early June.
This month, as part of a Dollar Menu 10th anniversary celebration, the chain will promote a Hot 'n Spicy McChicken sandwich as a limited-time offer for $1. Also tested: a burger called the McCruncher for the Dollar Menu; it features white cheddar, crunchy onions and a chipotle ranch sauce.
McDonald's chose the spicy sandwich because the chain found "a desire for experimentation" among its customers that was "not limited to specific age, gender, socioeconomic status or ethnicity."
"There's a growing interest in food with bolder flavor," Golden said. "We wanted to make sure we made it easily available to all of our customers. You'll see bolder flavors in a lot of other things we're doing as well."
Cyber Monday sales still on top, but losing some luster California�s top oil regulator quits after 17 months on job 4:26 p.m. How can people safely take control from a self-driving car? Black Friday protests cost Chicago stores 25-50 percent of sales 3:01 p.m. Target.com goes down for an hour on Cyber Monday Testing finds no nuke-disaster radiation in Alaska seafood 4:23 p.m.
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text:
AV Control Receiver with High Quality Amplifier, Decoder Compatible with Blu-ray Disc™ 7.1ch High Quality Audio
Details http://shop.panasonic.com/support-only/SA-BX500.html
AV Control Receiver with High Quality Amplifier, Decoder Compatible with Blu-ray Disc™ 7.1ch High Quality Audio, VIERA Link™, 3 HDMI Inputs, 6 AV Inputs
Replacement Accessories
AM Loop Antenna
In Stock$11.99
Receiver Remote Controls
Remote Control
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More Details
Dolby Digital DecoderDolby® TrueHD, Dolby® Digital Plus, Dolby® Digital EX
DTS DecoderDTS™-HD Master Audio, DTS™-HD High Resolution Audio, DTS™-HD Low Bit Rate, DTS™ ES, Neo:6, DTS™ 96/24
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- Auto Speaker Setup Yes
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Input: 4Hz-40kHz, +/-2dB
BD Player 8CH: 4Hz-40kHz, +/-2dB
- S/N Ratio (IHF A) Digital Input 97dB
FM Frequency Response
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87.5-108.0MHz (100kHz Steps)
- AM Frequency Response 520-1710kHz
- Component Video Inputs/Outputs 3 inputs, 1 output
Output Power - Home Theater Mode
Power Output at 20Hz-20kHz
Front (L/R): 130W x 2 (6ohms, THD 0.7%)
Center: 130W (6ohms, THD 0.7%)
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Surround Back (L/R): 130W x 2 (6ohms, THD 0.7%)
- Total Harmonic Distortion 0.7% (6ohms) (at 20Hz-20kHz)
- S-Video Inputs/Outputs 5 inputs, 1 output
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- Audio Inputs/Outputs 6 in, 1 out
- VIERA Link™ HDAVI Control 3
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- Dimensions (H x W x D) 6 1/4'' x 16 15/16'' x 13 11/32''
- Weight 11 lbs
Owner's Manuals
Owner's Manuals and Documentation
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Where can I order parts for my product?
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The remote control for my Panasonic device is no longer functioning. Is there a remote control code available that will enable me to use another manufacturer's remote to operate this device?
You will have to contact the remote's manufacturer for the codes needed.
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If the unit is not powering on, remove the power cord plug from any power strip it may be connected to and plug directly into the wall outlet.
How can I register for the warranty of my product?
You may register your products online by clicking here. It is not necessary to submit this form in order to effectuate the limited warranty. As long as there is a copy of the receipt, your product warranty begins from the date of purchase.


text:
Tags: two, pretty, lesbians, touch, their, bodies, lust, barn
Categories: Hardcore, Lesbians, Teens, Toy
Submited: 4 years old
Views: 4821
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Section 2257
Two pretty lesbians touch their bodies with lust in the barn


text:
Originally posted by Paul Caplan: Please don't talk down to me any more. The rules say "be nice".
Originally posted by Jim Yingst: [Alton]: Some answers to this question pertains to only one instance, so the rest must also do the same. I don't agree at all. When two answers have different wording, the differences in wording are important. That's what makes it possible to choose one answer instead of another. You can't assume that something stated in answer (E) should be part of your assumptions for answer (D). Down that road lies madness. [ March 03, 2005: Message edited by: Jim Yingst ]


text:
Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises (Part 1) – YouTube
Thank you very much Mr Siegel for your detailed explanation. I am more informed of the anatomy of pelvic floor muscles and functions. I have been suffering from incontinence problems for years and now has aggravated however the urologists here check me up for prostate cancer. … View Video
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10 Tips To Improve Your Sex Life
strengthen the PC (pubococcygeus) muscles. To exercise this muscle, imagine urinating and then stopping the flow. Squeeze for 10 seconds, release, and repeat several times every day. … Fetch This Document
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Http://www.joytoyz.com – Smartballs are fantastic devices to help enable women to strengthen their PC/kegel muscles. Made of body safe material and easy to use. Suggested for … View Video
3-Step Method ToInstantlyLast Longer In Bed
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Pubococcygeus (pyou-bo-cock-si j-e-us) Stop. Kegel time. What are Kegel exercises? Kegel (after Dr. Arnold Kegel) exercises serve to tone and strengthen the pubococcygeus or "PC" muscles which form the floor of the pelvis. … Return Doc
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These muscles play a vital part in your sexual health, and control of them can help men learn ejaculatory control. Once a man locates the PC muscles, he can do special exercises, called kegels to strengthen and control them. … Document Viewer
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A specific muscle in this group- the pubococcygeus (or PC muscle), when contracted, will stop the flow of urine. The other muscles of the levator group also contribute to Kegel Exercise- How to Strengthen Your Pelvic Muscles Created Date: 2/14/2009 4:40:52 PM … View Full Source
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One of these muscles, the pubococcygeus, also known as the PC muscle, goes around the openings for the urethra, vagina, and anus. You want to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles by using them to support your alignment and movement throughout your workout. … Read Article


text:
The songs moms love - as they give birthComment on this story
London - The Diana Ross classic Ain't No Mountain High Enough and Katy Perry's Roar are the most popular songs women choose to listen to while giving birth, says a survey.
The poll, by parenting club Bounty, revealed the increasing trend for playing music on the labour ward. It found that four out of five women said they listened to music during childbirth.
Other favourites included Greatest Day by Take That, Angels by Robbie Williams and You're Beautiful, by James Blunt.
Celebrities also admit to music helping them during labour – DJ Fearne Cotton has said that she couldn't have given birth without music, while the Duchess of Cambridge made a playlist which included Calvin Harris, Bruno Mars and Of Monsters and Men.
Mariah Carey even celebrated the birth of twins Moroccan and Monroe by playing her own hit We Belong Together.
Bounty spokesman Lisa Penney said: 'Research has shown familiar music can help moms feel calm and in control when giving birth.
'And in a practical sense it can also help to block out distractions in the delivery room, such as background noise.'
The poll of 1,030 mothers also found that even though many women said they liked listening to music when they gave birth, two thirds – 61 percent – could not actually remember which song their baby was born to.
And although classical music is generally considered more relaxing, Bach's Ave Maria was the only classical piece to make the top ten, along with the Beatles track Let it Be, the Circle of Life from the Lion King, I'm Every Woman by Chaka Khan and Empire State of Mind by Alicia Keys and Jay-Z.
Lisa Penney added: 'We've seen a growing trend for creating playlists for labour – although you may want to consider whether head-banging heavy metal will really create the most relaxing environment to welcome a baby into the world.' - Daily Mail
For support and fun on your parenting journey, join our Babynet forum....
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text:
There are known knowns. These are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we know we don't know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we don't know we don't know.
Donald Rumsfeld is finally admitting that the spread of democracy in Iraq following the war was "unrealistic." But don't get too confused, Rumsfeld doesn't regret the initial decision to invade Iraq, he just blames President George W. Bush for setting an unattainable agenda of nation building in the war ravaged nation.
MARTIN: Did you feel it was your fault?
RUMSFELD: No
MARTIN: You were responsible, but it wasn't your fault?
RUMSFELD: Sure … Exactly
Rumsfeld's direct jab at the Bush administration (of which he was a crucial part) is a departure from other recent attempts to revise the history of the Iraq war by Republicans. Some Republicans, namely the executed neocons, have seized upon the rise of ISIS in Iraq to attack President Obama and critics of the war. In an effort to defend his brother, expected GOP presidential hopeful Jeb Bush, slammed President Obama for following the Status of Forces agreement set by former President Bush to withdrawal U.S. troops from Iraq by the end of 2011. Bush ignored the agreement to argue that Obama "could have kept the troops in and he could have had an agreement," adding "the United States had enough influence to be able to deal with the immunity issue."
For his part, it was Rumsfeld's understanding all along that Iraq was meant to be invaded by the U.S. but not rebuilt by the U.S. Former commander of the Army Transportation Corps, Brig. Gen. Mark Scheid claimed that Rumsfeld threatened to fire any Pentagon officials planning for the rebuilding phase of the war.
H/t: DB


text:
I am going to the Sewing Expo Feb. 28 so have been checking out some vendors. Has anyone ordered from here? I can't find a review. She had Talking Patterns to guide you through the whole process. I made a note to stop by there but I am trying to find out some info first.
Our message boards here at PR have a search function at the top, but under all the large tabs. You can search "Londa" for titles as well as Messages and there will probably be something there than can help you.
------ iPad's auto-correct is my enema.
I took a class from Londa at last year's Atlanta Sewing Expo and purchased 2 of her talking patterns. The class was about creating different necklines on knit tops, and was really enjoyable. I starting listening to one of her talking patterns (Londa's Nifty Necklines), but realized that I really needed to perfect my basic knit t-shirt before I jumped into jazzing it up (I'm pretty much a beginner at garment sewing). I was just thinking that I need to get back into it now that I feel pretty comfortable with the t-shirt (Pamela's Patterns). From what I listened to, the pattern was good at giving new ideas. I'm sorry, I know this probably isn't much help. She did do a great job at the Expo, and has some awesome ideas.
I don't know about her classes, but I purchased two of her books from Nancy's Notions not too long ago. "Londa's Upscale Techniques for Knit Tops" and "Londa's Nifty Necklines for Knit Tops" are both very well written and give excellent tips on working with knit fabrics as well as ways to jazz up your necklines. I took Pamela Leggett's Perfect T-shirt class before these books came out and found out when I was reading that they are recommended to go along with #104, Pamele'a T-shirt pattern. If you haven't sewn with knits very much, I'd highly recommend the first book to accompany that pattern and to give you lots of info about sewing with knits in general. The second book is what I need to start using on all the T's I'm making with that pattern!
* Advertising and soliciting is strictly prohibited on PatternReview.com. If you find a post which is not in agreement with our Terms and Conditions, please click on the Report Post button to report it.
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text:
Learning how to be patient can be a difficult skill to acquire -- as many parents of young children can attest! Recommended for ages 3-6, the new picturebook Betty Bunny Loves Chocolate Cake by Michael Kaplan with delightful watercolor illustrations by Stephane Jorisch, humorously portrays Betty Bunny's efforts to tame her desire for instant gratification and perfectly captures this battle of the will that so many of us (younger and older alike) struggle with!
Read more »


text:
…"arise, go over this Jordan, you and all this people, to the land which I am giving to them—the children of Israel". Joshua 1:2
There has been a specific theme running through the messages at MSC over the last few weeks. That message, in a nut shell: "understand what faith is, "rise up and go"! and begin to take hold of a life of faith, a life promised to you by God, in your home, your city, maybe even in another country".
If you desire to see more of God's promises realized in your life this week, listen to the messages (links below).
If you have sensed that call in your life, the call to "rise up and go", but are not sure where you are to go, listen to the messages.
If you simply need encouragement today, a reminder that God does have a plan and is working it out in your life, listen to the messages!
– MSC Admin
"But as it is written:
"Eye has not seen, nor ear heard,
Nor have entered into the heart of man
The things which God has prepared for those who love Him."
1 Corinthians 2:9
"From of old no one has heard
or perceived by the ear,
No eye has seen a God besides You, who acts for those who wait for Him".
Isaiah 64:4
Message Links:
A Life lived for God – Matthew 9:35-10:15
His Commission…Our Obsession – Joshua 1
Rahab vs. The Egyptian Army – Hebrews 11:29-31


text: PagesPrevious 1 of 11 Next View All PagesPrevious 1 of 11 Next View All Paint For a restful space, choose muted, calming paint colors. To reduce the pollutants in your bedroom, use a low-VOC (volatile organic compound) product. More Like This Style Guide: Illuminate Your Bedroom Style Guide: Bedroom Color and Pattern Style Guide: Bedroom Accents


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: OPEN MIC - the Spleen Venting Thread (Oct 28th - Nov 3rd)
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Horrible Warning Si
Oct 30th 2011
Here is your judgement-free space to vent, rant, show-off, smug-it-up, scream silently into the face of Internet apathy, and generally trepan your pressurized consciousness after Another Tough Week.
Instructions: Tell us about the last seven suns. Tell us what you hate, what you love, what's pissing you off. Tell us what's broken about the world, tell us what you want. Tell us how you plan to change everything, tell us what you're building in your basement, or, hell, just dance or play a tune.
I, we, and all of us are here for you. Smash your wordvenom against us.
I'll start us off. Based on one or two early rumours, which I sincerely hope are nothing more than that, I'm hearing that a stalwart of the comics and novel-writing worlds - as well as a respected member of various online communities I've been a part of myself, including the WEF - has left us. RIP Jens H. Altmann.
Rachæl Tyrell
Oct 30th 2011
Oh, that's terribly sad. I liked Jens. I remember him from the WEF days.
Oct 30th 2011
Hate: How easily I get tired. I ended up not doing fun things last night because I couldn't manage to force myself to get off my ass. Trying to not hate myself for it.
Love: Costumes, masks, and dressing up for Halloween.
Pissing me off: Still haven't found an apartment. Every possibility so far has fallen through. Seems I am very capable of making a fool of myself, or too picky, or something. Also, it seems a co-worker has started to dislike me, and while I'm trying to not let it get to me, it is frustrating. It isn't the first time a co-worker has gotten cranky at me because I'm not an incredibly fast worker. I try my best and push myself hard, but I do get tired and sometimes my focus isn't there. Granted, these are also the same sort of people who get mad at me for using big words. Yes, I like odd things and find pretentious language amusing. I also like to abuse language with pop culture nonsense. Fucking hell.
Broken about the world: Too much to list.
Wanted: To not be a fuck up anymore. Seems unlikely.
Things I'm working on: I'm finishing some masks that I'm using for my costume (cat burglar). The costume is generally finished otherwise, except I'm at a loss of what to do for a utility belt/bag.
Oct 30th 2011
A friend of mine at the local college was recently found dead. They think it was a murder. It's changed the feeling of Halloween for me and my friends. It's scary not knowing... Is there a guy out there waiting to kill again? Was this random? I... I don't know. It doesnt feel really real at this point, more a haze, as if when I wake up in the morning it'll just turn out to be the worlds worst Halloween joke...
But I don't think that will really happen.
Oct 30th 2011
@Rootfireember: Wow. I'm very sorry to hear it. I hope whatever the cause is, it is the least sinister possibility. Just... damn.
Oct 30th 2011
Hmmm. Sunday evening, and I've managed to totally avoid starting work on an RPG project I've finally begun getting enthused about again. Maybe if I become a caretaker at a isolated wilderness lodge.
@Rootfireember: I just heard one of my college buddies is having troubles, and have been feeling pretty bad about not being able to help . . . but losing a friend outright under awful circumstances like that takes the cake. I sure as hell it turns out to be a joke, but it not, hang in there and take care.
Oct 30th 2011
I'm looking at two months where I'm essentially trapped doing three jobs at the same time. Last week the work days averaged to about 16 hours, including Saturday, and looks like that's how it's going to be 'till the end of the year. Getting nasty flashbacks from the insane entrepreneur years when I did 18 hour work days for two week stretches straight. I guess 2012 will see me as a sleep deprived trembling wreck of a human being :S
Wouldn't be so bad, I guess, unless I was literally more broke than I was when unemployed. Adds a whole new flavor to the stress.
Oct 30th 2011
@Root *hug* I'm sorry you've lost a friend in such a terrible way. And you can't quite grieve until you know you don't have to fear for yourself and all the other folks near to you. Hang in there, keep your head on straight. I'm thinking good thoughts for you.
Fighting to get my feet under me, to not be surprised & flatfooted when every day brings new demands. Even the ones I anticipated I don't feel quite ready for. How obnoxious. I really wanted to make more of this October, and it's been all I could do to just keep breathing. I do have a bit too much on my plate and there's not much I can do about that for a while. However, it's not so much that a truly competent person couldn't handle it, if with some stress. But I'm fighting myself furiously to not fall into my lazy patterns of assuming I don't need to get shit done until I absolutely do...and I don't think I'm winning. Ugh. How annoying.
Tomorrow's Halloween and I want to get up the decorations I've been whining that the house needs. I could have done it this weekend but...didn't. I also have a really big Japanese test tomorrow night (mega suck that it's on Halloween; super uber mega suck that it'll keep me from the Amanda Palmer & Neil Gaiman event at the El Rey) and I'm freaked out about it, pretty sure I'm not ready for it. I could have studied before today but ...uh...
My sister is getting married on Wednesday. She's fought tooth and nail to keep it low key, simple, etc. And yet somehow there's a lot of crap to do anyway. Thank the good lord she's going with simple. WE would all be insane & biting each other, otherwise. I'm resolved not to think about it now until after the test.
I can't remember much of this week that just went by other than there was a lot of family and my dad was sick (he has a bone marrow biopsy coming up), and I've spent it feeling completely discombobulated by trying to find the right way to deal with everything that makes up my life.
Nov 1st 2011
@Root - Wicked sorry to hear about your friend. Saying "that sucks" just doesn't cover it.
I'm going in a million directions at once right now. Work has been totally overwhelming for the last several weeks and probably wont let up for another several months.
I'm still trying to work out the custody deal with my ex without having to get lawyers involved and that is going glacially slow. To me there is only one way to do things that is objectively in my daughter's best interest, but my ex "doesn't trust [me]" so we have to take a tiny step forward and then let her decide that it isn't really some ploy on my part to take her daughter from her.
Yesterday in the shower, it occurred to me that some time last week was the 15th anniversary of the murder of a friend of mine so my Halloween started out pretty shite. Fortunately work didn't give me a chance to think much about it and I had a date to look forward too.
The date... it was our third in just over a week. And with the exception of a few political differences (we tend to agree on my personal hot button issues) she appears to be my girl kryptonite. Last night while talking about hardcore bands of about 10 years ago, we realized she's the second cousin of one of my best friends growing up. To add some context, she's from Florida and I'm from just outside of Boston, so we grew up well over 1000 miles apart. We spent an amazing evening with beer and laughter that ended with us standing on the street, snogging in the cold. I didn't get home until about 2am and I'm exhausted, but excited about this shiny new thing in my life. While trying not to get too ahead of myself. It's only been about a week (and three dates and probably 30 e-mails and... See... need to chill out).
Nov 1st 2011
Getting my no-bullshit gaming/nerd blog back up and running has seen all of my extra time since about last Wednesday, I suppose. I started it last year, but then life happened and I couldn't maintain it, or keep on top of friends that wanted to help maintain it so it just kind of sat around collecting dust until the hosting plan died and I didn't have the money to renew it. I kept the domain registered though and a friend that was helping me before on it went ahead and paid for the hosting. So we're back in business. Looking at going live Thursday morning with about 8-10 articles. It's really looking good so far, like we actually know what we're doing. It's just been kind of stressful trying to write articles, design images for the articles, make sure the site is looking okay, etc. If any writers on here want to contribute stuff that would be awesome, I'm looking to monetize and be able to pay people within the next year if it all works out. I just have to keep telling myself that I can do it. I"m more of an editor/art director person and not much of a writer to be honest. I just hate most of the major geek/nerd/gaming blogs out there right now because they all seem to pander to money.
Oh, and I decided that I'm not drinking for the entire month. We really can't afford ANY unnecessary expenses this month, and the $30-$40 I spend on beer in a month falls into that. It just means that I won't be sleeping until 2-3 AM every night and the wife is not going to be happy about going to bed alone. On the other hand, HEY MORE TIME TO DO STUFF!
Rachæl Tyrell
Nov 1st 2011
@rootfireember - I hope your fear of danger can pass so you get to properly mourn the loss of your friend.
@sellmeyoursoul - no. don't chill out. this is the part that is awesome. people are supposed to go mad and loose themselves like this, they just get conditioned to not do it anymore. That overexhuberant way that you were at age 16 is how attraction and affection is supposed to go. Revel is feeling so alive. Even if it crashes, it's too worth it to be so giddy over the potential of a person to not embrace it. A MILLION EMAILs!!!
(i'm a bit of a ridiculous romantic though. maybe you shouldn't listen to me)
Nov 1st 2011
Right, so...
GOOD: Got a few freelance jobs. One is a regular paying social media job and the other is a photo/film shoot of a Deadmau5 concert on Saturday. The latter involves me picking up some gear that lets me do timelapse photography (my camera will be left for about three days, with me coming in every 12 hours to change the SD card) and that's...pretty exciting. It was hell to find the gear, but I'll be picking it up tonight with test runs being set to go tonight and tomorrow.
I also went to
my first beer event
on Sunday which was a LOT of fun, but in hindsight I should have brought a friend to watch over me and I should have drank a lot less than I did. When I miraculously got home alright I was in pretty bad shape. But I guess I'm good now. Still, fun event.
Also got told that I might be on television in January. A lifestyle-type show is interested in having me come on and talk about beer and the thirsty wench. I'm to follow up in a couple of weeks and see if there's a confirmed date/time they have in mind.
ALSO also, my beer, Pumpkin Patch Panic, turned out wonderfully.
BAD: Well, aside from the events of Sunday seeming to really mess up my stomach (I get motion sickness very easily right now)...not a whole lot. Just general feelings of dread and feeling my singleness more and more as friends tell me about their relationships.
Bombus Hortorus
Nov 1st 2011
@Rootfireember: That's horrible - shocking when someone dies suddenly, Especially if there is suspicion that it was deliberate.
@sellmeyoursoul: ha ha, yes what Rachael says! that's the fun part... Good luck with it all
@oldhat: great news about the jobs, and about being on telly.
I'm just treading water really. After one day last week where I felt really good, I'm back to feeling various degrees of rubbish. really, really frustrated today – I had no meetings in my diary at work, and was expecting to get a lot done, but just ended up totally unable to concentrate or focus on anything, lost a huge amount of time fiddling pointlessly with Illustrator, and ended up going home having achieved nothing. I've got a full day of meetings tomorrow, and probably am about a week behind were I need to be without anything like the energy I need to deal with it.
In good news: my middle daughter started her new school yesterday, and seems to really like it – even though they seem to have some really weird morning ritual involving lining up and dancing to Abba. But she seems happy to have moved, which is the main thing. And we went to my oldest daughter's parents evening tonight, talked to her teachers for maths and English, and she seems to be doing really well – especially in her writing where she's a couple of levels ahead of where they expect her to be right now. So very pleased about that, as I was a little bit nervous of being told that she was a borderline sociopath, given the way she's been behaving at home...
Nov 1st 2011
@Rachael - I'm totally reveling in it. First kisses last night - Win! More please. But one horrible 10 year long relationship/messy divorce after the last time I just let myself completely go, I feel I need to periodically step back and remind myself that my brain is producing opiods to make me feel this way. High people don't always make great choices. (see my getting engaged while recovering from back surgery i.e. - on a lot of Percocet).
@Oldhat - Um... relationships... kissing... who likes that? Bah! (I'll shut up now before I become yet another #robinleblancfacts statistic)
Cameron C.
Nov 1st 2011
Last night at 1:44 am I sent my third ~30 page comic (This one is I think only 25 pages of story, though ;_; ) to be printed in the last three years. I started trying to do this right after I lost my job in December of 2008 and by 2009 started I was moved in with my father and trying to learn how to doodle. Now I've got over 100 pages of this comic done (Only like 9900 more until I make a good one!), have sold copies to people in almost two dozen different countries, and had a short comic I did reviewed quite nicely on The Comics Journal website.
And this morning I signed all the papers and stuuuuuuff and I have video training sessions Thursday and Friday and a full shift on the floor Saturday at my new job. first in THREE YEARS AND IM SO EXCITED OMGUH.
It doesn't look like it'll be too many hours, but I'm in a very fortunate living situation right now and it's close enough that I can walk to work if I don't wanna spend the gas. This should be enough to let me get by. Kinda nice 24 hours it's been D:
Nov 2nd 2011
I started plotting a novel today (not as part of NaNoWriMo).
what the fuck is WRONG with me
Nov 2nd 2011
Fist things first...
@Root - Sorry to hear about your friend. that's no way for a person to go. Truly sorry.
@Singularity Jones - Keep it up Jon. We'll shoot the shit when i next get down to London.
@Oldhat - if you go on TV, YOU MUST PUT THIS ON YOUTUBE!
Right now down to business....
so Sigga finally went to the fertility doctor last week. And... it's actually fairly good news! apparently her reminaing overy is still functioning well. However It looks like Sigga's internal layout is pretty hostile to conceiving properly which may explain our difficulties. The doc doesn't want to waste time, so we go for blood tests later this week and then we're going to do some "Turkey Baster" fertility methods - sexy... This of course all costs money, one procedure costing approx $560 dollars. This means that i have to start writing like an aggressive motherfucker to earn some bread to pay for it.
But it's still game on to produce the Golden child.
Another thing happened to me recently. Last night i received this package from an old school firend...
I had no idea what was in it. When i opened the package, i found a DVD with a note saying "Sorry it took so long. Remember this?" so i put the DVD on...
It was a primary school production of "The Pirates of Penzance" and i played the part of the Major General. I was 11-ish and a decent boy soprano. Needless to say i died several lives of shame througout the showing. the wife nearly broke a rib in laughter. God i was a chunky child.
Peple have asked me to upload a section - THEY CAN GO FUCK THEMSELVES! I'M not falling for that one again. But to keep you off my back, here is a screenshot...
Angelic eh? NOW LEAVE ME ALONE!
Rachæl Tyrell
Nov 2nd 2011
I'll be letting that collaborative site of mine (
The Sticky Friends
) expire in three days. It's... healthy to do. And it's pointless to keep. But it does feel weird. I'm a hoarder of online content, and I really do like most of what we created together, but... it's not something i should tie myself to anymore.
mister hex
Nov 2nd 2011
Ahem. Is this thing on?
I have an amusing story about my friend's child. His name is Jack and he's four and, predictably, went out for Halloween recently. Dressed as a car, if you must know -(a cardboard box with WORKING HEADLIGHTS- this is important, the boy's two principle obsessions are cars and light bulbs, for some reason.) Now, this was a bit tough, as he's four, strapped into a cardboard box, with lights and presumably some sort of power supply, so he had a hard time going up steps and ALL the houses in his neighborhood have steps up to the front door.
So the first fifteen minutes of trickortreating, he's polite and all "thank you" and "please". After this, he'd bang on the door and declaim in a vigourous voice only a four year old boy could replicate "WHAT HAVE YOU GOT FOR ME?!"
@ icelandbob - we always KNEW you were the Very Model, sir. How are you at Differential Calculus and Beings Animalculus? (You realize WE'LL NEVER LET YOU LIVE THIS DOWN and will heartly ridicule you for this, once you're shanghai'd to entertain us in Canada. Oh, how we'll laugh.)
Nov 2nd 2011
ugh. spent two hours in a dentist's chair this afternoon getting another tooth pulled out & implant inserted. the first time i had this done, i was in & out in 45 minutes. this time, the dentist had to make sure he gets the second implant in at a different angle, plus deeper in the bone than the first one. so, there's lots of drilling, scraping, and endless novocaine injections.
oh, and pain.
holy mother of fuckin' jump-shot jesus. it got to the point where he had to inject novocaine inside the drilled-out hole onto the nerves directly.
i'd post the yanked tooth on the SPIT thread like i did a few years ago, only this one isn't doesn't possess a root that's all green and has the insides all corroded out from the bacteria chewing away at the metal pin (although it's starting to go to that route, which is why i had it yanked). but as of this moment all my firewire & USB ports are plugged up with external HDs & my MBP's rendering non-stop a total of 93 videos in AE since... 21 hours & 59 minutes now. there's still 25 videos left to go. honestly can't wait to get this shit video job done & over with.
oh wait... photobooth works! here's a crap pic for now:
i'm just happy my fiancée was there with me this time around.
1 to 20 of 50


text:
Texas Roadhouse isn't usually open for lunch on Fridays, but Black Friday is an exception, said manager Brian Agee.
- Filed Under
What's busier than Target or Kohl's or Muncie Mall on Black Friday?
The McGalliard Road restaurants that cater to Muncie Black Friday shoppers, the eateries where those shoppers on a nearly around-the-clock quest for doorbusters stop to eat a meal or just take a break.
"We love Black Friday," said Donna Downham, general manager of the Bob Evans restaurant at McGalliard Road and Wheeling Avenue, in the most prominent corner of one of the busiest intersections in the city. ...


text:
Sta-Rite Collector Hub Assy. Cristal-Flo - Wc137-51
No. 5 Image Shown AboveSTA-RITE COLLECTOR HUB ASSY. T-170 BP - WC137-516P Used on Purex (Pentair) Filter Series Replacement PartsSta-Rite is manufactured by Pentair Pool products, Pentair Water pool and spa and Sta-Rite a common name in pool filter parts. The schematic diagram of filter parts, Pentair pool filter parts, Pentair Products, Pentair filter parts and spares (spare filter parts) are listed. Always low prices and fast shipping. Discount Sta-Rite (Pentair) Cristal-Flo, HRPB, HRP, HRS, Pantera, System 3, Waterford, DEP, DES, TXC, Posi-Flo, Posi-Flo II, System 2, swimming pool filter parts and other swimming pool filter parts are always in stock and available.Back To Sta-Rite Cristal-Flo High Rate Filter Parts T-150BP-1,T-170BP-1, T-200BP-1, T-240BP-1, T-300BP Replacement PartsBack To Sta-Rite / Swimquip Waterford Series Sand Filters JSAL-01, JSAL-15, JSAL-17, JSAL-20, 24200 24201, 24203
Related parts recommended for installation or repair
Sta-Rite Lateral, Long (T-150,170,200bp) - 24600-0003
|Now $5.30 was $5.89
|More info >


text:
Pentax teases new K series camera in US
updated 01:35 pm EDT, Wed May 13, 2009
Pentax K Teaser in US
Pentax today supported rumors by posting a teaser on its home page for a new digital SLR. Calling it only "the new K," the company shows a top portion of the camera and is running a countdown that ends on May 20th, when the announcement takes place. No clues are given as to what features the camera would have other than familiar DSLR features like a flash hot shoe.
The news follows weeks after a similar effort in Japan and supports rumors that the new camera is the K7D, the company's first true high-end DSLR rather than a simple replacement for the K20D. These claims have maintained that the K7D would have a new autofocusing system, burst shooting up to 5 frames per second, a viewfinder with 100 percent coverage and a fast 1/8000 shutter speed. Some have also suggested it may be the first Pentax pro camera to offer video shooting, at 720p.


text:
From PC-BSD Wiki
Revision as of 22:18, 28 August 2013 by Tigersharke (Talk | contribs)
- "You will not apply my precept," he said, shaking his head. "How often have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth? We know that he did not come through the door, the window, or the chimney. We also know that he could not have been concealed in the room, as there is no concealment possible. When, then, did he come?"
- --Sherlock Holmes in The Sign of the Four, ch. 6 (1890)
The Checklist
Just as Sherlock Holmes would investigate a crime, there is a bit of deductive reasoning involved in solving computer and software problems. Therefore, the first things to verify are usually the most obvious and may seem like a waste of time, but its essential to eliminate them before continuing. This generic checklist should help in your search for the truth and development of a solution to the problem.
Specific Areas
Locations that troubleshooting is mentioned.
- Advanced Installation Topics
- Booting Into PC-BSD®
- Connect to a Wireless Network
- Create a User Screen
- Display
- Display#Troubleshooting
- GDM Configuration
- Installation Finished Screen
- Installation Troubleshooting
- Language Screen
- Life Preserver#Configuration Options
- Logging In
- Network Configuration
- Network Configuration#Troubleshooting Network Settings
- PBI Module Builder Guide
- PC-BSD® Forums
- PC-BSD® Live Mode
- PC-BSD® Users Handbook
- Post Install Finished Screen
- Post Installation Configuration and Installation Troubleshooting
- Power Management
- Printing
- Printing#Printer Troubleshooting
- Remote Desktop
- Set Root Password Screen
- Sound Configuration
- Starting the PC-BSD® Installation
- System Manager
- System Manager#Generating a Diagnostic Report
- Talk:Installation Troubleshooting
- Talk:PC-BSD® Users Handbook
- Time Zone Selection Screen
- Using VirtualBox
- Using VirtualBox#Troubleshooting VirtualBox
Additional Resources
Pages in category 'Troubleshooting'
The following 84 pages are in this category, out of 84 total.


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This group is a funk based project that works off dj loops mixed with live improvisation. We have been playing songs from my new disc as well as re-imagining arrangements and feels for some of the older tunes. This is very experimental and exciting come be part of this genetically modified funk.