text:
The electronic structures, formation energies, and band edge positions of anatase TiO2 doped with transition metals have been analyzed by ab initio band calculations based on the density functional theory with the planewave ultrasoft pseudopotential method. The model structures of transition metal-doped TiO2 were constructed by using the 24-atom 2 × 1 × 1 supercell of anatase TiO2 with one Ti atom replaced by a transition metal atom. The results indicate that most transition metal doping can narrow the band gap of TiO2, lead to the improvement in the photoreactivity of TiO2, and simultaneously maintain strong redox potential. Under O-rich growth condition, the preparation of Co-, Cr-, and Ni-doped TiO2 becomes relatively easy in the experiment due to their negative impurity formation energies, which suggests that these doping systems are easy to obtain and with good stability. The theoretical calculations could provide meaningful guides to develop more active photocatalysts with visible light response.
Keywords:First principles; Transition metal-doped TiO2; Electronic structure; Formation energy; Band edge position
The discovery of water photolysis on a TiO2 electrode by Fujishima and Honda in 1972 [1] has been recognized as a landmark event. Since then, TiO2 has attracted extensive attention as an ideal photocatalytic material because of its excellent properties such as high activity, good stability, nontoxicity and low cost. Thus, it has been widely used in the fields of renewable energy and ecological environmental protection [2-4]. However, as a wide band gap oxide semiconductor (Eg = 3.23 eV), anatase TiO2 can only show photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation (λ < 387.5 nm) that accounts for only a small portion of solar energy (approximately 5%), in contrast to visible light for a major part of solar energy (approximately 45%). Therefore, how to effectively utilize sunlight is the most challenging subject for the extensive application of TiO2 as a photocatalyst. In the past decades, many efforts have been devoted to extending the spectral response of TiO2 to visible light, including energy band modulation by doping with elements [5-11], the construction of heterojunctions by combining TiO2 with metals such as Pt or Pd [12,13] and other semiconductors (such as MnO2[14], RuO2[15], and WO3[16]), and the addition of quantum dots [17] or dyes [18] on the surface of TiO2 for better light sensitization.
Because of the unique d electronic configuration and spectral characteristics of transition metals, transition metal doping is one of the most effective approaches to extend the absorption edge of TiO2 to visible light region, which either inserts a new band into the original band gap or modifies the conduction band (CB) or valence band (VB), improving the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 to some degree [19-24]. For example, Umebayashi et al. [5] showed that the localized energy level due to Co doping was sufficiently low to lie at the top of the valence band, while the dopants such as V, Mn, Fe, Cr, and Ni produced the mid-gap states. Yu et al. [21] reported that the density functional theory (DFT) calculation further confirmed the red shift of absorption edges and the narrowing of the band gap of Fe-TiO2 nanorods. Hou et al. [22] showed that new occupied bands were found in the band gap of Ag-doped anatase TiO2. The formation of these new bands results from the hybridization of Ag 4d and Ti 3d states, and they were supposed to contribute to visible light absorption. Guo and Du [23] showed that Cu could lead to the enhancement of d states near the uppermost part of the valence band of TiO2 and the Ag or Au doping caused some new electronic states in the band gap.
Even though the effects of the transition metal-doped TiO2 have been investigated frequently, it remains difficult to make direct comparisons and draw conclusions due to the various experimental conditions and different methods for sample preparation and photoreactivity testing. At the same time, because of the lack of the detailed information about the effects of metal doping on crystal structures and electronic structures, there is still much dispute about these issues. In comparison with the experimental investigation, the theoretical analysis by computer simulation can be a proper method to clarify the effects of transition metal doping in detail.
In order to systematically investigate the influence of transition metal doping into anatase TiO2, we adopted the planewave ultrasoft pseudopotential method within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) to calculate the electronic structures, formation energies, and band edge positions of supercells, in which a Ti atom was substituted by a transition metal atom. Considering the accessibility of the doping metals, the 3d transition metal atoms (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) and the 4d transition metal atoms (M = Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Ag) were studied in the present work. Moreover, the present calculation results were compared with the experimental results reported in the literatures. The conclusions are important to understand the reactive mechanism and optimize the performance of TiO2 photocatalysts that are active under visible light irradiation.
The electronic structures of the transition metal-doped TiO2 were studied using first-principles calculation with the supercell approach. The unit cell of TiO2 in the anatase structure and the 2 × 1 × 1 supercell model considered in this study are shown in Figure 1a,b. Anatase TiO2 has a tetragonal structure (space group, I41/amd), which contains four titanium atoms and eight oxygen atoms in a unit cell. Our model consists of two unit cells stacked along the a-axes, where one Ti atom was substituted by a 3d transition metal atom (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) or a 4d transition metal atom (M = Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Ag). The atomic percentage of the impurity was 4.17 at.%.
Figure 1. Models for calculation. (a) Unit cell of anatase TiO2; (b) Structure of 2 × 1 × 1 supercell model of transition metal-doped TiO2. The gray spheres, the red spheres, and the blue sphere represent Ti atoms, O atoms, and transition metal atom, respectively.
DFT calculations [25] were carried out using Cambridge Sequential Total Energy Package (CASTEP, Accelrys Company, San Diego, CA, USA) [26,27], with the planewave ultrasoft pseudopotential approach. Our geometry optimizations employed a local density approximation (LDA) exchange-correlation functional, while the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerh (PBE) of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was chosen to perform calculations to obtain the electronic structures and accurate formation energies. In these calculations, the cutoff energy of the planewave basis set was 380 eV. The Monkhorst-Pack scheme k-point grid sampling was set as 5 × 5 × 2 for the irreducible Brillouin zone. The Pulay density mixing method was used in the computations of self-consistent field, and the self-consistent accuracy was set to the degree that every atomic energy converges to 2.0 × 10-6 eV. The force on every atom was smaller than 0.05 eV/nm. We calculated the total energy and electronic structures in the supercell under these conditions.
Results and discussion
Structural optimization
The optimized structures of transition metal-doped anatase TiO2 were calculated before the calculations of the electronic structures, which were performed to find the lattice parameters with the lowest energy. As shown in Table 1, the computational results for the structural parameters a, c, dep, dap, c/a, and 2θ are summarized together with the reported experimental values [28] and previous theoretical results [29]. The lattice parameters obtained in this work are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the deviation is less than 1.06% along the a-axis or 0.5% along the c-axis. In comparison with the previous theoretical results reported in [29], our calculation results are more accurate, which verifies that the calculating method and models in this work are reliable and the calculated results are authentic.
Table 1. Optimized structural parameters for anatase TiO2 compared with experimental and previous theoretical results
Electronic structure
In order to conveniently investigate the electronic structures of transition metal-doped anatase TiO2, we set the same k-points mesh to sample the first Brillouin zone for pure and transition metal-doped models. The calculated band gap of pure anatase TiO2 is 2.21 eV as shown in Figure 2. The conduction band minimum (CBM) is located at G, while the valence band maximum (VBM) is located near X. So, the anatase TiO2 can be considered as an indirect band gap semiconductor. The value of band gap is consistent with the reported results [29], but is underestimated compared with the experimental value (Eg = 3.23 eV), due to the limitation of DFT: the discontinuity in the exchange correlation potential is not taken into account within the framework of DFT. However, our discussions about energy gap will not be affected because only the relative energy changes are of concern.
Figure 2. Calculated band structure of pure TiO2.
The total density of states (TDOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) of transition metal-doped anatase TiO2 in comparison with those of pure anatase TiO2 are shown in Figures 3 and 4, which are treated by Gaussian broadening. The band gap is defined as the separation between the VBM and CBM. The TDOS shape of transition metal-doped TiO2 becomes broader than that of pure TiO2, which indicates that the electronic nonlocality is more obvious, owing to the reduction of crystal symmetry [19]. The transition metal 3d or 4d states are somewhat delocalized, which contributes to the formation of impurity energy levels (IELs) by hybridizing with O 2p states or Ti 3d states. Such hybrid effect may form energy levels in the band gap or hybrid with CBM/VBM, providing trapping potential well for electrons and holes. It gives a contribution to separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, as well as in favor of the migration of photoexcited carriers and the process of photocatalysis.
Figure 3. The TDOS and PDOS of the 3d transition metal-doped TiO2 compared with pure TiO2. Black solid lines: TDOS, and red solid lines: impurity's 3d states. The blue dashed line represents the position of the Fermi level.
Figure 4. The TDOS and PDOS of the 4d transition metal-doped TiO2 compared with pure TiO2. Black solid lines: TDOS, and red solid lines: impurity's 4d states. The blue dashed line represents the position of the Fermi level.
For TiO2 doped with V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Ag, considering the underestimation of the calculations, the band gaps of the transition metal-doped anatase TiO2 are corrected by scissors operator. Scissors operator is used for a purpose as correction to the band gap, which has a clear separation between the CB and VB. For these calculations, the scissors operator is set at 1.02 eV, accounting for the difference between the experimental band gap (3.23 eV) and the calculated band gap (2.21 eV) for pure anatase TiO2. Then, the band gaps of TiO2 doped with V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Ag, are determined as 2.84, 3.26, 3.35, 2.86, 2.80, 3.25, 3.20, 2.69, 3.15, 3.25, 3.33, 2.96, and 3.20 eV, respectively. It should be noted that the band gap of transition metal-doped TiO2 is not related to the band gap between the Ti t2g (dxy, dxz, dyz) and eg (, ) bands, but to the energy separation between the O 2p and the Ti t2g bands of TiO2 that is modified by doping atoms.
In comparison with pure TiO2, the calculation results of the electronic structures of Ti7MO16 can be classified into six groups according to the position of the IELs in Figures 3 and 4: (1) Ti7VO16 and Ti7MoO16; (2) Ti7CrO16; (3) Ti7MnO16, Ti7FeO16, Ti7CoO16, Ti7NiO16, and Ti7AgO16; (4) Ti7CuO16; (5) Ti7ZnO16 and Ti7YO16; and (6) Ti7ZrO16 and Ti7NbO16.
• Ti7VO16 and Ti7MoO16. The IELs are located at the bottom of the CB and mixed with the Ti 3d states to form a new CBM, which leads to an obvious band gap narrowing. The position of the IELs might result in a red shift, which gives an explanation of the experimental optical absorption spectra of V-doped TiO2[30]. The positions of the IELs in the Mo-doped system in Figure 4 are similar to those in V-doped TiO2, which may also result in red shift of absorption spectra in experiments.
• Ti7CrO16. The IELs are located below the CBM with a small distance. For Cr-doped TiO2, the IELs act as a shallow donor, and their occurrence is mainly due to the Cr 3d states that lie at the bottom of CB as shown in Figure 3. As the EF crosses it, it is partially filled with electrons at the ground state. In this case, the optical transitions are expected to be two transitions. One is the acceptor transition from the VBM to the IELs. The other is a donor transition from the IELs into the CBM. Meanwhile, VB holes and CB electrons appear. The former contributes to the anodic photocurrent, and the latter contributes to the cathodic photocurrent under visible light. Then, the Cr-doped system can serve as a remarkably better photocatalyst.
• Ti7MnO16, Ti7FeO16, Ti7CoO16, Ti7NiO16, and Ti7AgO16. The IELs occur in the middle of the band gap, namely the intermediate level. They may reduce the energy required for electron transition, lower the threshold of photoexcitation, and thus expand the optical absorption spectrum without reducing the energy of electrons or holes. The electrons in the VB can be excited to the IELs and then subsequently excited to the CB by the visible light irradiation. So, IELs are beneficial for extending the sensitive light wavelength. The result gives a good explanation of the red shift [31-34]. However, for these kinds of IELs, high impurity doping concentration might form a recombination center for photoexcited electron–hole pairs and results in a decrease in the quantum yield for the photocatalytic reactions [21]. Therefore, we must control the doping concentration to avoid them to act as the recombination center of photo-generated electrons and holes.
• Ti7CuO16. The IELs are located above the VB and partially overlap with the VBM. These kinds of IELs could act as trap centers for photoexcited holes, which can also reduce the recombination rate of charge carriers [10]. The holes generated in the VB produce an anodic photocurrent. Because the Cu t2g level is close to the VB, the holes easily overlap in highly impure media [5].
• Ti7ZnO16 and Ti7YO16. The IELs are located at the top of the VB and completely mixed with the O 2p states to form a new VBM (seen in Figures 3, 4, and 5). The band gaps of Zn- and Y-doped anatase TiO2 are narrowed to 2.69 and 3.15 eV, respectively, and smaller than that of pure TiO2, which is consistent with the experimental data on the red shift of the absorption edge [35,36].
Figure 5. Calculated band structure. (a) Zn-doped anatase TiO2; (b) Y-doped anatase TiO2.
• Ti7ZrO16, Ti7NbO16. The IELs are not situated at band gap. The electronic structure of Zr-doped TiO2 exhibits similar to that of pure TiO2. Therefore, we can infer that the t2g level due to Zr does not contribute to the photo-response. Similarly, the band gap of Nb-doped anatase TiO2 is larger than that of undoped TiO2 by 0.09 eV, which may result in a blue shift of the absorption edge.
Formation energy
We analyzed the relative difficulty for different transition metal doping into anatase TiO2 using impurity formation energies, which is a widely accepted method. First-principles calculation for the relative stability of metal-doped TiO2 can help us understand the formation of the doped structures and provide useful guidance to prepare samples. In this section, to investigate the relative difficulty for single doping atom to incorporate into the lattice, we calculated the impurity formation energy Eform(Mq) as follows [9,37]:
where Etotal(Mq) is the total energy of metal-doped TiO2, and Etotal(pure) is the total energy of the pure TiO2. ni is the number of atoms from species M (=Ti) being removed from a defect-free cell to its respective reservoir with chemical potential μi. The chemical potential reflects the availability or the elemental partial pressure of each element. EF is the reference level according to the valence band level (Ev), and ΔV is often simplified as zero. In the present work, the transition metal M substitutes Ti in the calculated models, and the impurity formation energy Eform(M) could thus be defined using the following formula [38,39]:
where μM is the chemical potential of the doping metal. μTi is the chemical potential of Ti and depends on the experimental growth condition, which can be Ti-rich or O-rich (or any case in between). Under Ti-rich condition, the Ti chemical potential can be assumed in thermodynamic equilibrium with the energy of bulk Ti, while the O chemical potential can be obtained by the growth condition:
Under O-rich condition, the chemical potential of O can be calculated from the ground state energy of O2 molecule, while the chemical potential of Ti is fixed by Equation (3). The chemical potentials for metals (μM) are fixed and calculated from the formula below [40,41]:
where is the energy of the most stable oxide for doping atoms at room temperature.
The formation energies Eform(M) for the 13 different metal-doped models of 24-atom supercell under O-rich condition are calculated and listed in Table 2. In terms of the formation energy, the transition metals that intend to substitute Ti are in the order of Mo < Zn < Ag < V < Y < Cu < Mn < Nb < Fe < Zr < Cr < Ni < Co under O-rich growth condition. It is difficult to find the tendency of Eform(M) with the increase in atomic number in each element period. The formation energies of substitutional Co, Ni, and Cr-doped models are negative and less than those of the models substituted by other transition metals under O-rich growth condition. This indicates that under O-rich growth condition, it is energetically more favorable to replace Ti with Co, Ni, and Cr than other metals. The synthesis of the Co-, Ni-, and Cr-doped anatase TiO2 system with a higher doping level would be relatively easy in the experiment because a much smaller formation energy is required. This might be because the ionic radii of Cr3+, Co3+, and Ni2+ are close to Ti4+. Presumptively, we suggest that the impurity formation energy is sensitive to the ionic radius of impurity. The results can provide some useful guidance to prepare metal-doped TiO2 and other oxide semiconductors.
Table 2. Impurity formation energies of 3d and 4d transition metal-doped TiO2 supercells under O-rich condition
To further investigate the influence of transition metal doping, we combine the band gap values and the formation energies of the transition metal-doped TiO2 in Figure 6. This can provide important guidance for the experimentalists to prepare thermodynamically stable photocatalysts with visible light response. Under O-rich growth condition, anatase TiO2 doped with various transition metals has different formation energies, where the formation energies of Cr-, Co-, and Ni-TiO2 are negative. This suggests that such doping is an energetically favorable process. Considering the band gap narrowing effects only, we can find that the band gap is narrowed to 1.78 eV for Co doping, but broadened to 2.24 and 2.23 eV for Cr and Ni doping, respectively. However, TiO2 doped with Cr, Co, and Ni, as well as Ag, Fe, Mn, and Cu, which are marked red in Figure 6 and form impurity energy levels in the band gap as shown in Figure 3, might improve the photocatalytic activity with a low doping concentration, but can act as the recombination center for the photo-generated electron–hole pairs with a high doping concentration and result in an unfavorable effect on the photocatalytic activity. In comparison, TiO2 doped with V, Zn, Y, and Mo, as shown in Figure 6, possess narrower band gaps than pure TiO2 with the IELs mixed with Ti 3d states or O 2p states. These doping systems result in red shift of absorption edge without forming a recombination center and could improve the photocatalytic activity well. Zr- and Nb-doped anatase TiO2 do not form the IELs in the middle of the band gap, and even broaden the band gap, which might result in a blue shift. Furthermore, except for Cr-, Co-, and Ni-doped anatase TiO2, the positive formation energies of other transition metal doping systems imply relative difficulty for fabrication in experiments.
Figure 6. Relationship between the band gaps and formation energies of 3d and 4d transition metal-doped TiO2. The elements colored in black are elements that do not form the impurity levels in the band gap. The elements colored in red are elements that form the impurity levels in the band gap but do not form the middle level. The elements colored in blue are elements that occur in the impurity levels in the band gap and form the middle levels. The horizontal dashed line indicates 0 eV, and the vertical dashed line represents the calculated band gap of pure TiO2 (2.21 eV).
Band edge position
The band edge position of a semiconductor as well as the redox potentials of the adsorbate governs the ability of a semiconductor to undergo photoexcited electron transfer to adsorb substances on its surface [39]. The relevant potential level of the donor thermodynamically needs to be more negative than the VB edge position of the semiconductor in order to donate an electron to the vacant hole. In addition, the potential level of the acceptor is required to be more positive than the CB potential of the semiconductor [42]. So, we calculated the band edge position of the semiconductor photocatalyst to understand the redox reactivity. The CB and VB edge positions of a semiconductor can be expressed empirically by the following formula [43-46]:
where ECB is the CB edge potential, and EVB is the VB edge potential. X is the geometric mean of the electronegativity of the constituent atoms [47,48], Ee is the energy of free electrons on the hydrogen scale (approximately 4.5 eV), and Eg is the band gap energy of the semiconductor corrected by scissors operator. The CB edge potential of TiO2 is -0.31 eV with respect to the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE), while the VB edge potential is determined to be 2.92 eV. This result is consistent with the band edge position of TiO2. The band edge positions of TiO2 doped with the transition metals relative to that of pure TiO2 are summarized in Figure 7, and the data show that most transition metal-doped anatase TiO2 can maintain the strong redox potentials. Moreover, in terms of TiO2 doped with V, Mn, Nb, and Mo, the CB edges are slightly shifted upward and the VB edges are slightly shifted downward as compared with those of pure TiO2. This means that V, Mn, Nb, and Mo doping could even enhance the redox potentials of TiO2.
Figure 7. The calculated band edge positions of 3d and 4d transition metal-doped TiO2. The black line is taken as the condition that neglects the impurity levels, and the red line represents the condition that considers the impurity levels. The black line with double arrow is the band gap energy of pure TiO2 corrected by scissors operator. The blue dashed lines represent the CB/VB edge potential of pure TiO2.
Transition metal-doped TiO2 has been studied using first-principles density functional theory. The calculated results show that owing to the formation of the impurity energy levels, which is mainly hybridized by 3d or 4d states of impurities with O 2p states or Ti 3d states, the response region in spectra could be extended to the visible light region. The position of the impurity energy levels in the band gap determines the effects of metal doping on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2. Most transition metal doping could narrow the band gap of TiO2, lead to the improvement of the photoreactivity of TiO2, and simultaneously maintain strong redox potential. Under O-rich growth condition, formation energies of anatase TiO2 doped with various metals are different. Particularly, the formation energies of TiO2 doped with Cr, Co, and Ni are found to be negative, showing that it is energetically more favorable to substitute Co, Ni, or Cr to a Ti site than other metals. These doping systems can be easily obtained and with good stability.
Theoretical research on transition metal-doped TiO2 is of great importance to develop the photocatalytic applications. First-principles calculation of doped TiO2 is still an ongoing subject, and a few challenging problems require further investigation in an urgent demand. One is the influence of the transition metal doping on the phase transition of TiO2 from anatase to rutile. A theoretical understanding on its mechanism will be useful to optimize the performance of TiO2 in photocatalytic and other applications. Another one is the question about using the virtual crystal approximation method to calculate the doping system for very low concentration, which can cut down the calculation time. With the solution of these problems, one could provide more accurate theoretical models to simulate the practical doping approaches which could lead to important implications in the optimization of the performance of transition metal-doped TiO2 photocatalysts.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
SW conceived the idea and designed the calculated model. YQ and RR carried out the calculations and data analysis. JB and LL participated in the design of the study and helped in drafting the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (51162007 and 51202050), Hainan Natural Science Foundation (511110), and Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.
Fujishima A, Honda K: Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode.
Yang K, Dai Y, Huang B, Han S: Theoretical study of N-doped TiO2 rutile crystals.
J Phys Chem B 2006, 110:24011-24014. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Li SP, Lin SW, Liao JJ, Pan NQ, Li DH, Li JB: Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays with enhanced photoelectrochemical property.
Luo W, Yu T, Wang Y, Li Z, Ye J, Zou Z: Enhanced photocurrent-voltage characteristics of WO3/Fe2O3 nano-electrodes.
J Phys D Appl Phys 2007, 40:1091. Publisher Full Text
Umebayashi T, Yamaki T, Itoh H, Asai K: Analysis of electronic structures of 3d transition metal-doped TiO2 based on band calculations.
J Phys Chem Solids 2002, 63:1909-1920. Publisher Full Text
Chen X, Burda C: The electronic origin of the visible-light absorption properties of C–, N- and S-doped TiO2 nanomaterials.
J Am Chem Soc 2008, 130:5018-5019. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Xu J, Wang J, Lin Y, Liu X, Lu Z, Lu Z, Lv L, Zhang F, Du Y: Effect of annealing ambient on the ferromagnetism of Mn-doped anatase TiO2 films.
J Phys D Appl Phys 2007, 40:4757. Publisher Full Text
Shankar K, Tep KC, Mor GK, Grimes CA: An electrochemical strategy to incorporate nitrogen in nanostructured TiO2 thin films.
J Phys D Appl Phys 2006, 39:2361. Publisher Full Text
Han X, Shao G: Electronic properties of rutile TiO2 with nonmetal dopants from first principles.
Zhao Z, Liu Q: Effects of lanthanide doping on electronic structures and optical properties of anatase TiO2 from density functional theory calculations.
J Phys D Appl Phys 2008, 41:085417. Publisher Full Text
De Angelis F, Fantacci S, Selloni A, Nazeeruddin MK, Grätzel M: First-principles modeling of the adsorption geometry and electronic structure of Ru (II) dyes on extended TiO2 substrates for dye-sensitized solar cell applications.
J Phys Chem C 2010, 114:6054-6061. Publisher Full Text
Yoon KJ, Lee MH, Kim GH, Song SJ, Seok JY, Han S, Yoon JH, Kim KM, Hwang CS: Memristive tri-stable resistive switching at ruptured conducting filaments of a Pt/TiO2/Pt cell.
Nanotechnol 2012, 23:185202. Publisher Full Text
Nishikawa M, Sakamoto H, Nosaka Y: Reinvestigation of the photocatalytic reaction mechanism for Pt-complex-modified TiO2 under visible light irradiation by means of ESR spectroscopy and chemiluminescence photometry.
J Phys Chem A 2012, 116:9674-9679. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Xue M, Huang L, Wang JQ, Wang Y, Gao L, Zhu J, Zou ZG: The direct synthesis of mesoporous structured MnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite: a novel visible-light active photocatalyst with large pore size.
Nanotechnol 2008, 19:185604. Publisher Full Text
Ismail AA, Robben L, Bahnemann DW: Study of the efficiency of UV and visible-light photocatalytic oxidation of methanol on mesoporous RuO2-TiO2 nanocomposites.
Chainarong S, Wei X, Sikong L, Pavasupree S: The effect of molar ratio of TiO2/WO3 nanocomposites on visible light prepared by hydrothermal method.
Peng H, Li J, Li SS, Xia JB: First-principles study on rutile TiO2 quantum dots.
J Phys Chem C 2008, 112:13964-13969. Publisher Full Text
Hahlin M, Johansson EMJ, Plogmaker S, Odelius M, Hagberg DP, Sun L, Siegbahn H, Rensmo H: Electronic and molecular structures of organic dye/TiO2 interfaces for solar cell applications: a core level photoelectron spectroscopy study.
Chem Phys Phys Chem 2010, 12:1507-1517. Publisher Full Text
Shao G: Electronic structures of manganese-doped rutile TiO2 from first principles.
J Phys Chem C 2008, 112:18677-18685. Publisher Full Text
Valentin CD, Pacchioni G, Onishi H, Kudo A: Cr/Sb co-doped TiO2 from first principles calculations.
Chem Phys Lett 2009, 469:166-171. Publisher Full Text
Yu J, Xiang Q, Zhou M: Preparation, characterization and visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped titania nanorods and first-principles study for electronic structures.
Appl Catal B Environ 2009, 90:595-602. Publisher Full Text
Hou XG, Liu AD, Huang MD, Liao B, Wu XL: First-principles band calculations on electronic structures of Ag-doped rutile and anatase TiO2.
Chin Phys Lett 2009, 26:077106. Publisher Full Text
Guo M, Du J: First-principles study of electronic structures and optical properties of Cu, Ag, and Au-doped anatase TiO2.
Physica B 2012, 407:1003-1007. Publisher Full Text
Zhang LK, Wu B, Wang M, Chen L, Ye GX, Chen T, Liu HL, Huang CR, Li JL: Crystal, electronic and magnetic structure of Co and Ag doped rutile TiO2 from first-principles calculations.
Ferreira LG, Marques M, Teles LK: Approximation to density functional theory for the calculation of band gaps of semiconductors.
Clark SJ, Segall MD, Pickard CJ, Hasnip PJ, Probert MIJ, Refson K, Payne MC: First principles methods using CASTEP.
Segall M, Lindan PJD, Probert M, Pickard C, Hasnip P, Clark S, Payne M: First-principles simulation: ideas, illustrations and the CASTEP code.
J Phys Condens Matter 2002, 14:2717. Publisher Full Text
Burdett JK, Hughbanks T, Miller GJ, Richardson JW Jr, Smith JV: Structural-electronic relationships in inorganic solids: powder neutron diffraction studies of the rutile and anatase polymorphs of titanium dioxide at 15 and 295 K.
J Am Chem Soc 1987, 109:3639-3646. Publisher Full Text
Asahi R, Taga Y, Mannstadt W, Freeman A: Electronic and optical properties of anatase TiO2.
Phys Rev B 2000, 61:7459. Publisher Full Text
Choi W, Termin A, Hoffmann MR: The role of metal ion dopants in quantum-sized TiO2: correlation between photoreactivity and charge carrier recombination dynamics.
J Phys Chem B 1994, 98:13669-13679. Publisher Full Text
Bouaine A, Schmerber G, Ihiawakrim D, Derory A: Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Co-doped TiO2 synthesized by solid-state method.
Mater Sci Eng 2012, 177:1618-1622. Publisher Full Text
Lu L, Xia X, Luo JK, Shao G: Mn-doped TiO2 thin films with significantly improved optical and electrical properties.
J Phys D Appl Phys 2012, 45:485102. Publisher Full Text
Singh D, Singh N, Sharma SD, Kant C, Sharma CP, Pandey RR, Saini KK: Bandgap modification of TiO2 sol–gel films by Fe and Ni doping.
J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 2011, 58:269-276. Publisher Full Text
Su R, Bechstein R, Kibsgaard J, Vang RT, Besenbacher F: High-quality Fe-doped TiO2 films with superior visible-light performance.
J Mater Chem 2012, 22:23755-23758. Publisher Full Text
Wang KP, Teng H: Zinc-doping in TiO2 films to enhance electron transport in dye-sensitized solar cells under low-intensity illumination.
Chem Phys Phys Chem 2009, 11:9489-9496. Publisher Full Text
Zhang H, Tan K, Zheng H, Gu Y, Zhang W: Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 codoped with yttrium and nitrogen.
Mater Chem Phys 2011, 125:156-160. Publisher Full Text
Van de Walle CG, Neugebauer J: First-principles calculations for defects and impurities: applications to III-nitrides.
J Appl Phys 2004, 95:3851. Publisher Full Text
Cui X, Medvedeva J, Delley B, Freeman A, Newman N, Stampfl C: Role of embedded clustering in dilute magnetic semiconductors: Cr doped GaN.
Phys Rev Lett 2005, 95:256404. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Zhao Z, Liu Q: Designed highly effective photocatalyst of anatase TiO2 codoped with nitrogen and vanadium under visible-light irradiation using first-principles.
Catal Lett 2008, 124:111-117. Publisher Full Text
Long R, English NJ: First-principles calculation of synergistic (N, P)-codoping effects on the visible-light photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2.
Yang K, Dai Y, Huang B, Whangbo MH: Density functional characterization of the band edges, the band gap states, and the preferred doping sites of halogen-doped TiO2.
Chem Mater 2008, 20:6528-6534. Publisher Full Text
Linsebigler AL, Lu G, Yates JT Jr: Photocatalysis on TiO2 surfaces: principles, mechanisms, and selected results.
Chem Rev 1995, 95:735-758. Publisher Full Text
Zhao Z, Liu Q: Mechanism of higher photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 doped with nitrogen under visible-light irradiation from density functional theory calculation.
J Phys D Appl Phys 2008, 41:025105. Publisher Full Text
Xu Y, Schoonen MAA: The absolute energy positions of conduction and valence bands of selected semiconducting minerals.
Kim YI, Atherton SJ, Brigham ES, Mallouk TE: Sensitized layered metal oxide semiconductor particles for photochemical hydrogen evolution from nonsacrificial electron donors.
J Phys Chem 1993, 97:11802-11810. Publisher Full Text
Tang J, Ye J: Photocatalytic and photophysical properties of visible-light-driven photocatalyst ZnBi12O20.
Chem Phys Lett 2005, 410:104-107. Publisher Full Text
Putz MV, Russo N, Sicilia E: About the Mulliken electronegativity in DFT.
Theor Chem Acc 2005, 114:38-45. Publisher Full Text
Frese KW: Simple method for estimating energy levels of solids.
J Vac Sci Technol 1979, 16:1042-1044. Publisher Full Text


text:
Payroll and Benefits:Hours of Operation8:00a.m. - 4:30p.m.Monday through Friday
Sasscer Administration BuildingRoom 132301.952.6200Email:email@example.com Fax:301.952.6088
Employees are able to reprint their W2s for all years back to 2003 by accessing Oracle Employee Self Service.
The username and password for Oracle will be the same as the employee's system login. Once in Oracle the initial menu includes an option for W2s. Click on the menu option then choose the desired year and print. The document is printable on regular paper and is accepted by the IRS for tax filing. An instructional video is available here. For assistance with Oracle login contact the Help Desk at 301-386-1549 or email firstname.lastname@example.com . If you are a terminated employee, you would not have access to Oracle and would need to complete and fax the W2 Reprint Request Form to Payroll Services to request a reprint of a W2. Forms printed by the payroll office are available in two days.
The main contact for tax questions is Shontia Oliver at 301-952-62388 or via email at firstname.lastname@example.com
Accommodations for persons with disabilities attending events/meetings/hearings are available upon request. Requests must be provided as soon as possible. For requests click
Provide feedback on www.pgcps.org >>
© Prince George's County Public Schools • 14201 School Lane • Upper Marlboro, MD 20772 • 301-952-6001

subset: commoncrawl


text:
30 Love Songs to Get You in the Mood on Valentine's Day
Happy Valentine's Day!
Today may be a day filled with roses, romantic cards, heart-shaped candy boxes, and romantic dinners — but nothing sets the mood like a good ol' love song. So why not set your day to some of the biggest tracks made perfectly for Singles Awareness Day?
From Taylor Swift to Demi Lovato to Macklemore & Ryan Lewis, here is a list of 30 love songs to listen to on Valentine's Day:


text:
Apple intros Complete My Album for iTunes
updated 09:40 am EDT, Thu March 29, 2007
iTunes Complete My Album
Apple on Thursday revealed Complete My Album, a new feature for the iTunes Storethat allows customers to turn their individual tracks into a complete album at a reduced price by giving them a full 99 cent credit for every track previously purchased from that album. Customers have up to 180 days after buying the individual songs from any qualifying album to purchase the rest of that album at a discount: someone who has bought three 99-cent songs from a $10 album, for example, can buy the rest of the album for $7.02 -- saving them both the need to re-purchase tracks they already own as well as the time needed to download them again, according to Apple.
"Music fans can now round out their music collections by upgrading their singles into complete albums with just one click, and get full credit for those songs they have previously purchased from iTunes," iTunes vice president Eddy Cue said. "Complete My Album is a wonderful new way that iTunes helps customers grow and enjoy their music collections."
The feature is available across all currently active iTunes Stores worldwide and automatically creates a retroactive 180-day offer for any singles purchased by customers before the unveiling of the Complete My Album feature.


text:
Delsea's Christian Cortese reacts after being called out at third base during a 7-6 loss to GCIT on Tuesday. / Staff photo/Cody Glenn
Delsea relief pitcher Eli Helsel stretches but can't reach a chopper in the Crusaders' 7-6 loss to GCIT on Tuesday. / Staff photo/Cody Glenn
The number of runs scored by Delsea in the fourth inning of Tuesdays 7-6 loss to GCIT.
FRANKLIN TWP. — This is not news to the Delsea Regional High School baseball team, but off days are not an option in the Tri-County Conference Royal Division.
It took a while for the Crusaders to emerge from a slumber in Tuesdays season opener, and because of that Delsea was not surprised with the result a 7-6 loss to the Gloucester County Institute of Technology. The defeat spoiled Fran Ciociolas debut as the Crusaders coach.
We didnt look like a team that was excited to come out and play baseball, Delsea senior Bryan Dobzanski said. They came out hitting and it took us a while to respond. In this division, you have to be ready to go every game.
GCIT got to Crusaders left-handed starter Greg Avis for three runs in the first and another in the second to open a 4-0 lead after two innings. Senior right-hander Eli Helsel entered in relief of Avis in the top of the third inning after the Cheetahs started off the frame with a single and double, and settled things down for Delsea. Helsel managed to get GCIT left fielder Mike Graham to ground into a double play, then struck out Ryan McKinstry to end the third.
After throwing a scoreless top of the fourth, Helsel then helped spark the Crusaders (0-1) with the bat.
Third baseman Quinn Collins opened the scoring for Delsea with an RBI single in the bottom of the fourth and freshman first baseman Brad Dobzanski pulled the Crusaders within two runs on a sacrifice fly to left field. Helsel then stepped to the plate and drove a ball over the left-center field fence for a three-run home run and 5-4 Delsea lead.
It was good to get that home run and get us the lead back because we really couldnt get much going offensively, said Helsel, who was 2-for-3 with four RBIs.
The Crusaders advantage was short-lived, however. GCIT (1-0) answered with two quick runs off Helsel after the senior issued two walks to start the fifth, allowing the Cheetahs to move back in front, 6-5.
That inning was a bit of a struggle, Helsel admitted. I think the thrill of the home run might have stuck around in my head a little too long.
The Crusaders then turned to Bryan Dobzanski in relief, but the Major League Baseball prospect was greeted by a double by shortstop Jake Danner that extended GCITs edge to 7-5. The hard-throwing right-hander, who was being scouted by at least two Major League teams on Tuesday, settled in nicely from there. Dobzanski hit 93 mph on the radar gun and struck out four Cheetahs in 21⁄3 innings.
Delsea was unsure if Dobzanski would be ready to pitch this week following a long wrestling season, but Ciociola said his top arm was prepared to throw 30-40 pitches.
Coach told me I could be used as a closer, but just the way the game was going, I had to come in in the fifth, Dobzanski said. I felt pretty good out there for how little Ive pitched so far.
The Crusaders narrowed the gap to 7-6 on a Helsel RBI single in the bottom of the sixth, but saw a seventh-inning comeback bid fall short. Dobzanski reached base on a two-out error in the final inning and moved to second on a wild pitch, but GCIT reliever Matt Stranix struck out Collins to end the game.
What we talked about after the game was that the intensity has to be there from the start, Ciociola said. They came out and scored some quick runs and thats when you have to hit back, and we didnt do enough of that.
Its just one game in a long season, but its going to be a long night for us too. Hopefully we can use this as a learning experience and move forward.


text: Spyker debuted the B6 Venator Concept earlier this year the Geneva Motor Show, followed quickly by news that a convertible version of the car would be unveiled in the following months. Dubbed the Spyker B6 Venator Spyder, the roadster had its official coming-out party today at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance in California. The vehicle is mostly unchanged from its hardtop counterpart, featuring the same "turbofan" wheels and V-patterned mesh front grille, along with a 375-horsepower V6 under the hood. The finishing touch is the company's tag line inscribed on the exterior: Nulla tenaci invia est via, or "For the tenacious no road is possible." The Dutch sports car manufacturer is hoping to launch the B6 Venator Spyder in 2014 for the European, Asian and Middle East markets, with a U.S. release expected for 2015.


text:
Eleven Paris Tees With Known Personalities
Parisian label Eleven Paris have honed their signature rock femininity across their laid-back, yet sophisticated collections. Nordic jumpers are paired with skinny jeans and military jackets, whilst bodycon mini dresses add glamour. Its tees are sophisticated with patterns and prints and more especially with faces of famous personalities with a pinch of twist added by mustache or the iconic Ziggy Stardust red and blue lightning bolt makeup and stick-straight '70s mullet hair. The collection is exclusively feminine and presents an edge of grace to every piece in their collection.
Kate Moss has actually channeled Vogue UK back in 2003 in the style of Bowie's Aladdin Sane album with photos of Kate by Nick Knight juxtaposed with vintage Bowie pictures which have the Zingy Stardust red and blue lightning bolt makeup and stick-straight '70s mullet hair. This tee is an awesome one in the collection and pretty much a desirable one for teen girls.
Robert Pattinson moustache t-shirt is a brilliant one for all the diehard twilight saga fans or moreover Robert fans. Made from soft easy-care jersey fabric, this tee looks awesome in white. It's got a scoop neckline with a picture of the star on the front and logo details on the back. Any fan of Robert would surely desire this tee.
This Aztec print in linen is a perfect tee for all the vibrant going women who love being bright, positive and confident all day. Its print has got an edge of sophistication and also an air of coolness to let you carry it just the way you want; casual or formal. The fabric is lightweight and breathable. Colorful print scoop neckline and exposed zip back adds a charm to the look.
This Asymmetric Tee with Triangle Print is a great one for those classy and urbane look desiring women. In grey and black with a triangle of irregular sides is a truly feminine tee that makes you look and feel amazing.


text:
Secrets of Success< Secrets of Success Main Page
All Secrets submitted by PAULCJONES
Please note these are member-submitted secrets and are not reviewed by SparkPeople's health experts for accuracy. If you feel a secret is inappropriate, please click the "Report Inappropriate Secret" on the secret's page and our staff will review it.
Any weight loss journey is a tough prospect - even more so if it is a lifestyle change. It's easy to get blinkered, and expect the weight to continuously fall off. Thing is, that doesn't happen. You'll gain back a couple of lbs every now and then, and thats ok! you've learned a ton, apply those lessons
- Submitted by PAULCJONES 4/7/2010 in Staying Positive | 3 Comments
Vibram Five Fingers (KSO Model)
I've been wearing these for two weeks now, both in the gym and walking around. LOVE THESE SHOES. I feel more connected to the workout, more comfortable moving around. These are minimalist shoes, and not for everyone of course, but for those who get on with them, you will love them.
- Submitted by PAULCJONES 3/25/2010 in Product Reviews | 3 Comments
You've lost a lot of weight, but still have a distance to go. You work out, eat the right things, and yet you've stopped losing weight.
- Submitted by PAULCJONES 3/25/2010 in Breaking a Plateau | 10 Comments
No one thinks they have enough time in the day! Do all your cooking in one batch on the weekend. Make enough for lunch and dinner for 5 or 6 days of the week. This free's up a TON of time in the week, and leaves you with one "play" day to eat something different.
- Submitted by PAULCJONES 3/25/2010 in Organization | 19 Comments
Page: (1 total)


text:
MorDHA Prenatal provides a total of 640 mg of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil per capsule, including 480 mg of DHA and 104 mg of EPA. It is formulated specifically for support during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) maternal intake contributes to the normal brain and eye development of the foetus and breastfed infants with a daily intake of 200 mg of DHA in addition to the recommended daily intake for omega-3 fatty acids for adults (250 mg total DHA and EPA).
Minami fish oils are from small deep-sea fish originating from the clean waters around Peru. The smallest species of fish contain the least toxins, which is substantiated by their frequent analyses.
Pharmaceutical purity: The fish oil supplements from Minami Nutrition have the lowest concentration of contaminated substances such as PCB's, pesticides and dioxins. Heavy metals (mercury, lead and cadmium) cannot even be detected and the oxidation level is phenomenally low.
Minami fish oils are Gold Standard omega-3 supplements with the smallest possible ecological footprint. Certified in accordance with EMAS, a European standard for environmental care.
MorDHA Supercritical 90% Omega-3
Supercritical 75% Omega-3nbsp;
A Key to Pregnancy and Lactation – DHA
Pre- and PostNatal Support, as for the Eye
There are two primary reasons why pregnant mothers need MorDHA. Firstly, during pregnancy, the daily requirements of DHA increase from 220 mg to somewhat more than 300 mg and secondly, DHA is not easy to include in your diet especially when you are pregnant and worried about eating fish which may contain too many toxins.
Compare MorDHA with other brands and you will realize why Consumer Labs awarded MorDHA the highest concentrated DHA-rich product on the market.
75% concentration Omega-3 supplement. One softgel of MorDHA contains 600 mg total Omega- 3 of which 465 mg is DHA.
Directions for use: 1 softgel per day


text:
August 26, 2008
1) Disturbed that after watching a few Madonna videos on YouTube, I'm forced to admit she's entertaining.
2) Ortega y Gasset: unreadable, or nearly so.
3) Lake Pipple-Popple. Edward Lear.
4) Momentarily fascinated by Marfa, Texas. Wikipedia:
In 1971, Donald Judd, the renowned minimalist artist, moved to Marfa from New York City. After renting summer houses for a couple of years he bought two large hangars, some smaller buildings and started to permanently install his art. While this started with his building in New York, the buildings in Marfa (now The Block, Judd Foundation) allowed him to install his works on a larger scale. In 1976 he bought the first of two ranches that would, to him, be his primary places of residence, continuing a long love affair with the desert landscape surrounding Marfa. Later, with assistance from the Dia Art Foundation in New York, Judd acquired decommissioned Fort D.A. Russell, and began transforming the fort's buildings into art spaces in 1979. Judd's vision was to house large collections of individual artists' work on permanent display, as a sort of anti-museum. Judd believed that the prevailing model of a museum, where art is shown for short periods of time, does not allow the viewer an understanding of the artist or their work as they intended.
I recommend the Marfa Prada slideshow
August 25, 2008
Saturday NYT crossword reinkings
1 ACROSS: Oil-based paste mentioned in the lyrics to "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds." (10). I gave this one a mental sing-through and wrote in PLASTICENE. But it's PLASTICINE.
19 ACROSS: Thanksgiving dishes (5). I wrote in BOWLS after having BO filled in. BOATS, instead.
54 DOWN: 0, for 180o (4). I wrote in MINS with the IN crossings, which looks kind of dumb now in a moment of quiet reflection. The answer was SINE. Math answers always fool me, because I assume no one knows math but me (usually accurate).
42 ACROSS: Small, narrow bays (7). I had LETS as the last four letters and tried to write in INLETS before noticing an extra blank square. Oops. ARMLETS, instead.
* * *
Postscript: I'm getting a little disturbed that it's taking me less and less time to solve crossword puzzles. I don't want to be able to solve them quickly, because I depend on them to provide me entertainment at those points of the day when I have nothing better to do (dr appt, waiting for the car, on hold with a phone company, etc). I've already taken to carrying cryptics around, and on Monday and Tuesday (sometimes Wednesday!) I carefully mutilate the NYT puzzle, removing half the clues (ie all the Across, or all the Downs) by tearing the page up, prior to solving it. I really don't want to be one of those people who carry big books of puzzles around. Or Sudokus. One thing that stops me from progressing even more quickly is having a rule to *never* look up answers on the web (well, almost never), and I've never looked at a crossword solution either, at least as far as I can remember. In this way, I slow my progress, because if I don't know a common word for Sweetmeats this week, and couldn't figure it out, well, I won't be able to fill it in next week, either, unless I'm able to guess. To slow myself down, I use a pen and try to fill in the puzzle clue-by-clue, not jumping around the grid at all, like "water flowing down the page." This slows me down a bit. Also, knowing almost nothing about pop music, actors and actresses, and movies helps quite a bit too.
shadow of cat's ears (and tail, far left)
he'd like to get out
August 23, 2008
Angry porcupine contest
Angry porcupine contest
Originally uploaded by thane
August 20, 2008
Chez Palo Alto Sol
THANE: (To Gloria) I see that your two sons aren't too inclined to wait for you to be served before they dig in to their respective meals.
GLORIA: YesCole, Owenif you would like to learn some manners, well, I'm available to help you. Maybe you can use them on a date or something, you know, when you're trying to impress someone.
THANE: Rightsome kind of formal class, led by your mother. Sort of like cotillion. She'd lead the class early in the morning for you two.
COLE: Is it polite to take notice when someone is not being polite?
THANE: Ahgood one, good question. I wished I'd thought that one myself. Perhaps when I'm slurping cereal or bread crumbs are tumbling out of my mouth I'll use that one. Anyway, here comes your mother's soup anyway. Why not just dig in? I'll confess to having had a little bit myself.
August 17, 2008
Junior Olympics diving in Maryland
Cole won a gold medal (in platform diving) and two silvers (1m & 3m springboard) at the 2008 USA Diving Age Group National Championships in Germantown, Maryland last week. Gloria took a photo of Cole's name atop the leaderboard:
Gloria also showed me how to access the results at this meetcontrol.com page showing Cole's most recent diving results. They show steady progression since he switched from gymnastics to diving.
I copied the Germantown results in case that page goes away:
Diver: Cole Plambeck
Coach: Ryan Wallace
12-13 Boys 1m J.O - (Final) 2nd place 232.30
12-13 Boys 3m J.O - (Final) 2nd place 239.15
12-13 Boys Platform J.O - (Final) 1st place 274.15
August 16, 2008
Conversation overheard outside Longs Drugs
THREE YEAR OLD GIRL: Daddy, can I open my candy now so that I can save it for later?
MAN: No.
August 15, 2008
Converts one digital photo to a 3-D flythrough:
Notes on Treasure Island
1) Long John Silver is a bad guy (I think; Owen and I haven't finished reading it, but we're agreed in the general plot direction).
2) Fo'c'sle: One of those words I've spent decades avoiding having to pronounce. Words with two apostrophes challenge methey seem to say, "Yes, I'm a word so familiar, so well-worn, that I've been abbreviated not once, but twice. Yet, dear reader, you are somehow entirely ignorant of the rich literary and cultural tradition underlying my ridiculous spelling." I went with Foke-sul. Sounds good; no idea if that's correct though. At least Nor'wester has only one apostrophe. But it hasn't come up in this book. Nor does it have two apostrophes. You can lay to that.
3) "lay to," as in "You can lay to that": Too much of this, particularly from Silver. It's contagious.
4) Treasure Island itself: wasn't that it at Disneyland, across from Pirates of the Caribbean? I've looked at a couple of online Disneyland maps and it looks like that body of water is in Frontierland, and the island is called "Tom Sawyer Island." So, no.
5) Dr. Livesey. LIVE-SEE? NoI went with "Liv ESS ee." But only after saying "LIVE SEE" a couple of times and slowly coming to realize that's stupid.
Shuffling cards
When we saw properties (H4), (H5), (H6), we hollered "Wait, this is all about shuffling cards!" Knowledgeable readers may well think, "For these two guys, everything is about shuffling cards."
Carries, Shuffling and An Amazing Matrix
August 13, 2008
Day Tripper
I plan to study the first 16 seconds of this video closely to expand my repertoire of forgotten 60s dance moves
August 11, 2008
From "My Literary Malady" by Geoff Nicholson in a recent NYT essay:
I'm sure there are as many gouty plumbers as there are gouty writers, but the suffering of the latter is more likely to be set down for posterity. The classic description of gout comes from Thomas Sydenham, writing in 1683: "The victim goes to bed and sleeps in good health. About two o'clock in the morning he is awakened by a severe pain in the great toe; more rarely in the heel, ankle or instep. The pain, which was at first moderate, becomes more intense. Now it is a violent stretching and tearing of the ligament, now it is a gnawing pain and now a pressure and tightening. So exquisite and lively meanwhile is the feeling of the part affected that it cannot bear the weight of bedclothes nor the jar of a person walking in the room." In the 18th century, James Gilray caricatured gout as a black devil gnawing at the outside of the foot. My own mental picture is of a small, hot, angry rodent inside the joint, trying to burrow its way out. If you think all this sounds exaggerated or self-dramatizing, we can safely say you are not gout-afflicted.
August 10, 2008
plambeck.org, now returned from R&R
« July 2008 | August 2008 | September 2008 »


text:
1. Did you hear about the blind man that went bungee jumping? He
loved it, but scared the hell out of his dog!
2. The best way to get over a girl is to get under a new one!
3. Why do men love a woman in leather? Because she smells like a new car.
4. What's the mating call for a blonde? "Next!"
5. Why do 18-year olds take sex-ed courses? So they can learn what they've been doing wrong for the past five years.
6. What do married sex and a 7-eleven store have in common? Neither is anything to get excited about, but what else is open at three in the morning?
7. "I am" is one of the shortest sentences in the English language. "I do" is the longest.
8. The economy is so bad...I got into a cab in New York City the other day; the driver spoke English.
9. There was a man who wanted to get something for his wife, but no one would start the bidding.
10. What's the difference between the government and the Mafia? One of them is organized.
11. According to a recent survey, it asked 1,000 American blondes if they would ever sleep with Tiger Woods? 89% of them said, 'Never again.'
12. The trouble with political jokes is that they sometimes get elected.
13. A small boy wrote to Santa Clause, "Send me a brother." Santa wrote back, "Send me your mother."
14. Why do women pay more attention to their appearance than to improving their mind? Because most men are stupid, but few are blind.
15. "I am going to make you the happiest woman in the world," a man said to his wife one night. "Oh," she replied, "I'll miss you."
16. What has four arms and four legs and never works out? Marriage.
17. A kid walks up to his father and asks, "Dad, where do babies come from?" The father says, "They come from the stork."
"Oh," the boy replies, "who screwed the stork?"
18. Your momma is so fat...when she fell down the Grand Canyon...she got stuck in it!
19. Your momma is so fat...when she walks into a movie theater she asks, "Is this ROLL taken?"
20. It was so hot today, I was sweating like Whitney Houston taking a drug test!"
21. It was so hot today, Bill Clinton had to sleep with Hillary just to stay cool.
22. What is the congressional record? Four pages.
23. Why won't cannibals eat divorced women? They're always bitter.
24. What's the worst thing you can say to a man who complains that his wife is frigid? "No, she isn't!"
25. How is having unprotected sex like having a 401(k)? You have to know when to pull out.
Hope you got a good laugh!
| Email this Miscellaneous
| Add to reading list


text:
Well where to start....
Well, lets see, first My father met my mother then the stork dropped me down in the cabbage patch. But my father being a busy farmer did not notice me for a couple of months, during that time I was raised by wild boars... Then the Ufo's came and here I am..... Wait, that's not correct...
Okay, lets try I grew up on a rural farm in Iowa, joined the army, traveled the world for 12 years then ended right back in Iowa. I currently reside in Hiawatha, Iowa where I work full time at the Ottsen Oil Company and write on the weekends.
I like photography, painting, writing, hanging out at the coffee shops and my friends. I never seem to have any down time as I always have projects in the works. Even now I am writing one novel and two short stories at the same time whilst playing my drums and guitar.
Life is for the living and I am getting some living done!
I have several years photography experience. I started taking photos when I was seven with my grandmothers old brownie camera. I bought my first camera of my own when I was 12 and have never looked back. I also love to work with 3D programs and photoshop. I have used Illustrator and several other graphic programs as well. As always if you have a specific question on any techniques that I may use please send me a note or leave a message and I will get back to you with the answer if I know it.
Currently I am still using a Cannon 30D (one tough camera!) Digital camera and I am planning on purchasing the 50D later on for my work.
Current Residence: Hiawatha, Iowa
deviantWEAR sizing preference: XL, XD
Favourite genre of music: Rock
Favourite photographer: Hiroh Kikai
Operating System: Windows 7, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, Linux, Jolicloud, Moblin
MP3 player of choice: Ipod Touch
Shell of choice: Crunchy chocolate with nuts.
Wallpaper of choice: Nothing too flowery. Maybe a normal pattern for the mood of the room.
Skin of choice: Human please
Favourite cartoon character: The Road Runner...(Beep Beep!)
Personal Quote: Live as though each day is your last and you will never be sad.
|:#artthumbs: chat.deviantart.com/chat/artth… is open! Come chat and show off your thumbs.
www.gimpnation.deviantart.com Gimp Nation, its all about Gimp.


text:
Give Now
This wildflower self-seeds and spreads well.
Most of the larkspurs we grow in our gardens are annuals, but they readily self seed so they can become almost permanent residents of our gardens.
The malva plant is a mainstay in my cutting garden. There are both pink and white flowering malvas, and the blooms look like miniature hollyhocks.


text:
Flight Debunks Friday the 13th Curse
If you don't believe in any of this Friday the 13th mumbo jumbo-than you probably would have had no problem taking this flight in Europe today. Flight number 666 made it to HEL (Helsinki) safely on Friday the 13th. No word on if anybody sat in row 13.


text:
The Lady Hawks used superior strength and technique in improving to 16-3 overall and a perfect 6-0 in the district.
Deming (6-15) finished in a tie with Santa Teresa as the No. 2 seed in league play at 3-3, but were handed the No. 3 seed based on head-to-head games won this season. Santa T. had defeated the Lady 'Cats in three games during district play and the Lady 'Cats beat Santa T. in five games.
"We are not concerned with our record at this point," said DHS assistant coach Traci Borden. "We are more concerned with improving as a team each time we play."
The Lady 'Cats did push the district's top seed in the three games played, but had little to offer in the way of consistency. They had moments at the net that put the Lady Hawks in a defensive posture, but could not sustain enough firepower to keep them in that posture.
"Our scores were a lot better this time around," said DHS head coach TamiJo Treadwell based on Deming's last meeting at Centennial. Treadwell has seen improvement through the course of the regular season. Now she hopes the Lady 'Cats can apply that progress through the post season.
By virtue of its No. 3 seed for the District 3-4A Tournament, the Lady 'Cats will host No. 4 seeded Chaparral at 7 p.m.
A match win on Thursday would set up a rematch at Santa Teresa on Thursday for the right to play at Centennial on Saturday for the district championship.
Billy Armendariz can be reached at email@example.com. Follow us on Twitter: @demingheadlight.


text:
Battle in Seattle
Director/Scr: Stuart Townsend. US, Canada. 2007. 100minsA labour of love for actor turned director Stuart Townsend, Battle In Seattle is an uneven but ultimately impassioned recreation of the riots at the 1999 World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle . Documentary footage and fictional drama scenes make for initially uneasy bedfellows but this is a film that seems to grow in stature as it unfolds and matures. ...
Continue reading – simply subscribe below
It takes just two minutes and you'll immediately gain full access to ScreenDaily.com, PLUS Screen International magazine delivered to your door.
Screen International Subscribers:
If you are a Screen International subscriber please sign in with your email address and click submit:
Not a Screen International subscriber?
Sign up today for immediate and complete access to ScreenDaily.com and Screen International magazine for as little as £19.95 a month!
Find out more about all the benefits of a subscription to Screen International.


text:
The Grand Junction City Council renews the debate on whether to change the Colorado National Monument to a state park.
If the monument takes on the new title, council members say the change would increase tourism and boost the local economy.
Councilman Bennett Boeschenstein says a lot of tourists don't know what the national monument is, and he fears many people skip it for nearby parks.
However, opponents say the increased traffic could negatively affect Glade Park residents and ranches.
The resolution will be brought up again at Wednesday's public meeting.
KKCO firmly believes in freedom of speech for all and we are happy to provide this forum for the community to share opinions and facts. We ask that commenters keep it clean, keep it truthful, stay on topic and be responsible. Comments left here do not necessarily represent the viewpoint of KKCO 11News.powered by Disqus


text:
- Filed Under
The following civil lawsuits were recorded Thursday at the Rapides Parish Clerk of Court's Office:
John Spencer Norris Jr., Probate
JP Morgan Chase Bank NA vs. Michael R. Mixon, et al.
American Express Bank FSB vs. Thomas McNabb
Corey A. Craft vs. Evangeline Bank & Trust Co.
State Farm Mutual Auto Ins Co vs. Darrell Thompson
Harley Davidson Credit Corp. vs. Jimmy L. Smith
Ford Motor Credit Co. LLC vs. Landry Collins, et al.
BAC Home Loans Servicing LP vs. Raymond Lee Dalton Sr., et al.
BAC Home Loans Servicing LP vs. Robert Lane Deville, et al.
PNC Bank National Association vs. Helen Louise Ray Gaspard
Felicia Veal Parker vs. Phillip Parker
Meranda Nicole Boeta Brown vs. Andrew Hayden Brown
Rita Patin vs. State of Louisiana, et al.
Justin Wade Perry, Change Name
Chase Home Finance LLC vs. Lacy Perkins Bass, et al.
Jimmie W. Belgard vs. Manch Technologies LLC
Jennifer Lynn Maxwell vs. Christopher Lane Maxwell
State of Louisiana vs. Kenneth Hollis
State of Louisiana vs. Henry A. Baltazar


text:
We are sorry, this product is currently not available.
Industrious socialite Sibyl Colefax, who powered through Black Tuesday and a World War to build her legendary interior design business, might be pleased to see the refined lines of her namesake collection. The genteel English country decor her still-standing firm is known for meets modern fresh in a red interlocking-B pattern around the rim of the crisp white bowl perfect for any time of day.
1.75" D X 5.5" Diameter
Material: Porcelain
1 of 4
1 of 6
1 of 6


text:
- Filed Under
Alexandria Mayor Jacques M. Roy and his staff plan to meet over the next two days to discuss major initiatives for the next fiscal year, which begins in May.
Roy said Wednesday that the purpose of the meeting "will be rolling out some ideas for the council and citizens to think about for the upcoming year and really the next two years." He said the group plans to meet today and Friday.
"To call it a retreat is a stretch," said Kay Michiels, Roy's chief operating officer. "There will be no spa services, golf and fine dining. This is a long and intense staff meeting." ...


text:
November 27, 2015
Derek Capozzi's escape has impacted the way officials in Woodford County are running schools.
All county schools remain on lock down Friday, since Capozzi is still on the loose.
Capozzi escaped less than a mile from Woodford County Middle School Thursday.
Schools across the county quickly responded by going on lock down. Officials also required parents to come to the schools to get their children.
"I appreciate the extra security that was taken, making sure everybody went home to the right people and not going home to an empty house," parent Valerie Poole said.
While buses were running in Woodford County Friday morning, all exterior doors at each school remained locked, and all visitors must show an ID before checking in.
Friday afternoon's dismissal is expected to be just like any other day. If plans do change, parents will be notified using an automated messaging system.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text:
Jessica Garber
News Reporter
In July, Illinois became the last state in the nation to legalize concealed carry of firearms.
The state has already received an overwhelming number of applications, and continues to receive more than 1,000 requests for concealed-carry permits on a daily basis.
While the State Police was granted millions of dollars to enable them to conduct background checks on applicants, local law enforcement agencies did not receive more money to do so.
This lack of funding poses problematic because many applications won't be properly inspected, or only a small fraction of the submitted applications will have the chance to be reviewed.
The results of this issue have yet to surface, since 16,000 Illinoisans have just passed the initial step in the application process, and will soon proceed to the background check portion.


text:
The Swarm (2011)
Ratings: 8.1/10 from 18 users
Reviews: write review
An unknown swarm of creatures visit a quiet street in North London. The residents managed to capture the footage on their mobile phones. This film is the footage that was found.
Director:Tom Harper
Writers:Geoff Bussetil, Tom Harper, 1 more credit »
Stars:Jacob Anderson, Alex Austin, Eloise Barnes | See full cast and crew »


text:
History chords by Tenacious D, added: January 17th, 2011
Profile History
WARNING: You are trying to view content from Ultimate-Guitar.com in an unauthorized application, which is prohibited. Please use an official Ultimate Guitar Tabs application for iPhone, iPad or Android to access legitimate chords, guitar, bass, and drum tabs from Ultimate-Guitar.com database. Type "ultimate guitar tabs" in Apple App Store's or Android Market's search to find the application.
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------- +
| Ultimate Guitar Tabs Archive - your #1 source for tabs! |
| http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/ |
| |
| Over 800,000 guitar, guitar pro and bass tabs! Also lessons, news, |
| columns and guitar forums! |
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------- +
D Dsus4 Asus4 C G (throughout entire song)
This is a song called the history of Tenacious D
And its not just a list of bullshit that we've done in the past,
Its a chronicling of our rise
We ride with kings on mighty steeds across the devil's plain
We've walked with Jesus and his cross
He did not die in vain - No!
We've run with wolves
We've climbed K2, even stopped a moving train
We've traveled through space and time my friends to rock this house again Rock!
We ride and we ride and we'll never subside
We'll ride till the planets collide
And if you say that we do not ride,
I'll tan your fucking hide
Kyle's fingers be silver
Jack's voice then be gold
But lest you think we're vain!
We know you're all robots and we don't care
Tenacious D - we reign!
We reign supreme
Burrito supreme, and a chicken supreme, and a cutlet supreme
Supreme yeah!!!!!!!!!!!!
Go now Kyle 1,2,3
Go now Kyle 1,2,3
Go now Kyle 1,2,3
Burrito supreme, and a chicken supreme and a cutlet supreme
what is the tuning
On the supreme part, its C, G, C, G until the end


text:
7. Bent-over lat row
The faux pas Rounding your spine and not flexing from your hips, pulling the weights up too far behind you
The facts These mistakes place stress on your spine and reduce the demand on your back muscles, making the move less effective.
The fix Stand with feet hip-width apart and hold a dumbbell in each hand, arms by sides. Bend knees and flex forward from hips at about 90 degrees. Let arms hang in line with shoulders, palms facing in. Contract abs to support back. Draw shoulder blades down and together; maintaining body position, bend elbows up and in toward waist until upper arms are in line with torso and forearms are perpendicular to ground, knuckles pointing down (shown). Slowly straighten arms to starting position without changing torso position. Strengthens middle back, rear shoulders and biceps.


text:
By On the occasion of our 20th anniversary
Why Do Mexis Like Wrought-Iron Fences?
By Gustavo Arellano
By R. Scott Moxley
By Alfonso Delgado
Women For: OC are Stitching and Bitching
By Courtney Hamilton
Santa Ana River Ready for Its Renaissance
By Joel Beers
By Peter Maguire
Can Tech Ruin the Kim Pham Murder Trial?
By Charles Lam
Photo by Nick SchouBruce Bruns is a mess. Dressed in yellow shorts and a white undershirt, he sits dejectedly at his kitchen table in a modest one-bedroom Santa Ana apartment. He's talking to Officer Randy Beckx, a 22-year Santa Ana Police Department veteran who specializes in dealing with the city's mentally ill and homeless population.
"Did you call that hot line number I gave you over the telephone last night?" Beckx asks.
"No. I just got a little angry," Bruns says. "I know I talk a lot, but sometimes there's no simple answer."
"Well, we just want to know that you're okay," Beckx says.
At first, Bruns is silent. Then his face turns red, and his eyes well with tears. He covers his ears with both hands and starts sobbing.
"I don't know," Bruns finally says. "It hurts too much. I have a broken foot. I have a broken back. I have back pain and have to take all these injections, and the food doesn't move out of my stomach."
Beckx hands Bruns a tissue from a box on the table. Bruns takes it and wipes at his tears.
"I'm tired of it," he continues, his voice rising in desperation, his face getting even redder. "My whole life! My entire life! There's nothing else I can do! All my life goes to medical bills, and I'm tired of it! It hurts so much!"
Bruns starts grabbing his head. "I have to stand in line for two hours to get medication. I'm supposed to stand on my feet for two hours? Stand for two hours! To get some medication that's supposed to help my broken foot? I'm sick of it!"
"You know, Bruce, there are services that can deliver your medication," Beckx offers. "We can look into that for you."
Bruns doesn't seem to hear him.
"And I'm expected to display normal, happy behavior!" he screams. He raises his arm and violently slams it to the kitchen table, scattering sheets of paper onto the floor. "And when I go to do my shopping, people keep bumping into me, choosing not to see my scarred, ripped-apart body! If they keep doing that to me, then I will purposefully barge into people and knock them down!"
Bruns punctuates each of his points by slapping the table.
"Stop having fucking babies!" he shouts. "It's not my fault you have 4.2 billion people living here! Stop having fucking babies!"
"Are you yelling because you're trying to make a point?" Beckx asks, his voice a model of calmness.
Bruns lowers his voice so that it's barely above a whisper.
"I'm yelling to get my anger out," he says.
Beckx, who had previously received complaints from Bruns' landlord, asks if Bruns has ever broken his furniture. He confesses that he may have thrown a cup in the sink. "I may have dented my stainless steel sink, but that's all," he says. "I'm never physically violent. I know my yelling disturbs people, but I thought maybe people will understand me. But the way I yell, I don't think that helps."
Beckx offers to tell the apartment manager about the situation, that Bruns is just venting, and says he will ask the manager not to call the cops unless furniture is being broken. He warns Bruns not to break any furniture or intentionally bump into people while he's shopping.
Other police officers, who often respond to displays of aggressive behavior with handcuffs, batons or even gunshots, might have reacted differently to the situation.
"To be honest," Beckx admits later with a chuckle, "I've had to take a lot of my police training and turn it on its head."
* * *
Forty-eight-year-old Randy Beckx hasn't just turned his own training on its head. He has turned around his entire police department when it comes to dealing with the city's mentally ill homeless population.
A little more than a decade ago, Santa Ana PD had a bad reputation when it came to dealing with the homeless. The city was forced to pay $50,000 in damages in April 1990, after cops confiscated the bedrolls of homeless people during one of their endless Civic Center cleanup campaigns. The following month, the county's Legal Aid Society filed four civil-rights lawsuits against the department on behalf of homeless people.
Later that year, police arrested 63 homeless in another raid on the Civic Center. About half of those arrested sued and won judgments totaling more than $400,000 against the city. As in other Orange County cities, it remains illegal to "camp" outdoors in Santa Ana. As recently as December 2001, people who live outdoors near the Civic Center complained to OC Weekly about Santa Ana cops shadowing them and issuing citations for such minor infractions as jaywalking.
Dwight Smith, who runs the Catholic Worker homeless shelter in downtown Santa Ana, says the department has a history of harassing the homeless. He recalls the days when it would rain and homeless people would congregate under the Civic Center's pagoda. "The city manager would call the chief of police and demand to know why those people were still there, and the police would come and harass me about some parking violation," says Smith. "Now, because of Randy Beckx, that doesn't happen anymore."
Sponsor Content


text:
Healing Arts Alliance guides
- Filed Under
We've all heard that old adage, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away." But what if your doctor is the one encouraging you to combine healthy eating with regular sessions of Reiki, massage, or acupuncture?
That's what you will find when you learn more about Tallahassee's Healing Arts Alliance. The group, made up of traditional and alternative healers, is inviting the public to a "Meet the Healing Arts Alliance" open house and launch of their new member directory. The event takes place at the Leroy Collins Public Library, Room A, 200 W. Park Avenue, on Sunday, October 27 from 3-5pm.
"We're a great ...


text:
Mary Steenburgen
Revolving Door (0)
Who's coming and who's going. Tell us about your job move! Receive the Revolving Door Newsletter with expert analysis by email twice a week.No Revolving Door results were found.
Sightings (1)
Spotted around the media universe
All in the Walk of Fame Family - Posted November 1, 2010
When you've reached the point of dedicating the 2,419th Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, it becomes challenging PR-wise to come up with something that hasn't been done before. But late this morning, in the shadow of The W Hotel and the intersection of Hollywood an... [FishbowlLA]


text:
Easy Strategies to Lower Unhealthy Calories
Easy Strategies To Lower Unhealthy Calories.
Some people with the modern world feel the in a situation where by they would like to eliminate some fat, in addition to it turns out of which weight loss can be much easier in comparison with it might seem. A substantial component of fat loss comes down to help unhealthy calories with or unhealthy calories available, with different oceans people often should shed far more unhealthy calories or maybe use up fewer, still some people exactly who don't appear to enjoy a whole lot usually are chubby and the like exactly who try to eat at all times will not be. Some sort of making contributions issue to this particular is usually of which most people are unaware of the way a couple the same ingredients can offer some considerable change with unhealthy calories.
You will discover all around 3500 unhealthy calories in a single lb connected with unwanted weight, considering usually are having 3500 unhealthy calories every week a lot less than your whole body is usually getting rid of you might shed pounds, that is certainly 500 unhealthy calories daily. Identical applies intended for developing excess weight, 100 unhealthy calories daily an excessive amount adds up to just about some sort of single lb connected with weight every thirty days, that may be 12 kilos 1 year, thinking about the item that adheres to that it is simple to grasp the way lots of people seem to come to be chubby. The great thing is you will discover a multitude of strategies to exchange just one meal solution intended for a different in addition to chopping up to and including $ 100 or so unhealthy calories from a eating plan each transform, utilizing simply just 2-3 these improvements daily can offer some sort of stunning have an impact on with your body volume.
Here i will discuss 15 easy strategies to eliminate calorie consumption by means of all around 100 unhealthy calories each portion:
1. Feeding on container tuna stuffed with mineral water rather then container tuna stuffed with fat.
3. Swap frequent pop having eating plan pop.
3. Toned this weight down ones animal meat prior to make meals the item.
5. Dip ones motherboards with salsa rather then guacamole.
5. Rather then feeding on garlic cloves loaves of bread containing butter, multiply baked garlic cloves cloves with The french language loaves of bread.
6. Slice this peanut butter with your plastic by 3 tablespoons to 1 tablespoon.
7. Break with oven-baked french fries rather then frequent french fries.
8. Bbq some sort of dairy products plastic having nonstick preparing aerosol rather then margarine.
9. Work with fat-free poisonous treatment rather then frequent poisonous treatment.
10. Thicken salsas having hammer toe flour combined with a bit of mineral water rather then some sort of roux.
11. Beef roasts rooster rather then frying.
12. transition to help low-fat use.
13. Try to eat pretzel is rather then dry-roasted peanuts.
age 14. Try to eat poached eggs rather then fried eggs.
15. Obtain smoothies rather then milkshakes.
Liked it


text:
noun mad·wom·an \ˈmad-ˌwu̇-mən\
: a woman who has severe mental illness : an insane woman
: a woman who acts in a wild and uncontrolled way
Full Definition of MADWOMAN
: a woman who is or acts as if insane
See madwoman defined for English-language learners
See madwoman defined for kids
Examples of MADWOMAN
- a story about a madwoman locked up by her husband
- She is a madwoman on the dance floor.
First Known Use of MADWOMAN
15th century
Medical Dictionary
noun mad·wom·an \ˈmad-ˌwu̇m-ən\
Medical Definition of MADWOMAN
: a woman who is or acts as if insane
Learn More About MADWOMAN
Seen & Heard
What made you want to look up madwoman? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
Puu Kukui, Hawaiian Pu'ukūkae, volcanic peak, Maui county, western Maui island, Hawaii, U.S. It is the highest peak (5,788 feet [1,764 metres]) of an 18-mile (30-km) stretch of mountains, the Honolua volcanic series, that dominates the western peninsula of Maui. Puu Kukui (Hawaiian: "Candlenut Hill") was formed by a volcano whose caldera has eroded into the scenic Iao Valley.
Alternative title: Pu'ukūkae
What made you want to look up Puu Kukui?


text:
Nicki Minaj, Keith Urban, Randy Jackson, Mariah Carey Confirmed As 'American Idol' Judges
photo: Fox
photo: Fox
Although Nicki once claimed she didn't want to be a full-time TV talent show judge, back when it was rumored that she'd been approached by Simon Cowell to join "The X Factor," the split-personality star has apparently since changed at least one of her minds. This is probably due to the reported $12 million (plus possible additional allowances for hair and makeup) that Fox will be paying her. Or maybe when she once joked about filling Jennifer Lopez's seat with her own equally famous curvy behind, she wasn't really joking after all.
photo: Ryan Seacrest's Instagram
photo: Ryan Seacrest's Instagram
Keith is coming in as a relative bargain, since he's reportedly "only" getting paid somewhere around $4 million. But regardless, neither of these two new judges will be getting anything close to the cool $18 million that Mariah is supposedly pocketing.
Randy will presumably be pocketing two salaries--his own as a continuing judge, and a cut of Mariah's earnings, of course. All this for a man who only days ago was supposedly stepping down. I have to give the man kudos for his tenacity--clearly he is in it to win it. Either the man has dirt on Simon Fuller and is blackmailing the show, or "Idol" producers have realized that it's not wise to throw the Dawg out with the bathwater and change up this time-honored show too much. I admit I'm glad Randy still in the mix, if only for branding and nostalgia's sake. Hey, even Randy's former "Idol" co-star Simon Cowell tweeted that this was the right decision on Fox's part!
Anyway, this ought to be interesting--especially where Nicki is concerned. Miss Minaj is certainly a colorful and polarizing figure, and she'll certainly make for some fantastic television. But is she really the right fit for "Idol"? There seems to be at least one person who may not be too happy about this news--Mariah, who according to TMZ was furious to learn that she'd have to share the spotlight with someone as flashy and flamboyant as darling Nicki. I have mixed feelings about this hiring myself, which I'll get to in a moment.


text:
Add to blog
You may place this material on your blog by copying the link
It's the year 2024. President Vladi- mir Putin is now 72. His sandy hair has thinned. But those icy cold blue eyes still transfix.
This nightmarish vision had many Russian democrats tossing and turning in bed Saturday night. With the daylight, they woke up. Then, they remembered: It was not a bad dream, their nightmare was true.
As if to rub it in, Novaya Gazeta published a front page cartoon, showing today's Russian cabinet, aged 12 years, looking like a Soviet politburo of old.
Indeed it is back to the future, as today's Kremlinologists study on- line biographies of Leonid Brezhnev and Josef Stalin to figure out how long they ruled Russia until they died in their beds. (Answer: 18 years for Brezhnev and 30 for Stalin). But last week's elite electorate was not the voting membership of the Soviet Politburo.
Instead, Putin chose himself.
Then in a closed door meeting, he broke the news to his protégé, Dmitry Medvedev. Under the deal, he promised to make Medvedev his prime minister next May.
Thus in a backroom deal, the leadership was decided for the next decade.
Short term, it all should work because public opinion polls show Putin as the country's most popular politician. Control of television, controls on political opposition, and controls on vote counting all help embellish his natural charisma.
The Putin-Medvedev job swap plan was unveiled at the weekend's United Russia congress, which immediately rubber stamped it.
Putin is an expert at keeping his counsel. Close associates were clearly caught off guard.
On a visit to Washington, Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin was evidently so miffed about being passed over for the prime minister's job that he announced he would not work for the new government. In an unexpected display of force, Medvedev told him Monday that he had until sundown to quit or stay on. By the end of the day, Kudrin was gone.
Russian markets continued their fall, hitting two-year lows. Factoring in the Kudrin exit, economists now estimate that net capital f light this year will hit $70 billion.
And a brain drain may follow the money drain: half the country's university students and entrepreneurs said in a recent poll that they want to emigrate. It is no wonder that one of the Kremlin's top issues with the European Union is visas. Cuba and Belarus show that authoritarian regimes are much easier to maintain if the malcontents just leave.
Defenders of Russia's political system correctly say that Russia's history gives little hope that democracy can take root here.
But they twist uncomfortably in their seats when reminded that the same could have been said of nations as diverse as Taiwan, Brazil, South Korea, Spain, Poland, Mexico, Serbia and Japan. All have moved beyond authoritarian systems to create multi-party democracies.
In that tapestry of societies, the common change agent was a middle class that grew to the point where it reached a critical mass.
Behind the growth of Russia's middle class is the stability and oil and gas-fueled growth of the Putin decade.
Now, oil and gas account for two-thirds of Russian export earnings. Coal, iron, gold and other minerals and metals account for most of the rest.
But another world recession — or a pause in China's headlong growth — would push down com- modity prices, plunging Russia's economy into crisis.
Before he quit as finance minister, Kudrin was the Kremlin's Cassandra.
Two years from now, he warned recently, export prices for Russia's oil will slip to $60 a barrel — well below the $120 level needed to balance Russia's swollen budget.
Last weekend in Washington, Kudrin worried about Russia's deep addiction to commodity exports: "Will we, in the next 5-10 years, tear ourselves away from this dependence, get off this needle, or won't we?"
Marginalized from the political arena, most Russians retreat into their personal spheres, channeling energies into places where they can make a difference and get a real benefit — family, friends, work and travel. In this depoliticized atmosphere, a protest was held Sunday on Pushkin Square; it drew about 250 people.
The next morning, the most widely read story on RIA Novosti's web site was not about politics. It was about a federal plan to allow the industrial cultivation of hemp, also known as cannabis sativa, or marijuana.Read other articles of the print issue "The Moscow News #75"
You may place this material on your blog by copying the link


text:
Stay Connected:
Available At:
Current Issue
July 2015, Vol. 67, No. 4
Dru D. Stevenson & Nicholas J. Wagoner, Bargaining in the Shadow of Big Data
Rigel C. Oliveri, Single Family Zoning, Intimate Association, and the Right to Choose Household Companions
Marla Spector Bowman, Docs v. Glocks: Doctors, Guns, Discrimination, and Privacy – Is Anyone Winning?
Cole Barnett & Chris Weeg, Intervention in the Tax Court and the Appellate Review of Tax Court Procedural Decisions
Stephen Carr, The Problems with Principles of Judicial Review: Dart Cherokee Basin Operating Co. v. Owens
Vitaliy Kats, Because, the Internet: The Limits of Online Campaign Finance Disclosure
Tag Archives: peer to peer networks
Michael W. Carroll, The Struggle for Music Copyright
57 Fla. L. Rev. 907 (2005) | | | | INTRODUCTION :: For intellectual property lawyers, the first decade of the twenty-first century is a period of history-in-the-making. This perception is reinforced on a daily basis by rapidly changing digital … Continue reading
Posted in Copyright Law, Intellectual Property, Uncategorized Tagged Bach, Bach v. Longman, Carroll, copyright law, eldred v. Ashcroft, globalized economy, Holmesian quip, intellectual property, internet users, Jack Valenti, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc v. Grokster, Motion Picture Association of America, Music Copyright, Musical Compositions, peer to peer networks, Technological development, VCR Comments Off


text:
Sausages and Peppers is a rustic Italian dish you can find in Italy and in the American north east, wherever there is an Italian community. Most times, it is onions, peppers and sausages sautéed together and served on pizzas or atop crusty rolls. In this case, the dish ends up in the oven with some pasta and parmesan cheese thrown in. It is so, so good and so simple. You can use turkey sausage if you like but it's best with a mix of hot and sweet Italian sausages. You can omit the pasta and serve it on top of a pasta of your choice. Sue uses Pecorino Romano cheese; I use both pecorino and parmesan for smoothness with a bit of bite and she uses spaghetti in her dish whereas I prefer a more robust pasta such as rotini (most sausage and pepper recipes do not use the pasta)
I made this up a few years ago based on all the things I like in a traditional turkey stuffing. It is designed to be old-fashioned, flavorful, and easy and stop you from every buying stuffing that comes in a box. This is beyond pretty darn good. I am not above using a convenience product but when tasty, natural and quick and easy all converge, what's the point? Holidays should be about the real stuff - especially the stuffing.
The Colonel would be proud…..and then perhaps….lawsuits?
Extra crispy chicken at home is possible especially if you have a deep fryer. Is this exactly KFC? It's pretty darned close. All it's missing is the red and white cardboard bucket and sides. Offer mashed potatoes, corn, coleslaw, biscuits and macaroni salad and you have a weekend supper that beats the band and winter doldrums. But this is best in a deep fryer. Deep fryers makes for incredibly crisp, crunchy, coated chicken that is perfectly browned – not burnt – due to the controlled heat. Do be careful with the lid and humidity. IF….you do not want to deep fry, use the alternate oven method (or use a Wok to deep fry)
Oven bake this incredible gourmet cranberry sauce. The oven deep bakes the flavor so the fruits meld just so, and no mixing and pot-watching for you. Just layer, bake, one stir and serve. So good –you'll have to roast a turkey as an excuse to devour all the sauce. Recipe doubles well. As one of our testers pointed out, you can chuck this in the oven with the turkey to save burner space. Same tester (hey Jan in Vermont!) said and we quote "Hate to change the tried and true traditional things of Thanksgiving but change Is good and this cranberry sauce recipe is so, so good!".
Baked in muffin cups, this creamy, irresistibly cheesy Mac and Cheese bakes up into a perfect snack food, that is great for kids or dining for one. I make about a dozen Mac and Cheese muffins with this recipe and put the rest in a small casserole (that serves 1-2 people) Mac and Cheese which I freeze and heat up another time. Swop panko crumbs instead of soda cracker crumbs – either way, you'll have a crisp, buttery top.
Nippy, sweet, hot, tart ….this is oh-so-wicked good.Serve with biscuits, chicken dishes, and naan and tandoori and curry specialties or spread on croissants. You can use semi-drained canned mango.
This classic and always popular tea was named for Charles Grey, the second earl in his line, who was also prime minister to King William IV in the early 19th century. Usually a mix of Indian and Sri Lankan tea, the charactistic Earl Grey, regardless of which company blends it, owes its unique flavor to oil of bergamot. The Earl is said to have been given the recipe by a Chinese official with whom he was acquainted. There are many types of Earl Grey – Twinnings of course is one such, but Serentipitea, Harneys, Bigelow and especially Middle Easter Markets have other incredible Earl Grey blends. If you like Earl Grey, try different ones – I do and I like them all. They all feature the bergamot but the tea leaf blending is different and the overall flavour quite different –each and every one. To crush the whole spices, just put them in a plastic bag and roll a rolling pin over them.


text:
Please be patient as the full-size map (201 KB) loads
Trinidad and Tobago maps. Click on the Trinidad Topography to view it full screen. File Type: png, File size: 205552 bytes (200.73 KB), Map Dimensions: 1200px x 1168px (256 colors)
You can resize this map. Enter height or width below and click on 'Submit'


text:
Casey Prather (24) of the Florida Gators drives to the basket against Josh Richardson of the Tennessee Volunteers during the first half at Stephen C. O'Connell Center on Jan. 25, 2014 in Gainesville.
- Filed Under
Right now, the sun is shining on Florida, projected as a No. 1 seed, a top-three ranking and a 15-game winning streak.
But crunch time has arrived on the part of the schedule that has darkened many promising outlooks in the past. Florida (21-2 overall, 10-0 in SEC play) visits Tennessee (15-8, 6-4) at 7 tonight before traveling to Kentucky on Saturday. The Gators have lost eight of their past 10 trips to Knoxville, and six in a row in Lexington.
After a home game next Wednesday against Auburn, more challenges await. Florida travels to Ole Miss and Vanderbilt to close out the month. ...


text:
Add to Favorite List:
Create a new folder:
Next »
white white white stripper lap dance
Recognize a pornstar in this video?
Help make pornstars easier to find on Tube8 by telling us who is in this video.
Thanks! The pornstar names will be added to this video when enough users submit the same names.
You must enter a pornstar name that already exists in our database.
- Category: Strip
- Views: 62,603
- Added: 5 years ago
- Description: white white white stripper lap dance
- Tags: white, stripper, lap-dance
- Pornstars: Add Pornstar
- Favorite by: 82
- Featured:
- Report This Video
Video Comments
All Video Comments (1)
AdBlock blows! Please disable the add-on to ensure you get the most out of Tube8's features and functionality. Read about why you shouldn't use AdBlock. Close