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The snow has fallen. The ice has set in. And the snow has fallen again. Now you're like thisclose to cabin fever. So when you're finally able to leave the house during rough winter weather, you're better off strapping a durable, well-constructed winter boot instead of running shoes, which become flimsy slippers once the snow soaks them. Your toes will thank you (since they won't fall off due to frostbite), and you'll look stylish. That's what we like to call a win-win.
Also: Essential Wintertime Groomng Products For Your Face
#1. Oliberte Adibo Pullup ($75 @ Oliberte.com)
The Adibo boots are made by hand out of ethically sourced leather. That might not let you off the hook with a PETA-supporting girlfriend, but it should still earn points. The Adibo's black seen on the upper is contrasted by the lighter red of the raw edges, which transforms a natural aspect of the construction into its own design feature. These short boots come up just to the ankle and have rubber soles. As for comfort, we purchased insoles for some added padding. A small price to pay for a sporty and durable boot.
Also: Great Men's Gloves For Winter
#2. Sorel Caribou Wool Boot ($160 @ Amazon.com)
Sorel is notorious for manufacturing some of the best boots for men. Why? Because the full-grain leather and waterproof upper functions help to keep the elements out while the removable, felted wool InnerBoot keeps warmth in. Read: Your tootsies will be nice and cozy wozy. All that warmth would be nothing without traction to keep you from falling on your ass every time you take a step. Enter Sorel's AeroTrac technology. Now when you're at the cabin, you can traipse out in the snow in your swim trunks confident that your feet will stay warm and grounded.
Also: Cool Winter Hats For Guys
#3. OluKai Honolulu Boot ($180 @ OluKai.com)
The Honolulu boot is a breezy interpretation of the classic professional men's shoe. Its sleek design is authoritative, but the detailing suggests after-hours fun. The leather upper wicks away moisture. These boots also feature non-marking rubber soles and antiqued metal detailing for a touch of subtle worldliness. Above all, they're comfy. A boot that's both stylish and comfortable and kick inclement weather's ass and feel good afterward gets two thumbs up.
Next: Timberland, Wing Iron, and Gucci


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The Complete Linux Magazine Archive!
10th Anniversary Issue
The complete history of Linux Magazine on DVD!
For 10 years, Linux Magazine has specialized in smart insightful articles on open source tools and real-world Linux. We've charted the history of Linux from an obscure hacker's system to a mainstream OS that is friendly enough for beginners and stable enough for the corporate desktop. To celebrate our 10-year anniversary, we have bundled all our past issues on this single, searchable DVD.
Buy this article as PDF
(incl. VAT)
Buy Linux Magazine
Visit Our Shop
Direct Download
Read full article as PDF:LMI-DVD-Inlay_120.pdf (647.15 kB)
Dyreza Malware is Back
Powerful man-in-the-middle attack is now targeting online shopping.
Kernel Developer Matthew Garrett Forks the Linux Kernel
Another high-profile coder says the kernel team needs a kinder, gentler culture.
Bugzilla Bug
Bug database has a bug of its own that could allow an intruder to create an unauthorized account.
US Launches New Strategy for Broadband Access
Report focuses federal resources on achieving universal Internet access.
RC4 Finally Gets the Fork
Leading browser makers say "no" to porous encryption algorithm
IBM Says TOR Network a Vehicle for Ransomware
Report from the X-Force group says attackers are using TOR to hide their crimes
Mozilla Announces new Firefox API
Future Firefox extensions will be compatible with Chrome.
Weird Security Flaw Affected Intel Chips for 16 Years
Better read this if you bought your computer before 2011
OpenSSH 7.0 Secure Shell Arrives
Users should upgrade to the new version as soon as possible
Qemu Flaw Lets the Guest Escape
Xen project announces a privilege escalation problem for Qemu host systems

subset: commoncrawl


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Diversified Consumer Services
Company Overview of Free Arts NYC, Inc.
Executive Profile
Simon De Pury
Director, Free Arts NYC, Inc.
|Total Calculated Compensation
|This person is connected to 1 Board Members in 1 different organizations across 3 different industries.
See Board Relationships
Mr. Simon De Pury served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Phillips, de Pury & Company LLC (formerly, PHILLIPS, de PURY & LUXEMBOURG). After working at the Bern auctioneers, Kornfeld & Klipstein, Mr. De Pury joined Sotheby's working in London, Geneva and Monte Carlo. From 1979 to 1986, he curated the celebrated Thyssen-Bornemisza collection in Lugano. In 1986, Mr. De Pury returned to Sotheby's first as Chairman of Sotheby's Switzerland ...
Corporate Headquarters
1431 BroadwayPhone: 212-974-9092
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Search Results: 'magic squares'
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In the beginning there was Mythology and Magic, then came Philosophy and Consciousness, followed by Cosmology and Religion, then Physics and Chemistry were developed into science. Now in this series... More > of books called the Square Of Life, Swami Ram has been able to combine all of those in a simple science called the Vedic Sciences which explains all the phenomenon we sometimes though were not possible in life. When compared to the subject of physics, the Vedic Sciences have presented far more credible and practical explanations of the occurrences and events that happen in a human being's life, than scientists of today can offer. In this book we can see the way our Life and Physical experiences are influenced by the various Energies of the Universe and how our life will go through the cyclic vibrations of the universe on a daily, monthly and yearly basis. This book will help you assess that future experience and it will prepare you for it< Less
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Posted on 9/2/12 8:36am
Just spent a while typing up a blog post only to have the site "eat" it when I hit save. Not impressed.
Posted on 8/4/12 11:37am
Posted on 6/26/12 6:38am
Posted on 6/16/12 5:59pm
I'm not dead, just busy. Will migrate more blog posts from my Gamespot when time permits.
Craig wrote on thedarkorb's profile.
Posted on 5/29/12 1:43pm
Thanks for coming to the g1 community! Make sure to use your wall to communicate with others in the community and also share your videos and blog posts. We look forward to having you here.
Posted on 5/28/12 5:22pm
Posted on 5/27/12 11:02am
Posted on 5/24/12 8:39am
Thought about joining Screwattack for a while now. Considering moving my blog over from Gamespot as that site is really going down the tube.


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Have a photo that captures the essence of your boating life?
Send us your image now and it will be entered into our photo contest. Our panel of professional photographers will review every photo and may select your snapshot for the next issue of Power & Motoryacht.
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Glacier Bay
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Glacier Bay
When was the shot taken?:
Thu, 2012-07-19


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Iraq urges Arab states to use oil against US, Israel
Fri Nov 16, 2012 6:4PM
At least 25 Palestinians, including a senior Hamas commander, have been killed and over 250 others injured in Israeli attacks on Gaza since Wednesday when the Israeli army launched the so-called "Operation Pillar of Defense" against the Palestinian territory.The Israeli Army says it has hit more than 600 targets in Gaza during the past three days. Palestinian fighters have also fired hundreds of rockets into Israel in response to the deadly attacks. Residents of the besieged Gaza Strip say they are getting text messages warning of military escalation as reports suggest that Israeli military forces are preparing for a ground invasion of Gaza. Following Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's announcement that the military was preparing for a "significant widening" of its attacks against the blockaded coastal strip, the Tel Aviv regime has called up 75,000 army reservists, preparing 16,000 for a possible ground invasion of Gaza. On Thursday, dozens of military trucks were seen transporting tanks and armored personnel carriers toward Gaza. Many buses carrying soldiers also headed toward the border area. Israeli TV stations said a Gaza operation was expected on Friday. TE/HGH/SS


text: Bill Young | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season View more items Bill Young Producer, Performer Male Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsJekyll & Hyde[Musical, Drama, Original]Associate Produced by Bill Young Apr 28, 1997 - Jan 07, 2001Laffing Room Only[Musical, Revue, Comedy, Original] Performer: Bill Young [Guest/Tourist, "An Apartment in 1980" Ensemble, "The Ghost Train" Performer, Neighbor, "In a Radio Station" Ensemble]Dec 23, 1944 - Jul 14, 1945 Find out where Bill Young and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


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With 1.7 million freelancers, we'll match you with the perfect talent.
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I need to add automatic awards to my achievements app. I am running the most recent versions of Wordpress, Buddypress, Achievements, and BP Group Reviews.
I want to have an achievement 'event' that automatically gives a user points when a certain number of group reviews is reached. It should be easy to create new achievements for reviewing via the 'create achievements' on the website.
Also be nice for an achievement 'event' that gives users points for writing a certain number of posts in bbpress forums.
I think this is an easy project and only requires a few lines of code, but it is beyond my skill.
I would like to see some information about knowledge of buddypress.
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The Great Sydney Swim - Sydney
*** Latest event details are yet to be confirmed ***
Take the plunge in the final ocean swim of the Body Science Great Australian Swim Series and compete for your chance to take out the Series Champion honours. The Body Science Great Australian Swim Series involves five ocean swims along the east-coast of Australia in the Whitsundays, Byron Bay, Brisbane, Gold Coast and Sydney.
Join in the festivities of the final swim in January 2015, with every participant receiving a race pack and great prizes up for grabs. The Body Science Great Australian Swim series offers enjoyment in every experience from the P&O Cruises 2.2 kilometre Swim for the experienced swimmer, the Ky Hurst Kellogg's 750 metre course for those just starting out or feeling like a casual splash and the Junior Kids 300 metre event where entrants swim alongside some of open waters best swimmers and sports stars.


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Immigrants Become Naturalized US Citizens At Ceremony In New Jersey
An immigrant from India holds a flag wihile waiting for a... News PhotoCeremony,District,Flag,Government,Holding,Horizontal,Immigrant,India,New Jersey,Newark - New Jersey,Office,Politics,USA,WaitingPhotographer John MooreCollection: Getty Images News 2013 Getty ImagesNEWARK, NJ - JANUARY 28: An immigrant from India holds a flag wihile waiting for a naturalization ceremony to become a U.S. citizen at the district office of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) on January 28, 2013 in Newark, New Jersey. Some 38,000 immigrants became U.S. citizens at the Newark office alone in 2012. (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images)


text:
Metals and Mining
Company Overview of Demir Export A.S.
BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH Yildirim Ali Koç *
*Data is at least as current as the most recent Definitive Proxy.
MOST CONNECTED PEOPLE TO Yildirim Ali Koç
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What is Lupus?
Lupus is an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune means that your immune system will be over reactive and attack the healthy cells of your body.
There are several different kinds of Lupus.
-Systemic Lupus Erythematosis which affects your entire body and many times, major organs. -Discoid (or Cutaneous) Lupus Erythamatosis which affects the skin and may affect other organs.
-Lupus Nephritis which attacks the kidneys.
-Pregnancy induced Lupus which may only last during the duration of pregnancy, or might be life-lasting
Some patients may have more than one type of Lupus at once (for example, it is common for someone with DLE to develop SLE, or for a person with SLE to develop Lupus Nephritis.
What are the Symptoms of Lupus?
There is no single test for Systemic Lupus, as it is a complicated and diverse illness. To be diagnosed with Lupus, a patient will have typically four or more of the following symptoms:
Malar rash: butterfly-shaped rash across cheeks and nose
Discoid (skin) rash: raised red patches
Photosensitivity: skin rash as result of unusual reaction to sunlight
Mouth or nose ulcers: usually painless
Arthritis (nonerosive) in two or more joints, along with tenderness, swelling, or effusion. With nonerosive arthritis, the bones around joints don't get destroyed.
Cardio-pulmonary involvement: inflammation of the lining around the heart (pericarditis) and/or lungs (pleuritis)
Neurologic disorder: seizures and/or psychosis
Renal (kidney) disorder: excessive protein in the urine, or cellular casts in the urine
Hematologic (blood) disorder: hemolytic anemia, low white blood cell count, or low platelet count
Immunologic disorder: antibodies to double stranded DNA, antibodies to Sm, or antibodies to cardiolipin
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA): a positive test in the absence of drugs known to induce it. A special note on the ANA test
Is there a Cure?
Unfortunately, none of the chronic forms of Lupus have a cure available. Pregnancy induced Lupus, or Lupus Nephritis in individuals previously without the disease might only last a short period of time (until kidneys have been treated, or until pregnancy is over).
There are several available treatments available, and all depend on the individuals needs. Most medications are to reduce inflammation and pain, either by NSAIDs or corticosteroids.
Who has Lupus?
125 Million Americans suffer from Chronic Illness
1.5 million (or 1 in every 200) Americans have Lupus
16,000 develop it each year
80% of cases are developed between the ages of 15-45
90% of all cases are women
African Americans, Native Americans, Asians and Hispanics are 3X more likely to develop Lupus
Only 5% of children born of parents with Lupus will develop the disease
Discoid Lupus makes up for about 10% of all Lupus cases
Systemic Lupus (SLE) accounts for 70% of all Lupus cases
20% of all Lupus patients have a relative with Lupus
Information and Statistics compiled from


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Resolution: standard / high
Figure 3.
Gene Ontology term summary of core genes. Gene Ontology terms for conserved core genes (blue bars) and highly variable core genes (red bars) are shown in 3 categories (from top to bottom): biological processes (green labels), cellular component (pink labels) and molecular function (black labels). GO are assigned from blast all-against-all between core genes and protein sequences from Uniprot based on 50/50 rule. All conclusions drawn about the variable set are relative to the fraction of like sequences in the conserved set, and not in any way absolute.
Leekitcharoenphon et al. BMC Genomics 2012 13:88 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-88


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Emmy-winning McCullough leaving 'General Hospital'
In this image released by ABC, actors, from left, Kimberly McCullough, Brooklyn Silzer and Finola Hughes appear in a scene from the daytime series, "General Hospital." This month, McCullough is leaving the popular ABC soap opera to pursue directing. She has appeared on the show since she was 6-years-old. (AP Photo/ABC, Ron Tom)
NEW YORK (AP) — Longtime viewers of "General Hospital" have watched Kimberly McCullough grow up. She originated the role of Robin Scorpio as a child in 1985 and will leave the show this month.
The actress first appeared in the ABC soap opera at 7 years old as the precocious Robin. In the soap genre, child characters tend to inexplicably age rapidly Login to read more
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Parents of Nyakach MP Aduma Owuor were killed in their home by arsonists in a shocking incident.
The elderly couple's house was torched in the killing at Kabete Village, Kisumu County that is believed to have taken place at around 10pm.
Francis Owuor, 83, and his wife Mary, 65, died on Thursday night after the attack, believed to have been carried out by three people. Owuor's body was burnt beyond recognition, he was reportedly beaten to death. She had cut and bruises on the face.
A sombre-mood engulfed the homestead as over 500 villagers milled the home. Women wailed and men talked in low tones.
There were about 20 Adminstration Police officers at the compound as from about 5pm.
Wycliffe Owuor, a younger brother to the area MP, said neighbours called him to inform him about the fire.
"I live in Kisumu and neighbours called me at around 10pm to inform my parents' house was on fire," he said, adding that when he arrived at the home, about an hour later, frantic efforts were being made to put off the fire.
The attackers are believed to have come to the deceased compound as early as 7pm.
The late Owuor worker is reported to have been beaten and locked by the assailants.
Nyakach OCPD Dismus Wanjala, who was at the scene, said he was unable to give any details.
The home is about 20 kilometres from Ahero- Kisii Road. Aduma was reportedly travelling to Nyakach from Nairobi.
The MP has been vocal on issues relating to cattle-rustling in the area. He has had a brush with the law after he took a body of a man shot with arrows to the regional commissioner's office in Kisumu, about two months ago.
In August he escaped death after he was involved in an accident along Kericho- Mau Summit road.
The vehicle, which had four occupants rolled several times before landing into a ditch.
The late are parents' in-law to Kisumu West MP Oluoch Olago.
- The Standard
My condolences to the M.P's parent. Why hurt the elderly? All the M.P and his colleagues want is change in the way politics in the region have been conducted in the past. I pray and hope ODM old guards are not behind this. Pray for the family.
This is too annoying and beyond anyone's imagination. Whatever the reason behind this, how would killing such elderly harmless people benefit the Killers? Are there gangs out for hire to do such ungodly acts or its a bad spirit that prevails upon such hooligans to commit such heinous acts.
May God console the bereaved family.
What do you expect? The country is being led by the two ICC candidates who should not have been allowed to run for any public office while indicted by the ICC for committing crimes against humanity.
I blame the head of the IEBC and Kenyan Supreme Court Chief Justice for allowing these two people to run for any public office in our beautiful Kenya.
I am challenging all Kenyans to ask these two people to resign or be impeached. Enough is Enough. How much more embarrassing incidents are we willing to face!
The insecurity in Kenya is solely as a result of a nation being led by people who should not have been allowed to run! We all know very well that their running for the highest office of the land was to avoid going to Hague! In the few months after they took office, our national airport was turned into ashes. No one has been arrested or prosecuted. The Westgate stopped to exist with over 60 lives abruptly terminated! How much more can we take?
I am making an appeal for all peace loving Kenyans to read what Brother Njoya wrote in the Daily Nation of November 9, 2013. This Brother is a true patriot of Kenya.
When I read that some selfish members of Parliament have found a bar in Hague where they are drinking and also listening to the Kenyan music. My first reaction is that: Is this true? Where is the Public Prosecutor? Are they being paid their monthly salary? Who is paying for their daily expenses in Hague? What are they doing in Hague?
The fear that the people of Kenya have on their leaders has led to this decadence! As one former US president once said, " ...the only thing to fear is the fear itself." The fact that our greedy and extremely arrogant MP's know that Kenyans are cowards, they will continue to get away with murder.
I am asking our Public Prosecutor to demand that these "praying and drinking" MP's return back to Kenya immediately or lose their seats. I am asking the members of press to have the moral courage to let us know the names of these "praying and drinking " MP's
ENOUGH IS ENOUGH. Written by an extremely Patriotic Kenyan who wants to see impunity, corruption and arrogance disappear in his lifetime!
Registration for the US Green Card Lottery for FY 2017 (DV-2017) begins today, Thursday October 1st at 12noon EDT.
The Diversity Visa Program is administered annually by the Department of State and provides for a class of immigrants known a...
Tax filing season just got more interesting now that a new law, the Federal Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), has kicked in. The law requires banks to report foreign accounts held by Americans. This law was aimed at preventing fat cats from chea...
Africans have the highest educational attainment rates of any immigrant group in the United States with higher levels of completion than the stereotyped Asian American model minority. It is not only the first generation that does well, as estimate...
Beverly Munga is among many young people whose dream is to get the best education, get a good paying job and of course, live happily ever after.
She was privileged to go and study Law in the UK and after eight years, came back with a Master...
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Tan skin suggests that you spend a lot of time enjoying the beach, whereas pale skin suggests that you rarely leave your sand castle. See the light with this Groupon.
Choose Between Two Options
- $25 for three spray tans (up to a $90 value)
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Within each colorful and contemporary South Beach Tanning Company locale, the staff shepherds bodies into rich golden hues via tanning beds and booths and UV-free mists. Level 3 beds saturate skin in zealous rays intent on darkening body bark. Patrons can relax during each 12-minute session while listening to surround-sound music, tinkering with adjustable facial lamps, and sharing secrets with a full-body cooling system, or they can stand strong during shorter 7-minute sessions in a standup booth. Inside roomy VersaSpa spray-tan cocoons, a blend of moisturizing and skin-firming solutions coats bodies from head to heel in just 46 seconds. After the application, bronzed pelts dry under a team of rapidly fluttering butterflies, and color continues to sink in during the following four hours.
South Beach Tanning
South Beach is known for its signature art-deco designs, pristine beaches, and energetic nightlife. Taking a cue from that dynamic locale, the staff members of South Beach Tanning Company have decorated their various locations in the spirit of South Beach and pride themselves on their upbeat, lounge-like vibe. Inside each salon, cheery lighting and bright purple, blue, and red walls augment the high-quality equipment and shelves of handpicked lotions, and high ceilings stop newly acquired tans from floating off just-bronzed bodies.
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The presence of tandem amino acid repeats (AARs) is one of the signatures of eukaryotic proteins. AARs were thought to be frequently involved in bio-molecular interactions. Comprehensive studies that primarily focused on metazoan AARs have suggested that AARs are evolving rapidly and are highly variable among species. However, there is still controversy over causal factors of this inter-species variation. In this work, we attempted to investigate this topic mainly by comparing AARs in orthologous proteins from ten angiosperm genomes.
Angiosperm AAR content is positively correlated with the GC content of the protein coding sequence. However, based on observations from fungal AARs and insect AARs, we argue that the applicability of this kind of correlation is limited by AAR residue composition and species' life history traits. Angiosperm AARs also tend to be fast evolving and structurally disordered, supporting the results of comprehensive analyses of metazoans. The functions of conserved long AARs are summarized. Finally, we propose that the rapid mRNA decay rate, alternative splicing and tissue specificity are regulatory processes that are associated with angiosperm proteins harboring AARs.
Our investigation suggests that GC content is a predictor of AAR content in the protein coding sequence under certain conditions. Although angiosperm AARs lack conservation and 3D structure, a fraction of the proteins that contain AARs may be functionally important and are under extensive regulation in plant cells.
Tandem amino acid repeats (AARs), or homopeptides, are protein segments that comprise a continuous array of identical residues. As repetitive DNA is very abundant in eukaryotic genomes [1], AARs are frequently found in the proteomes of eukaryotes [2-4]. These simple peptides can be encoded by tandem repeats of the same codon, which are vulnerable to point mutations, or by a mixture of synonymous codons [5]. These repetitive codon tracts are primarily introduced by either replication slippage [6] or recombination [7].
AARs are often situated in disordered regions of proteins that lack regular 3D structures [8]. Nevertheless, over the past two decades, increasing attention has been paid on biological importance of AARs (see [9] for a recent review) which have long been regarded as junk sequences [10]. AARs have been shown to be associated with several diseases. For example, the expansion of a glutamine repeat may induce Huntington's disease and other neuro-degenerative diseases [11]. Beneficial effects of AARs have also been uncovered. An example is the glutamine repeat that appears in a key component of the biological clock in the fungus Neurospora crassa White Collar-1. This AAR was suggested to control circadian period length [12]. Large-scale analyses indicate that AARs tend to participate in the regulation of transcription [8,13,14] and are frequently involved in protein-protein interactions [15].
AARs are highly polymorphic and fast-evolving sequences [9,16]. In line with the accelerated rate of evolution for protein segments that are in or near AARs, selective constraints are thought to be relaxed around AARs [8,17]. There are competing interpretations of the rapid evolution of AARs. Some believed that AARs evolve in a largely neutral fashion [18], partly as a consequence of the balance between replication slippage and point mutations [6]. Based on shifts of the frequency distribution of coding tri-nucleotide repeats compared to that of non-coding tri-nucleotide repeats, Mularoni et al. proposed that selection plays an important role in AAR evolution [19]. There is also evidence for positive selection on the AARs from case studies of a few mammalian genes [20,21].
The frequency and size of AARs show inter- and intra-species variation both in large-scale comparisons [17] and in studies focused on vertebrates [8,13,19] or fruit flies [22]. The causal factors underlying this variation are still a matter of dispute [13,17], and some have attributed them to GC content bias [16,18,23]. In plants, repetitive DNA is widely used as a genetic marker, and its variation among transcripts has been observed [24]. Nevertheless, in contrast to animal AARs, plant AARs have not been intensively investigated, except in a recent report based on two model plants, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) [14].
In this report, we revisit the questions surrounding AARs in plants in the light of current accumulation of plant whole genome sequences. A comparison of 1-to-1 orthologous proteins between ten sequenced angiosperm species revealed a positive correlation between AAR content and GC content, a finding that may be applicable to some other non-metazoan taxa. Other factors related to AAR content variation were also discussed. We attempted to summarize the functions of conserved long angiosperm AARs and their host genes in the context of the rapid evolution of AARs and their flanking regions. Our analysis also supports the idea that AARs are widely associated with protein structural disorder. Finally, we suggest that transcripts of repeat-containing proteins (RCPs) are under various levels of regulation in plant cells.
Results and Discussion
Correlation between AAR content and GC content in plants
We predefined an AAR as an uninterrupted run of four or more identical amino acids. Our 1-to-1ortholog dataset contains 4, 281 groups of proteins from six eudicots[25][26][27][28][29][30] (A. thaliana, Carica papaya, Glycine max, Malus × domestica, Populus trichocarpa and Vitis vinifera) and four monocots [31],[32][33][34] (Brachypodium distachyon, O. sativa, Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays). The abbreviations used and general information about the genome sequence data of these ten species are given in Table 1. All of the following analyses within the spectrum of angiosperm were based on this dataset, unless stated otherwise.
Table 1. Summary of the ten angiosperm genomes included in this study
Similar to other eukaryotes, angiosperm proteins are enriched in AARs (0.84 AAR per protein on average). Because short AARs may be derived from the interruption of a long AAR, we used repeated residues per 1000 amino acids (RRPK, Repeated Residues per Kilo Amino Acids, defined as the ratio of the total AAR length to the protein length, multiplied by 1000) to represent the AAR content of a protein or protein segment. For example, the RRPK of peptide "QQQQQSTWQQQQAAE" is 9/15 × 1000 = 600. There is a nearly 3-fold variation in RRPK between these ten species, with values that range from 5.06 (grape) to 15.25 (rice). It is somehow striking that large genomes or proteomes do not necessarily have higher RRPK.
We noticed that orthologs in monocots have an elevated RRPK and that the GC content (of their coding sequences) is also higher. A strong linear correlation between RRPK and GC content can be observed (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.87, p = 1.1 × 10-3; Figure 1A), although no positive correlations observed within eudicots or monocots, partially due to a limited taxonomy coverage of the available genomes. To test whether this phenomenon is specific to angiosperms, we also tested a set of 1-to-1 orthologs between Arabidopsis, moss (Physcomitrella patens [35]) and green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [36] and Volvox carteri [37]) and also observed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.97, p = 2.5 × 10-2; Figure 1B). Moreover, within each angiosperm species, a weak but significant positive correlation between protein RRPK and GC content was observed (r = 0.15~0.43, p < 1.0 × 10-10; Figure 1C and 1D). Finally, when protein sequences were equally divided into three parts, an accumulation of AARs in the N-terminus could be observed, which is in line with the elevated GC content of this region (Figure 1E). However, the C-terminus also had a higher RRPK in comparison with the middle segments for all of the species except rice (Figure 1E), similar to what has been observed in animals [16,22]. It is worth mentioning that AARs have been proposed to follow a negative gradient from the N-terminus to the C-terminus in plant proteins [14]. One explanation for this discrepancy is that there are differences in the definition of the protein terminus between the two studies. Zhang et al. measured the absolute position of the AARs [14] and thus may have counted all of the repeats that are present in short proteins as being in the N-terminus.
Figure 1. Correlation between AAR and coding GC content in plants. (A) Among angiosperm orthologs (the abbreviations used are detailed in Table 1), the average values are shown; (B) among Arabidopsis, moss and green algae orthologs, the average values are shown; (C) for all angiosperm orthologs from Arabidopsis; (D) for all angiosperm orthologs from rice; (E) in different regions of orthologous angiosperm proteins.
High GC content favors replication slippage and, thus, the generation of AARs, which has been proposed in a number of reports [13,16,38]. On the other hand, GC content has also been treated as an indicator of the local recombination rate [39]. Angiosperm species with high recombination rates (i.e., exactly, higher average centiMorgan per megabase), such as Arabidopsis and rice [40], are relatively enriched for AARs (Figure 1A). We attempted to test the association of RCPs with recombination hotspots in Arabidopsis by exploiting publicly available extensive SNP data [41]. A total of 293 putative hotspot neighboring genes (see Materials and Methods) were identified. At the whole proteome level, the fraction of hotspot neighboring genes in genes encoding RCPs is higher than that in genes not encoding RCPs in our dataset (1.3% vs. 0.93%, Fisher's exact test, p = 0.01), indicating that the influence of recombination on the AAR frequency, although limited, cannot be excluded.
The relationship between AAR content and GC content is distorted by AAR composition and life history traits
There is controversy over the relationship between GC content and AAR content. A positive correlation between GC content and AAR content has been observed in some mammalian species [16], while in a wider spectrum of taxa, a negative correlation was proposed [18]. Thus, we examined the relationship between GC content and AAR content within two additional taxonomic groups from distinct eukaryotic clades, Sordariomycetes fungi and Diptera insects (summarized in Table S1 and Table S2 in Additional File 1, respectively). These 1-to-1 ortholog groups contain 4, 047 and 3, 680 proteins from fungi and insects, respectively.
Additional file 1. The relationship between AAR content and GC content in fungi and insects. This file contains two tables (Tables S1 and S2) that list the sources of the fungi and insect genome sequences that were used in this study, as well as two figures (Figures S1 and S2) that show the corresponding relationship between AAR content and GC content.
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A positive correlation was observed in fungi (r = 0.78, p = 2.2 × 10-2; Figure S1 in Additional File 1). Both plants and fungi harbor a large fraction of AARs that are encoded by GC-rich codons (39.3% and 36.9% on average, respectively; see also Figure 2), including alanine, glycine and proline repeats. Removal of these three types of AAR would diminish the positive correlation (p = 0.19 and 3.6 × 10-2 for plants and fungi, respectively). In contrast, fruit flies, whose RRPK shows a negative correlation with GC content (r = -0.72, p = 8.9 × 10-3, Figure S2 in Additional File 1), were relatively enriched for glutamine repeats (22.1% on average) but not for types of AAR that were encoded by GC-rich codons (31.7% on average), indicating the influence of AAR composition on the relationship between AAR content and GC content. Additionally, no significant correlation was identified in the insect group as a whole because mosquito proteins, which contain fewer glutamine repeats (15.9% on average) than their fruit fly orthologs, seem to accumulate AARs with elevated GC content (Figure S2).
Figure 2. Residue composition in AARs and across the entire set of orthologs. The fractions of residues from AARs and from the entire set of orthologs are shown as green columns and yellow columns, respectively. Only positive error bars are shown.
However, GC content and residue composition are not the only factors that influence the AAR content. For example, both maize and grape have relatively higher GC content (Figure 1A) and fewer glutamine repeats (< 4.5%), but their RRPK are the lowest among eudicots and monocots, respectively (Figure 1A). These two species share at least two life-history traits: (1) relatively "large body size" and (2) cross-pollination. We intentionally used quotes in this paragraph to emphasize that, owing to the high plasticity of plant development, caution should be used when linking body size to genomic signatures. Conversely, self-pollinating "small grasses", such as Arabidopsis and rice, have abundant AARs. Rice orthologs are so abundant in AARs that they appear as an outlier in the linear regression (Grubbs's test, p = 0.015; Figure 1A). A recent survey [24] showed that barley (Hordeum vulgare) has a higher fraction of RCPs than sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Interestingly, the former is a self-pollinating "small grass", whereas the latter is a cross-pollinating "large grass". In all, life-history traits are seeming cofactors of AAR content and deserve re-examination when more angiosperm genome sequences become available.
Taken together, the driving force shaping the presence and content of different types of AARs or low-complexity sequences appear to be complex, as was recently suggested for Plasmodium falciparum [42]. The interplay between GC content, AAR residue composition and life-history remains complicated and needs further investigation.
Rapid evolution of angiosperm AARs and their functions
Like their animal counterparts [8], many angiosperm AARs have not been conserved over a long period of evolution. This trend is indicated by the observation that approximately 75% of AARs fail to align to the corresponding region in any of the other orthologs (i.e., the corresponding regions in the multiple alignment of other orthologs are filled with gaps). A faster rate of evolution, as estimated by average dN/dS ratio of the AAR flanking regions in comparison to RCPs as a whole, was also observed (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 1 × 10-9 for all species; Table S3 in Additional File 2), supporting previous work that was conducted in other species [17,43]. Although it has been suggested that purifying selection is relaxed in flanking regions of AARs, only about 3% of these flanking regions show signs of positive selection, i.e., a dN/dS greater than 1 (Table S4 in Additional File 2). Assuming that the fraction of regions under positive selection would be underestimated by the average dN/dS, we also calculated pairwise dN/dS for three pairs of species: (1) Arabidopsis and papaya, (2) rice and false brome and (3) maize and sorghum. The fractions were still limited (Welch's t-test, p > 0.05; Table S4), indicating that positive selection is not a ubiquitous evolutionary process in AAR flanking regions.
Additional file 2. Fast evolving AAR flanking regions, conserved long AARs of unknown function and RRPK of alternatively spliced exons. This file contains Tables S3-S7.
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Some pathogenesis-related proteins from P. falciparum were enriched with long asparagines repeats, and this phenomenon has been proposed as a reflection of selection against human immune systems [44]. We tested the function enrichment of rice RCPs with higher (> 20) RRPK, but did not find specific terms other than the regulation of transcription (detailed data not shown). Even though some molecular functions are enriched for RCPs [14], a loss of conservation can make the detailed genetic or biochemistry assays of the function of the AARs difficult. Fortunately, a few conserved long AARs still exist and can serve as targets for further experimental analysis. We chose conserved long AARs based on two criteria: (1) longer than seven residues and (2) the corresponding regions from at least eight other orthologs could be aligned with a multiple sequence alignment identity that is not lower than 50%. We then mapped these 18 AARs onto the corresponding regions in the Arabidopsis orthologs (Table 2 and Table S5 in Additional File 2) and found a few with indirect evidence [45][46][47][48][49] of being functionally important in Arabidopsis (Table 2). For example, truncation of the N-terminal acid domains containing long serine repeats from ABI3 (ABA INSENSITIVE 3) largely abolishes its activity [45]. Similarly, truncation of a domain with a glutamine rich region in SEU (SEUSS) can cause severe developmental defects [46]. Nonetheless, the functions of most of these 18 AARs and even the functions of their host genes remain to be surveyed (Table S5).
Table 2. Putative functions for conserved long AARs in Arabidopsis
Angiosperm AARs tend to be structurally disordered and regulated at the transcript level
One explanation for the rapid evolution of AARs is that AARs tend to be disordered and thus lack structural constraints during evolution [50], an idea recently stressed by Simon and Hancock [8]. Indeed, disorder-promoting residues [51] such as serine, alanine, glutamine, glycine and proline are overrepresented in angiosperm AARs in comparison with the entire set of orthologs (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.01; Figure 2). To test whether angiosperm AARs tend to be fully disordered (i.e., embedded in disordered regions), we used PONDR® VSL2B [52] and IUPred [53] to predict disordered regions in our set of orthologs. These two software packages take advantage of distinct features and strategies to predict ordered/disordered status for each residue. PONDR® VSL2B and IUPRED disagree about the absolute fraction of fully disordered AARs (Table 3). In an independent benchmarking test with default cutoffs [54], IUPRED achieved 59.5% sensitivity with 95.6% specificity; the sensitivity of VSL2 reached 75.5%, but its specificity was 79.4% (the sensitivity of VSL2B was shown to be approximately 5% lower compared with VSL2 at a similar specificity [52]). Thus, this disagreement reflects the different trade-offs between false positives and false negatives that are inherent to different predictors. We tested whether the tendency of AARs to be fully disordered was significant by counting how many times, in 1000 trials, randomly selected equal length segments in RCPs showed a higher fraction of fully disordered segments. None of the 1000 random trials in any of the 10 species resulted in a higher fraction of fully disordered segments, suggesting that the fraction of fully disordered AARs is indeed significantly high (i.e., p < 0.001).
Table 3. Fraction of fully disordered AARs
The tendency of AARs to be disordered indicates that RCPs may be under extensive regulation in plant cells, to prevent them from inducing dosage-sensitive phenotypes, as protein structural disorder was suggested to be associated with dosage-sensitive phenotypes in model metazoans [55]. The first line of evidence comes from the observation that transcripts encoding RCPs decay more quickly in Arabidopsis, similar to the transcripts of disordered proteins in human [56]. Both within orthologs and at the whole proteome scale, transcripts of RCPs have shorter half-lives than the rest (Welch's t-test, p < 2.2 × 10-16; Figure 3A). A similar result was obtained by comparing RCPs with non-RCPs encoded by GC-rich (GC content not smaller than 0.45) coding sequences (Welch's t-test, p < 2.2 × 10-16). Second, in the whole proteomes of Arabidopsis and rice, the fractions of alternatively spliced genes (i.e., genes with multiple gene models) were higher for RCPs than for non-RCPs (17.7% vs. 15.9% and 12.1% vs. 10.9%, respectively; Fisher exact test, p = 0.021 and 7.4 × 10-3, respectively). Moreover, protein segments encoded by alternatively spliced exons showed significantly higher repeat content than those encoded by constitutively spliced exons (Welch's t-test, p = 1.1 × 10-28 and 5.1 × 10-47 for Arabidopsis and rice, respectively; Table S6 in Additional File 2), which further supports the association between AARs and alternative splicing that has been proposed by Haerty and Golding based on their observations in metazoans [57]. For Arabidopsis orthologous RCPs and rice orthologous RCPs, a higher average RRPK of protein segments encoded by alternatively spliced exons was also observed (Welch's t-test, p = 7.6 × 10-6 and 4.6 × 10-11, respectively; Table S7 in Additional File 2), while we found no higher fraction of RCPs to be alternatively spliced genes in comparison with non-RCPs (23.2% vs. 24.3% and 31.3% vs.37.7%, respectively; Fisher exact test, p = 0.31 and 7.7 × 10-3, respectively). A third regulatory process proposed here is tissue-specific expression, as measured by the tissue specificity index (see Materials and Methods), may be another complementary regulatory process. Orthologous RCPs from both Arabidopsis and rice had a relatively higher tissue specificity index than non-RCPs (Welch's t-test, p = 2.0 × 10-4 and 1.4 × 10-15, respectively). If only genes with a single model were considered, the difference seemed to be limited but could still be observed (Welch's t-test, p = 1.5 × 10-2 and 5.9 × 10-11, respectively), indicating that tissue-specific expression may partially complement alternative splicing in the regulation of RCPs.
Figure 3. Regulation of RCPs at the transcript level. (A) Comparison of mRNA half lives of RCPs (green boxes) and non-RCPs (yellow boxes) in Arabidopsis. Large outliers (> 50 h) were not shown. (B) Comparison of the tissue specificity index of RCPs with a single gene model (green boxes) and non-RCPs with a single gene model (yellow boxes) in Arabidopsis and rice orthologs.
Angiosperm proteins are enriched in AARs whose content is positively correlated with the GC content in the coding sequences. It has also been suggested that the correlation between AAR content and GC content is influenced by residue composition of AARs as well as life-history traits. Similarly to AARs in many sequenced eukaryotic species, angiosperm AARs evolve rapidly and tend to be disordered. Although AARs are usually not well conserved, we identified 18 conserved long AARs for further detailed analysis. As potentially promiscuous molecules, RCPs are under at least three putative transcript-level regulatory controls in plant cells, including faster transcript decay, alternative splicing and tissue specificity of gene expression.
Collection of sequences
Sequences of A. thaliana (Version 9) and O. sativa (Version 6.1) were downloaded from TAIR [58] and RGAP [31], respectively. All of the other plant sequences were downloaded from the Phytozome 6.0 database [59]. The sources of the non-plant genome sequences are summarized in Tables S1 and S2 in Additional File 1. For genes with multiple protein products (gene models), only the representative one (if available) or the longest one was retained.
To search for 1-to-1 orthologs between species within certain taxonomic groups, InParanoid 4.1, one of algorithms with the lowest false-positive rates [60], was initially employed to identify pair-wise orthologs between the reference proteomes (A. thaliana for plant species, N. crassa for fungus species and Drosophila melanogaster for insects, excluding proteins encoded by the mitochondrial/chloroplast genomes) and the proteomes of the other species, with a score cutoff of 40. Sets of 1-to-1 orthologs found in all of the species within each group were obtained by collecting the intersection of the ortholog pairs.
AAR identification, GC content calculation and statistical tests
We used in-house PERL scripts to collect data on the length, composition and position of AARs in protein sequences and to calculate the GC content. All statistical tests were implemented in R 2.12.1 [61].
Recombination hotspots
We deduced the recombination hotspot at the Arabidopsis genome from SNP data described in [41]. Informative SNP markers in a chromosome were selected by the TAGGER application in HaploView 4.1 [62] with "-maxDistance 20 -aggressiveTagging -tagrsqcutoff 0.8" options, excluding SNPs identified as "N" in more than three out of 20 Arabidopsis accessions. Mainly due to the greedy marker selection approach of TAGGER along the whole chromosomes, the total number of informative SNP markers selected here is 60, 904. The hotspots were searched in 40-marker-long sliding windows by PHASE 2.1.1 [63], with "-MR1 1 -X10" options. These windows moved 20 markers per step. Windows that were longer than 100 kb were discarded. A hotspot was defined as a two-marker interval with a Bayes Factor that was higher than 10 in comparison with the background recombination rate [41]. Positions of the hotspot were compared with the position of genes in the Version 8 genome to collect genes that overlap with recombination hotspots. We called these genes putative hotspot neighboring genes (gene IDs were transferred to Version 9 for obsolete loci). We do not use Version 9 genomes here because approximately half of the markers fail to map to this version of genome [58].
dN/dS calculation
The alignment of orthologous coding sequences was guided by a multi-protein sequence alignment that was generated by MAFFT 6.849 [64]. A flanking region was defined as 33 amino acids on both sides of an AAR; this region was truncated if the end of a protein was reached or if there was an adjacent AAR closer within 33 amino acids. PAML 4.3 yn00 tool [65] was used to calculate the dN/dS ratio with default parameters.
Disordered region prediction
PONDR® VSL2B [52] and IUPred [53] were used for predictions of disorder, with default parameters. We did not use PONDR® VSL2 because of limitations in computational capability. We used default thresholds (0.5) to predict disordered residues for both predictors.
Probing transcript level regulation features of RCPs
AtGenExpress [66] data (Accession: GSE5630, GSE5631, GSE5632, GSE5633 and GSE5634) were downloaded from the GEO database [67]. Data not derived from the Columbia-0 ecotype were discarded. A developmental time series of rice transcriptome data [68] (Accession: GSE13988, GSE14298, GSE14299 and GSE14300) was also downloaded from GEO [67]. Probes were mapped to loci in Arabidopsis and rice according to the mapping files that were provided by TAIR [58] and the Rice Array Database [69], respectively. All of the expression values that were presented above background (labeled as "Presence") were used and log-transformed. The expression values were normalized by subtracting the average expression value of a tissue and then adding the average expression value of the whole dataset. The tissue specificity index [70,71] was calculated as follows:
where xi is the expression value in the ith tissue, xmax is the highest expression value among all of the tissues and N is the total number of tissues. For loci with multiple probes, the average tissue specificity index was used.
To calculate the RRPK of the protein segments that were encoded by different types of exons, the protein sequences of RCPs were mapped to their exon sequences using our in-house PERL scripts. Only exons that encode proteins were retained for calculation. The mRNA half-life for each probe was obtained from [72]. For loci with multiple probes, the average mRNA half-life was used.
AAR: (Tandem) Amino Acid Repeat; RCP: Repeat Containing Protein; RRPK: Repeated Residues per One Kilo Amino Acids; SNP: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism.
Authors' contributions
ZZ, JL and YZ conceived the study. JL and YZ performed most of the analyses. LH and ZGL helped perform the disorder prediction and the dN/dS calculation, respectively. YZ drafted the manuscript. ZZ supervised the study and revised the manuscript. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors acknowledge the generosity of those who released genome data that were used in this study. We thank the anonymous referees whose constructive comments were helpful in improving the quality of this work. We are also grateful to Dr. Zhi-Ping Feng at Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Australia), Dr. Deng-Ke Niu at Beijing Normal University, and Dr. Fei He and Xiao-Bao Dong at China Agricultural University for helpful discussions. InParanoid and IUPred were kindly provided by Dr. Gabriel Östlund at Stockholm University and Dr. Zsuzsanna Dosztányi at Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, respectively. Jing Liu wishes to thank Dr. Stephen Ficklin at Washington State University for his help in downloading data. This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070259 and 30830058) and Innovation Fund for Graduate Student of China Agricultural University (KYCX2011026).
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text: A possible repeat of this 2010 event has prompted alerts in Iceland where a sub-glacial volcanic eruption has begun. (AP Photo/ APTN) [ Subglacial volcanic eruption in Iceland triggers aviation warning By Associated Press August 23, 2014 REYKJAVIK, Iceland (AP) -- Iceland raised its aviation alert to red Saturday as a subglacial eruption began at the restless Bardarbunga volcano, which has been rattled by thousands of earthquakes in the past week, the country's Meteorological Office said. Read More|Comment Category: Nation & World, News Tags: aviation, natural disasters Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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English Schools in Iran
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Results for dsps
UI Fatigue: The Need to Centralize Programmatic Access
RTB Insider, Brian Nadres - Friday, March 27, 2015
Media buyers are more equipped than ever to handle programmatic media. The ...
Post-Beaconing Begins; Location Info Captured Now, Used Later
MobileShopTalk, Chuck Martin - Tuesday, November 11, 2014
Welcome to the world of post-beaconing. For many months, beacons have been ...
Dear RTB - Publishers Are Waking Up To The Value Of Their Data
London Blog, Sean Hargrave - Friday, October 17, 2014
If content truly is king, then publishers hold the aces. The big ...
How to Keep Your DSP Honest
RTB Insider, Charles Cantu - Monday, August 25, 2014
Using a demand-side platform is a great way to buy ad impressions ...
Brand Safety Tips For 'Wild West' Of Multiplatform, Internet-Distributed T/V
Video Insider, John R. Osborn - Wednesday, July 23, 2014
MediaPost's Wayne Friedman quantifies the early shifting of budgets to online video ...
The Bean Counters Are Watching: Programmatic About To Get Scrutinized
Data and Targeting Insider, Steve Smith - Tuesday, June 17, 2014
Programmatic platforms are no longer attracting just chump change. As the investment ...
Local Brands Adopting Programmatic, Financial Sector Spends Big In Q1
Real-Time Daily, Tyler Loechner - Wednesday, May 21, 2014
Local brands are rapidly making use of programmatic ad buying and have ...
The Definition Of Insanity -- Or, Manual Practices In The Agency Business
Online Spin, Cory Treffiletti - Wednesday, March 12, 2014
Albert Einstein once said the definition of insanity is "doing the same ...
Early Predictions For 2014
Truth In Advertising, Jon Bond - Monday, November 25, 2013
It will be a Happy New Year for the disintermediators of agencies, ...
DSPs Reap The Benefits Of No Google On FBX
Around the Net in Real-Time, Tyler Loechner - Monday, October 14, 2013
Advertising Age this morning wrote that Facebook's decision to not invite Google ...
LiquidM Raises $5 Million
Real-Time Daily, Mark Walsh - Thursday, October 10, 2013
Startup LiquidM on Thursday announced the public launch of its white-label mobile ...
DSP The Trade Desk Opens Office In Ripe German Market
Real-Time Daily, Tyler Loechner - Tuesday, August 13, 2013
The Trade Desk, a real-time bidding (RTB) demand-side platform (DSP), has opened ...
SiteScout Expands DSP For SMBs To Mobile
Mobile Marketing Daily, Steve Smith - Thursday, November 15, 2012
A Web DSP platform aimed at small and medium-sized businesses, agencies and ...
Google Shifts Data Focus From Retargeting To Remarketing, Targets 3rd-Party Data
Online Media Daily, Laurie Sullivan - Friday, July 27, 2012
Ad agencies need quality third-party data to mix with their clients' data ...
MediaMath, DMA Push To Institutionalize Digital Marketing, Create Institute To Do It
Online Media Daily, Joe Mandese - Friday, June 1, 2012
To all but the most plugged-in industry insiders, the rapid proliferation of ...
Demystifying Agency Trading Desks: Power's In Analytics & Integration, Not Pork Bellies
Online Spin, Dave Morgan - Thursday, April 5, 2012
Last week at the 4A's "Transformation LA 2012" conference, I moderated a ...
PubMatic Taps Harris As First CMO
Online Media Daily, Joe Mandese - Monday, March 26, 2012
Larry Harris has joined PubMatic as its first CMO. He joins from ...
Simpli.fi Adds Keyword Contextual Targeting To DSP Platform
SearchBlog, Laurie Sullivan - Tuesday, February 28, 2012
Familiarity breeds use -- especially when it comes to technology. Apple did ...
Open X Acquires LiftDNA To Streamline Ad Serving
Online Media Daily, Laurie Sullivan - Monday, February 27, 2012
OpenX Technologies, which supports ad exchange and ad serving, said Monday it ...
Adometry Seeks To Move Beyond Lookalike Targeting, Integrates Attribution
Online Media Daily, Laurie Sullivan - Friday, January 20, 2012
Marketers understand that having the tools to analyze clicks and conversions across ...
How Publishers Can Maximize Value In An RTB World
Online Media Daily, Andrew Casale - Tuesday, January 17, 2012
The introduction of real-time bidding (RTB) has dramatically changed the mechanics behind ...
[x+1] Taps Massey As COO, Reunites With Nardone
Raw, Joe Mandese - Thursday, January 12, 2012
Veteran Madison Avenue finance chief Peter Massey has joined [x+1] as president-COO, ...
DataXu Thinks Global, Acts Hyper-Local: Acquires Europe's Mexad
Online Media Daily, Joe Mandese - Monday, January 9, 2012
In a move it says gives it the biggest global footprint of ...
[x+1] Finds Way Around Third-Party Cookie Rejection
Online Media Daily, Laurie Sullivan - Friday, January 6, 2012
Digital marketing platform provider [x+1] released updates to its digital marketing hub ...
Admeld, AppNexus Rank As Supply-Side 'Leaders,' Right Media Faces 'Uncertain Future'
Online Media Daily, Joe Mandese - Wednesday, January 4, 2012
Google's Admeld unit and AppNexus ranked as the "leaders" in the so-called ...
Study: MediaMath, Turn Top DSP Vendors
Online Media Daily, Gavin O'Malley - Wednesday, December 14, 2011
Based on Forrester's 48-criteria evaluation, MediaMath, Turn, and DataXu led all DSP ...
Is Search Engine Marketing Dead? Will Agencies Become The New DSP?
SearchBlog, Laurie Sullivan - Monday, December 12, 2011
Search data will integrate with a variety of media channels, changing the ...
a grim picture for DSPs
Show Daily, Erik Sass - Saturday, December 10, 2011
David Rodnitzky, CEO of PPC Associates painted a rather grim picture for ...
DSPs becoming agencies?
Show Daily, Erik Sass - Saturday, December 10, 2011
Jonah Spegman, director of digital media marketing for Scripps Networks, predicted that ...
The PBS OF DSPs: Public Broadcasting Launches 'Accelerator'
Online Media Daily, Joe Mandese - Thursday, December 8, 2011
Public broadcasting is taking a page from Madison Avenue and another from ...
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text:
Texas Officials Receive Loan to Aid Wastewater Management
EPA provides $194,000 loan to ensure wastewater treatment complies with governmental regulations
Residents in Goliad, Texas, can now be sure that the city's wastewater is treated in compliance with federal and state laws. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency awarded officials $194,000 to upgrade and elevate the primary sewer line to provide necessary infrastructure funding that enhances the safety of the wastewater treatment plant.
Wastewater management encompasses a broad range of efforts that promote effective and responsible water use, treatment and disposal. Under the Clean Water Act, EPA officials oversee regulatory and voluntary programs that help manage the nation's wastewater.
More like this
- EPA Awards $194,000 Grant to East Prairie, Mo., for Water Infrastructure
- EPA to Fund Pollution Prevention Projects in New Jersey and New York
- Funds for Virginia Water Quality Improvements Total $252 Million
- Agriculture Secretary Announces Ohio Wastewater Project
- Missouri Officials Receive $1.3 Million for Wastewater Improvements


text:
Browse our collection of frequently asked cooking questions for advice on preparing chicken and turkey.
How do I roast a whole chicken?
For best results, set the bird on a roasting rack over a roasting pan. The chicken will cook more evenly and won't be sitting in its own drippings, which will give you crispier skin. For easier cleanup, line the pan with aluminum foil. See our article on roasting chicken for more info.
How do I cut a whole chicken into smaller parts?
This is a terrific, economical skill to learn! Whole chicken is cheaper than buying pieces, and the leftover parts of a deboned chicken are perfect for soup stocks. Once you've got the hang of it, you can cut up a chicken in no time. To cut up a chicken, follow these simple step-by-step directions.
How can I prevent my chicken from being dry?
Dry and/or tough chicken is most often caused by overcooking. Recipes often give cooking times, but these are really guidelines.
A few things can affect cooking time. For example, thin pieces of meat will cook more quickly than thick. Heat settings can vary from stove to stove. And even the size and shape of the pan can affect the cooking time. The best way to avoid overcooking is to check your chicken regularly as it cooks.
How long can I keep raw or cooked chicken? What are the best storage methods?
Raw chicken should be stored in the coldest part of your refrigerator and used within 2 days. Freeze any chicken that won't be used within 2 days.
Frozen chicken can be stored in the freezer for up to one year without sacrificing quality.
A whole cooked chicken can be kept in the refrigerator for 3 days; cut-up cooked chicken can be stored in the refrigerator for 2 days. Cooked chicken should not be left at room temperature for more than 2 hours.
How do I cook a turkey?
First remove the giblets. Next, rinse the bird inside and out. Pat dry with paper towels. If you are stuffing the bird, stuff loosely, allowing about 1/2 to 3/4 cup per pound of bird. Brush the skin with melted butter or oil. Tuck the drumsticks under the folds of skin or tie together with string. Lastly, insert a meat thermometer into the thickest part of the thigh. The thermometer should point towards the body, and should not touch the bone. Place the bird on a rack in a roasting pan, and into a preheated 350 degree F (175 degrees C) oven. The turkey is ready when the thermometer reads 180 degrees F, about 11-12 minutes per pound. See our article on roasting turkey for more info.
How big should my turkey be?
Count on 1 to 1 1/2 pounds of turkey (bone-in, whole turkey weight) for each guest, depending whether you want plenty of leftovers or just a few. (If you have lots of guests to feed, consider buying two medium-sized turkeys rather than one giant–the cooking time will be shorter.)
How do I thaw my turkey?
The best way to thaw a turkey is in the refrigerator. Allow one day for every five pounds of turkey. A quicker way is to thaw the turkey in a cold water bath. This will take about 30 minutes per pound. The water should be running, or changed frequently to prevent freezing. You may also use a combination of these methods. Never thaw a turkey at room temperature.
Can I roast my turkey the day before Thanksgiving, and reheat it?
No. Partially roasting a turkey the day before to save on cooking time the next day creates the perfect environment for bacterial growth. That said, you can carve the fully cooked bird and layer the meat in a baking dish for re-heating. Seal the baking dish with foil to reduce moisture loss. Since breast meat has a greater tendency to dry out, place it on the bottom of the dish and cover it with gravy if you like, or perhaps a small amount of turkey stock.
What is the best way to store cooked turkey meat?
As mentioned above, layer the meat in a baking dish and seal it with foil to reduce moisture loss. Since breast meat has a greater tendency to dry out, place it on the bottom of the dish and cover it with gravy if you like, or perhaps a small amount of turkey stock. Cooked turkey will last 3 to 4 days in the refrigerator.
You can also freeze turkey. Sealed in an airtight plastic wrapping or freezer bag, turkey can be frozen for up to four months. Freezing turkey with gravy will help it retain moisture better.
Thaw frozen turkey overnight in the refrigerator, or use the defrost setting on your microwave. When thawing foods in the microwave, they should be cooked immediately afterwards. When re-heating turkey meat, be sure to heat it to an internal temperature of 165 degrees F (70 degrees C).
How do I deep fry a turkey?
Deep-frying a whole turkey is messy and presents some hazards. So it's always done outdoors. There is some special equipment you need in order to take on this project, and we recommend that you don't attempt this without the right tools. You will need a heavy-duty portable propane burner and a very large stockpot (26 to 40 quart capacity) or a custom-made turkey-frying pot to begin with.
How do I smoke a turkey?
Smoking a turkey is easy provided you have the right equipment. The right equipment, in this case, is a smoker. Smokers allow you to carefully regulate the temperature, which is vital when cooking a large beast over a long period of time. It's possible to smoke a turkey using a charcoal grill, but only if you're prepared to get comfortable next to the barbeque and watch it constantly for the better part of a day.


text:
"Arming more clinicians with HPV testing that has HPV-16 and HPV-18 genotyping will bring us one step closer to eradicating cervical cancer," said Paul Brown, Head of Roche Molecular Systems. "Results of the ATHENA study underscore the potential for a state-of-the-art diagnostic test to specifically identify women at highest risk for cervical disease."
About the Roche ATHENA Clinical Trial
The Roche ATHENA study for the cobas HPV Test is the largest U.S.-based registration study for cervical cancer screening, including more than 47,000 women. The study is designed to answer current medical and scientific questions about the importance of testing for high-risk HPV genotypes in cervical cancer screening and to provide clinical information about the specific HPV genotypes that place women at highest risk for developing cervical cancer. Results show the cobas HPV Test is comparable to the current standard of testing. Results also demonstrated that 1 in 10 women, age 30-years and older, who tested positive for HPV - 16 and/or 18 by the cobas HPV Test had cervical pre-cancer, although their Pap test was normal.
About the cobas HPV Test
As demonstrated in the ATHENA trial, Roche's cobas HPV Test is the only HPV test under investigation in the U.S. that simultaneously detects 12 high-risk HPV types (HPV types 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68) as a pooled result, as well as HPV genotypes 16 and 18 individually. Roche launched the cobas HPV Test in countries that accept CE Mark in 2009. The test is currently under review and pending Pre-Market Approval (PMA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The test is not currently available in the United States.
About Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer
Persistent infection with human p
|SOURCE Roche Diagnostics
Copyright©2010 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


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"When this type of loss touches your immediate family, it gives you a whole different perspective," said Mike Jamali. "When Eric died, it helped us understand there's such a need for compassion and creativity in this industry, and it gave us a sense of urgency," he continued.
"Part of the healing process occurs by having a vessel that, each time you look at it, makes you smile and conjures up happy memories of that deceased person. We learned this through our own experience," said Melody Jamali. "We knew that other families out there were looking for what we wanted -- something that captures the essence of the deceased person that can be proudly displayed as a work of art."
Une Belle Vie Memorial Urns selects local and national artists to create one-of-a-kind, decorative urns in various mediums including glass, ceramic, metal, wood, stone and even leather. Custom urns can include unconventional materials such as vintage motorcycle parts and other items that best reflect the loved one they represent. Prices range from $100 to $3,500.
Une Belle Vie Memorial Urns is seeking gifted, local artists with the ability to create inspirational pieces that can be used as memorial urns. Interested artists can visit http://www.beautifullifeurns.com for more information on becoming a memorial artist.
Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2010/03/prweb3688534.htm.
|Source: PRWeb
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Koralia Magnum # 6 Powerhead is manufactured by Hydor. It comes with a suction cup & magnet support to connect with the special sphere shaped free-flow water attachment that works at a flow rate of 2200 gph. The specially covered magnet is protected against corrosion and can safely hold the Koralias in all types of glass or acrylic tanks upto 20 mm thick.