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Breast cancer-preventive behaviors are critical for community and women's health. Although many studies have addressed women's knowledge and attitudes toward breast cancer, little information is available about their experiences of breast cancer preventive behaviors. This study aimed to explore the experiences of Iranian women regarding preventive behaviors.
This was a qualitative study. A sample of Iranian women aged 30 years and over was selected purposefully. Data collected through focus group and semi-structured audiotaped interviews and were analyzed by conventional content analysis.
The following five main themes emerged from the analysis: attitude toward breast cancer and preventive behaviors, stress management, healthy lifestyle, perceived social support and individual/environmental barriers. The findings showed that women were highly motivated to preventive behaviors of breast cancer but faced considerable challenges.
The findings indicated that increased awareness, positive attitudes, stronger motivational factors, and fewer barriers toward preventive behaviors are most important parameters that might encourage women to practice breast cancer-preventive behaviors.
Keywords:Preventive behaviors; Breast cancer; Iranian women; Qualitative study
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and is the leading cause of female deaths due to cancer [1]. In Iran, breast cancer is amongst the five most common cancers and ranks first among cancers diagnosed in women. Studies from Iran suggest that breast cancer affects Iranian women at least one decade younger than women in developed countries, with the mean age ranging from 47.1 to 48.8 years [2]. Although the incidence of breast cancer in Iran is still relatively low (about 23 per 100,000), the number of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer is increasing [3].
There are several risk factors for breast cancer and are numerous, but some life style and behavioral factors may have an important role on increased risk for developing breast cancer including dietary habits [4,5], low physical activity [6,7], smoking [8], alcohol consumption [9,4] and experiencing high level of stress [10]. These lifestyle factors are not only important risk factors for developing breast cancer, but also impact health outcomes and quality of life. Thus it is argued that the most beneficial and effective means of reducing breast cancer burden, and mortality is prevention and early detection [11].
It has been suggested that the appropriate method for breast cancer prevention and early detection is performing preventive behaviors and these might include lifestyle modification and screening behaviors (mammography, clinical breast examination and breast self-examination).
Lifestyle modification can help to reduce risk of breast cancer to a large scale [1]. Previous studies demonstrated that lifestyle interventions such as changing dietary habits [12,13], performing adequate physical activity [14-18], quiet smoking and reducing alcohol drinking [19,20] may prevent breast cancer and decrease the risk. Also, Magné et al. stated that there are positive relationship between breast cancer prevention and healthy lifestyle since for instance physical activity can prevent excessive weight gain and thus reduce risk of breast cancer [21].
Screening behaviors including mammography, clinical breast examination and breast self-examination are also considered to be effective for early detection and reduced mortality due to breast cancer [22-24], although guidelines for performing these modalities are not consistent and varies in different parts of the world [1,25,26]. The observed differences in guidelines some times are due to scarce resources and in some instances are due to socio-cultural factors. For instance while in the USA mammography is routinely offered for every healthy woman above age 40 [23,27], in some poor resource countries there is no possibility of providing such services for women. Evidence for socio-cultural differences in adherent to breast cancer screening programs is also well documented [28-30]. For example, studies found that aboriginal women with different cultural backgrounds living in developed countries attend for regular mammography less than native women [31], or in some countries women hold the believe that if one examines her breast she might develop breast cancer [32,33].
At present there is no a national population-based screening mammography program in Iran, although it is estimated that there are about 200 diagnostic mammography centers in the country (personal communication). If women complain about her breasts usually physicians may ask women to come back with a diagnostic mammogram. The data for diagnostic mammography in Iran varies from 1.3% to 30% [34,35]. Unfortunately the statistics for clinical breast examination does not exist, but it has been estimated that at best 10% of Iranian women living in urban areas might attend for annual clinical breast care [36].
To this end one might conclude that lifestyle modifications and screening behaviors are important issues in breast cancer prevention programs. However, it is important to consider that none of the behaviors discussed could be regarded as the best behavior for breast cancer prevention. Thus, this study aimed to explore Iranian women's experiences of breast cancer- preventive behaviors, and provide more insight on the topic. It was hoped this piece of work could contribute to the existing literature from a country where lifestyle modification interventions and screening programs are lacking and women live in a cross road of tradition, culture, religion and modernity.
Design and participants
This was a qualitative study. Participants for this study were recruited from a health care center affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In order to gain a different perspective we used purposive sampling method to insure that women with varying levels of socioeconomic status, educational level, age, occupation and marital status are present in the study. In addition a team of experts were asked to participate in the study and comment on the topic.
Data collection
The data were collected using two approaches: focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with laywomen.
i. Focus group discussions
We conducted two focus group discussions each comprising of eight women in order to explore the issue. Sessions were held in locations that were convenient and accessible for participants. Each session lasted for three and half hours.
ii. Semi structured interviews
Following focus group discussions, in order to get deeper information, 16 semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with laywomen. At the beginning of each interview, the women were asked about demographic characteristics. The interviewer followed a guide designed to encourage women to explore and discuss their knowledge, perception and action about breast cancer. We also asked about social, cultural and environmental factors that might have influenced their behaviors. Then, focusing on each of the expressed behaviors, we asked some questions such as 'What do you do to prevent breast cancer?' What are behaviors that might prevent breast cancer? What factors are associated with behaviors that might prevent breast cancer? How do you practice preventive behaviors? Following each interviews women were asked to explain more about what they have said. For instance they were asked 'What do you mean?' 'Explain more' in order to have deeper understanding of experiences of women. The interviews were carried out at participants' home or at a public place convenient for the respondent. Each interviews lasted for approximately 1.5–2 hours.
Data analysis
A content analysis with a conventional approach was carried out to analyze the data and to identify key themes as well as comparing trends and patterns occurred across the various groups. As such the main investigator read the interviews several times and discussed the best approach about coding. During the period of analysis, researcher continually checked similarities and differences in the data and manuscripts, and selected main concepts and formed analytical categories by using comparison of each part of data with other data. We imported the transcripts into the MAXQDA software version 10.
The ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences approved the study and all participants completed informed written consent.
In all 24 women aged 30 and over without breast cancer took part in the study. The characteristics of the participants are reported in Table 1. Overall five major themes emerged from the analysis: attitude toward breast cancer and preventive behaviors, stress management, healthy lifestyle, perceived social support and individual and environmental barriers. More information on themes and categories are presented in Table 2. However, in the following section we reflect women's experiences on major themes.
Table 1. Socio demographic characteristics of participants (n = 24)
Table 2. Main themes and categories
Attitudes toward breast cancer and preventive behaviors
One of the elicited themes in the present study was attitudes toward breast cancer and preventive behaviors including three different categories namely beliefs, fears and worries, and individual responsibility. Women also expressed different views about breast cancer.
Most participants linked breast cancer to death. Some women believed that even talking about breast cancer might put one at risk of getting breast cancer:
'I don't even want to talk about breast cancer… talking about breast cancer brings bad luck....' (Participant 14)
Many participants described the negative effects of breast cancer on women's physical appearance. Some believed that breast cancer is equal to loss of femininity. A woman said:
'I hate to hear the word breast cancer. In my view, for a woman, breast cancer is the loss of identity and charm of feminine. I think after that, woman feels unattractive. It is equal with death. It is the end of good life. I am very scared of cancer' (Participant 2)
A woman indicated that leaving without breasts is meaningless. She said:
'I know the breasts are very important to woman. Because of their maternal role, they need to breastfeed their babies. Also women with breast look beautiful. A woman is never complete and beautiful without breast. I would prefer to die than to live without my breasts' (Participant 7).
There were mixed beliefs linked with abilities of women about breast cancer-preventive behaviors including healthy lifestyle and screening behaviors: A woman said:
'I think if women care for themselves, they must be pay attention to their own breast health by healthy lifestyle, breast check-up and screening'. (Participant 4)
In contrast a woman stated: 'I do not go for mammography; I really scare in case it will become breast cancer, I have these things in my mind'. (Participant 9)
The majority of women expressed fears and worries over their future life. They believed that breast cancer has some social implications such as divorce. They were also worried about their children's fate. A participant explained that:
'I think developing breast cancer might lead to divorce. It might be the end of a married life' (Participant.11) or it was said that:
'The most important thing is my children's future and happiness. I said to myself I should stay healthy for my children'. (Participant 6)
Desire to perform preventive behaviors is an important step for prevention of this disease influenced by several factors, including individual responsibility, ability to deal with negative elements of life, effort to maintain normal life, and deal with health barriers. The majority of participants believed that they were able to do preventive behaviors such as regular breast examinations. One participant mentioned that:
'Everyone has an important role in own health. If I am not responsible to my health, others cannot help me. I am aware of my abilities. I always try to deal with the negative factors affected my health especially, about an awful disease like breast cancer.' (Participant.7)
Another participant said:
'I think for better and healthier future. I will do everything that has a positive effect on my physical and mental health such as healthy diet, regular exercise and breast exam. Because I love myself, and my health is important to me. I am responsible for my health.' (Participant.4)
In summary we found that beliefs, fears and worries, and personal responsibility were the most important components of women's attitudes toward breast cancer.
Stress management
Since many women believed that stress could cause breast cancer, thus they used different techniques including relaxation, positive thinking and prayer to control their stress and in fact fight against breast cancer. According to one participant:
'Yuga helps me to become relax and calm. I believe this makes me strong enough to fight breast cancer' (Participant.1)
Another woman said: 'I go to meditation classes once a week, because it makes me relaxed and will prevent me from getting breast cancer' (Participant.4)
Women also expressed other ways to manage their stress to safe guard themselves against breast cancer. For instance the use of prayer was evident in women's sayings. For many participants, believe in God and prayer, played an important role to prevent cancer. A participant pointed out
'I believe that prayer is a source of comfort and composure. Praying and trusting in God get me a peace of mind to care my health. I think it helps me in a spiritual sense and in making me more positive. I believe that healing can be received from God.' (Participant. 4)
A positive thinking was believed to be helpful to the final outcome of the breast cancer prevention as expressed by a woman:
'It's very important to have a balance between physical, spiritual, and mental health. This involves working out, eating, believing spirituality, setting life goals, etc.' (Participant.7)
Healthy lifestyle
The majority of participants agreed that breast cancer could be prevented by a healthy lifestyle including having healthy diets, doing sufficient exercise, and attending breast check up. Some women made improvements in dietary fat reduction. One of the women mentioned:
'I think the best way against breast cancer is healthy lifestyle. I eat healthy foods such as milk, vegetables, low fat, and fruits in my diet. Also, I exercise at least for one hour two or three times weekly'. (Participant. 3)
Another woman said: 'I really changed my eating habits and tried to use low-fat foods…' (Participant. 9)
Some participants put more value on their health and paid more attention to their self-care in order to gain a perfect life. To have clinical breast checkup pointed out by some women:
'I went to the doctor for a breast exam. I was so happy, and I forgot all of my worries when the doctor reassured me about my breast health.' (Participant. 6)
Other participant said:
'If I feel something is wrong with my breasts I just go to the doctor, I don't hesitate going to see a doctor at all even a male doctor'. (Participant. 11)
Most women mentioned they want living life to the full, thus they care about their breasts. One participant stated:
'I realized that I have so many reasons to be healthy and live longer. I care about my breasts so that could enjoy my life.' (Participant. 1)
Perceived social support
Both financial and emotional aspects of social support were perceived as fundamental elements of the preventive process for women. Although many participants acknowledged fear and doubts upon hearing the word breast cancer and screening, social support from family and friends served as a source of motivation, enhanced confidence, lessened fears or having someone to encourage them for performing preventive behaviors. One woman said:
"We're a happy family. When I go for doing mammography, my husband supports me continuously. He encourages me to do it. He tells: I don't like that you lose your life due to the breast cancer, I would like to see you safe and healthy." (Participant.9)
A few women stated that they received emotional support from friends. They could share their experiences about mammography and BSE. These women felt encouragement for performing preventive behaviors by friends. Peers also provided a means of receiving valuable information regarding breast cancer prevention that they said they did not receive from physicians. A woman pointed out:
'I'm willing to do mammography because many of my friends do regularly and they encourage me to do so. Encouragments by friends is very worthwhile…' (Participant.5)
Also, media (television, films, magazines, and Internet) could positively affect on encouraging women for performing preventive behaviors. It is important to be aware of how women may interact with or be exposed to these types of media. Our understanding of these and our knowledge of where to go for help may prevent a breast cancer. Media can also be used to increase awareness and provide information on breast cancer prevention programs. One woman said that:
'I feel more courage getting mammography after watching TV about woman suffering from breast cancer. I know that the mammography is necessary for early detection and prevention of breast cancer'. (Participant.8)
Another participant said:
'I read an article about proper diet and exercise in Internet that is effective for breast cancer prevention. So, I regularly use vegetable, fruit and low-fat diet. That's what I have been doing' (Participant.10)
Having health care insurance, and good financial position are some of the effective factors which can encourage women to follow healthy behaviors and also can give them peace of mind. One woman said that
'They can offer mammography for free in the government clinics, right?' (Participant.16)
"I saw some women that they didn't receive mammography due to poor financial position and lack of health care insurance. But I did it on time. It is very awful to lose my breasts because of money." (Participant.9)
Individual and environmental barriers
Participants demonstrated that there were many barriers to achieve effective prevention of breast cancer and performing preventive behaviors. These ranged from educational and behavioral aspects to cultural and economic concerns including lack of knowledge and skill, misinformation, doubts, fears, shame, bad experiences and ignorance about risks. Many women reported that they were reluctant to visit doctor, and that were hesitant, or even delayed mammography, because they embarrassed to be examined by a male physicians. They preferred female physicians for breast exams. Although, they was uneasy about breast exams by female physicians. A participant stated that:
'I'm willing to do regular breast self-examination, but I don't know how to do it. I don't like being seen visiting a male physicians. I feel embarrassed when I have to show my breasts in front of someone especially male doctors…' (Participant.2)
One woman said that she would never go for a breast exam because she felt so ashamed the last time she went.
'I had a breast exam about 3 years ago. When he was doing the breast exam, I felt really ashamed. He did not talk anything when he was doing the breast exams. After the exams, he said that everything is fine. I really do not want to go through the exams (like that) again' (Participant.4)
One woman mentioned that she didn't breast exam due to the lack of knowledge about it.
'I think, there's really not enough information out there. My doctor said that you are the second case during thirty years of my medical practice that seeks clinical breast examination'. (Participant.11)
A few women said that they did not get screening for breast cancer because they believed that it was carcinogenic, and others felt that they were not scared about breast cancer them because they did not have any symptoms or any family history of breast cancer. They had little risk of developing breast cancer. They thought that breast cancer would happen only in older women or those with a family history of breast cancer. A woman said
'I have not done mammography because it is carcinogenic. It seems to me that breast cancer is for old women. I don't think I am likely to get breast cancer. In my family no one has history of breast cancer, so I don't have any risk of breast cancer'. (Participant.15)
A woman considered herself as risk free and said:
'I am not at all at risk of the breast cancer so why I should visit doctor. Nobody in my family has breast cancer. So, I never thought about breast cancer. I don't think that it would happen to me.
I do not want to do it. When I am health, why I make problem for myself. I imagine it is going to hurt me" (Participant.5)
Also, since there is no national screening program for breast cancer in Iran, some women mentioned that this has negative effect on their behaviors. They stated that the government could make annual mammography for free through cooperation with insurance agencies. Some women proposed free mammogram offered by government at a convenient time. A lady with higher education pointed out:
'As far as I know, unfortunately, there is no national screening program of mammography for breast cancer in Iran'. (Participant.1)
Another woman said, "In my opinion, the government and ministry of health in cooperation with insurance companies can help women to cover the charge of periodic mammography. They can offer mammography for free in the government clinics, right?" (Participant.4)
Having financial support had positive psychological effect on participants for attending for annual mammography. In some cases, high cost of mammography was a barrier. One woman mentioned:
"I'm house wife and my husband has not a good job. Our income is not enough. My doctor recommended doing mammography, but I cannot afford it. If we had enough income I could care of my health much better." (Participant.5)
Another participant stated,
"Although I need to have the breast check-up, I cannot do it because my insurance company does not cover the cost of mammography. I think mammography is very expensive' (Participant.11)
This study was designed to explore Iranian women's experiences of breast cancer-preventive behaviors. As a result, several core concepts including attitudes toward breast cancer, preventive behaviors, stress management, healthy lifestyle, perceived social support and individual/environmental barriers emerged. However, one might argue that the analysis did not focus only on preventive behaviors but addressed attitudes, and mammography (which is early detection and screening and prevention). There is evidence that having strong interest and positive attitude to maintain breast health may encourage women for performing preventive action against breast cancer [37]. Thus we believe the emergence of attitude-related concept from the analysis was inevitable.
The findings highlighted that social, cultural and religious attitudes affected breast cancer-preventive behaviors, and there were numerous misconceptions. Many participants stated that they were afraid or scared of the word breast cancer and some believed that even talking about it might cause breast cancer. Similar findings reported by previous studies found that there were lack of knowledge, fear, misconceptions, and fatalistic beliefs among women [38]. The fact that this study's findings showed that Iranian women believed some myths about the causes of breast cancer were linked to lack of knowledge. It seems that providing ccorrect and timely information might help to overcome these misconceptions and worries about breast cancer.
As same as other studies some women had physical/emotional concerns toward breast cancer [39,40]. They believed that breast cancer is equal to losing their femininity. They believed that breasts are symbol of femininity and sexuality. Such perceptions seem similar among women worldwide. Studies from different women populations in Asia, Africa, Europe and America also reported that women are very concerned with their breasts, as they believe breasts shape up their identity [41-45]. Perhaps those who work in primary health care services might use this as reinforcing factor to encourage women to see their doctors when they feel something is wrong with their breasts.
There have been mixed results about stress and breast cancer. As same as previous studies [46-49], our study showed that many women believed that environmental stress were associated with breast cancer, and they used relaxation, positive thinking and spirituality in order to control their stress. Uncertainty regarding risk of stress on breast cancer may be due to the changing nature of breast cancer research. As a result, stress management not only improves women's health but also further enhances breast cancer-preventive behaviors.
Most women noted that healthy lifestyle including having healthy diet, exercise and weight control helped them to fight against breast cancer. We thought these are good indications that highlight the fact that women are becoming more alert about factors that jeopardize their life and that they are prepared to change their habits if health care workers recognize such important potentials for behavior changes among women.
Using different levels of emotional, financial, and informational supports motivated women to do preventive behaviors due to increased self-confidence. Previous literature also showed that encouragement by family members, physicians and friends leads to participation in performing preventive behaviors [50-53]. One might argue that breast cancer-preventive behaviors are a socio-ecological subject that needs appropriate informing and social support to promote and to motivate women regarding effective decisions.
According to our findings, lack of knowledge, doubt, fear, shame, hesitancy, busy lifestyle, and fatalism were some barriers to perform preventive behaviors. Similarly, several studies have shown that women did not follow preventive behaviors due to fear of the results, embarrassment, pain, discomfort, and doubt about the efficacy of mammography, high cost of mammography, lack of health care service, and lack of insurance service [54-56]. As same as previous studies [57,58] our findings shown that women believed that risk was greatly influenced by family history, and since there was no breast cancer among their relatives thus they felt they did not need to have a mammogram.
Limitations include the potential that we studied women living in Tehran (the capital) and thus their views may not adequately reflect the views of women living in other settings. Further qualitative and quantitative investigations are needed to examine the experiences and needs of women from other regions and cultures.
The findings indicated that positive attitudes; individual's ability to control stress, healthy lifestyle, social support, and fewer barriers are most important parameters that might encourage women to perform breast cancer preventive behaviors.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
MK was the main investigator and involved in the study design, data collection, analysis and drafting of the manuscript. AM was involved in the study design, data analysis, and providing the final draft. FM contributed to the idea, study design, data analysis and, drafting of the manuscript. AR was involved in the study design, and data analysis. SN and DS participated in the data analysis and, drafting of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We gratefully acknowledge the very helpful participation of the women, as well as the specialists without whose contribution this study would not have been completed. The findings reported in this article were part of the first author's PhD dissertation which was supported by Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS); Registration Code at Registry Center Clinical Trial of Iran: IRCT201305068742N2.
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J Community Health 2013, 38:560-568. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Kawar LN: Barriers to breast cancer screening participation among Jordanian and Palestinian American women.
Eur J Oncol Nurs 2012, 17:88-94. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Taha H, Al-Qutob R, Nyström L, Wahlström R, Berggren V: "Voices of fear and safety" women's ambivalence towards breast cancer and breast health: a qualitative study from Jordan.
BMC Womens Health 2012, 12:21. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
van Londen GJ, Beckjord EB, Dew MA, Cooper KL, Davidson NE, Bovbjerg DH, Donovan HS, Thurston RC, Morse JQ, Nutt S, Rechis R: Associations between adjuvant endocrine therapy and onset of physical and emotional concerns among breast cancer survivors.
Support Care Cancer 2013.
[Epub ahead of print]
Przezdziecki A, Sherman KA, Baillie A, Taylor A, Foley E, Stalgis-Bilinski K: My changed body: breast cancer, body image, distress and self-compassion.
Psychooncology 2013, 22:1872-1879. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Arroyo JM, López ML: Psychological problems derived from mastectomy: a qualitative study.
Int J Surg Oncol 2011, 2011:132461-132470. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Wang JH, Adams I, Huang E, Ashing-Giwa K, Gomez SL, Allen L: Physical distress and cancer care experiences among Chinese-American and non-Hispanic White breast cancer survivors.
Gynecol Oncol 2012, 124:383-388. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Lewis PE, Sheng M, Rhodes MM, Jackson KE, Schover LR: Psychosocial concerns of young African American breast cancer survivors.
J Psychosoc Oncol 2012, 30:168-184. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Haines RJ, Bottorff JL, Barclay McKeown S, Ptolemy E, Carey J, Sullivan K: Breast cancer messaging for younger women: gender, femininity, and risk.
Qual Health Res 2010, 20:731-742. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Sreeramareddy CT, Shankar PR, Binu VS, Mukhopadhyay C, Ray B, Menezes RG: Psychological morbidity, sources of stress and coping strategies among undergraduate medical students of Nepal.
BMC Med Educ 2007, 7:26. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Baheiraei A, Mirghafourvand M, Mohammadi E, Charandabi SM: The experiences of women of reproductive age regarding health-promoting behaviours: a qualitative study.
BMC Public Health 2012, 12:573. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Antonova L, Aronson K, Mueller CR: Stress and breast cancer: from epidemiology to molecular biology.
Breast Cancer Res 2011, 13:208. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Toleutay U, Reznik V, Kalmatayeva Z, Smigelskas K: Risk factors of breast cancer in Kyzylorda oblast of Kazakhstan: a case–control study.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013, 14:5961-5964. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Juon HS, Kim M, Shankar S: Predictors of adherence to screening mammography among Korean American women.
Prev Med 2004, 39:474-481. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Schonberg MA, McCarthy EP, York M, Davis RB, Marcantonio ER: Factors influencing elderly women's mammography screening decisions: implications for counseling.
BMC Geriatr 2007, 7:26. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Tunin R, Uziely B, Woloski-Wruble AC: First degree relatives of women with breast cancer: who's providing information and support and who'd they prefer.
Psychooncology 2010, 19:423-430. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Chua M, Franzcr M, Mok T: Knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese women on screening mammography and early breast cancer management.
Breast J 2005, 11:52-56. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Taha H, Halabi Y, Berggren V, Jaouni S, Nyström L, Al-Qutob R, Wahlström R: Educational intervention to improve breast health knowledge among women in Jordan.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010, 11:1167-1173. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Othman AK, Kiviniemi MT, Wu YW, Lally RM: Influence of demographic factors, knowledge, and beliefs on Jordanian women's intention to undergo mammography screening.
J Nurs Scholarsh 2012, 44:19-26. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Brown SL, Gibney TM, Tarling R: Busy lifestyles and mammography screening: time pressure and women's reattendance likelihood.
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Antoniou AC, Easton DF: Models of genetic susceptibility to breast cancer.
Oncogene 2006, 25:5898-5905. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Yu ZG, Jia CX, Geng CZ, Tang JH, Zhang J, Liu LY: Risk factors related to female breast cancer in regions of Northeast China: a 1:3 matched case–control population-based study.
Chin Med J 2012, 125:733-740. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Two item-addenda: First, regarding Martena Clinton, whose car was towed during a gala for security reasons and was told by D.C. police they could not relocate it. (Clinton's friend eventually found it the next day—around the corner.) As one reader points out, a detail that was reported by Shankar Vedantam in the Washington Post without comment: Clinton had parked her Lexus in a handicapped spot and "displayed a handicapped tag prominently." It was her husband who suffered a stroke, thereby earning him the tag. Clinton, herself, is not handicapped.
Which means that what Clinton did was in itself illegal. And judging by the hundreds of comments that came pouring in to the Post, this abuse of privilege is equally inexcusable. (The comments section has since been closed.)
No doubt the incompetence Clinton witnessed is something that needs to be addressed. (After all, this could easily happen to any one of us.) But that Clinton took advantage of her husband's handicapped tag only to have her car towed has karma written all over it.
Second, my mention of Lettie Teague's column in the Wall Street Journal about the costliness of wines by the glass (not to mention the harm to quality) has been greeted with "Well, duh." Reader Mark Shepler of Jupiter, Fla., calls it "blindingly obvious" and speaks from experience. During a Miami bartending gig in 1979,
I found out that a bottle of premium liquor, say, Johnnie Walker Black, cost the house maybe $10-$12 at the time. But a fifth of JWB contains a little under 32 shots, if guys like me pour them honestly, which we don't. So figure 28-29 shots in as many mixed or straight drinks at the bar at ... $5.50 or so per drink. The soda or water mixers cost pennies. Charge off the lost shots to promoting tips and employee happiness ... then do the math. Pretty profitable, no?
The same goes for wine, says Shepler. And in some instances worse: At a gentlemen's club, "we poured 'house wine' (cheap stuff by the gallon) no matter what the order from the service bar where the table waiters go to fill their orders. Never got any complaints." Ultimately, "there are only two ways to be sure you're getting what you're paying for: (1) always buy a full, unopened bottle, (2) never, ever order wine by the glass if you cannot see it being poured and assume it's older than stated and resign yourself to live with that."
And still he adds this caveat:
Even seeing your glass poured, if from an already opened bottle, is no assurance of what is actually inside. It is universal, standard practice to "marry" up bottles to reduce the number of opened ones laying about and firm up inventory numbers for the coming day, especially in hotels where the liquor for each outlet is requisitioned from a central storeroom and empties must be returned when ordering replacements.
Shepler may be speaking from experience, but this also seems to have the ring of paranoia to it. Next thing you know, he'll be telling me the bedspreads in hotel rooms aren't regularly washed and that I'd be in for a big surprise if I shined a blacklight on it!


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|51 songs - 0% edited
|by drantle
These are very easy strumming tunes to help the new guitar players get the basics.
|Creedence Clearwater Revival, Eagles, Everly Brothers, Beatles, Toby Keith, Bob Seger, Burton Cummings, Van Morrison, Bryan Adams, Elvis Presley, by Pink Floyd...
|88 songs - 0% edited
|by ChristineHayward
Borrowed from another Brit!
|Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, Don Gibson, ABBA, Neil Diamond, Traditional, , Eagles, Roy Orbison, Everly Brothers, Hank Williams, Misc. Traditional, The Troggs...
|275 songs - 0% edited
|by edloomis
|Elvis Presley, Traditional, Buddy Holly, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Neil Diamond, Eagles, Herman's Hermits, Neil Young, Abba, Billy Joel, Cliff Richard...
|213 songs - 0% edited
|by benrouse
|Elvis Presley, Traditional, Buddy Holly, Herman's Hermits, Neil Diamond, Eagles, Johnny Cash, Hank Williams, Don Gibson, Bobby Darin, Cliff Richard, Paul McCartney, ABBA...
|26 songs - 0% edited
|by thetrainer858
Small but beautifully formed - Simple Chords, no picking cos I've got arthritis in my hands; so a simple strum is all they take. Merry Christmas. :)
|Misc. Christmas and
|strum4Jesus songbook
|99 songs - 0% edited
|by strum4Jesus
|Misc. Gospel, Matt Redman, Traditional, Alison Krauss, Hillsong, Traditional Afro-American Spiritual and Misc. Religious
|8 songs - 0% edited
|by saladdiesbad
heres a songbook full of classics that you will love
|, Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers, Eddie Cochran, Badfinger, Electric Light Orchestra, Traveling Wilburys, Bob Dylan, Paul McCartney and Beatles
|Strummerboy Bill songbook
|9 songs - 0% edited
|by Strummerboy Bill
|Johnny Cash, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Doors, Dire Straits and Roger Miller
|7 songs - 0% edited
|by HMRoberts1966
Songs for autoharp
|Simon & Garfunkel, Gordon Lightfoot, Michael Martin Murphey, Leonard Cohen and Paul Simon
|Strummin it up!
|36 songs - 0% edited
|by cbrake
Just a mix of a few different tunz for everyone. thanks ( the new strummer)LOL
|Metallica, Tom Cochrane, Mr. Big, Roy Orbison, Tragically Hip, Eric Clapton, Counting Crows, Blind Melon, Nickelback, R.E.M, John Mellencamp, John Cougar Mellencamp...
|Strummin with Liz
|21 songs - 5% edited
|by lizlev
|Johnny Cash, Dan Hicks, Ella Fitzgerald, Shawn Colvin, Highwaymen, , Drifters and Patsy Cline
|strumming and pickin
|24 songs - 0% edited
|by ajamm2k7
this whole book prints pretty well--mainly ez songs
|Beatles, U2, Cure, Eric Clapton, Police, Smashing Pumpkins, Simple Minds, Jack Johnson, The Beatles, Felder, Henley & Frey, The Animals, Hootie & The Blowfish, REM...
|Strut Your Pipes
|10 songs - 100% edited
|by James McCormick
Croon & Howl, Snarl & Growl . . fun songs to sing under a full moon! "AaaahOoooohhhhh..."
|Harry Nilsson, Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Johnny Rivers, Janis Joplin, Commander Cody, Bob Seger, Sinead Oconnor, Tom T. Hall and Buck Owens
|Stu Fighters
|4 songs - 0% edited
|by Dmatte
|Rolling Stones, Various Artists, Knack and Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers
|Stu22 songbook #1
|100 songs - 1% edited
|by Stu22
Some of my favourite rock classics....enjoy!
|Neil Young, Bob Marley, Pearl Jam, U2, Eagles, Cold Chisel, Queen, Aerosmith, Led Zeppelin, Proclaimers, Rod Stewart, Who, Band, Richard Ashcroft, Pink Floyd...
|Studdering Lyrics
|5 songs - 0% edited
|by patrickjacques
s..s..s...ongs that test the tounge just for fun
|Who, David Bowie and Bachman Turner Overdrive
|Stuee's Stuff 1
|99 songs - 0% edited
|by h1olby
It really is just a selection of songs that I like. thatts all really. They are good to sing, if you have my kind of almost a voice! LOL
|Eric Clapton, Van Morrison, Thunder, Eagles, Frank Sinatra, Commodores, Simply Red, Peter Frampton, Matchbox 20, Leann Rimes, The Eagles, Jack Johnson, Michael Buble...
|Stuee's Stuff 2
|23 songs - 0% edited
|by h1olby
Just stuff I like. That's all. God bless!
|Phil Collins, Eric Clapton, Celine Dion, David Gray, Jim Croce, Jungle Book, Roy Orbison, Thunder, Mamas and the Papas, Third Day, Casting Crowns, Four Seasons...
|6 songs - 17% edited
|by suomalainenpoika
These r sum reel nys songs so pleez injoy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
|Johnny Cash, U2 and Misc. Traditional
|99 songs - 1% edited
|by apb
some of my favorites from the chili peppers, beatles, tom petty, smashing pumpkins, neil young..
|Beatles, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Tom Petty, America, Right Said Fred, Neil Young and Smashing Pumpkins


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Keith HarrisonAppears on ESPN's "Outside the Lines"
What is the role of a college coach in players' academics? C. Keith Harrison, Ed.D., associate director of the DeVos Sport Business Management program, sat down with ESPN's Bob Ley to talk about this issue.
#UCFBusiness Student Company on Shark TankEpisode Airs Friday, October 2nd
Jesse Wolfe, #UCFBusiness student and founder of O'Dang Hummus, will present his company on ABC's hit entrepreneurial reality show Shark Tank.
CareerfestBusiness Industry Career Panels
Learn from alumni who have been in your shoes! Careerfest, hosted by the UCF College of Business Alumni Chapter, is back on October 9th.
New Business Analytics Master's DegreeProfessional MSM - Business Analytics Track Starting Spring 2016
Application deadline is December 1.


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Crawl Around Downtown-Round Two
Edmonton, AB
About this Event
Additional Information
Hey Everyone! Did you want tickets to our August 28th event but just couldn't get online fast enough? No worries I've got you covered. We will be doing a second Dishcrawl on August 29th!
Just signing on and reading about our event? Here are the details...
Think you know your city's downtown core? Think you know where all the best places are to eat in your city's epicenter? Well maybe you do and that's awesome! But just in case there might be something you missed come along on our Dishcrawl and experience some of the great food that the heart of our awesome city has to offer!
We're keeping the names of the restaurants we'll visit a secret for now, but follow us at @dishcrawlYEG for some hints! To reserve your seats, please register quickly. Tickets tend to sell out.
TO NOTE: The meeting location will be revealed to all ticket-holders 48 hours before the event via email. Vegetarian options are available but we may not be able to accommodate other dietary restrictions. As soon as you purchase your ticket, please contact us at email@example.com and we'll do our best to accommodate you.
We're sorry, but cancellations are only taken if given 48 hours in advance. Thanks for understanding! We dishcrawl rain or shine.
ABOUT DISHCRAWL: Dishcrawling is a new way to discover your food neighborhood. Get to know your neighbors over an exciting culinary adventure. It's delicious and fun! Price of one ticket reservation includes all food for one dishcrawler (drinks not included).
Michelle ,
and 39 others are attending
Crawl Around Downtown-Round Two


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Previous Episode | Next Episode
Kiwi's Big AdventureKiwi's Big Adventure (1989) Season 1 Episode CDRR 1106- Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers Cartoon Episode Guide
This page has been viewed 10 times this month, and 907 times total.
- Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers Cartoon Episode GuideEpisode GuideTelevisionSeriesCartoon
- Walt Disney Television Animation
- Animation Studio: Walt Disney Animation (Japan), Inc.
- Distributed by: Buena Vista Television
- Cartoon Characters: Chip, Dale, Gadget, Monterey Jack, Zipper, Mole, Snout, Kiwi Chief, Monterey Jack, Professor Norton Nimnul, Fat Cat, Sergeant Spinelli, Wart, Stan, Blather, Pepto Gizmo, Officer Kirby, Officer Muldoon, Mepps.
- Voice Actors: Tress MacNeille, Corey Burton, Jim Cummings, Peter Cullen, Will Ryan, Tom Wyner, Rob Paulsen, Carol Channing, Pat Carroll, Ruth Buzzi; Full Voice Cast ...
- Directed By John Kimball, Bob Zamboni, Alan Zaslove.
- Produced By Tad Stones, Alan Zaslove, Maia Mattise.
- Written By Julia J. Roberts.
- First Aired on April 02, 1989.
- Originally Aired on The Disney Channel (USA).
- Running Time: 30 minutes.
- Season: 1
- Color
Cartoon Summary:
The Ranger plane is swiped by a primitive tribe of flightless Kiwis, who worship it in the hope that it will allow them to fly once again.
Cartoon Production Information:
Admit it. You can't say the title without singing:
"Ch-Ch-Ch-Chip n' Dales Rescue Rangers!"Disney's follow-up to Duck Tales was another globetrotting action-adventure series, this time featuring popular characters Chip... (more)
Cartoon Video:
Sorry, we do not have a video of Kiwi's Big Adventure. If you have one, or know of one on Youtube, Vimeo or any other site, Let Us Know
Submit Additional Information:
Do you have anything to add to this page? Have we made any mistakes... or do you have any additional information about Kiwi's Big Adventure? If so, we would love to hear from you. Please send us a quick note with your additions or corrections to this page, and we will make the corrections as soon as possible!
Cartoon Comments:
Do you love Kiwi's Big Adventure, or do you think it is the worst cartoon ever? Let us know what you think! Surely you have an opinion... so share what you think. Take a minute and post your own comments about this cartoon here.


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July 16, 2013
Good things ahead for duo, Love and the Outcome,who release their label debut in September. Check out their brand new music video here.
Also, the couple scored a nod in Billboard Magazine, who featured the couple in their Bubbling Under section, pictured below.
Sign up to access this file.SIGN UP


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Vestar to buy Woodstream from Brockway Moran and CHS Capital
Vestar Capital Partners has agreed to acquire Woodstream from Brockway Moran & Partners and CHS Capital. No financial terms were disclosed for the transaction that is expected to be completed in the second quarter of this year. Headquartered in Lititz, Pennsylvania, Woodstream is a maker of branded pest control and lawn and garden products.


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This season is all about the slouchy pant. Loosely tailored and with a chambray effect, Raquel Allegra's lightweight pair features a cool acid-washed finish and a comfortable elasticated waistband. Wear yours with a silk shirt and ankle boots.
Blue acid-washed chambray-effect stretch-rayonElasticated waistband, two front slant pockets, back slit pocketPull on97% rayon, 3% spandexDry clean
Product code: 404470 - Need help? Contact us


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Definitions for tzara
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word tzara
Princeton's WordNet
Tzara, Tristan Tzara, Samuel Rosenstock(noun)
French poet (born in Romania) who was one of the cofounders of the dada movement (1896-1963)
Find a translation for the tzara definition in other languages:
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Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
"tzara." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 9 Oct. 2015. <http://www.definitions.net/definition/tzara>.


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Bric's Luggage
Life Collection 21" Trolley
$299 Gilt
- Color:
- pink
Qty: 1
- 1
- 2
- 3
Please select an available size.
Please select a size.
- Life collection 21" carry-on trolley luggage
- PVC coated micro-suede brushed cotton with leather trim throughout
- Zip front closure with leather top and side carry handles
- Small side zip pocket and large back zip pocket
- Lock-in trolley and two rolling wheels
- Nylon lined interior with large zip pocket, single detachable zip case, detachable hanger with hard cover and nylon tie-down straps
- Body length 15 inches; height 21 inches; width 9 inches
- Drop handle 1¼ inch; weight 13 lbs
Material: PVC coated micro-suede brushed cotton, Leather
Brand: Bric's Luggage
Origin: Imported


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Maze Planning Solutions has secured permission for two additional retail units at Malvern Retail Park, acting for the park owner, Consolidated Property Group (CPG).
The two-storey units have the benefit of unrestricted food and non-food planning permission and have attracted strong occupier interest. Construction will start shortly.
The development of additional space continues CPGs programme of expansion and improvement at Malvern, which started in earnest last year with construction of pod units for Caffe Nero and Carphone Warehouse.
CPG is shortly to reveal proposals for upgrading existing units at the retail park - a planning application is imminent.
MAZE Planning Solutions
Friday, 24 April 2015
Malvern retail park extension approved
Posted by MAZE Planning at 14:56
Labels: CPG, malvern, planning permission, retail
Need a planning consultant that's trusted by lawyers?
Manchester Incorporated Law Library Society's relocation plans stepped up a gear yesterday when Manchester City Council granted planning permission for a move to Deansgate
Manchester Incorporated Law Library Society has been in existence for over 130 years, and for most of that time in its current home at 14 Kennedy Street in the City Centre.
The Library provides an extensive range of legal texts, reports, journals, legislation and other reference material for those working in the legal profession on a membership basis.
The Kennedy Street building is in the process of being sold. All being well, the Library's new home will be in the City's Onward Buildings, Deansgate.
The planning application was submitted by MAZE Planning Solutions on behalf of the Law Library Society.
Posted by MAZE Planning at 14:43
Labels: Manchester, planning permission
ePlanning Scotland take up accelerates
The ePlanning Scotland portal has seen a significant growth in popularity in the last year which has been marked by two key milestones.
Over 60% of all applications and appeals are now submitted online, in preference to paper-based applications.
In February 2015 the 100,000th application was submitted through ePlanning Scotland.
The portal currently handles about 2,200 applications and appeals a month and is being hailed as an example of the Scottish Government's continued commitment to provide a successful online service in partnership with local government. A comparable service for Building Standards is next up and should be good to go by Summer 2016. Both businesses and public users will be able to apply for building warrants and submit completion certificates online.
Posted by MAZE Planning at 13:49 No comments:
Thursday, 5 March 2015
Northern Powerhouse: integrated transport body?
A £15 billion Northern Transport Plan could be at the vanguard of a coherent economic plan that will fire up the Government's Northern Powerhouse initiative, according to The Insitute for Public Policy Research.
The leading think tank supports the idea that a new body should take responsibility for all major transport modes; rail, road, sea and air transport, directing priorities for infrastructure investment, franchising and ticketing.
Read the BBC News article here: http://bit.ly/1EoBj4O
Posted by MAZE Planning at 07:28 No comments:
Wednesday, 4 March 2015
National planning policy: change unlikely
The March 2012 National Planning Policy Framework looks set to remain largely unchanged following a Select Committee Review which proffered a number of modifications.
The Communities and Local Government Select Committee embarked on an inquiry in April 2014 into the operation of the NPPF, reporting on its findings in December.
The Government's response, published last week, rejects most of the suggested changes, conceding only that guidance on the need for simplicity in Local Plans and ease of accessibility to that information might benefit from greater clarity. It is likely that will be addressed through a revision of Planning Practice Guidance, rather than amendment of the NPPF itself.
The Government's full response to the Select Committe's recommendations can be viewed at: http://bit.ly/1Gzdt5L
Posted by MAZE Planning at 15:28 No comments:
Labels: Planning policy NPPF DCLG
Tuesday, 29 July 2014
Bury Retail Review
The retail
market is stirring in Bury. The town's famous
market might still the main draw for coach trippers but Scottish Widow's recently
announced sale of the Mill Gate Centre hails the prospect of fresh retail
investment and lettings at a key town centre asset, which relinquished occupiers
to Thornfield's The Rock, just as the recession bit hard.
Here's a quick roundup of what's happening in Manchester's northern outpost.
The Rock
Bury is still adjusting to The Rock, which opened in summer 2010, adding 74,000 sq.m of retail space, Vue cinema, AMF bowling and the town's first clutch of chain restaurants. The scheme delivered large floorplate units, attracting debutants Primark, Debenhams and Superdry. Others transferred from traditional prime areas in the Mill Gate Centre, notably M&S, but several vacancies remain following early tenant churn. More development is promised, adding four restaurant / café units at the west end of the scheme on the Sol Viva nightclub site. Permission was secured in 2013 and the site is ready to go.
The Mill Gate Centre
Contracts were exchanged in June for sale of The Mill Gate Centre by Scottish Widows for about £52 million. InfraRed Capital Partners is acquiring and will hope to reduce voids caused by tenant failures and defections to The Rock. It retains BHS as anchor, along with Boots, New Look, Specsavers and Waterstones. There is potential for reconfiguration of the mainly covered centre. Scottish Widows drew up a development plan after its purchase in 2005 but the recession that followed and shift of focus to The Rock meant nothing progressed.
Bolton Street
Bury Council granted planning permission in September 2013 for a 12,000 sq.m foodstore on the vacant police HQ site and leisure centre, at Bolton Street, on the western edge of town. The Council's partner ASK Developments, must ensure relocation of the leisure centre to nearby Knowsley Street. Morrisons and Sainsburys were rumoured as a potential occupiers - neither is represented in the town - but local agents doubt the retailer appetite for a large store. The permission is the subject of judicial review by rival developer Morbaine, which has aspirations for a foodstore across town at Derby Way. Morbaine's challenge was initially rebuffed by the courts but a subsequent hearing in March 2014 determined there were legitimate grounds for challenge. Negotiations are ongoing between the parties; Council Officers say it might lead to cessation of the proceedings.
Derby Way
Morbaine has options on 2.4 hectares of land east of The Rock, occupied by First Bus. Planning permission for a 10,500 sq.m foodstore was refused in September 2013, at the same committee that approved the Council's alternative Bolton Street scheme. Sainsbury's was associated with the site but, like Bolton Street, sentiments seem to have changed and the retailer is unlikely to commit.
Woodfields Retail Park
A Tesco British Land JV, anchored by the eponymous retailer on the northern edge of the town centre, off Peel Way. Tesco's superstore is dominant in the town and likely to be extended to add dot.com facilities, servicing a growing demand for multi-channel retailing. A planning application is with the Council. The retail park is fully let, home to Boots, Next, Sports Soccer, Currys and JD Sports.
Moorgate Retail Park
Located on the east edge of the centre, Moorgate is recovering from the failure of MFI in late 2008 and Comet in December 2012. Home Bargains mopped up the former MFI unit about 12 months ago – its third outlet in the town. The Comet space remains available 18 months after the shutters came down, but is the only vacant retail warehouse in town.
Other Town Centre Retail Parks
Angouleme Retail Park (George Street) and Halls Retail Park (Foundry Street) complete the line‑up of town centre retail parks, fully let and neighboured by Asda and Matalan stores on the southern edge of the retail core. Key occupiers include Argos, TK Maxx, Smyths Toys and Pets at Home.
Further afield, 0.8 mile west of the town centre, Lidl is seeking consent for a store at Victoria Street. The Council refused permission in September 2013, concerned about the site's out-of-centre location and loss of employment land. Lidl has appealed and awaits a decision. In the meantime Aldi has stolen a march on its discount rival, securing space at the neighbouring Crostons Retail Park, ending a patchy period for a former Netto store, which has seen several occupiers come and go since its closure in 2010, ironically just as Netto makes a return to the UK market.
Park 66, Pilsworth
Park 66, at junction 3 of the M66, 1.5 miles south east of Bury town centre, is a mothballed leisure investment next to Asda's established superstore. Mutil‑screen cinema, bowling and restaurant buildings were vacated following movement of tenants to The Rock. A standalone Pizza Hut continues to trade. Marketing in 2010 generated interest for retailing, subject to planning, but nothing made it off the drawing board. The site is being marketed now - offers are due in any day and likely to see industrial or warehousing emerge as the preferred use.
Posted by MAZE Planning at 13:05
Labels: Bury, development, mill gate, planning, retail, retail park, the rock
Thursday, 3 July 2014
Topps Tiles - Bury space ready to go
NEWS Cutting - Insider News 03 July 2014
Flooring retailer Topps Tiles has agreed to take space in Bury. The business will move into a trade counter premises on Webb Street which was previously occupied by Pendle Designs.
The property has been remodelled and refurbished to suit the company's requirements.
Paul Nolan, director of Nolan Redshaw, the sole agent on the property, said: "We are delighted to secure this letting on behalf of our client who has worked closely with Topps Tiles to refurbish this building to suit their needs and we are delighted with the finished product.
"It also follows on from the successful letting we did to Screwfix at the adjacent building twelve months ago and shows that well-presented properties in the right location will attract high calibre occupiers."
Nolan Redshaw and MAZE Planning Solutions acted on behalf of a private client and Topps Tiles was unrepresented.
Posted by MAZE Planning at 10:01
Labels: Bury, nolan redshaw, retail, topps tiles, trade park
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Emilio Pucci's draped top, featuring the label's signature swirl print, is effortlessly glamorous. Cut from croc-effect silk-jacquard, this elegant piece has a touch of the exotic - style yours with white denim and dazzling accessories.
Multicolored printed silk-jacquard Draped front, designer signature within print, button fastening at side slitSlips on100% silkDry clean
Product code: 336516 - Need help? Contact us


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Styrene Polymers to Toys, Volume 16, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2nd Edition
Entirely rewritten, this multi-volume work has been expanded to reflect the vast changes that have occurred in polymer and plastics technology over the past twenty years. Coverage includes a 50 percent increase in engineering and processing topics along with an in depth treatment of natural and synthetic polymers, plastics, fibers, elastomers, robotics, composites and such computer topics such as CAD/CAM. The previous edition of this volume was published in 1972.
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Japan plans on shooting down any ballistic missiles fired by North Korea that could potentially hit the island nation.
A government source said Defense Minister Itsunori Onodera put out the order, which will remain in place through April 25, reports Reuters. That date is the anniversary of the founding of the North Korean army.
North Korea launched two Rodong missiles in late March which traveled about 400 miles (650 km) and fell into the sea. Japan said that the mid-range ballistic missiles are capable of flying as far as 1,300 km. The launch coincided with a meeting between the two Asian countries along with South Korea and the United States over North Korea's nuclear capabilities.
China's state news agency Xinhua reports that Japan moved an Aegis-equipped SDF destroyer into the Sea of Japan, prepared to fire upon any missiles launched by North Korea that are deemed a threat to hit Japanese soil.
The issued the order quietly to keep the North Korea in the dark about Japan's missile detection capabilities, according to local media.


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Funny Or Die
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Psychiatrist Videos, Psychiatrist Pictures, Psychiatrist Articles
Psychiatrists vs. Bartenders
Psychiatrists vs. Bartenders
Psychiatrist sketch
A sketch from The Kingsnorth Lobotomy. The Psychiatrist sketch
The Psychiatrist
The Psychiatrist is a short about a patient and his refusal to cooperate with his and his familys psychiatrist. The tables, however, turn on the patient when...
Jay Gates - Dog Psychiatrist
Standup comedian and host Jay Gates acts as a dog psychiatrist to help bridge the gap between humans and their pets.
An improvised scene where one actor plays a psychiatrist who has to diagnose his patients. The audience suggests the problems for each patient.
My psychiatrist, Dr. Jack.
There ain't many who take the new Tea Party Medicaid Lite voucher program. But, this guy does. He's hard to find. He's not allowed in the phone book. His ...
Crazy Ron Artest Thanks His Psychiatrist
Needless to say Ron Artest pimping his new single coming out was not the most odd thing about his post game interview.
World's Worst Psychiatrist
A flagrantly unqualified shrink plays happily with his iPhone while his annoying patient blathers on about ... nothing at all interesting.
Felice Fond-Her Psychiatrist and his Kooky Dog Heinric
Ice House-A therapy session with Dr. Goldman and his dog Heinric. Written by: Darren Flaster and Felice Fond. Produced by: Darren Flaster. Contact Felice ...
The Jeff Dunham Show Behind the Scenes - Walter at the Psychiatrist
Walter and Jeff can't agree on anything, so Comedy Central sent them to see a shrink. The Jeff Dunham Show Every Thursday at 9/8c on Comedy Central!
Mr Idea Comedy: '...a Roadside Psychiatrist
unscripted rant by a regular guy. ideas to make the world a better place.
Head Case
A trip to the psychiatrist.
Armchair Shrink: Father's Love
Charlie Sanders is a certified Armchair Psychiatrist. He's here to help you through your troubles.
Adam's Greatest Nightmare
Adam confronts his biggest food phobia with the help of a professional psychiatrist. Is Adam just paranoid... or is food really out to get him?
Armchair Shrink: Brothers
Charlie Sanders is a certified Armchair Psychiatrist. He's here to help you through your troubles.
A girl goes to see her psychiatrist for a serious visit, but ends up clowning around.
Dr Philifty
Psychiatrist Sketch
Armchair Shrink: Dreams
Charlie Sanders is a certified Armchair Psychiatrist.


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New Balance WW847SKU: #7973709
Product Information
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- Are you looking for a lighter-weight alternative in a motion-control walking shoe? Look no further than the women's WW847 from New Balance®—packed with comfort and ready to perform!
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- Product measurements were taken using size 7.5, width D - Wide. Please note that measurements may vary by size.


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Lana Del Rey's Third Album Is Called 'Honeymoon' And Sounds More Like 'Born To Die' And 'Paradise'
Lana Del Rey isn't wasting any time between albums! Ultraviolence, the gloomy diva's extremely underrated sophomore LP, was only released six months ago but


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Mass Times | Find Us
Saturday 4:00 pm Vigil
Saturday 8:00 pm Vietnamese Vigil
Sunday 7:15 | 9:15 | 11:15 am | 5:00 pm
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We offer many opportunities for everyone in your family to get involved in our parish while serving God.
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We all know that the spiritual benefits of giving far outweigh the costs. We all have either time, talent or treasure that God wants us to share. Our paths in life are shaped by how we share and spend these gifts.
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PENDLETON -- Restrictions on activities in the Umatilla National Forest have been lifted due to cooler weather.
Prohibitions on use of chain saws, campfires and smoking outside of designated areas have ended at present, said Brian Goff, fire staff officer. The restrictions were implemented in early-August to reduce the risk of wildfires.
Information on current restrictions is available at 1-877-958-9663 or online at www.fs.usda.gov/umatilla/.
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Keyword: disc aerators ×
Disc Aeratorby IFO Vattenrening, AB based in Bromma, SWEDEN
The rubber membrane in IFO´s aerators is fitted with a large number of very small slits. Under working pressure, the rubber membrane expands thereby opening the slits and allowing the air quantity necessary for effective oxygenation to pass through. The smaller the holes the smaller the air bubbles and the better the oxygenationcapacity. ...
EUROPELEC - Model DISC AIR - Medium Bubble Air Diffuserby EUROPELEC based in Paris, FRANCE
The EUROPELEC DISC'AIR medium bubble air diffuser has a simple design. It is made of high-performance materials that offer full resistance to corrosion. Its main uses are : treatment of greases ;the aeration of retention basins.
Fine Bubble Membrane Disc Aeration Systemby Gasvoda & Associates, Inc. (GAI) based in Calumet City, ILLINOIS (USA)
The Aquarius fine pore aeration system has been developed by our team of engineers with an unparalleled background of experience in the design, application and operation of wastewater treatment aeration systems. This experience comes with the knowledge that a high performance diffuser requires an equally well engineered piping system to ...
Aquarius - Fine Bubble Membrane Disc Aerationby Aquarius Technologies Inc. based in Port Washington, WISCONSIN (USA)
Fine bubble membrane disc aeration has been significantly improved by the group of Aquarius engineers who bring decades of aeration experience to the market. The primary goal of this product development is to provide improved aeration performance for the MSABPTM but can be applied to conventional activated sludge plants, aerobic digesters, ...
Disc Membrane Aeratorby U&D Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd based in Guangzhou, CHINA
Membrane: EPDM 3/4'. Diameter: 270mm(Standard 10'). Aerator surface area: 0.0531 m2. Bubble diameter:0.8-1.9mm. Membrane service life: Above 5 years. Standard aeration rate: 4 m3/h. Aeration scope: 1-8 m3/h. Standard oxygen transfer efficiency: ≥38% (6m water depth). Working area: 0.2-1.0 m2/pcs
STM-Aerotor - Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Systemby WesTech Engineering, Inc. based in Salt Lake City, UTAH (USA)
The STM-Aerotor™ Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) System uses Integrated Fixed Film and Activated Sludge (IFAS) technology as part of a process that provides biological nutrient removal for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
Model SSI - Fine Bubble Disc Diffusersby Entec International B.V based in POORTUGAAL, NETHERLANDS
SSI manufactures disc diffusers with compression molded membranes. Standard materials are EPDM (pictured at right) and fluoroelastomer layered EPDM. Compression molding ensures a diffuser with even specific gravity and uniform tear resistance. The tear resistance of a compression molded part is multidirectional, which is typically not found in ...
Land Pride - Model CA0540 - Core Aeratorby Stewart Martin Equipment based in Okmulgee, OKLAHOMA (USA)
The CA05 Series Pull-Type Core Aerators are perfect for garden tractors, zero turn mowers and utility vehicles to relieve soil compaction, and allow air circulation in grassy surfaces. They are designed for residential use and other light applications. They utilize replaceable hardened spring steel spoons mounted on rotating discs. These spoons ...
Nafad - Fine Bubble Dilfusersby Sanitherm, a Division of Peak Energy Services based in Coquitlam, BRITISH COLUMBIA (CANADA)
Fine bubble dilfusers are mostly used in water re-oxygenation and biological wastewater treatment systems. Particularly, the membrane type tine bubble diffusers are popular because of their low maintenance, non-clogging, and high oxygen transfer efficiency. The fine bubble membranes are slit (1-2 mm) with pattern in order to maximize their ...
Diffused Aerationby Aquatreat Environmental Engineering Ltd based in Kenilworth, UNITED KINGDOM
You can be confident that your application will benefit from the most efficient and economic aeration diffusers from our range:


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Earth sciences
Language(s): English »Chinese
This short film aims to illustrate present and future challenges in urban water management, highligting water problems facing cities around the world.
The film is designed to promote sustainable and innovative approaches that UNESCO is pursuing to help countries address water problems in fast-growing cities, and to assist cities to develop strategies for sustainable urban water management.
Place/country: Worldwide,
Type: Documentary
Duration: 5 minutes
Credits: Sarantuyaa Zandaryaa (director), UNESCO IHP (publisher), Sarantuyaa Zandaryaa (producer),
Published in: 2010
Library catalogue (UNESDOC):190900


text: Statistical Summary: Use and Benefits of Alternative Dispute Resolution by the Department of Justice This data is based on detailed case reports submitted by the lead trial counsel in all cases in which a private neutral conducted an ADR process in Department litigation across the country. Category TOTALS 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Success Rates for ADR Voluntary ADR Proceedings 69% Resolved 75% Resolved 69% Resolved 73% Resolved 77% Resolved 78% Resolved Court-Ordered Proceedings 49% Resolved 49% Resolved 49% Resolved 53% Resolved 46% Resolved 42% Resolved Achieved Benefits in Unresolved CasesThis category includes unresolved cases in which there were non-quantifiable gains such as narrowing of trial issues, resolution of discovery disputes or progress towards settlement. 55% 59% 63% 86% 73% 83% Quantified Benefits of ADR Litigation or Discovery Expenses SavedThis category includes actual costs avoided due to settlement through ADR, including, for example: costs associated with further discovery and depositions; expert witness costs for depositions, exams, reports and trial testimony; trial exhibits; witness costs for trial attendance, etc. $9,163,500 $24,809,407 $21,983,665 $13,355,511 $11,429,450 $5,940,287 Days of Attorney/Staff Time SavedThis category includes full work days of attorneys and staff which were saved because of successful ADR and includes, for example: further discovery required for trial; preparing witnesses and exhibits for trial; trial motions, etc. 7,653 Days 14,346 Days 9,047 Days 9,917 Days 13,649 Days 7,456 Days Months of Litigation AvoidedThis category refers to the amount of time the case would have remained active on the court's docket if the case had not been resolved through ADR. 967 Months 2,692 Months 1,516 Months 1,231 Months 915 Months 849 Months DOJ Support ADR Expenditures for Mediation Services $2,504,010 $1,816,177 $1,198,128 $1,931,900 $1,531,879 $1,141,103 Number of Case Authorized for ADR Funding 445 504 540 470 598 528 Updated August 25, 2015


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Barkbusters Replacement plastics for VPS handguards (includes left and right)For use with VPS or Storm style handguard models. Available in all standard Barkbusters handguard colors. Learn More$35.00
Helmet Guardian, BlackReadily installed on either the upper or lower license plate bolts, this is the perfect accessory for securing your helmet to your bike! Learn More$51.95
Replacement plastics for Barkbusters Storm handguards (includes left and right), blackMaximize your wind protection with the Barkbuster's largest handguard plastic! For use with single sided Storm mount and all Barkbusters Handguards with VPS backbone. Learn More$47.00
SW-MOTECH Left & Right Side Mirror Wideners For Honda CBR500R '13-'15 & CBR650F '14-'15If you're tired of seeing your own shoulders in your rearview mirrors, then these are for you! This pair of mirror wideners bolts into the original mirror mount position on your motorcycle's fairing, providing a spacer between the base of the rearview mirror and the motorcycle's fairing. Learn More$83.95
R&G Exhaust Protector (Can Cover) Hexagonal shape for Honda CBR125R '11-'13, CBR250R '11-'14, CB600 '11-'13, CBR600F '11-'13, CBR1000RR '08-'15, Suzuki GSX-R600 '11-'15, GSX-R750 '11-'15, & Aprilia V4 Touno '11
R&G Exhaust Protector Hexagonal shape may fit other aftermarket hexagonal shaped exhausts including Arrow Slip-On for 2013 Triumph Street Triple.
Special Note:Known to fit on the Yoshimura TRC hexagonal exhaust system. Also known to fit Arrow Slip-on aftermarket exhaust available with '13 Triumph Street Triple.Learn More$79.99
R&G Waterproof Motorcycle Cover for Supersport and Naked Bikes - BlackFits most sport and naked bikes without hard sidecases or topcases. Waterproof outdoor protection with anti-theft features and paint protection built in. Learn More$79.99
SW-MOTECH Bags-Connection QUICK-LOCK Type 106 EVO Tankbag Bottom TankringSW-MOTECH Bags-Connection QUICK-LOCK Type 106 EVO Tankbag Bottom Ring is used in conjunction with SW-MOTECH Bags-Connection Quick-Lock EVO tankbags. Learn More$41.95
R&G Shocktube Rear Shock Protector for Many modelsThe Shocktube is a high impact waterproof vented tube made from top quality bonded 100% CR Neoprene which is double lined with stretch nylon on both sides. Learn More$47.99
MFW Replacement Footpeg Driver Mount Honda CBR250R '11-'14, CBR500R, CB500F, CB500X, CB600F Hornet '98-'13, CBR600F '87-'13, CBR600RR '03-'13, NC700S '12-'15, NC700X '12-'15, VFR800F '14-'15, CB1000R '08-'15, CBR1000RR '04-'12, CB1100 '13-'14, VFR1200 &MFW's bike specific Replacement Brackets allow direct replacement of your original footpegs with one of MFW's 3 styles of replacement footpegs. Compatible only with MFW footpegs (sold separately). Sold in pairs. Available in silver. Learn More$37.95
SW-MOTECH Universal GPS Mount Kit | Medium Navi bagThe SW-MOTECH Universal GPS Kit allows for a variety of installation options without additional accessories, and includes a medium splash-proof NAVi bag to protect your GPS from the elements. Learn More$83.95


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The FDA has cleared the AtriCure Isolator(R) system, including its
Isolator Synergy(TM) ablation clamps, and AtriCure's multifunctional pen
and Coolrail(TM) linear ablation device, for the ablation, or destruction,
of cardiac tissue during surgical procedures. Additionally, the FDA has
cleared AtriCure's multifunctional pen for temporary pacing, sensing,
stimulating and recording during the evaluation of cardiac arrhythmias. To
date, the FDA has not cleared or approved AtriCure's products for the
treatment of AF. AtriCure's left atrial appendage clip system has not been
approved for commercial use.
AtriCure, Inc.
Julie A. Piton
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(513) 755-4561
|SOURCE AtriCure, Inc.
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


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|Singing Kettle
|VS 4b
|20m. Climb the crack left of Rose Puchong to a heathery bay. Tackle the overhang direct or move into it from the right to finish on a fine wall. Generally well protected, though the finishing slab is more bold.
R Wilkinson, D Baker 28/Jun/2003
Ticklists: Lakeland Revival 2015.
Photo: Singing Kettle (first ascent) © Rog Wilko


text: Bert Haines | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season Bert Haines Performer Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsA Night in Spain[Musical, Revue, Original] Performer: Bert Haines May 03, 1927 - Nov 12, 1927 Find out where Bert Haines and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


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Rollover image for closeup
You Do Something To Me Jazz Ensemble With Vocal Conductor's ScoreItem #: WB.JEVM03002C
Our Price:
Unrated ( Be the first to review this item )
Composed by Cole Porter. Arranged by Dave Wolpe.
Jazz Ensemble. Published by Warner Brothers. (WB.JEVM03002C)
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In Stock
A great new arrangement by Dave Wolpe of the classic Cole Porter tune. Both male (Eb) and female (Bb) versions included. Vocal solo range is from Bb below middle C to fifth line F (male); G below middle C to third space C (female.) Optional Solo Bb Tenor Saxophone as substitute for vocal solo also available.
Songs Include:


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Ryva Takes On Enterprise (Again)
View Single Post
May 2 2013, 05:12 AM
Ryva Brall
Location: Empok Nor
Re: Ryva Takes On Enterprise (Again)
Okay, you guys, settle down. I have a new episode for you to take apart.
Cold Front
Oh, boy. Time travel already? Jeez, guys, we're not even halfway through the first season.
So it turns out that a member of the Enterprise crew is actually some sort of temporal agent from the future. Well, I highly doubt it was a surprise to anyone watching that Daniels (Matt Winston, who I'm pretty sure was in
Galaxy Quest
) was not who he appeared to be. From his very first scene, it was obvious that he would figure prominently in this episode, for one reason or another. Maybe if he had appeared once or twice in previous episodes, it would have been more of a surprise when it was revealed who he really was. Oh well. Just one more missed opportunity.
The interesting part of this episode is the mystery surrounding the motives of both Daniels and Silik. Daniels claims he's there to apprehend Silik, but Silik claims his mission was to prevent the Enterprise from being destroyed. Archer, naturally, is stuck trying to decide who to believe. Ultimately, he trusts Daniels, which
to be the right choice, as Silik ends up shooting Archer, vaporizing Daniels, stealing his little temporal snowglobe dealie, and escaping through the shuttle bay door. (I'm pretty sure you can't sky-dive in space, but I'll let it slide.)
So, is Silik a bad guy? Looks that way. But then again, I don't remember
about this Temporal Cold War story arc from the first time I watched ENT. So what do I know?
There were some dumb things about this episode that the writers apparently didn't catch. Like Daniels saying that he didn't want anyone to know he was a time traveller, and then
walking through walls
right in front of the engineering crew. And how is it that the universal translator can instantly translate what those alien pilgrims were saying, even though it's never heard a word of their language before? And yet it magically doesn't translate the invocation of the Great Plume of Whoozawhatsits when Phlox is speaking? (AAAHH, shut up, Ryva, don't think about it!)
I did like the little tidbit that Phlox is interested in other species' religions. It was consistent with his character's natural curiosity. I also liked the story with the aliens on their pilgrimage, and the scenes where the Enterprise crew showed them around the ship. The whole "meeting new civilizations" thing felt like genuine Trek to me. And the shots of the stellar nursery were beautiful.
This episode was directed by Robert Duncan McNeill. Yay! I've enjoyed his directing in the past, for VOY as well as for the series
. And, well, despite the unoriginal time travel premise and the usual plot holes, I think he did a good job with what he was given to work with. The camera work was nicely done, and the acting was on a better level than what I've seen so far. Well done, Robbie.
Mentally unstable like a
Ryva Brall
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Elite Bath
Deco Floral Mural
Extra 10% off the Elite Bath - DECO
Sale ends October 07, 2015, 7:00 AM
Discount applied in cart
Sale ends October 07, 2015, 7:00 AM
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Item Description
|Elite BathShop All Elite Bath
|Model Number
|Alternative SKU
|Elite Bath DECOAC, Elite Bath DECOFP, Elite Bath DECOSB, Elite Bath DECOSN, Elite Bath DECOTDB
Cast bronze may have irregularities such as pitting and or hairline cracks, these are not flaws but are characteristic of solid cast bronze. All Elite finishes will vary slightly in color and / or pattern. No two will be identical.
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text:
For more information about the Walkstation or other Details products, visit http://www.details-worktools.com.
Details, a Steelcase subsidiary based in Grand Rapids, Mich., provides innovative worktool solutions compatible with most furniture systems. Details worktools are sold through a network of 450 dealers and are featured in 20 Steelcase showrooms throughout North America. For more information about Details, visit http://www.details-worktools.com.
|SOURCE Details, a Steelcase Company
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved