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Are you Barbara Skop?Claim your profile
Publications (9)18.52 Total impact
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ABSTRACT: One of the important factors responsible for vessel wall remodelling is programmed cell death. In the paper the role of smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis in primary varicose veins (PVV) is investigated. Vein specimens were obtained from 40 patients with PVV. In each case proximal and distal (upper crural) great saphenous veins (GSV) were harvested. Morphometric computer assessed quantitative evaluation of SMCs, collagen and elastin content was carried out. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assay. The levels of p53, BAX, BCLl-2 and p21 mRNA expression were assessed by real time RT-QPCR and the presence of respective proteins in the vessel wall was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In the proximal GSV segments a significant increase of p53, p21 and BCL-2 mRNA levels was found in PVV patients. In the distal segments BAX and BCL-2 expression levels were higher. Taking into account the patient age, elevated p53 mRNA expression level was noticed in the distal incompetent GSVs of young PVV patients. In this group a statistically significant increase in the apoptotic index (APIx) within the vein media was found which correlated positively with p53 mRNA expression level. There was no increase of the apoptotic activity in elderly patients that led to the structural changes increase. In proximal GSV segments, despite SMC amount reduction or presence of structural changes in perivalvular wall region, no increase of the APIx with was noticed. P53-related apoptosis is one of the regulatory mechanisms of vein wall homeostasis maintenance. During varicose vein development its activation is related to the early stages of the disease. In the further course, the down-regulation of the SMC apoptosis within the vein media leads to the structural changes increase. The reduction of the SMC population corresponding to an increase of p21 expression in proximal saphenous vein segments suggests that the cell cycle disturbances may lead to the 'weakness' of the proximal GSV wall. Valve injury is not the only factor leading to the varicose veins occurrence.European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 01/2005; 28(6):600-11. DOI:10.1016/j.ejvs.2004.09.008 · 2.49 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A molecular mechanism responsible for varicose vein occurrence was investigated. The role of potential cell cycle regulator p21 and programmed cell death in the pathology leading to the proximal long saphenous vein (LSV) incompetence was investigated. Proximal LSV specimens were obtained from 40 patients with primary varicose veins who had undergone crossectomy. The expression of the p21, p53, and fas encoding genes was investigated by the means of real-time RT-QPCR. Immunostaining for gene product presence, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and apoptotic cells (TUNEL assay) was carried out. The results were compared to the control healthy vein specimens and correlated with pathologic examination findings (of the valve and vein structure). A significant increase in p21, p53, and fas mRNA expression were reported in the proximal incompetent veins. The expression of p21 correlated with expression of p53 (r = 0.658; p<0.05) and negative correlation between media apoptotic index and p21 mRNA expression was found (r = -0.493; p<0.05). Decrease in the muscular component within the media and disturbances of the local structure in the incompetent LSVs were reported. Fas overexpression did not correlate with p53 expression level and did not correlate with apoptotic cell number in the respective vein layers. PCNA-positive cells were present more frequently in the media of the control veins, especially in young subjects. Apoptosis downregulation, cell cycle inhibition and smooth muscle cell hypertrophy are important factors influencing vein wall disturbances related to sapheno-femoral junction incompetence.Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 11/2004; 10(4):311-21. · 2.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Properties of butyltin complexes [Sn(C4H9-n)3{OOCC6H3(NH2)2-3,4}]n (1), [Sn(C4H9-n)3{OOCC6H3(NH2)2-3,5}] (2), [Sn(C4H9-n)3{OOCC6H4NNC6H4N(CH3)2-4}] (3) and [Sn(C6H5)3{OOCC6H3(NH2)2-3,5}]n (4) have been investigated. 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectra indicate that the compounds in chloroform are distorted tetrahedral and in strongly coordinating solvents trigonal-bipyramidal complexes. Structure of complex 3 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. This compound adopts trigonal bipyramidal structure with bridging carboxylato ligand bound asymmetrically with tin atoms in axial positions. The complexes are effective cytostatic agents.Inorganica Chimica Acta 12/2003; 356:62-68. DOI:10.1016/S0020-1693(03)00475-4 · 2.05 Impact Factor
Article: Desulfovibrio desulfuricans lipopolysaccharides induce endothelial cell IL-6 and IL-8 secretion and E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine whether Desulfovibrio desulfuricans-derived LPS stimulate the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from ECs and the expression of their adhesion molecules at the transcriptional level. Confluent monolayers of HUVEC were incubated in the absence or presence of 20 microg/ml and 60 microg/ml LPSs derived from the DdT and DdA bacterial strains. Also, the simultaneous stimulation of cells with LPSs and IL-1beta was evaluated. The levels of cytokines released were measured using ELISA. LPS-activated HUVEC increased the secretion of both IL-6 and IL-8, which was not LPS dose dependent. The expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 was assessed by TR-PCR. The transcripts were detectable at all the concentrations (20, 40, 60 microg/ml) of LPSs used. These results suggest that D. desulfuricans LPS may activate immune functions in endothelial cells and influence the inflammatory response during bacteremia caused by these bacteria.Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters 02/2003; 8(4):991-1003. · 1.59 Impact Factor
Article: Desulfovibrio desulfuricans lipopolysaccharides induce endothelial cell IL-6 and IL-8 secretion and E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Abbreviations used: IL-6 -interleukin-6; IL-8 -interleukin-8; DdA -Desulfovibrio desulfuricans wild intestinal strain DV-A/94; DdT -Desulfovibrio desulfuricans type soil strain; LPS -lipopolysaccharides; HUVEC -human umbilical vein endothelial cells; ECs -endothelial cells; VCAM-1 -vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; ELISA -enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; RT-PCR -reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; PBS -phosphate buffered saline. Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether Desulfovibrio desulfuricans-derived LPS stimulate the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from ECs and the expression of their adhesion molecules at the transcriptional level. Confluent monolayers of HUVEC were incubated in the absence or presence of 20 μg/ml and 60 μg/ml LPSs derived from the DdT and DdA bacterial strains. Also, the simultaneous stimulation of cells with LPSs and IL-1β was evaluated. The levels of cytokines released were measured using ELISA. LPS-activated HUVEC increased the secretion of both IL-6 and IL-8, which was not LPS dose dependent. The expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 was assessed by TR-PCR. The transcripts were detectable at all the concentrations (20, 40, 60 μg/ml) of LPSs used. These results suggest that D. desulfuricans LPS may activate immune functions in endothelial cells and influence the inflammatory response during bacteremia caused by these bacteria.
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ABSTRACT: The properties of vinyltin and phenyltin complexes [Sn(CH=CH2)3{μ-OOCC6H3(NH2)2-3,4}]n (1), [Sn(C6H5)3{OOCC6H3(NH2)2-3,4}] (2), [Sn(C6H5)3{OOC-2-C6H4N=NC6H4N(CH3)2-4}] (3) and [Sn(CH=CH2)3{OOC-2-C6H4N=NC6H4N(CH3)2-4}] (4) have been investigated. The structures of complexes 1, 2, and 3, have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 is a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal complex and compounds 2 and 3 adopt a distorted tetrahedral structure. Complex 1 is a single-strand polymer with a bridging 3,4-diaminobenzoato ligand coordinating via the O(1) atom of the carboxylato group and the nitrogen atom of the para-amino group. The oxygen and nitrogen atoms occupy the axial coordination sites. The Sn(1)−N(2A) bond is weak. In complexes 2 and 3 the carboxylato ligands are strongly coordinated to the central atom via one oxygen atom, and the Sn(1)−O(2) distances are considerably longer. Weak interactions of the central atom with the amino group in complex 1, and with the O(2) atoms in complexes 2 and 3, as well as the hydrogen bonds, stabilize the crystal structure. The complexes are effective cytostatic agents. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 11/2002; 2002(12):3214 - 3221. DOI:10.1002/1099-0682(200212)2002:12<3214::AID-EJIC3214>3.0.CO;2-K · 2.94 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The properties and structures of the tetranuclear dibutyltin complexes [Sn4(µ3-O)2(C4H9-n)8{OOCC6H3(NH2)2-3,4}4] (1), [Sn4(µ3-O)2(C4H9-n)8{OOCC6H3(NH2)2-3,5}4] (2), [Sn4(µ3-O)2(C4H9-n)8{OOC-2-C6H4NNC6H4N(CH3)2-4}4] (3) are described. Complex 3 adopts a structure with a tetranuclear Sn4(µ3-O)2 core. All tin atoms are five-coordinate and form bonds with three oxygen atoms and two butyl ligands. Two carboxylates are bridging and two are terminal ligands. IR and NMR spectra indicate that the same structure is adopted by complexes 1 and 2. The molecular and electronic structures of complex 1 of Ci symmetry have been studied using the semi-empirical PM3 formalism. The calculated structure and bond distances agree with X-ray data. All complexes are effective antitumor agents. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Applied Organometallic Chemistry 08/2002; 16(10):587 - 592. DOI:10.1002/aoc.347 · 2.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The structure of the tin(III) complex [Sn(2)(CH(2)CH(2)CN)(6)] has been determined. There are two independent molecules in the crystal, both adopt distorted eclipsed conformation. The molecular and electronic structures of this compound have been studied both at the semiempirical level and with the use of non-empirical ab initio methods. The calculated Sn-Sn distances agree well with those found crystallographically. The results of calculations showed that the eclipsed conformation of complex is more stable as compared with staggered conformation. The compound show modest cytotoxic activity against A549 and HSMC cells.Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 07/2002; 90(3-4):149-54. DOI:10.1016/S0162-0134(02)00424-5 · 3.44 Impact Factor
Article: The effect of prolonged ischaemia and cryopreservation on the cell viability of human aortic and femoral artery allografts[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The viability of the human arterial allograft cells depends on the time and method of vessel procurement and storage. In this study, an evaluation of the effect of the duration of 4 degrees C ischaemia and cryopreservation on human aortic and femoral artery allograft viability was performed. After the isolation of arterial wall cells, the identification of cultured cells was performed using mRNA analysis for estimation of smooth-muscle markers of differentiation: desmin and heavy-caldesmon. The viability of cells from the medial layer of the aortic wall ranged from 74 to 90% (61-79% for femoral arteries). Cold ischaemia time (from harvesting until the beginning of the preparation) is a statistically significant factor influencing smooth muscle cell viability. Smooth muscle cells represented the majority of live cell population.Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 02/2002; 40(2):217-8. · 1.36 Impact Factor
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Medical University of Silesia in KatowiceCatowice, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland


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Think you know the Olympic games well? You'd be surprised…
Lionsgate announced that Philip Seymour Hoffman has been cast as Plutarch Heavensbee in 'Hunger Games' sequel, "Catching Fire"
Casey Anthony's attorney filed a brief that outlines why she thinks she deserves a new trial on those four convictions of providing false information to a law enforcement officer.
The song that wouldn't die.
Shin-kicking is an event at the 400th Cotswold Olimpicks
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Look, we've read "The Nanny Diaries." We know how it goes. You pay $30,000 for the right starch-collared, Manhattan preschool. A grand for the Bugaboo stroller. And $500 monthly for the mice to feed your pet bald eagle.
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Two important facts here about modern technology:
1. Once on the Internet, nothing ever truly goes away.
2. Politicians butt dial.
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You love your pooch, we know you do. But guess what, other people do, too. And that's why you should rent him out.
So you're going on a fabulous, week-long vacation extravaganza, and you want the whole world to know! Congratulations, we're jealous. Please ride the line between letting us live vicariously through you and just making us angry.
Because hugging children automatically makes you a sex offender now. A Catholic priest known for hugging children in his Michigan parish will now give fist-bumps instead.
George R.R. Martin has written a lot of great stuff. But maybe nothing as great as his thoughts on social gaming.
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Deicide -- Atlanta, GA -- February 15th, 2011
City: Atlanta
State: Georgia
Venue: Masquerade
Date: February 15, 2010
Tour: God is Dead - To Hell With God
No Belphegor :mad: due to their visas being denied. They won't be on the tour until the Chicago Date
Symptoms of Bleeding
Among Giants
Code Injection
Age of Onset
Legacy of the Ancient
Collapsing in Violence
Saturn Brotherhood
Neuraxis (incomplete)
Savior and Destroyer
Left to Devour
The Sword
Fear of all Flesh
This Round's On Me
Homage for Satan
Dead by Dawn
Once Upon the Cross
Scars of the Crucifix
When Satan Rules His World
Serpents of the Light
Hang In Agony Until You Are Dead
They Are the Children of the Underworld
Death to Jesus
Dead but Dreaming
Witness of Death
Into the Darkness You Go
How Can You Call Yourself A God
Kill the Christian
Sacrificial Suicide
Lunatic of God's Creation
Sucks about Belphegor, looks like a great Deicide set except they need to take out Conviction and replace it with Angels in Hell
wow. I haven't heard the new record yet, but when they came to the Donkey back in 2009, their setlist was a little more varied. NO LUNATIC OF GOD'S CREATION? I kind of figured that to be a staple for their set.......... oh well.
I'm still psyched to see them again, even though the only songs they're playing on this tour that they didn't in the aforementioned set are all new songs.
No Belphegor is a total letdown, though. If my friend's band wasn't opening the show, I'd just show up for Deicide.
also... NOTHING FROM SERPENTS OF THE LIGHT? wtf guys....
I will be pleased if this is Deicide's set when they come to Phoenix.
[QUOTE=Malevolent Mike;339105]I will be pleased if this is Deicide's set when they come to Phoenix.[/QUOTE]
+1 :horns:
[QUOTE=Polock91;339103]also... NOTHING FROM SERPENTS OF THE LIGHT? wtf guys....[/QUOTE]
[QUOTE=Polock91;339102]NO LUNATIC OF GOD'S CREATION? .[/QUOTE]
i added Serpents and Lunatic
i forgot in my tired state to add them.
So did Deicide get an extended set in Belphegor's absence?
[QUOTE=AnataFan4Life;339122]So did Deicide get an extended set in Belphegor's absence?[/QUOTE]
not sure. the show ended at 11:30 when most shows don't end till after 12. it seems that the set was same regardless of Belphegor presence.
Ah, ok. Do you know what time Neuraxis started? I'm probably gonna show up late for my date.
|All times are GMT -8. The time now is 09:13 PM.
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text: Have It Your Way – Ian's Pic Of The Night By Ian July 9, 2012 7:00 PM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Doesn't Burger King say 'Have it your way'? I thought you weren't allowed to roll thru the drive thru without a car? Guess these two are some bosses! Reddit Filed Under: Ian's Photo Category: Comedy | Photos Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of Club 937 Recommended For You Best of the Web


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Petra and Wadi Rum! I don't need to sell anyone on it, right? There's already a well-established reason people go there. It's a world class combo destination. Throw in a dip in the Dead Sea, maybe the Roman ruins of … Continue reading
Category Archives: Jordan
Hello from Jordan! This is my third time here. My last visit was four years ago when I spent a week here and then a month in Syria just before it all went to hell. Almost nothing in Amman has … Continue reading
Above is a mural from a swank film library in Amman courtest of the government suddenly throwing money into developing a film industry. The guy running the bottom floor library studied engineering and has a side business in painting ostrich … Continue reading
Last century I was in Jordan and all my photos from my entire Middle East trip were destroyed at the airport when I flew out from Israel—I mean, occupied Palestine. I had a big argument with the staff and one … Continue reading
I was originally going to title this, "I Hate Traveling". After 28 hours of airports and airplanes, I was a little punchy after arriving in Amman, Jordan. I flew San Francisco-Los Angeles-London-Amman for $589 one way on United and bmi, … Continue reading
I'm contemplating where to stay when I go to Amman, Jordan next week to start my trip. My last time waaaaaay back in the 90's I stayed where everyone stayed, the Cliff Hotel. It's one of those places where you … Continue reading


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In regard to the costs of smoking, employers believed long-term medical costs were the most harmful to their business (66 percent).(1) Studies have shown, however, that smoking also incurs significant short-term medical and lost productivity costs through illnesses and smoke breaks, higher fire insurance rates and facility maintenance expenses.(2)
When asked to estimate an adult smoker's average excess medical costs to the employer, more than half responded that they don't know or estimated the cost at less than $1,000.(1)A 1999 study showed the economic burden of smoking to be approximately $1,623 in excess medical expenses per smoking employee,
plus an additional $1,760 in health-related productivity losses per smoking employee.(3)
Benefits Largely Not In Line with CDC Recommendations
Ninety-six percent of employers believe that providing all of the components of a smoking cessation benefit as outlined by the CDC, in partnership with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), would be beneficial, yet only two percent of employers offer their employees the comprehensive benefit.(1) The CDC recommends companies:
-- Cover at least four counseling sessions of at least 30 minutes each,
including telephone and individual counseling sessions
-- Cover both prescription medication and over-the-counter nicotine
replacement treatments
-- Provide counseling and medication coverage for at least two smoking
cessation attempts per year
-- Eliminate or minimize co-pays or deductibles for counseling and
|SOURCE National Business Group on Health
Copyright©2007 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


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In my town (pop 43,000) it is impossible to buy anything film related, with the exception of 35m consumer film. Fortunately, my work takes me to Winnipeg regularly (2.5 hours by car), and I can get everything I need there (120 film, chemicals, paper etc).
I also do a lot of business online and have had no problems with shipping etc.
There is a core of 8-10 people in my community who are avid film shooters. The local camera club is all digital and mostly made up of gizmo chasers who recycle vast amounts of plastic each year searching for the next magic bullet. Personally I don't have a problem with digital images, and use a digigizmo myself on occasion. Just don't call the product a "photograph"
I have a penchant for buying older rangefinders, tlr's and Polaroids, and am currently looking for a 6x9 folder. As someone on APUG says regularly, "I just like film best".


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Comment guidelines: Please be respectful to other people when making comments on this page. Bullying and abuse will not be tolerated and may result in your account being banned. Due to feedback from our user community, comments are now only available to registered users.
Anna Karenina is a 2012 British epic romantic drama film directed by Joe Wright. Adapted by Tom Stoppard from Leo Tolstoy's 1877 novel of the same name, the film depicts the tragedy of Russian aristocrat and socialite Anna Karenina, wife of senior statesman Alexei Karenin, and her affair with the affluent officer Count Vronsky which leads to her ultimate demise. Keira Knightley stars in the lead role as Karenina, marking her third collaboration with Wright following both Pride & Prejudice (2005) and Atonement (2007), while Jude Law and Aaron Taylor-Johnson appear as Karenin and Vronsky, respectively. Matthew Macfadyen, Kelly Macdonald, Domhnall Gleeson and Alicia Vikander appear in key supporting roles.
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German spy dies in Turkish raids on PKK bases: report (The PKK, which is designated a terrorist organization by Turkey, the EU, and the US ??)
This period of increased PKK propaganda, I need to make this sharing for remembering what is terrorism and what is hypocrisy.. (All of the these dead children of Kurdish village guards who fi
By: Realist82 | Comments: 36 | Views: 27699 | Votes: 5 | Shared: 0
Location: Turkey | Leaked: Aug-28-2015 in Other News
Imprisoned Pastor Faces Death Penalty for Leaving Islam...
TEHRAN, IRAN (Worthy News)-- The wife of a prominent evangelical pastor in Iran was free Monday, October 18, after four months of detention, but her husband still faced the death penalty for abandonin
By: Muhammad_ibn_Abdullah | Comments: 20 | Views: 10377 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Oct-19-2010 in Iran, News
Christian Faces Death Penalty for Leaving Islam...
From Matiullah Mati for CNN: An Afghan Christian, detained for months for allegedly converting to Christianity from Islam, could face trial as early as next week - and could face a potential death
By: Muhammad_ibn_Abdullah | Comments: 19 | Views: 10021 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Nov-23-2010 in Afghanistan, Middle East
Christian Convert faces death for converting from Islam, yet Muslims are free to proselytize.
Westerners are converting to Islam because of dawah or proselytizing, but they never learn the true nature of Islam. Many of them don't even know Arabic. What these converts, called reverts, don't
By: GroundZeroMosque | Comments: 43 | Views: 7039 | Votes: 2 | Shared: 0
Location: Beverly Hills, California, United States | Leaked: Sep-30-2011 in Religion
Teenage Girl Tortured and Shot Dead for Leaving Islam – by Her Parents
NAIROBI, Kenya, December 3 (CDN) — A 17-year-old girl in Somalia who converted to Christianity from Islam was shot to death last week in an apparent "honor killing," area sources said. Nurta
By: Muhammad_ibn_Abdullah | Comments: 26 | Views: 9169 | Votes: 2 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Dec-5-2010 in Other
Iran Holds Women In Notorious Prison For Leaving islam...
TEHRAN, IRAN (BosNewsLife)-- As the world focuses on the political turmoil in Iran, two detained Christian women are "in danger of being forgotten" amid concerns they may face execution, Iranian Chris
By: THE_HAMMER_OF_POITIERS | Comments: 38 | Views: 10438 | Votes: 2 | Shared: 2
Leaked: Jul-8-2009 in Iran, Middle East
Death Penalty for Apostate Mullah Zakir Naik
- Mullah Zakir Naik also justify Apostasy of Islam! Leaving Islam: http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=24d_1210182468 We left Islam: http://www.apostatesofislam.com/ http://www.ex-muslim.org.uk/
By: stephanie5 | Comments: 14 | Views: 11072 | Votes: 2 | Shared: 2
Leaked: May-7-2008 in Other
Muslim Cleric Is Proud Islam Kills Apostates
He admits his weak and insecure "religion" would not exist today if there were no death penalty for those leaving Islam. Muslims threaten to kill anyone who leaves the faith and then proudly boasts ab
By: DMartyr | Comments: 20 | Views: 843 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Feb-2-2013 in Religion
Iran mulls death penalty for Internet crimes
TEHERAN - Iran's parliament is set to debate a draft bill which could see the death penalty used for those deemed to promote corruption, prostitution and apostasy on the Internet, reports said on Wedn
By: PiRaTeCoPy | Comments: 39 | Views: 7427 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Jul-7-2008 in Iran, Middle East
Cleric Vows to Kill Anyone Leaving Islam...
The leader of the religious Adhaalath party scholars� council has said he advocates the death penalty for those who convert from Islam to another religion, as well as amputation of hands for certain t
By: Charles_Martel | Comments: 27 | Views: 7650 | Votes: 1 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Jun-14-2008 in Other
Fox News Channel's "Kelly File" host Megyn Kelly grilled Hassan Shilby, the Chief Executive Director of the Florida branch of the Council on American-Islamic Relations, about radical Islam and P
By: cajunmojo | Comments: 75 | Views: 2705 | Votes: 9 | Shared: 0
Location: United States | Leaked: Sep-12-2014 in Other News, Politics
Iran court convicts Christian pastor convert to death
A Christian pastor who converted from Islam is to be put to death for leaving Islam following the ruling of an Iranian court, it was reported today. Youcef Nadarkhani, 34, was arrested more than t
By: Kafirindareelharb | Comments: 7 | Views: 5676 | Votes: 1 | Shared: 0
Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States | Leaked: Feb-23-2012 in Other
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Picture of Brownies
Savory Sight: Brownie Squares
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Oh my chocolate! Reader laurena-botanica uploaded this picture of fudgy brownies to the Savory Sights group in the YumSugar Community. Do you have an image of something delicious that you recently made or enjoyed? Upload it!
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Mimikins 5 years
These brownies look decadent!
lauren 5 years
skigurl, I agree with you brownies don't need frosting! They are delicious all on their own!
skigurl 5 years
mmmm..I am always happy to keep my brownies unfrosted but my boyfriend always wants me to put frosting on them, so my brownies would never look like this :(
Angelica 5 years
My goodness these look delish!
evonderweid 5 years
looks tasty
Community-Manager 5 years
Oh WOW, those look delicious!


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SurvivalLife is giving out 2mm thick snap-open credit card knifes for free, plus $2.95 shipping and handling. These things are obviously not designed for heavy or abusive use, but it's a nice little tool for the price. Free Credit Card Knife
Folding Credit Card Knife for Free, plus $2.95 Shipping!
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This link is broken; it takes you to some sort of second amendment propaganda page that tries to sell you a book on making your own ammunition, etc.
This ad says free knife for only $2.95 shipping and handling but page to enter my info. it shows shipping @ $4.95????????????.
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Richard Simmons Live From New Orleans On 'Ellen', Gets Nailed In Face With Beads [Hilarious VIDEO]
Mardi Gras 2009, Richard Simmons was reporting live on 'Ellen' and during the live broadcast someone almost took him out with beads to the head.
Mardi Gras 2009, Richard Simmons was reporting live on 'Ellen' and during the live broadcast someone almost took him out with beads to the head.
Lundi Gras 2015 brought rain, wind & cold, with the forecast calling for freezing temperatures overnight. In an effort to avoid last year's fiasco, our engineer, Matt Gholston and I did our best to cover the float with a tarp in the wind & rain
Virtually every business in Lafayette will be closed for Fat Tuesday, except restaurants, bars & convenience stores. That includes the offices of Townsquare Media.
This organist at St. Philip Catholic Church in Vacherie was able to slip in some Mardi Gras music during services over the weekend.
Here at KTDY, we've been keeping a close eye on the forecast for Monday Lundi Gras and Mardi Gras Day. After taking into consideration information from websites and credible meterologists in the area, we've put together a forecast that we believe can be engraved in stone for Mardi Gras 2015.
Our friends at Borderlines Food and Travel have written an outstanding overview of what Mardi Gras is like here in Acadiana.
Well, it seems like the 2015 Mardi Gras season has flown by! I told myself I'd hang my flag on 12th night. (Jan. 6th) Here we are, just 4 days left, and I haven't gotten around to it...
Paved parking will be available for $10 per vehicle, starting at 8am on Saturday, Sunday and Tuesday and at 4pm on Monday for $10 per vehicle.
Here are a few pictures of floats waiting in the line-up for the Carencro Mardi Gras Association's parade on Saturday.
If you've never been to Apollo, it is quite a spectacle: beautiful gowns, incredible headdresses, well-choreographed dance routines, and a few thousand people bent on having a fabulous time!
Kick off the weekend with JB Saax and the Band as they jazz up classic love songs on Friday night at The District, then choose from a variety parades to get your carnival season fix!
The Lafayette Consolidated Government Public Works Department has released a full schedule of its Mardi Gras preparation and parade route information.


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Usher's Stepson, Kile Glover, to Be Laid to Rest Friday
- Photo: KADENA/Bauer-Griffin1 of 11
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- Photo: Jae C. Hong/Invision/AP6 of 11
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Usher and his loved ones are preparing to say their final goodbyes to 11-year-old Kile Glover.
Glover, one of the R&B singer's stepsons (with ex-wife Tameka Foster), was taken off life support last weekend after a personal watercraft accident on July 6 that left Glover brain-dead.
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reports that the funeral will take place at the Wieuca Road Baptist Church in Atlanta at 11 a.m. Friday.
"We know God's in control and are leaning on our faith in Him and His word at this most difficult time," the family said in a statement just after Glover's accident. (A 15-year-old girl was also injured in the accident, though she's expected to make a full recovery.)
PHOTOS: Stars we've lost in 2012
Earlier this week, TMZ reported that the investigation into the driver of the watercraft, family friend Jeffrey Hubbard, was ongoing, though charges have yet to be pressed against him.
Usher's Stepson Kile Glover, 11, Passes Away
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[warning - WordPress is not very math/chem friendly so forgive formatting]
Michael Kohlhase and I are trying to come up with a synthesis of MathML and CML for representing the numerical aspects fo chemistry. By chance we have started with reaction rates - mainly because I found a thesis which is well suited for markup. It contained the equation:
rgas = k0·[Ester]+kKat·[Ester·Kat]
(actually it contained it in PDF which didn't transcribe but this is the essence.) So how do we encode it in MathML and CML.
At one level - presentational - its quite easy. MathML has symbols for all the symbols above and you simply pick them. They will allow pretty typesetting (which is important). The problem is that they don't mean anything. What does "+" mean? it's obvious to a chemist - we add two quantities. But to a mathematician it can mean lots of things. And, now you think of it, it also means several things to a chemist - such as a positive charge. Well it obviously doesn't mean that here, does it? Could it be a positively charged Ester? Not really beacuse it's not a superscript and because Esters aren't usually charged and because additional make more sense. But these are chemical judgments. Chemists make them easily. Mathematicians might not.
Then there is the "·" - not a period/fullstop, but "middot" a midheight dot. What does it mean? Well it's obvious to a mathematician that it could mean multiply. So we have three multiplications and we could use the MathML "times" construct. But hang on - Ester times kat doesn't make chemical sense. Here is means "reaction complex" of Ester and Kat (I told you the thesis was in German and this is an abbreviation for Katalyst - catalyst in English). So the symbols by themselves are meaningless to a non-domain expert. And, unfortunately, our chemical journal-eating robots are not yet very expert in equations.
Take a minute to think about how your would explain the complete chemistry in this equation to a mathematician and how you would explain the complete mathematics to a chemist.
You've probably come up with something reasonable. But now try to explain it to a machine. That's what we have to do in Content-MathML and CML.
Michael has come up with the following semantic maths expression (I hope WordPress preserves it)
(no it didn't)
Try again...
<math class="display">
<csymbol cd="foundations" name="rgas"/>
<csymbol cd="constants" name="O"/>
<apply xml:id="esterconst">
<csymbol cd="foundations" name="squarebrackets"/>
<csymbol cd="cml" name="Ester"/>
<csymbol cd="rateconstants" name="Kat"/>
<csymbol cd="foundations" name="squarebrackets"/>
<csymbol cd="cml" name="Ester"/>
<csymbol cd;"cml" name="middot"/>
<csymbol cd="cml" name="Katstar"/>
(this is about as pretty as it gets>
So this has captured the semantic of the maths, but none of the chemistry. It states (roughly) that you multiply something by something and add it to something times something.
The "cd" are OM content dictionaries - you can look up the meaning (and the semantics) of the object in a dictionary. So we could find out what rgas means in the foundations dictionary. Of course we still have to write the dictionary entry - and that isn't easy - it's the sort of thing that Andrew Walkingshaw has been developing Golem to help with. But we make progress.
The content MathML is a big advance - a machine could evaluate the expression if it know what the somethings were. That's where chemistry comes in. And, be warned, if you want a machine to evaluate the chemistry in the above equation it may be harder than it looks. To start you off, here is Wikipedia's version of the rate equation (and if you don't agree, please update WP, that's how it works)...
Formal definition of reaction rate
According to IUPAC's Gold Book definition[1] the reaction rate v (also r or R) for the general chemical reaction aA + bB → pP + qQ, occurring in a closed system under constant-volume conditions, without a build-up of reaction intermediates, is defined as:ccv
The IUPAC[1] recommends that the unit of time should always be the second. In such a case the rate of reaction differs from the rate of increase of concentration of a product P by a constant factor (the reciprocal of its stoichiometric number) and for a reactant A by minus the reciprocal of the stoichiometric number. Reaction rate usually has the units of mol dm-3 s-1. It is important to bear in mind that the previous definition is only valid for a single reaction, in a closed system of constant volume.
First-order reactions
A first-order reaction depends on the concentration of only one reactant (a unimolecular reaction). Other reactants can be present, but each will be zero-order. The rate law for a first-order reaction is
k is the first order rate constant that has units of 1/time
If, and only if, this first-order reaction 1) occurs in a closed system, 2) there is no net build-up of intermediates and 3) there are no other reactions occurring, it can be shown by solving a mass balance for the system that
where a is the stoichiometric coefficient of the species A.
The integrated first-order rate law is
That's enough for me to post at present. Have you thought of everything? (I personally forgot the multiplier "a" in the last equation - it's easy to do).


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text:
Gingivitis has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcome (APO). Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been associated with APO. We assessed if bacterial counts in BV is associated with gingivitis suggesting a systemic infectious susceptibilty.
Vaginal samples were collected from 180 women (mean age 29.4 years, SD ± 6.8, range: 18 to 46), and at least six months after delivery, and assessed by semi-quantitative DNA-DNA checkerboard hybridization assay (74 bacterial species). BV was defined by Gram stain (Nugent criteria). Gingivitis was defined as bleeding on probing at ≥ 20% of tooth sites.
A Nugent score of 0–3 (normal vaginal microflora) was found in 83 women (46.1%), and a score of > 7 (BV) in 49 women (27.2%). Gingivitis was diagnosed in 114 women (63.3%). Women with a diagnosis of BV were more likely to have gingivitis (p = 0.01). Independent of gingival conditions, vaginal bacterial counts were higher (p < 0.001) for 38/74 species in BV+ in comparison to BV- women. Counts of four lactobacilli species were higher in BV- women (p < 0.001). Independent of BV diagnosis, women with gingivitis had higher counts of Prevotella bivia (p < 0.001), and Prevotella disiens (p < 0.001). P. bivia, P. disiens, M. curtisii and M. mulieris (all at the p < 0.01 level) were found at higher levels in the BV+/G+ group than in the BV+/G- group. The sum of bacterial load (74 species) was higher in the BV+/G+ group than in the BV+/G- group (p < 0.05). The highest odds ratio for the presence of bacteria in vaginal samples (> 1.0 × 104 cells) and a diagnosis of gingivitis was 3.9 for P. bivia (95% CI 1.5–5.7, p < 0.001) and 3.6 for P. disiens (95%CI: 1.8–7.5, p < 0.001), and a diagnosis of BV for P. bivia (odds ratio: 5.3, 95%CI: 2.6 to 10.4, p < 0.001) and P. disiens (odds ratio: 4.4, 95% CI: 2.2 to 8.8, p < 0.001).
Higher vaginal bacterial counts can be found in women with BV and gingivitis in comparison to women with BV but not gingivitis. P. bivia and P. disiens may be of specific significance in a relationship between vaginal and gingival infections.
Adverse preterm outcomes occur in approximately 10% of all pregnancies [1]. It remains a major source of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of periodontitis in women of childbearing age is unknown. Gingivitis is a reversible inflammatory condition of keratinized and non-keratinized gum tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontitis is a non-reversible inflammatory condition that also includes loss of alveolar bone and other tooth supporting structures. Infection with a diverse microflora is the etiology of both these conditions. The association between gingivitis or periodontitis and an increased risk of preterm birth remains a matter of dispute. Several recent studies support the hypothesis that periodontal infectious disease is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes [2-8]. One hypothesized mechanism is that inflammation may upregulate the inflammatory response in anatomically distinct locations such as the uterus and the amniotic cavity [7-9].
Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition characterized by decreased vaginal lactobacilli and increased anaerobic bacteria, has been associated with an increased risk of preterm birth [10,11]. The abnormal microflora typical of BV overlaps considerably with bacterial species known to be associated with periodontal disease. For example, Prevotella bivia and Porphyromonas sp. have been associated with BV [12], whereas Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis have been associated with periodontal disease [13,14]. Higher counts of colony forming units of P. gingivalis in subgingival samples have also been observed in women who subsequently delivered prematurely [8,15]. Despite such findings, the biological relationship between oral and vaginal infections has not been extensively studied.
The purpose of the present study was to characterize the bacterial species in vaginal samples from women of childbearing age in relation to clinical evidence of gingival inflammation (gingivitis) and bacterial vaginosis. We hypothesized that the vaginal microflora differed between women with or without overt clinical evidence of gingivitis. We also hypothesized a co-occurrence of BV and gingivitis.
The Human Research Review Board of the Washington State Department of Health approved the study. All subjects signed informed written consent as required by the IRB. The study cohort included parous women with no known systemic disease, who were recruited based on a previous history of early preterm delivery (20–34 weeks gestation) or term delivery (≥ 37 weeks gestation). A preterm birth occurred among 17 (9.2%) of the women participating in the present study. All women had delivered at least 6 months prior to study entry and microbiological sampling.
The women had a gynecological examination with collection of vaginal by insertion of a Dacron swab into the vaginal vault. One swab was used to prepare an air-dried slide for Gram stain for BV diagnosis according to the Nugent criteria [11]. A second swab tip was placed in a cryovial eluted in 0.9 ml phosphate buffered saline and stored at -80°C until transported on dry ice by express courier to the Oral Microbiology Laboratory at the University of Berne, Switzerland, for analysis of microbial content.
Women also had a standard periodontal examination at the Regional Clinical Dental Research Center (RCDRC), School of Dentistry at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Gingivitis was defined as having ≥ 20% of gingival sites surfaces (six examined per tooth) with bleeding on probing (BOP). This cutoff level is considered a useful criterion to establish gingivitis and is used as a basic principle in the standard practice of periodontal care. Clinical probing pocket depths around all teeth and intra-oral radiographs were also assessed to define if the women also had a diagnosis of periodontitis (alveolar bone loss and evidence of increased probing pocket depth/clinical attachment loss).
A total of 180 women who had given birth at least six months prior to enrollment were included in this analysis. Their mean age was 29.4 years (SD ± 6.8, range: 18 to 46). The racial groups were as follows: 60 Caucasians (32.6%), 82 African-Americans (44.6%), 9 Native Americans (4.9%), and 33 of other races (17.9%).
Microbiological processing
At the microbiology laboratory, 300 μl Tris EDTA buffer (10 mM Tris-HCL, 1.0 mM EDTA, pH 7.6) was added to each vial with a vaginal swab, allowed to stand for 10 minutes, and was then sonicated for 10 seconds. Subsequently, 200 μl of freshly made 0.5 M NaOH was added to each vial and the swab was removed before freezing the sample. Samples were then processed within three months. Before processing, the samples were diluted fourfold with Tris EDTA buffer and aliquoted into two vials. These were processed by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method as described in detail elsewhere [16-19]. DNA probes used in the checkerboard DNA-DNA format provide a useful tool for the enumeration of bacterial species in microbiologically complex systems [17]. One vial was used to check for the presence of the species of which probes were present on the first panel, the other vial for the species of the second panel (Table 1). The information was digitized and analyzed by the software program ImageQuant (Amersham Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) allowing comparison of signal intensities against standard lanes containing DNA extracted from 105 and 106 bacterial cells in the appropriate checkerboard slot for all species. Routine laboratory assessment of the reproducibility suggested a very high level of reliability varying within species by 1–2%. Signals were converted to semi-quantitative counts by comparison with these standards. For dichotomous analysis of the data, a signal strength of ≥ 1 × 104 bacterial cells was considered as positive. The species that were studied are listed in Table 1. The species listed in Panel 1 are commonly assessed by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method in studies of bacteria associated with periodontitis [19,20]. These were either part of the original microbiological laboratory library of species [19,20] or had been provided by the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Ghent, Belgium (UGent). Some species or DNA had been purchased from LGC Promochem, Molsheim, France. The identification of species from the University of Ghent has been described elsewhere [21-24]. Thus the bacteria listed in Panel 2 are commonly assessed in studies of BV.
Table 1. Bacterial species and subspecies included in the DNA-DNA checkerboard assay
Statistical methods
We used One-way ANOVA (Bonferonni post-hoc test) and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests, and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA to assess differences in the quantity of each bacterial species by defined group. Adjustment for multiple comparisons was made and a statistically significant difference was defined by p < 0.001. P-values < 0.01 and < 0.05 were considered as trends of difference. Mantel-Haenszel common odds ratios, sensitivity, and specificity estimations were calculated in order to assess the predictive utility of each vaginal bacterial species in diagnosing gingivitis. The SPSS statistical software 16.0 for MAC OS X was used for the analysis (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).
A Nugent score of 0–3, considered as indicative for normal vaginal microflora without signs of inflammation, was found in 83 women (46.1%), and a score of > 7, i.e. clear BV was present in 49 women (27.2%). A total of 38 women (21.1%) had both BV and gingivitis, 54 (30.0%) showed no evidence of either BV or gingivitis, 17 (9.4%) had BV but not gingivitis, and 71 (39.4%) had gingivitis but not BV. Women with a diagnosis of BV had a higher proportion of tooth surfaces with evidence of gingivitis (p = 0.007).
The vaginal microflora of women in relation to a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, and independent of gingival conditions
The bacterial species assessed are identified in Table 1. The presence of streptococci, staphylococci and enterococci studied did not differ by BV status. In vaginal samples from women with BV, but independent of gingival status significantly higher bacterial loads (p < 0.001) were observed for the following 38/74 species: A. actinomycetemcomitans (Y4,), A. israelii, A. naeslundi, A. neuii, A. odontolyticus, A. christensenii, B. biavatii, B. longum, B. ureolyticus, C. gingivalis, C. aurimucosum, C. ochraceae, C. sputigena, C. gracilis, C. rectus, C. showae, E. coli, E. corrodens, F. nucl. naviforme, F. nucl. nucleatum, F. nucl. polymorphum, F. periodonticum, H. influenzae, M. curtisii, M. mulieris, P. micra, P. gingivalis, P. bivia, P. disiens, P. intermedia, P. melaninogenica, P. nigrescens, P. acnes, P. aeruginosa, T. forsythia, S. noxia, T. socranskii and V. cambriense. However , L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. iners, and L. vaginalis were found at higher counts at sites without BV (p < 0.001).
The relationship between the vaginal microflora and gingivitis
Significantly higher vaginal bacterial counts (p < 0.001) were found for 49/74 species (23 from panel 1 and 26 from panel 2) in BV+ women with a concurrent diagnosis of gingivitis as compared to women who neither had BV nor gingivitis. At the p < 0.001 level this included in addition to those reported above the following species: A. vaginae, B. brevis, C. nigricans, Dialister sp., E. saburreum, L. buccalis, N. mucosa, Petoniphilus sp., P. nigrescens, P. anaerobius, and V. parvula.
Table 2 presents the prevalence rates of bacterial species collected from vaginal samples at the > 1 × 104 detection level demonstrating statistically significant differences by gingival status but independent of BV diagnosis. For 2 of the 74 species tested, P. bivia and P. disiens, higher bacterial counts were observed in subjects with gingivitis (Mann-Whitney U-test, p < 0.001). Trends of differences at the p < 0.01 level were also observed for B. ureolyticus, M. curtisii, M. mulieris, and P. aeruginosa, as well as at the p < 0.05 for G. vaginalis, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, and V. cambriense. The sensitivity, specificity and odds ratio characteristics of the predictive values for the 6 species with statistically significant odds distinguishing gingival status are presented in Table 3. The remaining 4 species identified in Table 2 failed to qualify. Thus, when P. bivia was present in the vaginal samples, the odds ratio for gingivitis was 3.9 (95% CI 1.5–5.7, p < 0.001). When P. disiens was present in the vaginal samples, the odds ratio for a diagnosis of gingivitis was 3.6 (95%CI: 1.8–7.5, p < 0.001). The corresponding odds ratio for a diagnosis of BV was 5.3 for P. bivia (95%CI: 2.6 to 10.4, p < 0.001) and 4.4 for P. disiens (95% CI: 2.2 to 8.8, p < 0.001).
Table 2. Prevalence of vaginal bacterial species (cut off level: > 1 × 104 cells) for which a significant difference was observed by gingivitis status
Table 3. The predictive value of the presence (cut off level: 1 × 104 cells) of P. bivia, P. disiens, M. curtisii, M. mulieris, B. ureolyticus, and V. cambriense in vaginal samples for the diagnosis of gingivitis (20% cutoff level)
Differences in bacterial levels by differentiation between subjects with any of four BV and gingivitis diagnostic combinations
The distributions of P. bivia and P. disiens in vaginal samples for the four different populations according to combination of vaginal and gingival microflora (BV+/G+, BV-/G-, BV+/G- and BV-/G+) are presented in a boxplot diagram (Figure 1). Analysis by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA identified differences in bacterial levels at the p < 0.001 level by the combined vaginal and periodontal diagnostic criteria for 49/74 species identified in vaginal samples between BV+/G+ and BV-/G- women and at the p < 0.001 level for the following species: A. actinomycetemcomitans (serotype Y4), A. actinomycetemcomitans (serotype b), A. israelii, A. naeslundii, A. neuii, A. christensenii, A. vaginae, A. odontolyticus, B. ureolyticus, B. biavatii, B. breve, B. longum, C. nigricans, C. aurimucosum, C. gingivalis, C. gracilis, C. ochracea, C. rectus, C. showae, Dialister sp. E. coli, E. corrodens, E. saburreum, F. nucl. nucleatum, F. nucl. polymorphum, F. nucl. naviforme, F. periodonticum, H. influenzae, L. buccalis, M. curtisii, M. mulieris, Peptoniphilus sp., N. mucosa, P. aeruginosa, P. micra, P. anaerobius, P. mirabilis, P. bivia, P. disiens, P. intermedia, P. melaninogenica, P. nigrescens, P. gingivalis, P. acnes, S. noxia, T. forsythia, T. socranskii, V. cambriense, and V. parvula.
Figure 1. Boxplot diagram demonstrating differences in vaginal load for P. bivia and P. disiens by combined diagnostic criteria (Bacterial vaginosis neg and gingivitis neg (BV-/G-), Bacterial vaginosis pos. and Gingivitis pos. (BV+/G+), Bacterial vaginosis pos. and Gingivitis neg. (BV+/G-), and Bacterial vaginosis neg. and Gingivitis pos. (BV-/G+). (* = extreme outliers, ° = outlier values).
Specifically, higher counts in vaginal samples were found in women in the BV+/G+ group in comparison to the BV+/G- group for P. bivia, P. disiens, M. curtisii, and M. mulieris (all at the p < 0.01 level). Further analysis demonstrated that the sum of bacterial load including all 74 species studies was higher in the BV+/G+ group than in the BV+/G- group (p < 0.05), but was also higher than in separate comparisons with the two other possible diagnostic combinations (p < 0.01).
The checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method has been demonstrated to be useful in studies of changes in vaginal microflora during pregnancy [25,26]. Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization is also commonly used in studies on the oral microflora [i.e. [13,14,16-18,20]], and has also been used to assess the microflora in synovial fluid of subjects with rheumatoid arthritis [27]. Studies of the bacterial colonization of the oral cavity have shown that Actinomyces sp. [28], Fusobacterium spp. [29], Prevotella sp. [30], Capnocytophaga sp. [31] and T. forsythia [32] are associated with gingivitis.
In accordance with the study by Boggess et al. [25], who also using DNA-DNA hybridization in the assessment of vaginal species the present study identified that B. ureolyticus and M. curtisii were commonly found in vaginal samples. We also indentified that, in women with BV and gingivitis and in comparison with those with BV but not gingivitis, the vaginal samples demonstrated significantly higher counts of bacteria commonly associated with periodontal disease including: A. actinomycetemcomitans (Y4), Fusobacterium sp., P. micra, P. intermeda P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia. The role of these bacteria as potential infectious etiological factors in adverse pregnancy outcomes in the context of oral/gingival infection needs to be further explored as also indicated by others [8,15]. The fact that some bacterial species were found at higher counts in the vaginal samples of women with BV and gingivitis than among those only with BV may be an important observation suggesting that having gingivitis has an impact on the bacterial load in women with BV.
The prevalence of gingivitis in our study population (62%) was higher than the gingivitis prevalence of 48% reported in NHANES III (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) [33]. This may be explained by the ethnic distribution and inclusion of many women with low socio-economic status [34]. Studies that have associated periodontal disease with a risk of preterm birth have used a variety of periodontal diagnostic criteria against which the risk of preterm birth has been considered. One of the problems is that periodontitis usually does not present with unequivocal clinical evidence of disease until subjects are at about age 40. Gingivitis is common in younger age groups. The inflammatory response in gingivitis is primarily a cellular immune response [35]. Data from one study suggest that treatment of gingivitis in pregnant women significantly reduced the risk of preterm birth [36]. Due to the fact that only 17 of the women with a high risk for a preterm birth complication in the present study delivered preterm, a statistical analysis of the data based on delivery status was not performed.
This is the first study to demonstrate a link between vaginal bacteria and gingivitis. Others have suggested that the hematogenous route allows the spread of opportunistic pathogens from one location to another [35]. It is also plausible that opportunistic bacteria take advantage of host specific factors and colonize wherever growth conditions are suitable. The oral and vaginal environments may provide such similar colonization and growth conditions in a susceptible host. Further studies are warranted to explore the relationship between oral and vaginal microflora and infections. Further studies are warranted to explore the relationship between the oral and vaginal infection patterns and how this may explain why periodontal disease (including gingivitis) may be a potential adjunct cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes [2-8,15,36].
In a recent periodontal intervention study of pregnant women with periodontitis, the data failed to demonstrate that periodontal intervention had an impact on pregnancy outcomes [37]. Treatment was also restricted to mechanical subgingival debridement and may not have affected bacterial presence in relation to persistent gingivitis, or reduced gingivitis to levels < 20% used as criteria in the present study. Although the survival rate of premature neonates has improved greatly in developed countries, the prevalence of preterm birth rates have not declined and various intervention studies to control for BV and other risk factors have not been successful [38]. Thus, significantly reducing preterm births may require a broader approach to care not limited to vaginal conditions but also include oral infections such as gingivitis.
• Women with a diagnosis of BV have a higher proportion of tooth surfaces with evidence of gingivitis
• Women with BV and gingivitis and in comparison to those without BV and gingivitis have higher vaginal bacterial counts including bacteria commonly associated with both BV periodontal disease than women with BV but without a diagnosis of gingivitis
• P. bivia, and P. disiens, may be of importance in women with both BV and gingivitis.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
GRP, JH, DE, MV, MT and RV designed the study. MR collected clinical dental data and JH was in charge of medical examinations. REP analyzed the radiographs and defined the periodontal diagnosis. KP coordinated the study and established the clinical database (medical and dental). MW and RH processed the microbiological material and developed the probes. RV, MT and MV provided and confirmed the accuracy of the bacteria. GRP was responsible for the data analysis. All co-authors contributed to the preparation of the manuscript.
The Clinical Research Foundation (CRF) at the University of Bern, Switzerland, the Foundation for Scientific Research (FWO), Flanders, Belgium (G.01.79.04), and the National Institutes of Health (HD-41682) and the NIDCR grant P30 DEO 9743 funded the study.
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Urban E, Radnai M, Novak T, Gorzo I, Pal A, Nagy E: Distribution of anaerobic bacteria among pregnant periodontitis patients who experience preterm delivery.
Anaerobe 2006, 12:52-57. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Socransky SS, Smith C, Martin L, Paster BJ, Dewhirst FE, Levin AE: "Checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization.
Biotechniques 1994, 17:788-792. PubMed Abstract
Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Smith C: Use of checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization to study complex microbial ecosystems.
Oral Microbiol & Immunol 2004, 9:352-362. Publisher Full Text
Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Smith C: Use of checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization to study complex microbial ecosystems.
Oral Microbiol & Immunol 2004, 9:352-362. Publisher Full Text
Katsoulis J, Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Weibel M, Hirschi R, Lang NP, Persson GR: Impact of sample storage on detection of periodontal bacteria.
Oral Microbiol & Immunol 2005, 20:128-130. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Agerbaek MR, Lang NP, Persson GR: Microbiological composition associated with interleukin-1 gene polymorphism in subjects undergoing supportive periodontal therapy.
J Periodontol 2006, 77:1397-1402. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Verhelst R, Verstraelen H, Claeys G, Verschraegen G, Delanghe J, Van Simaey L, De Ganck C, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M: Cloning of 16S rRNA genes amplified from normal and disturbed vaginal microflora suggests a strong association between Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis.
BMC Microbiol 2004, 21(4):16. BioMed Central Full Text
Baele M, Baele P, Vaneechoutte M, Storms V, Butaye P, Devriese LA, Verschraegen G, Gillis M, Haesebrouck F: Application of tRNA intergenic spacer PCR for identification of Enterococcus species.
J Clin Microbiol 2000, 38:4201-4207. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Verhelst R, Verstraelen H, Claeys G, Verschraegen G, Van Simaey L, De Ganck C, De Backer E, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M: Comparison between Gram stain and culture for the characterization of vaginal microflora: definition of a distinct grade that resembles grade I microflora and revised categorization of grade I microflora.
BMC Microbiol 2005, 14(5):61. BioMed Central Full Text
Verstraelen H, Verhelst R, Claeys G, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M: Culture-independent analysis of vaginal microflora: the unrecognized association of Atopobium vaginae with bacterial vaginosis.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004, 191:1130-1132. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Boggess KA, Trevett TN, Madianos PN, Rabe L, Hillier SL, Beck J, Offenbacher S: Use of DNA hybridization to detect vaginal pathogens associated with bacterial vaginosis among asymptomatic pregnant women.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005, 193:752-756. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Skuldbol T, Johansen KH, Dahlen G, Stoltze K, Holmstrup P: Is pre-term labour associated with periodontitis in a Danish maternity ward?
J Clin Periodontol 2006, 33:177-183. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Moen K, Brun JG, Valen M, Skartveit L, Ribs Eribe EK, Olsen I, Jonsson R: Synovial inflammation in active rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis facilitates trapping of a variety of oral bacterial DNAs.
Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006, 24:656-663. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Syed SA, Loesche LW: Bacteriology of human experimental gingivitis: effect of plaque age.
Infect & Immun 1978, 21:821-829. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Moore WE, Holdeman LV, Smibert RM, Good IJ, Burmeister JA, Palcanis KG, Ranney RR: Bacteriology of experimental gingivitis in young adult humans.
Infect & Immun 1982, 38:651-667. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Torresyap G, Haffajee AD, Uzel NG, Socransky SS: Relationship between periodontal pocket sulfide levels and subgingival species.
J Clin Periodontol 2003, 30:1003-1010. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Mombelli A, Lang NP, Burgin WB, Gusberti FA: Microbial changes associated with the development of puberty gingivitis.
J Periodontal Res 1990, 25:331-338. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Benjasupattananan S, Lai CS, Persson GR, Pjetursson BE, Lang NP: Effect of a stannous fluoride dentifrice on the sulcular microbiota: a prospective cohort study in subjects with various levels of periodontal inflammation.
Oral Health Prev Dent 2005, 3:263-72. PubMed Abstract
Taichman LS, Eklund SA: Oral contraceptives and periodontal diseases: rethinking the association based upon analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey data.
J Periodontol 2005, 76:1374-1385. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Dye BA, Tan S, Smith V, Lewis BG, Barker LK, Thornton-Evans G, Eke PI, Beltrán-Aguilar ED, Horowitz AM, Li CH: Trends in oral health status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004.
Vital Health Stat 11 2007, 248:1-92. PubMed Abstract
Hill GB: Preterm birth: associations with genital and possibly oral microflora.
Ann Periodontol 1998, 3:222-232. PubMed Abstract
Lopez NJ, Da Silva I, Ipinza J, Gutierrez J: Periodontal therapy reduces the rate of preterm low birth weight in women with pregnancy-associated gingivitis.
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Michalowicz BS, Hodges JS, DiAngelis AJ, Lupo VR, Novak MJ, Ferguson JE, Buchanan W, Bofill J, Papapanou PN, Mitchell DA, Matseoane S, Tschida PA: Treatment of periodontal disease and the risk of preterm birth.
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Cannon goes on to provide chapter and verse about everything Biden got wrong, and quotes statements of his which if George W. Bush had made when he was President or which Palin made now, the media would be all over them. Cannon's critique of the media and how it evolved the partisan stance it now has in news reports- as distinct from editorial comments-approaches in its sharpness the kind of critique offered up till now only by Bernard Goldberg. It's good to have another former mainstream Washington reporter deciding to tell the truth.
Cannon, for examples, quotes an article by Newsweek editorialist Jonathan Alter, who wrote: "She is a far-right conservative who supported Pat Buchanan over Bush in 2000. She thinks global warming is a hoax and backs the teaching of creationism in public schools." Cannon retorts: "Actually, she did not support Buchanan, she questioned whether climate change is man-made (not whether it's occurring) and gave creationists the most minor of rhetorical nods – and never questioned the teaching of evolution in schools." And Alter is hardly, as Cannon shows, the most egregious of the journalists.
Cannon acknowledges that in the first debate, Palin made many sketchy comments and came out poorly. But he adds: "Sen. Biden, however, was in a place by himself when it came to bogus claims, absurd contentions, and flights of rhetorical fancy. He threw out several assertions that were so preposterous that – had Palin made them – they would have prompted immediate calls for McCain to dump her from the ticket." And, as you know, no such calls about Biden's inaccuracies and howlers ever took place. And you can read for yourself the many "alarming mistakes" Biden actually made , for which he suffered no negative consequences.
Here's one big Biden lie. Cannon quotes Biden: " 'The president…insisted on elections on the West Bank, when I said, and others said, and Barack Obama said, 'Big mistake. Hamas will win. You'll legitimize them.' What happened? Hamas won' Biden said. (Only the last two words of Biden's strange soliloquy are true. The rest are false. For one thing, Fatah controls the West Bank. Biden was thinking of Gaza. Secondly, neither Biden nor Obama predicted the 2006 victory for Hamas in Gaza's legislative elections. Third, McCain and Obama – but not Biden — signed a letter urging the president to pressure Palestinians to require that candidates adhere to democratic principles before being allowed to run for office. Fourth, Biden served as an election observer and later wrote an article expressing high praise for Bush's actions. To sum up: One factual error and three fibs in only 31 words. Pretty impressive, in its way."
Despite all this, today's Los Angeles Times reveals that Republican operatives and pundits, following Peggy Noonan's lead, are declaring open season on Sarah Palin. She's been called every name in the book, from train-wreck to quitter and much worse. Writer Mark Barabek calls this new anti-Palin campaign a "cruel sport." Given Palin's continuing popularity and a broad section of the public's enthusiasm for her, it is more than that. He suggests that the paradigm I mentioned at the start, that Palin can't win because swing voters and independents would always vote against her, is not necessarily the case. "No one knows where the future will take Palin," Barabek writes, "not even the governor herself."
With the barrage of attacks on her from Republican leaders and strategists, however, one thing looks pretty certain. Despite falling polls in states like Virginia and Ohio for Obama's performance, the chances of Republicans coming up with a winning strategy and candidate for national leadership in the future looks pretty slim. And Palin bashing is not going to help them turn things around.


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Pinpoint vs. Floodlight Content and Keyword Research Strategies - Whiteboard FridayBlog Post: July 24, 2015
Great post Rand!
I know you mentioned it without adding it to the whiteboard but I think it's key to analyse the columns around Search Intent in order to define how broad or narrow the page intent has to be. Combining the 2 whiteboard Fridays really provides a solid approach to structure an SEO programme. Yes it's a lot of work to begin with but once the structure of both Keywords Research and Intent mapping on the pages is clear, it's very logic and easy to guide the optimisation work and measure performance.


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Chili-Cheese Burgers Recipe
Instead of putting cheese on the top of burgers, I like to shred and mix into the meat when shaping the patties. This way, you'll be sure to get a little cheesy goodness in every bite. —Deb Williams, Peoria, Arizona
- 1/2 cup shredded cheddar cheese
- 6 tablespoons chili sauce, divided
- 1 tablespoon chili powder
- 1 pound ground beef
- 4 hamburger buns, split
- Lettuce leaves, tomato slices and mayonnaise, optional
- 1. In a large bowl, combine cheese, 2 tablespoons chili sauce and chili powder. Add beef; mix lightly but thoroughly. Shape into four 1/2-in.-thick patties.
- 2. Grill burgers, covered, over medium heat or broil 4 in. from heat 4-5 minutes on each side or until a thermometer reads 160°. Serve on buns with remaining chili sauce and, if desired, lettuce, tomato and mayonnaise. Yield: 4 servings.
Nutritional Facts
1 burger (calculated without lettuce and tomato) equals 404 calories, 19 g fat (9 g saturated fat), 85 mg cholesterol, 718 mg sodium, 29 g carbohydrate, 2 g fiber, 27 g protein.
Wine Pairings
Full-Bodied Red Wine
Enjoy this recipe with a full-bodied red wine such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot or Syrah.
© 2015 RDA Enthusiast Brands, LLC


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The west can no longer stand idle while the Russian bully wreaks havoc
David Clark: The clashes with Georgia follow years of aggressive Kremlin policy. Moscow needs to be told its G8 place is not unconditional
What I didn't do on holiday
Jon Canter: I'm wholly against forest fires, but I wasn't going to leave my lounger to fight one. Better the locals do it
Comment & debate p25
Relocation, relocation
Peter Preston: House prices are of little interest to a generation of mobile workers with no desire to put down roots
On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction
Oliver Tickell: We must stop pandering to special interests, and try a new, post-Kyoto strategy
New ways of doing
Yvonne Roberts: Social innovation is the new global obsession. It might be a nebulous idea but it has huge potential
Comment & debate p26
The engine that could
Andrew Martin: The return of steam trains, four decades on, might spark the revival of our beleaguered railways
For all the noise, there are barely any uber-Blairites left
John Harris: The champions of centrist Labour are increasingly a marginal force. If they so cherish choice, where is their leadership bid?
Comment & debate p27
Just visiting
David McKie: The $64,000 question: are cliches old hat? For me, the jury is still out


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"Queretaro" Top 5 Page for this destination Querétaro by alfredop
Querétaro Travel Guide: 108 reviews and 212 photos
Capital: Queretaro
Cities: San Juan del Rio, Tequisquiapan
Population: 1,134,000
Size: 11,796 km
Weather: There are 3 different climates in the state.
- South: Between 12 and 18 Celsius degrees as an average.
- Center: Between 7 and 25 Celsius degrees as an average.
- North: Between 14 and 28 Celsius degrees as an average.
Distance from Mexico City: 222 km, 2 hours by car aproximately.
Main airlines: Aeromar, Aerolitoral with flights from the main cities in Mexico, such as Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey.
Rainy seasons: From June to September.
Industrial activity focuses on the food processing (dairy products, canned fruit and vegetables, baby foods), chemical (fertilizers), and farm vehicle industries. Queretaro's proximity to Mexico City and an excellent road network facilitated the relocation of industry from the metropolitan area.
The municipalities in the vicinity of the city of Queretaro have all of the infrastructure to accomodate modern industrial plants.
Foreign companies, such as Kimberly Clark de Mexico, General Electric, Singer, Massey Ferguson, Gerber Products and Kellogg's de Mexico, among others have invested in the state.
The climate is generally dry and temperate and provides an excellent environment for agricultural products. Queretaro is well known for its vineyards, but avocados, peaches and apples are also cultivated. Major crops include corn, beans, sorghum, wheat, barley and alfalfa.
Queretaro has a wide variety of architectonic styes, from old colonial buildings to modern squares and finance centers, including a French style railroad station whish is now transformed into a nice group of restaurants and bars.
This variety is the result of Queretaro's history that has marked the city with such amazing monuments.
During XVII and XVIII centuries, Queretaro was transformed into one of the main cities within the New Spain because of it's economical development.
This caused the main haciendas to be transformed into luxury palaces owned by the richest men in Mexico. This can be observed nearby the main square within the city thanks to the well preserved buildings which generate an unforgettable atmosphere for all visitors transporting them back in time to that age.
Reviews (9)
Part of a restaurant chain that is available along Mexico at major cities. This restaurant sends out a young and... more travel advice
It is Querétaro a beautiful city where 74 archs of the Acueduct rise, erected by the iniciative of the Marqués de la... more travel advice
Built in 1756 in the heart of the colonial city of Querétaro as a private residence, La Casa de la Marquesa is an... more travel advice
It was the property of Tomas Lopez de Ecala y Baquedano, a mayor of Queretaro who refurbished the façade of his house... more travel advice
Travelogues (1)
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Comments (19)
Hola, great page of Mexico, keep up the good work.. and post more...Ciao
Feliz cumpleaños.....I love all Mexico pages. We are planning on retiring to Mexico. You live in an great country.
Hola Alfredo! Feliz cumpleaños desde Finlandia! Tu ciudad parece muy linda.
Very nice page! I would love to visit Mexico. Happy B-Day y saludos de FLorida =0) Priscila
This looks like a beautiful city. I love the picture you have of the "old haciendas".
Great page. I cannot wait.... I will be in Mexico in less than one month. Enjoy joy...
It was a good idea to add emergency #'s. I'll keep them handy, thanks. Also, I just wanted to comment that your home page is fabulous. Vero
Looks like a great place to visit. It's on my "to see" list when I return to Mexico!
Wow! Excellent and helpful information... Thanks
Nice introduction to your home town!
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Designed for large cats and small dogs
Larger in size than the cat flap making it ideal for large cats, such as Maine Coons and small dogs, such as terriers.
+ free GB Delivery
watch video
As an animal approaches the pet door, it scans and recognises your pet's identification microchip or RFID collar tag, only opening for them. The curfew timer allows you to automatically lock and unlock the door at specific times of the day or night.
Designed for large cats and small dogs
Selective entry - any animal can exit
Curfew mode - program the door to lock and unlock at specified times
Prevents intruder animals entering your home
Compatible with all identification microchips worldwide & SureFlap RFID collar tags - Compatibility checker
Up to 12 months battery life (4 x C cell batteries not included)
Includes 1 RFID collar tag (additional tags sold separately)
Manual lock to stop your pet leaving or entering the house
Can be installed into doors, glass and walls
Enrich your pet's life and protect your home
Enjoy a lie in - the curfew mode uses an electronic lock that will open the pet door in the morning so you don't have to!
Enrich your pet's life by providing access to the outdoors
Your pet doesn't have to tell you every time they want to go outside
Installation is easy. Check out our videos and other useful information to help you install your pet door.
Getting started with the pet door
Installing the pet door into a door
Installing the pet door into glass
Installing the pet door into a wall
Pet Door Mounting Adaptor
The Pet Door Mounting Adaptor is required to install the SureFlap Microchip… Read more
The Pet Door Mounting Adaptor is required to install the SureFlap Microchip Pet Door into glass and certain door types. This accessory allows mounting in holes ranging from 294mm to 320mm in diameter. The total diameter of the mounting adaptor is 380mm.
Pet Door Tunnel Extender
SureFlap Pet Door Tunnel Extenders can be used to create a longer approach… Read more
SureFlap Pet Door Tunnel Extenders can be used to create a longer approach tunnel to the SureFlap Microchip Pet Door when it is installed in a wall. The tunnel of the SureFlap Microchip Pet Door is 70mm long and each tunnel extender adds 50mm to the length of the pet door's tunnel.
2 x RFID Collar Tags
If your pet is not microchipped, the SureFlap RFID Collar Tag is available… Read more
If your pet is not microchipped, the SureFlap RFID Collar Tag is available as an alternative*. SureFlap collar tags contain a code that is unique to your pet so that if other pets in the neighbourhood have a SureFlap collar tag, or any other type of collar tag used in selective pet doors, they will not be able to gain access. *The collar tag is not compatible with SureFlap Microchip Cat Flaps with a serial number of 1152201 or lower.
2 x C Batteries
4 x C batteries are required to operate the SureFlap Microchip Pet Door and… Read more
4 x C batteries are required to operate the SureFlap Microchip Pet Door and SureFeed Microchip Pet Feeder. Typical battery life is over 6 months, and in many cases, up to twelve months with normal use. Batteries are not included with the products, but these single-use Energizer batteries are ideal for use with SureFlap products.
178mm (W) x170mm (H)
This dimension is the smallest area of the pet door that your pet will have to enter
262mm (W) x 281mm (H)
Size of the exterior pet door frame
70mm (D)
Depth of the inside tunnel
207mm (W) x 234mm (H)
The exterior frame can be used as a template to cut the hole required to fit your pet door.
+ See more dimensions
"The SureFlap pet door has substantially improved my life. I was aware of having to let the dog in and out of the kitchen door multiple times a day and especially in the evening when I was trying to relax. Now she goes in and out by herself and what I hadn't realised was how much she barked to be let in and out. Now she doesn't bark at all and it is wonderful. I am a very happy person."
Marion and her dog Treacle
"Our two Maine Coons were soon confident about using the new pet door, and although it took several weeks, they are now more relaxed because the intruder tom cat has not been able to enter & steal their food. We know that the neighbouring farm's cat still prowls round as the garden lights come on, but our cats are less tense knowing no entry has taken place."
Phil and his cats Sascha & Charlie
"The new pet door is brilliant. The features are well thought out. Once installed, you almost forget it's there, it just goes about its job without fuss or drama, and it just works every time. I wish every consumer product was this good. Thanks for a great product and a happy cat."
Ian and his cat Monty
+ free GB Delivery


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At last Kennington has that most desirable of neighbourhood accessories: its very own gastropub. The White Hart ticks all the right boxes on the looks front: wooden furniture, overhead fans, groovy
light fittings & smiling, trendy staff. However, food quality is variable; in our experience, dinner here is better than lunch. A cracking evening meal began with superb quality fried camembert
accompanied by a clearly homemade cranberry sauce crammed with whole, juicy berries, followed by a beautifully cooked & meltingly tender Welsh Black beef fillet. But we were disheartened to
discover that the lunch menu's speciality pies are not made on the premises, while a salad of crayfish & (tinned) tuna on a pile of frilly leaves did nothing to set our pulses racing. On the
wine front, a concise list has 16 whites & 18 reds which nicely trot the globe, with five of each available by the glass.
Are you the restaurant owner?
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More Galleries from Broke Straight Boys Click to see all 1676 Galleries
There are 3 comments on this gallery
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6Gus Johnson
Johnson Receives 2015 NFL Combine Invite
All-American will participate Feb. 17-23 in Indianapolis
All-America Honors Continue For Johnson
Gus Johnson has been named a first team All-American by three different organizations
Johnson Named AFCA First Team All-American
Senior RB becomes the 65th first team All-American in program history
Season Comes To A Close in FCS First Round
Lumberjacks fall to Northern Iowa 44-10, finishing the season 8-5
Johnson, Conques Garner All-SLC Honors
SFA earns three big individual honors while placing three on the SLC First Team
2012 Battle for Chief Caddo
Nov. 17, 2012 - Homer Bryce Stadium SFA 34, Northwestern State 17
Ford Stadium - Dallas, Texas Saturday, Sept. 8, 2012
Career: Three-time All-Southland Conference selection, including two-time first team honoree (2012, 2014) ... Southland Conference Player of the Year in 2014 ... 2014 AFCA, FCS Sports Network and Beyond Sport Network first team All-American ... 2014 Associated Press second team All-American ... SFA's all-time leading rusher with 3,907 yards and ranking fifth all-time in SLC history ... Also ranks first all-time in program history in season rushing yards (1,683 in 2014), season rushing touchdowns (23 in 2014), season scoring (138 points in 2014), career rushing touchdowns (51) and career total touchdowns (52) ... Ranks second in SFA history in career scoring (312 points) and single game rushing yards (252), third in season all-purpose yards (1,848 in 2014) and fifth in career all-purpose yards (4,326) ... Rushed for four touchdowns in a game three times with six three-or-more touchdown games (SFA record) ... Finished his career with 21 100-yard and four 200-yard rushing performances.
2014 (Senior): 2014 Southland Conference Player of the Year and first team All-SLC selection ... First team All-American selection by AFCA, FCS Sports Network and Beyond Sports Network ... Second team All-America selection by Associated Press ... His four All-America selections is tied for the most in program history for a single season, tied with Jeremy Moses in 2010 ... Walter Payton Award finalist, finishing ninth in the voting ... Appeared in all 13 games with 12 starts, rushing for 1,683 yards on the season, setting both the SFA and SLC single-season record ... Rushed for 23 touchdowns on the season, setting an SFA single-season record and ranking second in SLC history ... Rushed for 200 yards twice on the season, including a 252-yard performance against Incarnate Word while registering four touchdowns ... Named the SLC Offensive Player of the Week for his efforts against the Cardinals while also receiving national Player of the Week honors from College Football Performance Awards and College Sporting News ... Also rushed for 202 yards and three touchdowns at Nicholls ... Rushed for over 100 yards on seven other occasions ... Ran for 161 yards against Northwestern State, including a 73-yard touchdown scamper to make him SFA's all-time rushing leader ... Finished with 159 yards and a 45-yard touchdown against Central Arkansas ... Tallied 158 yards and a pair of touchdowns against Abilene Christian ... Rushed for 133 yards and three touchdowns at Houston Baptist ... Finished with 131 yards and two touchdowns against Texas A&M-Commerce ... Tallied 116 yards and two touchdowns in the win over eighth-ranked Southeastern Louisiana, earning SLC Offensive Player of the Week honors ... Opened the season with a 30-yard touchdown run at 20th-ranked Kansas State ... Closed out his storied SFA career with a 32-yard touchdown run at Northern Iowa in the NCAA FCS playoffs opening round, become the SLC single-season rushing leader in the process ... Caught 17 passes on the year for 165 yards, giving him 1,848 all-purpose yards and ranking third in program history for a single season ... Received invitation to the 2015 NFLPA Collegiate Bowl.
2013 (Junior): Second team All-Southland Conference selection ... Rushed for 1,061 yards on the season, the fifth-best single-season rushing total in program history ... Scored 11 rushing touchdowns on the season, averaging 6.0 yards per attempt ... Reeled off an 81-yard touchdown run at Lamar, which is the second-longest rushing play in SFA history ... Notched seven 100+ rushing games on the year, highlighted by his 179-yard performance (18 carries) against Prairie View A&M ... Rushed for 165 yards on 20 carries and a touchdown at Lamar ... Tallied 157 yards on 26 attempts with three touchdowns in the upset victory over second-ranked Montana State, earning Southland Conference Offensive Player of the Week honors ... Carried the ball 26 times for 136 yards and a touchdown against Sam Houston State ... Rushed for 110 yards on 24 carries and a touchdown in the season opener at Weber State ... Tallied 21 carries for 106 yards and a touchdown at Southeastern Louisiana ... Found the endzone twice against McMurry, racking up 102 yards on 16 attempts ... Also caught 21 passes for 108 yards on the season, giving him 1,180 all-purpose yards.
2012 (Sophomore): First-team All-Southland Conference selection ... Became the first Lumberjack running back to earn first-team all-conference honors since 2006 ... Played in 10 games earning eight starts on the season ... Finished second in the conference with 954 yards rushing ... Led the league averaging better than six yards per carry ... Was also second in the league with 14 rushing touchdowns ... Also hauled in 14 passes for 86 yards and a score ... Recorded five games of rushing for at least 100 yards, and two of more than 200 yards ... Was named Southland Conference Offense Player of the Week and College Sporting News Weekly All-Star after rushing for 215 yards on 32 carries and four touchdowns against Central Arkansas ... Closed out the season by setting a career high with 33 rushes for 226 yards and score ... The 226-yard outing was the third-best single-game performance in school history ... Ran for 107 yards on 10 carries, and had two touchdowns in the season opener against Southwestern Oklahoma ... Had a 15-carry, 104-yard rushing night with two touchdowns at Texas State ... Also caught a 10-yard pass for a score against the Bobcats ... Rushed for four touchdowns at Southeastern Louisiana ... Finished the game with 20 carries for 124 yards against the Lions.
2011 (Freshman): Appeared in 10 games this season ... Had 45 carries for 194 yards and three touchdowns ... Also caught five passes for 60 yards ... Finished the season with 294 all-purpose yards ... Had five carries for 37 yards and a score, including a long 30 yards in the season opener against McMurry ... Had six carries for 41 yards and a score versus Southeastern Louisiana ... Tied a career-high with nine carries for 34 yards in a score at Northwestern State ... Caught one pass for a season-high 19 yards against McNeese State.
High School: A three-star recruit according to Rivals.com ... Ranked as the 42nd overall running back according to Rivals.com ... Named MVP of the Nike Combine at TCU ... A first-team all-district selection ... Carried the ball 166 times for 1,312 (7.9 ypc) yards and nine touchdowns during his senior season ... Recorded 1,764 yards rushing and 18 touchdowns in his final two seasons ... Hauled in 49 passes for 562 (11.5 ypc) yards and five scores as a senior ... Helped Gilmer to a 9-4 record during his senior season.Johnson's Career Statistics


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Taste of Country's Alan Jackson Contest Winner Announced
When Susan M. Rich learned she had won a trip to Nashville to see Alan Jackson this summer, she got emotional — very emotional. "I started crying, I couldn't believe it," she told Taste of Country upon getting the good news. "Alan was my mom's favorite singer, she passed away six years ago and she saw him in concert many times."