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Buckingham Fountain
One of the most impressive sights in Chicago. The fountain's 1 1/2 gallons (5,7 million liters) of water recirculate through a computer-operated pumping system at a rate of 14,000 gallons (53,000 liters) per minute. Hundreds of spotlights hidden within the fountain are used to create a dazzling show of colored lights. The 20-minute shows, set to music, are held from dusk to 11pm every hour on the hour, from April to October.
- Arts and Culture
Lights at Buckingham Fountain
This is one of the prettiest sights to see in Chicago, it's only open in the summer and early fall..at night they have lights and every hour at the top of the hour the fountainhead goes about 4 stories so there is a huge spray..kids sometimes stand in it..its fun..
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The spectacular Buckingham Fountain of Chicago
One of its famous attractions at the Grand Park is the Buckingham Fountain which was built in 1927 in honor of Clarence Buckingham. The design was inspired by a fountain found in Versailles Palace in France.
It is considered as one of the World´s largest Water Fountain with a basin that measures about 280 feet in diameter and height of 23 feet which has the ability to eject up to 150 feet water in the air. During the day it performs every hour from 8:oo am until 11:00 pm spectacular turbulent geyser- like water shows to enjoy the people and in the evening a choreographed water with red light and music is a big attraction.
The vapor phase that is being ejected and sprayed in the atmosphere is too refreshing especially during summer. The fountain runs from middle April to middle of October and depending upon the weather conditions. It is awesome and amazing! So don´t miss it!
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One of my favorite city sights...
...is Buckingham Fountain, all aglow on a summer night. Every few minutes, the colors of the lighting will change, and a huge spurt of water will shoot towards the sky. Just beautiful!
Make a wish!
The Buckingham fountain is really amazingly beautiful under the blue sky. I made a wish there, but it hasn't come true by now. But it's not harmful to try.
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enjoy the skyline in the morning
from this park and the Millenium Park you have a wonderful skyline view of the buildings located at South Michigan Avenue.
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Lincoln at Grant Park
I'm just loading pictures and place holders until I can get back and add some text. Come back in November and see what's been added.
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You can go rollerblading here, meet your friends or simply take a nap in the tree's shadow. Buckingham Fountain is iluminated every night April 1 thru October 1.
Visit this amazing fountain....
Visit this amazing fountain. It's image is used in the opening credits of 'Married with Children' (You know, the Al Bundy Stuff).
The fountain's called Buckingham fountain.
Visit Grant Park and unwind....
Visit Grant Park and unwind. You get nice views of the city and a pleasant fountain, too.
Buckingham Fountain
Buckingham Fountain is located in Grants Park and is one of the world's largest fountain. It was given to the city as a gift from the widow of Clarence Buckingham in 1927.
Ever seen the serie 'Married...
Ever seen the serie 'Married with children'? If you have you will probably reconigze this fontain from the intro on each episode.
You get a great view of the city from the fountain
We sat by the fountain during the Taste of Chicago to enjoy the views (and our cheesecake!)
Only disappointment that during "The Taste" they shut the lights off the fountain at 9:00 pm.
- Architecture
Buckingham Fountain at Grant Park
Buckingham Fountain is one of the nation's most famous fountains, a public icon of Chicago and the center piece of Grant Park. Try to rent a bike to wander around the park.
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Buckingham Fountain
This fountain is a great experience to see, especially on a warm summer day. This fountain is famous, it has been in many shows and movies. At night it lights up into different colors.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Oct 30, 1956
|Filing date
|Aug 26, 1953
|Priority date
|Aug 26, 1953
|Publication number
|Leland D Wheeler, Swanson Leroy
|Original Assignee
|Turner Machine Co Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (5), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Oct. 30, 1956 1.. D. WHEELER ETAL 8 APPARATUSFOR CUTTING A ROYING OF FIBRQUS MATERIAL Filed Aug. 26, 1953 I a Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.
Zer gy' Sit W 70 ,3) ATTORNEY Oct. 30, 1956 WHEELER ETAL 2,768,688
APPARATUS FOR CUTTING A ROVING OF FIBROUS MATERIAL Filed Au 26, 1953 .3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR- 7 l lanzlflil/zzezer [erg Swanson,
JTTORNEI United States Patent iP atented Oct. 30, 1956 fine APPARATUS FOR CUTTING A ROVING OF FIBROUS MATERIAL Leland D. Wheeler, Bethe], and Leroy Swanson, Danbury,
This invention relates to a means and method by which threads of fibrous material, particularly spun glass fibres in the form of a roving, are cut into predetermined equal lengths. Such fibres are often used in the production of various types of receptacles and other articles wherein the fibres are deposited in a felted layer upon a suitable form and thereafter plastic material is deposited over the fibres which thereby serve to strongly reinforce the receptacle so formed.
In the production of the glass fibres, it is desirable that all of the cut fibres be of like length; that the cut fibres be separated from one another so that when the same are deposited upon a form the same will fall haphazardly and will lie in all directions, thus criss-crossing one another and forming a strong reinforcement for the receptacle or other article subsequently produced. It is also desirable that the fibres shall have a certain amount of fuzziness or fluff thus increasing their tendency to adhere together when they descend upon one another on a form.
Various means have been devised for the cutting of the fibres into the required lengths, chief of which consists in feeding -a so-called roving or rope-like strand composed of a substantial number of the glass threads or other fibrous threads between a rotary, multi-bladed cutter and a rubber roller. The distance between the various blades on such a cutter determines the length of the cut fibres and thus the length of the cut fibres can be regulated only by changing the adjustment of the blades on the cutter or else by the substitution of one cutter for another. A cutting device as above described is not completely satisfactory for various other reasons. One of these reasons is that the sharp edges or the radial blades on the cutter soon cut grooves into the rubber roller; the blades soon fail to cut sharply and cleanly; the rubber of the roller disintegrates under heat and pressure and rubber particles find their way into the batch of cut fibres and subsequently are deposited onto the form over which the fibres fall, thus producing defects in the formed article. Also, the cutters require repeated sharpening. In addition, with such an arrangement no means is provided for the separation of the cut fibres, and as a result, when cut they adhere together in groups or bunches and destroy the desired effect sought, namely, of fibres independently separated and spread in uniform separation over the form on which the article is being made.
It is therefore an object ofthe present invention to provide a means and method for cutting threads of fibrous material, particularly glass fibres, in predetermined, selected lengths and by means of which control of the length of the cut fibres and the fuzziness thereof can be readily had; by which a positive feed of the fibre threads to the cutting means will be had; by means of which a separating action will be applied to the roving as it is fed to the cutters, thereby insuring a positive separation of the cut fibres, which will fall from the machine in separated individual threads and in readiness for independent deposit on the form arranged for their reception.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide means for aiding in the feed of the threads to the cutter by means of a forced flow of a liquid medium, preferably air jets, which also serves to tension the threads and aid the feed rollers in feeding the same at a positive and uniform rate to the cutter. tion, serves to separate and lightly fuzz the threads or Thismeans, in addifibres of the threads, and shall incidentally serve as a cooling means for the cutter.
. With these and other objects to be hereinafter set forth in view, we have devised the arrangement of parts to be described, and more particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto.
In the accompanying drawings, wherein an illustrative embodiment of the invention is described,
Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 2 is a view of the clutch mechanism for the feed roller;
Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the apparatus, with the airconveying piping omitted for clearness in illustration;
Fig. 4 is a sectional view through the feed rollers and the air and feed manifold block;
Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken at right angles to that of Fig. 4, through the air and feed manifold block;
Fig. 6 is a side elevation, with parts in section, of the cutting head, showing the air and feed passages therethrough, and
Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the air delivery block located adjacent to the cutting head.
Referring to the drawing, 1 indicates the base or supporting plate for the apparatus, the same being secured to and suitably supported on the beams 2 and 3 which can be in turn mounted on a table or on legs or other suitable means. The main frame of the apparatus is shown at 5 and the same includes a front plate 8 and rear plate 9, these plates being integrally connected at one end by the end plate 1a). The frame may be formed as a casting or fabricated in any other suitable manner, and it includes flanges 6 at both ends and by means of which it may be attached to the base plate 1 by screws or bolts 7.
Rotatably mounted in suitable bearings 11 and 12 in the frame 5, is a drive shaft 13, which is connected by means of a coupling 14 to the shaft 15 of a variable-speed electric motor 16 by means of which the drive shaft 13 can be driven at the desired rotational speed.
Secured on the front plate 8 of the frame 5 is a cutting head which includes disks 17, 18 and 19, the same being securely attached to the frame 5 by screws or other fastening elements, and centrally apertured to permit of the rotation of the drive shaft 13 within them. The outermost plate, shown at 19, is of carbon steel and constitutes a shearing plate, since a rotary cutter, shown at 20 and secured on the shaft 13, is operative against the plate 19 to shear ofi lengths of the fibre glass roving as the same emerges from apertures provided in the shearing plate 19. The rotary cutter is held in shearing contact with the face of the plate 19 by a spring-pressed plate or disk 21 surrounding the drive shaft 13 and urged against the cutter Ztl by the springs 22 which are adjustable as to pressure by means of the nut 23 and lock nut 24 on the shaft 13. As will be seen in Figs. 1 and 6, the disks 17, 18 and 19 are provided with a pair of feed passages, indicated at 25 and 26, extending through them, said passages also extending through the frame plate 8, as shown at 27 in Fig. 6, the aligned apertures through the frame plate 8 and through the disks 17, 18 and 19 thus constituting a pair of feed passages for the fibre glass rovings, which passages have their outlets at the face of the shearing plate 19 so that the fibre glass rovings are cut off in required lengths as the same emerge from these passages 25 and 26. The face plate 19 may, as seen in Fig. 1, be provided with additional apertures, permitting shifting of this plate when required as wear occurs about the apertures employed as the stock outlets.
Provided on the drive shaft 13 is a variable pulley 28 around which a belt 29 passes. The belt 29 also extends over an idler pulley 3d, rotative on a spindle 31 which is vertically adjustable by rotation of a threaded shaft 32 rotatable in a sleeve 33 secured at its lower:
end on the base plate 1.. The threaded shaft 32 is provided at the top with a hand wheel 34 and crank by means of which the threaded shaft 32 can be rotated to thereby raise or lower the idler pulley 3t and thus increase or decrease the tension on the belt 29 to thereby change the drive ratio from the pulley 28 to a shaft 36 which has a pulley 44- around which the belt 29 extends. Shaft 36 is rotatable in a suitable bearing rising from the base 1. It will thus be apparent that by manipulation of the hand wheel 34 the idler pulley 30 can be raised or lowered and thus the speed of rotation of the shaft 36 can be controlled and the lengths of the fibres cut by the apparatus be regulated accordingly.
The feed roller is shown at 37, and the same is mounted on a shaft 38, suitably journalled in the walls 8 and 9 of the frame 5. At one end, the shaft 353 extends through a bearing cover 39, and beyond the bearing cover, the shaft 38 carries a clutch collar 40 adapted to move a clutch cone 41 to or from the conical hub 42 provided as a part of the pulley 44. The clutch collar 40 is moved in a manner to cause the cone 41 to be shifted into engaged position with the conical part 42 of the pulley 44, by means of a toggle arrangement consisting of the pivotally connected links 45 and 46. Said links are pivotally connected by the pin 47, the link 45 being pivoted at one end by pivot pin 43 to the collar 40, and the link 46 being pivoted by pin 56 to a lug 49, provided on the bearing cover 39. The toggle just described, is operated by means of a yoke 51, which is connected at the pivot 47 and has a rod 52 extending downwardly and which has its lower end pivoted at 53 to a lever 54. The lever 54 is pivoted at 55 to a yoke 56 on the upper end of a push-rod 57 having its lower end terminating in a yoke 58 (Fig. 1) attached to the armature of a solenoid 59 mounted below the base 1. This arrangement is such that upon the solenoid 59 being energized by the closure of a suitable switch, the rod 57 will be drawn downwardly to thereby cause the clutch collar 40 to be moved toward the right, as viewed in Fig. 2, and thus cause clutch engagement between the cone 41 and the conical part 42 of the pulley 44. It will be apparent that when this occurs, the pulley shaft 36 will become operative to drive the feed roller shaft 37 at the required rate of speed.
When it is desired to halt operation of the feed roller 37, it is necessary that the rotation of shaft 38, carrying the feed roller 37, be halted quickly to avoid cutting off fibres of short length due to a gradual slowing down of the feed roll. Quick stoppage of the rotation of the feed roller is had by a braking means, including I a brake shoe 60 provided with a facing 61 operative against the periphery of the clutch cone 41. The shoe 60 is carried by a stem 62 which is vertically guided in a tubular guide member 63 secured on the base plate 1 or otherwise properly mounted. A coil spring 64 contained in the guide member 63 below the end of the stem 62, acts to urge the brake shoe 60 upwardly and into contact with the periphery of the clutch cone 41. As long as the solenoid 59 is de-energized, the spring 64 will hold the brake shoe in applied position. However, when the solenoid is energized and will engage the clutch by means of the toggle mechanism described and including the links 45 and 46, the lever 54, which is pivoted at one end as indicated at 65 in a bracket 66 arising from the base plate 1 and is also centrally pivoted at 67 to the stem 62, will be drawn downwardly and it will then pull the brake shoe 60 down to a released position. As soon as the solenoid is de-energized, the spring 64 will then become effective to elevate the brake shoe 60 and apply it against the clutch cone 41 and quickly stop rotation of shaft 37 and the feed roller 37 carried thereby.
Located above the feed roller 37 is a pressure roller 67, which has a surfacing of rubber 68 or other equivalent soft resilient material. The pressure roller 67 is 4 an idle roller, resting on top of the feed roller 37 and rotating by frictional contact therewith. The rovings of the spun glass are entered between the rollers 37 and 67 from the right as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2 and are fed by the rollers through passages to be described and eventually to the cutting head from which the stock emerges and is cut into lengths.
The pressure roller 67 is supported in a frame including two side bars 70 and 71 in which the roller is mounted in a. manner to be freely rotatable. The side ars 753 and 71 are connected by the cross rods 73 and 74, and the frame, composed of the bars 7% and 71 connected by the rods 73 and 74, is pivoted in the machine frame 5 by the pivots 72, thereby permitting upward manual swing of the roller frame and said pivots and the elevation of the roller 67 when it is desired to insert the stock between the rollers.
Mounted in the frame 5 adjacent to the outlet side of the rollers 37 and 67, is a manifold block 75 shown in detail in Figs. 4 and 5. The block 75 is formed with a pair of spaced parallel passages 76 and 77 extending through it and through which two spun glass rovings travel on their way from between the rollers 67 and 37 to the outlet passages 25 and 26 for severance. Secured to and extending from the outlet end of the passage 77 is a curved tube 78 constituting a continuation of the stock feed passage 77, and having its free end located closely adjacent to and in registration with the inner end of the passage 26. Similarly, a curved tube 79 is attached to the end of the passage 76 and extends to a point adjacent to the inner end of the passage 25. From the foregoing, it will be apparent that two rovings of spun glass fed by the rollers 67 and 37 will be directed through the passages 76 and 77, then through the tubes 78 and 79 connected thereto, and then through the passages 25 and 26 to emerge out of the forward ends of the latter passages at the face of the shearing plate 19 to be there severed into selected lengths.
During the feed of the'rovings through the passages and tubes as above described, it is desirable that the rovings shall have their fibres separated and also slightly fiuffed or fuzzed, and for this purpose air under pressure is admitted into the passages in a manner to be now explained.
As will be seen in Figs. 4 and 5, the block 75 is in the form of an air manifold, and is provided with a longitudinally extending air passage 80 to which an air pipe 81 is attached by a suitable coupling 82 or other means. The passage 80 communicates with a pair of angular air passages 83 which communicate with the respective feed passages 76 and 77. Each of the air passages 83 constitutes a jet opening and enters into its feed passage at an angle as seen in Fig. 4 to thereby direct a stream of air under pressure substantially in the same direction as the travel of the roving through the feed passage, but of course, at a slight angle thereto. The air thus injected into the feed passages 76 and 77 as above described, not only aids in the feed or travel of the roving toward the cutting means, but tends to separate the fibres or threads of the roving and fuzz or slightly fluff the same.
Each roving is subjected to a second air blast on its way to the cutting device. For this purpose, a block 83 is mounted by screws 84 on top of the disk 17. The block 83' is provided with a pair of curved tubes, indicated respectively at 84 and 85 which constitute air jets to direct an air flow into the passages 25 and 26 and in the direction of travel of the rovings through said passages, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 6. An air-conveying pipe 86 is connected by the coupling 87 into an opening 38 in the block 83, and which opening communicates with the tube 35. Similarly, a second air pipe, shown at 89 is connected by the coupling 96 to an opening in the block 83' that communicates with the second tube, shown at 84 in the manner explained with reference to the air tube 85. The disk 17 is apertured as shown at 91 to allow the free ends of tubes 84 and 85 to fit into the passages 25 and 26 as clearly seen in Fig. 6 and to direct the air flow in the same direction as the movement of the roving.
The air pipes 81, 86 and 89, which are omitted from Fig. 3 to simplify the disclosure of other parts of the device in that figure, extend downwardly through the base 1 where they are connected to a suitable source of air under pressure and which pressure is maintained at a required force to secure desired results. A pressure meter (not shown) may be incorporated in the air line to enable the pressure to be accurately maintained at the desired level. Each of the air pipes 81, 86 and 89 may be provided with a suitable control valve as indicated at 92 in Fig. 1.
From the foregoing, the operation of the apparatus will be readily understood. The rovings to be cut into short fibres, are threaded through the passages 76, 77; through the tubes 73 and '79 leading therefrom and then through the outlet passages 25 and 26, after having been inserted between the rollers 37 and 67. The solenoid 59 is now energized by closing of an electric switch, whereupon the yoke 51 will be drawn downwardly and clutch collar 40 moved to cause engagement of the clutch cone 41 with the pulley 4-4. Roller 37 will then be rotated and the rovings fed at a speed controlled by regulation of adjusting pulley 30 by manipulation of the hand-wheel 34 to raise or lower said pulley as required to secure the desired speed of the feed roller 37 and hence secure cutting of the rovings into lengths desired. As the rovings travel through the passages, they are subjected to the force of air under pressure by the air jets 83, 84 and 85, and which air tends to not only aid in the feeding of the rovings toward the cutting position, but also separates the fibres of the rovings so that when the cut fibres fall free the same freely separate for descent on a surface in haphazard, criss-cross fashion. In addition, the air fluifs the fibres, creating a desired fuzziness in them which aids in causing the fibres to engage in felted relation when deposited over a form or other element.
It will also be noted that the air blasts emanating from the jets 84 and 85 are forced out of the passages 25 and 26 in a manner to impinge against the rotary cutter 26 during rotation of the same. This has been found to be desirable since it tends to cool the cutter, which, because of the friction of the shearing plate, might, otherwise, become so hot that the fibres will be damaged.
When it is desired to halt operation of the apparatus, the solenoid is de-energized, and the upward force of the spring 64 against the stem 62 will not only disengage the clutch, but will elevate the brake shoe 60 and cause it to speedily halt rotation of the roller 37 and thus promptly discontinue the feed of the rovings to prevent the cutting of short lengths of fibres which would occur by a gradual slowdown of feed of the rovings by the feed rollers.
The cutting apparatus may be enclosed in a protective housing 99 shown in Fig. 1 but omitted from Fig. 3, to prevent flying about of the cut fibres and this housing can be in communication with a suitable chamber or receptacle placed below, or adjacent to, and in communication with the housing 99 to thereby receive the cut fibres therefrom.
While we have shown and described a single embodiment of the invention, it is obvious that the same is not to be restricted thereto, since changes may be readily made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, while we have shown the device adapted to out two rovings, it will be apparent that the same may be adapted without material modification, to cut one or more. These, and other structural alterations, are considered as being within the scope of the invention and comprehended by the claims appended hereto.
What we claim is:
1. An apparatus for cutting rovings of fibre glass into short lengths comprising, a feed roller and means for rotating the same at a selected speed, a clutch operative to couple the feed roller to its rotating means, braking means automatically operative to halt rotation of the feed roller upon release of the clutch, a compressible pressure roller mounted above and in contact with the feed roller and co-operating therewith for feeding a plurality of rovings of fibre glass in spaced, side-by-side relation, a plurality of substantially parallel separate passages each having an open end located adjacent to the rollers whereby the rovings fed by the rollers will be moved longitudinally through the passages, a block through which the passages extend, an air passage leading into the block and having branches in angular communication with the several passages to thereby direct air angularly against and in the direction of feed of the several rovings, a cutting head through which the several passages extend in parallel relation and out of which the passages open, said cutting head having a flat face against which a rotary cutter is shearingly operative, the cutter having its axis parallel to the direction of movement of the rovings as they are cut off by the cutter, the passages having outlets at the face of the cutting head whereby the several rovings will be simultaneously sheared off by the cutter into relatively short lengths as the rovings emerge from the outlets, and means for supplying air under pressure into the passages adjacent to their outlet ends and angularly to the direction of movement of the several rovings toward said outlets, the air so supplied reaching the cutter through said outlets to thereby cool the cutter.
2. An apparatus for cutting fibre glass into short lengths comprising, a feed roller and means for rotating the same at a selected peed, a rotary cutter toward which a roving of fibre glass is fed by the feed roller, said cutter and roller having a fixed relationship between them of rotative speed to enable sections of selected relatively uniform length to be severed from the roving by the cutter, a clutch operative to couple the feed roller and its rotating means, braking means automatically operative to quickly halt rotation of the feed roller upon release of the clutch to thereby avoid cutting of the roving into sections of variable length due to gradual slowing down of the rotative speed of the feed roller, a compressible pressure roller mounted above and in contact with the feed roller and co-operating therewith in feeding the roving to the cutter, and means located near the cutter for supplying an air flow against the roving as it is moved toward the cutter, said air so supplied reaching the cutter to thereby cool the same.
3. In an apparatus for cutting fibre glass into short lengths, a pair of rollers between which a roving of fibre glass is fed, a rotary cutter toward which the roving is fed by the rollers, means for rotating one of the rollers at a speed relative to the rotative speed of the cutter to insure the cutting of uniform-length sections from the roving by the cutter, means for coupling the driven roller to its rotating means, braking means automatically applicable to quickly halt the driven roller when the coupling means disengage the driven roller from its rotating means, to thereby prevent severance of short lengths of roving by the cutter, a guide through which the roving is moved from the rollers to the cutter, and means for directing an air blast against the moving roving while it is moved toward the cutter.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,969,770 Taylor Aug. 14, 1934 1,978,826 Walton et al. Oct. 30, 1934 2,173,789 Nikles et a1. Sept. 19, 1939 2,182,193 Blaschke Dec. 5, 1939 2,201,180 Jordan May 21, 1940 2,217,766 Net! Oct. 15, 1940 2,323,644 Castellan -a July 6, 1943 2,563,986 Bauer Aug. 14, 1.951
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 28, 1932
|Aug 14, 1934
|Celanese Corp
|Production of textile materials
|May 18, 1928
|Oct 30, 1934
|Celanese Corp
|Apparatus for handling textile yarns
|Dec 1, 1936
|Sep 19, 1939
|Nikles Paul
|Method of producing stapled fibers
|Jul 3, 1936
|Dec 5, 1939
|Emil Blaschke
|Process and device for cutting fibers in rope form, especially synthetic fibers
|Nov 18, 1938
|May 21, 1940
|Ind Rayon Corp
|Apparatus for cutting thread or the like
|Nov 24, 1939
|Oct 15, 1940
|Du Pont
|Staple cutting apparatus
|Apr 30, 1942
|Jul 6, 1943
|American Viscose Corp
|Machine for cutting staple fibers
|Jul 30, 1946
|Aug 14, 1951
|American Viscose Corp
|Yarn handling method and apparatus
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 30, 1954
|May 5, 1959
|Robert M Mcmanigal
|Wire cutter and insulation stripping apparatus
|Jul 2, 1956
|May 3, 1960
|Robert M Mcmanigal
|Wire cutter and insulation stripping apparatus
|Nov 12, 1970
|Sep 26, 1972
|Vollie L Murdock
|Variable length staple cutter
|Feb 13, 1989
|Feb 6, 1990
|Hoffman Ronald W
|Container stand
|Dec 3, 1991
|Sep 19, 1995
|Nordson Corporation
|Method and apparatus for processing chopped fibers from continuous tows
|U.S. Classification
|19/.56, 83/913
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification

subset: commoncrawl


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We're told that the Conservatives, freed from the limitations of Coalition government, can now pursue the policies they really believe in. It seems that, in some quarters, it also means they feel less need to even pretend they are concerned about fairness or compassion. In the last 24 hours, two stark examples of the thinking that lies behind a purely Conservative government have emerged.
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Student Health Services
On-Campus Health Clinic
Dalhousie Student Health Services is committed to providing quality health care and services to promote and enhance students' good health and well-being. The services are easily accessible and geared toward the unique health needs and concerns of students.
Notices for Students
Sleep for Success!
Dr. James B. Maas will be coming to Dalhousie to help us achieve greater health and success through healthy sleep.
October 19th at 8pm in the Potter Auditorium
Evening & Saturday Appointments (New for students only)
Starting September 2015, Students can book a physician appointment up until 7pm every Tuesday with Dr. Amanda Crosby or every 2nd Wednesday with Dr. Jacalynne Hernandez-Lee. Starting September 19th, Saturday appointments will be available once per month from 11am-2pm with Dr. Amanda Crosby.
Extended Nursing Office Hours
Starting in September 2015, our Nursing Office Hours will be 9am-7pm Monday-Thursday and 9am-5:30pm on Fridays
Medical services
- Family doctors, registered nurses, nurse practitioner, psychiatrists
- Limited same-day, non-urgent appointments for students
- Routine medical exams and consultations
- Prescriptions
- Immunizations
- LGBTQ Health
- Mental health care
- Specialist referrals
- Minor procedures (i.e. stitches and wound care)
- Urgent matters (i.e. assessment of broken bones)
- Birth control counselling
- Emergency contraception (morning-after pill)
- STI and pregnancy testing
- Anonymous HIV testing
- Obstetrical care
- Psychiatric care
- Sports medicine
- Vasectomies
Make an Appointment
To learn more about making an appointment including what to say, types of appointments, availability, fees, and more, visit the Make an Appointment page.
Location & Hours
Planning on stopping by Student Health Services? Check the location and hours on each campus.
Service Fees
Need a Doctor's note? Wondering what the fee for injection is? Visit the service fees page for more information.
Flu Clinics & Info
Visit our flu page to learn more about mobile clinics, general clinics, and frequently asked questions about the flu.


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2015 Best (And Worst) States To Find Smart Workers
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18 Tough Certifications That Are Worth The Effort
Certifications in IT security and cloud are the most valuable, according to business educator Global Knowledge, but project management and services-related credentials are becoming more useful with each passing day.
Cisco's John Chambers On How IoT Will Change The Channel
Former longtime CEO John Chambers tells CRN that Cisco's channel is going to swell up with more partners as the emerging Internet of Things market takes shape.
Surface Book Stunner: Microsoft Tests The Strength Of Its OEM Partnerships
The Microsoft Surface Book, Microsoft's 2-in-1 entry into the laptop hardware game, pits Microsoft against its OEM partners.


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dj-andy-bee Deep n Soulful House Podcast
Deep House, Deep Soulful, Afro House - Funk & Soul - Lounge - Soulful House - Old Skool R n B - Urban Soul - Future Of Soul
Deep N Soulful (Journey Continues)
August 18, 2015 12:35 PM PDT
Easy all
August 18, 2015 10:50 AM PDT
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August 16, 2015 11:50 AM PDT
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August 01, 2015 03:50 AM PDT
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1. Bah Samba vs Jinks ft Zodiac - "Calma" "Like Music" (Mikeandtess Mash Up Mix)
July 29, 2015 03:43 AM PDT
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1. Acutedose & Tlhopzin - Deep Imagination
July 29, 2015 02:50 AM PDT
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Peace N joyDeep N Soulful (June Edition 2015)
June 29, 2015 11:38 AM PDT
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1. GraveYard, Una - Made For Each Other
June 29, 2015 10:01 AM PDT
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June 29, 2015 06:18 AM PDT
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1. QB Smith - If This World Were Mine ft Pete Simpson (QB's Hot Mix)
May 25, 2015 08:05 AM PDT
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Next Page
Podcast Summary
About Andy Bonney
With my roots intertwined in house music for the past 20 years I started the clubs scene during the 1980s and I was influenced by disco, the freewheeling garage scene, emerging house, hip-hop styles and Latin . I went to my very first Southport weekender in the early 90's and then I became hooked with the house scene and I bought my first decks and started to play sets in the underground clubs and parties, sharing my passion for soulful house. Thats history and this is now... I have been off the scene for a while now as family is my priority but I do the odd gigs playing private parties and guest djing for friends. I will start uploading more mixes when I get my ass off the couch!!! Peace & love to all the lovers who have soul in their hearts!!!
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Apr 8, 1975
|Filing date
|Aug 21, 1972
|Priority date
|May 14, 1970
|Publication number
|Esler David H
|Original Assignee
|Sackner Prod Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (8), Classifications (15), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent [1 1 Esler 1451 Apr. 8, 1975 1 1 FOAMED PLASTIC WELTING CORD [75] Inventor: David H. Esler. Grand Rapids.
[731 Assignee: Sackner Products, Inc.. Grand I Rapids, Mich.
[221 Filed: Aug. 21, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 282,327
Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 37.253. May 14.
1970. abandoned.
[52] US. Cl. 161/178; 161/172; 161/180;
260/25 R: 264/51; 264/54; 264/209 [51] Int. Cl D02g 3/00 [58] Field of Search 161/101. 139.178. 180.
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2.932 121 4/1960 Weitzel 161/101 3.01 11/1961 Weinbrenner et a1. 264/54 3.299.192 1/1967 Lux 264/209 3.507.741 4/1970 Alexo 161/175 3.592.720 7/1971 Wattles et a1 161/101 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 19.616 8/1968 Japan 161/178 913.685 12/1962 United Kingdom 264/54 Primary E.\'aminer-George F. Lesmes Assistant E.\'amin0rPau1 .1. Thibodeau Attorney. Agent. or FirmPrice. Heneveld. Huizenga & Cooper [57] ABSTRACT A foamed. extruded. polymeric welting cord provided with a non-slipping exterior surface comprising cells which are non-linearly oriented and are not elongated. 1n one form. the welting cord is hollow having a passageway approximately centered therein. In another form. the cord includes a reinforcing member formed from a plurality .of polyester fibers centered therein and extending substantially along the entire length thereof.
18 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures FOAMED PLASTIC WELTING CORD BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This is a continuation-in-part of my previously filed application Ser. No. 37,253, filed May I4. 1970. now abandoned.
For many years, welting cords of the type utilized in forming boxing strips for upholstered cushions have been constructed from crumpled or twisted paper. See, for example, US. Pat. No. 3,445,004. Although such welting cords have performed satisfactorily, they have had certain characteristics which could be improved upon. For example, the paper does not in all cases twist or crumple in such a manner as to provide uniform thickness and resiliency, and when pulled apart the paper cords tended to fray. Where a white welting cord was desired. the paper had to be bleached.
Recently, foamed polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer welting cords have been provided as a substitute for the paper cord. Such cords avoid the disadvantages set forth concerning the paper cord, but at the same time introduced certain disadvantages. Thus, such cords are limited in their resiliency. Also. by forming the cords from copolymers. the price is increased. Such cords, when forming a 90 corner. bulge outwardly a considerable extent thereby reducing their utility in applications where bending around small ra dius curves as well as reducing the aesthetic appeal of the resultant product.
Another problem with solid welting cords is that only external splicing such as the taping of butt joints is possible. Such taping is not completely satisfactory for outdoor furniture which experiences a high degree of moisture contact.
Also, the particular solid foamed cord previously referred to has been provided with a generally smooth surface which is undesirable due to the fact that a smooth surfaced cord tends to slip relative to the fabric when the boxing strip is formed as described in the aforesaid US. patent.
Finally, many of the previously known formed cords have been very susceptible to stretching and fracturing due in part to a lack in tensile strength of the polymeric material. Thus, in an attempt to overcome this problem, since the filing of my parent application, reinforced cords having fiberglass fibers embedded therein have been produced. These cords are formed from copolymers with generally smooth surfaces as described above. Accordingly, these reinforced cords have also been very expensive and not well adapted for cooperation with upholstery boxing strips and the like. Additionally, when the formed copolymer of these reinforced cords has worn thin, the fiberglass fibers, being relatively stiff and inflexible, have tended to protrude through the upholstery causing discomfort to persons seated thereon.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, this invention concerns a foamed plastic welting cord which is improved over the prior foamed cords so as to avoid the disadvantages set forth above. Specifically, in one form of the invention there is provided an improved welting cord formed from foamed, flexible polymeric plastic, the improvement comprising the cord being hollow with a passageway approximately centered in the cord, and having an exterior surface especially adapted to cooperate with an upholstery boxing strip. In another form of the invention, there is provided a welting cord formed from foamed flexible polymeric plastic and including a reinforcing mem-ber formed from flexible. polyester fibers approximately centered in the cord and extending along the entire length thereof. The reinforcing member significantly increases the strength of the cord while being sufficiently flexible to avoid the protruding effect described above.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved foamed welting cord having improved resiliency under crushing so as to maintain the generally cylindrical shape of the cord.
Another object ofthe invention is to provide such an improved cord wherein the exterior surface is velvety rather than smooth so as to prevent slippage ofthe cord in the boxing strip.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide such an improved welting cord which is capable of internal splicing as well as external splicing.
A further object of the invention is to provide a significantly strengthened foamed welting cord including internal flexible. reinforcing members.
A related object of the invention is to provide such an improved welting cord wherein the materials utilized are inexpensive. thereby reducing the cost of manufacturing.
A further object is to provide a process for producing such cords.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent upon reference to the following drawings and detailed discussion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is an end elevational view of a boxing strip formed utilizing the foamed welting cord constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of the improved welting cord of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged end elevational view of the cord shown in FIG. 2'.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary. schematic clevational view, in section, illustrating the process of forming the improved welting cord of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of the reinforced welting cord.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating the process of making the reinforced welting cord of FIG. 5; and
FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary, schematic, elevational view. in cross-section, illustrating a portion of the process shown in FIG. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hollow Welting Cord The welting cord provided by the invention is utilized in a conventional boxing strip comprising a fabric 10, the edges 12 of which are folded over the welting cord 20 of the invention. The edges 12 are attached at their very ends to the fabric 10 by means such as glue or stitching 14. The boxing strip is then combined with other fabric pieces to enclose an upholstered cushion.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the welting cord 20 is a foamed flexible polymeric cord which has been improved so as to be shaped as a hollow cord, such as a hollow cylinder. Specifically, the cord 20 has an exterior surface 22 and an interior surface 24, the latter of which forms a passageway 26 which is approximately centered within the cord 20. The surfaces 22 and 24 thus define the walls confining the foamed material of the cord. The cells ofthe material comprising the cord are substantially uniform in size throughout. Such uniform cell size provides uniform crush recovery to the cord when it is used in upholstery.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the exterior surface 22 has been formed so as to be velvety in character. By way of explanation. I have discovered that the smoothness of the exterior surface of previously referred to solid foamed cord discussed in the Background of the Invention" is due to the linear orientation of the cells defining the exterior surface of that cord, such linear orientation being a function of the speed of withdrawal of the foamed cord from the dies relative to the speed of extrusion. A speed of withdrawal which exceeds the extrusion speed tends to elongate. in a linear direction paralleling the axis of extrusion, the cells on the surface of the cord. This greater speed of withdrawal was heretofore necessary at least in part due to the tendency of solid cords to sag by their weight. By making the cord hollow, the weight is drastically reduced. and thereby I was able to greatly reduce the speed of withdrawal. Consequently, the linear orientation has been reduced in my cord and the exterior surface formed is velvety in character.
Another way of explaining this phenomenon is to define the amount of the excess speed of withdrawal by the amount of draw-down which occurs in the extruded cord. Draw-down" as used in this sense in this application means the decrease in cord diameter created by stretching the extruded cord as a result of such excess withdrawal speed, usually expressed as a percentage, from that diameter which otherwise would be obtained from the extruding and foaming operation ifthe extruding and withdrawal speed of the extruded cord were the same. Thus, I have found that one way to insure that the cord produced has the proper velvet surface characteristics is to limit the amount of draw-down to an amount which does not exceed about percent.
The exterior surface 22 of the present invention features cells throughout the entire exterior surface which are generally spherical in shape. It is these sperical shaped cells which provide the velvety feel to the cords, which in turn prevents slippage of the cord when the cord is combined with a boxing strip in upholstering operations.
As described above, another desired feature of the foamed welting cord of the invention is its hollow nature. For best results, such as resiliency under crushing, it has been found that the diameter (1" of the passageway 26 should be less than or equal to the thickness 1 of the material between the walls 22 and 24 (FIG. 3). Thus, particularly for cords wherein the passageway 26 is centered therein, the diameter d will be less than or equal to one third of the entire diameter of the cord as measured across the exterior surface 22. It has been found that hollow cords of this nature produce a round corner 28 (FIG. 2) at which any tendency to bulge outwardly is substantially reduced, resumably due tothe ability of the hollow cord to collapse upon itself. Such as improved corner 28 is desirable as it provides by its continued roundness an improved corner in the upholstery.
It will be appreciated that the hollowness of the cord need not depend upon only one passageway. Thus. a plurality of longitudinal passageways can be utilized, provided the wall thicknesses are such that they resist breaking when the cord is flexed or compressed.
The material utilized for the extruded cord 20 should be a flexible foamable polymer. Low density polyethylene has been found to be very effective. Other suitable expandable, flexible materials within this category are high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyls and specifically polyvinylchloride, polyurethane, and polybutylene, to name some. It should be understood that within certain aspects of this invention it is important that the material is only a single polymer and not a copolymer or a combination of two or more copolymers.
Method Of Making The Hollow Welting Cord ter the mixture is extruded in a well-known way through a die 30 (FIG. 4) having centered therein a needle mandrel 32. FIG. 4 schematically shows the pressure for extrusion being exerted by rams 33, whereas in actual practice a screw is used. Air is allowed into the center of the needle mandrel 32 as indicated by the arrow 34, which air insures that the material when extruded will form a tubular or hollow cord. As soon as the material of the mixture is extruded out of the die 30, expansion takes place due to the pressure of the gas generated by the blowing agent.Before that,
expansion is prevented by the pressure built up within the die. It will be readily appreciated that expansion after extrusion occurs in all three dimensions, and because of the presence of the air delivered by the mandrel 32, the passageway 26 is maintained within the cord 20. As the cord is formed, it is withdrawn from the die 30, preferably at a rate closely matching the previously referred to normal extruding rate which is the rate of formation of the cord due to the extrusion and the forming. Specifically, the foamed and extruded cord 20 should not be drawn away from the die 30 in such a manner to cause a draw-down which would exceed 15 percent. agent. Before In the above-described process, the blowing agent used is critical in certain respects which will now be discussed. The agent must have the characteristics also of a nucleating agent to insure that uniform cell size is obtained, and the decomposition of the agent must be controllable to a relatively slow rate to prevent holes from being blown radially through the cord. Both of these critical characteristics are obtained in the working example hereinafter set forth by using two blowing agents, one of which is talc-like in nature so as to provide nuclei for cell formation. One of the blowing agents, such as the nuclei-providing agent, also has a higher decomposition temperature so as to slow down the total decomposition to a controllable rate. Preferably, that higher temperature is such that the agent decomposes only because of the previous decomposition of the other agent having the lower decomposition temperature. A ready method of accomplishing this is to pick a lower decomposing agent having an exothermic decomposition reaction sufficient to raise the temperature of the mixture to that necessary to decompose at least a portion of the higher decomposing agent.
With the preceding limitations as the preferential requirements then, any blowing agent can be selected in the amount necessary to produce the proper controlled foaming. It should be noted that a separate nondecomposing nucleating agent can also be used.
Certain benefits are obtained from this process, such benefits being related to the characteristics of the hollow foamed cord so produced. That is, first of all, all of the expansion occurs after the extrusion, thereby avoiding any further extrusion of the type which would cause the cells of the surface 22 to linearly elongate or orient parallel to the axis of the cord. Secondly, the fact that cord is hollow allows the expansion to occur as described in all three dimensions, thereby assuring that the cell size of the foamed material will be uniform throughout. in contrast, elimination of the passageway 26 would prevent the cells in the center of the core 20 from expanding completely, thus producing a nonuniform cell size in the cord.
To better illustrate the aforedescribed process, a working example will now be set forth. This example is only one of many which can be utilized, depending upon the variations given to the variables described.
EXAMPLE 1 Low density polyethylene in pellet form was mixed with blowing agents azodicarbonamide and p, p-oxybis (benzene sulfonyl hydrazide) (hereinafter called hydrazide") in the following percentages by weight: polyethylene, 98 percent; azodicarbonamide, 0.5 percent; and hydrazide, 1.5 percent. The percentages of these blowing agents can be varied plus or minus 10 percent and still provide adequate foaming. This mixture was obtained by tumbling the blowing agents and pellets until the pellets are completely coated. after which the mixture was placed in an extruder where it was heated to approximately 320F., at which temperature the blowing agent hydrazide decomposed. The decomposition occurs exothermically so as to raise the temperature of the mixture by the heat so generated, to about 385F. at which temperature at least a portion of the azodicarbonamide decomposes. The total decomposition thus produces the gases nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and various solid decomposition products as are well-known to chemists skilled in the art. Pressure of up to 1,000 psi. was provided by the extruding screw at which time the heated material was extruded through the dies 30 around the needle mandrels 32. The pressure inside the die prevented expansion from occurring until after extrusion. Utilizing a plurality of die openings to form a plurality of strands at a time each having a final diameter of 5/32 inch, resulted in a rate of production of about 625 yards per hour per die opening. The resulting cords had a density in the walls of about 0.3 grams per cubic centimeter. The amount ofimpurities" left in the cord comprising the solid decomposition products from the blowing agents amounted to approximately 1.6% of the final weight of the cord, which figure is essentially negligible compared to the polyethylene weight and had no measurable effect on the performance of the resultant cord.
It will be readily appreciated that the aforedescribed cord and the process for making it produced the following advantages. By reason of its shollow construction, the cord has a resiliency which is superior to that obtainable by a solid cord, thus providing improved crushed recovery. This resiliency, of course, arises from the fact that the cells of a hollow cord are not crushed to the same extent as those of a solid cord, even for the same amount of exterior deformation. The resiliency and the hollowness ofthe cord allow the cord to bend around a angle without producing side flexing or bulging of the type which destroys the roundness of the cord. The hollow nature of the cord also allows it to be spliced internally by inserting a splint in the passageway 26. Because the cord is produced in hollow form. there is less weight to the cord, thereby eliminating the need for excessive withdrawal of the cord from the die, which in turn along with expansion after extrusion eliminates linear elongation or orientation of the cells on the surface of the cord. The elimination of such elongation and orientation allows the natural spherical shape of the foamed cells to give the exterior surface a velvet texture that insures non-slippage of the cord when it is combined with the boxing strips. Yet another advantage, at least when low density polyethylene is utilized, is that the cord can be produced utilizing a single chemical rather than a copolymer, thereby producing the cord inexpensively.
Reinforced Welting Cord Referring now to FIG. 5, another form of the present invention comprises the reinforced, foamed welting cord 40. As mentioned in connection with the hollow welting cord 20, the reinforced cord is especially adapted to be used in conjunction with an upholstery boxing strip 10, as shown in FIG. 1, although the cord may be used in other applications as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
The reinforced, foamed welting cord 40 is a foamed, flexible, polymeric cord having an internal reinforcing element or member 42 including a plurality of flexible polyester fibers or mono-filaments 44 assembled together in a bundle. The bundle of filaments 44 is approximately centered within the foamed cord 40 and extends along the entire length thereof. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, the diameter of the bundle of fibers 44 is much less than either the diameter of the entire cord 40 or the thickness of the wall or body of the cord 46 surrounding the bundle of filaments. The polyester fibers are sufficiently flexible so that they will not protrude through any covering fabric should the polymeric cord body wear thin. Thus, they will not cause discomfort for persons sitting on the upholstery as will cords including stiffer reinforcing elements such as fiberglass fibers.
The body 46 of the cord comprises a plurality of cells of the foamed polymeric material from which the cord is extruded, which cells are all substantially uniform in size throughout the cord. Generally, the cells are sperical in shape, especially on the exterior surface 48, which shape produces the non-smooth surface texture. As mentioned above in connection with the hollow welting cord 20, the uniform cell size along with the generally spherical cell shape provide a uniform crush recovery for the cord when it is used in upholstery and other applications, while the spherical cells exposed on the surface 48 of the cord prevent the slippage of the cord through the upholstery boxing strips when the cord is combined therewith. The spherical cell shape results from the maintenance of the speed of withdrawal of the foamed reinforced cord from the extrusion die at a rate not exceeding percent of the speed of extrusion. Thus. when the withdrawal speed is kept within this limitation, the cells are kept from being oriented in a linear direction parallelling the axis of extrusion and are allowed to take on their generally spherical. uniform shape resulting in the specific non-slipping advantages described above.
Further. it has been found that with the inclusion of the reinforcing member 42. the reinforced cord 40 retains a resiliency under crushing similar to that of the hollow welting cord described above. Thus. the reinforced welting cord also produces a rounded corner having few bulges or wrinkles in the cord even when bent around a small radius curve. The reinforced cord does not bulge. flatten out or collapse when bent. but retains its full. rounded form thereby producing a stable. aesthetically pleasing upholstery welt.
It will be appreciated that the specific advantages described above for the reinforced welting cord do not depend merely on a single reinforcing member or bundle of fibers. but may be accomplished by embedding a plurality of fibers at various locations within the interior of the cord 40. However. the location of all of the strengthening or reinforcing fibers 44 within the center of the cord greatly facilitates the extrusion of the cord. as will be described more fully below.
The materials utilized for the reinforced extruded foamed cord include flexible. foamable polymers. Preferably. low density polyethylene is used. Other suitable expandable. flexible materials within this category are high density polyethylene. polypropylene. polv\ inyls and specifically polyvinylchloride. polyurethane and polybutylene. It should be understood that the advantages of the reinforced cord are obtained utilizing only a single polymer and not from the combination of two or more copolymers. Thus. the specific advantages of the cord are accomplished while retaining significant economic advantages in the much lower cost of the single polymer.
Method Of Making The Reinforced Welting (ord Referring now to FIGS. 6 and 7. the process of forming the reinforced. foamed polymeric welting cord 40 is shown. Pellets of the single polymeric material. preferably low density polyethylene. are mixed with a suitable blowing agent in a container or other enclosure. a sufficient amount of the blowing agent being used to cause the polymeric material to be foamed. The blowing agents are generally powdered materials and the mixing is preferably accomplished by tumbling the pellets with the agents thereby coating the pellets evenly over their entire surfaces. The ambiant or room temperature mixture is then dumped into the hopper of a conventional. well-known screw type extruder 56 wherein the mixture is heated by setting the temperature of the extruder to approximately 340F. The heating of the mixture is sufficient to decompose at least one of the two components included in the blowing agent. the first component of the agent reacting in an exothermic chemical reaction thereby raising the temperature of the mixture sufficiently to cause the decom position of the second component of the blowing agent. Thus. the decomposition of the agent is controlled by means of the two step decomposition and thereby takes place at a relatively slow rate in order to prevent excess pressure from building up within the cord which might otherwise cause holes to be blown radially through the cord as it is extruded. Preferably. as described above in connection with the hollow welting cord manufacture. the second blowing agent component. having a higher decomposition temperature. is also a nucleating agent which provides the nuclei for the formation of cells in the extruded foamed reinforced cord. Although the exothermic reaction of the first component of the blowing agent may not be sufficient to decompose the entirety of the second component thereof. the first component should be chosen so as to cause at least a partial decomposition of the second component. Further. it has been found that the two component blowing agent described above produces the best results when forming the welting cord from a single polymer. Other types of blowing agents are unable to provide the advantages and uniform cell shape and size or the desirable nonsmooth surface texture.
Following the heating of the mixture in the extruder 56. the mixture is extruded through a single opening 58 in extruder die 59 by a conventional screw-type extruder auger 60. Simultaneously with the extrusion through the single opening 58. the reinforcing member 42 comprising the bundle of polyester fibers 44 is drawn and fed at a rate of speed equivalent to the speed of the extrusion through a needle mandrel 62 approximately centered in the opening 58. ln addition to strengthening the completed reinforced cord 40, the reinforcing member 42 is the primary reason enabling the extrusion to be accomplished at rates approximating 350 feet per minute since the reinforcing member acts as a carrier and support for the cord at it is withdrawn away from the die 59 of the extruder 56. As the heated mixture is extruded through opening 58, over and around needle mandrel 62. the extrusion takes the form of an elongated. continuous cylinder with the reinforcing member 42 approximately centered therein.
Immediately after the extrusion of the cord, the action of the blowing agents causes the cord to expand in three dimensions forming a continuous. cylindrical cord having uniform cell size through out. As shown in FIG. 7. the expansion of the cord in the area 63 includes the internal expansion ofthe cells into the space 64 left by the mandrel 62 during the extrusion of the cord. Thus. the reinforcing member 42 is securely retained in the center of the cord by the cells as they expand in the three dimensions.
As the cord expands following its extrusion, it is withdrawn away from the die 59 at a draw-down not exceeding 15% as explained above in connection with the hollow welting cord 20. Thus. the cells are not linearly oriented in the completed cord but have a spherical. uniform shape providing the exterior surface 48 of the cord with a non-smooth surface texture especially advantageous in cooperation with upholstery boxing strips. Thus. the withdrawal speed from die 59 is preferably closely matched with the normal extruding rate which. in the reinforced cord process. is approximately 350 feet per minute.
Since the reinforced cord is extruded at such high rates of speed. it cannot withstand shock cooling and therefore is preferably quenched first in a hot water bath 66 wherein the continuous. cylindrical cord 40 is drawn therethrough. Following the immersion in the hot water bath 66, cord 40 is drawn through an ambient or room temperature bath 68 after which the continuous cord is blown dry with an air blower 70. The temperature of the warm bath is preferably approximately 150F. whereas the room temperature or ambient bath is approximately 6570F. Motive power for drawing the reinforcing member 42 through needle mandrel 62 and the cord 40 away from the die 59 and through the successive baths 66 and 68 is provided by opposing belt rollers 72 and 74 which grasp and engage the continuous cylindrical reinforced cord. Thereafter, the cord is wound on a take-up reel 76.
A better illustration of the above-described reinforced welting process is provided by the following working example. This example is merely typical of many which may be utilized depending on the variance of the several variables involved.
EXAMPLE ll Low density polyethylene, commercially known as REXALL No. 143 polyethylene obtained from Rexine Polymers, Inc., Melrose Park, lllinois. was mixed by tumbling with a two-component blowing agent including azodicarbonamide and p, p'-oxybis (benzine sulfonyl hydrazide, hereinafter referred to as hydrazide) in the following proportions: 110 grams of azodicarbonamide, 350 grams of hydrazide, mixed with 50 lbs. (22,700 grams) of polyethylene. These amounts are equivalent to approximately 98 percent polyethylene, 1.5 percent hydrazide, and 0.5 percent azodicarbonamide or a ratio of 196:3:1, respectively. The blowing agents are commercially obtainable from UniRoyal of Naugatuck, Connecticut, under the trade names of Celogen O T (hydrazide) and Celogen AZ (axodicarbonamide). A variance in these blowing agents of approximately l percent will still provide adequate foaming of the polymer.
The mixture was tumbled to completely coat the polyethylene pellets, after which the mixture was dumped into the extruder and heated to approximately 340F. at which temperature the hdyrazide decomposed. The exothermic decomposition of the hydrazide generates heat raising the mixture temperature to approximately 360F., at which temperature at least a portion of the azodicarbonamide decomposes. Although the azodicarbonamide alone generally has a higher decomposition temperature than the 360F., mixtures of the hydrazide withthe azodicarbonamide reduce the decomposition temperatures somewhat. The entire decomposition process produces nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide gases as well as various solid decomposition products which are well known to chemists skilled in the art. The various gases cause a foaming of the mixture around the nuclei provided by the nucleating agent azodicarbonamide. A pressure of approximately 2,000 p.s.i. was provided by .the extruding screw as the heated. foamed material was extruded through the single die opening 59 around and over the needle mandrel 62. The pressures within the extruder prevent the expansion of the cells until after the extrusion.
Simultaneously with the extrusion, the reinforcing member 42 comprising the bundle of polyester fibers 44 was drawn and fed through the needle mandrel 62 into the center of the extruded cord. Utilizing the single die opening, the rate of production is approximately 350 feet per minute. This greatly increased speed over the production speed utilized with the hollow welting cord process, described above, is accomplished because of the supporting and carrying effect of the reinforcing element or member inserted in the center of the extruded cord.
Following the expansion of the cord. the cord was drawn through and immersed in hot water approximating F. for approximately 15 feet beginning approximately 6 inches from the opening of the extruder. Subsequent to the immersion in hot water, the cord was drawn through room temperature water of approximately 6570F. after which it was blown dry and rolled on take-up spools.
As described above, the draw-down was kept to a maximum of 15% to provide the uniform, spherical cells with the attendent advantages described above. The resulting cord had a density of approximately 0.3 grams per cubic centimeter with an average pore or cell size of 5 to 6 mils and a percent of voids of approximately 56 percent. The total of impurities left in the cord resulting from the blowing agents is approximately 2 percent thereby comprising an essentially negligible amount causing no measurable effect on the performance of the resulting cord.
Thus, the production of the reinforced welting cord is accomplished at a significantly greater speed due to the supporting and carrying effect of the reinforcing member 42. The resulting cord is significantly strengthened by the inclusion of the bundle of polyester filaments 44 thereby providing a stronger. more durable cord for use in various applications. Holding the drawdown to a maximum of 15 percent provides the exterior surface of the cord with the desirable, non-smooth. superior qualities advantageous in upholstering and other applications. Further, the resiliency and crushing recovery of the cord are excellent and allow the cord to be bent around even small radius curves without any side flexing or bulging destroying the roundness of the bent cord. Additionally. the use of the two component blowing agent allows the cord to be produced from a single polymer thereby allowing it to be manufactured much less expensively than other existing foamed cords.
While several forms of the invention have been shown and described, other forms will now be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it will be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are merely for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention which is defined by the claims which follow.
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
l. A welting cord formed from a single foamed, flexible polymer; said cord having a longitudinal axis and including strengthening means approximately centered therein and an exterior surface having cells of a generally uniform shape providing a non-smooth texture especially adapted to prevent slippage of the cord when combined with an upholstery boxing strip; said strengthening means including a plurality of flexible. reinforcing filaments embedded within and extending along the entire length of said cord; said non-smooth surface texture being chacterized by non-linear oriented, generally spherical cell shapes on said surface, said cord being formed with a draw-down during manufacture not exceeding about 15% preventing said cells at least on said surface from being oriented parallel to said axis.
2. A welting cord formed from a single foamed, flexible polymer. said cord having a longitudinal axis, being hollow, and including an exterior surface having a nonsmooth texture especially adapted to prevent slippage of the cord when combined with an upholstery boxing strip. said surface texture characterized by non-linear, oriented generally spherical cell shapes at least on said surface; means for internally splicing said cord including a passageway approximately centered therein and strengthening means within said passageway; said strengthening means comprising a reinforcing splint located within at least a portion of the length of said passageway and allowing said cord to be internally spliced by insertion and securement of said splint in the corresponding passageways of other lengths of said cord.
3. The welting cord of claim 2 wherein said cord has walls of a predetermined thickness; said passageway having a diameter less than or equal to said wall thickness.
4. The welting cord of claim 3 wherein said nonsmooth surface texture is characterized by non-linear cell shapes resulting at leasat in part from a draw-down of said cord during manufacture not exceeding about l percent.
5. The welting cord of claim 4 wherein said cells forming said cord are substantially uniform in size throughout.
6. The welting cord of claim 5 wherein said cord consists essentially of polyethylene having a density of approximately 0.3 grams per cubic centimeter.
7. The welting cord of claim 1 wherein said reinforcing filaments comprise a bundle of filaments wound together and approximately centered within said cord.
8. The welting cord of claim 7 wherein said cells forming said cord are substantially uniform in size throughout.
9. The welting cord of claim 8 wherein said reinforcing filaments comprise a plurality of polyester fibers; the cord body surrounding said reinforcing filaments consisting essentially of low density polyethylene.
10. In a welting cord having a longitudinal axis and formed from foamed. flexible, polymeric plastic, the improvement comprising said cord being hollow with a passageway approximately centered therein, the cells comprising at least the exterior surface of said foamed plastic cord being nonlinearly oriented such that they are other than parallel to said axis and generally uniform and spherical in shape; said cord having walls of a predetermined thickness; said passageway having a diameter less than or equal to said wall thickness.
11. In a welting cord formed from foamed flexible polymeric plastic, the improvement comprising said cord having a longitudinal axis and being hollow with at least one passageway therein wherein the exterior surface of said cord has a non-smooth texture especially adapted to prevent slippage of the cord when combined with an upholstery boxing strip; said exterior surface of said cord having a non-smooth texture characterized by non-linear oriented, generally spherical cell shapes on said surface, said cord being formed with a draw-down during manufacture not exceeding about 1571 preventing said cells at least on said surface from being oriented parallel to said axis.
12. The improved welting cord as defined in claim 10 wherein the cells forming said foamed plastic are substantially uniform in size throughout.
13. The improved welting cord as defined in claim 10 wherein said plastic is foamed so as to provide within the walls of said cord a density of approximately 0.3 grams per cubic centimeter.
14. A reinforced, foamed flexible, polymeric welting cord including a cylindrical body having a longitudinal axis and an exterior surface having a non-smooth texture especially adapted to prevent slippage of the cord when combined with an upholstery boxing strip and flexible reinforcing means for substantially preventing the permanent stretching of said cord and for supporting said cord during the extrusion manufacture thereof; said reinforcing means being embedded within said cord and extending longitudinally for the entire length thereof; said reinforcing means including a reinforcing member approximately centered in said cord; said nonsmooth surface texture characterized characaterized by non-linear oriented generally spherical cell shapes on said surface, said cord formed with a draw-down during manufacture not exceeding about 15% preventing said cells at least on said surface from being oriented parallel to said axis.
15. The welting cord of claim 14 wherein said member comprises a plurality of monofilaments wound into a bundle.
16. The welting cord of claim 15 wherein said monofilaments comprise polyester fibers.
17. The welting cord of claim 14 wherein said cells forming said body are substantially uniform in size throughout.
18. The welting cord of claim 14 wherein said body consists essentially of low density polyethylene having an average cell size of about 5.5 mils and about 56 percent voids.
DATED April 8, 1975 INVENTOR(S) David H. Esler It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 4,. line 49;
"agent, Before" should be deleted.
gignecl and Sealed this [SEAL] A tresl:
RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN Arresting Officer (ummisxinnvr n l' I'HHIIIS and Trademarks thirtieth Day of September1975
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 1, 1956
|Apr 12, 1960
|Shuford Mills
|Welding materials and upholstered or other fabric structures comprising same
|Aug 1, 1957
|Nov 21, 1961
|Bayer Ag
|Method of producing large bodies of uniform cellular polyurethane plastics
|Jun 11, 1963
|Jan 17, 1967
|Haveg Industries Inc
|Method of extruding a foamed plastic tube having internal and external skins thereon
|Apr 26, 1966
|Apr 21, 1970
|Du Pont
|Composite filament with elastomeric core and closed-cell foam sheath
|Aug 11, 1967
|Jul 13, 1971
|American Mfg Co Inc
|Welt cord
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 25, 1985
|Oct 15, 1985
|Sackner Products, Inc.
|Upholstery welt cord
|Apr 26, 1994
|May 2, 1995
|Wilson; Warren F.
|Artificial cattails and method for making artificial cattails
|Mar 29, 1995
|Oct 15, 1996
|Bemis Manufacturing Company
|Method and apparatus for manufacturing an extrusion having an uneven surface
|Jun 13, 1995
|Mar 13, 2001
|Commscope, Inc.
|Coaxial drop cable having a mechanically and electronically continuous outer conductor and an associated communications system
|Dec 3, 1997
|Aug 14, 2001
|Sackner Products, Inc.
|Upholstery welt cord
|Jul 29, 1999
|Oct 23, 2001
|Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.
|Method of increasing the strength and fatigue resistance of fiber reinforced composites
|Oct 10, 2000
|Nov 4, 2008
|Gottlieb Binder Gmbh & Co.
|Method for production of a flexible shaped strip
|Jul 24, 2008
|Feb 2, 2010
|Qingdao Jian Quan Ltd.
|Composite tubing
|U.S. Classification
|428/398, 428/400, 264/209.1, 521/143, 521/79, 264/54, 428/480, 521/95
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 19, 1991
Owner name: JASON INCORPORATED A DE CORPORATION, WISCONSIN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SACKNER PRODUCTS, INC., A DE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005816/0110
Effective date: 19910628
|Aug 19, 1991
|Assignment of assignor's interest
Owner name: JASON INCORPORATED A DE CORPORATION STE 2500 411 E
Effective date: 19910628
Owner name: SACKNER PRODUCTS, INC., A DE CORPORATION
|Jul 8, 1991
Owner name: FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO, THE
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JASON INCORPORATED A CORP. OF DELAWARE;REEL/FRAME:005756/0863
Effective date: 19910628


text:
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August 14, 2014
Not many artists have the vision and artistic energy to be Grammy winners and contribute to so many genres: jazz, rock, hip-hop, ambient, et al, while concurrently producing, touring, creating new projects, working on films, and continually pushing the envelope. Will Calhoun has this creative vision, and he is doing an extraordinary job keeping music a spiritual and motivating force in his life.
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