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Berkshires to Boston Bicycle Tour
8:00 AM Wed, Sep 17 - Sun, Sep 21, 2014
Venue: Hancock Shaker Village
Rte 20, Pittsfield, Ma, MA 01201
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The Berkshires to Boston Bicycle Tour is a four-day, 240 mile cycling adventure across the state of Massachusetts. Beginning in the scenic Berkshire hills along the New York border, the tour travels along four of the Commonwealth's scenic byways as it meanders through the Connecticut River Valley and spins through the historic communities of Lexington and Concord before arriving in Boston. On the final day, tour participants join more than 5,000 riders to celebrate bicycling in the Hub on Wheels, Boston's annual cycling festival.
Lowell Celebrates Kerouac
Massachusetts is proud of its literary icons – from Henry James and Emily Dickinson to...
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Klarque Garrison of "Survive 365"
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Mr. 365, D. Klarque Garrison, host of the blog, Survive 365, and the blog talk radio show, Survive 365: The Conversation of Survive 365 discusses his book, How to Survive the Next 365 | Your Lifeline to a Better Life.
Joanna Langfield's Movie Minute Reviews of The Martian and The Walk.
The Walk
Philippe Petit thinks of his tightrope performances as art. Taking on a high-wire task himself, Robert Zemeckis, retelling Petit's most famous walk, creates his own art, with a 3D mastery that is nothing but depth defying and beautifully sweat provoking.
Yes, this is the story of Petit's notorious walk between the just built towers of New York City's World Trade Center. Joseph Gordon-Levitt, balancing the Frenchman's arrogance and lithe charm, plays the ambitious stuntman and much of the early part of the film focuses on how Petit learned his craft and then, collected the people and plans to help him, almost literally and certainly illegally, walk on air. All of this is handled with a light grace, along with a few comic moments. We know we're all building up to 'the walk', a feat every viewer knows was actually accomplished. So how does Zemeckis grab us? It's visual. And what visual.
The Martian
A mass appeal movie that proclaims it's going to 'science the shit out of this'? Go figure: this genuinely thrilling sci-fi thriller about smart people is also sensational entertainment.
Ridley Scott's savvy spin on the best selling novel begins as a team of astronauts high tail it off of Mars, escaping an impending dust storm. One of their own has been killed in the evacuation and the long ride home is sad and sober. What they don't know is that the man they left behind, their friend, is actually very much alive.
Joanna Langfield's Movie Minute Reviews of The Intern and more...
Nancy Meyer's The Intern is really the appropriate title for this chapter of the great looking sweet story comedies this filmmaker has been deliveringfor years.
Mississippi Grind the gambling road movie, starring Ryan Reynoldsand Ben Mendelsohn. Both actors are terrific, but after a promising start, this road trip goes nowhere.
Joanna Langfield's The Movie Movie Minute Promo. 15 seconds
Joanna Langfield's The Movie Movie Minute Promo. 15 seconds.
Promo for Joanna Langfield's Movie Minute Podcast.
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The Movie Geeks discuss the latest releases, including Spy and She's Funny That Way, and consider the career of Peter Bogdanovich, the unique voice of critic Pauline Kael, the annual 48 Hour Filmmaker Challenge, and the 20 greatest WTF endings in the history of movies.
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Joanna Langfield's Movie Minute Review of Mission: Impossible Rogue Nation.
Mission: Impossible Rogue Nation
You sure get your bang for the buck with this one. Tom Cruise, as durable on screen as any movie star could be, and his team deliver an action packed espionage thriller that's so eye popping you hardly notice you have no idea of why they're really doing all that stuff.
Perhaps the funniest thing about this silly sequel is the shock and horror some are expressing in its wake. I'm not saying I didn't cringe watching some of the stuff that happens in this movie; I'm also not saying I didn't laugh out loud a few times, too.
Joanna Langfield's Movie Minute Reviews of Black Mass and more...
Black Mass
While the whole is less than the sum of its parts, this retelling of the Whitey Bulger story sure has some magnificent parts.
A virtually unrecognizable Johnny Depp stars as the notorious Boston mobster, a character and legend so compelling it has been the pulpy stuff of many books and films, most entertainingly in Scorsese's throbbing The Departed.
Other Movies:
Everest - in Imax and 3D
The Scorch Trials- Another chapter in the Maze Runner Series.
Joanna Langfield's Movie Minute Review of Ted 2.
Do you have to be high in order to laugh here? No, but for a whole lot of this movie it sure feels that way. It's really too bad MacFarlane relies so much on the weed breaks he slots so often in this movie. Not only do they slow the fun, they feel repetitive and lazy. And, as we have seen in so much of his work, when MacFarlane tries, he really can deliver some very funny and, as is his signature, topically targeted stuff.
Joanna Langfield's Movie Minute Podcast of Movies for the Fall Season.
Movies for the Fall Season. Black Mass, starring Johnny Depp. Tobey Macguire as Bobby Fischer. The Intern, starring Robert Deniro and Ann Hathaway. The Walk, starring Joseph Gordon Levitt. Matt Damon in The Martian.
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The Movie Geeks review the latest releases, including Aloha, San Andreas and Entourage, and welcome home entertainment correspondent Adam Long to discuss recent blu-ray releases.
Joanna Langfield's Movie Minute Review of Inside Out.
There's no real way to prepare yourself for the flat out marvel of Inside Out, the Pixar release that not only revives the studio's legacy, but the whole concept of family entertainment. Yes, this gorgeously animated story is based on the lives of the innermost emotions of an 11 year old girl, but its keen perceptions, astonishing concept and goofy humor make this a movie that will dazzle viewers of any age.
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Texas Rangers Fire Social Media Staffer Who Tweeted "Fire Charlie" (UPDATE)
And less than an hour later: »
And less than an hour later: »
Notifications on Twitter, ranked from best to worst:
When the Miami Marlins sent Marcell Ozuna to the minors on July 5, there was more in play than just giving the slumping third-year outfielder a chance "to get his rhythm back," as Ozuna's agent Scott Boras said he was told. Whether Ozuna becomes eligible for arbitration after this season or next depends on how much… »
Yet again setting a new standard for franchise incompetence, the Washington football team has now been humiliated by Jessica McCloughan, wife of general manager Scot McCloughan, having to apologize for accusing an ESPN reporter of giving blow jobs for access.
Joke theft is a hot topic at the moment: with perpetrators like The Fat Jew finally facing repercussions for their comedy larceny and Twitter removing plagiarized tweets, it appears we've reached a day of reckoning for those who lack the wit to write their own jokes. »
Inspired by our friends at Vice Sports, we wanted to write paeans to our favorite sports-adjacent tweets. These are not necessarily the best tweets, but they are the tweets that, for one reason or another, have always stuck with us. »
Clemson football players have once again been banned from posting or interacting on any kind of social media during the season, USA Today reports. The ban has been in effect since August 3rd and while players don't necessarily have to deactivate their accounts, they are restricted to merely lurking without making… »
Former ESPN and current MMQB contributor Andrew Brandt is known around these parts for one thing: mercilessly pounding unfunny Twitter jokes into the ground. After delivering classics such as "Served with a defibrillator" and "Ham sandwich trade," Brandt has unveiled his latest stroke of comedic genius.… »
For about an hour this evening, a scorned sex app went on a series of 140-character tirades, teaching all of us two very important things: 1) Tinder, just like us, cannot handle rejection. And 2) the monster running its Twitter account has no idea what North Korea is. »
Ohio State quarterback Cardale Jones speaks his mind on Twitter—that's how everyone learned that he didn't join the Buckeyes' program to "play SCHOOL"—so today, he talked about something that wasn't football. Some lout named Dan told Jones to stay in his lane, and ended up getting the business. »
Thing to do when Broadway is going to be shut down for two hours to honor a World Cup-winning soccer team: make sure the pizza place you ordered 10 pies from for lunch is located on the same side of the street. »
DeAndre Jordan's having second thoughts about where he wants to sign, so now the Mavericks and Clippers are standing at either side of him, clapping and telling him to walk to them. Dallas thought it had an agreement with Jordan, but now the Clippers are making a desperate second effort. The Mavericks' Chandler… »
Bomani Jones dished some takes about Russell Wilson's sexless relationship with Ciara on Highly Questionable today, and his thoughts on premarital sex didn't resonate with ESPN coworker Chris Broussard. The NBA writer came at Jones on Twitter for believing that chastity was silly. »


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Last Updated: July 29, 2015
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The purpose of this LEAGUE shall be to develop, promote, and administer the game of soccer for the youth of Union City, with the high ideals of sportsmanship and fair play according to the LAWS OF THE GAME. Union City Youth Soccer League is a member of the California Youth Soccer Association and serves the youth of Union City and surrounding areas. Union City Youth Soccer League offers fun and challenging programs for all ages and abilities. Affiliated playing leagues include CSSL, CYSA-Cal North, Norcal Premier, GSSL, and Recreational leagues.
Location change for Soccer Registrations This Weekend
Fall Soccer Registrations for June 13, 2015 are being moved from James Logan High School to Dalaine Eastin Elementary school due to the graduation event at James Logan High School. Registrations will take place from 10:00am to 1:00pm.
Delaine Eastin Elementary - 34901 Eastin Dr, Union City, CA 94587
2015 Fall Season Registration Dates Announced
Union City Youth Soccer League invites our community to register for our fall soccer program which has been serving the City of Union City for more than 40 years. We are kicking off our registration season on Saturday May 30 at James Logan High and on June 27 at Mountain Mikes Pizza (Union Landing). A complete list of walk up registrations dates are listed below.
All boys and girls ages 4-16 are encouraged to register for our fall program. Fall Registration includes:
• Opening Day Ceremony
• New Complete Uniform
• 8-10 Games
• Two practices a week
• Fall participation award
Please Bring:
Copy of Birth Certificate
Cash, Check, Credit Card
*Players ages 9-16: Passport size photo
About Mini Kickers and Mini Dribblers
Union City Youth Soccer League is known for a solid youth recreational soccer program which prides itself on developing players to reach their maximum potential, while enjoying themselves in a positive learning environment. Our Grassroots program called Mini Kickers (U4) and Mini Dribblers (U5-U6) is a great way for those young soccer players who love the game and are looking to excel in learning the fundamental skills necessary to become a solid soccer player. Union City Youth Soccer League is proud to offer this program to the children in and around Union City. Mini Kickers (U4) and Mini Dribblers (U5-U6) is a fun and educational way for kids to deeply learn about the wonderful game of soccer.


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It's the Silver Foxes' biggest Halloween show....EVER!!!
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NPR Newscast
4min 45sec
Syrians take refuge Thursday at the Bab Al-Salameh border crossing near the Syrian town of Azaz, in hopes of entering one of the refugee camps in Turkey.
Muhammed Muheisen/AP
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August 31, 2012 Refugees are crowding the borders at the end of the bloodiest month since the anti-government uprising began. Many are abandoning their homes in rebel-held towns. Although the rebel brigades have grown bolder, they are mainly powerless against bombardment from Syria's air force.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160348136/160366753" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
Republican Mitt Romney greets audience members after delivering a speech in Jerusalem on July 29. Israel's new prominence in campaign rhetoric has some in the Jewish state worried.
Charles Dharapak/AP
hide caption
August 31, 2012 The country has featured prominently in past campaigns, but observers say it's different this time. The shift is partially attributed to the GOP's aggressive courting of the Jewish vote and the Israeli government's perceived taking of sides, a charge it denies.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160346085/160366688" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
August 30, 2012 Egypt's President Mohammed Morsi has urged the Nonaligned Movement to back Syria's rebels, saying the Bashar Assad government has lost its legitimacy. Morsi's speech prompted a walkout by the Syrian delegation. It was also a slap in the face of the summit's host, Iran, which remains a firm supporter of the Assad government.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160338594/160338575" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
August 30, 2012 The Syrian crisis continues to deepen as the conflict rages on. And pressure grows on the international community as refugees stream out. NPR foreign correspondent Kelly McEvers, former ambassador to Syria Edward Djerejian and Washington Post columnist David Ignatius discuss diplomatic options.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160322679/160322672" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
August 30, 2012 Turkey's foreign minister plans to ask the U.N. Security Council to establish a safe zone inside Syria for refugees fleeing the war there. With close to 100,000 refugees already in camps on Turkish territory, the foreign minister says his government lacks the capacity to host more.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160293880/160293979" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
August 29, 2012 Iran is in the spotlight this week as it hosts a summit of nonaligned nations. U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is attending, ignoring the advice of Israel and the U.S., which have been trying to isolate Iran. U.N. officials say Ban will bring a tough message to Iran. But others are skeptical.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160244983/160265951" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
August 29, 2012 Some 10,000 Syrian refugees are camped out along the northern border with Turkey, hoping to cross the frontier. Close to 100,000 Syrians are already in camps on the Turkish side of the border, and now the local government wants the UN Security Council to establish a safe zone on the Syrian side. Deborah Amos talks to Audie Cornish.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160265976/160265955" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
The Syrian rebels have no one source for their weapons and have had to scrape together their arsenal in various ways. Here, Abdel Hakim Yassin, a rebel commander in northern Syria, inspects a Yugoslav illumination mortar round that was brought to him by an Iraqi arms dealer.
Bryan Denton for The New York Times
hide caption
August 29, 2012 Syrian rebels have been begging for weapons from foreign countries but have had to rely heavily on arms that they capture, smuggle or make themselves. New York Times reporter C.J. Chivers spent time with the rebels in northern Syria as they planned attacks.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160258786/160266231" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
August 28, 2012 In a recent piece, Ray Takeyh explains that Iran's revolutionary government thrives on conflict and that Iran's provocative foreign policy helps it "sustain an ideological identity." Takeyh explains what we need to know to understand Iran's motives in its dealings with the U.S. and other countries.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160185199/160185192" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
August 28, 2012 An Israeli judge has dismissed a civil lawsuit brought by the family of pro-Palestinian activist Rachel Corrie. The judge ruled the death of the American was not caused by the negligence of the Israeli state or army. Corrie was crushed by an Israeli bulldozer in 2003 while protesting the demolition of a Palestinian home in the southern Gaza Strip.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160155238/160155285" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
August 28, 2012 Egypt's new President Mohammed Morsi is on his first major foreign tour. He's visiting China, and later this week Iran which is hosting a summit of the Non-Aligned Movement. Morsi says he wants to re-assert Egypt's influence in the Middle East and work with other regional powers to find a way to end the conflict in Syria.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160155232/160155280" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
August 27, 2012 Ban Ki-moon called the killing of 300 Syrians an "appalling and brutal crime."
Syrian children, who fled their home with their family, take refuge at the Bab Al-Salameh border crossing, in hopes of entering one of the refugee camps in Turkey on Sunday.
Muhammed Muheisen/AP
hide caption
August 27, 2012 The revolt began in the countryside, but it is now concentrated in two main cities: Damascus and Aleppo. While poor Syrians are flooding refugee camps on the borders, the middle- and upper-class civilians can pay to cross. Despite tension, some are seeking ways to build a post-Assad future together.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160083142/160095752" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
August 26, 2012 NPR's Deb Amos has the latest from the Syrian conflict where heavy fighting continued throughout last week in the country's two largest cities, Damascus and Aleppo. There is still no sign of any movement on the diplomatic front.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/160063493/160063478" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
Palestinians enjoy a day at a beach last week. Many West Bank Palestinians allowed into Israel in recent weeks headed to the Mediterranean shore.
Uriel Sinai/Getty Images
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August 26, 2012 Israel has allowed relatively few Palestinians to visit in recent years. But for the holy month of Ramadan and the holiday that followed, Israel loosened security restrictions and allowed 1.2 million Palestinians to enter.
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text:
Massacre Grounds is a 6 mile out and back trail located near Tortilla Flat, Arizona that features a waterfall and is good for all skill levels. The trail is primarily used for hiking and is accessible from October until April.
Stephanie Arnold Koppal (227)
5 months ago
Absolutely beautiful back country. Trail was a bit difficult but considering I'm chubby and have bad knees, it wasn't too bad. The falls was dry, they really only flow after a rain storm. But was still interesting to see the cliffs. Took me about 5 hours round trip.
Jodey Shepherd (1128)
6 months ago
Great arizona views. I would rate this as moderate though due to the elevation is up and down so the reflected total gain is misleading as i bet it's 4 times that. Did this with my Nike sneakers and did fine.
Angie Dahms (135)
7 months ago
A little difficult for this older person with artificial knees. Made it to the top and back in 4 hours including a side trip to the pools beneath the falls so my dog could jump in. Lots of up hill hiking with very little shade after the first couple miles. All in all an enjoyable hike.
Nicole Luckett (289)
7 months ago
Easy fun hike, with two kids ages 7 and 11. Beautiful. There were lots of areas where the water was running off the rocks, Great views!
Mike Goulding (68)
8 months ago
A fun hike! Easy enough and the views were nice. Not as interesting as some of the other nearby trails, but we still had a good time.
Danelle Eleson (1522)
11 months ago
Scenic hike on the back side of the Superstition Mountains. There has been enough rain recently that the waterfall was going pretty good. About 2.5 miles into the hike the trail becomes difficult to spot. We did the waterfalls and overlook. Quiet, peaceful, and beautiful trail. Neatly 6 miles all together.
Doug Neidholdt (99313)
1 year ago
Nice starter hike in the desert, not very long or strenuous. Nice features, rock formations.
May Gan (67)
2 years ago
This place is amazing! Off the beaten path and alot of solitude...after the abandoned parking lot to the left is Mossy rocks..climb up to the caves!
Chris Ahearn (1270)
2 years ago
This trail is closed. There is no access to this trail from either the Crosscut trail head or First water trail head.
Dan Robrecht (1702)
3 years ago
Nice enough, but less interesting than many hikes in the Sups.


text:
Scenes from Irene
Two days after Hurricane Irene, Henrico residents were displaying not only their ingenuity, but their sense of humor in the aftermath of the storm. The Henrico Citizen visited neighborhoods in the particularly hard-hit Tuckahoe District Monday and found widespread damage but positive attitudes as well.
On Sweetbriar Road in Westham, near the University of Richmond, the owner of a home partially collapsed by the weight of a huge fallen tree displays the sign, "Scratch and Dent Sale."
On Lakewood Drive in Westham (above), F. Claiborne ("Jay") Johnston, Jr., brought his car to a stop next to a reporter taking pictures and said jokingly, "I hope you're my adjuster!"
Although a crew was busily at work on their damaged roof – and a crushed car sat in the driveway – Johnston and his wife Carolyn considered themselves "extremely lucky."
They heard their tree come down at 3:15 p.m. Saturday, as Johnston was upstairs and his wife was downstairs.
"It was like a hand grenade going off," said Johnston. He speculated that the noise was the result of the tree hitting his wife's car, which appeared to take most of the blow.
"It's almost like the tree forked when it hit the house," he said, tracing the paths of the two tree-top pieces.
The glancing blow left a small hole in the corner of his roof ("You could go up in the attic and see daylight") but there was no water damage and not a single broken window.
"It went down one side of the house and killed the crepe myrtle and holly in the front. But hell, we can live with that."
With a smile, Johnston noted that his wife was inclined to look at the bright side of the destruction as well. He quoted her reaction upon seeing her clobbered automobile as a delighted, "I get a new car!"
Three trees fell within a half-block radius on Lakewood Drive; one of them totaled a Henrico County Department of Public Works truck that had responded to an earlier call, according to Henrico Fire spokesman Chris Buehren. It was the only damage to a county vehicle reported from the storm.
After seeing the damaged truck, Johnston marveled, "It was crushed! If those guys had been in it...."
Johnston's neighbor on Lakewood, Julie Black, lost her landscaping and a flower bed when county crews dragged a neighbor's hickory tree off her lot in order to clear the street.
"They have a lot of nuts!" she said of hickory trees, tossing handfuls into the pile of debris she had collected. "You never realize it until they fall."
But Black also considered herself fortunate.
Home from her job at the darkened downtown offices of the Virginia Capital Trail Foundation, Black said Irene was much kinder than Hurricane Isabel, which dropped a tree on her home in 2003.
She offered nothing but praise for Dominion Power and the county utility crews, who responded quickly after both storms.
"A lot of people complain about Dominion Power," she said, "but I always defend them."
She waved to a neighbor driving by, and the neighbor opened her window to tell Black excitedly, "Dominion [Power] is here!"
As she drove off, the neighbor called out with a laugh, "We must have someone powerful in the neighborhood!"
A beach ball lies squashed – but remarkably, still inflated – between an uprooted tree and a now undulating fence on Glendale Road (above). Nearby, a BBQ grill tilts dangerously off kilter.
On Cedarbrooke Lane off Ridge Road (above), a fallen tree lies sprawled across the front yard.
An upended mailbox still rakishly clings to its pole on Cedarbrooke Lane (above), open to the sky, as if belatedly begging for mercy from the storm.
A car lies crushed beneath a huge tree felled by the storm on Cedarbrooke Lane (above).
On Baldwin Road at Stuart Hill, a tree blocks the road (above).
A tree lies across a yard on San Juan Drive off Forest Avenue (above).
On University Boulevard off Patterson Avenue (above), a falling tree had a domino effect on a utility pole and strands of wire are everywhere.
A fallen tree blocks the sign at Cheswick Park on Forest Avenue (above).
A tree at this home on Sweetbriar Road (above) was uprooted during the storm, taking out others as it fell
A neighbor on Sweetbriar Road (above) jokingly erected this sign, which read "Scratch and Dent sale" in the aftermath of the storm's damage.
On Tarrytown Road in Sleepy Hollow (above), the damage was similar.
On Cedarbrooke Lane, a tree flattened a barely-recognizable basketball goal.
More cyclists on the way
Riders to pass through county on East Coast Greenway tour
Citizen Staff Reports 10/02/2015
From October 4-9, 35 cyclists will be riding through Henrico County as part of a 325-mile tour of the East Coast Greenway (ECG) route from Fredericksburg, Virginia, to Raleigh, NC.
A 2,900-mile trail route that extends from the Canadian border at Calais, Maine, to Key West, Florida, The East Coast Greenway is heading into its 25th year. The Week A Year (WAY) Tour is an annual ride and fundraiser that has been working its way south since the first WAY Tour launched from Calais, Maine in 2011. Riders cover a different section of the Greenway each year and are on target to complete the route in Key West in 2019. > Read more.
A 2,900-mile trail route that extends from the Canadian border at Calais, Maine, to Key West, Florida, The East Coast Greenway is heading into its 25th year. The Week A Year (WAY) Tour is an annual ride and fundraiser that has been working its way south since the first WAY Tour launched from Calais, Maine in 2011. Riders cover a different section of the Greenway each year and are on target to complete the route in Key West in 2019. > Read more.
Henrico woman wins $1M in Va. Lottery game
Citizen Staff Reports 10/02/2015
When Amanda Spiller of Henrico saw that she'd won the $1 million prize in the Virginia Lottery's $100 Million Cash Extravaganza game, it didn't immediately sink in.
"I was in shock. . . complete shock," she said. "I had to double and triple check."
She bought the winning ticket at the 7-Eleven at 2750 Hungary Spring Road in Henrico. She had the choice of taking the full $1 million prize over 30 years or a one-time cash option of $681,000 before taxes. She chose the cash option. The store received a $10,000 bonus from the Lottery for selling the winning ticket. > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
For our Top 10 calendar events this weekend, click here! > Read more.
Henrico Education Foundation receives STEM grant from Dominion
Richmond Montessori to host three open houses
GRCC to host 12th District Senate forum
Henrico, Habitat partner to host home maintenance workshops
Supervisors vote to purchase future park site for $2.8M
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Print Edition
Oct. 1, 2015Click here to read the print edition.
Weekend Top 10
New restaurant opens at Virginia Center Commons
Restaurant watch
Elliott Yamin to perform Friday at The Tin Pan
Tuckahoe Artists Association to be featured at Cultural Arts Center
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Obituary – Mark Robert Reeves
Obituary – Hardin T. Brotherton
Obituary – John Patrick Markey
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More cyclists on the way
Henrico woman wins $1M in Va. Lottery game
Ruritans Club marks 50th anniversary
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The greatest love of all
My daughters' other dads
All hail to mothers and the hardest job of all
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Athlete of the Week – July 3: Kayla Sell
Athlete of the Week – June 19: Sydney Whitaker
Steward School's Enright drafted by NY Mets
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ClassifiedsREADERS & MUSIC LOVERS. 100 Greatest Novels (audio books) ONLY $99.00 (plus s h.) Includes MP3 Player & Accessories. BONUS: 50 Classical Music Works & Money Back Guarantee. Call Today!… Full text
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CalendarAmerican Legion Auxiliary Unit 125 will hold a Yard Sale from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. at Post 125, 1401 Hilliard Rd. Table rental is $10 each. Funds will go… Full text


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June 10, 2015 - Industry News
Six new lanes, one wildlife overcrossing, new bridges and culverts, and safety improvements are coming to a 2-mile stretch of Interstate 90 in Washington State.
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March 12, 2015 - Industry News
The American Road & Transportation Builders Association is floating a detailed "political solution" that it contends would "permanently resolve the issue of [using] short-term fixes" to fund future investments in highway/bridge and transit capital projects.
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September 3, 2014 - Industry News
Several lane closures on Interstate 64 in St. Louis are expected to impact drivers heading downtown from Sept. 4-10.
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August 7, 2014 - Industry News
Get ready for Denver's version of "carmageddon" or "truckpocalypse" this weekend, when there will be a shutdown of part of Interstate 25 in the city's southwest section. It's because of the I-25 Gap Lane Project, where crews are working to add a fourth northbound lane.
Tags: Colorado, Highway Construction, I-25, Interstate 25, Truckpocalypse
November 21, 2013 - Industry News
Truckers navigating the Arkansas highway system can now do so more safely and efficiently thanks to a new travel and construction information web site developed by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department.
Tags: Arkansas, Highway Construction
We offer e-newsletters that deliver targeted news and information for the entire fleet industry.
The expert, Mark Betner from CITGO, will answer your questions
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Diesel Fuel Test Takes 20 Minutes
CT50 Mobile Computer Offers Flexible Features
Accuride App Displays Products and Information


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Review for Evernote Clearly by ILMostro7
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Printable View
Originally Posted by Jozette The Joker
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Director Gabrielle de Cuir asks Ender's Jeesh, "Who's the Smartest?" as she warms the cast up for another day of recording the epic Ender's Game Alive - The Full Cast Audio written by Orson Scott Card, produced by Skyboat Media..
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Several polymorphisms of genes involved in the immunological recognition of Helicobacter pylori and regulating apoptosis and proliferation have been linked to gastric carcinogenesis, however reported data are partially conflicting. The aim of our study was to evaluate potential associations between the presence of gastric cancer (GC) and high risk atrophic gastritis (HRAG) and polymorphisms of genes encoding Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Nod-like receptor 1 (NOD1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and FAS/FASL.
Gene polymorphisms were analyzed in 574 subjects (GC: n = 114; HRAG: n = 222, controls: n = 238) of Caucasian origin. ACE I/D (rs4646994), NOD1 796G>A (rs5743336), TLR4 3725G>C (rs11536889), FAS 1377G>A (rs2234767), FAS 670A>G (rs1800682) and FASL 844T>C (rs763110) were genotyped by different PCR approaches and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
Frequencies of genotypes in our study are similar to the data reported on subjects of Caucasian ethnicity. There was a tendency for NOD1 796G/G genotype to be associated with increased risk of HRAG (62.4% vs. 54.5% in controls, p = 0.082). FAS 670G/G genotype was more frequent in HRAG when compared to controls, 23.9% and 17.2% respectively, however it failed to reach significance level (p = 0.077). We did not find any significant associations for all polymorphisms in relation to GC or HRAG. NOD1 796G>A and TLR4 3725G>C gene polymorphisms were also not associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.
ACE, NOD1, TRL4 and FAS/FASL gene polymorphisms are not linked with gastric carcinogenesis in Caucasians, and therefore they should not be considered as potential biomarkers for identifying individuals with higher risk for GC.
Based on the current paradigm, gastric carcinogenesis is considered as multistep process involving complex interplay between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, environmental and host genetic factors [1]. In gastric carcinogenesis two distinct pathways have been suggested for intestinal and diffuse type of gastric cancer (GC) (1). Correa et al. [2] demonstrated that H. pylori infection induces chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, leading to atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM), which are regarded as essential predisposing factors in intestinal-type GC development. Many researchers have shown a close relationship between H. pylori not only for intestinal-type GC, but also for diffuse-type GC [3,4]. Furthermore, although AG and IM are considered as obligatory predisposing factors in intestinal-type GC, the accumulating evidence suggests that AG and IM are at least partially associated with GC of the diffuse-type as well [3]. Up to date, no molecular screening methods are available for sporadic GC, therefore pathogenetic mechanisms involved in different stages of gastric carcinogenesis need to be further elucidated to allow identification of individuals with increased risk for GC. Recent studies have revealed several genetic polymorphisms related to immune-recognition of H. pylori, cell proliferation, and apoptosis pathways that were linked with premalignant gastric conditions and GC, but further research is needed to establish their role in gastric carcinogenesis [5].
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is expressed by different cell types [6] and generates Angiotensin II, which is a key effector in renin-angiotensin system. Recent reports provided evidence that Angiotensin II is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammation through the Angiotensin II type 1 receptors, which are expressed on tumor and endothelial cells [7-9]. Insertion (I) or deletion (D) polymorphism of ACE gene was shown to have functional relevance, since the carriers of D allele have higher ACE activity [10]. ACE I/D polymorphism was linked with early development and spread of GC [11], but the studies report null association with the overall risk for GC [12,13]. ACE I/D polymorphism was not linked with gastric atrophy in Asian subjects [14]. There are however no reports that evaluate the role ACE I/D polymorphism in premalignant gastric conditions in Caucasians and studies addressing the role of ACE I/D polymorphisms in gastric carcinogenesis are limited.
Nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain 1 (NOD1) is a member of the Nod-like receptors, which is expressed in the cytoplasm of antigen presenting cells and gastric epithelial cells and is involved in recognition of gram-negative bacteria [15]. It is known that stimulation of gastric epithelial cells with NOD1 ligands leads to production of proinflammatory cytokines [16,17] and NOD1 participates in host defense against mucosal infection with H. pylori infection [17,18]. Recently NOD1 was found to respond to peptidoglycan delivered by H. pylori cagPAI [19]. Given the significant role of H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis, it is hypothesized that genetic variations in gene encoding NOD1 receptor could be related to different outcomes. Gene polymorphism 796G>A of NOD1 has been linked with peptic ulcer disease in H. pylori-positive patients [20] and a significant association with very high odds ratios has been recently reported for the risk of premalignant lesions in the antrum of the stomach [21]. Up to date, the data on NOD1 796G>A gene polymorphism remain very scarce and there are no reports concerning the role of this polymorphism in patients with GC.
Another important receptor for the recognition of H. pylori is Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of Toll-like receptors family. TLR4 recognizes lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria, and it is thought to interact with macrophage/monocyte in response to H. pylori infection [22]. Expression of TLR4 by gastric epithelium is upregulated in H. pylori-induced gastritis compared to non-inflamed gastric mucosa [23]. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR4 gene are thought to disrupt the normal structure of the extracellular region of the TLR4 and are therefore hypothesized to decrease responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide through alterations in binding. TLR4 896A>G polymorphism was found to be associated with higher risk of H. pylori-induced GC and its precursors [24]. Recently, a novel polymorphism in TLR4 gene 3725G>C (rs11536889) with functional relevance was identified [25] and linked with severe gastric atrophy in Asian population [26]. This is however the only report on TLR4 3725G>C polymorphism and the potential link with premalignant gastric lesions or GC has not been evaluated yet.
The role of apoptosis in tumor genesis has been well established [27]. The FAS and FASL system plays an important role in regulating apoptotic cell death, initiating the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis [28]. Decreased expression levels of FAS and FASL are associated with different malignancies as well as the progression of gastric carcinoma [29]. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) FAS 1377G>A (rs2234767), FAS 670A>G (rs1800682) and FASL 844T>C (rs763110) were shown to affect gene expression [30,31]. Liu et al. showed an association between these FAS/FASL gene polymorphisms and higher risk of GC [32], while other studies reported null associations [33,34]. These polymorphisms were also associated with the risk of atrophic gastritis [35], however the data published on the association with risk for GC are still scarce and there are no reports on the role FAS/FASL polymorphisms with respect to GC in Caucasians.
Given the pathophysiological significance of ACE, NOD1, TLR4, FAS and FASL genes in gastric carcinogenesis, it is intriguing to assess the role of these polymorphisms for the development of GC and H. pylori-associated premalignant gastric lesions. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate potential links between the presence of GC or HRAG and ACE I/D, NOD1 796G>A, TLR4 3725G>C, FAS 1377G>A, FAS 670A>G and FASL 844T>C gene polymorphisms in 114 patients with GC, 222 patients with HRAG and 238 controls of Caucasian origin. This study provides further insights in the puzzle of genetic susceptibility for GC and its precursors.
Study population
Subjects included in the study came from our previous research groups on IL-1B, IL-1RN and NOD2 gene polymorphisms [36-38]. Patients were recruited at three gastroenterological centers in Germany, Lithuania and Latvia. In Germany, patients with GC, HRAG and healthy controls were recruited from the Department of Gastroenterology of the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg between 1998 and 2008. Patients with HRAG were included from the Out-patient Department, and from a clinical study aimed at the long-term follow up of H. pylori infection. Controls were recruited from clinical studies with healthy volunteers and subjects from the Out-patient Department with dyspeptic symptoms.
In Lithuania and Latvia, patients with HRAG and controls were included from the Out-patient Departments of University Hospitals in Kaunas and Riga. All the individuals were referred for upper endoscopy because of dyspeptic symptoms during the period of 2005-2006.
The inclusion criteria of HRAG and controls were no history of malignancy, gastrointestinal disease or surgery. GC was determined by histology. From all participants, DNA for genotyping was available. In total, 346 individuals (114 GC, 140 HRAG, 92 controls) from Germany and 228 individuals from Lithuania and Latvia (82 HRAG, 146 controls) were included. All patients were of Caucasian ethnicity. The study was approved by the Ethics Committees of the OvG University Magdeburg, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences and University of Latvia, and informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all subjects included.
Histological analysis and H. pylori status
Scoring of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia was done according to the modified Sydney classification [39]. Histological evaluation for GC type was carried out according to the Laurén classification [40]. HRAG was defined as pan-gastritis (similar inflammatory scores in antrum and corpus), corpus-predominant gastritis with or without the presence of gastric atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia either in antrum or corpus as described by Uemura et al. and Meining et al. [41,42]. H. pylori status was determined by testing for anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in sera.
Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the QIAamp DNA blood kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
The ACE I/D genotype (rs4646994) was determined by PCR using primers: forward 5'-CTGGAGACCACTCCCATCCTTTCT-3' and reverse, 5'-GATGTGGCCATCACATTCGTCAGAT-3'. An initial 15 minute denaturation at 95° was followed by 40 cycles of 1 min at 64°C, 1 min at 72°C, and 35 s at 95.5°C. Amplified ACE gene polymorphisms were separated on 1.0% agarose gels, and visualized by ethidium bromide staining. D and I alleles were determined by the presence of 190 or 490 bp fragments (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Gene polymorphisms were determined by DNA fragment migration profile on agarose gel and visualized by ethidium bromide staining: A. ACE I/D genotypes: D or I alleles were identified by the presence of 190 or 490 bp fragments B. NOD1 796G>A genotypes: wild-type DNA is visible as a double-band 209 bp and 170 bp (GG); the mutated DNA is visible as a single 379 bp band (AA); heterozygotes give three bands (GA); C. TLR4 3725G>C genotypes: wild-type is visible as a double-band 184 and 397 bp (GG), mutated DNA is visible as 256 and 397 bp bands (CC); heterozygotes give three bands 184, 256, and 397 bp bands (GC). Lane L is a 100 bp molecular weight marker (HyperLadder IV, Bioline GmbH, Berlin, Germany).
The NOD1 796G>A SNP (rs5743336) was analyzed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) with the following primers: forward 5'-TGA GAC CAT CTT CAT CCT GG-3'; reverse 5'-CTT CCC ACT GAG CAG GTT G-3'. An initial 15 minute denaturation at 95° was followed by 40 cycles of 1 min at 64°C, 1 min at 72°C, and 35 s at 95.5°C. For RFLP analysis, the PCR products were digested with AvaI restriction enzyme (Fermentas, Vilnius, Lithuania) at 37°C overnight, studied by gel electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel and visualized with ethidium bromide staining. The presence of G allele was indicated by cleavage of the 379 bp amplified PCR product to yield fragments of 209 bp and 170 bp (Figure 1).
The TLR4 3725G>C SNP (rs11536889) was genotyped using confronting two-pair primers PCR (PCR-CTPP). The primers were F1: TTT GAT GGA CCT CTG AAT CTC, R1: TTT TCT CAA TGA TAA CAT CCA CTC, F2: CTT GAC CAC ATT TTG GGA AC, and R2: TTC CAA TTT CTC TAT ATC CTT GAT GA. An initial 15 minute denaturation at 95° was followed by 40 cycles of 1 min at 64°C, 1 min at 72°C, and 35 s at 95.5°C. The amplified DNA was visualized on a 2% agarose gel with ethidium bromide staining. The amplified DNA was 184 bp for G allele, 256 bp for C allele, and 397 bp for common band (Figure 1).
SNPs of FAS 1377G>A (rs2234767), FAS 670A>G (rs1800682) and FASL 844T>C (rs763110) were genotyped by using predesigned TaqMan assays with a BioRad CFX96™ real-time cycler, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc, Hercules, USA). Thermal cycling conditions for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were, first, denaturing at 95°C for 10 min, followed by 40 cycles of 95.5°C for 15 s and 60°C for 1 min (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Gene polymorphisms of FAS 1377G>A, FAS 670A>G and FASL 844T>C were determined using Taqman genotyping assays with Biorad CFX96™ real-time cycler (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc, Hercules, USA).
Statistical analysis
Concordance of genotype frequencies with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested by online software http://ihg.gsf.de/cgi-bin/hw/hwa1.pl webcite. Age is shown as means and standard deviations, and was compared using ANOVA and unpaired Student's t-test. Categorical data (e.g. gender, distribution of genotypes or alleles) are presented as frequencies; comparisons were performed using the Chi-square test. Association between HRAG and GC with gene polymorphisms were calculated using unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis and expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The ORs presented in the study were not adjusted for confounding factors. The relative risks for mutations were studied using recessive and dominant model that led to a comparison between wildtype+heterozygous vs. homozygous and wildtype vs. heterozygous+homozygous, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using statistical software SPSS Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).
The characteristics of the study groups are presented in Table 1. German and Baltic study groups did not differ significantly according to the allele distribution (data not shown), therefore the respective groups with HRAG as well as controls were combined and further analyzed together. Patients differed significantly according to age and gender distribution. Male made up for almost 2/3 of patients with GC, while both other groups demonstrated inverse findings. Furthermore, controls were significantly younger (6 or 9 years) than both other groups (Table 1). Notably, serological H. pylori status were similar among the three groups, the proportion of H. pylori-positive subjects was between 59-62%, and did not differ significantly.
Table 1. Characteristics of groups
All individuals were successfully genotyped for ACE I/D, FAS 1377G>A, FAS 670A>G and FASL 844T>C polymorphisms. Four subjects were not genotyped for NOD1 796G>A polymorphism and five subjects for TLR4 3725G>C polymorphism. The genotype distributions for all six polymorphisms in control, HRAG and GC groups were similar to those expected for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (data not shown). The genotype frequencies of ACE I/D, NOD1 796G>A, TLR4 3725G>C, FAS 1377G>A, FAS 670A>G and FASL 844T>C among different groups are presented in Table 2. Analysis of genotypes and allele frequencies showed similar distribution between GC, HRAG, and controls. We did not find any significant association between all polymorphisms included in our study with respect to GC and HRAG. We also performed an analysis comparing control group with a risk group (combined GC and HRAG subjects); however it did not reveal significant differences in genotype frequencies (Additional file 1, Table S1).
Table 2. Association of ACE, NOD1, TLR4, FAS and FASL gene polymorphisms with gastric cancer and high risk atrophic gastritis
Additional file 1. Table S1. Distribution of ACE, NOD1, TLR4, FAS and FASL gene polymorphisms in control and risk group (gastric cancer and high risk atrophic gastritis patients).
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This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Word Viewer
We observed a tendency for NOD1 796G/G genotype for increased risk of atrophic gastritis (62.4% vs. 54.5% in controls, p = 0.082). Similarly, NOD1 allele G was more common in patients with HRAG (77.4%) when compared to controls (72.4%), but without significance (p = 0.081). FAS 670G/G genotype was more frequent in HRAG group when compared to controls, 23.9% and 17.2% respectively, however it failed to reach significance level (p = 0.077). The FAS 670G/A genotype was less frequent in HRAG (45.5%) when compared to controls (53.4%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.091).
We also analyzed the distribution of genotypes with respect to different histological GC types (Additional file 2, Table S2). Histological type of GC was intestinal, diffuse and mixed type in 47, 47 and 20 patients, respectively. In order to compare intestinal and diffuse type GC, mixed tumor types were excluded from subanalysis. ACE D/D polymorphism was found to be less prevalent in diffuse type GC, when compared to controls (27.7% vs. 12.8%, respectively; OR-0.38, 95% CI 0.15-0.94, p = 0.030). There were no differences between different histological subtypes of GC with respect to the other gene polymorphisms. We also analyzed the seropositivity status of H. pylori with respect to TLR4 3725G>C and NOD1 796G>A polymorphisms, but no significant differences in genotype distribution were observed (Table 3).
Additional file 2. Table S2. Distribution of ACE, NOD1, TLR4, FAS and FASL gene polymorphisms in controls, intestinal and diffuse type gastric cancer groups.
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Table 3. Distribution of NOD1 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative subjects
Overall, in our study ACE I/D, NOD1 796G>A, TLR4 3725G>C, FAS 1377G>A, FAS 670A>G and FASL 844T>C gene polymorphisms were not associated with the presence of GC or HRAG. Here, we evaluated six genetic polymorphisms related to the immune-recognition of H. pylori, proliferation and apoptosis that were previously described to be associated with increased risk of GC or premalignant gastric lesions in different case-control studies; however reported data are partially conflicting or just based on one study [11-14,20,21,26,33-35]. Since ACE, NOD1, TLR4, FAS, and FASL have been shown to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis pathways, we expected that the polymorphisms of genes encoding these proteins could be related to GC.
When analyzing ACE I/D polymorphism we hypothesized that carriers of D allele, which was associated with higher ACE activity [10], could have an increased risk of GC. Ebert et al. [11] identified an association of ACE D/D genotype with the development of early GC, and the same group of researchers showed that this genotype is related to the number of metastatic lymph nodes in GC, but not to the overall risk for GC in German subjects [12]. A Japanese study did not find an association between ACE I/D polymorphism and suseptibility to GC [13]. Another Asian study [14] reported that ACE I/D polymorphism carried a higher risk for GC with odds ratio of 1.59, however the same study did not find significant association of ACE polymorhisms with gastric atrophy. ACE I/D genotype frequencies in our study are in line with previous reports [12]. We did not observe significant link between ACE I/D polymorphisms and the risk for GC or HRAG.
Considering the relationship between H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis in the stomach it was tempting to speculate that genetic variation in NOD1 receptor, which is involved in bacterial recognition, could be associated with H. pylori-induced diseases. NOD1 796A/A homozygous mutants were linked with increased risk for peptic ulcer disease in a Hungarian study [20]; however they did not find a significant association with atrophic gastritis. A recent study from Turkey [21] found that subjects with NOD1 796A/A genotype had a significantly increased risk for gastric atrophy and antral intestinal metaplasia with very high odds ratios, 34.2 and 39.7 respectively. Such a strong association reported by Kara et al. [21] urged us to evaluate the possible association of this polymorphism in our subjects with GC and HRAG. The genotype frequencies of NOD1 796G>A in this study correspond to previous reports [20,21]. In our study we observed a tendency for NOD1 796G/G genotype and allele G for increased risk for atrophic gastritis; however the difference did not reach statistical significance. We did not observe an association between NOD1 796G>A gene polymorphism and HRAG or GC. H. pylori seropositivity status was also not linked with NOD1 796G>A genotypes.
Polymorphisms of TLR4 gene are hypothesized to decrease responsiveness to gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide through alterations in binding. In a recent study TLR4 3725G>C polymorphism was indentified as a risk factor for severe gastric atrophy in H. pylori sero-positive Japanese subjects with OR of 1.43 and 1.47 for G/C and C/C genotypes, respectively [26], however in the same study this polymorphism was not associated with the risk for GC. Another study showed a combined effect of TLR4 3725G>C and miR-146a G>C gene polymorphisms for risk of gastric atrophy, but not for GC [43]. Our data on TLR4 3725G>C genotype frequencies are comparable to the reported frequencies in leukemia study on Caucasian population [44]. We did not find significant association between TLR4 3725G>C genotypes and HRAG or GC. There was also no association between H. pylori seropositivity and TLR4 3725G>C genotypes.
There are only few studies that have evaluated the risk for GC in relation to FAS and FASL gene polymorphisms. Reported results are conflicting and cover Asian subjects only. In two Chinese case-control studies FAS and FASL genotypes had no significant associations with risk of GC [33,34]. Another study from China suggested that FASL 844T/T or T/C and FAS 1377A/A genotypes could be a risk factor for GC in combination with other gene polymorphisms [32]. Hsu et al. [35] have reported that FAS 1377 allele A was a protective factor for developing intestinal metaplasia in the antrum with odds ratio 0.3, while carrying the FASL 844 allele C was a risk factor for developing gastric atrophy in the corpus with OR of 9.4. The distribution of FAS and FASL genotypes in our cohorts corresponds to the frequencies reported on Caucasian subjects in a lung cancer study [45], but we could not provide any evidence that FAS and FASL gene polymorphism are linked with risk for GC or HRAG in Caucasians.
In the present study we evaluated potential links between the risk for GC and several carcinogenesis-related gene polymorphisms that have been rarely or not described, especially in Caucasian population. We did not find significant associations between the presence of GC or HRAG and ACE I/D, NOD1 796G>A, TLR4 3725G>C, FAS 1377G>A, 670A>G and FASL 844T>C gene polymorphisms. We also analyzed the genotype frequencies with respect to different histological GC types. ACE D/D genotype was less prevalent in diffuse-type GC than in controls, however the corresponding subgroups of intestinal and diffuse-type GC are rather small are therefore firm conclusions can not be drawn. Because the studies on ACE I/D, NOD1 796G>A, TLR4 3725G>C, FAS 1377G>A, 670A>G and FASL 844T>C polymorphisms remain limited, evaluation of the association with GC and premalignant gastric lesions requires additional research. Since the strength of the association may depend on the studied population, larger studies of different ethnic groups with different genetic profiles are required. The differences in current data on these polymorphisms may result from study design, H. pylori prevalence, and different histological subtypes of GC. In this study there was no difference in H. pylori positivity among GC, HRAG and control groups. The possible explanation for these findings could be higher prevalence of H. pylori in Baltic countries, when compared to Germany. HRAG and control groups were selected both in Germany and Baltic countries, while GC subjects were recruited only in the German centre, thus possibly affected the H. pylori status within the groups. Alterations in various genes, including oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, proinflammatory genes, bacterial recognition and cell-adhesion-related genes have been studied in gastric carcinogenesis [5,24,46]. In previous studies we also evaluated the role of IL-1B, IL-1RN and NOD2 gene polymorphisms with respect to risks for GC; however no significant associations were identified [36-38]. Some reports suggested that host genetic factors determine the severity of gastric damage and the eventual clinical outcome of H. pylori infection [47,48]. These findings however have not been transferred to daily clinical practice, and therefore applicable predisposing genetic factors remain still to be determined.
The study shows that the polymorphisms of ACE, NOD1, TLR4, FAS and FASL genes are not associated with H. pylori-induced premalignant gastric conditions and GC in subjects of Caucasian ethnicity. Based on the data available now, the investigated polymorphisms are not applicable for identifying individuals with higher risk for developing GC.
GC: gastric cancer; HRAG: high risk atrophic gastritis; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme; NOD1: Nod-like receptor 1; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; AG: atrophic gastritis; IM: intestinal metaplasia; RFLP: restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis; SNPs: single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
JK performed acquisition of data, SNP genotyping, statistical analysis, drafted the manuscript; TW was involved in study design, coordination, drafting and final revision of the manuscript; JB, MS, EJ, GK, LJ performed acquisition of data; ML was involved in study design and data collection; PM was involved in study design, and final revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We thank Ursula Stolz and Marion Holley for their support in this study. The study was partially co-funded by Ministries of Education and Research in Latvia and Lithuania, by Science Foundation of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences and State Research Program in Health in Latvia. The study was funded by the "LOM-Program" of the Medical Faculty of the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg.
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Kukla's Korner Hockey
Mike Mottau Takes A Puck To The Face
by Paul on 11/22/10 at 12:48 PM ET
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Reports are Mottau spent the night in an Atlanta hospital for observations and would travel back to New York where doctors would evaluate his injury.
added 10:28am, via Katie Strang tweet,
Mottau is receiving eye drops and will meet with another specialist this morning; will remain in ATL "for now" I'm told
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Wonderfully flavorful light dressing!flag if inappropriate
I used fresh orange juice instead of tangerine and arugula and spinach instead of the other greens. It was a phenomenal salad!flag if inappropriate
A nice showcase for the persimmons and a pretty salad!flag if inappropriate
Great for Thanksgiving dinner; I've used this recipes twice in the past. I too used clementines since I could not find tangerines, and I omitted the watercress. I split the hazelnuts in half. Everyone loved this!flag if inappropriate
I think the salad would've been better by omitting the watercress and escarole. The two greens were just too overly strong and pungent. I'm a big fan of watercress, but I think that they are better eaten cooked than raw.flag if inappropriate
this salad was a beautiful first entree for my christmas dinner. I added dried cranberries for some added flavor and color, and like previous reviewers had mentioned, I found the dressing to be too oily so i halved the amount of vegetable oil. the combination of flavors and textures were wonderful.flag if inappropriate
Took this salad to a friend's home as first course for Christmas Dinner. Taking a cue from previous reviewers, I omitted the watercress, cut the oil (used grapeseed) to just over 1/2 cup. It was beautiful and delicious! btw, hazelnuts are available in most stores already "skinned"... .a real timesaver! The Fuyu persimmons are splendid, much better than the softer ones. Next time, as someone suggested, I would add extra grated tangerine peel at the end. I just cut the entire peel into tiny strips. It's sweet and tasty, not like other fruit peels with the pith.flag if inappropriate
Truly wonderful salad with lovely presentation, unique flavors and easy preparation. We preceded the salad w/ a simple lemon/chicken broth soup and served Pressoni Soave Classico for both courses. The wine was perfect, even with such a sweet dressing.flag if inappropriate
I substituted the tangerine sections because persimmons were out of season. The dressing is delicious but is a bit heavy handed on the oil. Next time I would cut the oil ratio by 1/4-1/3... and I would chop the hazelnuts. Otherwise, its a lovely simple salad accompaniment to other complex entrees/dishes.flag if inappropriate
This salad was delicious! The things that made it were the dressing and Fuyu persimmons. I made it for thanksgiving and everyone raved. Tangerines weren't in season so I used clementines. Everyone raved. The only not I have is that it makes ALOT of salad! cut the lettuce in half if you aren't having alot of people.flag if inappropriate


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BackgroundNFL GameDay 97 features an authentic playbook that contains over 500 offensive and defensive plays. The game also offers advanced artificial intelligence, all of the real players from the NFL, NFL draft, accurate statistics, the ability to create players and historical teams.
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Thanks, PB. Possibly true on the pants, but I believe the jacket pulling is due to my contrived "casual" pose.
All the pieces are really great here individually, Ian, but the top half is too formal for the jeans (which is obviously the problem of most jeans/tie fits). If you go dad jeans on Friday, try to really casualize (?) the top as much as possible.
Thanks, Pliny. Shirt is Kamakura. This guy to be precise.


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Slideshow: 16 Dishes That We Loved at the City Harvest Bid Against Hunger Gala
Lobster & Pumpkin Bisque from Millesime
Given the Michelin star and fine dining pedigree of Chef Laurent Manrique of Millesime, I don't believe that his cooking is bent towards "comfort food". But his dish of lobster and pumpkin bisque with tarragon foam was the absolute perfect comfort food for fall. It was like a warm blanket of soup, recalling not only delicate lobster flavors but pumpkin pie, hot mulled ciders and falling autumn leaves.
Crab "Cake" from Le Bernardin
I'm sure that almost every attendee of this event had sky-high expectations of what Chef Eric Ripert and his crew at Le Bernardin would bring to the table. Their offering of a warm crab "cake" with tequila guacamole with potato crisps and an aji pepper and lime emulsion not only met my expectations, but hit the ball out of the park. At these high-volume events, one typically doesn't expect generosity or polish, but these deconstructed crab cakes received an extra heavy dose of sweet, gorgeous crab meat. Opponents of the deconstruction technique may scoff at this dish but close your eyes, take a bite and… yes, that's a crab cake and a damn fine one at that.
Organic Beef Sliders from Bare Burger
There were understandably many many varieties of sliders on hand at the event, as they tend to be crowd-pleasing, quick to assemble dishes. Of all the sliders, I the single bite that held my memory was the ridiculously juicy and beefy sliders from Bare Burger.
Yellowtail Crudo from Scarpetta
I don't know if it was the super clean flavors of freshly sliced yellowtail, the ever-so-fruity Olio de Zenzero that graced the fish which had been flecked with flaked sea salt, or the fact that Scott Conant himself confidently handed me this plate of food—but I was a fan of this dish.
Shortbread with Sheep's Milk Ricotta from A Voce
Anytime Chef Missy Robbins introduces a dish with sheep's milk ricotta, I want to be around. At A Voce, it exists in welcome forms from appetizers to her cappelletti pasta course. At this event, she whipped it into an airy spread—think Cheez Whiz on steroids—and slathered it on house made black olive and sea salt shortbread sprinkled with spicy soppressata. Simply a fantastic bite of food.
Trippa Malaysiana from Fatty 'Cue
Zak Pellacio of Fatty 'Cue may not have served everyone's favorite dish of the evening, but he certainly wins awards for the most daring dish. His spin on trippa alla fiorentina re-jiggered with Southeast Asian flavors was boldly flavored and well cooked. But just as importantly, it was a tongue-in-cheek ballsy dish that I doubt the overwhelming population was willing to stomach (har har).
Beef goulash from Telepan
"This is my third bowl of goulash", a rail-thin, well-dressed woman gushed to me as I plucked a bowl from the table. I could understand the basis of her praise after tasting the tender egg noodles, which Chef Bill Telepan lavished with an ultra-rich beef goulash. For the sake of conserving stomach space, I didn't return for seconds (or thirds, for that matter), but I'd certainly order it with confidence at the restaurant.
Nduja Bruschetta from L'Artusi
Like bacon, nduja is almost a wash. It's a culinary mulligan, and almost anything, ANYTHING, is immediately awesome with this spreadable sausage. At the event, Gabe Thompson of L'Artusi served up the slightly spicy spread on crisp crostini and mellowed it with a smear of ricotta and olive oil.
Marinated Octopus from Recette
Chef Jesse Schanker of Recette didn't play it safe with his dish of marinated octopus topped with a bracing crunch of fennel, and elevated with black garlic and basil. The cephalopod takes skill to cook under normal circumstances, and cooking en masse in a portable kitchen would give any lesser chef fits. Amazingly, it was perfectly executed—tender, sweet, and cleanly flavored throughout.
Quail Leg from Balaboosta
Of almost all dishes that I tasted that evening, Einat Admony's dish almost made me leave the event and take the nearest taxi to the progenitor restaurant. Although Ms. Admony is gifted in the arts of the vegetable—if you ever need to turn a carnivore on to the merits of hummus and falafel, take them to Taim—she treated the delicate legs of quail with the utmost respect. And she treated them to a bath of pomegranate walnut sauce and a warm bed of the most succulent and well cooked Israeli couscous I've tasted in recent memory.
Confit Black Cod from Bar Basque
Bar Basque had the unfortunate circumstance to be located in the most hard-to-notice, far flung crease in the room. With food this good, I think they'll get a higher place on the pecking order in future events, for their confit black cod was out-of-control good. The confit technique left the flesh unbelievably tender, and dialed-up the sweetness of this pricey fish to an 11. A bed of baby smooth cauliflower puree and smoked caviar added even more welcome notes of sweetness and brine.
Pickled Peppers & Chorizo from Gramercy Tavern
Some of the dishes at the event were elaborate, plated affairs that were beautiful on the plate but frustrating to eat while trying to hold a glass of wine. And some of the dishes were one-bite flavor bombs, such as Gramercy Tavern's pickled peppers and chorizo. Ever-so-piquant chorizo was meticulously pressed into bite sized squares and placed on house made crackers. One bite. No mess. All flavor and all smiles.


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Playamar Apartments
Av. Zamora 11, Benidorm 03503, Spain
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Explore areaClosest airport: Alicante (ALC) 30.6 miles
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