text:
Page 1
Menin-mediated caspase 8 expression in suppressing multiple
endocrine neoplasia type 1
Ping La‖, Yuqing Yang‖, Satyajit K. Karnik§, Albert C. Silva‖, Robert W. Schnepp‖, Seung
K. Kim§, and Xianxin Hua‖
‖Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer
Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
§Departments of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a familial tumor syndrome linked to mutation of
the MEN1 gene, which encodes a tumor suppressor, menin. We previously reported that menin
upregulates the caspase 8 expression and promotes TNF-α-induced apoptosis. However, it remains
unclear how menin upregulates caspase 8 expression and whether menin-mediated caspase 8
expression plays a role in repressing MEN1 development. Here we show that menin binds the 5'-
untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the Caspase 8 locus in vivo and activates transcription of a
reporter gene through the 5'-UTR. Menin directly binds the 5'-UTR in a sequence-independent
manner in vitro. Moreover, Men1 ablation in cells reduces acetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the
5'-UTR of the caspase 8 locus bound by menin in vivo. Notably, the MEN1-derived menin point
mutants lose their ability to bind the caspase 8 locus and fail to induce caspase 8 expression and
TNF-α-mediated apoptosis. Consistent with these observations, the expression level of caspase 8
is markedly reduced in insulinomas from Men1+/− mice. Together, our results indicate that menin
enhances the caspase 8 expression by binding the caspase 8 locus, and these results also suggest
that menin suppresses MEN1 tumorigenesis, at least in part, by upregulating caspase 8 expression.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), an inherited tumor syndrome, is caused by
mutation of the tumor suppressor gene, Men 1 (1,2), which encodes a protein of 610 amino
acid residues, menin (3,4). Due to lack of conserved structural domains, the molecular basis
for menin to act as a tumor suppressor is largely unknown. Mice with heterozygous Men1
inactivation develop a spectrum of endocrine tumors similar to those observed in patients
with MEN1 syndrome (5–7). Homozygous Men1 disruption in mice leads to embryonic
lethality on embryonic days 11.5–13.5 with a variety of developmental defects including
aberrant organogenesis of the multiple organs such as the neural tube, the heart and the liver
(8). Men1+/− mice start to develop pancreatic insulinoma at approximately the sixth month
after birth, and during the process the remaining normal allele of Men1 is lost in the tumor,
resulting in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of Men1 (5,7).
Menin contains several nuclear localization signals in its C-terminal part (9,10) and
regulates expression of multiple genes including Hoxc8, p27Kip1, p18Ink4c, telomerase and
IGFBP-2 (11–16). Menin interacts in vitro with multiple transcription factors, such as
NFκB, Smad3 and JunD (17–19). It has been reported that menin physically binds to the loci
Address correspondence to Xianxin Hua, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson
Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA, Tel. 215-746-5565; Fax. 215-746-5525;
NIH Public Access
Author Manuscript
J Biol Chem. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 April 22.
Published in final edited form as:
J Biol Chem. 2007 October 26; 282(43): 31332–31340. doi:10.1074/jbc.M609555200.
NIH-PA Author Manuscript
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NIH-PA Author Manuscript
Page 2
of Hoxc8, p27Kip1, p18Ink4c, and telomerase (11,12,15,20). Menin interacts with histone
methyltransferase (HMT) complex containing mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)
protein(11,21) and promotes histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation at the loci of genes
such as Hoxa9, p18Ink4c, and p27Kip1 (12,15,16,22,23). It has also been reported that menin,
by interacting with histone deacetylases (HDACs), suppresses the JunD-mediated
transcription of a reporter gene, whereas Tricostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor, abrogates
menin-mediated repression on gene transcription (24,25). Thus, menin may regulate the
gene expression by influencing the chromatin structure, including modifications of histones.
We previously demonstrated that caspase 8 expression was downregulated in menin-null
MEFs, whereas complementation of menin restored the high level of caspase 8 expression
(26). Caspase 8 is a crucial component in the apoptosis pathway induced by death-related
receptors (27,28). Targeted caspase 8 disruption in mice leads to defects in apoptosis of
lymphocytes as well as embryonic lethality (28). Because the caspase 8 is reduced in several
types of tumors (29–31), caspase 8 may play a role in suppressing tumorigenesis by
potentiating death ligand-induced apoptosis. In agreement with this, caspase 8 expression is
silenced due to DNA hypermethylation at the locus in neuroblastomas, (29–31) leading to
resistance of the tumor cells to death ligand-induced apoptosis. (32–34).
However, it remains unclear how menin regulates caspase 8 expression and whether the
menin-dependent caspase 8 expression is relevant to tumorigenesis in MEN1 syndrome. To
address these questions, we have shown that menin specifically binds the 5'-UTR of the
caspase 8 locus in vivo, and this Menin-5'-UTR binding is correlated with an enhanced
histone acetylation at the caspase 8 locus. The DNA fragment bound by menin in vivo also
mediates menin-dependent transcriptional activation in vitro. Importantly, we have also
shown that MEN1-derived menin point mutants not only lose their ability to bind the
caspase 8 locus and induce caspase 8 expression, but also fail to potentiate TNF-α-induced
apoptosis. Moreover, caspase 8 expression is markedly decreased in islets or insulinomas in
Men1+/− mice. These results suggest that menin suppresses MEN1 tumorigenesis, at least in
part, through upregulating caspase 8 expression.
Plasmid Construction
pMX-menin and pcDNA-menin were constructed by inserting PCR amplified human menin
cDNA (U93236) into the BamH I/NotI site of pMX-puro and pcDNA3 vectors respectively
as previously described (13,35). To generate L22R and A242V point mutations of menin,
pMX-menin and pcDNA-menin were used as a template, and mutations were introduced to
the template by the Quick Change Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA).
To express the GST-menin, the PCR-amplified cDNA was cloned into the BamH I/Not I site
of pGEX-6P (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ), and the protein was expressed in E. coli
strain BL21 (DE3) as a GST-tagged protein. pGEX-F1, F2 and F3 expressing the N-terminal
part, the middle and the C-terminal part of menin, respectively, were generated using pGEX-
menin as a template, and expressed and purified as previously described (35). To construct
pcas-Luc, genomic DNA covering −2935 to +623 of the caspase 8 locus was amplified from
mouse genomic DNA, and cloned into the KpnI and SmaI site of the pGL3-basic vector
(Promega, Madison, WI). Additionally, the mutant pcasM-Luc was constructed by cloning
the PCR-amplified genomic DNA from −2935 to +40 of the caspase 8 locus, which lacked
most of the 5'-UTR sequence, to the KpnI and XhoI site of the pGL3-basic vector.
La et al.Page 2
J Biol Chem. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 April 22.
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Page 3
Cell Culture, Generation of Recombinant Retroviruses, and Complementation of Menin-
null MEFs
Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and E-NX cells, which were derived from 293
cells by transfecting the cells with individual cDNAs expressing retrovirus-packaging
proteins (36) were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)
supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum, penicillin (100 units/ml), and streptomycin
(100 µg/ml) and used for packaging recombinant retroviruses as previously described (37).
Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines were generated from Men1ΔN3-8/+ mice
heterozygous for the Men1 locus (7,37), and cultured in DMEM with 10%(v/v) fetal calf
serum, penicillin (100 units/ml), streptomycin (100units/ml), 1% MEM nonessential amino-
acid and 1% L-Glutamine. Menin-null MEFs complemented with menin or its mutants were
established as previously described (26). Briefly, control retroviruses, menin or its mutants-
expressing retroviruses were used to infect Men1−/− MEFs. The resulting cells were selected
with 2µg/ml puromycin for 2 days.
Transfection and Luciferase Assays
E-NX cells were transfected using calcium phosphate precipitation method. For luciferase
assay, 4 ×105 cells were seeded per well in 6-well plates on day 0. On day1, cells were
transfected with reporter constructs, control pcDNA, pcDNA-menin, L22R or A242V as
indicated. pCMV-β-Gal expressing the LacZ gene (Clontech, Mountain View, CA) was co-
transfected as an internal control to normalize the luciferase activity. After overnight
incubation, cells were switched to a normal medium. On day 3, cells were harvested for
luciferase (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and β-galactosidase (β-Gal) assays (Clontech,
Mountain View, CA), following manufacturer's instructions. Both Luciferase and β-
galactosidase activities were measured by TR717 Microplate Luminometer (EG&G
Berthold, Midway Lane Oak Ridge, TN).
Real-Time RT-PCR Quantification, Northern Blotting and Gelshift Assay
Exponentially growing MEF cells were seeded at 2×105 cells /100mm dish. After two-day
culture, total RNA was isolated with a QIAGEN RNeasy® Mini Kit. Real-Time RT-PCR
reaction was performed using the ABI Prism 7900HT Real-Time PCR system, with 5µg of
total RNA as a template. Taqman Probes for caspase 8, Hoxc8 and GAPDH were purchased
from Applied Biosystems (Mm00802247_ml, Mm00439369_m1 and Mm99999915_gl,
Foster City, CA). Northern Blotting for identifying menin-induced genes was performed as
previously described (35,37). Briefly, total RNA was isolated from exponentially growing
MEFs using cesium chloride ultracentrifuge method. RNA (20µg) was separated on agarose
gel and transferred to Hybon N+ membrane. The membranes were further incubated with
the labeled caspase 8 probe or the GAPDH probe, followed by autoradiography. Gelshift
assays were carried out as previously described with a double stranded 5'-UTR of the
caspase 8 gene (+208 to +623) (35,38). The probe was radio-labeled with γ-32P-ATP and T4
polynucleotide kinase. (38)
Cyclic amplification and selection target (CASTing)
To amplify the potential menin-binding DNA sequence using CASTing (39), a pool of 60-
mer nucleotides with 20-nucleotide random sequences in the middle part were synthesized,
converted to double stranded DNA, and labeled with γ-32P-ATP. The labeled probe was
incubated with each of the following proteins: GST-menin fusion protein, GST-F1 (amino
acid 1–218), F2 (amino acid 219–395), F3 (amino acid 396–610), and Smad3, as described
for gelshift assay. The reactions were separated on 4% native polyacrylamide gel (35). The
gel, after completion of electrophoresis, was stained with colloid Coomassie Blue, followed
by autoradiography. The subregion of the gel with the dsDNA probe bound by menin
La et al.Page 3
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Page 4
protein or Smad3, as assessed by comparing the Coomassie-stained protein bands on gel and
the corresponding autoradiography, was excised and used to extract DNA. Using primers
corresponding to the 5'-end and 3'-end sequences of the dsDNA, the purified DNA was
further PCR amplified and utilized as the DNA probe for the next round of gelshift assays
with either menin or Smad3, which specifically binds to DNA (40). After four rounds of
amplification, PCR-amplified dsDNA was subjected to incubation with 500ng GST-menin,
GST-F1, F2, or F3 or Smad3 in the presence of 1 µg poly (dI-dC). The reaction was further
separated on 4% native polyacrylamide gel and followed by autoradiograph.
Western Blotting and Detection of Apoptotic Cells
MEFs were seeded at 2 × 105 cells /100mm dish on day 0. On day 2, cells were harvested
and processed for Western blotting as previously described (35). Briefly, on day 0, MEFs (2
×105 cells) were seeded in a 100mm dish. After two days of culture, cells were harvested.
The whole cell lysate (50µg protein) was separated on SDS-PAGE gel and transferred to
Hybond-C+ membranes. Antibodies used for Western blotting were anti-actin (sc-1615,
Santa Cruz Biotech, Santa Cruz, CA), anti-menin (BL342, Bethyl Laboratory, Montgomery,
TX), anti-caspase 8 (ALX-804-447-C100, Alexis Biochemicals, Lausen, Switzerland), horse
radish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG and sheep anti-mouse IgG (A-6154 and
A-5906, Sigma, St. Louis MO).
For analyzing TNF-α induced apoptosis, MEFs were seeded at a density of 5 ×104 cells per
well in 6-well dishes. On day 2, cells were treated with or without TNF-α (30ng/ml)/
actinomycin D (20ng/ml). After 24 hr treatment, cells were collected for propidium iodide
(PI) staining. The stained cells were subjected to Fluorescence Activating Cell Scanning
analysis (FACS) (BD Biosciences LSR cytometer, San Jose, CA).
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assay
MEFs were seeded at 106 cells/100 mm dish on day 0, harvested and analyzed on day 1 with
a ChIP assay kit (Upstate Biotechnology, Lake Placid, NY) according to manufacturer's
instructions. Briefly, chromatin DNA was cross-linked to proteins by formaldehyde and
sheared by pulsed ultrasonication. Sheared DNA/protein complex was incubated with the
antibody or control IgG overnight. Antibodies used for ChIP were anti-menin (BL342,
Bethyl Laboratory, Montgomery, TX), anti-acetytelated histone H3 antibody and anti-
acetylated histone H4 (Upstate, Lake Placid, NY). Antibody-precipitated DNA/protein
complex was reverse-cross-linked, followed by phenol/chloroform extraction, and the
precipitated DNA was used as template for conventional PCR or Taqman PCR. Primers for
the 5'-UTR Taqman PCR were 5'-CCCGAGCTGGAGTTGTGA-3 ', 5 '-
CCGCTGGTGGGAAAGGAA-3', and the Taqman probe was 5 '-
TCACCTGTGGCCGAGTAC-3; Primers for the island were 5'-
TGAGCAGTTGGCTTCTAGTCCA-3', 5'-GCAGACCAGGAAGCTTGGTTT-3' and the
Taqman probe was 5 '-CCAGGCTTCTGACCAATCCAGAC ACAATTA-3'.
Detection of mRNA and Protein Levels of Caspase 8 in islets/insulinomas in Men1+/− − and
Men1+/+ Mice
Islets were isolated using Ficoll gradient centrifugation as described previously (12). RNA
was extracted from Men1+/+ or Men1+/− islets using Trizol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and
was reverse-transcribed using Retroscript Kit (Ambion Inc, Austin, TX, USA). Primers for
RT-PCR analysis of caspase 8 mRNA were 5 '-ACAATGCCCAGATTTCTCCCTAC-3'
and 5 '-CAGACAGTATCCCCGAGGTTTG-3'. Each RT-PCR reaction was repeated at
least 3 times. Islet protein were extracted using triple detergent lysis buffer (GE Healthcare,
Piscataway, NJ) and processed for Western blotting using an anti-caspase 8 antibody (Alexis
Biochemical, 3B10).
La et al.Page 4
J Biol Chem. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 April 22.
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Menin Binds to the 5'-UTR of Caspase 8 Locus in vivo
We have previously shown that menin increases caspase 8 expression specifically (26). We
sought to determine whether menin binds caspase 8 locus in vivo, and if it does, whether the
binding is DNA-sequence specific or not. Thus, we performed chromatin
immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay in Menin-null MEFs complemented with vector or menin
to address these questions. Three pairs of primers used for ChIP target three distinct regions
of the caspase 8 locus, including 5'-UTR, 3'-UTR, and a region containing a ~80 bp
fragment that was highly conserved between human and murine genomic DNA with 78%
identity at the 5' end of the caspase 8 locus, which was named as "island". ChIP assay
indicates that anti-menin antibody, but not the control IgG, pulled down the 5'-UTR
fragment in menin-expressing cells (Fig.1, lanes 5 and 6, middle panel), while anti-menin
antibody failed to pull down the DNA fragment in vector cells (Fig. 1, lane 3). In contrast,
menin failed to pull down the island and 3'-UTR regions in either menin-expressing or
menin-null cells (Fig. 1, lanes 3 and 6, top and bottom panels). These results demonstrate
that menin specifically associated with the 5'-UTR region of the caspase 8 locus in vivo.
We have previously shown that menin binds dsDNA in vitro (35). However, it remains
unknown whether menin binds the 5'-UTR of caspase 8 in vitro, and if it does, whether
menin binds it in a DNA sequence-dependent manner. To address this question, we
amplified the 5'-UTR and end-labeled it with 32Phosphate (32P). The labeled probe was
used to perform gelshift assay to determine whether the probe binds the C-terminus of
menin (GST-menin fusion protein, GST-F3, amino acid 396–610, Fig. 2A), which was
previously shown to bind dsDNA (35). Our results clearly show that GST-F3 binds the 5'-
UTR DNA fragment (Fig. 2A, lane 3 and 4). We further tested whether the menin-DNA
binding is affected by non-specific dsDNA. As shown in Fig. 2A, even the lowest amount of
poly (dI-dC) (0.125µg), a homopolymer of non-specific dsDNA, markedly blocked GST-F3
binding to the 5'-UTR DNA fragment (Fig. 2A, lanes 5–18), suggesting that C-terminal
menin (residues 396–610) binds the 5 '-UTR in a sequence-independent manner.
However, we could not rule out the possibility that menin might prefer to bind some DNA
sequences with a relatively high affinity. To address this question, we applied cyclic
amplification and selection of targets (CASTing) (39), a robust method, to screen for any
potential menin binding sequences. To this end, a pool of double stranded oligonucleotides
containing random sequence in the middle part were end-labeled with 32P. To be
comprehensive, we determined whether full-length GST-menin fusion protein as well as the
GST fusion proteins containing three fragments of menin, F1 (amino acid 1–218), F2 (amino
acid 219–395) or F3 (amino acid 396–610) bind to the pool of the dsDNAs. GST-Smad3,
known to bind DNA sequence specifically (40), was used as a positive control. The four
GST-menin fusion proteins and Smad3 were incubated with the radio-labeled nucleotides,
and subjected to gelshift assay. The gel was stained with sensitive colloid Coomassie blue
dye, and the band corresponding to either menin or Smad3 proteins was excised and DNA
was extracted.
The recovered DNA was amplified by PCR and used for the next round of gelshift assay
using menin and Smad3 fusion proteins. Our results showed that after the fourth round of
amplification, the amplified oligonucleotides (dsDNA) selected by Smad3 were specifically
bound by Smad3 (Fig. 2B, lane 6), consistent with the previous report (40). In contrast, all of
the various menin fusion proteins, including F3, failed to select any specific sequence (Fig.
2B, lanes 2–5). Taken together, these results strongly suggest that menin cannot bind DNA
sequence specifically even though it has been shown to bind caspase 8 locus specifically in
La et al.Page 5
J Biol Chem. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 April 22.
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|Contact: Karen N. Peart
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Welcome to condo 1400, this a one bedroom condo that has 2 full bathrooms. This condo has a beautiful view from the balcony. This condo has white tile in the entry and kitchen and willow green carpet in the living areas and bedroom. Kitchen has been newly remodeled as of 12/2013. Living room has beige colored furniture. The dining room table has rattan chairs and glass table top. Master bedroom has teal and coral linens. There are flat screen televisions in both the living room and bedroom. Snowbirds must rent for January and February in order to stay for the complete month of March.
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Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics Impact Factor & Information
Journal description
The Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed papers from around the world on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric orthopaedic disorders. It cuts across disciplinary as well as national boundaries to provide the broadest possible coverage of the unique problems facing the pediatric orthopedist.
Current impact factor: 1.47
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|5-year impact
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|Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics website
|Other titles
|Journal of pediatric orthopedics, Journal of pediatric orthopaedics
|Material type
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Publications in this journal
Article: Preliminary Evidence of an Association Between ADHD Medications and Diminished Bone Health in Children and Adolescents[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 3.5 million children use psychotropic drugs for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). With an increase in use of these types of drugs, thorough understanding of their potential side effects on the growing skeleton is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between use of ADHD medication and diminished bone health. Methods: Three waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public-use data set, collected from 2005 through 2010, were compiled for this study (N=5315). Bone health was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, which were performed for participants aged 8 to 17 years to determine bone mineral density (BMD) for 3 regions: (1) total femur; (2) femoral neck; and (3) lumbar. Use of ADHD medications was determined by self-reported responses to questions regarding prescription drug use, which were answered by either the respondent or the respondent's parent or guardian. Multiple statistical techniques were used to produce estimates of association between ADHD medication use and z score age and sex standardized BMD measures, including survey adjusted univariate, survey adjusted multiple linear regression, and generalized estimating equations with a propensity-matched subsample (N=1967). Multivariate models adjusted for covariates including time period, age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income to poverty ratio, and total number of prescription medications. Results: Conservative estimates of the difference in standardized BMD measures between the ADHD medication group and the nonmedicated group range from -0.4855 (+/-0.27; P<0.001) for total femoral, -0.4671 (+/-0.27; P<0.001) for femoral neck, and -0.3947 (+/-0.29; P<0.01) for lumbar. Significantly more children on ADHD medications versus match subjects on no medication had BMDs with in osteopenic range (38.3% vs. 21.6%, P<0.01). Discussion: The findings suggest that there are real and nontrivial differences in BMD for children and adolescents taking ADHD medications, as compared with similar children not taking any prescription medications. Prescribing physicians and parents should be aware of potential bone health risks associated with these medications. Level of Evidence: Level III-case-control study.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 09/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000651
- Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 09/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000655
Article: Successful Pavlik Harness Treatment for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip and Normal X-Ray at the Age of 2 YearsJournal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 09/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000657
- Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 08/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000609
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ABSTRACT: There is a dearth of literature examining the causes of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and when such morphology appears. The purpose of the current study was to analyze how the ossific portion of the proximal femur develops over time with respect to standard cam-type FAI parameters. A collection of 193 femurs from cadavers aged 4 to 21 years were evaluated. The age, sex, ethnicity, and status of the proximal femoral physes (open or closed) of each were recorded. Each specimen was digitally photographed in standardized anteroposterior and modified axial positions. From these photographs, the anterior offset, anterior offset ratio (AOR), and α-angle were determined. A cam lesion was defined as an α-angle >55 degrees on the lateral view. The mean age of the specimens was 17.5±4.2 years. The majority were male (69%) and African American (79%) with closed physes (78%). There were significant differences among discrete age groups with respect to α-angle (P=0.01), anterior offset (P<0.01), and AOR (P<0.01). In addition, younger femurs with open physes had a significantly higher mean α-angle (P<0.01), lower mean anterior offset (P<0.01), and higher mean AOR (P<0.01) compared with older ones with closed physes. Specimens defined as having a cam deformity had a statistically higher α-angle (P<0.01) and lower anterior offset (P<0.01), but there was no difference in AOR values compared with specimens without a cam lesion (P=0.1). The apparent decline in α-angles as age increases indicates that the traditional α-angle in younger patients measures a different anatomic parameter (ossified femur excluding the cartilaginous portion) than in older patients (completely ossified femur). This suggests that the bony α-angle is inappropriate in the evaluation of cam lesions in the immature physis. The AOR, rather than the anterior offset, may be more accurate in the evaluation of the growing proximal femur. This study provides novel insight into, and enhances the understanding of, the development of cam-type FAI.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 06/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000605
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ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of displaced tibial shaft fractures with intact fibula in children after nonoperative management and operative treatment by elastic stable intramedullary nailing. A study was performed on 80 consecutive children, 56 males, 24 females from 2 Institutions, with displaced and closed tibial shaft fracture with intact fibula. All patients underwent regular clinical and radiographic follow-up visits for at least 2 years after injury. In total, 26 patients (group A-Institution I) were treated surgically by elastic stable intramedullary nailing and 54 patients (18 patients from group B-Institution I and 36 patients from group C-Institution II) were treated nonoperatively with closed reduction and casting. groups A, B, and C did not significantly differ on sex (P=0.37), side (P=0.54), and fracture site (P=0.14).Valgus deformity was significantly controlled in group A patients only (P=0.001); during follow-up in group B patients (P=0.017), and showed no significant change between pretreatment images and last follow-up in group C patients (P=0.71). Procurvatum deformity was significantly controlled in group A patients only (P=0.001); it showed no significant improvement after conservative treatment in group B (P=0.73) and C patients (P=0.8). Recurvatum was significantly improved in group A (P<0.001) and C patients (P<0.001) but remained unchanged in group B patients (P=0.15). Varus deformity improved significantly in all patient groups.Immobilization time was significantly shorter in group A compared with group B and C patients (P<0.001).However, numerical differences, although statistically significant, were not clinically relevant for all variables but immobilization time. This study showed good functional and radiologic outcomes in the pediatric population who had sustained closed, traumatic, displaced fracture of tibial diaphysis without associated fibula fracture.On the basis of the findings reported here, it is not contraindicated to operate skeletally immature patients with displaced fracture of tibial diaphysis without associated fibula fracture. However, results were essentially the same and either method is a satisfactory choice for pediatric tibia shaft fractures with an intact fibula. In particular, we found that conservative treatment was as efficacious as surgical treatment apart from the length of time for immobilization. Level III.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 05/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000528
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ABSTRACT: Background: Displaced tibial shaft fractures are common in adolescent patients, yet there is no standardized management strategy. We compared surgical fixation and closed reduction and casting (CRC) of these fractures to assess treatment outcomes and determine predictors of failure. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients aged 12 to 18 who presented with a displaced tibial shaft fracture that required reduction over an 8-year period. Exclusion criteria included open fractures and lack of follow-up to radiographic union or to 6 months from the index procedure. Fractures were initially treated based on surgeon preference either with CRC or with immediate intramedullary nailing. Seventy-four patients met inclusion criteria: 57 were initially managed with CRC and 17 with operative fixation. Radiographic healing was defined as bridging of 3 cortices and adequacy of final alignment was defined as <5 degrees of angular deformity in both planes and <1.0 cm of shortening. Outcomes were analyzed both on intent-to-treat principles and by definitive treatment method. Results: Although all fractures in both groups achieved bony healing, 23 of the 57 patients who underwent CRC failed closed treatment and ultimately required surgery (40.3%). Multivariate analysis of patient and fracture characteristics revealed fracture displacement of >20% (odds ratio=7.8, P<0.05) and the presence of a fibula fracture (odds ratio=5.06, P=0.05) as predictors of closed treatment failure. Patients ultimately managed with intramedullary nailing trended toward increased adequacy of final alignment (92.5% vs. 72.4%, P=0.10) but required longer hospitalization (5.4 vs. 1.9 d, P<0.001) and had a higher incidence of anterior knee pain (20% vs. 0%, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between groups with respect to time to healing. Conclusions: Treatment outcomes between initial operative fixation and closed reduction of displaced tibia fractures in adolescents are similar, but patients must be counseled about the high failure rates with CRC. Predictors of CRC failure include initial fracture displacement and the presence of a fibula fracture-these variables should be considered when selecting a treatment method. Level of Evidence: Level III-Therapeutic study.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 05/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000532
Article: Temporary Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Stabilization Without Fusion of Adolescent Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: Pediatric spine trauma often results from high-energy mechanisms. Despite differences in healing potential, comorbidities, and length of remaining life, treatment is frequently based on adult criteria; ligamentous injuries are fused and bony injuries are treated accordingly. In this study, we present short-term results of a select group of adolescent patients treated using percutaneous pedicle screw instrumentation without fusion. Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective review was performed at a level 1 pediatric trauma center for thoracolumbar spine fractures treated by percutaneous pedicle screw instrumentation. Patients were excluded if arthrodesis was performed or if instrumentation was not removed. Demographics, injury mechanism, associated injuries, fracture classification, surgical data, radiographic measures, and complications were collected. Radiographs were analyzed for sagittal and coronal wedge angles and vertebral body height ratio and statistical comparisons performed on preoperative and postoperative values. Results: Between 2005 and 2013, 46 patients were treated surgically. Fourteen patients (5 male, 9 female) met inclusion criteria. Injury mechanisms included 8 motor vehicle collisions, 4 falls, and 2 all-terrain vehicle/motorcycle collisions. There were 8 Magerl type A injuries, 4 type B injuries, and 2 type C injuries. There was 1 incomplete spinal cord injury. Implants were removed between 5 and 12 months in 12 patients and after 12 months in 2 patients. Statistical analysis revealed significant postoperative improvement in all radiographic measures (P<0.05). There were no neurological complications, 1 superficial wound dehiscence, and 2 instrumentation failures (treated with standard removal). At last follow-up, 11 patients returned to unrestricted activities including sports. Average follow-up was 9 months after implant removal and 19.3 months after index procedure. Conclusions: Adolescent thoracolumbar fractures present unique challenges and treatment opportunities different from the adult patient. We present a nonconsecutive series of 14 patients temporarily stabilized with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for injuries including 3-column fracture dislocations and purely ligamentous injuries. Temporary fusionless instrumentation can provide successful management of select thoracolumbar spine injuries in pediatric trauma patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV-Retrospective case series.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 05/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000520
Article: The Frequency of AVN Following Reconstructive Hip Surgery in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) undergoing reconstructive hip surgery are at risk for developing avascular necrosis (AVN). The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the reported frequency of AVN, the amount and quality of literature available, and possibly identity risk factors for developing AVN following reconstructive surgery for hip displacement in children with CP. Methods: We performed a review of the literature using EMBASE and MEDLINE databases. Studies investigating the outcome of reconstructive hip surgery in patients with CP that identified the presence or absence of AVN were included. Study quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine scale. Results: Three hundred and ninety-nine articles were identified using our search strategy. Twenty-nine studies were included for data extraction after full-text review. The frequency of AVN ranged from 0% to 46% with an overall rate across studies of 7.5%. Presence of AVN was the primary outcome in 2 studies. The frequency of AVN in these studies was significantly higher than other studies at 37% and 46%. No statistically significant associations were found between age at surgery, severity of hip subluxation, length of follow-up, or type of surgery (combined varus derotation osteoomy and pelvic osteotomy vs. varus derotation osteotomy alone), and the rate of AVN. The majority of studies did not comment on methods used for determining diagnosis or severity of AVN and clinical significance was not well documented. Conclusions: Children with CP undergoing reconstructive hip surgery are at risk of developing AVN. Frequency and severity of this complication is poorly documented in the literature. On the basis of current evidence no significant risk factors were identified; however, it is not possible to draw firm conclusions about them. Incidence of AVN was higher in studies in which AVN was a primary outcome suggesting that the true frequency of AVN may be higher than is currently understood. Level of Evidence: Level IV-systematic review, therapeutic studies.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 05/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000485
Article: Pediatric Tibial Osteomyelitis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: Osteomyelitis shows a strong predilection for the tibia in the pediatric population and is a significant source of complications. The purpose of this article is to retrospectively review a large series of pediatric patients with tibial osteomyelitis. We compare our experience with that in the literature to determine any factors that may aid diagnosis and/or improve treatment outcomes. Methods: A 10-year retrospective review was performed of clinical records of all cases of pediatric tibial osteomyelitis managed at the 2 children's orthopaedic departments in the Auckland region. The Osteomyelitis Database was used to identify all cases between 1997 and 2007, at Starship Children's Hospital, and 1998 and 2008 at Middlemore's Kids First Hospital. Results: One hundred ninety-one patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and had a review of clinical notes and relevant investigations. The average duration of symptoms before presentation to hospital was 5.7 days. Less than 40% of patients had a recent episode of trauma. Almost 60% of patients could not bear weight on admission. Over 40% of patients had a temperature above 38[degrees]C. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in 78% and the C-reactive protein was elevated in 90% of patients. In total, 42% of blood cultures and almost 75% of tissue cultures were positive, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly cultured organism. X-rays, bone scans, and magnetic resonance imaging were all used to aid the diagnosis. About 43% of patients had surgery. Treatment length was an average of 2 weeks 6 days of intravenous antibiotics followed by 3 weeks 2 days of oral treatment. Six postsurgical complications and 46 readmissions were noted: 25 for relapse, with the remainder due to social and antibiotic-associated complications. Conclusions: Although generally diagnosed on presentation, pediatric tibial osteomyelitis can require more sophisticated investigations and prolonged management. Treatment with intravenous and oral antibiotics and surgical debridement where indicated can lead to a good clinical outcome, although complications are often noted. Level of Evidence: Level IV-Prognostic study.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 05/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000472
Article: Long-term Follow-up of Pulmonary Function and Scoliosis in Patients With Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: Spine surgery for neuromuscular scoliosis in patients with Duchene's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) remained controversial. This study aimed to review the long-term results of spine surgery and its effect on pulmonary function in these patients. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for the above patients who had undergone surgery from 1990 to 2006 in a tertiary hospital. Their yearly lung function tests, clinical records, and x-ray films before and after surgery were reviewed. All patients had at least 2 lung function tests performed before surgery and at least 3 lung function tests performed after surgery. Records of perioperative pulmonary infections that resulted in hospital admissions were also retrieved from the hospital computer system. Results: Forty patients were reviewed: 29 with DMD, 11 with SMA. The mean follow-up period was 11.6 years. For patients with DMD, the mean correction of Cobb's angle from surgery was 34.1 degrees. The rate of decline of the predicted forced vital capacity preoperatively was 7.80% per year, and was reduced to 4.26% per year postoperatively (P<0.001). For patients with SMA, the mean correction of Cobb's angle from surgery was 44.1 degrees. The rate of decline of the predicted forced vital capacity preoperatively was 5.31% per year, and was reduced to 1.77% per year postoperatively (P<0.001). For both DMD and SMA patients, the difference between the rate of preoperative and postoperative pulmonary infections that resulted in hospital admission were, however, not significant (P=0.433 and 0.452, respectively). Conclusions: Scoliosis surgery in patients with DMD and SMA results in a long-term decreased rate of decline in pulmonary function over a follow-up period of more than 10 years. The level of the apical vertebrae of the scoliosis did not demonstrate a significant trend on the pulmonary function. The frequency of chest infections did not improve by scoliosis surgery. Level of Significance: Level III-Retrospective study.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 05/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000396
Article: Correction of Tibial Torsion in Children With Cerebral Palsy by Isolated Distal Tibia Rotation Osteotomy: A Short-term, In Vivo Anatomic Study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: Excessive internal or external tibial torsion is frequently present in children with cerebral palsy. Several surgical techniques have been described to correct excessive tibial torsion, including isolated distal tibial rotation osteotomy (TRO). The anatomic changes surrounding this technique are poorly understood. The goal of the study was to examine the anatomic relationship between the tibia and fibula following isolated distal TRO in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Twenty patients with 29 limbs were prospectively entered for study. CT scans of the proximal and distal tibiofibular (TF) articulations were obtained preoperatively, at 6 weeks, and 1 year postoperatively. Measurements of tibia and fibula torsion were performed at each interval. Qualitative assessments of proximal and distal TF joint congruency were also performed. Results: The subjects with internal tibia torsion (ITT, 19 limbs) showed significant torsional changes for the tibia between preoperative, postoperative, and 1 year time points (mean torsion 13.21, 31.05, 34.84 degrees, respectively). Measurement of fibular torsion in the ITT treatment group also showed significant differences between time points (mean -36.77, -26.77, -18.54 degrees, respectively). Proximal and distal TF joints remained congruent at all time points in the study. Subjects with external tibia torsion (ETT, 10 limbs) showed significant differences between preoperative and postoperative tibial torsion, but not between postoperative and 1 year (mean torsion 54, 19.3, 23.3 degrees, respectively). Measurement of fibular torsion in the ETT treatment group did not change significantly between preoperative and postoperative, but did change significantly between postoperative and 1 year (mean torsion -9.8,-16.9, -30.7 degrees, respectively). Nine of 10 proximal TF joints were found to be subluxated at 6 weeks postoperatively. At 1 year, all 9 of these joints had reduced. Conclusions: Correction of ITT by isolated distal tibial external rotation osteotomy resulted in acute external fibular torsion. The fibular torsion alignment remodeled over time to accommodate the corrected tibial torsional alignment and reduce the strain associated with the plastic deformity of the fibula. Correction of ETT by isolated distal internal TRO resulted in acute subluxation of the proximal TF articulation in almost all cases. Subsequent torsional remodeling of the fibula resulted in correction of the TF subluxation in all cases. Acute correction of TT by isolated distal TRO occurs by distinct mechanisms, based upon the direction of rotational correction. Level of Evidence: Level II-Diagnostic.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 05/2015; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000525
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ABSTRACT: Background: Previous studies investigating the causes of clubfoot have shown conflicting results, potentially because of retrospective study designs or incomplete assessment of causative factors. The study aim was to examine risk factors for clubfoot in a large prospective Norwegian cohort. Methods: Exposures prior and during pregnancy were identified through the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. This was linked to the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry, which provided clubfoot diagnosis through ICD-10 code Q66.0. Logistic regression analysis investigated associations between potential risk factors and development of clubfoot. Results: A total of 121 clubfoot cases were identified; 1.1 per 1000 births. Parental diagnosis of clubfoot [odds ratio (OR): 31.5; 95% confidence interval (CI):9.61-103.3] and cigarette smoking, both in the three months prior to pregnancy (OR:1.82; 95%CI:1.05-3.18) and the first trimester (OR:2.67; 95% CI:1.28-5.55) were associated with clubfoot. Infants with clubfoot had greater solvent exposure (OR:1.66; 95% CI:1.00-2.76). Oligohydramnios, parental age, parental education, parity, maternal anxiety or depression, alcohol use, season of birth did not have statistically significant associations. Conclusions: In addition to parental diagnosis of clubfoot, results confirm the previously reported association between clubfoot and smoking, and counter previous evidence supporting season of birth, parental education, and other risk factors. Further studies are needed to investigate solvent exposure as a risk factor for clubfoot. Exposure to smoke and solvents can be controlled; this study highlights the importance of public health initiatives to limit these exposures both during pregnancy and in those considering conceiving in the future. Level of Evidence: Level I-prospective cohort study.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 04/2015; Publish Ahead of Print. DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000449
Article: Emergency Department On-Call Status for Pediatric Orthopaedics: A Survey of the POSNA Membership[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: The emergency room on-call status of pediatric orthopaedic surgeons is an important factor affecting their practices and lifestyles and was last evaluated in 2006. Methods: The entire membership of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) was surveyed in 2010 for information regarding their emergency room on-call status with 382 surveys returned of over 1000 e-mailed to members of POSNA. Detailed information about on-call coverage, support, and frequency was obtained in answers to 14 different questions. Results: Compared with the prior survey in 2006, the 2010 survey indicated that a higher percentage of pediatric orthopaedic surgeons receive compensation for taking emergency room call; a higher percentage cover pediatric patients only when on-call; and accessibility to operating rooms in a timely manner for trauma cases, although limited, has improved for pediatric patients. Utilization of support staff to meet on-call trauma coverage demands, such as residents, physician's assistants, and nurse practitioners, is becoming more common. Conclusions: Concentration of pediatric orthopaedic trauma has increased the coverage demands on pediatric orthopaedists. This has resulted in a change in reimbursement strategies, and allocation of OR time and hospital staffing resources.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 03/2015; 35(2):199-202.
- Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 02/2015; Publish Ahead of Print. DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000414
Article: Medicine's MichelangeloJournal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 01/2015; 35(1):e6-e7. DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000367
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ABSTRACT: Background: Fractures are a significant concern for individuals with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy with 21% to 44% of males experiencing a fracture. Factors that increase or decrease the risk for fracture have been suggested in past research, although statistical risk has not been determined. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking and Research Network cohort, a large, population-based sample to identify risk factors associated with first fractures in patients with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy. Our study cohort included males with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy born between 1982 and 2006 who resided in Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Iowa, and Western New York, retrospectively identified and followed through 2010. We utilized a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model to determine hazard ratios for relevant factors associated with first fracture risk including race/ethnicity, surveillance site, ambulation status, calcium/vitamin D use and duration, bisphosphonate use and duration, and corticosteroid use and duration. Results: Of 747 cases, 249 had at least 1 fracture (33.3%). Full-time wheelchair use increased the risk of first fracture by 75% for every 3 months of use (hazard ratio=1.75, 95% confidence interval, 1.14, 2.68), but corticosteroid use, bisphosphonate use, and calcium/vitamin D use did not significantly affect risk in the final adjusted model. Conclusions: In this cohort, first fractures were common and full-time wheelchair use, but not corticosteroid use, was identified as a risk factor. The impact of prevention measures should be more thoroughly assessed. Clinical Relevance: Fractures are a significant concern for individuals with dystrophinopathies, but the contribution of various risk factors has not been consistently demonstrated.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 11/2014; 4(10):S183–S184. DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.09.618
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ABSTRACT: The etiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is multifactorial, but the role of sagittal balance of the pelvis as a contributing factor to its development has not been well studied. Our primary purpose was to determine whether a smaller pelvic incidence (PI), a position-independent anatomic parameter that regulates pelvic orientation, could be a factor that increases shear stress in the epiphyseal growth plate and potentially contributes to the development of SCFE. We also set out to determine whether acetabular retroversion was associated with SCFE.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 10/2014; DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000342
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.


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Surfing Vampires in "Lost Boys 2"?
According to IESB.net, we know only two things: 1. WB allegedly has plans to do their "Lost Boys" sequel as a direct-to-video release, which doesn't automatically mean it will stink, but it's not exactly a harbinger of great expectations, now is it? And 2. The plot will somehow involve "surfer vampires," which doesn't automatically mean it will stink, but it sure does sounds kinda silly.
Since this project is still firmly stuck in the pre-pre-production gossip stages, that's all the information we have thus far, but as soon as we get some concrete info (as in: if the movie's actually happening -or- if Corey Haim and Corey Feldman decide to sign on for another spin) we'll be sure to let you know.


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All Ecorazzi Posts
Matthew McConaughey Makes It A Sad Day for PETA Ladies Everywhere
Matthew McConaughey has taken a gig promoting beef for the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA). When I first heard about the radio spot, I considered it a non-story. After all,
Seattle's Space Needle Goes Above And Beyond Green
Seattle, the Emerald City, is undeniably green. Leaders there are doing remarkable work, passing innovative sustainable policies all over the place. But no place in Washington is more popular then their futuristic
Corey Feldman Gives Peas A Chance
Corey Feldman of Goonies fame, and Playboy wife Susie are starring in PETA's newest campaign "Give Peas a Chance". The campaign's aim is to encourage people to go vegetarian, and
Gisele Bundchen Wants To Save The Planet
So supermodel Gisele Bundchen is featured in and on the cover of the new issue of V Magazine, and while she sports some very interesting shorts, it's what's inside the
Wanted Star James McAvoy Wants To Be A Park Ranger
This is a somewhat gratuitious posting, simply to allow me to write about this Summer's hottest "it" guy – James McAvoy. I've been wondering what he's like in his personal life, as
The Top Five Most Yummy Green Celebrity Restaurants
These days, if you're an actor/actress, chances are you also have hubraic dreams to a.) create a line of perfume, b.) start your own fasion label, or c.) open up
More Greening Of The Dave Matthews Band Summer Tour
You can use their online carpooling service to get to the venue, and now, when you hit the parking lot at the Dave Matthews Band concert this summer, keep your


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Realizing he will not live long enough to download his consciousness into a robot body, Sheldon tries to extend his life span.
Penny tags along on Sheldon's first date; Wolowitz finds a new use for a robotic arm.
When Sheldon searches for an alternative to human companionship, the guys become concerned.
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text: Chuck Whelon Chuck Whelon is the author of a number of children's puzzle and activity books, including Where's the Princess and Where's the Penguin. He lives with his wife and son in San Francisco, California. Find out more and see a gallery of his work at Whelon.com. Become a Fan × BECOME A FAN Get updates about Chuck Whelon and recommended reads from Simon & Schuster. Plus, get a FREE eBook when you sign up! Email Address Free eBook available to NEW subscribers only. Offer redeemable at Bookshout.com. Code expires 12/31/2015. See full terms and conditions. By clicking SIGN UP, I acknowledge that I have read and agreed to the Privacy Policy and the Terms of Use. Books by this Author Where's the Princess? Where's the Princess? By Chuck WhelonBy Chuck Whelon Where's Santa? Where's Santa? By Bryony JonesBy Bryony Jones Get a FREE eBook when you join our mailing list. Plus, receive updates about Chuck Whelon,recommended reads and more from Simon & Schuster. Email Address Free eBook available to NEW subscribers only. Offer redeemable at Bookshout.com. Code expires 12/31/2015.See full terms and conditions and this month's choices.


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Jun 30
The Highway Of Dreams Show with Stephen Horton aka The Rezinator 8PM Sunday EST 12 noon Monday NZ Time
Nov 29
Quarter Finals of The Syndicate Singer Songwriter Competition, will be a great show! Note the Google Map is wrong, for directions go to http://maps.aa.co.nz/search/nz/all/444+khyber+pass
Feb 11
Titirangi Jam Night
Jun 23
Poetry Live
Sep 4
All-Originals Night More details to follow


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SEND TO A FRIEND : Joie Mirus Pushchair Ladybird
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The Joie Mirus includes a clever reversible handle that lets baby look both ways - rear or forward facing. The lightweight aluminium chassis, oversized sun canopy, lie-flat recline, and one-hand quick compact fold make it equal parts stylish and functional.
The Joie Mirus is a vibrant and lightweight pushchair designed to grow with your child from newborn on. Mirus's clever design lets baby face mum or see the world, with just a quick flip of the reversible handle.
Mirus provides plenty of seating options for travelling children, including travel system capability and a multi-position recline. Simply click in a Joie Group 0+ infant carrier to create an effortless travel system, or keep a sleeping baby tilted and dreaming by smoothly reclining the pushchair seat with just one hand.
This pushchair is an easy-to-use solution, including a padded arm bar which rotates or removes for easy access to the seat. A removable, washable seat pad makes cleanup a breeze, and the oversized, expandable hood with window provides custom shade options. An easy access storage basket holds all mum's essentials when on the go.
After hours of looking for a stroller that we could use to take on Holiday with us and for quickness as my other pushchair is a huge travel system that is a nightmare to get in and out of some shops!, I kept coming back to this one! Its a lovely little stroller, ideal for flying as folds pretty flat, and is soooo light, as normal 'umbrella' folding strollers can look very unsteady this is far from it! It has lots of padding and would be ideal for a newborn, but is great for all ages, I love that you can have it parent or forward facing, and the hood is big, which is good because if the sun is low they will still be protected! The fact it comes with the rain cover and strap pads is also a bonus, as most strollers don't! I am very happy with this stroller and cant wait to take it out!!! :) Recommend 100%.
lovely stroller
4 Feb 2015
I purchased this pushchair for my granddaughter because I had problems using the one my daughter had, it was too heavy. This pushchair is so easy to push even with one hand on uneven ground. Folding it one handed is a breeze and very light to put in the car. Most importantly my granddaughter seems to find it comfy and the oversize hood shades her from the sun
Easy to fold and light
Nanny C
26 Jan 2015
Brilliant pushchair. Love the extending hood and how easy handle switches to have baby facing you, wish I had bought when little one was born. Also really easy to lie the back rest flat and upright. Can fold down and put up with one hand.
Excellent pushchair!
2 Nov 2014
Love this product. So easy to use and very lightweight. Perfect for getting on and off public transport, so great if you live in a city like we do, but also works pretty well on grass too. Only downsides are that the basket is tricky to get things in and out of and the steering is not brilliant when forward facing, but we clip the carseat on if we want her to face us so not a big problem.
Great pushchair - perfect for the city
30 Aug 2014
I use this stroller almost every day for a walk with my little girl it so light and stylish love the colours but the wheels swags
I would recommend this product
20 Aug 2014


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Select Local Merchants
J C CoveRead MoreJ C Cove in Freeport is a well-known steakhouse, featuring a familiar ambience with superb steak and tasty seafood. It's a local favorite for customers that want incredible food. If you're planning ahead, most people will agree that later in the week (Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays) will be the best time to visit. Also, you'll definitely want to take advantage of its outdoor seating when the New York weather is nice. It should be noted that casual attire is encouraged. Also, if you're in the mood for tunes, it's a great option for live music. For those keeping an eye on their diet, the robust menu does feature items that are gluten-free, low-fat, and vegetarian. Plus, it's been tabbed as a good option for large groups. If you need food provided for a local event, take advantage of its catering options. Or, if you're looking for the perfect spot to unwind after work, it's got a phenomenal happy hour and a pretty stout selection behind the bar. A good option for dinner, J C Cove definitely stands out from the rest. Visitors to the restaurant have the ability to park nearby on the street. Prefer to pedal your way there? Bike parking is also provided.229 Woodcleft AveFreeport, NY US
LandsharkRead MoreLandshark is a casual urban cafe that offers a selection of breakfast, lunch and dinner options. For your viewing pleasure, Landshark also stocks TVs in the bar area. For those who love to shake it, hit the bar dance floor and show off some of your best moves. Be prepared to raise your voice, though — the bar can get noisy. Weekends are busy at the bar, so be prepared for longer wait times. Valet service is offered in the lot next door, where patrons can choose to park their own vehicles as well. When the lot gets busy, diners can turn to street parking.43 Woodcleft AveFreeport, NY US
D Q Sports BarRead MoreEnjoy a large array of finger food at D Q Sports Bar, a local pub. D Q Sports Bar is a local restaurant that accommodates both large and small groups. Casual dining at its best, D Q Sports Bar customers are free to enjoy themselves in jeans and a T-shirt. Drivers can find a space for their wheels on the street when dining at the restaurant's Atlantic Ave business. D Q Sports Bar s mid-range cuisine will please your pockets as well as your palate. D Q Sports Bar certainly has all your pub favorites to make an evening comfortable for the whole gang!382 Atlantic AveFreeport, NY US
Spices Negril Restaurant & LoungeRead MoreAdding the right seasonings can make or break a meal, and no one knows that better than Jeff Bacchas. So when the native of Negril, Jamaica, opened his Long Island eatery, he named it Spices Negril Restaurant & Lounge. The menu is a tribute to the power of a little creative spicing. The popular jerk chicken wings are marinated and sautéed in a blend of more than seven herbs and spices, and a goat dish gets its kick from being slow-cooked in a spicy curry sauce. Even the "rasta pasta"—penne with peppers, onion, and garlic—comes topped with blackened seasoning. Diners can balance their meals with a sweet island cocktail, such as the Peach Schnapps–based Jolly Jamaican. Of course, the other way the restaurant spices up its meals is with live entertainment. The lounge hosts calypso and reggae performers throughout the week, including DJs and the reggae band Inner Roots.1084 Grand AveSouth Hempstead, NY US
Legends LoungeRead MoreChow down on all of your pub favorites at Legends Lounge in Baldwin. Score quick and easy seating for your large group at Legends Lounge. Leave the fancy duds at home — patrons at the restaurant dress informally. You can also serve food from Legends Lounge at your next party — the restaurant offers catering. Street parking is available, or, on busy nights, a nearby lot is another option for drivers. It's not the cheapest, it's not the most expensive, but it is the most delicious. Come to Legends Lounge for a great bite.1299 Grand AvenueBaldwin, NY US
Irish PubRead MoreKick back after work at Irish Pub, a fun pub with a hint of English style. Comfort food at its best, low-fat is intentionally left off the menu here. TVs are also readily available in the bar area to broadcast the best games. Gather up your group of friends and head to Irish Pub, a local restaurant that has room for large groups. With a parking lot adjacent to Irish Pub, you won't get stuck circling the block. Deep pockets not required! Irish Pub takes pride in its over-the-top flavor and just-right prices.734 Sunrise HwyBaldwin, NY US


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Your Privacy Rights. About Us.
...is that their toilet paper is awful!
I hope BuffJim got the memo and packed a few rolls for his honeymoon.
I always ran the chain through the chain cleaner with Simple Green, wiped the chain down, let dry, and lubed. Read a review of a chain cleaner and it said to run the chain through a second time with just water, dry, then lube. Anyone else do this extra step? Is it necessary?
Set some records today. 60 miles at 17.5 average. Some good work with our buddy Mike into some stiff headwinds.
Gina received 35 PR's on Strava, I got 19. Gina also received two #5 trophies on a couple of segments. Meaning she set the 5th best times on these segments this year. One segment of 16. 5 miles and the other at 8.5 miles. Knowing that thousands of riders do these segments is cool!
At Green River, still 30 miles back to the coast.
Buddy Mike
After the ride.
...enough to win the World Championship(!), but that moto hitting him looks totally avoidable:
The moto goes, "beep beep" and then accelerates like a maniac (presumably to avoid the pack) and just ends up wiping out Sagan.
Brazil, India, Nigeria, Mexico, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Africa, Venezuela, the United States, Colombia, & Pakistan have the ten most homicides in the world (according to Wiki).
Hmm, I think China and Russia are lying about their numbers, but even including them would keep us in the top 10.
I do wonder what kind of regulations/limits we would have in place if 14,827 folks were smothered to death by pillows each year (and what that would do to our reputation abroad).
I will miss cycling to outdoor local farmers' markets for my food. In our area, the stalls shutdown after October. Sure there are 3 winter indoor markets, but the food isn't the same ..it's not local and usually I find not as tasty. I'm not die-hard organic produce consumer. I simply like to buy local (meaning from Alberta or British Columbia. A lot of fruit cannot be grown in Alberta. Our winters are too long and hard) and support the farmers who work hard for us.
Today it snowed/cold rain. So I'm cycling over there tomorrow to pick up more butternut squash before prices shoot up. It's good exercise --all that fresh produce hauling by bike homeward.
My personal blog on cycling & other trivia.
...are about to get a retirement party and Bill XXXV and Bill XXXVI will take their places at Navy football games.
Have a great retirement, guys!
4 people I knew well were killed in a plane crash yesterday afternoon. Charlie had worked with my wife and also rode bike with me. When I heard the N number of the plane I knew it was his but didn't know till this morning who was with him.
Than to do a photoshoot with your favorite bartender! This is part of a shoot from a couple weeks back. She just got her bike and wanted it in the shoot.
From the latest issue of Costco Connection magazine:
Question:With more cyclists on the roads these days, some people say they should pay registration or some other form of user fee to help maintain bike lanes and safety improvements. Critics argue that cyclists pay for roads through the taxes they pay like everybody else.What do you think?
Brian J. Boquist (a state senator in Oregon who serves on the Finance & Revenue Committee) responds:In 1990, the gas tax paid most of the state government's highway budget. But today, in Oregon, only 22 percent of that budget comes from the gas tax, while 14 percent comes from vehicle registration. Nationwide, roads are in disrepair, including bicycle infrastructure.The OReGO program has been created to switch to a road usage charge instead of the gas tax. Other new usage fee systems are inevitable unless citizens want to ride on a mud track. The notion that bicycle owners already pay for road usage via their motor vehicles is a red herring.Passenger cars, light pickups, commercial trucks, motorcycles and bicycles will have to pay their own way in the future if they want to utilize the road system (what has been discussed is a version of weight mile based on damage and maintenance, i.e., bikes are a few dollars, then cars more, then heavier vehicles more, etc). However, reform of the transportation system must protect each user class's usage or license fee for that category. Bicycle owner contributions must pay for bicycle lanes, bike parking and bike YES infrastructure—not for subsidizing other road users. Modern computer modeling can pro-rate, etc. In Oregon, we have regional committees of state and local government that help determine the priorities.The present gas tax and license fee system does not cover even half the costs of our failing infrastructure. My constituents asked me to introduce SB 177 and SB 551 to start the discussion on how to address the shortfalls in bicycle access. Most of the opposing comments can be summarized by an email I got, stating, "We are setting up a recall on you, Senator Boquist, and sending you back to the dairy farm." There is no recall. Meanwhile, the nice paved road to my childhood dairy farm is now a muddy gravel track in the winter, as the county can no longer afford maintenance and simply put gravel right over the top of the asphalt.Bicycle commuters and avid riders need to help state and local government craft a future bicycle system and a way to pay for it. If not, when the transportation crisis hits government, bicyclists will not like what they get, as decisions will be made quickly to save and pave those farm-to-market roads, and bicyclists will end up with an unmaintained muddy gravel track.


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Stories tagged with "computer"
Scene & Heard
September 1, 2015
On the first day of school, NJIT welcomed students back to campus with what is universally accepted as a beautiful thing: free food.The annual pancake breakfast, served outside on the campus... read more!
Scene & Heard
August 31, 2015
Young girls were told that they could use code to change the world, to find their voices and to dare to be different at a graduation ceremony last week on NJIT's campus that was the culmination... read more!
Scene & Heard
August 26, 2015
Forty girls spent most of their summer in studio classrooms at NJIT, immersed in computer coding.The girls belonged to the Girls Who Code Summer Immersion Program that was housed in the Albert... read more!
Student Profile
July 29, 2015
Eric Smith is interning this summer for the U.S. Navy. It's a great internship and he's getting great experience.He's been a naval intern for just two months, yet he has already... read more!
Alumni Profile
June 4, 2015
Students come from all over the world to study at NJIT -- especially graduate students -- and oftentimes an NJIT degree is their ticket to a good job, social mobility and a foothold in... read more!
Student Profile
March 11, 2015
Jinisha Patel, an NJIT junior, spoke yesterday at the United Nations.She spoke about the importance of encouraging girls to pursue STEM careers during a U.N. Global Compact event called The... read more!
Student Profile
January 13, 2015
NJIT continues to be recognized for its academic and athletic prowess. Recently, three soccer players -- two men and one woman -- were named to Scholar All-East Region Teams. To qualify for... read more!
Student Profile
August 7, 2014
Most students attend college to improve their lives. But many students in the Educational Opportunity Program attend college to improve the lives of their parents.Consider, for instance,... read more!
Alumni Profile
July 21, 2014
David Daudelin graduated just two years ago, yet he has already created a technology that his employer --AT&T -- is developing into a commercial product.David developed what he calls the... read more!
Scene & Heard
July 9, 2014
As electronically connected as we are via a variety of devices, Ph.D. candidate Julia Mayer says that our digital interaction could be significantly more personal, and much better for making... read more!


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Wayfair Business JOIN FREE!
One Account. Five Sites. Exclusive Discounts.Learn More
Free Shipping
Product Information:
Whether you want a sewing center, a handy organizer from which to pay bills or an extra desk for the home office, our Mobile Work Center is right for the job.
Product Details
Additional Documents
Weights & Dimensions
|Desk Type: Computer desk
Top Material: Manufactured Wood
|Base Material: Laminate; Manufactured Wood
|Application: Home office
|Number of Items Included: 1
|Non-Toxic: Yes
|Design: Rectangular desk
|Cable Management: No
|Keyboard Tray: No
|Height Adjustable: No
Drawers Included: Yes
|Number of Drawer Pedestals: 1
|Drawer Pedestal Included: Yes
|Exterior Shelving: No
|Cabinets Included: No
|Ergonomic Design: No
|Handedness: Both left and right
|Chair Included: No
Legs Included: Yes
Casters Included: Yes
|Hutch Included: No
|Treadmill Included: No
|Cork Back Panel: No
Modesty Panel: Yes
|CPU Storage: No
|Built In Outlet: No
|Built In Surge Protector: No
|Light Included: No
Modular: Yes
|Lifestage: Teen; Adult
|Country of Manufacture: United States
|Solid Wood Construction: No
|Assembly Required: Yes
|Tools Needed: Screwdriver
|Additional Parts Required: No
|Product Warranty: 1 Year limited
About the ManufacturerVenture Horizon Corporation, established in 1985, offers a variety of merchandise in several product categories at competitive prices. Their unique, creative designs, offered in numerous colors that change with the seasons as well as with the times.
In order to ensure their place among leading furniture manufacturers, Venture Horizon works in a variety of mediums including solid hardwoods, MDF, particle board, steel, plastic and glass. Since variety is crucial to consumer acceptance they produce furniture in several finishes like melamine, paper and vinyl.
More About This Product
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Ships via: FedEx/UPS
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We want you to love it. If you don't, you may return your purchase within 30 days of delivery. All you need to do is visit our Self-Service Return Center for instructions. Return credits are issued within 24 hours once the item is received and inspected. Please note that shipping charges are non-refundable. The cost of return shipping will be deducted from your refund. 30-Day Return Policy
Overall Rating
Based on 7 reviews
Customer PhotosAdd your own photo
Great Little Desk for storage in a tight spot Alisa from Shawnee, KS on 03/03/2015 – Verified Buyer
I am a professional seamstress and needed a small desk (less than 17" deep) to go next to my sewing machine. This worked perfect because it not only was the right size but it also offered the extra storage to the right. I was a little worried after reading the reviews but since it was the only desk I could find I decided it was worth trying . This was not that difficult to put together!!! I have had to put together several pieces of furniture lately and this was no more difficult than the others, the only difference is it uses wood glue. The wood glue comes in a bag which I thought was odd. I happened to have some wood glue that was in a plastic container so I poured the bag into the container and it made it much easier to use. I would recommend doing the same personally. Also, you just want to use a little wood glue, to much and it just becomes a mess. The only reason I gave this a 4 star is because the drawers don't seem like they could support much weight. Some of the drawer bottoms didn't fit into the grooves perfectly which means they could bow out if something to heavy is put in them. I wish they would have included little support clips that also hold the drawer bottom. I know they exist because other furniture I have put together did include them. This is a good little desk for the money.
Was this helpful? Yes 0 No 0
Good but… Dennis from Portland, OR on 10/07/2014 – Verified Buyer
Until fully assembled, it's a puzzle with too many fragile parts. Seems solid when built, but for how long?
Was this helpful? Yes 2 No 0
Matches discription, Thats the best I can Say Timothy from Slingerlands, NY on 02/21/2015 – Verified Buyer
Quality control must lacking! arrived with one drawer veneer paper torn so parts would not come together ,. hole for one cam lock right through the wood witch made it almost impossible to lock the parts together. Glue comes in a bag not tubes as in directions, some metal pins are really small wood dowels. other metal pins don't line up as they are supposed too! You need right angle brackets to hold drawers together until glue sets. They suggest 2 hours however if your application is a little thick it will need more like 4
Was this helpful? Yes 1 No 0
Great value, easy assembly, durable finish Rhonda from Saint Anthony, ID on 05/05/2015 – Verified Buyer
I have had a very hard time finding a small desk with the drawers on the right side Pros: Great value, easy assembly, durable finish Cons: it as just what i was looking for
Was this helpful? Yes 0 No 0
Perfect for small area. Catherine from Toledo, OH on 09/17/2015 – Verified Buyer
Very sturdy, good looking desk for very small area. Perfect fit.
Was this helpful? Yes 0 No 0


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Originally posted on Pro Sports Daily | Last updated 12/10/12
Big Game James is headed to the heartland, while the minor league player of the year is moving south. In a blockbuster trade Sunday night, the Tampa Bay Rays dealt right-hander "Big Game" James Shields and two other players to the Kansas City Royals for a package of four prospects, including outfielder Wil Myers, the consensus top player in the minors this year. Kansas City also received right-hander Wade Davis, and it will get a player to be named. Heading to Tampa Bay are right-hander Jake Odorizzi, third baseman Patrick Leonard and left-hander Mike Montgomery. Shields, 30, was a double-digit winner for the Rays in each of the past six seasons. He went 15-10 with a 3.52 ERA in 33 starts last year, leaving his career totals at 87-73 with a 3.89 ERA over 218 appearances, including 217 starts. Since moving into the Tampa Bay rotation in 2006, Shields has rarely missed a start. He also pitched effectively for Tampa Bay in its run to the 2008 World Series, though he wasn't as ...
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- 54Promote
Stationery Cards
Away We Goby Alicia Bock
Set of folded stationery cards printed on bright white, smooth card stock to bring your personal artistic style to everyday correspondence. Each card is blank on the inside and includes a soft white, European fold envelope for mailing.
beatiful!!! :)
Thank you Carina!
Sweet. Nice treatment!
Thanks Ryan! But, no treatment... just a scan of the original Polaroid.
Ohhh I love this!
Thank you RDelean and Karin Elizabeth!
Love balloons., and these are great
love this
Thank you all so much!
Love air balloons, and this is a beautiful photograph!
Thank you Pom Graphic!
See More Comments


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C TRAN is the smart way to go!
C TRAN is:
- Shopper Shuttle - only 50 cents per boarding. 25 cents for seniors and people with disabilities.
- 9 local routes service Elmira & the towns of Chemung County
- Commuter routes to Ithaca, Corning, and New Elmira-Owego Service via Sayre, PA.
- Local One-way Fare $1.75
- Discounts offered on most routes for seniors, people with disabilities, and youth
- All buses are equipped with ramps or lifts
- Access Chemung - curb to curb service available to seniors and people with a disability for medical and employment destinations.
Trip Planning!
C TRAN is entering the world of 511 trip planning.
511NY is New York State's official traffic and travel info source. Taking public transit is safe and reliable, soon you will be able to go to our trip planner in the left side of this page to start planning your trip, or simply dial 511 on your phone. Wherever you're going, 511NY is here to get you there.Read more...
Rider Alerts!
Rider Alerts!
Join the Car-Free Challenge. WIN PRIZES! Walk. Bike. Ride the C TRAN Bus. Carpool. September 22 - October 5th. 511NY Southern Tier Rideshare is partnering with local agencies such as C TRAN and nearby counties to launch a regional Car-Free Challenge on International Car Free Day September 22, 2015.
Participating is easy! Visit the website to register, log your trips and be eligible to WIN DAILY PRIZES and a GRAND PRIZE - a GO-PRO CAMERA! Registration is now open!
For questions, please contact, Amber Simmons, Chemung County Mobility Manager at 607-220-9476
Riders seeking more information should call the C TRAN customer information line at 734-5211.


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- 23Promote
Framed Art Print
Lady in Mintby The Velvet Owl Design Studio
Choose from a variety of frame styles, colors and sizes to compliment your favorite Society6 gallery, or fine art print - made ready to hang. Fine-crafted from solid woods, premium shatterproof acrylic protects the face of the art print, while an acid free dust cover on the back provides a custom finish. All framed art prints include wall hanging hardware.
A vintage inspired fan pattern on a soft, textured mint green.


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Blink 182 Bunny Seal Ladies T-Shirt
Official Band Merch
(approx. $22.59 or €20.46)
- Out of Stock - Product Discontinued
- Product Type: Ladies T-shirt
- Product Code: 48797
For true fans of Blink 182, this awesome 'Bunny Seal' ladies t-shirt will help you relive the classic Blink years of the 'Finest Quiality Crappy Punk Rock' with its awesome bunny mascot design. Officially licensed and made from 100% cotton.


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Senator Troy Balderson is currently serving his first term in the Ohio Senate, representing the 20th District, which encompasses all of Fairfield, Guernsey, Hocking, Morgan, and Muskingum Counties, as well as portions of Athens and Pickaway Counties. He is currently the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and Vice Chairman of the Senate Committee on Public Utilities. With the great influx of attention being directed to Ohio's energy industry, Senator Balderson oversees policy initiatives for one of the fastest growing sectors of our economy.
In addition to his committee leadership responsibilities, Senator Balderson serves as a member of the Government Oversight and Reform Committee, Insurance Committee, Education Committee, and the Finance Education Subcommittee. He is also a member of the Joint Committee on Agency Rule Review, and a co-chair of the Energy Mandates Study Committee.
Prior to joining the Ohio Senate, Balderson served in the Ohio House of Representatives, where he served on the House Finance Committee, and also presided as Chairman of the Subcommittee on Agriculture and Natural Resources. Through these positions, he has played an important role in developing policies that encourage job creation while putting Ohio back on a path to fiscal stability without raising taxes.
Born and raised in southeastern Ohio, Senator Balderson graduated from Zanesville High School in 1980 and attended both Muskingum College and The Ohio State University. In the spring of 2015, he was inducted into the Zanesville City Schools Hall of Fame and received an honorary degree from Zane State College.
Senator Balderson was awarded the 2014 North Star Award for Distinguished Service to Youth by the Boy Scouts of America for his exemplary service as a State Senator. He is active in the community as a member of the Genesis Health Care Advisory Board, the Cattleman's Association, the Muskingum County Farm Bureau, the Ohio Township Association, the Ohio Sportsman's Caucus, and the Ohio Broadband and Technology Caucus. He is also a member of the Fairfield County, Muskingum County, and Pickerington Chambers of Commerce.
Senator Balderson is a former member of the Muskingum County Business Incubator Board, was the co-founder of Appalachia Outdoor Adventures, and has served as an elder at the First Christian Church. He also serves as a member of the Energy Supply Task Force at the National Conference of State Legislators.


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A former Pennsylvania county Republican Party head faces 19 criminal charges tied to allegations he raped and assaulted a 51-year-old female colleague, then tampered with evidence and lied to police during questioning.
Robert Kerns, 66, a married father of three, resigned from his Montgomery County Republican Party position a few weeks ago just after the charges surfaced, the Daily Mail reported.
The alleged victim worked with Mr. Kerns at his Lansdale law firm.
"I give great credit to the victim in this case," said Montgomery County District Attorney Risa Vetri Ferman in the Daily Mail. "She was extremely courageous in coming forward."
The alleged attack took place after a work-related celebration at a restaurant, when Mr. Kerns offered her a ride, the Daily Mail reported. He allegedly took a bottle of wine, into which he dropped Ambien, and then served it to her.
"At some point between the time she drank the wine provided by Kerns and lost consciousness and the time she regained her memory as they entered her neighborhood, the victim has a vague memory of her head up against the car window and pushing Kerns away," the grand jury report stated, as the Daily Mail reported.
Mr. Kerns then drove to her home, allegedly helped her inside and assaulted her again, the report said. Mr. Kerns, through his attorney, denied the allegations.
Court documents indicate the victim's urine contained traces of Ambien, a drug she said she's never taken, the Daily Mail reported. Mr. Kerns reportedly turned himself into authorities late Tuesday.


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After reading mixed reviews we were a bit worried about what we would find. We stayed for two weeks and had one of the best holidays of our lives. The Hotel was clean and spacious whith endless supplies of pools and some form of entertainment happening at all times. Particular praise goes to Emily from the entertainment team who was very plesant. The staff were all egar to please always asking if we were ok and if they could do anything for us. The food across the bord was good although mainly geared up for the russians and germans. The room was large and cool with plenty of storage space and a nice view of the surrounding gardens. We had a few spar treatments whilst there which after haggling were well priced and we had a great time. The water slides were great fun and well manged by the staff.
Our only problems we experinced were the staff trying to sell excersions. They could be a bit full on at times but we found that if you said a firm no they left you alone for the rest of the holiday. ( avoid the 4 islands tour as this is a comple lie there is only 1 island they just take you to diffrent areas on it)
The russian guest we found to be very rude to the staff and treated them like slaves, as a result the staff favoured the english and we found we got much better service than the russians.
We really enjoyed our time there and were very dissapointed to leave And would deffiantly return.
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia so you can book your Albatros Resort Hotel Hurghada reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Albatros Hotel Hurghada
- Hurghada Albatros Hotel


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WASHINGTON, March 18 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- David P. Wright, Co-Chair of the Alliance for Biosecurity and Chairman and CEO of PharmAthene, Inc., testified today before the House Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Subcommittee on the critical importance of developing drugs, vaccines and other medical countermeasures needed to protect Americans from bioterrorism and other catastrophic health emergencies. Effective medical countermeasures for many of the chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents that pose the greatest threat to the United States do not currently exist, and Wright argued that the federal government should take a more active role in supporting their development to bolster the nation's biosecurity.
"Protecting our nation against bioterror threats is no less important than ensuring that we have the tools necessary to fortify and protect our military," Wright noted, but "funding for the development of CBRN countermeasures, particularly in the area of advanced development, has been woefully inadequate." Wright stated that "without adequate funding, promising countermeasures will not be developed and the nation will remain vulnerable to a bioterror attack - and make no mistake, a bioterror attack is a real and credible threat."
New drug development is an extraordinarily time consuming and resource-intensive process that requires 10-15 years and approximately $800 million from start to finish for one product. To help accelerate the development of needed medical countermeasures, the Alliance recommended that Congress provide $1.7 billion in FY 2010 to support the advanced research and development of biodefense countermeasures. The principle agency responsible for these activities is the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) within HHS. Wright observed that when Congress created BARDA in 2006 it authorized $1.07 billion specifically for this pur
|SOURCE Alliance for Biosecurity
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