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What are the names of all the jamaican scientist?
A media frenzy ensued when Connor painted his nails to support his friend Jude. The episode went viral within minutes and #goblueforjude was trending on Twitter. How did it feel to receive this kind of reaction from viewers?View Full Interview
In Science
What does the jamaican scientist paula tennant discover?
What did the Jamaican scientist Paula Tennant discover? She discovered and characterized numerous viruses affecting citrus, curcurbits and root crops. She was the fist per…son in the Caribbean to develop a bio-engineered product. She created a disease-resistant, transgenic strain of the local papaya by genetically modifying the fruit. The Solo Sunrise Papaya is her creation and it is resistant to the Papaya Ringspot Virus. Dr. Tennant is a Plant Biotechnologist/Research Plant Pathologist with training in the field of plant molecular biology. Her work involves the identification of viruses of vegetables and fruit crops with an emphasis on developing management strategies using Biotechnology as well as natural sources of tolerance or resistance from diverse gemplasm, including domestic and wild species. She has authored over 13 peer-reviewed papers and 2 book chapters in the field of plant biotechnology. (MORE)
Which jamaican scientist develope a new species of cattle called the jamaican hope?
Dr. Thomas Lecky
Answered Most Recently
How do scientists name hurricanes after all of the letters of the alphabet?
Scientists name each hurricane after one letter in the alphabet. It goes A, B, C, D, etc.Names alternate in gender; for example the first storms of the 2010 Atlantic sea…son were Alex, Bonnie, Colin, and Danielle. In the Atlantic the letters Q, U, X, Y, and Z are not used as there are not enough names beginning with those letters. Naming starts at A at the beginning of each year, and name lists for each year are reused on a six year rotation. If a storm causes serious damage, or a high death toll the storm name is replaced and not used again. For example like Hurricane Katrina had its name replaced by Katia for the 2011 season. If all available letters are used up then storms are named with the Greek Alphabet. This happened in the 2005 season, which saw storms named Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, Epsilon, and Zeta. (MORE)
In Birds
Colors and Characteristics of Jamaican Birds
Hundreds of birds live on Jamaica, and 28 species are endemic to the island. Because Jamaica is tropical, bird watchers visit all year and traverse the mountains, jungles, val…leys and grasslands in search of both common and elusive birds. These are some of the flamboyant Jamaican birds you see while bird watching.The red-billed streamertail hummingbird is the national bird of Jamaica. Locals also call it the doctor bird, because the long tail feather resemble the coattails of a doctor. Its body is three to four inches long, and the tail streamers add another nine inches. They have bright emerald-green bodies with black heads, and their bills are red with black tips. The females are less flamboyant, with green and white bodies, gray-brown heads and no tail streamers. Red-billed streamertails are plentiful wherever you find flowers, either in the wild or in gardens. Some become familiar enough to eat out of your hand.Only three inches long, the Jamaican tody is a colorful bird, with a green back and head, white or yellow underparts, a bright red throat and a sharp flat orange bill. Find it on small branches of forest trees. It feeds on fruit, larvae and insects and nests in burrows.Bananaquits are three to five inches long. They have yellow bellies, gray-black backs and heads, white or gray throats and white eyebrow stripes. Common in gardens, they pierce flowers with their sharp bills and feed on the nectar. Locals stock feeders with granulated sugar to attract them, earning them the nickname sugar bird.The chestnut-bellied cuckoo is a large bird with a gray head and back, a long purple tail and chestnut underparts. It inhabits lowland tropical forests. Its far-reaching distinctive song is the first indication of its presence. It is more stealthy and less easy to spot than other Jamaican birds.Yellow-billed parrots grow up to 11 inches long. Most of the body is green. The area around the forehead and eyes is white, while the cheeks and a patch above the forehead are blue. The throat is light red. These birds live in mountainous forests. Sometimes bird watchers spot them flying from roost to roost. Previously widespread on Jamaica, they are now an endangered species due to habitat loss and illegal trapping for the pet trade.These are some of the many Jamaican birds to discover while bird watching. Many species are easy to see everywhere, even in city gardens. Others are more elusive, and spotting them requires patience and close attention.One of the best places to spot birds in Jamaica is the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park. Rocklands Bird Sanctuary south of Montenegro Bay is another popular bird watching destination. The Blue Mountains is a sparsely developed area where you easily find many species of birds. (MORE)
In Rum
Top-selling Jamaican Rum Brands
The popularity of rum in the United States is increasing every year. Jamaican rum offers a unique spin on rum, since it is made from distilled molasses to impart extra sweetne…ss and darker flavors. Rums from Bermuda, Trinidad and Tobago and Belize all have similar profiles. Here are some of the most popular, best-selling Jamaican rum brands in the nation.Appleton is well known as producing not only one of the best Jamaican rums but simply one of the best rums of all time. Though it is one of the more expensive rums on this list, the extra price is worth it if you prefer a delicate balance between sweetness and spice. Look for Appleton's Estate Reserve rum for a special, award-winning treat that does not break your bank.At over 300 years old, Mount Gay is the oldest brand of rum on the planet. The brand is owned by Remy Contreau and is sold in 66 countries. It makes six core styles of rum that range from dark to silver, but it also features a variety of flavored rums. Look for Mount Gay in nearly any liquor store.Myers dark rum can be found in most liquor stores across the country. It is distilled only by using pure Jamaican molasses and is aged for up to four years in white oak barrels. Myers has been making rum since 1879, and it now makes nine different styles.Coruba rum, like Appleton, is made by J. Wray & Nephew Limited. It is a dark brown rum that is distilled from fermented molasses. Though it is one of the best selling Jamaican rums, it is often considered too strong and sweet to sip on its own. Mix Coruba with other ingredients for a spicy, sweet cocktail.Popular rums such as these have stood the test of time. Invest in a commonly purchased, best-selling Jamaican rum brand if you are new to the world of Jamaican rum. Sample a few of these mainstream spirits to determine which flavor profile you most prefer; at that point, you can experiment further to find the perfect rum that suits your tastes.Rum's Caribbean connection dates back many centuries and slaked the thirst of speakeasy customers during America's Prohibition years. In that era, rum runners ensured a supply of liquor by ferrying distilled spirits from Caribbean ships. (MORE)
In Caribbean
Rum Punch is Jamaica's Treat
Rum is an alcohol that is made with sugar cane juice. The juice is fermented and distilled, and then left to age in Oak barrels for differing amounts of time. Sugar cane grows… well in tropical climates, such as the climate of the Caribbean. Jamaican Rum Punch is one of the many delicious alcoholic drinks that utilizes the rum that is commonly produced into the Caribbean.There are a couple of different recipes for rum punch. The most common recipe includes the following: 151 rum, dark rum, coconut rum, pineapple juice, orange juice, lime juice, grenadine, and ice cubes. Recipes vary in what kinds of rum is called for and what kind of juices are used.No, rum punch is quite simple to make. All it entails is measuring the ingredients, mixing them all together in a large punch bowl, and serving. It does not require any special tools or skills to make this deliciously simple drink.Jamaican rum can be enjoyed at a variety of different occasions. It is not clear what events Jamaicans originally served rum punch at or even the origins of this drink. Especially since it has come to the United States, this is gaining more and more popularity at different events- from block parties to family reunions. A Caribbean inspired bbq would be the perfect time to debut your rum punch abilities. The citrus flavors in Rum Punch make it a good pairing with many different foods, but is also perfect to just sip on as well. Since it is so easy to make, it is also very easy to whip up on a moment's notice as well.There are not virgin options of rum punch. The majority of the ingredients in rum punch are alcoholic, and would be orange juice, pineapple juice, lime juice, grenadine, and ice without the rum. Of course, you can always ask your guests who are abstaining from alcohol if they would like to try a virgin version, but virgin versions of other drinks, such as daiquiris or pina coladas, are much more popular than virgin rum punch. It is always polite to have non-alcoholic beverages available for those who are choosing not to drink for whatever reason.Rum is a very common alcoholic beverage in areas where sugar cane grows well. Many different traditional Caribbean drinks, such as the painkiller and mojitos, heavily feature rum of some kind, whether flavored or unflavored, dark or white. Jamaican Rum punch is one of the many popular drinks that relies on the Caribbean's tradition of rum drinking. Jamaican Rum Punch is very easy to make, and will be sure to please.National Rum Punch Day is celebrated in the United States on September 20 every year. Find a good recipe for Rum Punch and partake in the festivities this year. (MORE)
In Recipes
Great Jamaican Fish Recipe
Just thinking about Jamaica brings to mind pristine beaches, rich blue water, and exotic foods. While you may not be able to go to the islands every time you have a craving fo…r this cuisine, you can make your own versions at home using your grill. This Jamaican fish recipe lets you serve up your own taste of the Carribean whenever you want. It is a spicy, tangy fish and is perfect for lunch or dinner. Best of all, it is as easy as it is delicious, and since you cook the fish in aluminum foil, there is little messy cleanup.To prepare this Jamaican fish recipe, you will need a small mixing bowl, some tongs to turn the fish, a basting brush, and a serving plate. Wash your hands before and after handling the fish. Place the four squares of foil out separately in your work area. Place one tilapia fillet in the center of each square of foil. Combine the paprika, Jamaican Jerk, garlic, and olive oil in the mixing bowl. Stir until blended then brush the mixture thoroughly on each side of the fish. Each piece should be well coated with the seasoning.Preheat your grill on medium-high heat. Do not use high heat because it will overcook the fish and make it dried out. While the grill is preheating, place the onion, limes, and peppers into equal portions on each tilapia filet. If one person does not like onions or peppers, you can omit them from their piece of fish and add it to the remaining fish. It will change the flavor for that piece, but it will still be delicious. Season them on each side with salt and pepper to taste. If you would like to add a little more paprika or garlic to this Jamaican fish recipe, you can put an additional 1/4 tsp on each piece along with the salt and pepper.Fold the edges of each piece of foil inwards so that it forms a packet. Crimp the edges together. This helps to seal the packets so that the fish cooks in the packets and the juices do not run out into the grill. It also helps the flavors to blend during grilling. Place the packets on the grill and cook them for 10 minutes. Then turn each one and cook them for another 10 minutes. Check to see if the fish is white, not opaque. When it is not opaque and the vegetables and limes are tender, remove the fish from the heat onto a serving plate. Keep them unopened in their packets.Wait 10 minutes before you open the packets. This helps the juices to settle in the fish and make it as moist and flaky as possible. It also gives the flavors a little more time to blend together with the fish. When the fish is ready, open each packet and put it on a plate to serve. Or remove the fish from the packets and drizzle the excess seasoning from the foil over each filet.This Jamaican fish recipe will satisfy your hunger for Carribean food in a flash. Pair this flaky, flavorful fish with some Jamaican beer, such as Red Stripe or Jamaican Dragon Stout, or whip up some island favorites such as a Mai Tai or Bahama Mama. If you want more vegetables than what is cooked with the fish, try some grilled carrots and asparagus. For a change of pace with dessert, try some grilled mango or pineapple with ice cream, or pound cake with cherry brandy sauce. You might be so taken with the dish that you plan a Carribbean vacation after trying this delicious fish.It is easy to adjust the ingredients in this dish to give it more or less heat. You can decrease the amount of paprika and pepper, or omit the pepper entirely if you want it less hot. To add more spice, increase the pepper or use a hotter pepper such as a habanero. (MORE)
Forensic Scientists: A Good Career Choice for You?
Forensic science is a field that investigates facts as they relate to criminal or civil law. Forensic science is a broad field, and almost any field of science in applicable, …whether it be chemistry, biology, computer science or physics. If you enjoy science and want a close partnership with the legal field, consider a career in forensic science.A forensic scientist uses science to come up with scientific explanations for legal facts. Usually, a lawyer presents a forensic scientist with a set of legal facts and asks the scientist to analyze the science behind them. For example a lawyer might present a forensic scientist with a gun and a spent bullet, and the scientist has to determine if the bullet and the gun match. Other examples include matching DNA or fingerprints to a particular suspect.If you want to become a forensic scientist, there are a variety of educational paths for you to pursue. The most basic one involves getting a two-year degree in some sort of forensic science like criminal investigation. Some high schools are even providing training in forensics as part of a vocational program. Alternatively, you are able to work toward a bachelor's or an advanced degree in a scientific field and then look for a job in forensics.Although forensic scientists work in a variety of settings, most work in a laboratory. A common setting is working in the medical examiner's office. The medical examiner's office is responsible for determining the cause of death in cases of suspicious death or death for unknown causes. Forensic scientists also work for private forensics firms. These firms are hired by attorneys and individuals to investigate legal issues.Whether you have to testify in court depends on the type of forensics work you do. Some forensics experts are professional expert witnesses, whose work is exclusively linked to preparing testimony to present at trial. However, you do not have to testify if you prefer to work behind the scenes. You are able to perform the experiments and data analysis used to generate the testimony without ever taking the stand.There are a variety of career options available to you if you want to become a forensic scientist. The work you perform as a forensic scientist is vital to successful trial presentation and invaluable to litigants and attorneys alike.Consider forensic science work in crime scene investigation if you desire intense stimulation in your career, but opt for laboratory analysis if you prefer a calmer setting. (MORE)
In Caribbean
Tangy Jamaican Escovitch
The original Jamaican escovitch fish recipe was probably derived from the Spanish escabeche dish. The Spanish discovered Jamaica for Europe in the late 15th century. The dish …consists of whole fried fish that is dressed with a vinegar sauce. Truthfully, it is not unlike the English fish and chips, which is often served with malt vinegar. This dish is the result of West African influence, Arawak natives, and Spanish influence. Jamaican escovitch takes time to marinate after being cooked. Prepare to let this dish sit overnight. It always tastes better the next day.Clean and pat the snapper dry. Sprinkle the fish on both sides with salt and pepper. Set aside on a plate.Heat the vegetable oil in a heavy bottomed skillet, preferably cast iron. The oil should be heated to about 350 degrees F. Place the fish, two at a time, carefully into the hot oil. Fry 3 to 5 minutes on each side until crispy. Remove fish from oil and place onto a rack to drain and cool.To make the tangy marinade, slice the scotch bonnet. Be careful, as these are very spicy can burn your skin. Consider wearing gloves to protect yourself. Peel and julienne the carrot and red pepper, and thinly slice the onion.Place the vinegar and vegetables into a saucepan. Add allspice berries and peppercorn. Simmer until vegetables are tender.Allow the vinegar marinade to cool. Then, place the fish into a non-reactive dish, such as glass or a casserole dish. Pour the cool marinate over the fish. Cover platter with plastic wrap and not aluminum foil. Place platter into refrigerator. Let the fish sit for at least an hour, but it will taste better if it can sit overnight.Serve this dish room temperature or cold. It tastes great with beans or peas and rice.This Jamaican escovitch fish dish was created keeping in mind what is available at most grocers. If red snapper is not available, you can always use another fish with a harder flesh and skin. You do not want your fish to fall apart during the fry. This is a really special make-ahead dish. Like many Jamaican dishes, it is easy to make and involves minimal steps. It's great during the holidays, and can be consumed with the entree or even as an appetizer that everyone can pick from. Check your local shops. You may have an ethnic grocer that carries traditional Caribbean and Jamaican foods. These shops are popping up everywhere, even in small towns with immigrant populations.The traditional Jamaican escovitch dish calls for chayote. It has a very mild flavor and is in the melon family with the cucumber. It looks very much like a squash-shaped avocado. If you add it to this dish, boil it in the vinegar with the other vegetables. (MORE)
In Jamaica
Name of jamaican president?
Jamaica does not have president instead there is a prime minister and his name is Bruce Golding
In Technology
The life of professor errol Morris the Jamaican scientist?
The name of the Jamaican scientist is actually named Errol Morrison versus Errol Morris. He attended the University of the West Indies, University College London, and the …Royal University of Malta. He has done extensive research pertaining to diabetes. (MORE)
In Science
What are all the elements in the periodic table are named after a famous scientist?
These elements are, einsteinium,fermium,mendelevium, nobellium and lawerencium (sorry if any of these are mispelt)


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dual-ring topologyA network topology in which two concentric rings connect each node on a network instead of one network ring that is used in a ring topology. Typically, the secondary ring in a dual-ring topology is redundant. It is used as a backup in case the primary ring fails. In these configurations, data moves in opposite directions around the rings. Each ring is independent of the other until the primary ring fails and the two rings are connected to continue the flow of data traffic.
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From wacky alarm clocks to lecture hall tools and after class entertainment, these Android apps are a good fit for a student's life and budget. Read More »Sharing Threat Intelligence
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Networking fundamentals teaches the building blocks of modern network design. Learn different types of networks, concepts, architecture and... Read More »Computer Architecture Study Guide
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subset: commoncrawl


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The Realtor® Association of Sarasota and Manatee was formed on Jan. 1, 2015 with the merger of the Sarasota Association of Realtors® and the Manatee Association of Realtors®, two long-standing real estate trade associations with a century of histories in the region.
Sarasota/Manatee Realtor® Magazine, the official magazine of local real estate, is published monthly by the Realtor® Association of Sarasota and Manatee.
The statistics are out! / "August 2015 inventory drops; prices climb"The active inventory of properties for sale in...Posted by Realtor Association of Sarasota and Manatee on Monday, September 21, 2015
Read the October 2015 Sarasota/Manatee Realtor Magazine today – CLICK HERE for more
Sarasota top retirement destination – CLICK HERE or more
Many New Florida Laws Enacted – CLICK HERE for more
August 2015 Stats Released – Sales Remain Strong – CLICK HERE for more
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Editor's Picks Playlist
Blue and White Insight: Starting Lineup for Opening Night?
What will be the starting five on opening night? With Paige Sterner as host, Dan Savage and Josh Cohen discuss.
| 03:08
Payton: "Looking Forward to Competing "
Elfrid Payton addressed the media after practice on Tuesday.
| 05:09
Skiles on Progress
Orlando Magic Head Coach Scott Skiles addressed the media after practice on Tuesday.
| 01:20
Who Would Win a Slam Dunk Contest?
Magic players tell us who amongst their teammates would win a slam dunk competition.
| 01:13
Team Classics
Andrew Nicholson's First NBA Made Shot
Watch Andrew Nicholson's first career NBA regular season made shot which came in 2012.
| 00:16
Team Highlights
Mario Hezonja's Pullup Jumper over Batum
Watch Mario Hezonja drill the jay.
| 00:11
Team Originals
Team Interviews
Magic Dancers
2015-16 Magic Dancers: Molleigh
Watch an interview with Molleigh after she was named to the 2015-16 Orlando Magic Dance Team.
| 00:48
Oladipo, Magic Help Fight Childhood Hunger
The Magic partnered with Outback Steakhouse to assist children with childhood hunger.
| 01:44
Magic Uno a Uno: Movimientos en la Libre Agencia
Evaluamos los movimientos del Orlando Magic durante la libre agencia, sus beneficios y quienes han sido los ganadores y perdedores en la NBA.
| 05:03
Maurice Harkless: Style
Maurice Harkless explains his post-game attire, how he put it together and how he rates it on a scale of 1-10.
| 01:27


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Huntington Ingalls Industries (HII) announced today that its Newport News Shipbuilding division has converted its steam-generation plant from heavy fuel oil, also known as Bunker C,
Transas ECDIS has been selected for installation on board 20 surveillance vessels under operation of the Directorate General of Marine Resources and Fisheries Surveillance,
Damen Marine Components (DMC), the oldest company in Damen Shipyards Group, celebrates its 150th anniversary today. DMC has grown from a very small shipyard established in Gorinchem in 1865,
The Coast Guard Foundation, a nonprofit organization committed to the education and welfare of all Coast Guard members and their families, announced today that
Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. today announced that it has started a demonstration test of a next-generation condition-based engine monitoring system called "CMAXS
The Port of New Orleans is set to host the 2nd Annual Maritime Workforce Summit and Career Expo presented by WWL-TV's 'We Choose Louisiana."
Designed to


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Looking for new additions to the furniture, appliances, computers, smartphones, and electronics that you own without breaking the bank? Our Rent-A-Center in the Waxahachie, Texas area can provide you with the flexible plan you need. With over 3,000 stores throughout the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada and Mexico, we can meet your furniture, smartphones, appliances, computers, and electronics needs no matter where you live.
We make shopping at our store near Waxahachie incredibly simple. View our many brand name products online, or come in to your local Rent-A-Center and see what we have to offer. Remember, if the product from our website that you want is not in our store, we have the ability to special-order it for you. There are many advantages to shopping at the Rent-A-Center near Waxahachie, Texas. We offer several flexible payment plans that can allow you to pay for your smartphones, furniture, appliances, computers, and electronics a little at a time, with no commitment and no credit needed.
Our Waxahachie area Rent-A-Center sports all of the products you could need, from tables to tablets, lamps to refrigerators, and more. With our furniture selection, you can fill each room with quality and style. We carry a variety of furniture sets and collections, so whether you need a table, sofa, loveseat, or recliner, you can add a pop of personality to your furnishings in any room. In addition to our furniture, check out our quality appliances as well. Refrigerators from trusted brands can give you the ability to organize and store your food easily and access it conveniently. Need a computer with no long-term commitment? Check out our store in your area. Trusted brands help us bring you laptops, computers and tablets. Last but not least, our Waxahachie-area store stocks a myriad of electronics and smartphones from the best brands. We offer LED TVs, LCD TVs, plasma TVs and more to bring you the best home theater experience.
Apply now with no credit needed and a worry-free, obligation-free application in our store near Waxahachie, Texas to have the best furniture, smartphones, appliances, computers, and electronics around and a payment plan that's most convenient for you. At your local Rent-A-Center, we make it easy for you to own the best in household furnishings.


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Dean Fernando Arzola, A 2012 NYLPRW Honoree
Posted by Deborah.Walker on Thursday August 16, 2012
Dean of Nyack's College of Arts and Sciences, Dr. Fernando Arzola, Jr., was honored on Thursday, August 16 by the New York League of Puerto Rican Women, Inc. The group will celebrate its College Awards Gala at the Marina Del Rey in Throgs Neck, NY. Dean Arzola is pictured above with Nyack College colleagues and members of his family.
In addition to leaders in education, business, medicine, and community organizations receiving awards, the League provides scholarships to Latina undergraduate students who are selected for their academic achievement and community service.
To learn more about the New York League of Puerto Rican Women, Inc. click here .
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Sounds Like: Portishead, Trentemøller, Röyksopp, Fiona Apple, Björk
Bio: Singer/songwriter and guitarist Megan Heavlin Ochoa and rock frontman turned beatmaker Daniel Durrett (collectively known as Future Us) have the perfect name for their groundbreaking fusion of acoustic sensuality and dirty infectious grooves and wild sonic textures: Organic Electronic Sex-Pop. Ju...See Full Bio
Megan Ochoa
Electric Guitar
"The electronica portion is not overpowering; singer/songwriter and guitarist Megan Heavlin Ochoa never feels like an afterthought. Her vocals are poised, her words comfortable. Her cohort, Daniel Durrett's electronic work is staggering in the sense that he keeps the listener in tune with Ochoa's commanding voice. Durrett's 'tennis match' with Ochoa's vocals never seems at opposite ends of the spectrum, but fine tuned like a couples' game."


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 10, 1991
|Filing date
|Sep 11, 1990
|Priority date
|Sep 11, 1989
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Yoshihiko Kuwahara
|Original Assignee
|Nec Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (21), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a phased array antenna having digital phase shifters and, more particularly, to a phased array antenna with a function of compensating for changes in characteristics ascribable to temperature.
A phased array antenna is capable of scanning a beam electrically, and is used in a microwave landing system (MLS), for example. In MLS, a phased array antenna located on the ground transmits a reciprocating beam to aircraft, while the aircraft measures the interval between a pair of received beams and thereby determines the azimuth and elevation angle thereof. This allows the aircraft to land along a predetermined route. A phase array antenna for the MLS application is generally required to have an accuracy of the order of 1/100 degrees as to beam angle or scanning angle. In practice, however, the characteristics of various components of the antenna, such as a power divider for distributing power to individual antenna elements, are susceptible to temperature since the system itself is situated outdoors. Hence, not only the beam pointing but also the beam shape or the side lobe level are changed and cannot meet the accuracy requirement unless compensation is effected.
In light of this, it has been customary to provide the antenna with an air conditioner. Although the air conditioner is applied for maintaining the temperature around the antenna constant and, therefore, for suppressing the changes in characteristics ascribable to temperature, it brings about various problems, such as the increase in running cost and low reliability.
The use of a monitor manifold associated with a phased array antenna is a conventional approach to reduce the change in beam pointing due to temperature, as disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,766 entitled "SCANNING ANTENNA WITH AUTOMATIC BEAM STABILIZATION" (Aug. 20, 1985). Specifically, while the monitor manifold detects a scanning angle, the scanning timing is changed on the basis of the resultant error. This kind of approach, however, simply corrects the scanning angle by changing the scanning timing. It cannot compensate for the changes in beam shape and side lobe level. As a result, with such a scheme, it is not practicable to prevent the MLS performance from being degraded by the changes in beam shape and side lobe level.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a phased array antenna capable of sufficiently compensating for not only the changes in beam direction but also the changes in beam shape and side lobe level due to temperature and, thereby, insuring the expected MLS performance.
In accordance with the present invention, in a phased array antenna having a plurality of radiating elements, a power divider for distributing transmitting power to the radiating elements, and a plurality of phase shifters each being connected between the power divider and respective one of the radiating elements, and scanning a beam by controlling the amounts of phase shift of the phase shifters, a characteristic compensating apparatus for the antenna comprises a monitor manifold coupled to the array of the radiating elements for combining outputs radiated from the radiating elements and producing the greatest combined output as a monitor output when the antenna has a predetermined scanning angle, phase error calculating means for calculating, when the antenna radiates a scanning beam of the predetermined angle, phase errors between the outputs of the individual radiating elements and the output of the monitor manifold in response to the combined output of the monitor manifold, and phase shift compensating means for compensating the amounts of phase shift of the individual phase shifters in response to the calculated phase errors.
Thus, the present invention provides not only accuracy of a beam direction but also stability of a beam shape and side lobe level even when temperature changes.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a phased array antenna having a prior art temperature compensating apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a diagram representative of a power divider generally applied to a phased array antenna, which is extremely susceptible to temperature;
FIG. 3 is a plot chart showing the changes in phase plane due to temperature heretofore observed with a phased array antenna;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are graphs showing radiation patterns heretofore observed with a phase array antenna at normal temperature and at high temperature, respectively;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram schematically showing a phase array antenna with a temperature compensating apparatus embodying the present invention;
FIGS. 7(A) through 7(D) are diagrams explaining a procedure for calculating a phase error particular to the illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing a compensation operation in the embodiment; and
FIG. 9 is a flowchart demonstrating the compensation operation in the embodiment.
To better understand the present invention, a brief reference will be made to conventional temperature compensation of the kind disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,766, shown in FIG. 1. As shown, a phased array antenna has a plurality of radiating elements 11 spaced a predetermined distance apart and phase shifters 12 associated one-to-one with the radiating elements 11. A high-frequency signal is fed from a signal generator or transmitter 14 to the individual radiating elements 11 via a power divider 14 and the phase shifters 12. An integral monitor manifold 15 is so disposed along the arrayed radiating elements as to receive a part of a signal radiated from each of the radiating elements 11. The combined output from the manifold 15 is applied to a detector 16 whose output is in turn applied to an angle detector 17. The angle detector 17 detects a scanning angle (receiving angle) on the basis of the pulse interval of the output of the detector 16, converts it into digital data, and feeds the digital data to a scanning control section 18. In response, the control section 18 produces a difference between the detected receiving angle and a certain receiving angle, which is predetermined by the location of the monitor manifold, and changes the scanning timing of the phased array antenna, such that the difference becomes zero.
The integral monitor manifold 15 is generally implemented as a slot array waveguide. Combining a part of the signal from each radiating element 11, as mentioned above, the integral monitor manifold 15 produces a waveform analogous to a waveform receiving at a certain remote point of the predetermined receiving angle θ in space. The receiving angle θ of the manifold 15 may be expressed as: ##EQU1## where λ is the wavelength of the radiated signal, λg is the wavelength in the waveguide, and d is the distance between adjacent radiating elements 11. Since the above-mentioned receiving angle of the integral monitor manifold 15 is employed as a reference, the manifold is made of Invar or otherwise constructed so as to prevent the angle from varying due to temperature.
FIG. 2 shows a center branch, serial feed type power divider extensively used with phase array antennas. As shown, the power divider has an input terminal 21 connected to the output terminal of the signal generator 14 (FIG. 1) and output terminals 22 connected to the inputs of the individual phase shifters 12 (FIG. 1). The beam pointing ascribable to this type of power divider essentially does not noticeably change in direction in free space despite temperature change. However, the beam shape and the side lobe level each undergoes a substantial change, as will be described with reference to FIG. 3.
In FIG. 3, a solid line 24 is representative of an equivalent phase plane with respect to the arrayed radiating elements under a normal temperature condition, and an arrow 25 is representative of a beam direction. Generally, a dielectric substrate implementing a power divider changes more in dielectric constant than in the rate of linear expansion with temperature. Hence, as the temperature rises, the phase plane 24 changes to a phase plane 26 represented by a dashed line; as the temperature drops, it changes to a phase plane 27 represented by a dash-and-dot line. On such a change of the phase plane, the beam shape and the side lobe level each undergoes a substantial change although the beam pointing remains the same in the direction.
FIGS. 4 and 5 indicate simulated results showing how the change in phase plane effects the beam pattern. Simulations were made under the following conditions:
(1) number of radiating elements: 78
(2) distance between radiating elements: 35 mm
(3) frequency: 5090.7 MHz
(4) phase shifter: 4-bit digital phase shifter with quantizing error
(5) radiating element pattern: cos θ
(6) set beam direction: 3�
(7) feed line amplitude distribution: Taylor's distribution (side lobe level -30 dB, n=5)
Specifically, FIGS. 4 and 5 show a radiation pattern at normal temperature (25� C.) and a radiation pattern at 71� C., respectively. In these cases, the dielectric constant is varied in accordance with the temperature. As these figures indicate, the side lobe level increases from -20.5 dB to -15.5 dB on the increase in temperature.
Referring to FIG. 6, a temperature compensating apparatus for a phased array antenna embodying the present invention is shown. The illustrative embodiment is identical with the prior art of FIG. 1 as far as the radiating elements 11, phase shifters 12, signal generator 14, integral monitor manifold 15 and detector 16 are concerned. A scanning control unit 31 delivers a transmission timing to the transmitter 14, phase control data for beam scanning to the phase shifters 12, and a control timing to a CPU (Central Processing unit) 38. An operational amplifier 35 amplifies the output of the detector 16. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 36 converts the output of the operational amplifier 35 into digital data. An input/output (I/O) port 37 receives the digital data from the ADC 36. The CPU 38 takes in data at predetermined timings to perform compensation operations. Latches 41 each are associated with respective phase shifters 12 for latching phase correcting data. Adders 42 are each also associated with respective ones of the phase shifters 12 for adding the correcting data from the associated latch 41 to the phase shift control data delivered from the scanning control section 31. Based on the resulting sum, the adder 42 controls the amount of phase shift to be effected by the associated phase shifter 12. To this end, an I/O port 39 transfers the correcting data computed by the CPU 38 to the latches 41.
The computing operation for the compensation particular to the illustrative embodiment is effected during an interval between successive scanning sequences for MLS (timings will be described later specifically). First, a sequence of compensating operation steps will be described. In the event compensation is needed, the scanning control section 31 loads each phase shifter 12 with a predetermined amount of phase shift so that the beam is directed at a predetermined receiving angle particular to the integral monitor manifold 15. In this condition, the combined signal outputted from the manifold 15 should, in principle, be greatest. In practice, however, the phases of the outputs of the individual radiating elements 11 have errors due to the changes in the characteristics of power divider, phase shifters and transmission cable which are in turn ascribable to ambient conditions such as temperature, so that the combined signal is not always greatest in the above condition in the strict sense. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7(A), it is assumed that the combined output V1 is made up by a combination of outputs 51, 52, 53, . . . , i-l, i of the individual radiating elements 11 which are different from one another although substantially in-phase. In the illustrative embodiment, the differences in phase between the outputs (51, 52, 53, . . . i-l, i) of the individual radiating elements 11 and the combined output V1 are calculated and the phase compensating data to be stored in the latches 41 are then produced on the basis of the calculated differences.
Under the control of CPU 38, the amount of phase shift of each phase shifter 12 is so set as to direct the beam at the predetermined receiving angle particular to the manifold 15. Subsequently, one of the phase shifters 21 whose phase error is to be calculated is designated under the control of the CPU 38 and the scalar of the combined output V1, of this instant is measured (FIG. 7(A)). Then, the phase of the phase shifter 21 of interest is sequentially advanced (or retarded) by 90� at a time so as to measure the resultant scalars V2, V3 and V4 (FIGS. 7(B), 7(C) and 7(D)). At this instant, the phase error φ is calculated by: ##EQU2## For the principle of such a procedure for calculating the phase error φ, a reference may be made to Japanese patent laid-open publication No. 001303/1987.
Having calculated the phase difference φ of the phase shifter 21 of interest, the CPU 38 judges whether the phase error φ is greater than a predetermined threshold value. If the result of judgement is positive, the CPU 38 determines that the designated phase shifter 21 needs correction and computes correcting data C. Assuming that the phase shifters 21 are each implemented as a 4-bit digital phase shifter, including a PIN diode, the CPU 38 determines that correction is necessary when the phase error φ is greater than �11.25�. The correction data C is computed by: ##EQU3## where INT means the absolute value, and the fractions are omitted. The computed correcting data C is delivered via the I/O port 39 together with an address representative of the phase shifter 12 of interest. The latch 41 associated with the designated phase shifter 12 detects the address and then, stores the correcting data C. In this manner, the CPU 38 completes a sequence of steps of calculating a phase error φ, computing correcting data C, and storing the data C in the latch 41 with a particular phase shifter 12. Thereafter, the CPU 38 sequentially repeats such a sequence with the other phase shifters 12 one after another.
In this embodiment, the accuracy with which the phase error φ of each phase shifter 12 can be calculated depends on the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of the detector 16 and operational amplifier 35. Assume a specific case wherein the feed amplitude distribution set up by the power divider 13 is the Taylor's distribution having a side lobe level of -30 dB and n of 5, sixty-two radiating elements 11 are provided, the transmitting power is 44 dBm, the feed loss is 6 dB, the antenna gain is 20 dB, the coupling ratio of the radiating elements 11 and the integral monitor manifold 15 is -45 dB, and the monitor loss is 3 dB. In such a case, the signal radiated from the radiating elements 11 located at the farthest sides is smallest in radiating power. To measure the phase of the smallest signal with accuracy of the order of 6� (1/4 bit of 4-bit digital phase shifter), averaging technique is necessary. Specifically, in the illustrative embodiment, the scalars V1 to V4 of the combined outputs are measured several times ten times (for example, eighty times), the measured scalars are averaged, and then Eq. (2) is solved with the resultant averaged scalars.
The operating timings for compensation in accordance with the present invention will be described in relation to a MLS elevation guiding system and with reference to FIG. 8. As represented by a timing TC1, MLS has a prescribed full-cycle timing whose period is 615 ms. In the full-cycle timing, two iterative sequences SEQ1 and SEQ2 appear four times each. A timing TC2 is indicative of the end of the full cycle. As represented by a timing TC3, the sequences SEQ1 and SEQ2 each has three transmission timings each having a duration of 5.6 ms. It follows that the actual transmitting time assigned to elevation guide is not more than 22% of the 615 ms full cycle, i.e., the remaining 78% is the suspension or pause time. While transmission timings for azimuth guide and the like are arranged in such a manner as not to overlap the pause time, the CPU 38 is capable of completing the previously stated arithmetic operations satisfactorily at least within the pause time.
As indicated by a timing TC4 in FIG. 8, a single transmission timing of 5.6 ms contains a preamble signal S1 including system identification (ID) information, an OCI (Out of Coverage Identification) signal S2, a TO-SCAN signal S3 for beam scanning, a FRO-SCAN signal S4 also adapted for beam scanning, and a monitoring-use signal S5. The monitoring-use signal S5 is the signal which is transmitted at the receiving angle determined by the integral monitor manifold 15 (FIG. 6) and which does not influence ordinary MLS operation. The interrupt timings for accessing the CPU 38 for compensation operation are predetermined in relation to the above operations as interrupt timings TC5, TC6 and TC7 by way of example. At the interrupt timing TC5, the CPU 38 designates one line associated with one phase shifter to be measured. At the interrupt timing TC6, the CPU 38 designates a particular amount of phase shift of the designated phase shifter 21, i.e., one of 0�, 90�, 180� and 270�. Further, at the interrupt timing TC7, the CPU 38 takes in data (V1, V2, V3 or V4) via the I/O port 37 after radiating the monitoring-use signal S5. Thereafter, the calculation of a phase error φ and the computation of correcting data C will be performed in the subsequent pause time.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart demonstrating the compensating operation procedure of the present invention. As shown, the procedure begins with a step ST1 of designating one line to be measured at the interrupt timing TC5. In this condition, the number of times that measurement is to be effected is set to zero (ST2). Then, the phase shifter 12 of interest is set to 0� phase at the interrupt timing TC6 (ST3). At the subsequent interrupt timing TC7, data V1 is taken in (ST4). At the next interrupt timing TC6, the phase of the designated phase shifter 12 is rotated by 90� (step ST5). Thereupon, whether or not the phase of the phase shifter 12 has been rotated by 360� , i.e., whether or not the data V1, V2, V3 and V4 have been read is judged (ST6). If the answer of the step ST6 is YES, the number of measurements is counted up (ST7). The steps described so far are repeated until the measurement has been performed eighty times. When the eightieth measurement has been completed as determined in a step ST8, a phase error φ is calculated in the subsequent pause time on the basis of the averaged data V1, V2, V3 and V4 and by using Eq. (2) (ST9). Then, whether or not the determined phase error φ is greater than a predetermined threshold value is determined (ST10). If the answer of the step ST10 is YES, correcting data C is computed by using Eq. (3) (ST11). This is followed by a step ST12 for outputting the correcting data C and the address data of the latch 41 associated with the designated phase shifter 12.
The compensation apparatus of the illustrative embodiment was incorporated in a MLS elevation guiding system to measure the stability thereof with respect to the angular accuracy. The measurement showed that the angle fluctuates only by the order of �1/100� at maximum. Hardly any change was observed in the beam width and side lobe level.
In summary, the present invention calculates the phase error of a high frequency signal radiated from each radiating element by simple processing, computes a correcting amount on the basis of the calculated phase error and adds the correcting amount to a phase control signal associated with the radiating element of interest. This is successful in maintaining the phase plane of a phased array antenna and, therefore, various characteristics of the antenna such as the beam shape, beam direction and side lobe level substantially constant at all times. Thus, the present invention realizes a phased array antenna having an excellent temperature characteristic.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 6, 1975
|Dec 21, 1976
|The Bendix Corporation
|Phased array antenna with coarse/fine electronic scanning for ultra-low beam granularity
|Jan 4, 1980
|Dec 29, 1981
|Raytheon Company
|Compensated phased array antenna
|Sep 7, 1982
|Aug 20, 1985
|Hazeltine Corporation
|Scanning antenna with automatic beam stabilization
|Mar 20, 1989
|May 15, 1990
|Allied-Signal Inc.
|FFT-based aperture monitor for scanning phased arrays
|Apr 30, 1986
|Dec 2, 1986
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
|Temperature and frequency compensated array beam steering unit
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 30, 1993
|Dec 19, 1995
|Alcatel Espace
|Active antenna near field calibration method
|Sep 5, 1997
|Apr 4, 2000
|Northern Telecom Limited
|Phase control of transmission antennas
|Nov 9, 2001
|Oct 29, 2002
|Harris Corporation
|Phased array antenna system having prioritized beam command and data transfer and related methods
|Nov 9, 2001
|Dec 17, 2002
|Harris Corporation
|Phased array antenna including a multi-mode element controller and related method
|Nov 9, 2001
|Feb 18, 2003
|Harris Corporation
|Phased array antenna having efficient compensation data distribution and related methods
|Nov 9, 2001
|Feb 18, 2003
|Harris Corporation
|Phased array antenna providing rapid beam shaping and related methods
|Nov 9, 2001
|Jun 3, 2003
|Harris Corporation
|Phased array antenna including element control device providing fault detection and related methods
|Nov 9, 2001
|Jun 3, 2003
|Harris Corporation
|Phased array antenna system utilizing highly efficient pipelined processing and related methods
|Nov 9, 2001
|Jul 1, 2003
|Harris Corporation
|Phased array antenna providing enhanced element controller data communication and related methods
|Nov 9, 2001
|Jul 15, 2003
|Harris Corporation
|Phased array antenna including an antenna module temperature sensor and related methods
|Nov 9, 2001
|Nov 11, 2003
|Harris Corporation
|Phased array antenna with controllable amplifier bias adjustment and related methods
|Nov 9, 2001
|Feb 10, 2004
|Harris Corporation
|Phased array antenna having reduced beam settling times and related methods
|Nov 9, 2001
|Nov 30, 2004
|Harris Corporation
|Temperature sensor and related methods
|Dec 22, 2003
|May 8, 2007
|Schneider Electric Industries Sas
|Laminated relays with multiple flexible contacts
|Sep 17, 2003
|Sep 11, 2007
|Schneider Electric Industries Sas
|Method for laminating electro-mechanical structures
|Aug 8, 2008
|Aug 3, 2010
|Raytheon Company
|Dynamically correcting the calibration of a phased array antenna system in real time to compensate for changes of array temperature
|Dec 8, 2011
|Nov 26, 2013
|Denso Corporation
|Phased array antenna and its phase calibration method
|Sep 17, 2003
|Sep 23, 2004
|Magfusion, Inc.
|Laminated electro-mechanical systems
|Dec 22, 2003
|Mar 17, 2005
|Magfusion, Inc.
|Laminated relays with multiple flexible contacts
|Dec 8, 2011
|Jun 14, 2012
|Denso Corporation
|Phased array antenna and its phase calibration method
|Aug 6, 2009
|Feb 11, 2010
|Raytheon Company
|Dynamically correcting the calibration of a phased array antenna system in real time to compensate for changes of array temperature
|U.S. Classification
|342/360, 342/371
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 11, 1990
Owner name: NEC CORPORATION, 7-1, SHIBA 5-CHOME, MINATO-KU, TO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KUWAHARA, YOSHIHIKO;REEL/FRAME:005440/0642
Effective date: 19900907
|May 25, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 1, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 20, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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|Search | About | Preferences | Interact | Help
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by Brin, David
Publisher:Bantam Books 1990-02-01
Gordon Krantz survived the Doomwar only to spend years crossing a post-apocalypse United States looking for something or someone he could believe in again. Ironically, when he's inadvertently forced to assume the made-up role of a "Restored United States" postal inspector, he becomes the very thing he's been seeking: a symbol of hope and rebirth for a desperate nation. Gordon goes through the motions of establishing a new postal route in the Pacific Northwest, uniting secluded towns and enclaves that are starved for communication with the rest of the world. And even though inside he feels like a fraud, eventually he will have to stand up for the new society he's helping to build or see it destroyed by fanatic survivalists. This classic reprint is not one of David Brin's best books, but the moving story he presents overcomes mediocre writing and contrived plots.
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The Improving the JJprise thread
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January 8 2012, 09:42 PM
Ian Keldon
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Re: The Improving the JJprise thread
publiusr wrote:
Madkoifish's whas the grey lady--I thought that was obvious due to the previous post. All of the designs are great. I've warmed to Ryan Churchs design more and more in that, at certain angles, it has more of the TOS look.
Ok...I wasn't sure because your reply got shunted to the next page. Thanks for clearing that up!
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about Todd FlowerdayA Roman Catholic lay person, married (since 1996), with one adopted child (since 2001). I serve a parish in music ministry.
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The Unanswered Question
From David Gibson at RNS, Reuters correspondent Phil Pullella to Vatican spokesperson Federico Lombardi SJ: The American cardinals did not leak anything in their briefings. The Italian cardinals did leak and are continuing to leak things outside the General Congregations. Does … Continue reading
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Hotel rooms hard to find
Construction of new hotel rooms should end shortage by next winter
Published: Wednesday, January 18, 2006 at 1:00 a.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, January 18, 2006 at 9:33 a.m.
Tourists won't come if they have trouble finding a place to stay, and back in 2003 and 2004, the region's hotel inventory was looking like a beach hit by a tropical storm.
In Manatee and Sarasota counties, the condominium conversion craze has taken 643 rooms -- a good 7 percent of the total -- since February 2003.
In Charlotte County, a real hurricane named Charley wiped out 44 percent of the inventory.
The loss of hotel rooms, seen in many Florida coastal communities, prompted a lot of hand-wringing among tourism promoters and the businesspeople who rely on a steady stream of visitors.
The winter tourism season begins again with a relatively small number of rooms and a growing number of visitors trying to book them, but hotel builders are filling the void as fast as they can.
Considering the number of hotel rooms under construction and on the drawing board, this could be the last winter for several years that anyone in Southwest Florida has to worry about the room count.
However, none of the new hotels will be on the beach, and that means short-term, affordable access to the water -- part of the Gulf Coast allure -- will remain a precious commodity.
But the sheer number of hotel rooms -- versus rental condos -- is important in several ways.
"In a tourism area, you need hotel rooms. It's pretty much a logical given," said Evelyn Fine, who provides tourism research to counties throughout Florida, including Manatee and Sarasota.
"The new visitor wants hotels and a wide variety of hotels."
Short-term stays mean more visitors, and those visitors spend more when they stay in hotels than condos, said Virginia Haley, executive director of the Sarasota Convention and Visitors Bureau.
"If you're staying in a condo with a full kitchen, you're eating out less often. You don't go out every night."
Hotel renaissance
The resurgence in hotel building began earlier in 2005 with the opening of a Homewood Suites. It was the first new hotel property to open in Sarasota County since the Ritz-Carlton in 2001.
Two new hotels are scheduled to open in Sarasota County in 2006. The first will be a La Quinta Inn with 55 rooms at Jacaranda Boulevard and Interstate 75 in Venice. The next will be Hotel Indigo, a 95-room boutique hotel at Boulevard of the Arts and U.S. 41 in Sarasota.
More are on the drawing board. Benderson Development is planning the first major hotel in downtown Sarasota since the Ritz. It will have 161 rooms at Main and Orange streets.
Two other developers, Florida Main Street LLC and Irish American Partners, are planning hotels, the former at 1740 Main St. with 49 rooms, the latter as part of the Quay redevelopment on U.S. 41 with 136 rooms.
The three downtown projects could add back 346 rooms.
More rooms could emerge from other projects that include the possibility of hotels, including the Benderson shopping center on University Parkway, the Yacht Center on North Tamiami Trail and a mixed-use project in Venice.
In Charlotte County, hotel builders are charting an even stronger comeback.
The number of hotel rooms dropped from 914 to 508 between August and September 2004, data from Smith Travel Research shows.
If all of the hotels on the drawing board are built, Charlotte County will have 1,238 rooms by the end of 2006, a level not seen since June 2000.
Hotel building is on the upswing, and this activity is just the start of it, said Patrick Ford, president of Lodging Econometrics in Portsmouth, N.H.
"I would not characterize this as a lot," he said. "It's on par."
Hotel openings in Sarasota appear to lag the growth statewide.
Lodging Econometrics predicts that the number of hotels opening in Florida this year will nearly double: 78 compared with 43 in 2005.
Hotels built at the start of a boom are generally smaller, 70 to 150 rooms and on the outskirts of cities.
It isn't unusual for a city the size of Sarasota to attract a new hotel downtown. "What would make downtown attractive in Sarasota is the fact it's a small town."
9/11 effect
New hotel rooms became scarce after the 9/11 terrorist attacks dealt a blow to the whole travel industry.
"It was pretty lean times for a while. You had to be very careful," said Ronald Kendall, president of Buffalo Lodging Associates, Benderson's hotel construction and operations division.
Travel is growing again, and hotels in top markets are enjoying high profits. Still, the pace of building across the country is very slow, said Jan Freitag of Smith Travel Research.
Historically, the number of new hotel rooms has grown by 2.3 percent per year. The pace of growth dropped to 0.4 percent in 2005, largely because of Hurricane Katrina. Smith Travel expects it to resume at 1.2 percent growth in 2006.
"It's very expensive to build right now," Freitag said. "Especially steel prices have made the construction of new hotel rooms somewhat unpredictable.
While their competitors were demolished or closed their doors, hotels in the Sarasota-Bradenton market saw occupancy and rates rise handsomely.
The occupancy rate for the year through November was 69.5 percent, a healthy number, Freitag said. Even when occupancy fell back during August and September, Smith Travel data shows that rates continued to rise.
"Obviously, there's money to be made there," Freitag said.
Local hotel builders say they wanted to be at the front of the next wave.
"The inventory was down. We knew it wasn't going to be down forever," said Joel Freedman, a Sarasota-based land consultant and minor partner in building Hotel Indigo.
Ravi Patel, a partner in the new La Quinta Inn & Suites, said he has heard talk of more hotels coming to the Jacaranda exit on I-75.
"There is not much competition, but it's coming."
The Interstate also is a hot spot in Charlotte County.
A La Quinta, a Sleep Inn and a hotel that is still without a brand name are all projected to open in 2006 at Kings Highway and I-75 in Port Charlotte, said Becky Bovell, director of the Charlotte County Visitors Bureau.
Charlotte County also is drawing its share of resort properties.
Harbor Pointe -- 86 rental condos -- will open in February at the Peace River Bridge. The Harbor Inn Resort and Yacht Club with 204 rooms is planned for downtown Punta Gorda.
Baby boomers -- like in a lot of other areas of the economy -- are driving the business, said Art Eckert, managing partner of S.S. Appel, a Sarasota-based developer that is starting a new chain of condo hotels.
"The people that are retiring, the baby boomers, don't have a two-week vacation anymore. They have a 52-week vacation."
Florida's population growth comes into play for hotels, as well as housing, Eckert said.
"Those people that come down here to settle will have visitors."
The new hotels are bigger than most of the mom-and-pop beachfront properties that have closed. Because they are downtown or near the highway, they cater to a mix of vacationers and business travelers.
S.S. Appel's new concept, Manorhouse International, will be a "condotel" that caters to business people during the week. The first two, each with 79 rooms, will be in Manatee County. One of them will be in an industrial park.
The typical guest at Hotel Indigo, a new brand by InterContinental Hotels Group, is a Starbucks-drinking, Mercedes-c230-driving professional, Freedman said.
Like any hotel at a major exit, the La Quinta in Venice will draw a mix of people passing through for business or leisure, Patel said.
Haley said she hopes that hotel will become part of a cluster of similar offerings to attract groups. For example, the La Quinta could see some business from equestrian events at Fox Lea Farm, she said.
Those visitors no longer have the Best Western on the waterfront in Venice, Haley said.
"They do make it down to the beach. Most people do. Then you plant the seed about coming back."
This story appeared in print on page A1
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text: religion 'We Grow Songs': Over The Rhine On Making Untamed Music By editor • Aug 29, 2013 Reza Aslan's "Zealot" Draws Controversy And Comedy By Kara McDermott & Lisa Brooks & the conversation with ross reynolds • Jul 29, 2013 KUOW Photo/Bond Huberman Listen Listening... / 20:29 The book "Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth" has been out for less than two weeks, but it's already created a firestorm for its author, religions scholar Reza Aslan. Pope Francis Discusses Gay Catholics: 'Who Am I To Judge?' By Bill Chappell • Jul 29, 2013 Gay people should be integrated into society instead of ostracized, Pope Francis told journalists after his weeklong trip to Brazil. Answering a question about reports of homosexuals in the clergy, the pope answered, "If someone is gay and he searches for the Lord and has good will, who am I to judge?" In what's being called an unusually broad and candid news conference, Francis took questions from reporters for more than an hour as he flew from Brazil to the Vatican; his plane landed Monday. Does Religion Cause Violence? By the conversation with ross reynolds • Jul 8, 2013 Flickr Photo/C. Jill Reed Listen Listening... / 16:38 Religious leaders often denounce violence. But radicals also use religion to rally support for violence. So does religion cause violence? And if so, is secularism the answer? Ross Reynolds talks it over with James Wellman, professor and chair of the religion program at University of Washington's Jackson School of International Studies and the author of "Belief and Bloodshed: Religion and Violence Across Time and Tradition," and Rachel Woodlock, author of "For God's Sake: An Atheist, A Jew, A Christian and A Muslim Debate Religion." Mortal Sins By the conversation with ross reynolds • Jun 28, 2013 Michael D'Antonio's book "Mortal Sins." Listen Listening... / 13:22 In the mid-1980s a dynamic young monsignor assigned to the Vatican's embassy in Washington set out to investigate the problem of sexually abusive priests. He found a scandal in the making, confirmed by secret files revealing complaints that had been hidden from police and covered up by the Church hierarchy. Meanwhile, a young lawyer listened to a new client describe an abusive sexual history with a priest that began when he was ten years old. The lawsuit he filed would touch off a legal war of historic and global proportions. Ross Reynolds talks with author Michael D'Antonio about his new book "Mortal Sins," which reveals this long and ferocious battle for the soul of the largest and oldest organization in the world. NW Churches Grapple With Boy Scouts' OK To Gay Members By Liz Jones • Jun 13, 2013 AP Photo/Tony Gutierrez Listen Listening... / 2:33 Since the Boy Scouts of America lifted its ban against gay youth members in May, a handful of churches around the Puget Sound area have decided to cut ties with the organization. Meanwhile, some churches have indicated they are awaiting guidance from national leadership before they make any changes to their existing charters with Scouting units. Seattle Public School's Special Ed Problem, The Interfaith Amigos, And Greendays Gardening By Weekday • Jun 4, 2013 Flickr Photo/University of Denver Listen Listening... / 53:52 State To Seattle Public Schools: Fix Problems In Special EdSeattle Public Schools receive $11 million per year from the federal government designated for special education. The district is now in a danger of losing that money if they don't fix a number of problems identified by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The mandate came down last week. Where is Seattle Public Schools' special ed program falling short? And what solutions are the state proposing? We'll get some answers this morning from education reporter Ann Dornfeld. The Interfaith Amigos On Religious Practices That Could Benefit The Non-ReligiousMany people in our region are religious, and many are not. The Interfaith Amigos share the teachings, meditations and practices from their religious traditions that would be a positive addition to all of our lives, even the non-religious. Greendays Gardening PanelOur gardening panel includes a flower expert, native plant expert and vegetable gardening expert. They answer your gardening questions every Tuesday. Ancient Ritual Kept Alive Through Northwest Trees By Sarah Waller • May 31, 2013 Courtesy of David Bolnick Listen Listening... / 5:09 There are about 1,000 trees in the Northwest that share something in common. You'd never guess what it is just by looking at them. Some are tiny fruit trees. Others are towering cedars. But, under the soil, they're connected to the same ancient ritual. The Promise And Perils Of Interfaith Marriage By Rachel Solomon • May 16, 2013 Listen Listening... / 54:22 She wanted their daughter to get a nice Catholic education. He wanted to send her to learn about Scientology on a cruise ship. Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise are a very public example of interfaith marriage, but they represent some trends Naomi Schaefer Riley discusses in her new book, "'Til Faith Do Us Part: How Interfaith Marriage is Transforming America." Most notably, 45 percent of marriages in the United States are between people of different religions — and these unions can often lead to unhappiness. By conducting interviews with married (and divorced) couples, Riley explores why interfaith couples tend to be less happy than others and why certain combinations are more likely to lead to failed marriages. She spoke at Seattle's Town Hall on April 10, 2013. Kenneth Bae Convicted For Christian Mission To North Korea By Phyllis Fletcher & Lisa Brooks • May 10, 2013 AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon North Korea said through its government news agency Friday that Kenneth Bae of Lynnwood, Wash., used his tour company as a front to bring a Christian mission within its borders. Bae was arrested in North Korea in November 2012 and was sentenced last week to 15 years of hard labor on charges of subverting the North Korean government. Washington Exemption For Faith-Based Employers Challenged By Ruby de Luna • May 9, 2013 Listen Listening... / 2:34 The State Supreme Court today heard arguments in a case that could decide whether faith-based employers in Washington have some exemption from the state's anti-discrimination law. The Role Of Doubt In Faith, And Greendays Gardening Advice By Weekday • May 7, 2013 Flickr Photo/University of Denver Listen Listening... / 55:52 The Interfaith Amigos On The Role Of Doubt In FaithDoubt is often part of religion. People often question the who, what, why and how of faith. The Interfaith Amigos share their thoughts and the personal doubts they've experienced. Greendays Gardening PanelOur gardening panel includes a flower expert, native plant expert, and vegetable gardening expert. They answer your gardening questions every Tuesday. Theologian Jim Wallis: Restore Faith In The Common Good By Weekday with Steve Scher • Apr 16, 2013 Courtesy/Brazos Press Listen Listening... / 55:52 Progressive theologian Jim Wallis thinks America needs to reacquaint itself with the notion of the "the common good." He says that means protecting the poor, fostering civil discourse, building economic trust and faith in democracy and working together to create healthier families and lifestyles. He writes: "People were made for family, community, and human flourishing, not consumerism, materialism, addiction, and empty overwork." Jim Wallis is editor-in-chief of Sojourners magazine. He joins us to discuss his latest book, "On God's Side: What Religion Forgets and Politics Hasn't Learned about Serving the Common Good." The Extraordinary History Of Scientology By Producer • Apr 5, 2013 Listen Listening... / 20:31 In 1950 L. Ron Hubbard published "Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health" and 3 years later he founded the first church of Scientology. Ross Reynolds talks with Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter Lawrence Wright about his detailed history of Scientology, "Going Clear." Howard Bloom On How A Godless Cosmos Creates By Producer • Mar 28, 2013 Photo Courtesy/Wikipedia Listen Listening... / 55:52 How does the universe create itself out of nothing, then keep going for billions of remarkable, evolving millennia? Can you even have "nothing," or do you have to bring God into the equation? These are the kinds of questions that arise when you're trying to explain the origin of life in the universe. Questions that Howard Bloom — science prodigy, former PR man for Prince, friend of Buzz Aldrin — tackles in his new book, "The God Problem." Pages« first ‹ previous … 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 next › last »


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In praise of … Blackburn with DarwenEditorial: With a high youth population, the towns' comprehensive children's centres helped inspire Sure Start
George Osborne: A lonely figureEditorial: Far from things getting better for the economy, under Osborne they are getting steadily worse
Ratko Mladic: An old man faces justice
Editorial: Belgrade has sent a clear message that it intends to turn the page and start rebuilding the country and the region
Corrections and clarificationsJenny Abramsky and John Humphrys | Terrorism Act 2000 schedule 7 | Franz Olivier Giesbert
Country diary: South Uist
Editorials & reply p44
Abortion debate and Life's role in it
Tons and tonnesLetters: He would most likely have said "tons and tons". We may be two great nations divided by a common language, but surely not in this expression?
We need a Beveridge to handle the huge growth in centenariansLetters: Using older people's wealth, for example through a care duty on estates, would be a fairer way of paying for better care for our ageing population today and tomorrow
Kitchen cabinetsLetters: Unfortunately, having the right kind of kitchen does not seem to have advanced my husband's political career at the same speed as Dave's, but I am very hopeful that we are on the right track
Scientists could use FoI law safeguardsLetter: It was the misguided attempt to deny ammunition to critics that led to the Climategate fiasco
There's no Chinese 'shadow party structure' inside our companyResponse: To suggest telecoms giant Huawei gets special favours from its government is false, says Tim Watkins
Broken promises on aid for AfricaLetters: Several G8 members are seriously off track and many donors, including the UK, are increasingly focusing resources on migration, security and commercial interests


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'The Grand Domestic Revolution—User's Manual' (GDR) investigates the domestic space and its (changing) use through a variety of methods and disciplines, traversing the fields of art, design, architecture, urban planning, activism and theory. A number of artists and other practitioners contribute to this endeavour. Residents from 2009-2011 include Sepake Angiama, Paul Elliman, and Doris Denekamp who utilized neighbourhood and online research to create prototypes and interventions around the theme of (Green) Cooperativsm. Wietske Maas and Travis Meinolf experimented with Home Production; while 'interor' infrastuctural interventions for the furniture, library and hallways were created by ifau & Jesko Fezer, Mirjam Thomann and Graziela Kunsch. Current themes and residents from February–October 2011 include Kyohei Sakaguchi and Kateřina Šedá who will each investigate forms of usership in architectures; home and housing rights with Maria Pask and Nazima Kadir; the question of invisible and domestic labour taken up by Werker Magazine; Agency will continue its deliberations on copyright issues of domestic THINGS (gardens and textiles); and keywords in relations to food service work will be workshopped with Xu Tan. Parallel to this, the Read-in activity continues. Initiated by artist Annette Krauss and theatre maker, Read-in is an open reading group inhabiting a different neighbour's home for every session.
The GDR library constitutes the backbone of our ongoing 'living research' and thus grows over time. The library offers points of engagement with the project and consists of different research materials such as books, articles, images and DVDs (artist's video, films) that are available for viewing when visiting the apartment. The first installment was done by the GDR team and was later adapted by Sao Paulo-based artist Graziela Kunsch who suggested that the GDR team create thematic selections.
'The Grand Domestic Revolution-User's Manual' is a long-term project developed as Casco's contribution to 'Utrecht Manifest: Biennial for Social Design'. The project deals with the evolutionary and collaborative process of "living" research in the contemporary domestic and private sphere – particularly in relation to the spatial imagining (or the built environment). It aims at re-articulating while exercising the notions of the social, the public and, eventually, the commons.
TOWN MEETINGS has its genealogy in past regular GDR events from 2009–2010. These include Home Cinema, where the screening of films that touch upon different aspects of domesticity, neighbourhood organisation, urban planning and alternative politics, take place; Thursday Night Supper, occasions for cooking, eating and discussion with various guests, and the midterm manifestation GDR GOES ON which consisted of a series of events over four days in domestic, private, and public spaces in Utrecht.
Since August 2010, the GDR team have undertaken research in order to connect with the local neighbourhood on questions relating to peoples' social conditions and material environments. Questionnaires, interviews, and conversations are the methods used to explore the themes and problems addressed in GDR, such as self-organised governance, co-operative living, and spatial organisation in and from the domestic sphere.
Plant Manual: A small and beautiful new manual just arrived at the GDR apartment.
GDR plant manual
Made by the team of interns at Casco: Constança Saraiva, Elsa-Louise Manceaux and Sumire Kobayashi, the Plants Manual aims to be an important tool for all the residents of the house, this manual will help to sensitize the residents to the living inhabitants in the balcony that are often forgotten: the plants.
Making the manual
The booklet contains basic plant care instructions and a profile of each plant and seed available at the apartment. Each plant profile has information about sowing, growing, flowering and harvesting, a small history about the origin of the plant and perhaps more importantly, its medicinal and culinary use.
Sumire, Elsa and Constanca
In each profile, residents are invited to contribute their knowledge about the plant, to improve and accumulate tips from plant grooming to recipes. This manual format also invites one to include new profiles as plants sprout in the apartment garden.
These plants were firstly part of the project Centre for Cooperative Living in April of 2010 and are nurtured through in MEAL MACHINE, ongoing project by Doris Denekamp and Arend Groosman.
We hope you will enjoy it!
4 January 2011, 18.07 — posted by Casco
Cup of tea no. #4 Floris Brekelmans, city ecologist
Perhaps cute cartoon rabbits are not so innocent after all.
Unlikely supply of 'morphine' on Nijntje square.
Well, we almost had a cup of tea if it weren't for the sudden idea to cycle through inner city public spaces of Utrecht past some of the most wicked plant substances unbeknownst to the untrained passer-by.
Floris Brekelmans is urban ecologist and knows the vegetative and animal life of the city like the back of his hand. His research has focused on, but not limited to bats, grasshoppers, dragonflies, and the terrestrial ecology of the city and beyond. Floris lives in the neighbourhood. He stopped by the Grand Domestic Revolution and almost as soon as he had we got on our bicycles with Floris leading the way to show some of the special plant species that do well in Utrecht.
Nijntje Pleintje, down the street from GDR
We sniffed plants that smelled intensely of honey (yellow honey clover) to plants that smell on first whiff like coca-cola to the less appreciable smell of old goat-socks (sorry, I've forgotten their names already); to the opium poppies growing abundantly on Nijntje plein (the Dick Bruna Rabbit) and a prolific belladonna plant growing in an alleyway. Floris tells many things about the intelligence and spontaneous life of plants, the way plants cleverly manage to spread themselves beyond the borders of a cultivated garden or dropped from above in a fertile package of bird poo.
Somniferum sap (latex)
Floris will share some of his expertise on a medicinal plant tour of the Bemuurde weerd neighbourhood next Saturday 3 July. More will be posted about times and details of tour very soon.
Atropa belladonna flower. The highly toxic plant said to have been mixed with opium by witches to induce (visions of) flight


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WATCH: The Rebecca Black Of Hippies?
Posted 09.22.2011 | Comedy
Read More: Puff Puff Give Song, Video, Songs, Bad Music Videos, Marijuana, Puff Puff Give, Urlesque, Singing, Music Videos, Music, Hippies, Hannah's Field, Bad Songs, Comedy News
Hannah's Field is a "gypsy reggae duo" from Portland, Oregon that consists of vocalist HannaH and her sidekick, Bongo Bliss. According to the grou...


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Welcome to InterPlay!
Join the first-ever International Day of InterPlay on October 24, 2015. Click Here to Learn More!
Check out fun classes near you...
"Untensive" Retreats & Workshops
Featured Events at InterPlayce
Featured Events Worldwide
- Dive deep! Integrate the helpful tools and practices of InterPlay into all aspects of your life. Life Practice Programs beginning soon in Seattle, Durham, Minneapolis, Bethlehem, Washington, DC.
- Millennial InterPlayers Rehana Tejpar and Agnotti Cowi led a millennial weekend event in Toronto in March. Read more about what happened!
- Check out the video introduction to InterPlay


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Bill Ackman Hates The Hell Out Of Herbalife Because God Damnit He Loves America
Yesterday afternoon, hedge fund manager Bill Ackman made a bold statement. A presentation delivered live […]
Phil Goldstein Accepts His Birthright
He's not saying he plans a huge Bulldog Investors billboard on the Mass. Pike, big […]
High-Frequency Monitoring: A Short-Sighted Behavior
The more frequently you monitor your portfolio, the more likely you are to observe a loss.
This is likely to cause short-sighted decisions and could hurt your investment performance.
If you are checking your portfolio more than once per quarter, you're doing it too much.
Click to read more.
Dan Egan, Betterment Director of Behavioral Finance and Investing
Stephen Schwarzman Tired Of Introducing America As His Son The Sausage Link
You'd think someone would've gotten the hint by now.
Jamie Dimon Has A Bedtime Story For America
Confidence is like a secret sauce. It is hard to measure…so here's what I would […]
Jamie Dimon Still Lives In America
Feisty earnings call from JPMorgan after strong earnings, with surprisingly good performance in fixed income […]
Ken Langone's Rallying Cry: Charity, America, Freedom
Ken Langone just gave a speech at this year's Ira Sohn conference on why the […]
Jamie Dimon: "America Will Get Its Mojo Back"
"Sooner rather than later I hope," James told Maria Bartiromo. Also! Credit where credit is […]


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Wanted. 48cm full bike. What have you got?
by alexpalacefan August 15, 2012
Previous Forum topic
Next Forum topic
Hello there,
long-time mountain biker looking to try road riding.
I'm after a 48cm framed full bike, a more relaxed audax type geometry would suit me better.
Older with nicer parts preferable to newer.
Anybody got anything?
Thanks for looking


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Hotel Penzance4
Britons Hill, Penzance, TR18 3AE
Price FromView Rooms
- Very Good
- 13 guest reviews
"Very comfortable, ideally situated for the town with great view over the harbour..."
"A lovely hotel which was an ideal location to visit the local area. The bus and train station were within walking distance of the hotel. The..."
"I had travelled from Plymouth where I stayed in Ssltash the evening before in an ok apartment clean but basic. My first ever trip to Penzanc..."
"Hi all ... Firstly I would highly recommend this hotel... Staff were very helpful and nothing was to much trouble .... We will be using the..."
"Really nice hotel that does the job for a leisure traveller but not so a business one. Charging a 2.5% surchage for payments by AMEX is so p..."
About the hotel
Over-looking Mounts Bay and St Michael's Mount, The 4* Townhouse Hotel Penzance is a welcoming base from which to explore West Cornwall. Excellent customer-focused service comes as standard; 25 stylish bed-rooms, many with sea-views, and all with high-quality en-suite facilities; Comfortable guest lounges have sofas to sink in and complementary afternoon tea. A Mediterranean style garden, and in the summer a small heated outdoor pool with sun loungers invites relaxing sunny afternoons.
Sister restaurant The Bay offers an All Day Dining menu, with award-winning Modern British cuisine in the evening . Also licensed for marriages and civil partnerships. Just a 10-minute walk from Penzance Harbour, Hotel Penzance is 500 metres from Penzance Railway Station. There is free on-site parking, and Eastern Green Beach is a 15-minute walk away.
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Hotel Penzance
A lovely hotel which was an ideal location to visit the local area.
The bus and train station were within walking distance of the hotel. The staff were very knowledgable of the local area and gave us lots of local maps and places to visit. The hotel had a lovely sea view overlooking the harbour and town in the distance.
Breakfast and afternoon tea were both lovely, however the evening menu was too extravagant and expensive for our taste. We walked into town and ate locally which offered more variety and was more reasonably priced. Overall a lovely three day break and would recommend to anyone.
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WEST SACRAMENTO, Calif. – The California State Teachers' Retirement System's Corporate Governance staff wrapped up this year's proxy season where the dominant governance issue was proxy access. Proxy access made up more than 28 percent of the governance proposals compared to 6 percent in 2013–14.
WEST SACRAMENTO, Calif. – The California State Teachers' Retirement System today announced its involvement with the Energy Productivity Index for Companies, a new project that will establish the first global energy productivity benchmark for listed industrial companies. The project was officially launched today in New York.
CalSTRS is the nation's second largest public pension fund with assets totaling approximately $184 billion as of August 31, 2015. The investment portfolio is broadly diversified into six asset categories.
Long-Term Patient Capital—buying long-term net cash flows and capital gain potential at a reasonable price.
Mr. Ailman is the chief investment officer of CalSTRS, the world's largest educator-only pension fund, where he oversees an investment portfolio valued at approximately $184 billion as of August 31, 2015.
Disclosure Form 600-H is required by entities/firms and all key persons seeking to do or doing business with CalSTRS. Disclosure Form 600-J is required to be filed for any entity/firm entering into any investment transaction or investment management contract.
Electronic privacy is crucial for the ongoing success of the Internet as a convenient means to provide customer service. Your personal information will be used only to conduct CalSTRS-related business.
The California State Teachers' Retirement System website has been developed in compliance with California Government Code §11135, which requires that all electronic and information technology developed or purchased by the State of California is accessible to people with disabilities. There are various types of physical disabilities that impact user interaction on the web. Vision loss, hearing loss, limited manual dexterity, and cognitive disabilities are examples, with each having different means by which to access electronic information effectively.
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Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules
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Watch Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules Online
Release:March 25, 2011
RunTime:1 hr 36 min
IMDB Rating:6.6/10 (13655 votes)
Director:John McDougallActors:Nicole Alexander, Lil' Boosie, Barry D. Hunter, Tyrin Turner, Webbie(View All)
Description: Watch Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules full movie online for free directed by David Bowers produced in 2011. Genres are Comedy.
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Preparations for the Defend our Coast sit-in at the BC legislature in Victoria to protest tar sands pipelines, tankers, and the threats they pose to the west coast.
© Greenpeace/ Keri Coles
The Cree Nation of Waswanipi is fighting to protect its ancestral land from logging. The Broadback Valley, located close to James Bay in northern Quebec, Canada is at heart of these lands and is one of the last intact forests in the region.
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The euro reversed earlier losses to trade sharply higher on Friday after the September jobs report widely missed expectations.» Read More
The euro hit a year-low against the dollar on Monday, as investors added to bets against the single currency before a policy meeting this week.
The dollar rose on Friday, with traders looking beyond soft U.S. consumer-spending data.
Better-than-expected U.S. growth data lifted the dollar on Thursday as the euro fell amid worries about tensions between Ukraine and Russia.
The euro turned higher in choppy trading Wednesday as traders reacted to headlines that the ECB is unlikely to take new action early next week.
Use of the Chinese yuan in Germany and the U.K. has doubled over the last year, as London and Frankfurt fight to become trading hubs.
The dollar softened on Tuesday while the euro further struggled on expectations of soft inflation data and more monetary easing.
The euro fell to its lowest in nearly a year against a broadly firmer dollar on Monday after comments from the head of the European Central Bank.
Yellen's speech cited persistent labor market slack but noted faster recovery in the sector could accelerate the timing of a Fed interest rate hike.
Central bankers gathered for a three-day meeting in Wyoming that will feature a potentially market-rattling speech by Fed Chair Janet Yellen.
The euro recovered from a 11-month low against the dollar, helped by better-than-expected German private sector growth data.
U.S. housing starts surged past expectations in July, snapping two straight months of declines.
Despite a slew of measures aimed at damping runaway Hong Kong home prices, some market segments are heating up again, possibly spurring further curbs.
The US dollar rose against a basket of major currencies on Monday on reduced concerns over Russia and Ukraine and positive US housing data.
The dollar failed to get a safe-haven boost despite news that the Ukraine-Russia conflict had entered a potentially dangerous phase.
A robust U.S. 30-year bond auction supported Treasuries prices in general and weighed on yields, which has underpinned the greenback, analysts said.
The British pound also falls on inflation, wages data, and the yen is subdued after Japan's Q2 GDP contraction.
The euro fell towards 9-month lows against the dollar on Tuesday, as investors positioned for a weak German sentiment survey.
The Norwegian crown hit a seven-week high against the euro after Norway reported consumer inflation unexpectedly jumped in July.
The euro gained against the dollar and sterling, and investors flocked to the Swiss Franc and yen as Obama approved air strikes in Iraq.
The yen came under pressure from Japan's plans to increase its pension allocation to the domestic stock market.