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Publications (68)399.09 Total impact
Article: Dysregulated Osteoclastogenesis Is Related to Natural Killer T Cell Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate the role played by NKT cells in osteoclastogenesis and their effects on inflammatory bone destruction. Patients with RA (n=25) and healthy controls (n=12) were enrolled in this study. In vitro osteoclastogenesis experiments were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). PBMCs were cultured in vitro with α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), and proliferation indices of NKT cells were estimated by flow cytometry. In vivo effects of αGalCer-stimulated NKT cells on inflammation and bone destruction were determined in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. In vitro osteoclastogenesis was found to be significantly inhibited by αGalCer in healthy controls, but not in RA patients. Proliferative responses of NKT cells and STAT-1 phosphorylation in monocytes in response to αGalCer were impaired in RA patients. Notably, αGalCer-stimulated NKT cells inhibited osteoclastogenesis mainly via interferon-γ production, in a cytokine-dependent manner (not by cell-cell contact), and down-regulated osteoclast-associated genes. αGalCer-treated mice showed less severe arthritis and reduced bone destruction. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokine expression in arthritic joints was found to be reduced by αGalCer treatment. This study primarily demonstrates that αGalCer-stimulated NKT cells have a regulatory effect on osteoclastogenesis and a protective effect on inflammatory bone destruction. However, it also shows that these effects of αGalCer are diminished in RA patients, and that this is related to NKT cell dysfunction. These findings provide important information for those searching for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent bone destruction in RA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2015, American College of Rheumatology.Arthritis and Rheumatology 06/2015; 67(10). DOI:10.1002/art.39244
Article: NK cell function triggered by multiple activating receptors is negatively regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3β[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Activation of NK cells is triggered by combined signals from multiple activating receptors that belong to different families. Several NK cell activating receptors have been identified, but their role in the regulation of effector functions is primarily understood in the context of their individual engagement. Therefore, little is known about the signaling pathways broadly implicated by the multiple NK cell activation cues. Here we provide evidence pointing to glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β as a negative regulator of multiple NK cell activating signals. Using an activation model that combines NKG2D and 2B4 and tests different signaling molecules, we found that GSK-3 undergoes inhibitory phosphorylation at regulatory serine residues by the engagement of NKG2D and 2B4, either individually or in combination. The extent of such phosphorylation was closely correlated with the degree of NK cell activation. NK cell functions, such as cytokine production and cytotoxicity, were consistently enhanced by the knockdown of GSK-3β or its inhibition with different pharmacological inhibitors, whereas inhibition of the GSK-3α isoform had no effect. In addition, NK cell function was augmented by the overexpression of a catalytically inactive form of GSK-3β. Importantly, the regulation of NK cell function by GSK-3β was common to diverse activating receptors that signal through both ITAM and non-ITAM pathways. Thus, our results suggest that GSK-3β negatively regulates NK cell activation and that modulation of GSK-3β function could be used to enhance NK cell activation. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.Cellular Signalling 05/2015; 27(9). DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.012 · 4.32 Impact Factor
Article: Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are numerically and functionally deficient in patients with Mycobacterial infection and reflect disease activity[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells contribute to protection against certain microorganism infections. The aims of this study were to examine the levels of MAIT cells in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease patients, to evaluate the clinical relevance of MAIT cell levels, and to investigate the functions of MAIT cells. Patients with pulmonary TB (n = 35), NTM (n = 29), and healthy controls (n = 75) were enrolled in the study. MAIT cell levels and functions were measured by flow cytometry. Circluating MAIT cell levels were found to be reduced in TB and NTM patients. MAIT cell deficiency reflects a variety of clinical conditions. In particular, MAIT cell numbers were significantly correlated with sputum AFB positivity, extent of disease, hemoglobin levels, lymphocyte counts, CRP and ESR levels. MAIT cells in TB patients failed to produce interferon-γ irrespective of the mode of stimulation, whereas NTM patients displayed a defect in MR1-dependent signaling pathway. Notably, an elevated expression of programmed death-1 was also associated with MAIT cell deficiency in TB. This study shows that MAIT cells are numerically and functionally deficient in TB and NTM patients and these deficiencies could contribute to immune system dysreguation in mycobacterial infection. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) 03/2015; 161(3). DOI:10.1016/j.tube.2015.03.004 · 2.71 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 2 (Mst2) plays a central role in the Hippo pathway, controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during development. However, the roles of Mst2 in osteoclast and osteoblast development are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mice deficient in Mst2 exhibit osteoporotic phenotypes with increased numbers of osteoclasts and decreased numbers of osteoblasts as shown by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histomorphometric analyses. Osteoclast precursors lacking Mst2 exhibit increased osteoclastogenesis and Nfatc1, Acp5, and Oscar expression in response to RANKL exposure. Conversely, Mst2 overexpression in osteoclast precursors leads to the inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Osteoblast precursors deficient in Mst2 exhibit attenuated osteoblast differentiation and function by downregulating the expression of Runx2, Alpl, Ibsp, and Bglap. Conversely, ectopic expression of Mst2 in osteoblast precursors increases osteoblastogenesis. Finally, we demonstrate that the NF-κB pathway is activated by Mst2 deficiency during osteoclast and osteoblast development. Our findings suggest that Mst2 is involved in bone homeostasis, functioning as a reciprocal regulator of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation through the NF-κB pathway. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Journal of bone and mineral research: the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 03/2015; 30(9). DOI:10.1002/jbmr.2503 · 6.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Osteoclasts are unique cells responsible for the resorption of bone matrix. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of a wide range of physiological processes. Here, we examined the role of miR-26a in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. The expression of miR-26a was upregulated by RANKL at the late stage of osteoclastogenesis. Ectopic expression of an miR-26a mimic in osteoclast precursor cells attenuated osteoclast formation, actin-ring formation, and bone resorption by suppressing the expression of connective tissue growth factor/CCN family 2 (CTGF/CCN2), which can promote osteoclast formation via upregulation of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). On the other hand, overexpression of miR-26a inhibitor enhanced RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and function as well as CTGF expression. In addition, the inhibitory effect of miR-26a on osteoclast formation and function was prevented by treatment with recombinant CTGF. Collectively, our results suggest that miR-26a modulates osteoclast formation and function through the regulation of CTGF.Molecules and Cells 12/2014; DOI:10.14348/molcells.2015.2241 · 2.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Osteoclasts are unique cells that degrade the bone matrix. These large multinucleated cells differentiate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage upon stimulation by two essential cytokines, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). Activation of transcription factors such as microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF), c-Fos, NF-κB, and nuclear factor-activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) is required for sufficient osteoclast differentiation. In particular, NFATc1 plays the role of a master transcription regulator of osteoclast differentiation. To date, several mechanisms, including transcription, methylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and non-coding RNAs, have been shown to regulate expression and activation of NFATc1. In this review, we have summarized the various mechanisms that control NFATc1 regulation during osteoclast differentiation.11/2014; 21(4):233-41. DOI:10.11005/jbm.2014.21.4.233
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ABSTRACT: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells contribute to protection against certain microorganism infections and play an important role in mucosal immunity. However, the role of MAIT cells remains enigmatic in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we examined the level and function of MAIT cells in patients with rheumatic diseases. MAIT cell, cytokine, and programmed death-1 (PD-1) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis patients. In particular, this MAIT cell deficiency was more prominent in CD8(+) and double-negative T cell subsets, and significantly correlated with disease activity, such as SLE disease activity index and 28-joint disease activity score. Interestingly, MAIT cell frequency was significantly correlated with NKT cell frequency in SLE patients. IFN-γ production in MAIT cells was impaired in SLE patients, which was due to an intrinsic defect in the Ca(2+)/calcineurin/NFAT1 signaling pathway. In SLE patients, MAIT cells were poorly activated by α-galactosylceramide-stimulated NKT cells, thereby showing the dysfunction between MAIT cells and NKT cells. Notably, an elevated expression of PD-1 in MAIT cells and NKT cells was associated with SLE. In rheumatoid arthritis patients, MAIT cell levels were significantly higher in synovial fluid than in peripheral blood. Our study primarily demonstrates that MAIT cells are numerically and functionally deficient in SLE. In addition, we report a novel finding that this MAIT cell deficiency is associated with NKT cell deficiency and elevated PD-1 expression. These abnormalities possibly contribute to dysregulated mucosal immunity in SLE.The Journal of Immunology 09/2014; 193(8). DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1302701 · 4.92 Impact Factor
Article: Kruppel-like factor 4 attenuates osteoblast formation, function, and cross talk with osteoclasts[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Osteoblasts not only control bone formation but also support osteoclast differentiation. Here we show the involvement of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in the differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. KLF4 was down-regulated by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in osteoblasts. Overexpression of KLF4 in osteoblasts attenuated 1,25(OH)2D3-induced osteoclast differentiation in co-culture of mouse bone marrow cells and osteoblasts through the down-regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) expression. Direct binding of KLF4 to the RANKL promoter repressed 1,25(OH)2D3-induced RANKL expression by preventing vitamin D receptor from binding to the RANKL promoter region. In contrast, ectopic overexpression of KLF4 in osteoblasts attenuated osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. KLF4 interacted directly with Runx2 and inhibited the expression of its target genes. Moreover, mice with conditional knockout of KLF4 in osteoblasts showed markedly increased bone mass caused by enhanced bone formation despite increased osteoclast activity. Thus, our data suggest that KLF4 controls bone homeostasis by negatively regulating both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation.The Journal of Cell Biology 03/2014; 204(6). DOI:10.1083/jcb.201308102 · 9.83 Impact Factor
Article: Functional deficiency of natural killer cells in acute coronary syndrome is related to ineffective degranulationInternational journal of cardiology 01/2014; 172(3). DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.083 · 4.04 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Osteoblasts are specialized mesenchymal cells that are responsible for bone formation. In this study, we examine the role of GATA4 in osteoblast differentiation. GATA4 was abundantly expressed in preosteoblast cells and gradually down-regulated during osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of GATA4 in osteoblastic cells inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity and nodule formation in osteogenic conditioned cell culture system. In addition, overexpression of GATA4 attenuated expression of osteogenic marker genes, including Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin, all of which are important for osteoblast differentiation and function. Overexpression of GATA4 attenuated Runx2 promoter activity, whereas silencing of GATA4 increased Runx2 induction. We found that GATA4 interacted with Dlx5 and subsequently decreased Dlx5 binding activity to Runx2 promoter region. Our data suggest that GATA4 acts as a negative regulator in osteoblast differentiation by downregulation of Runx2.BMB reports 12/2013; 47(8). DOI:10.5483/BMBRep.2014.47.8.225 · 2.60 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding 21–23 nucleotide RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation. They control various cellular processes, one of which is tumorigenesis. miRNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer. To find yet-to-be-identified miRNAs associated with HCC tumorigenesis, we resected HCC and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues from patients and excluded liver tissues harboring fibrosis from further analysis. We then carried out miRNA microarray analysis with miRNAs extracted from the tissues. Sixteen miRNAs displayed a significant change in expression levels between non-tumor and HCC liver tissues. To validate the microarray findings, we transfected HEK293 cells with miR-128 alone or miR-128 and plasmid encoding luciferase fused to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of E2F3, a predicted target of miR-128. As expected, miR-128 downregulated luciferase activities of E2F3 3′UTR fused to luciferase, confirming that E2F3 is a target gene of miR-128. Identification of miRNAs dysregulated in non-cirrhotic HCC will further the understanding of the pathogenesis of non-cirrhotic HCC.Genes & genomics 12/2013; 35(6). DOI:10.1007/s13258-013-0126-0 · 0.60 Impact Factor
Article: Lee OJ, Cho Y-N, Kee S-J, et al. Circulating mucosal-associated invariant T cell levels and their cytokine levels in healthy adults[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been reported to play an antimicrobial role in infectious diseases. However, little is known about age- and gender-related changes in circulating MAIT cell level and function in healthy population. The purposes of this study were to examine the level and cytokine production of circulating MAIT cells and their subsets in healthy adults and to investigate potential relationships between clinical parameters and MAIT cell levels or their subset levels. One hundred thirty-three healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. MAIT cells, their subset, and cytokine levels were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT cell levels were found to vary widely (0.19% to 21.7%) in the study subjects and to be significantly lower in elderly subjects (age, 61-92years) than in young subjects (age, 21-40years) (p<0.0005). No significant difference was found in the circulating MAIT cell levels between male and female subjects. A linear regression analysis revealed that circulating MAIT cell levels declined annually by 3.2% among men and 1.8% among women, respectively. Notably, the proportion of CD4+ MAIT cells increased with age, whereas that of CD8+ MAIT cells decreased with age. In addition, the production of interleukin (IL)-4 by MAIT cells was found to be significantly increased in elderly subjects and the ratio of interferon (IFN)-γ/IL-4 was lower as compared with young subjects, showing a Th1 to Th2 shift in cytokine profile in elderly subjects. Our data suggest that aging is associated with a reduction in circulating MAIT cells, accompanied with alterations in subset composition and cytokine profile.Experimental gerontology 11/2013; 49(1). DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.003 · 3.49 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: RANKL induces the formation of osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption. Herein, we investigated the role of SWAP-70-like adapter of T cells (SLAT) in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Expression levels of SLAT were reduced during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Overexpression of SLAT in BMMs inhibited TRAP-positive multinuclear osteoclast formation and attenuated the expression of NFATc1, which is an important modulator in osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, silencing of SLAT by RNA interference enhanced osteoclast formation as well as NFATc1 expression. In addition, SLAT was involved in RANKL-induced JNK activation in osteoclasts. Taken together, our data suggest that SLAT acts as a negative modulator of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.Molecules and Cells 08/2013; DOI:10.1007/s10059-013-0159-x · 2.09 Impact Factor
Article: Natural Killer T Cell Deficiency in Active Adult-Onset Still's Disease Correlation of Deficiency of Natural Killer T Cells With Dysfunction of Natural Killer Cells[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To examine the levels and functions of natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, investigate relationships between NK and NKT cells, and determine the clinical relevance of NKT cell levels in patients with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). Patients with active untreated AOSD (n = 20) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 20) were studied. NK and NKT cell levels were measured by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in vitro with α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer). NK cytotoxicity against K562 cells and proliferation indices of NKT cells were estimated by flow cytometry. Percentages and absolute numbers of NKT cells were significantly lower in the peripheral blood of AOSD patients than in that of healthy controls. Proliferative responses of NKT cells to αGalCer were also lower in patients, and this was found to be due to proinflammatory cytokines and NKT cell apoptosis. In addition, NK cytotoxicity was found to be significantly lower in patients than in healthy controls, but NK cell levels were comparable in the 2 groups. Notably, this NKT cell deficiency was found to be correlated with NK cell dysfunction and to reflect active disease status. Furthermore, αGalCer-mediated NK cytotoxicity, showing the interaction between NK and NKT cells, was significantly lower in AOSD patients than in healthy controls. These findings demonstrate that NK and NKT cell functions are defective in AOSD patients and suggest that these abnormalities contribute to innate immune dysfunction in AOSD.Arthritis & Rheumatology 09/2012; 64(9):2868-77. DOI:10.1002/art.34514 · 7.76 Impact Factor
Article: Age- and gender-related differences in circulating natural killer T cells and their subset levels in healthy Korean adults[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Natural killer T (NKT) cells have been reported to play crucial roles in a variety of diseases, including infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancers. Previous studies have reported wide age- and/or sex-related variations in circulating NKT cell levels in healthy subjects, but reported results are discrepant. In this study, the authors examined NKT cell levels in the peripheral blood of healthy Korean subjects and investigated potential relationships between clinical parameters and NKT cells and their subset levels. One hundred and thirty-eight age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. NKT cell and NKT subset levels were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating NKT cell levels were found to vary widely (0.01-5.15%) in the study subjects and to be lower in men than in women (P<0.05). Notably, gender-related differences in NKT cell levels were more prominent in elderly subjects (P<0.05). Furthermore, alterations in NKT subset compositions were found in elderly men, in whom the proportion of CD4+ NKT cells was elevated and that of double-negative NKT cells was reduced. Our data suggest that circulating NKT cells and NKT subset levels are affected by age and gender in the Korean population.Human immunology 08/2012; 73(10):1011-6. DOI:10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.335 · 2.14 Impact Factor
Article: Early growth response 2 negatively modulates osteoclast differentiation through upregulation of Id helix-loop-helix proteins[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Early growth response 2 (Egr2) is a zinc finger transcription factor that acts as an important modulator of various physiological processes. In this study, we show that Egr2 negatively regulates receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. The overexpression of Egr2 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) suppresses the formation of multinuclear osteoclasts and the expression of osteoclastogenic markers, including nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). On the other hand, Egr2 overexpression does not impact the phagocytic activity of osteoclast precursors or the expression of macrophage-specific markers in the presence of the osteoclastogenic stimuli, RANKL and M-CSF. We further demonstrate that Egr2 induces the expression of the inhibitors of differentiation/DNA binding (Ids) helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, which are important repressors in RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Egr2 transactivates the Id2 promoter and increases its recruitment to the Id2 promoter region. In addition, Egr2-dependent induction of Id2 promoter activity, and its binding to the Id2 promoter is abrogated by the overexpression of the Egr2 repressor, NGFI-A binding protein 2 (Nab2). Accordingly, coexpression with Nab2 restores Egr2-mediated suppression of osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, knockdown of Egr2 using shRNA enhances osteoclastogenesis and decreases Id2 gene expression. Ectopic expression of Id2 reverses the phenotype mediated by Egr2 silencing. Taken together, our results identify Egr2 as an important modulator of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and provide the link between RANKL, Egr2 and Id proteins in osteoclast-lineage cells.Bone 07/2012; 51(4):643-50. DOI:10.1016/j.bone.2012.07.015 · 3.97 Impact Factor
Article: The transmembrane adaptor protein, linker for activation of T cells (LAT), regulates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: RANKL induces the formation of osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption. Herein we investigate the role of the transmembrane adaptor proteins in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. LAT positively regulates osteoclast differentiation and is up-regulated by RANKL via c-Fos and NFATc1, whereas LAB and LIME act as negative modulators of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, silencing of LAT by RNA interference or overexpression of a LAT dominant negative in bone marrow-derived macrophage cells attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. Furthermore, LAT is involved in RANKL-induced PLC(γ) activation and NFATc1 induction. Thus, our data suggest that LAT acts as a positive regulator of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.Molecules and Cells 02/2012; 33(4):401-6. DOI:10.1007/s10059-012-0009-2 · 2.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells which can resorb bone and differentiated from hematopoietic cells. We have previously reported murine osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) may be an important bone-specific regulator of osteoclast differentiation. We have cloned soluble form of human OSCAR (hOSCAR) and examined the role of hOSCAR on osteoclast differentiation.01/2012; 19(1):11. DOI:10.11005/kjbm.2012.19.1.11
Article: Akt Induces Osteoclast Differentiation through Regulating the GSK3 /NFATc1 Signaling Cascade[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: SHIP is an SH2-containing inositol-5-phosphatase expressed in hematopoietic cells. It hydrolyzes the PI3K product PI(3,4,5)P(3) and blunts the PI3K-initiated signaling pathway. Although the PI3K/Akt pathway has been shown to be important for osteoclastogenesis, the molecular events involved in osteoclast differentiation have not been revealed. We demonstrate that Akt induces osteoclast differentiation through regulating the GSK3β/NFATc1 signaling cascade. Inhibition of the PI3K by LY294002 reduces formation of osteoclasts and attenuates the expression of NFATc1, but not that of c-Fos. Conversely, overexpression of Akt in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) strongly induced NFATc1 expression without affecting c-Fos expression, suggesting that PI3K/Akt-mediated NFATc1 induction is independent of c-Fos during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. In addition, we found that overexpression of Akt enhances formation of an inactive form of GSK3β (phospho-GSK3β) and nuclear localization of NFATc1, and that overexpression of a constitutively active form of GSK3β attenuates osteoclast formation through downregulation of NFATc1. Furthermore, BMMs from SHIP knockout mice show the increased expression levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-GSK3β, as well as the enhanced osteoclastogenesis, compared with wild type. However, overexpression of a constitutively active form of GSK3β attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation from SHIP-deficient BMMs. Our data suggest that the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/NFATc1 signaling axis plays an important role in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.The Journal of Immunology 11/2011; 188(1):163-9. DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1101254 · 4.92 Impact Factor
Article: Bone destruction by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand-expressing T cells in chronic gouty arthritis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to analyze the cellular expressions of pro-resorptive cytokines in gouty tophus tissues, to determine the capacity of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals to induce these cytokines, and to understand the mechanisms of bone destruction in chronic gout. Fourteen fixed, paraffin-embedded, uninfected tophus samples were analyzed immunohistochemically. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in vitro with MSU crystals, and gene expression was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In vitro osteoclastogenesis was performed using PBMCs and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs). CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells and mast cells infiltrated tophus tissues. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)+ osteoclasts were present around tophi and in osteolytic lesions. Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were produced from infiltrated mononuclear cells, whereas receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) was strongly expressed in T cells. However, osteoprotegerin (OPG) was not or was weakly expressed in tophus tissues. MSU crystals induced the expressions of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha and RANKL in PBMCs, but inhibited OPG expression. In addition, the pro-resorptive cytokines were highly expressed in SFMCs of gouty arthritis patients. Furthermore, in vitro osteoclastogenesis was enhanced in SFMC cultures, but inhibited in T cell-depleted SFMC cultures. Our study demonstrates that RANKL-expressing T cells and TRAP+ osteoclasts are present within gouty tophus tissues, and that infiltrating cells express pro-resorptive cytokines. Furthermore, our data show that MSU crystals have the potential to induce pro-resorptive cytokines, and T cells are involved in osteoclastogenesis in chronic gout.Arthritis research & therapy 10/2011; 13(5):R164. DOI:10.1186/ar3483 · 3.75 Impact Factor
Top Journals
Chonnam National University
Gwangju, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology
Ewha Womans University
Sŏul, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Cell Signaling Research (CCSR)
Chonnam National University HospitalSŏul, Seoul, South Korea
Chungnam National University
Sŏngnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
The Rockefeller UniversityNew York City, New York, United States


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HIV testing services (HTS) include the full range of services that should be provided together with HIV testing. Drive the conversation around HIV testing services: Ask your questions. Share your experiences. Discuss the latest HIV testing topics that you want to learn about. Join the AIDSFree HIV Testing Services Community of Practice: https://knowledge-gateway.org/aidsfree/join
20 July 2015
A participatory media project exploring HIV self testing
Film made by Millie Harvey
A collaboration between Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust, World Health Organisation, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health Film initiative
17 July 2015
Globally only 51% of people living with HIV know of their status. New "Consolidated guidelines for HIV testing services" launched by WHO cover new and existing recommendations centered on lay provider delivered HIV testing services, correct test results and quality of HIV testing, and strategic decision making on when and how to focus HIV testing services.
10 July 2015
3ie has recently released a Request for Expressions of Interest (REOI) to attend a matchmaking event in preparation for a Request for Proposals for projects combining HIV self-testing pilot programmes and as well as an impact evaluation of the pilot. Expressions of interest are requested of both researchers well-qualified in impact evaluation, or with local Ugandan HIV research experience, and also from implementing organizations in Uganda or Zambia. The REOIs can be found at Thematic Window HIV Self-testing Uganda and Thematic Window HIV Self-testing Uganda
30 June 2015
A team of partners, including WHO, received US$23 million investment from UNITAID to develop and improve access to HIV self-testing services in three high-burden African countries over the next two years.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Barceló Puerto Plata All Inclusive, Puerto Plata
- Free parking
Main amenities
- 585 guestrooms
- On the beach
- 5 restaurants
- 3 outdoor pools
- Nightclub
- WiFi in the lobby
- Beach umbrellas
- 2 meeting rooms
- Airport shuttle
- In-room childcare
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
What's around
- On the beach
- Playa Dorada (0.6 mi / 1 km)
- Playa Dorada Golf Club (0.2 mi / 0.2 km)
- Fun City (2.5 mi / 4.1 km)
- Lorilar Ranch (2.8 mi / 4.5 km)
- Long Beach (3 mi / 4.9 km)
Excellent staff. They were very attentive and helpful. Room was clean and comfortable.…
The rooms needs update they say double queen bed but the beds seem small we had to get…
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $82
- Double Room
- Premium Suite (Club)
- Single Room, 1 King Bed
- Superior Room (Club premium)
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 585 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-11 PM
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Children (2 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Babysitting/childcare *
- Children's club (ages 4 - 12)
- No pets or service animals allowed
- WiFi in public areas *
- WiFi in rooms *
- Airport shuttle (available on request) *
- Free self parking
Other information
- All-inclusive (taxes and gratuities included)
- Resort fee included
Nearby Three Star Puerto Plata hotels
In the hotel
- Children's club
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Supervised childcare/activities
- 5 restaurants
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Beach sun loungers
- Beach umbrellas
- Number of outdoor pools - 3
- Children's pool
- Tennis on site
- Nightclub
- Beach towels
- Pool umbrellas
- Billiards or pool table
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- 24-hour front desk
- Laundry facilities
- Hair salon
- Wedding services
- Number of buildings/towers - 16
- ATM/banking
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Garden
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Ceiling fan
- Espresso maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Balcony
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Hair dryer
- Cable TV channels
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Phone
- Free bottled water
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
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Special features
All inclusive
This resort is all-inclusive. Onsite food and beverages are included in the room price (some restrictions may apply).
Gratuities and taxes
Gratuities and taxes are included.
Food and beverages
- All buffet and à la carte meals, snacks, and local beverages included
- In-room minibar (all beverages included)
Activities and facilities/equipment
All non-motorized water sports, land activities, and use of recreational facilities and equipment are included.
Water activities
- Sailing
- Snorkeling
- Windsurfing
Land activities
- Fitness facilities
- Miniature golf
- Tennis
- Volleyball
- Aerobics
- Dancing
Kids' club
- Supervised activities for children between 4 and 12 years old
- Onsite entertainment and activities
- Onsite live performances
Not included
- Motorized water sports
- Scuba-diving certification
- Premium and/or non-domestic beverages
- Room service
- Airport transfers
- Childcare
- Laundry/dry cleaning services
- Spa/beauty facilities and services
- Wireless Internet access
- Activities and services offered by independent operators
- Offsite tours
DiningLa Giralda - This buffet restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Marenostrum - This seafood restaurant specializes in seafood and serves dinner only. Reservations are required.
La Dolce Vita - This restaurant specializes in Italian cuisine and serves dinner only. Reservations are required.
Rodizio - This restaurant specializes in Brazilian cuisine and serves dinner only. Reservations are required.
Mexico Lindo - This restaurant specializes in Mexican cuisine and serves dinner only. Reservations are required.
On Site
- Tennis on site
- Aerobics on site
- Basketball on site
- Miniature golf on site
- Kayaking on site
- Playground on site
- Rowing or canoeing on site
- Scuba diving on site
- Volleyball on site
- Windsurfing on site
- Golfing nearby
Barceló Puerto Plata All Inclusive, Puerto Plata's small print
Also known as
- Barcel≤ Puerto Plata
- Barcel≤ Puerto Plata All Inclusive
- Barcelo Puerto Plata Dominican Republic
- Barcelo Puerto Plata Hotel Puerto Plata
- Grand Puerto Plata
- Puerto Plata Barcelo
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Some facilities may have restricted access. Guests can contact the property for details using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
This property does not have elevators.
The name on the credit card used at check-in to pay for incidentals must be the primary name on the guestroom reservation.
Mandatory fees
The charges below are included in the total price displayed:
- Resort fee
Optional extras
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge
WiFi is available in guestrooms for USD 25 per day (rates may vary)
WiFi is available in public areas for an extra charge
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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My Simulink model of an induction machine run about 2 second even if the simulation time is 20 sec. any idea on that?
The model is include of 3-phase to d-q model and then transforming to rotor reference model. the last step is deriving currents and applying the electrical torque and the mechanical torque has not been implemented yet. sot machine is working in no-load condition.
No products are associated with this question.
Please verify the scope setting: Parameters - Data History - Limit Data Point to last.
The default is it is checked and limited to 5000 points.
Opportunities for recent engineering grads.


text:
A large and beautiful 19th century English biscuit tin of unusual serpentine shape with rounded corners, printed with scenes from historical English Manors and famous portraits. The tin has a hinged top with a center medallion. Quite charming, the tin does show the signs of age with paint loss and some discoloration, but still wonderful for display.
Size: 5 ½" Height x 8 ½" Length x 7" Depth.
Another shopper has this item in their Cart or Wish List.
The Design Corner offers Antiques and Collectibles at sensible prices!
Enjoy our ever growing inventory of vintage collectibles and antiques.


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Brazil's Straw Hat project helps women leave abusive situations
Saudi, Iran and the 'war' over the Hajj stampede
14 Jan 2006 13:06 GMT
Khaddam, who moved to Paris after resigning in June, has said in interviews since December that Bashar al-Assad, the Syrian president, had threatened al-Hariri shortly before he was killed in a car bombing on 14 February. Al-Assad has denied the allegation.
Sources told Aljazeera on Friday that the Saudis rejected the idea of hosting Khaddam, upon which the French delegation left for the United Arab Emirates to discuss the asylum issue with government officials there. The French team has yet to get a final word from the UAE, the sources said.
In December, Khaddam told Al Arabiya television that the killing of al-Hariri could not have been carried out by Syrian agents without al-Assad's involvement.
Asked if he thought that the Syrian president was directly responsible for al-Hariri's killing in Beirut last February, Khaddam told Britain's Sky News on Thursday: "In my belief, yes, my personal belief is that he ordered it. But at the end of the day there is an investigation. They must give the final decision."
Popular uprising
Khaddam has said he wants a popular uprising to overthrow the Syrian government, and Syrian officials call him a traitor. Asked if he would use the same word to describe al-Assad, he said: "Yes, I call him a traitor.
"Corruption in Syria is so widespread within the closed circle around the president. He's practised corruption so much that you see that his cousins control everything. And as far as foreign policy is concerned, his policy is causing humiliation to Syria."
Khaddam(R) with al-Assad at theBaath party's congress last yearIn other news, police on Friday arrested a Syrian on charges of giving false evidence to the Lebanese investigation into the assassination of Rafiq al-Hariri, the former prime minister, a judicial official said in Beirut.
Khaddam(R) with al-Assad at theBaath party's congress last year
Ibrahim Jarjura was detained on a warrant issued by Ilias Eid, the investigating magistrate, who interviewed Jarjura on two occasions and heard conflicting testimony, the official said, speaking on condition of anonymity because of the secrecy of the investigation. Lebanon's official National News Agency reported the arrest, adding that unknown parties appeared to have been using Jarjura to mislead the investigation. The arrest brings to 12 the number of people that Lebanon has arrested in connection with the truck bombing that killed al-Hariri and 20 other people in central Beirut last February.
Among them are four pro-Syrian Lebanese generals. Other detainees
Most of the detainees were arrested on the recommendation of the UN commission investigating al-Hariri's killing. It was not known whether the commission had recommended Jarjura's arrest. A second Syrian, Muhammad Zuhair Siddiq, has been detained in France since October when the UN commission recommended his arrest on grounds of giving false evidence to investigators.
Al-Assad (L) met Saudi Arabia'sKing Abdullah last week in RiyadhLebanese prosecutors have charged him in absentia with giving false testimony to mislead the UN investigation, and playing an indirect role in al-Hariri's killing. On Wednesday, Kofi Annan, the UN secretary-general, appointed Serge Brammertz, a Belgian prosecutor at the International Criminal Court, to head the UN commission.
Al-Assad (L) met Saudi Arabia'sKing Abdullah last week in Riyadh
The first commission chief, Detlev Mehlis, a German prosecutor, stepped down last month.
The commission has accused the Syrian intelligence service of involvement in al-Hariri's assassination. Syria has denied the charge and said it is unfounded on evidence.
Source: Aljazeera + Agencies
Enbridge Energy is eyeing a major pipeline in Minnesota state, but the project faces fierce environmental opposition.
Environment, Oil spill, Energy
Plunder of Somali waters by foreign fishing vessels could mean the return of hijackings, locals warn.
Environment, Somalia, Africa
Once-thriving northeast factories waylaid by '90s economic reforms as millions of former 'employees-for-life' laid off.
Business & Economy, Unemployment, China
Frustrated by long queues, thousands of refugees register with German authorities struggling with the recent influx.
Refugees, Humanitarian crises, War & Conflict
We speak to former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, and ask a former KGB general about Russia's air strikes in Syria.
War & Conflict, Middle East, Israel
101 East follows the lives of seven people in Nanjing and asks what they think of the direction their country is taking.
Politics, Asia Pacific, China
In a Delhi slum, puppeteers, musicians, jugglers and acrobats try to unite as they wrangle with an approaching eviction.
Business & Economy, Arts & Culture, Poverty & Development
An investigation into the high rate of child sex abuse in Jamaica and the government's failure to protect its children.


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Altria Territory Sales Manager Interview Questions
Interview Experience
Interview Experience
Getting an Interview
Getting an Interview
Interview Difficulty
Interviews for Top Jobs at Altria
- Territory Sales Manager (101)
- Intern (29)
- Summer Sales (14)
- Sales Intern (11)
- Sales (10)
- Internship (7)
- Territory Sales (4)
- Engineering (3)
- Summer Sales Intern (3)
- Marketing (2)
- Intern - Hourly (2)
- Summer (2)
- Territory Sales Intern (2)
- Sales Logistics Specialist (2)
- Undergraduate Finance Intern (1)
- Consumer Sales and Marketing Intern (1)
- Printing Graphics Specialist (1)
- Summer Sales Leadership Intern (1)
- Intern (IT) (1)
- Undergraduate Sales Intern (1)
- Sales Intern Interview (1)
- Undergraduate Finance (1)
- Sales Undergraduate Summer (1)
- Corporate Communications (Temp) (1)
- Altria BrandInterview (1)
- TSM Intern (1)
- Communications/Community Relations (1)
- Worked As A Territory Sales Manager (1)
- Brand Management Intern (1)
101 Candidate Interview Reviews Back to all InterviewsSort: Popular Date Difficulty
Territory Sales Manager Interview
I applied through college or university. The process took 3+ months. I interviewed at Altria.
Interviews are not easy. You need to be very quick on your feet, and be able to explain your answers in debth. Lots of how wouyld you handle this situation, or tell me about a time when. You're applying for a sales job so you need to know how to sell yourself to them. If you cannot sell yourself how will you be able to sell a product.
Interview Questions
- Tell us about a time when you had to take charge of a situation? What was the result, and how did you handle it? 1 Answer
Other Interview Reviews for Altria
Territory Sales Manager InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceDifficult Interview
I applied online. The process took 8+ weeks. I interviewed at Altria (New York, NY).
Phone screening, Panel Interview and Day in Field. Very thorough process but was a fun process. Really enjoyed the day in the field to see and feel the job. From start to finish the process lasted nearly 2 months.
Interview Questions
- Star format. Was only asked less than 5 behavioral questions in panel interview. Most of time was spent on case study and role play. Answer Question
They made very fair offer and there was no negotiating.
Helpful (10)
Territory Sales Manager InterviewAccepted OfferNeutral ExperienceDifficult Interview
I applied through college or university. The process took 4+ weeks. I interviewed at Altria.
Better be prepared to answer behavioral questions in the STAR format. The interview process is very difficult and takes a long time. During the panel interview, you are asked to roll play. During the roll play the managers in the room challenge you and ask several redundant questions.
Interview Questions
- Tell me about a time you received negative feedback and how did you handle the situation? Answer Question
Helpful (2)
Territory Sales Manager InterviewNo OfferNeutral ExperienceAverage Interview
I applied online. The process took 2 weeks. I interviewed at Altria (Lewisburg, PA) in August 2015.
Was contacted by the District Manager and set up a phone interview. During the phone interview was asked about my resume and some behavior questions. (Need to use the STAR format when responding) was told that I would know by the following Friday if moving on to the next phase of the process that is a Face to Face interview along with completing a Case Study. Received a call the next day asking if I was still interested in the position and set up the face to face interview for the following Friday. Was then asked to fill out a formal application and required to print off and bring to the face to face interview. Upon greeting the interviewers I was given a deck of paper a calculator along with 30 minutes to prepare the case study for a fictitious Coffee company with sales figures and asked to analyze it and compete the case study along with prepare a sales pitch to a grocery store manager to convince her to reduce the retail price along with increase sales. It's a given you will be overcoming objections from the store manager during a role play during the interview. Stack the numbers and really focus on them. Know how to compute penny profit, margin etc. Then a few more behavior STAR format questions. Takes about an hour to complete. Was told that I would know by Monday one way or another if I would be invited to a day in the trade to interact with customers and job shadow a experienced TSM and District Manager. The following Monday I received an email from Altria's recruiting department stating that at this time they wouldn't be offering employment. I was really shocked because this position was directly in line with previous positions I've held in large CPG companies. I felt the case study and role play was spot on and delivered quite well and thorough however was not invited for the day in the trade. I applied to a listed posting for the area and was told by the hiring manager that the position was open and wanted it filed ASAP I still continue to see the position advertised and even have been contacted by the Altria's in house recruiter asking me to express interest in the same position and apply for the same position I was interviewed for and was told that I wouldn't be offered employment at this time. Attempts to confirm with the hiring manager has gone with unanswered emails and texts. Who knows maybe just building a pool of applicants for upcoming openings.
Interview Questions
- Tell me a time when you had plans to do X and at the last minute were asked to rearrange your schedule to meet more pressing needs. Answer Question
- What is a Goal you have set and how did you work to accomplish it. Answer Question
Helpful (1)
Territory Sales Manager InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceDifficult Interview
I applied through an employee referral. The process took 3 days. I interviewed at Altria (Chicago, IL).
Screening interview, Behavioral questions, Case study, Day in the field. The first interview was an informal screening process that asked general behavioral questions. The second part of the process included a panel interview with a case study and written questions behavioral questions. The final step of the interview was a day in the field with a territory sales manager and unit manager to get a better hands on feel for the day to day job.
Interview Questions
- Tell me about a time where you had to convince a group of people? Answer Question
Territory Sales Manager InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied through college or university. The process took a week. I interviewed at Altria.
Three phases: Introductory, panel, job tryout Intro phases was very easy, common interview questions and a few behavioral Panel was a bit more challening--you need to make a sales pitch Job tryout is a day in the field
Interview Questions
- Stregnths/weaknesses Answer Question
Helpful (1)
Territory Sales Manager InterviewNo OfferNegative Experience
I applied through college or university. The process took 6+ weeks. I interviewed at Altria in May 2015.
Found out about the company through a friend who loved his time there as an intern. Went to a career fair to meet some of the recruiters. Very positive event. 2 weeks later was scheduled for an initial interview for the position in my home state. Found out 2 weeks later that I would move on to the panel interview. This was actually a little tough but still achievable. Didn't hear anything for 2 weeks so I reached out to the office assistant who told me that someone was supposed to reach out to me last week to schedule the final portion of the interview. 3 weeks later I went on my ride along and felt I did very well. It's been a week and haven't heard anything.
Interview Questions
- Why Altria? Answer Question
- Talk about a time where you showed your leadership ability Answer Question
- Tell me.about a time you used data to complete a sales call. Answer Question
Helpful (7)
Territory Sales Manager InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceDifficult Interview
I applied through an employee referral. I interviewed at Altria.
Very technical/ situational questions. Star format. About an hour long interview, 3 different interviews. Very detailed answers are expected. Also have to answer a financial selling situation question. Expected to understand basics of cost/ profit & margin calculations.
Interview Questions
- Tell me about a time you had to analyze and apply data. Answer Question
They offered me a base salary & I accepted.
Helpful (5)
Territory Sales Manager InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceDifficult Interview
I applied online. I interviewed at Altria.
Extensive interview process. The first interview was a phone interview with the district manager. It lasted around 45 min. We reviewed my resume, and he asked what I knew about Altria. The next interview was with the unit and district manager. A quick review of the resume again followed by a series of STAR questions. The entire process lasted 45 min. The third interview was a panel interview at the Regional HQ. You arrive and are immediately given sales data for a fictitious coffee company you have to develop a sales call designed to stimulate increased promotion and sales of the coffee to a grocery store manager. You then go to the interview room and role play your sales call with the 4 members of the panel. It's fun so enjoy it! After that another STAR question or two. The final interview was a day in the field. I rode with the Unit Manager and was asked to present the products and work with the store employee's. This is an interview from the time you start until the end of the day. Once again enjoy it, it's fun. Everyone I met during the interview process was friendly, helpful and professional. Just don't expect to know how you did, they all have great poker faces.
Interview Questions
- Describe a situation where you had to work with others to achieve a goal. 1 Answer
Helpful (2)
Territory Sales Manager InterviewNo OfferNegative ExperienceAverage Interview
I applied through college or university. I interviewed at Altria (Austin, TX).
Met a few recruiters at career fair. Had a mock interview with my college with first recruiter which I believe got me my actual first interview with them. My first interview went poorly - the interviewer seemed bored and all over the place, showed up late to my interview and only spent about 15 minutes speaking to me
Interview Questions
- Standard behavioral questions. Why do you want to be in sales? Answer Question
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text:
Home > Indexes > DYMO > 18057
Click image to enlarge or see more views.
UPC Code: 071701180575
Provantage Code: CSTR152
Printing > Printing Accessories > Labels
RhinoPRO 3/4" x 5' Heat Shrink Tube - Black on White
DYMO RhinoPRO 6000 Label Printer
Mfg Part# 1734519
DYMO Rhino 5200 Hard Case Kit Industrial Label Printer
Mfg Part# 1756589
DYMO RhinoPRO 6000 Hard Carry Case
Mfg Part# 1738638
Purchase a minimum of 100 pieces of Dymo Products.
Shop with confidence! Provantage is an authorized DYMO dealer.


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Daemen College : Alumni : Memorabilia
The Daemen College/ Rosary Hill College Alumni Association is looking for memorabilia to be featured on campus. Among donated items being sought for the memorabilia collection are:
To donate college memorabilia, please contact us at 716-839-8212 or email@example.com. Please note that donations for the collection will not be returned.
Log in to search the Alumni Directory, Register for an Event, or to submit or read
Class Notes
History and Government
"I am currently working at the Smithsonian Museum of American History working on a photographic collection and learning more about D.C.'s past."
©2014 Daemen College : 4380 Main Street, Amherst, NY 14226 : 800.462.7652


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Tufty-Time by B&B Italia
Written by Katie on February 6, 2008. Permalink
I have admired this sofa for a long time now, and one day if my wallet permits, I might bite the bullet and get one.
"The Tufty-time sofa, designed by Patricia Urquiola for B&B Italia, has an original and luxurious design, and is extremely comfortable! The Tufty-time consists of various modules made of large-scale square tufts which can be combined in different ways to form a variety of configurations. The large depth of the sofa seat and its soft features make it extremely relaxing! The cover is completely removable."
Fabric Cat. B, $4,755 exc.
Fabric Cat. Extra, $ 5,134 exc.
Fabric Cat. Super, $ 5,398 exc.
Fabric Cat. Lusso, $ 5,871 exc.
Purchase Information:Price: $4,755.00-$5,871.00
Availability: Buy Tufty-Time by B&B Italia here


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All quotes tagged Faithful
(3495 quotes found)
"Investors are being asked to own a stock on more and more faith. There is a lack of clarity about the company's growth rate and a lack of vision on where they are going."
"If you have faith, you can move mountains. If you have faith in something bigger than yourself -- in God, community, family, whatever -- then anything is possible. Faith alone will give you the strength to clear any obstacle in your way."
"In every religious and sacred text, faith is a verb; a thing to be demonstrated. it is in modern days that we have diluted faith from an act to a philosophy."
"Tony's got tremendous faith. That's what will carry Tony through. He's unbelievable. I know what Tony's thinking, and I know how he'll handle it, and it will be his faith that will really stand strong. But that doesn't mean it's easy."
"Islam is NOT under attack; what is(rather under attack) is the near-dead consciense of intransigent satirists who aren't even devotees of the percieved 'opposing faith'."
"The team continued to give me the ball. They had faith in me to give me the ball and...I love those guys. The fact that this could have been our last game, made this more special."
"Unbeliever is he who follows predestination even if he be Muslim, Faithful is he, if he himself is the Divine Destiny."
"just when your ready to give up on God he does the unthinkable there's many reasons why you shouldn't give up on God but every time you doubt him he shows you time after time why you got to have faith and believe"


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 23, 2010
|Filing date
|Oct 13, 2004
|Priority date
|May 10, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Darwin C. Olson
|Original Assignee
|Eaton Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (34), Referenced by (3), Classifications (10), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/141,882 filed on May 10, 2002.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to low pressure fittings. More particularly, the present invention relates to low pressure fittings such as low pressure couplings and low pressure valves.
2. Background of the Invention
There is a constant need for fittings used to convey and contain fluids. Since there are millions of these fittings used in millions of devices, it is desirable to configure these fittings so that they are both low in cost and reliable. Exemplary of such fittings are low pressure quick-connect fittings, which have replaced threaded fittings in thousands of applications, and valves which vent devices such as pressurized air containers and provide liquid drains for containers. With respect to keeping costs of such fittings as low as possible, there are needs for designs which can be machined, molded or end formed. It is also desirable to have components which are easy and inexpensive to manufacture and which do not require substantial changes in manufacturing know-how.
In configuring relatively simple devices, it is also desirable to use components and materials which have been extensively tested and have capabilities which are understood so that the limits of reliability are readily understood. This allows a designer and manufacturer to avoid over designing components so as to minimize manufacturing costs and perhaps spend manufacturing dollars on other aspects of the device using the fitting.
A fitting is provided that includes a receptacle having an inner wall forming a female member. The inner wall includes a shoulder and a land. A male member is received in the female member with a gap therebetween. The male member includes an outwardly opening groove. An O-ring is seated between the outwardly opening groove in the male member and the shoulder and the land of the receptacle to prevent removal of the male member from the receptacle. The outwardly opening groove, the shoulder and the land are configured such that compression of the O-ring is sufficient to prevent removal of the male member from the female member.
Various other features of the present invention will be more fully appreciated as the same becomes better understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the several views, and wherein:
Referring now to
Initially, the female member 14 has the locking O-ring 18 axially positioned in its relaxed state in an inwardly opening groove 22. The groove 22 has a floor 26 radially extending to side walls 28 and 30, the wall 30 terminating in an annular edge 31. Wall 28 begins closer to the axis 32 of the female member 14 and has a wider surface area than the wall 30. Inboard of the wall 28 there is a frusto-conical stop surface 34 extending from inner cylindrical land 36 of the female member 14 to a tubular member or portion 40, which may be a tube formed integrally or unitarily with the female member 14.
Extending forwardly from front wall 30 of the inwardly opening groove 22 is a second cylindrical land 42 which has a diameter greater than the first cylindrical land 42 and an axial extent substantially less than the first cylindrical land. The second cylindrical land 42 joins a frusto-conical surface 44 which extends radially inward toward the axis 32 of the female member 14. The frusto-conical shoulder 44 joins a cylindrical inlet surface 46 which has an inner diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the first cylindrical land 36.
The male member 16 has a frusto-conical nose portion 50 and an outwardly (or exteriorly) opening groove 52 in which the primary sealing O-ring 20 is seated. Groove 52 is joined by a cylindrical portion 54 to a second outwardly opening groove 56. The second outwardly opening groove 56 has a cylindrical floor 58 and first and second frusto-conical walls 60 and 62 which make the groove 56 concave by flaring away from the cylindrical floor 56. The male member 16 then continues as a tube 66 which may be integral or unitary with the male member 16, and in a usual application, has a diameter equal to the diameter of the tube 40 with which the female member 14 is joined.
Referring now to
Upon pressurizing the tube 40 connected to the female member 14, or upon pressurizing the tube 66 connected to the male member 16 so that there is pressure within the tubes, fluid pressure on the primary O-ring 20 forces the male member 16 to move with respect to the female member in the direction of arrow 70. Since the locking O-ring 18 is constrained by the outwardly opening groove 56, the O-ring is forced by the frusto-conical surface 60 to deform against the edge 31 joining the cylindrical land 42 to the second wall of the female member 14. This causes the O-ring 18 to be squeezed through a gap 72 between the edge 31 on the female member 14 and the frusto-conical surface 60 of groove 56 on the male member 16.
As is seen in
Since the locking O-ring 18 is resilient and deformable, it forms a secondary seal that seals the gap 74 between the male member 16 and the female member 14. Accordingly, seal 18 for at least some applications is sufficient to both lock and seal the coupling 12, in which case the seal 20 may be deleted or is considered as an additional sealing O-ring supplementing the sealing action of the O-ring 18.
While utilizing pressure within the tubular portions 40 and 66 to effect coupling the male and female members 14 and 16, it should be kept in mind that locking should also be effected by simply pulling the male member 16 and female member 14 in opposite directions to move from the
Referring now to
The quick-connect coupling of
The female member 14, which can be configured as a receptacle or port as well as a tube, may be machined or molded as is the case with the male member 16. Optionally, the female member 14 and male member 16 may be formed by stamping. The material may be metal or plastic depending on its application.
Referring now to
As is seen in the elevational views, the valve body 104 has a bore 110 therethrough defined by a cylindrical inner wall. The bore 110 has a first end 112 and a second end 114. The second end 114 is relieved to provide a recess 116 having a shoulder 118. The shoulder 118 is slightly frusto-conical. The valve body 104 has exterior threads 120 thereon threading onto a container or other device, which has fluid therein, such as but not limited to pressurized air or a liquid. A hex nut flange 124 having end face 126 is unitary with the valve body 104.
The valve stem or male member 102 has an end flange 130 projecting radially therefrom and a shank portion 132. The shank portion 132 has outwardly opening groove 134 at second end 135 thereof and a longitudinal opening 138 in the form of an outwardly opening groove. Preferably, there are two grooves 138 disposed at 180 from one another. Grooves 138 have first end 140, which is disposed approximate the annular groove 135 and a second end 142 that communicates with a radial groove 144 in the end flange 130.
In order to assemble the valve assembly 100, the valve stem 102, valve body 104 and O-ring 106 are aligned as in
The valve assembly 100 shown in
When it is desired to relieve pressure behind the wall 150, the end flange 130 of the valve is simply pressed back against the face 126 on the valve body 104 so that the space formed by the groove 138 communicates with the space on the opposite side of the wall 150. This allows air to flow into the annular recess 116 in the valve body 114 and through the axial groove 138 in the shank 132 and radial groove 144 of the male member 102 (see
Referring now to
Referring to
Referring to
As shown in
In an embodiment, the hardness of the locking O-ring 18′ is between about 70 and 90 durometer (Shore A), but is not necessarily limited thereto. In a non-reinforced polymer O-ring, this hardness results in a compression of between approximately 10-25%, depending on the diameter of the locking O-ring 18′ and the corresponding dimensions of the outwardly opening groove 56″, the shoulder 44″ and land 42″. The working pressure of the fitting (i.e., the predetermined pressure below the pressure that causes the male and female members to separate) is generally determined by the shear strength of the locking O-ring 18′, which may be enhanced by compression of the locking O-ring. This feature is particularly useful when using non-reinforced polymer O-rings, such as elastic polymer O-rings. Accordingly, the outwardly opening groove 56″, the shoulder 44″ and the land 42″ are configured such that compression of the locking O-ring 18′ alone is sufficient to prevent removal of the male member 16″ from the female member 14″.
Like the embodiment shown in
Referring to
In the illustrated embodiment, the cavity 96 is slightly larger in diameter than the distance across corners of the polygonal-shaped opening 92, which permits the male member 16′″ to rotate freely. The position of cavity 96 also corresponds with the position of the locking O-ring 18″ within the inwardly opening groove 22′″ to permit the polygonal-shaped protrusion 94 to rotate when the locking O-ring 18″ is seated in the outwardly opening groove 56′″ of the male member 16′″. The cavity 96 also allows disassembly of the stop nut 80″ without rotating the male member 16′″ by pushing the male member 16′″ further into the female member 14′″ before removing the stop nut 80″. While the polygonal-shaped opening 92 and the cavity 96 are provided within the stop nut 80″ in the embodiment shown in
Receipt of the polygonal-shaped protrusion 94 into the polygonal-shaped opening 92 also provides a visual and tactical indication that the fitting 12′″ is locked and may be under pressure. This feature prevents a user from disassembling the fitting 12′″ before depleting the pressure. An interior edge 99 (
The female member 14′″ illustrated in
It will be appreciated that the anti-rotation feature 90 is not limited to the polygonal-shaped opening 92 and the polygonal-shaped protrusion 94 shown in
The present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, which are merely illustrative of the best modes for carrying out the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that the method and apparatus within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby. This description of the invention should be understood to include all novel and non-obvious combinations of elements described herein, and claims may be presented in this or a later application to any novel and non-obvious combination of these elements. Moreover, the foregoing embodiments are illustrative, and no single feature or element is essential to all possible combinations that may be claimed in this or a later application.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 31, 1936
|Jun 22, 1937
|Douglas Catley
|Coupling for hose and like piping
|Oct 30, 1944
|May 9, 1950
|Weatherhead Co
|Slidable type drain cock
|Jan 20, 1950
|Apr 1, 1952
|Weatherhead Co
|Push type drain valve
|Apr 21, 1948
|Oct 5, 1954
|Bar Jon Mfg Company
|Feb 4, 1960
|Jul 12, 1960
|Wiltse Sumner D
|Tube coupling having a reinforced sealing and locking ring
|Jul 7, 1964
|Dec 27, 1966
|Wieden & Co G M B H Fa
|Filling valve for gas lighters
|Apr 15, 1963
|May 2, 1967
|Bruning Earl F
|Releasable fluid coupling
|May 4, 1967
|Oct 28, 1969
|Welsh Tom
|Plug-in gas receptacle
|Oct 31, 1968
|Nov 18, 1969
|Girling Ltd
|Permanently coupled assemblies
|Mar 24, 1969
|Nov 17, 1970
|Weatherhead Co
|Quick connect coupling
|Dec 23, 1968
|Feb 23, 1971
|Mec O Matic Inc
|Reversible self-cleaning cartridge valve
|Nov 4, 1968
|Jul 20, 1971
|Sullivan Gerald L
|Valve-controlled rotary nozzle
|Oct 30, 1969
|Jan 25, 1972
|Johns Manville
|Thrust-resistant pipe joint
|Jul 16, 1979
|Aug 4, 1981
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
|Non-slip turning joint for fuzes
|Jun 4, 1980
|Feb 23, 1982
|Parise & Sons, Inc.
|Fast acting, nonrepairable plastic on/off valve
|Nov 25, 1980
|Oct 4, 1983
|Mueller Co.
|Coupling joint for telescoping tubular members
|Jul 9, 1984
|Jan 21, 1986
|Stratoflex, Inc.
|Quick connect coupling
|Mar 15, 1985
|Apr 8, 1986
|E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc.
|Quick disconnect tube coupling
|Mar 26, 1984
|Aug 5, 1986
|Vetco Offshore, Inc.
|Snap type pipe connector
|Oct 7, 1985
|Feb 24, 1987
|General Motors Corporation
|Quick connect tube coupling
|May 28, 1985
|Sep 1, 1987
|Karl Hehl
|Pipe coupling
|Apr 20, 1987
|Nov 8, 1988
|Philips Industries, Inc.
|Swivel joint
|Apr 27, 1990
|Dec 18, 1990
|Vetco Gray Inc.
|Elastomeric lockdown and shearout device
|Mar 13, 1991
|May 5, 1992
|Shih Sen Tien
|Water-control stopper
|Sep 21, 1993
|Sep 6, 1994
|Wang Der Shing
|Hose coupling
|May 27, 1994
|Jul 18, 1995
|Foltz; Timothy J.
|Drain valve
|Dec 10, 1993
|Jul 18, 1995
|A-Dec, Inc.
|Syringe tip retainer assembly
|Aug 18, 1995
|Nov 5, 1996
|Aeroquip Corporation
|Coupling assembly
|Jun 9, 1995
|Sep 30, 1997
|American Fence Corporation
|Threadless pipe coupler for sprinkler pipe
|Aug 11, 1995
|Nov 18, 1997
|Georg Fischer Management Ag
|Drain valve
|Nov 29, 1993
|Oct 27, 1998
|Proprietary Technology, Inc.
|Conduit coupling
|Sep 27, 1996
|Dec 8, 1998
|Raufoss Technology A/S
|Coupling for pressurized medium
|Mar 23, 1998
|Jun 15, 1999
|Cheng; Tsan-Hsiung
|Automatic fluid stopper and fluid stopper mounting spanner
|Jul 26, 2000
|May 14, 2002
|Dana Corporation
|Quick-connect hose end couplings
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 28, 2011
|Jun 10, 2014
|The Gates Corporation
|Quick connect coupling systems with insert
|Oct 12, 2011
|Apr 19, 2012
|Do Youn Lee
|Anti-Expansion and Anti-Seismic Pipe Fitting
|May 31, 2012
|Gilbreath Donald R
|Quick Connect Coupling Systems with Insert
|U.S. Classification
|285/353, 285/384, 285/357
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 27, 2004
Owner name: EATON CORPORATION,OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OLSON, DARWIN C.;REEL/FRAME:015295/0499
Effective date: 20041012
|Aug 26, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Now showing items 1454-1473 of 4101Next Page
|Perhaps the most characteristic feature of our timesis that economic development has become the goal and ambition of people. The needs which this desire creates are immense they are of course urgent everywhere and they cannot be postponded. Consequently there was a frantic search for formulae of rapid economic development. It was claimed that agrarian reform is the indispensable condition for the development of productive forces and industrialization of the state.A key element in the land reform policy is the provision for ownership of land .Measures taken include redistribution of large estates ,assistance to tenants or labourers to acquire holdings and settlement schemes to establish new farming units on reclaimed or developed lands.In this thesis an attempt is made to evaluate the impact of these reforms on the agrarian structure in general and the scheduled caste in particular.
|Department of applied economics, Cochin University of Science And Technology
|The present study was an attempt to analyze systematically the techniques of monetary control measures with its relevance and changing importance and to find out their effectiveness in the Indian context especially to achieve the thriving objectives of price stability and economic growth.There is definite and remarkable economic impact of monetary policy on Indian economy in the post-reform period. The importance of monetary policy has been increasing year after year. Its role is very relevant in attaining monetary objectives, especially in managing price stability and achieving economic growth. Along that, the use and importance of monetary weapons like Bank rate, CRR, SLR, Repo rate and Reverse Rate have increased over the years. Repo and Reverse Repo rates are the most frequently used monetary techniques in recent years. The rates are varied mainly for curtailing inflation and absorb the excess liquidity and hence to maintain price stability in the economy. Thus, this short-time objective of price stability is more successful on Indian economy rather than other long-term objectives of development.Monetary policy rules can be active or passive. The passive rule is to keep the money supply constant, which is reminiscent of Milton Friedman's money growth rule. The second, called a price stabilization rule, is to change the money supply in response to changes in aggregate supply or demand to keep the price level constant. The idea of an active rule is to keep the price level and hence inflation in check. In India, this rule dominates our monetary policy. A stable growth is healthy growth.
|Department of Applied Economics,Cochin University of Science and Technology
|Wireless sensor networks monitor their surrounding environment for the occurrence of some anticipated phenomenon. Most of the research related to sensor networks considers the static deployment of sensor nodes. Mobility of sensor node can be considered as an extra dimension of complexity, which poses interesting and challenging problems. Node mobility is a very important aspect in the design of effective routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks. In this work we intent to present the impact of different mobility models on the performance of the wireless sensor networks. Routing characteristics of various routing protocols for ad-hoc network were studied considering different mobility models. Performance metrics such as end-to-end delay, throughput and routing load were considered and their variations in the case of mobility models like Freeway, RPGM were studied. This work will be useful to figure out the characteristics of routing protocols depending on the mobility patterns of sensors
|International Conference on Sensors and Related Networks (SENNET'07), VIT University, Vellore, India. Dec. 12-14, 2007. pp.480-485.
|Impact of Node ... reless Sensor Networks.pdf
|A chitinolytic fungus, Beau6eria bassiana was isolated from marine sediment and significant process parameters influencing chitinase production in solid state fermentation using wheat bran were optimised. The organism was strongly alkalophilic and produced maximum chitinase at pH 9·20. The NaCl and colloidal chitin requirements varied with the type of moistening medium used. Vegetative (mycelial) inoculum was more suitable than conidial inoculum for obtaining maximal enzyme yield. The addition of phosphate and yeast extract resulted in enhancement of chitinase yield. After optimisation, the maximum enzyme yield was 246·6 units g 1 initial dry substrate (U gIDS 1). This is the first report of the production of chitinase from a marine fungus.
|Process Biochemistry 34 (1999) 257–267
|Impact of proce ... lid state fermentation.pdf
|Process parameters influencing e-glutaminase production by marine Vibrio costicola in solid state fermentation (SSF) using polystyrene as an inert support were optimised. Maximal enzyme yield (157 U/g dry substrate) was obtained at 2% (w/w) t:glutamine, 35°C and pH 7.0 after 24 h. Maltose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 1% (w/w) concentration enhanced enzyme yield by 23 and 18%, respectively, while nitrogen sources had an inhibitory effect. Leachate with high specific activity for glutaminase (4.2 U/mg protein) and low viscosity (0-966 Ns/m 2) was recovered from the polystyrene SSF system
|Process Biochemistry, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 285-289, 1997
|Impact of proce ... ne as an inert support.pdf
|Recognizing that high satisfaction leads to high customer loyalty, companies today are aiming for total customer satisfaction. This article explains relative impact of product quality, service quality and contextual experience on customer perceived value and intention to shop in the future. The data has been collected using a questionnaire from 205 customers of a national retailer chain. The relative importance of product quality, service quality and contextual experience on customer perceived value and thus on customer preference and future intentions was measured using multiple regression. Also, the contribution of perceived value to preference and thus on future buying intention was also measured. Structural Equation Model (SEM) using Amos 4 was used to find the overall fitness of the model. It was found that product quality, service quality and contextual experience have a major influence on customer perceived value
|European Journal of Business and Management,Vol 3, No.3
|Impact of Produ ... ture Buying intentions.pdf
|The paper 'Impact of Quality on Ethics and Social Responsibility in Marketing in Industries in Kerala in the present Indian scenario' highlights the observations, based on a descriptive research carried out in five leading industries in Kerala, in the private and public sector. Ethics and social responsibilities, practiced in these industries, are reflected in the results of the survey conducted on specific queries like awareness of products/services provided by them, total understanding of the requirements of the customer, open discussion on technical matters, accountability of employees to the society and social needs, consumer ethics vis a vis business ethics etc. Team working goes a long way, in building relations, which in turn, results in a progressive and effective marketing strategy. This assumes paramount importance, considering the severe competition we are facing in the light of liberalization, privatization and globalization, which encompasses the globe. The prediction of India becoming a lead nation, along with USA, China and Japan, in this decade, can get fructified only if we follow a very high standards of ethics and social responsibility, in all domains including marketing. Organizations like TRW.Rane, Sundaram Fasteners, TVS Motors, in Chennai are a few among others in India, who have achieved the highest distinction in quality viz Deming Prize, and these demonstrate their commitment to quality, society and humanity at large. Cost effectiveness, without jeopardizing quality has become the need of the hour and MRTP has become history. This trait is being brought out through the survey and the results speak for themselves. Unethical practices like switch and bait, not only brings shame to the organization, and country but also results in the company getting wiped out from the market. Adherence to standards like ISO 14000 helps to maintain the minimum level of social responsibility and environmental friendliness. Like quality audit, safety audit etc, social audit is being insisted in all progressive countries to ensure that the organization comply with the minimum statutory requirements. The paper also touches upon Corporate Social Responsibility practiced in the industries and this becomes crystal clear through their commitment to improve the community. Green Marketing lays a lot of importance on the three Rs of environmentalism viz Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. The objective of any business is to achieve optimal profit and this is possible only by reducing the cost as well as waste. In this context, management tools like brainstorming, suggestion schemes, benchmarking etc becomes helpful. These characteristics are brought out through the analysis of survey results. The conclusions drawn throw a lot of information on the desirable practices with respect to Ethics and Social Responsibility in Marketing
|International Marketing Conference on Marketing & Society, 8-10 April, 2007, IIMK
|Impact of Quali ... resent Indian Scenario.pdf
|This study provides an overview of fish and fishery products exports from India as a whole before focusing on the fish and fishery products sector in Kerala. The food safety and other technical requirements facing Indian exporters of fish and fishery products are then reviewed. The remainder of the study explores experiences with food safety controls, in particular across Kerala's major export markets, examining the efforts made by the Indian government and the impact on the processing sector as a whole and the preprocessing sector in particular. Finally, the remaining challenges faced by the fish and fishery products sector in Kerala as well as India as a whole are assessed in the context of the manner in which both the government and exporters have responded to changes in food safety and other requirements in major export markets
|Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper
|Impact of Sanit ... dia The Case of Kerala.pdf
|In this thesis we have studied a few models involving self-generation of priorities. Priority queues have been extensively discussed in literature. However, these are situations involving priority assigned to (or possessed by) customers at the time of their arrival. Nevertheless, customers generating into priority is a common phenomena. Such situations especially arise at a physicians clinic, aircrafts hovering over airport running out of fuel but waiting for clearance to land and in several communication systems. Quantification of these are very little seen in literature except for those cited in some of the work indicated in the introduction. Our attempt is to quantify a few of such problems. In doing so, we have also generalized the classical priority queues by introducing priority generation ( going to higher priorities and during waiting). Systematically we have proceeded from single server queue to multi server queue. We also introduced customers with repeated attempts (retrial) generating priorities. All models that were analyzed in this thesis involve nonpreemptive service. Since the models are not analytically tractable, a large number of numerical illustrations were produced in each chapter to get a feel about the working of the systems.
|Department of Mathematics, Cochin University of Science and Technology
|Thangam Jacob 1984.PDF
|The major objective of the researcher was to assess the gains or losses in relationship between spouses after sterilization of the wife. The second objective was to gauge the impact of sterilisation upon parent—child relationships. Factors that were responsible in motivating women to accept sterilization were subjected to enquiry with the conviction that the information would give insight into the inadequacies of the official Family Planning Programme, offering prospects for feasible and salutary changes. The report is arranged under six chapters. The first chapter, Introduction, has three parts. The global and natural dimension of the problem of population is considered in Part I; The Importance of the topic studied namely sterilisation is discussed in the second Part: and Part III explains the background and methodology %f the study. The second chapter is a description of tubecto~ mized women who were the respondents. Their personal and family data, economic, social, educational and demographic profilesform its contents. The direct and indirect influences that were-responsible to make women decide in favour of sterilization are dealt with in the Third chapter. The Fourth Chapter is an analysis of the interspouse relations pre and post—operatively and an assessment of gains and losses in the area subsequent to sterilisation. How children have benefitted physically and emotionally as a consequence of improved care/attention from parents post~operatively constitutes the analysis attempted in the Fifth chapter.
|School of Management Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology
|Impact of teak and eucalypt monoculture on soils in the highlands of kerala .The thesis is arranged under nine chapters. The first chapter introduces the topic, reviews the literature pertaining to the study and presents the aims and objectives of the study. The second chapter briefly describes the study location. experimental design and sampling methodology. The third chapter deals with physical properties of plantation soils. The fourth and fifth chapters cover the chemical properties and macro- and micro nutrient status in plantation soils. The organic matter fractions in plantation soils are described in sixth chapter. First part of the seventh chapter presents the results of factor analysis and the second part deals with fertility index of plantations. All these chapters are self-contained with separate introduction, materials and methods and results and discussions. A general discussion of the results is included in the eighth chapter. The ninth chapter includes conclusions and summary A study that traces the variation in physical and chemical properties and nutrient status of teak soils with age of plantations, till the end of a rotation period is thus highly pertinent. Such a study, with an adjacent natural forest as a reference stand will not only generate information that will help us to understand the pattern of variation in soil properties, but will also aid us in formulating better management strategies. The data generated by such a study will be more useful if accompanied by information on soil changes following a short rotation plantation crop. As Eucalypt, a short rotation crop is the second major plantation crop in Kerala, it was chosen for the study.
|Soil Science discipline, SNPFM Division Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi
|Ajith Kuamar N 1985.PDF
|The present study examines the type of NTMs, especially the quality regulations and safety standards encountered by the marine product exports of Kerala in its major import markets of the EU, the US and Japan. An analysis of whether the safety and quality standards prescribed by these developed countries on the imported fish and fishery products are purely based on risk assessment and scientific evidence or are they erected as disguised barriers to trade is attempted
|Department of Applied Economics Cochin University of Science and Technology
|The thesis gives a general introduction about the topic include India, the spatial and temporal variation of the surface meteorological parameters are dealt in detail. The general pattern of the winds over the region in different seasons and the generation and movements of the thermally and dynamically originated local wind systems of Western Ghats region has been studied. The modification of the prevailing winds over region by the Palghat Gap and its effect on the mouth regions pf the gap is analysed in great depth. The thesis gives the information of climatic elements of the mountain region such as energy budgets, rainfall studies, evaporation and condensation and the variation in the heat fluxes over the region. The impact of orography is studied in a different approach. The type of hypothetical study gives more insight into the control of mountain on the distribution of meteorological parameter over the study region and helps to quantify the impact of the mountain in varying the weather climate of region. The detailed study of the hydro-meteorological aspects of the main river basins of the region also should be included to the climatic studies for the total understanding of the weather and climate over the region.
|Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles (x=0-1) were synthesized by wet chemical co-precipitation techniques. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were effectively utilized to investigate the different structural parameters. The elemental analysis was conducted using energy-dispersive spectrum and inductively coupled plasma analysis. The magnetic properties such as magnetization and coercivity were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer. The observed magnetization values of the nanoparticles were found to be lower compared to the bulk counterpart. The magnetization showed a gradual decrease with zinc substitution except for a small increase from x=0.2 to 0.3. The Curie temperature was found to be enhanced in the case of ferrites in the nanoregime. The variation in lattice constant, reduced magnetization values, variation of magnetization with zinc substitution, the presence of a net magnetic moment for the zinc ferrite and the enhancement in Curie temperature in Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 all provide evidence to the existence of a metastable cation distribution together with possible surface effects at the nanoregime.
|The study revealed that southwest monsoon rainfall in Kerala has been declining while increasing in post monsoon season. The annual rainfall exhibits a cyclic trend of 40-60 years, with a significant decline in recent decades. The intensity of climatological droughts was increasing across the State of Kerala through it falls under heavy rainfall zone due to unimodal rainfall pattern. The moisture index across the State of Kerala was moving from B4 to B3 humid, indicating that the State was moving from wetness to dryness within the humid climate.The study confirms that a warming Kerala is real as maximum, minimum and mean temperatures and temperature ranges are increasing. The rate of increase in maximum temperature was high (1.46°C) across the high ranges, followed by the coastal belt (1.09°C) of Kerala while the rate of increase was relatively marginal (0.25°C) across the midlands. The rate of increase in temperature across the high ranges is probably high because of deforestation. It indicates that the highranges and coastal belts in Kerala are vulnerable to global warming and climate change when compared to midlands.Interestingly, the trend in annual rainfall is increasing at Pampadumpara (Idukki), while declining at Ambalavayal across the highranges. In the case of maximum temperature, it was showing increasing trend at Pampadumpara while declining trend at Ambalavayal. In the case of minimum temperature it is declining at Pampadumpara while increasing in Ambalavalal.The paddy productivity in Kerala during kharif / virippu is unlikely to decline due to increasing temperature on the basis of long term climate change, but likely to decline to a considerable extent due to prolonged monsoon season, followed by unusual summer rains as noticed in 2007-08 and 2010-11.All the plantation crops under study are vulnerable to climate variability such as floods and droughts rather than long term changes in temperature and rainfall.
|Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology
|Extending IPv6 to IEEE 802.15.4-based Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks requires efficient header compression mechanisms to adapt to their limited bandwidth, memory and energy constraints. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of an improved header compression scheme which provides better compression of IPv6 multicast addresses and UDP port numbers compared to existing mechanisms. This scheme outperforms the existing compression mechanism in terms of data throughput of the network and energy consumption of nodes. It enhances throughput by up to 8% and reduces transmission energy of nodes by about 5%.
|India Conference (INDICON), 2012 Annual IEEE
|Implementation ... ompression for 6LoWPAN.pdf
Now showing items 1454-1473 of 4101Next Page
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Current Jobs List
Pre-Sales GIS Technical Solutions Specialist - National Security
- Organization
- Esri Canada
- Contact
- Visit www.esri.ca under company/careers tab
Submit your resume quoting file number 2015-012
Apply on website or email email@example.com (Microsoft Word or PDF format).
- Expires
- 2015-12-31
Esri Canada Limited has an immediate requirement in the NCR office for a Pre Sales Technical Solutions Specialist to support the sales efforts in the Defence, Intelligence, Security and Public Safety sectors. This position will report to the NCR Regional Director and work closely with the NCR Account Managers, Industry Managers and Professional Services Manager to demonstrate ArcGIS based template solutions and provide GIS technical advice to clients and business partners.
Pre-Sales Technical Solutions Specialist responsibilities include:
Pre-sales activities are designed to lead to the sale of products and services offered by Esri Canada. These activities are performed during sales calls, site visits, seminars, proposals, trade shows etc...
• Team up with account managers and industry managers to provide technical support and generate sales for key and emerging accounts.
• Advise customers on GIS requirements and strategies, architectures, products selection, and release planning.
• Leverage existing ArcGIS industry solutions and deliver effective demonstrations of ArcGIS products and solutions that address client needs and competitive situations.
• Work with the Esri Redlands development group, Esri Washington DC National Government team, Esri Canada's Technology Strategy Group and Business Partners as required to design, develop and maintain National Security solution demonstrations.
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Post-sales activities are designed to continue and expand the use of products and services offered by Esri Canada and generate additional sales, development of good references, creation of customer satisfaction, and enhancement of Esri Canada's image as a solutions provider.
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Competencies in the following are essential:
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Considered as assets for this position are the following:
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Technical Security Specialist (TSS)
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