text:
Mays, Larry W.
CHAPTER 5 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATION: APPLICATION OF SIMULATED ANNEALING Fred E. Goldman Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 5.1 INTRODUCTION The operation of water distribution systems affects the water quality in these systems. EPA regulations require that water quality be maintained
Virtualizing Operating Systems for Seamless Distributed Environments
Dasgupta, Partha
Virtualizing Operating Systems for Seamless Distributed Environments 1 Tom Boyd and Partha Dasgupta of the "Computing Communities" project, a joint effort between Arizona State University and New York University. Abstract Applications and operating systems can be augmented with extra functionality by injecting
Century Electric Distribution System Operations Lorenzo Kristov,1
Low, Steven H.
May 2014 1 21st Century Electric Distribution System Operations Lorenzo Kristov,1 California Independent System Operator Paul De Martini, Caltech Resnick Institute Introduction The electric industry has to provide similar functions for their area of responsibility. Many states also opened retail electricity
PhD Recent Graduates with background in Distributed Systems. Virtualization, Distributed Systems, Application Servers or Operating Systems
Plotkin, Joshua B.
and maintenance support of the project. * Work closely with internal SAP associates, external partnersPhD Recent Graduates with background in Distributed Systems. Virtualization, Distributed Systems, Application Servers or Operating Systems Global Business Incubator Location Ł Palo Alto PURPOSE
Distribution of Wind Power Forecasting Errors from Operational Systems (Presentation)
Hodge, B. M.; Ela, E.; Milligan, M.
This presentation offers new data and statistical analysis of wind power forecasting errors in operational systems.
Fuzzy logic based operated device identification in power distribution systems
Manivannan, Karthick Muthu
by the po~er lines and the other components of distribution systems make them vulnerable to various factors like weather, disturbances caused by animals or human activity, overloading of the system and the aging of or defect in, the components...
Impact of Utility-Scale Distributed Wind on Transmission-Level System Operations
Brancucci Martinez-Anido, C.; Hodge, B. M.
This report presents a new renewable integration study that aims to assess the potential for adding distributed wind to the current power system with minimal or no upgrades to the distribution or transmission electricity systems. It investigates the impacts of integrating large amounts of utility-scale distributed wind power on bulk system operations by performing a case study on the power system of the Independent System Operator-New England (ISO-NE).
Impact of dispersed solar and wind systems on electric distribution planning and operation
Boardman, R.W.; Patton, R.; Curtice, D.H.
Small-scale dispersed solar photovoltaic and wind generation (DSW) will affect the generation, transmission, and distribution systems of an electric utility. This study examines the technical and economic impacts of dispersing DSW devices within the distribution system. Dispersed intermittent generation is included. Effects of DSW devices on capital investments, reliability, operating and maintenance costs, protection requirements, and communication and control requirements are examined. A DSW operation model is developed to help determine the dependable capacity of fluctuating solar photovoltaic and wind generation as part of the distribution planning process. Specific case studies using distribution system data and renewable resource data for Southern California Edison Company and Consumers Power Company are analyzed to gain insights into the effects of interconnecting DSW devices. The DSW devices were found to offer some distribution investment savings, depending on their availability during peak loads. For a summer-peaking utility, for example, dispersing photovoltaic systems is more likely to defer distribution capital investments than dispersing wind systems. Dispersing storage devices to increase DSW's dependable capacity for distribution systems needs is not economically attractive. Substation placement of DSW and storage devices is found to be more cost effective than feeder or customer placement. Examination of the effects of DSW on distribution system operation showed that small customer-owned DSW devices are not likely to disrupt present time-current distribution protection coordination. Present maintenance work procedures, are adequate to ensure workmen's safety. Regulating voltages within appropriate limits will become more complex with intermittent generation along the distribution feeders.
Impact of Distributed Wind on Bulk Power System Operations in ISO-NE (Presentation)
Brancucci Martinez-Anido, C.; Hodge, B. M.; Palchak, D.; Miettinen, J.
The work presented in the paper corresponding to this presentation aims to study the impact of a range of penetration levels of distributed wind on the operation of the electric power system at the transmission level. This presentation is an overview of a case study on the power system in Independent System Operator New England. It is analyzed using PLEXOS, a commercial power system simulation tool
Economics of design and operation of overhead electric distribution systems
Cox, Carl Clarence
and high tension transmission systems. From the day of the direct current systems, where the amount of the load governed the size of the conductor, to the present day systems of 11 kv, the prac- tice has been to build a system to give service.... It is just as important to mske sure th!t the conductors and pole line hardw . re are of sufzicient strength to withstand the same hardships. The selection of material i" governed more or less by what h s been tried or tested by other engineers. As a...
Water Distribution and Wastewater Systems Operators (North Dakota)
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
All public water supply and wastewater disposal systems are subject to classification and regulation by the State of North Dakota, and must obtain certification from the State Department of Health.
Operation and Control of Distribution Systems with high level integration of Renewable Generation units
Bak-Jensen, Birgitte
models Probabilistic methodologies are being applied to power system analysis since 70' [9] becauseOperation and Control of Distribution Systems with high level integration of Renewable Generation. Diagonal 649 Pavell¾ A, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Summary Traditional power systems have a hierarchical
Impact of Distributed Wind on Bulk Power System Operations in ISO-NE: Preprint
Brancucci Martinez-Anido, C.; Hodge, B. M.; Palchak, D.; Miettinen, J.
The work presented in this paper aims to study the impact of a range of penetration levels of distributed wind on the operation of the electric power system at the transmission level. This paper presents a case study on the power system in Independent System Operator New England. It is analyzed using PLEXOS, a commercial power system simulation tool. The results show that increasing the integration of distributed wind reduces total variable electricity generation costs, coal- and gas-fired electricity generation, electricity imports, and CO2 emissions, and increases wind curtailment. The variability and uncertainty of wind power also increases the start-up and shutdown costs and ramping of most conventional power plants.
Daylight operation of a free space, entanglement-based quantum key distribution system
Peloso, Matthew P; Ho, Caleb; Lamas-Linares, Antia; Kurtsiefer, Christian
Many quantum key distribution (QKD) implementations using a free space transmission path are restricted to operation at night time in order to distinguish the signal photons used for a secure key establishment from background light. Here, we present a lean entanglement-based QKD system overcoming that imitation. By implementing spectral, spatial and temporal filtering techniques, we were able to establish a secure key continuously over several days under varying light and weather conditions.
Daylight operation of a free space, entanglement-based quantum key distribution system
Matthew P. Peloso; Ilja Gerhardt; Caleb Ho; Antia Lamas-Linares; Christian Kurtsiefer
Many quantum key distribution (QKD) implementations using a free space transmission path are restricted to operation at night time in order to distinguish the signal photons used for a secure key establishment from background light. Here, we present a lean entanglement-based QKD system overcoming that imitation. By implementing spectral, spatial and temporal filtering techniques, we were able to establish a secure key continuously over several days under varying light and weather conditions.
Evaluation of the ISUS Power Management and Distribution System Under Operational Conditions
Button, R.M.; Luker, S.M.; Nelson, MAJ R.C.; Wyant, F.J.
An operational evaluation of the Integrated Solar Upper Stage (ISUS) power management and distribution (PMAD) system was conducted as part of the Engine Ground Demonstration thermionic power system test program-- START-3. START-3 testing took place at the Baikal Test Stand, located in the University of New Mexico's Energy Conversion Research Laboratory at the New Mexico Engineering Research Institute in Albuquerque, NM. One objective of this test was to evaluate the operational performance of the lSUS PMAD system developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center. Tests of the PMAD with the ISUS diode string demonstrated that the PMAD could regulate the output of an array of thermionic converters within the design requirements and couId be modified to optimize performance for diode strings of fewer than 16 diodes.
Pipeline safety. Information on gas distribution system operators reporting unaccounted for gas
Not Available
According to Department of Transportation records, 92 of the 1491 gas distribution system operators reported high levels of unaccounted for gas (unaccounted for gas is the difference between the amount of gas purchased and sold) for 1984, the latest year for which data were available. Of the 92 gas system operators, 64 were municipals (gas systems owned by a governmental entity, such as a city or county) and 28 were nonmunicipals. Based on the data we reviewed, these 92 gas systems did not report any accidents during calendar year 1984. Part I provides more details on the unaccounted for gas of municipal gas systems. Federal and industry officials consider that unaccounted for gas in excess of 15% of gas purchases high and worthy of investigation. High levels of unaccounted for gas can occur for a number of reasons, including errors in metering and billing, not accounting for gas used by city or company facilities, and leaking gas pipelines. While it may, a leak does not always indicate a safety problem. For example, a slow leak in an open area may not be a safety hazard. The Secretary has the authority to regulate any liquid deemed hazardous when transported by pipeline, and therefore could regulate hazardous liquids not currently regulated including methanol and carbon dioxide. However, the Department of Transportation has no plans to regulate any additional liquids. Part II provides more details. 4 figs., 2 tabs.
An efficient algorithm for load balancing of transformers and feeders by switch operation in large scale distribution systems
Aoki, K. (Hiroshima Univ., Higashihiroshima (JP)); Kuwabara, H. (Kinki Univ., Kure (JP)); Satoh, T. (Hiroshima Univ., Higashihiroshima (JP)); Kanezashi, M. (Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota (JP))
This paper presents a systematic and practical algorithm for load balancing of transformers and feeders by automatic sectionalizing switch operation in large scale distribution systems of radial type. The algorithm is developed by extending an approximation algorithm for load transfer of desired two transformers. The algorithm proposed here is applicable to operations not only in normal state, but also in scheduled and failure outage states. Computational experience on a real large scale system has indicated that the algorithm is valid and effective for practical operations.
CO2017 Operating Systems, Networks and Distributed Systems Credits: 20 Convenor: Dr. S. Yang Semester: 2nd
Yang, Shengxiang
Study: 90 hours Subject Knowledge Aims To understand the role, structure and basic design of computer operating systems; the fundamental theory and practice of networks; and the theory and design of systems; hardware features; interrupts; kernal mode. User interface Model of user interface; sytem calls; command
Distributed generation and demand side management : applications to transmission system operationĀ
Hayes, Barry Patrick
Electricity networks are undergoing a period of rapid change and transformation, with increased penetration levels of renewable-based distributed generation, and new influences on electricity end-use patterns from ...
Measuring Advances in HVAC Distribution System Design
Franconi, E.
Gabel and Andresen, HVAC Secondary Toolkil. Atlanta: ASHRAE,P_02 Measuring Advances in HVAC Distribution System Designdesign and operation of the HVAC thermal distribution system
Correction of beam wander for a free-space quantum key distribution system operating in urban environment
Alberto Carrasco-Casado; Natalia Denisenko; Veronica Fernandez
Free-space quantum key distribution links in urban environment have demanding operating needs, such as functioning in daylight and under atmospheric turbulence, which can dramatically impact their performance. Both effects are usually mitigated with a careful design of the field of view of the receiver. However, a trade-off is often required, since a narrow field of view improves background noise rejection but it is linked to an increase in turbulence-related losses. In this paper, we present a high-speed automatic tracking system to overcome these limitations. Both a reduction in the field-of-view to decrease the background noise and the mitigation of the losses caused by atmospheric turbulence are addressed. Two different designs are presented and discussed, along with technical considerations for the experimental implementation. Finally, preliminary experimental results of beam wander correction are used to estimate the potential improvement of both the quantum bit error rate and secret key rate of a free space quantum key distribution system.
Maintenance-free Operation of WDM Quantum Key Distribution System through a Field Fiber over 30 Days
Ken-ichiro Yoshino; Takao Ochi; Mikio Fujiwara; Masahide Sasaki; Akio Tajima
Maintenance-free wavelength-division-multiplexing quantum key distribution for 30 days was achieved through a 22-km field fiber. Using polarization-independent interferometers and stabilization techniques, we attained a quantum bit error rate as low as 1.70% and a key rate as high as 229.8 kbps, making the record of total secure key of 595.6 Gbits accumulated over an uninterrupted operation period.
Distributed Generation Operational Reliability and Availability...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Reliability and Availability Database, Final Report, January 2004 Distributed Generation Operational Reliability and Availability Database, Final Report, January 2004 This final...
A reliability assessment methodology for distribution systems with distributed generation
Duttagupta, Suchismita Sujaya
Reliability assessment is of primary importance in designing and planning distribution systems that operate in an economic manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. With the advances in renewable energy sources, Distributed Generation (DG...
Distributed Theorem Proving for Distributed Hybrid Systems
Platzer, Andrķ
system with a varying number of arbitrarily many cars. 1 Introduction Hybrid systems with joint discrete a multi-agent system, e.g., distributed car control systems. Such systems form distributed hybrid systemsDistributed Theorem Proving for Distributed Hybrid Systems David W. Renshaw, Sarah M. Loos
Introduction to Distributed Systems
Pous, Damien
1 Introduction to Distributed Systems Fabienne Boyer, LIG, email@example.com Sources: Cours d'Olivier Gruber, Sacha Krakowiak, Sara Bouchenak, UJF Fabienne Boyer, Distributed Programming 2 Objectives Study conceptual and practical aspects of distributed systems l Client-server model l Distributed protocols l
FRIB cryogenic distribution system
Ganni, V.; Dixon, K.; Laverdure, N.; Knudsen, P.; Arenius, D. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), Newport News, VA 23606 (United States); Barrios, M.; Jones, S.; Johnson, M.; Casagrande, F. [Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States)
The Michigan State University Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (MSU-FRIB) helium distribution system has been revised to include bayonet/warm valve type disconnects between each cryomodule and the transfer line distribution system, similar to the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) cryogenic distribution systems. The heat loads at various temperature levels and some of the features in the design of the distribution system are outlined. The present status, the plans for fabrication, and the procurement approach for the helium distribution system are also included.
FRIB cryogenic distribution system
Ganni, Venkatarao [JLAB; Dixon, Kelly D. [JLAB; Laverdure, Nathaniel A. [JLAB; Knudsen, Peter N. [JLAB; Arenius, Dana M. [JLAB; Barrios, Matthew N. [Michigan State; Jones, S. [Michigan State; Johnson, M. [Michigan State; Casagrande, Fabio [Michigan State
The Michigan State University Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (MSU-FRIB) helium distribution system has been revised to include bayonet/warm valve type disconnects between each cryomodule and the transfer line distribution system, similar to the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) cryogenic distribution systems. The heat loads at various temperature levels and some of the features in the design of the distribution system are outlined. The present status, the plans for fabrication, and the procurement approach for the helium distribution system are also included.
Distributed scheduling for efficient HVAC precooling operations
Yang, Su
of supply and return fans for HVAC systems under di?erentOp- timal Scheduling of HVAC Pre-cooling Operations withScheduling for E?cient HVAC Pre-cooling Operations ? Yang
Integrated Retail & Wholesale Power System Operation
Tesfatsion, Leigh
Integrated Retail & Wholesale Power System Operation with Smart-Grid Functionality PIs: Dionysios Retail/Wholesale Power System Operation with Smart-Grid Functionality Project PIs: Dionysios Aliprantis (open-source release): AMES Wholesale Power Market Testbed (ISU) + GridLAB-D distribution platform (DOE
Hybrid solar lighting distribution systems and components
Muhs, Jeffrey D. (Lenoir City, TN); Earl, Dennis D. (Knoxville, TN); Beshears, David L. (Knoxville, TN); Maxey, Lonnie C. (Powell, TN); Jordan, John K. (Oak Ridge, TN); Lind, Randall F. (Lenoir City, TN)
A hybrid solar lighting distribution system and components having at least one hybrid solar concentrator, at least one fiber receiver, at least one hybrid luminaire, and a light distribution system operably connected to each hybrid solar concentrator and each hybrid luminaire. A controller operates all components.
VAXclusters: A Closely-Coupled Distributed System
Anderson, Richard
of VAX computers that operate as a single system. To achieve performance in a multicomputer environment designed. The software is a distributed version of the VAX/VMS operating system that uses a distributed efficient, for example, capable of sending and receiving 3000 messages per second on a VAX-11
Cooling water distribution system
Orr, Richard (Pittsburgh, PA)
A passive containment cooling system for a nuclear reactor containment vessel. Disclosed is a cooling water distribution system for introducing cooling water by gravity uniformly over the outer surface of a steel containment vessel using an interconnected series of radial guide elements, a plurality of circumferential collector elements and collector boxes to collect and feed the cooling water into distribution channels extending along the curved surface of the steel containment vessel. The cooling water is uniformly distributed over the curved surface by a plurality of weirs in the distribution channels.
A reliability assessment methodology for distribution systems with distributed generationĀ
Duttagupta, Suchismita Sujaya
Reliability assessment is of primary importance in designing and planning distribution systems that operate in an economic manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. With the advances in renewable energy sources, ...
Real time detection and correction of distribution feeder operational problems
Subramanian, A.K.; Huang, J.C.
The paper presents a new technique that detects and corrects distribution operational problems using closed loop control of substation transformers, capacitors and reactors by an online computer. This allows the distribution system to be operated close to its capacity without sacrificing the quality of power supply. Such operations help defer the additional cost of installing new substations. The technique integrates the Distribution Feeder Analysis (DFA) and the Distribution Substation Control (DSC) functions to achieve this. The DFA function provides the topology and power flow results for the feeders using the substation real time measurements. It does not require feeder section measurements. The realtime feeder results are used in detecting any currently existing feeder operational problems such as feeder section voltages and currents outside their limits. The detected feeder problems are transformed into substation distribution bus objectives and then corrected by the DSC function using controls available at the substation. The DSC function has been performing successfully for several years at Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO) in Washington, D.C. It uses a closed loop control scheme that controls the substation transformer taps and shunt capacitor and reactor breakers and optimizes the substation operation. By combining the DFA and DSC functions into a single function and with proper transformation of feeder problems into substation objectives, a new closed loop control scheme for the substation controls is achieved. This scheme corrects the detected feeder problems and optimizes the substation operation. This technique is implemented and tested using the actual substation and feeder models of PEPCO.
Development of an Integrated Distribution Management System
Schatz, Joe E.
This final report details the components, functionality, costs, schedule and benefits of developing an Integrated Distribution Management System (IDMS) for power distribution system operation. The Distribution Automation (DA) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems used by electric power companies to manage the distribution of electric power to retail energy consumers are vital components of the NationÆs critical infrastructure. Providing electricity is an essential public service and a disruption in that service, if not quickly restored, could threaten the public safety and the NationÆs economic security. Our NationÆs economic prosperity and quality of life have long depended on the essential services that utilities provide; therefore, it is necessary to ensure that electric utilities are able to conduct their operations safely and efficiently. A fully integrated technology of applications is needed to link various remote sensing, communications and control devices with other information tools that help guide Power Distribution Operations personnel. A fully implemented IDMS will provide this, a seamlessly integrated set of applications to raise electric system operating intelligence. IDMS will enhance DA and SCADA through integration of applications such as Geographic Information Systems, Outage Management Systems, Switching Management and Analysis, Operator Training Simulator, and other Advanced Applications, including unbalanced load flow and fault isolation/service restoration. These apps are capable of utilizing and obtaining information from appropriately installed DER, and by integrating disparate systems, the Distribution Operators will benefit from advanced capabilities when analyzing, controlling and operating the electric system.
SPECTR System Operational Test Report
W.H. Landman Jr.
This report overviews installation of the Small Pressure Cycling Test Rig (SPECTR) and documents the system operational testing performed to demonstrate that it meets the requirements for operations. The system operational testing involved operation of the furnace system to the design conditions and demonstration of the test article gas supply system using a simulated test article. The furnace and test article systems were demonstrated to meet the design requirements for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant. Therefore, the system is deemed acceptable and is ready for actual test article testing.
Transportation System Concept of Operations
N. Slater-Thompson
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (NWPA), as amended, authorized the DOE to develop and manage a Federal system for the disposal of SNF and HLW. OCRWM was created to manage acceptance and disposal of SNF and HLW in a manner that protects public health, safety, and the environment; enhances national and energy security; and merits public confidence. This responsibility includes managing the transportation of SNF and HLW from origin sites to the Repository for disposal. The Transportation System Concept of Operations is the core high-level OCRWM document written to describe the Transportation System integrated design and present the vision, mission, and goals for Transportation System operations. By defining the functions, processes, and critical interfaces of this system early in the system development phase, programmatic risks are minimized, system costs are contained, and system operations are better managed, safer, and more secure. This document also facilitates discussions and understanding among parties responsible for the design, development, and operation of the Transportation System. Such understanding is important for the timely development of system requirements and identification of system interfaces. Information provided in the Transportation System Concept of Operations includes: the functions and key components of the Transportation System; system component interactions; flows of information within the system; the general operating sequences; and the internal and external factors affecting transportation operations. The Transportation System Concept of Operations reflects OCRWM's overall waste management system policies and mission objectives, and as such provides a description of the preferred state of system operation. The description of general Transportation System operating functions in the Transportation System Concept of Operations is the first step in the OCRWM systems engineering process, establishing the starting point for the lower level descriptions. of subsystems and components, and the Transportation System Requirements Document. Other program and system documents, plans, instructions, and detailed designs will be consistent with and informed by the Transportation System Concept of Operations. The Transportation System Concept of Operations is a living document, enduring throughout the OCRWM systems engineering lifecycle. It will undergo formal approval and controlled revisions as appropriate while the Transportation System matures. Revisions will take into account new policy decisions, new information available through system modeling, engineering investigations, technical analyses and tests, and the introduction of new technologies that can demonstrably improve system performance.
SNS Target Systems Operational
McDonald, Kirk
a failed gas seal on the shaft and leaking oil seals but has operated well since then ┬Ę The moderator 7.5 k First target replacement ┬Ę No observed corrosion ┬Ę Internal Boroscope examination in progress ┬Ę ~ 50 mm
Distributed Optimization System
Hurtado, John E. (Albuquerque, NM); Dohrmann, Clark R. (Albuquerque, NM); Robinett, III, Rush D. (Tijeras, NM)
A search system and method for controlling multiple agents to optimize an objective using distributed sensing and cooperative control. The search agent can be one or more physical agents, such as a robot, and can be software agents for searching cyberspace. The objective can be: chemical sources, temperature sources, radiation sources, light sources, evaders, trespassers, explosive sources, time dependent sources, time independent sources, function surfaces, maximization points, minimization points, and optimal control of a system such as a communication system, an economy, a crane, and a multi-processor computer.
Distributed Generation Operational Reliability, Executive Summary...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
2004 This report summarizes the results of the project, "Distributed Generation Market Transformation Tools: Distributed Generation Reliability and Availability Database,"...
Distributed computing systems programme
Duce, D.
Publication of this volume coincides with the completion of the U.K. Science and Engineering Research Council's coordinated programme of research in Distributed Computing Systems (DCS) which ran from 1977 to 1984. The volume is based on presentations made at the programme's final conference. The first chapter explains the origins and history of DCS and gives an overview of the programme and its achievements. The remaining sixteen chapters review particular research themes (including imperative and declarative languages, and performance modelling), and describe particular research projects in technical areas including local area networks, design, development and analysis of concurrent systems, parallel algorithm design, functional programming and non-von Neumann computer architectures.
Quality monitored distributed voting system
Skogmo, D.
A quality monitoring system can detect certain system faults and fraud attempts in a distributed voting system. The system uses decoy voters to cast predetermined check ballots. Absent check ballots can indicate system faults. Altered check ballots can indicate attempts at counterfeiting votes. The system can also cast check ballots at predetermined times to provide another check on the distributed voting system. 6 figs.
Quality monitored distributed voting system
Skogmo, David (Albuquerque, NM)
A quality monitoring system can detect certain system faults and fraud attempts in a distributed voting system. The system uses decoy voters to cast predetermined check ballots. Absent check ballots can indicate system faults. Altered check ballots can indicate attempts at counterfeiting votes. The system can also cast check ballots at predetermined times to provide another check on the distributed voting system.
Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems: Spray Distribution System
Lesikar, Bruce J.
Spray distribution systems for wastewater are much like lawn sprinkler systems, in that they spray treated wastewater over the surface of a yard. This publication explains how spray distribution systems work, what their design requirements are...
Distributed road assessment system
Beer, N. Reginald; Paglieroni, David W
A system that detects damage on or below the surface of a paved structure or pavement is provided. A distributed road assessment system includes road assessment pods and a road assessment server. Each road assessment pod includes a ground-penetrating radar antenna array and a detection system that detects road damage from the return signals as the vehicle on which the pod is mounted travels down a road. Each road assessment pod transmits to the road assessment server occurrence information describing each occurrence of road damage that is newly detected on a current scan of a road. The road assessment server maintains a road damage database of occurrence information describing the previously detected occurrences of road damage. After the road assessment server receives occurrence information for newly detected occurrences of road damage for a portion of a road, the road assessment server determines which newly detected occurrences correspond to which previously detected occurrences of road damage.
Smart Grid - Transforming Power System Operations
Widergren, Steven E.; Kirkham, Harold
AbstractŚElectric power systems are entering a new realm of operations. Large amounts of variable generation tax our ability to reliably operate the system. Couple this with a greater reliance on the electricity network to serve consumer demand that is likely to rise significantly even as we drive for greater efficiency. Trade-offs between energy and environmental needs will be constantly negotiated, while a reliable supply of electricity needs even greater assurance in a world where threats of disruption have risen. Smart grid capabilities are being proposed to help address the challenges confronting system operations. This paper reviews the impact of smart grid functionality on transforming power system operations. It explores models for distributed energy resources (DER ¢ generation, storage, and load) that are appearing on the system. It reviews the evolving nature of electricity markets to deal with this complexity and a change of emphasis on signals from these markets to affect power system control. Smart grid capabilities will also impact reliable operations, while cyber security issues must be addressed as a culture change that influences all system design, implementation, and maintenance. Lastly, the paper explores significant questions for further research and the need for a simulation environment that supports such investigation and informs deployments to mitigate operational issues as they arise.
Measurement of Species Distributions in Operating Fuel Cells
Partridge Jr, William P [ORNL; Toops, Todd J [ORNL; Parks, II, James E [ORNL; Armstrong, Timothy R. [ORNL
Measurement and understanding of transient species distributions across and within fuel cells is a critical need for advancing fuel cell technology. The Spatially Resolved Capillary Inlet Mass Spectrometer (SpaciMS) instrument has been applied for in-situ measurement of transient species distributions within operating reactors; including diesel catalyst, air-exhaust mixing systems, and non-thermal plasma reactors. The work described here demonstrates the applicability of this tool to proton exchange membrane (PEM) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) research. Specifically, we have demonstrated SpaciMS measurements of (1) transient species dynamics across a PEM fuel cell (FC) associated with load switching, (2) intra-PEM species distributions, and transient species dynamics at SOFC temperatures associated with FC load switching.
Operating B. Randell Systems Editor
Han, Richard Y.
.T. Clingen Honeywell Information Systems, Inc.* and R.C. Daley Massachusetts Institute of Technologyt of the Honeywell 645 segmentation and paging hardware. Key Words and Phrases: operating system, Multics, virtual need be in core, and by a combination of both segmentation and paging in the Honeywell 645 [3, 12
System Operation 1 Introduction to System Operation, Optimization, and Control
McCalley, James D.
not be confused with regional transmission organizations (RTOs) indicated in Fig. 0.c (and are generally also disaggregation." The motivation for doing so was to create conditions conducive for competition within this very well. In #12;System Operation 5 bringing marketplace competition to the industry, it was necessary
Electric Grid State Estimators for Distribution Systems with Microgrids
Gupta, Vijay
46556 Emails: {jhuang6,vgupta2,firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract--In the development of smart grid, state] into the distribution systems of the power grid. Such integration complicates the operation of distribution systemsElectric Grid State Estimators for Distribution Systems with Microgrids Jing Huang, Vijay Gupta
Operational benefits of relaxed axial power distribution control limits
Kitlan, M.S. Jr.; Miller, R.W.
Constant axial offset control (CAOC) was developed in the early 1970s in response to lower loss-of-coolant accident-based peaking factor limits. Th CAOC requires control of the axial power distribution within a specified band, typically +/- 5% or +3, -12% axial flux difference (AFD), about a measured target value of AFD. Operational outside of the CAOC limits results in the accumulation of penalty time. One hour of penalty time in any 24-h period is permitted. Although CAOC is sufficient to ensure peaking factor limits are satisfied, operation outside of CAOC limits is beneficial under certain conditions. Allowing a relaxation in CAOC restrictions can be used both to enhance the load follow capability of the plant by allowing control strategies that minimize the boron system duty or increase the return to power capability and to greatly increase the ability to return to power after a plant trip or shutdown. To achieve these benefits, relaxed axial offset control (RAOC) was developed. Other benefits of RAOC include a simplified technical specification and the ability to perform in-core/ex-core calibrations at higher powers. Duke Power Company has benefited in many of these ways by changing from CAOC power distribution limits to RAOC power distribution limits at the McGuire Nuclear Station. One of the chief benefits has been the ability to achieve full power much more quickly following shutdowns of short duration and reactor trips during the last half of the cycle lifetime.
Energy optimization of water distribution system
Not Available
In order to analyze pump operating scenarios for the system with the computer model, information on existing pumping equipment and the distribution system was collected. The information includes the following: component description and design criteria for line booster stations, booster stations with reservoirs, and high lift pumps at the water treatment plants; daily operations data for 1988; annual reports from fiscal year 1987/1988 to fiscal year 1991/1992; and a 1985 calibrated KYPIPE computer model of DWSD`s water distribution system which included input data for the maximum hour and average day demands on the system for that year. This information has been used to produce the inventory database of the system and will be used to develop the computer program to analyze the system.
Formal Specification of Operating System Operations
Black, Paul E.
and Engineering Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL 33431 email@example.com Paul E. Black National Institute system se┬Ł curity policies in the higher┬Łorder logic theorem prover, HOL98 [Gordon (1987)]. Formal spec
A prototype Distributed Audit System
Banning, D.L. [Sparta, Inc., El Segundo, CA (United States)
Security auditing systems are used to detect and assess unauthorized or abusive system usage. Historically, security audits were confined to a single computer system. Recent work examines ways of extending auditing to include heterogeneous groups of computers (distributed system). This paper describes the design and prototype development of a Distributed Audit System (DAS) which was developed with funding received from Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and through the Master`s thesis effort performed by the author at California State University, Long Beach. The DAS is intended to provide collection, transfer, and control of audit data on distributed, heterogeneous hosts.
Distributed Power Control in Wireless Communication Systems
Chronopoulos, Anthony T.
Distributed Power Control in Wireless Communication Systems S. Jagannathan A. T. Chronopoulos, S layered structure in that we jointly address the issue of transmitted power levels in point to point commu the transmitter power at a given node increases not only the operating life of the bat- tery but also the overall
Distributed scheduling for efficient HVAC precooling operations
Yang, Su
heating, ventilating and air conditioning. Springer, J. W.ventilation and air conditioning in buildings. Wiley, 2012.Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systemsÆ in-building
Impact of the spatial laser distribution on photocathode gun operation
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Zhou, Feng; Brachmann, Axel; Emma, Paul; Gilevich, Sasha; Huang, Zhirong
It is widely believed that a drive laser with uniform temporal and spatial laser profiles is required to generate the lowest emittance beam at the photoinjector. However, for a given 3 ps smooth-Gaussian laser temporal profile, our recent simulations indicate that a truncated-Gaussian laser spatial profile produces an electron beam with smaller emittance. The simulation results are qualitatively confirmed by later analytical calculation, and also confirmed by measurements: emittance reduction of ?25% was observed at the linac coherent light source (LCLS) injector with a truncated-Gaussian laser spatial profile at the nominal operating bunch charge of 150 pC. There was a significant secondary benefitŚlaser transmission through the iris for the truncated-Gaussian profile was about twice that compared to the nearly uniform distribution, which significantly loosens the laser power and quantum efficiency requirements for drive laser system and photocathode. Since February 9, 2012, the drive laser with the truncated-Gaussian spatial distribution has been used for LCLS routine user operations and the corresponding free electron laser power is at least the same as the one when using the nearly uniform spatial profile.
Operation of Distributed Generation Under Stochastic Prices
Siddiqui, Afzal S.; Marnay, Chris
We model the operating decisions of a commercial enterprisethatneeds to satisfy its periodic electricity demand with either on-sitedistributed generation (DG) or purchases from the wholesale market. Whilethe former option involves electricity generation at relatively high andpossibly stochastic costs from a set of capacity-constrained DGtechnologies, the latter implies unlimited open-market transactions atstochastic prices. A stochastic dynamic programme (SDP) is used to solvethe resulting optimisation problem. By solving the SDP with and withoutthe availability of DG units, the implied option values of the DG unitsare obtained.
Detection of contamination of municipal water distribution systems
Cooper, John F. (Oakland, CA)
A system for the detection of contaminates of a fluid in a conduit. The conduit is part of a fluid distribution system. A chemical or biological sensor array is connected to the conduit. The sensor array produces an acoustic signal burst in the fluid upon detection of contaminates in the fluid. A supervisory control system connected to the fluid and operatively connected to the fluid distribution system signals the fluid distribution system upon detection of contaminates in the fluid.
Numerical Analysis of a Cold Air Distribution System
Zhu, L.; Li, R.; Yuan, D.
Cold air distribution systems may reduce the operating energy consumption of air-conditioned air supply system and improve the outside air volume percentages and indoor air quality. However, indoor temperature patterns and velocity field are easily...
SUPPLY CHAIN ENGINEER (DISTRIBUTION OPERATIONS) Description
Heller, Barbara
frameworks i.e., HPT (High Performance Teams), Lean, Six Sigma). Partner with and coach team members in the use of structured improvement system techniques like HPT, Lean, Six Sigma and other techniques Sigma, Lean Manufacturing, Statistical Process Control, TQM, ISO 9000, process mapping etc. Strong
Avoiding Distribution System Upgrade Costs Using Distributed Generation
Schienbein, Lawrence A.; Balducci, Patrick J.; Nguyen, Tony B.; Brown, Daryl R.; DeSteese, John G.; Speer, Gregory A.
PNNL, in cooperation with three utilities, developed a database and methodology to analyze and characterize the avoided costs of Distributed Generation (DG) deployment as an alternative to traditional distribution system investment. After applying a number of screening criteria to the initial set of 307 cases, eighteen were selected for detailed analysis. Alternative DG investment scenarios were developed for these cases to permit capital, operation, maintenance, and fuel costs to be identified and incorporated into the analysis. The ōcustomer-ownedö backup power generator option was also investigated. The results of the analysis of the 18 cases show that none yielded cost savings under the alternative DG scenarios. However, the DG alternative systems were configured using very restrictive assumptions concerning reliability, peak rating, engine types and acceptable fuel. In particular it was assumed that the DG alternative in each case must meet the reliability required of conventional distribution systems (99.91% reliability). The analysis was further constrained by a requirement that each substation meet the demands placed upon it by a one in three weather occurrence. To determine if, by relaxing these requirements, the DG alternative might be more viable, one project was re-examined. The 99.91% reliability factor was still assumed for normal operating conditions but redundancy required to maintain reliability was relaxed for the relatively few hours every three years where extreme weather caused load to exceed present substation capacity. This resulted in the deferment of capital investment until later years and reduced the number of engines required for the project. The cost of both the conventional and DG alternative also dropped because the centralized power generation, variable O&M, and DG fuels costs were calculated based on present load requirements in combination with long-term forecasts of load growth, as opposed to load requirements plus a buffer based on predictions of extraordinary weather conditions. Application of the relaxed set of assumptions reduced the total cost of the DG alternative by roughly 57 percent from $7.0 million to $3.0 million. The reduction, however, did not change the overall result of the analysis, as the cost of the conventional distribution system upgrade alternative remained lower at $1.7 million. This paper also explores the feasibility of using a system of backup generators to defer investment in distribution system infrastructure. Rather than expanding substation capacity at substations experiencing slow load growth rates, PNNL considered a scenario where diesel generators were installed on location at customers participating in a program designed to offer additional power security and reliability to the customer and connection to the grid. The backup generators, in turn, could be used to meet peak demand for a limited number of hours each year, thus deferring distribution system investment. Data from an existing program at one of the three participating utilities was used to quantify the costs associated with the backup generator scenario. The results of the ōcustomer ownedö backup power generator analysis showed that in all cases the nominal cost of the DG scenario is more than the nominal cost of the base-case conventional distribution system upgrade scenario. However, in two of the cases the total present value costs of the alternative backup generator scenarios were between 15 and 22% less than those for the conventional scenarios. Overall, the results of the study offer considerable encouragement that the use of DG systems can defer conventional distribution system upgrades under the right conditions and when the DG configurations are intelligently designed. Using existing customer-owned DG to defer distribution system upgrades appears to be an immediate commercially-viable opportunity.
Electric vehicle smart charging and vehicle-to-grid operation, International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, vol. 27, no. 3. March 2012.
California at Los Angeles, University of
Electric vehicle smart charging and vehicle-to-grid operation, International Journal of Parallel operator. Index Terms-- Charge Scheduling, EV, Smart Grid, V2G I. INTRODUCTION One million electric and application to facilitate "smart" charging has been proposed [6], however integration of the mobile component
Constructing Reliable Distributed Communication Systems with CORBA
Schmidt, Douglas C.
Constructing Reliable Distributed Communication Systems with CORBA Silvano Maffeis Douglas C model to support reliable data- and process- oriented distributed systems that communicate through syn distributed object computing systems with CORBA. First, we examine the question of whether reliable applica
Distributed Storage Systems for Data Intensive Computing
Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S [ORNL; Butt, Ali R [Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); Ma, Xiaosong [ORNL
In this chapter, the authors present an overview of the utility of distributed storage systems in supporting modern applications that are increasingly becoming data intensive. Their coverage of distributed storage systems is based on the requirements imposed by data intensive computing and not a mere summary of storage systems. To this end, they delve into several aspects of supporting data-intensive analysis, such as data staging, offloading, checkpointing, and end-user access to terabytes of data, and illustrate the use of novel techniques and methodologies for realizing distributed storage systems therein. The data deluge from scientific experiments, observations, and simulations is affecting all of the aforementioned day-to-day operations in data-intensive computing. Modern distributed storage systems employ techniques that can help improve application performance, alleviate I/O bandwidth bottleneck, mask failures, and improve data availability. They present key guiding principles involved in the construction of such storage systems, associated tradeoffs, design, and architecture, all with an eye toward addressing challenges of data-intensive scientific applications. They highlight the concepts involved using several case studies of state-of-the-art storage systems that are currently available in the data-intensive computing landscape.
Building America Webinar: Ductless Hydronic Distribution Systems...
Building America Webinar: Ductless Hydronic Distribution Systems Building America Webinar: Ductless Hydronic Distribution Systems This webinar was presented by research team...
Air distribution effectiveness with stratified air distribution systems
Chen, Qingyan "Yan"
1 Air distribution effectiveness with stratified air distribution systems Kisup Lee* Zheng Jiang, Ph.D Qingyan Chen, Ph.D. Student Member ASHRAE Fellow ASHRAE ABSTRACT Stratified air distribution systems such as Traditional Displacement Ventilation (TDV) and Under- Floor Air Distribution (UFAD
CIS 380 Operating Systems Course Number & Title (A.1) CIS 380 Operating Systems
Plotkin, Joshua B.
CIS 380 Operating Systems Course Number & Title (A.1) CIS 380 Operating Systems Credit Units (A.2 Operating Systems (3/e). Prentice Hall, Supplementary text: W. Richard Stevens and Stephen A. Rago. Advanced) This course is an introduction to the theory and practice behind modern computer operating systems. Topics
Enhanced distributed energy resource system
Atcitty, Stanley (Albuquerque, NM); Clark, Nancy H. (Corrales, NM); Boyes, John D. (Albuquerque, NM); Ranade, Satishkumar J. (Las Cruces, NM)
A power transmission system including a direct current power source electrically connected to a conversion device for converting direct current into alternating current, a conversion device connected to a power distribution system through a junction, an energy storage device capable of producing direct current connected to a converter, where the converter, such as an insulated gate bipolar transistor, converts direct current from an energy storage device into alternating current and supplies the current to the junction and subsequently to the power distribution system. A microprocessor controller, connected to a sampling and feedback module and the converter, determines when the current load is higher than a set threshold value, requiring triggering of the converter to supply supplemental current to the power transmission system.
Distributed vs. Centralized Power Systems Frequency Control
Dimarogonas, Dimos
Distributed vs. Centralized Power Systems Frequency Control Martin Andreasson12 , Dimos V control of electrical power systems. We propose a distributed controller which retains the reference class of large- scale systems are electrical power systems, which employ automatic generation control
Power-Demand Routing in massive geo-distributed systems
Qureshi, Asfandyar
There is an increasing trend toward massive, geographically distributed systems. The largest Internet companies operate hundreds of thousands of servers in multiple geographic locations, and are growing at a fast clip. A ...
Integrating Solar PV in Utility System Operations
Mills, A.
Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory Universityof Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Solar EnergySystem Operations Table 27. Renewable Curtailment in the BR
Eto, Joseph H.
PowerĀAdministrationĀ CaliforniaĀIndependentĀSystemĀOperatorĀ CaliforniaĀInstituteĀforĀEnergyĀandĀEnvironmentĀ CommonĀInformationĀModelĀ ConsortiumĀforĀElectricĀ
Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems: Operation and Maintenance
Lesikar, Bruce J.
Soil absorption fieldTwo-compartment septic tank Perforated pipe for effluent disposal Sand/loam soil Gravel Geotextile fabric Onsite wastewater treatment systems Operation and maintenance L-5347 8-08 Figure 1: A septic tank and soil absorption... field system. I f your home or business uses an onsite wastewater treatment system, common- ly known as a septic system, you need to know how to operate and maintain the system properly to prevent pollution and sewage backups. For many years, people...
Visualization of Tokamak Operational Spaces Through the Projection of Data Probability Distributions
Visualization of Tokamak Operational Spaces Through the Projection of Data Probability Distributions
Operational Equivalence of Graph Transformation Systems
Sarna-Starosta, Beata
Operational Equivalence of Graph Transformation Systems Frank Raiser and Thom Fr┬©uhwirth Faculty. With the growing number of GTS- based applications the comparison of operational equivalence of two GTS becomes an important area of research. This work introduces a notion of operational equivalence for graph
Electrochemical cell operation and system
Maru, Hansraj C. (Brookfield Center, CT)
Thermal control in fuel cell operation is affected through sensible heat of process gas by providing common input manifolding of the cell gas flow passage in communication with the cell electrolyte and an additional gas flow passage which is isolated from the cell electrolyte and in thermal communication with a heat-generating surface of the cell. Flow level in the cell gas flow passage is selected based on desired output electrical energy and flow level in the additional gas flow passage is selected in accordance with desired cell operating temperature.
Control System Commissioning for Enhanced Building Operations
Salsbury, T. I.; Singhal, A.
This paper highlights the import role control systems play in the operation of modern buildings and describes ways to improve the final stage of commissioning. We also describe practical issues associated with modern IT-oriented control systems...
Distribution System Voltage Regulation by Distributed Energy Resources
Ceylan, Oguzhan [ORNL; Liu, Guodong [ORNL; Xu, Yan [ORNL; Tomsovic, Kevin [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK)
This paper proposes a control method to regulate voltages in 3 phase unbalanced electrical distribution systems. A constrained optimization problem to minimize voltage deviations and maximize distributed energy resource (DER) active power output is solved by harmony search algorithm. IEEE 13 Bus Distribution Test System was modified to test three different cases: a) only voltage regulator controlled system b) only DER controlled system and c) both voltage regulator and DER controlled system. The simulation results show that systems with both voltage regulators and DER control provide better voltage profile.
Fluid system for controlling fluid losses during hydrocarbon recovery operations
Johnson, M.H.; Smejkal, K.D.
A fluid system is described for controlling fluid losses during hydrocarbon recovery operations, comprising: water; a distribution of graded calcium carbonate particle sizes; and at least one modified lignosulfonate, which is a lignosulfonate modified by polymerizing it at least to an extent effective to reduce its water solubility.
Operating System Resource Burton Smith
Ł but processes play a big role in memory management Ę Service Level Agreements are difficult to ensure Ł Priority and interconnection networks Ę The OS should: Ł Optimize the responsiveness of the system Ł Respond to changes in user
PIA - WEB Unclassified Business Operations General Support System...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Unclassified Business Operations General Support System PIA - WEB Unclassified Business Operations General Support System PIA - WEB Unclassified Business Operations General Support...
PIA - WEB Unclassified Business Operations General Support System...
WEB Unclassified Business Operations General Support System PIA - WEB Unclassified Business Operations General Support System PIA - WEB Unclassified Business Operations General...
Operation of staged membrane oxidation reactor systems
Repasky, John Michael
A method of operating a multi-stage ion transport membrane oxidation system. The method comprises providing a multi-stage ion transport membrane oxidation system with at least a first membrane oxidation stage and a second membrane oxidation stage, operating the ion transport membrane oxidation system at operating conditions including a characteristic temperature of the first membrane oxidation stage and a characteristic temperature of the second membrane oxidation stage; and controlling the production capacity and/or the product quality by changing the characteristic temperature of the first membrane oxidation stage and/or changing the characteristic temperature of the second membrane oxidation stage.
Reliable Distributed Computing for Decision Support Systems
Bargiela, Andrzej
Reliable Distributed Computing for Decision Support Systems Taha Osman, Andrzej Bargiela Department of application tasks on the currently avail- able computing nodes. Distributed Systems Reliability Due decision-support systems such as water distribution net- works, involving hundreds or even thousands
Distributed Energy Systems Integration Group (Fact Sheet)
Not Available
Factsheet developed to describe the activites of the Distributed Energy Systems Integration Group within NREL's Electricity, Resources, and Buildings Systems Integration center.
Investigation of Fuel Cell System Performance and Operation: A Fuel Cell as a Practical
Investigation of Fuel Cell System Performance and Operation: A Fuel Cell as a Practical Distributed of Fuel Cell System Performance and Operation: A Fuel Cell as a Practical Distributed Generator George Research Center program. This report is of work done under the PSERC project "Investigation of Fuel Cell
Groundwater Remediation Systems Quarterly Operations Report
.......................................... 5-1 6. OU III Carbon Tetrachloride Pump and Treat System........................................ 6 = ethylene dibromide * System dismantlement for the Carbon Tetrachloride system was completed in 2010. ** EDB Standby NA 180 Industrial Park Recirculation/ In-Well (AS/Carbon) VOC 7 Operate- 14 Standby- 1 30% NA 1062
Groundwater Remediation Systems Quarterly Operations Report
.......................................... 5-1 6. OU III Carbon Tetrachloride Pump and Treat System ........................................ 6 = ethylene dibromide * System dismantlement for the Carbon Tetrachloride system was completed in 2010. ** EDB Standby NA 180 Industrial Park Recirculation/ In-Well (AS/Carbon) VOC 7 Operate- 14 Standby- 1 Standby NA
Groundwater Remediation Systems Quarterly Operations Report
.......................................... 5-1 6. OU III Carbon Tetrachloride Pump and Treat System ........................................ 6 = ethylene dibromide * System dismantlement for the Carbon Tetrachloride system was completed in 2010. ** EDB% NA 180 Industrial Park Recirculation/ In-Well (AS/Carbon) VOC 7 Operate- 14 Standby-
Groundwater Remediation Systems Quarterly Operations Report
.......................................... 5-1 6. OU III Carbon Tetrachloride Pump and Treat System........................................ 6 = ethylene dibromide * System dismantlement for the Carbon Tetrachloride system was completed in 2010. ** EDB Standby NA 180 Industrial Park Recirculation/ In-Well (AS/Carbon) VOC 7 Operate- 14 Standby- 1 100% 1 1063
Midwest Independent System Operator (Multiple States)
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator (MISO) is a Regional Transmission Organization, which administers wholesale electricity markets in all or parts of 11 U.S. states and the Canadian...
Energy efficient operating systems and software
Sinha, Amit, 1976-
Energy efficient system design is becoming increasingly important with the proliferation of portable, battery-operated appliances such as laptops, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and cellular phones. Numerous dedicated ...
Asbestos : operating system security for mobile devices
Stevenson, Martijn
This thesis presents the design and implementation of a port of the Asbestos operating system to the ARM processor. The port to the ARM allows Asbestos to run on mobile devices such as cell phones and personal digital ...
Method and Apparatus Providing Deception and/or Altered Operation in an Information System Operating System
Cohen, Fred (Livermore, CA); Rogers, Deanna T. (Fremont, CA); Neagoe, Vicentiu (San Leandro, CA)
A method and/or system and/or apparatus providing deception and/or execution alteration in an information system. In specific embodiments, deceptions and/or protections are provided by intercepting and/or modifying operation of one or more system calls of an operating system.
Evaluating operating system vulnerability to memory errors.
Ferreira, Kurt Brian; Bridges, Patrick G. (University of New Mexico); Pedretti, Kevin Thomas Tauke; Mueller, Frank (North Carolina State University); Fiala, David (North Carolina State University); Brightwell, Ronald Brian
Reliability is of great concern to the scalability of extreme-scale systems. Of particular concern are soft errors in main memory, which are a leading cause of failures on current systems and are predicted to be the leading cause on future systems. While great effort has gone into designing algorithms and applications that can continue to make progress in the presence of these errors without restarting, the most critical software running on a node, the operating system (OS), is currently left relatively unprotected. OS resiliency is of particular importance because, though this software typically represents a small footprint of a compute node's physical memory, recent studies show more memory errors in this region of memory than the remainder of the system. In this paper, we investigate the soft error vulnerability of two operating systems used in current and future high-performance computing systems: Kitten, the lightweight kernel developed at Sandia National Laboratories, and CLE, a high-performance Linux-based operating system developed by Cray. For each of these platforms, we outline major structures and subsystems that are vulnerable to soft errors and describe methods that could be used to reconstruct damaged state. Our results show the Kitten lightweight operating system may be an easier target to harden against memory errors due to its smaller memory footprint, largely deterministic state, and simpler system structure.
Load-follow operation with the MSHIM control system
Morita, T.; Carlsen, B.W.; Kutz, J.P.
As part of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's ongoing efforts to improve plant daily load-follow capability, a system has been developed that promises a significant enhancement of current load-maneuvering capabilities, while simultaneously reducing the burden on operators and plant systems. This concept, the mechanical shim (MSHIM), control system utilizes two independently operable groups of control banks for essentially simultaneous control of reactivity and axial power distribution. This system has been developed with the goal of supporting either of two operational modes. One mode is designed to maximize spinning reserve (MAXSR) capacity (return to full-power capability). The other mode minimizes boric (MINB) acid changes, hence effluent production, during the power maneuver. The features of the two control modes are summarized.
Distributed Termination Detection for Dynamic Systems
Dhamdhere, Dhananjay Madhav
Distributed Termination Detection for Dynamic Systems D. M. Dhamdhere \\Lambda Sridhar R. Iyer E for detecting the termination of a dis┬Ł tributed computation is presented. The algorithm does not require global are provided. Keywords Distributed algorithms, Distributed computation, Distributed termination, Dynamic
Nova power systems: status and operating experience
Whitham, K.; Merritt, B.T.; Gritton, D.G.; Smart, A.J.; Holloway, R.W.; Oicles, J.A.
This paper describes the pulse power systems that are used in these lasers; the status and the operating experiences. The pulsed power system for the Nova Laser is comprised of several distinct technology areas. The large capacitor banks for driving flashlamps that excite the laser glass is one area, the fast pulsers that drive pockels cell shutters is another area, and the contol system for the pulsed power is a third. This paper discusses the capacitor banks and control systems.
Naturalistic Decision Making for Power System Operators
Greitzer, Frank L.; Podmore, Robin; Robinson, Marck; Ey, Pamela
Motivation ¢ Investigations of large-scale outages in the North American interconnected electric system often attribute the causes to three TÆs: Trees, Training and Tools. To document and understand the mental processes used by expert operators when making critical decisions, a naturalistic decision making (NDM) model was developed. Transcripts of conversations were analyzed to reveal and assess NDM-based performance criteria. Findings/Design ¢ An item analysis indicated that the operatorsÆ Situation Awareness Levels, mental models, and mental simulations can be mapped at different points in the training scenario. This may identify improved training methods or analytical/ visualization tools. Originality/Value ¢ This study applies for the first time, the concepts of Recognition Primed Decision Making, Situation Awareness Levels and Cognitive Task Analysis to training of electric power system operators. Take away message ¢ The NDM approach provides a viable framework for systematic training management to accelerate learning in simulator-based training scenarios for power system operators and teams.
Naturalistic Decision Making For Power System Operators
Greitzer, Frank L.; Podmore, Robin; Robinson, Marck; Ey, Pamela
Abstract: Motivation -- As indicated by the Blackout of 2003, the North American interconnected electric system is vulnerable to cascading outages and widespread blackouts. Investigations of large scale outages often attribute the causes to the three TÆs: Trees, Training and Tools. A systematic approach has been developed to document and understand the mental processes that an expert power system operator uses when making critical decisions. The approach has been developed and refined as part of a capability demonstration of a high-fidelity real-time power system simulator under normal and emergency conditions. To examine naturalistic decision making (NDM) processes, transcripts of operator-to-operator conversations are analyzed to reveal and assess NDM-based performance criteria. Findings/Design -- The results of the study indicate that we can map the Situation Awareness Level of the operators at each point in the scenario. We can also identify clearly what mental models and mental simulations are being performed at different points in the scenario. As a result of this research we expect that we can identify improved training methods and improved analytical and visualization tools for power system operators. Originality/Value -- The research applies for the first time, the concepts of Recognition Primed Decision Making, Situation Awareness Levels and Cognitive Task Analysis to training of electric power system operators. Take away message -- The NDM approach provides an ideal framework for systematic training management and mitigation to accelerate learning in team-based training scenarios with high-fidelity power grid simulators.
Emergency reconfiguration and distribution system planning under the Single-Contingency Policy
Wang, J.
Emergency reconfiguration can improve distribution systems' reliability by enabling load transfer among substations. Previous studies, although present its operation strategies, seldom explore emergency reconfiguration's ...
Sustaining Operational Efficiency of a CHP System
Katipamula, Srinivas; Brambley, Michael R.
This chapter provides background information on why sustaining operations of combined cooling, heating and power systems is important, provides the algorithms for CHP system performance monitoring and commissioning verification, and concludes with a discussion on how these algorithms can be deployed.
Groundwater Remediation Systems Quarterly Operations Report
.......................................... 5-1 6. OU III Carbon Tetrachloride Pump and Treat System ........................................ 6 for the Carbon Tetrachloride system was completed in 2010. ** EDB has only been detected in the influent at trace and Recirculate Tritium 4 Operate- 9 Standby- 7 100% NA 180 Industrial Park Recirculation/ In-Well (AS/Carbon) VOC
Runtime Monitoring of Distributed Systems Adrian Francalanza
Pace, Gordon J.
As systems become more complex, monolithic architec- tures are becoming less common, and distributed-based and service-oriented systems readily fit in the above architecture, as do systems adhering to the Enterpris
Runtime Monitoring of Distributed Systems Adrian Francalanza
Francalanza, Adrian
As systems become more complex, monolithic architec- tures are becoming less common, and distributed-based and service-oriented systems readily fit in the above architecture, as do systems adhering to the Enterprise
Prognostics for the Maintenance of Distributed Systems
Pencol├®, Yannick
but also higher level function prognosis. I. INTRODUCTION In the classical case, preventive maintenance of preventive maintenance for complex systems. In this sense, a distributed system can be split down into a setPrognostics for the Maintenance of Distributed Systems Pauline Ribot, Yannick Pencol┬┤e and Michel
Low jitter RF distribution system
Wilcox, Russell; Doolittle, Lawrence; Huang, Gang
A timing signal distribution system includes an optical frequency stabilized laser signal amplitude modulated at an rf frequency. A transmitter box transmits a first portion of the laser signal and receive a modified optical signal, and outputs a second portion of the laser signal and a portion of the modified optical signal. A first optical fiber carries the first laser signal portion and the modified optical signal, and a second optical fiber carries the second portion of the laser signal and the returned modified optical signal. A receiver box receives the first laser signal portion, shifts the frequency of the first laser signal portion outputs the modified optical signal, and outputs an electrical signal on the basis of the laser signal. A detector at the end of the second optical fiber outputs a signal based on the modified optical signal. An optical delay sensing circuit outputs a data signal based on the detected modified optical signal. An rf phase detect and correct signal circuit outputs a signal corresponding to a phase stabilized rf signal based on the data signal and the frequency received from the receiver box.
A Computuerized Operator Support System Prototype
Ken Thomas; Ronald Boring; Roger Lew; Tom Ulrich; Richard Villim
A report was published by the Idaho National Laboratory in September of 2012, entitled Design to Achieve Fault Tolerance and Resilience, which described the benefits of automating operator actions for transients. The report identified situations in which providing additional automation in lieu of operator actions would be advantageous. It recognized that managing certain plant upsets is sometimes limited by the operatorÆs ability to quickly diagnose the fault and to take the needed actions in the time available. Undoubtedly, technology is underutilized in the nuclear power industry for operator assistance during plant faults and operating transients. In contrast, other industry sectors have amply demonstrated that various forms of operator advisory systems can enhance operator performance while maintaining the role and responsibility of the operator as the independent and ultimate decision-maker. A computerized operator support system (COSS) is proposed for use in nuclear power plants to assist control room operators in addressing time-critical plant upsets. A COSS is a collection of technologies to assist operators in monitoring overall plant performance and making timely, informed decisions on appropriate control actions for the projected plant condition. The COSS does not supplant the role of the operator, but rather provides rapid assessments, computations, and recommendations to reduce workload and augment operator judgment and decision-making during fast-moving, complex events. This project proposes a general model for a control room COSS that addresses a sequence of general tasks required to manage any plant upset: detection, validation, diagnosis, recommendation, monitoring, and recovery. The model serves as a framework for assembling a set of technologies that can be interrelated to assist with each of these tasks. A prototype COSS has been developed in order to demonstrate the concept and provide a test bed for further research. The prototype is based on four underlying elements consisting of a digital alarm system, computer-based procedures, PI&D system representations, and a recommender module for mitigation actions. At this point, the prototype simulates an interface to a sensor validation module and a fault diagnosis module. These two modules will be fully integrated in the next version of the prototype. The initial version of the prototype is now operational at the Idaho National Laboratory using the U.S. Department of EnergyÆs Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Human Systems Simulation Laboratory (HSSL). The HSSL is a full-scope, full-scale glass top simulator capable of simulating existing and future nuclear power plant main control rooms. The COSS is interfaced to the Generic Pressurized Water Reactor (gPWR) simulator with industry-typical control board layouts. The glass top panels display realistic images of the control boards that can be operated by touch gestures. A section of the simulated control board was dedicated to the COSS human-system interface (HSI), which resulted in a seamless integration of the COSS into the normal control room environment.
A Computuerized Operator Support System Prototype
Ken Thomas; Ronald Boring; Roger Lew; Tom Ulrich; Richard Villim
A report was published by the Idaho National Laboratory in September of 2012, entitled Design to Achieve Fault Tolerance and Resilience, which described the benefits of automating operator actions for transients. The report identified situations in which providing additional automation in lieu of operator actions would be advantageous. It recognized that managing certain plant upsets is sometimes limited by the operatorÆs ability to quickly diagnose the fault and to take the needed actions in the time available. Undoubtedly, technology is underutilized in the nuclear power industry for operator assistance during plant faults and operating transients. In contrast, other industry sectors have amply demonstrated that various forms of operator advisory systems can enhance operator performance while maintaining the role and responsibility of the operator as the independent and ultimate decision-maker. A computerized operator support system (COSS) is proposed for use in nuclear power plants to assist control room operators in addressing time-critical plant upsets. A COSS is a collection of technologies to assist operators in monitoring overall plant performance and making timely, informed decisions on appropriate control actions for the projected plant condition. The COSS does not supplant the role of the operator, but rather provides rapid assessments, computations, and recommendations to reduce workload and augment operator judgment and decision-making during fast-moving, complex events. This project proposes a general model for a control room COSS that addresses a sequence of general tasks required to manage any plant upset: detection, validation, diagnosis, recommendation, monitoring, and recovery. The model serves as a framework for assembling a set of technologies that can be interrelated to assist with each of these tasks. A prototype COSS has been developed in order to demonstrate the concept and provide a test bed for further research. The prototype is based on four underlying elements consisting of a digital alarm system, computer-based procedures, PI&D system representations, and a recommender module for mitigation actions. At this point, the prototype simulates an interface to a sensor validation module and a fault diagnosis module. These two modules will be fully integrated in the next version of the prototype. The initial version of the prototype is now operational at the Idaho National Laboratory using the U.S. Department of EnergyÆs Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Human Systems Simulation Laboratory (HSSL). The HSSL is a full-scope, full-scale glass top simulator capable of simulating existing and future nuclear power plant main control rooms. The COSS is interfaced to the Generic Pressurized Water Reactor (gPWR) simulator with industry-typical control board layouts. The glass top panels display realistic images of the control boards that can be operated by touch gestures. A section of the simulated control board was dedicated to the COSS human-system interface (HSI), which resulted in a seamless integration of the COSS into the normal control room environment.
Building a Smarter Distribution System in Pennsylvania
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Development of an advanced distribution management system (DMS) software is at the heart of the project. The DMS monitors and controls all of the smart devices being installed...
IGENPRO knowledge-based operator support system.
Morman, J. A.
Research and development is being performed on the knowledge-based IGENPRO operator support package for plant transient diagnostics and management to provide operator assistance during off-normal plant transient conditions. A generic thermal-hydraulic (T-H) first-principles approach is being implemented using automated reasoning, artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic to produce a generic T-H system-independent/plant-independent package. The IGENPRO package has a modular structure composed of three modules: the transient trend analysis module PROTREN, the process diagnostics module PRODIAG and the process management module PROMANA. Cooperative research and development work has focused on the PRODIAG diagnostic module of the IGENPRO package and the operator training matrix of transients used at the Braidwood Pressurized Water Reactor station. Promising simulator testing results with PRODIAG have been obtained for the Braidwood Chemical and Volume Control System (CVCS), and the Component Cooling Water System. Initial CVCS test results have also been obtained for the PROTREN module. The PROMANA effort also involves the CVCS. Future work will be focused on the long-term, slow and mild degradation transients where diagnoses of incipient T-H component failure prior to forced outage events is required. This will enhance the capability of the IGENPRO system as a predictive maintenance tool for plant staff and operator support.
WRAP operational test report drum non destructive examination system
This operational test report was performed to verify the WRAP Facility Drum Non-Destructive Examination systems operate in accordance with the system designs and specifications.
New York Independent System Operator, Smart Grid RFI: Addressing...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Independent System Operator, Smart Grid RFI: Addressing Policy and Logistical Challenges. New York Independent System Operator, Smart Grid RFI: Addressing Policy and Logistical...
Assessment of Offshore Wind System Design, Safety, and Operation...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Offshore Wind System Design, Safety, and Operation Standards Assessment of Offshore Wind System Design, Safety, and Operation Standards The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE)...
Clock distribution system for digital computers
Wyman, Robert H. (Brentwood, CA); Loomis, Jr., Herschel H. (Davis, CA)
Apparatus for eliminating, in each clock distribution amplifier of a clock distribution system, sequential pulse catch-up error due to one pulse "overtaking" a prior clock pulse. The apparatus includes timing means to produce a periodic electromagnetic signal with a fundamental frequency having a fundamental frequency component V'.sub.01 (t); an array of N signal characteristic detector means, with detector means No. 1 receiving the timing means signal and producing a change-of-state signal V.sub.1 (t) in response to receipt of a signal above a predetermined threshold; N substantially identical filter means, one filter means being operatively associated with each detector means, for receiving the change-of-state signal V.sub.n (t) and producing a modified change-of-state signal V'.sub.n (t) (n=1, . . . , N) having a fundamental frequency component that is substantially proportional to V'.sub.01 (t-.theta..sub.n (t) with a cumulative phase shift .theta..sub.n (t) having a time derivative that may be made uniformly and arbitrarily small; and with the detector means n+1 (1.ltoreq.n
Lighting system with heat distribution face plate
Arik, Mehmet; Weaver, Stanton Earl; Stecher, Thomas Elliot; Kuenzler, Glenn Howard; Wolfe, Jr., Charles Franklin; Li, Ri
Lighting systems having a light source and a thermal management system are provided. The thermal management system includes synthetic jet devices, a heat sink and a heat distribution face plate. The synthetic jet devices are arranged in parallel to one and other and are configured to actively cool the lighting system. The heat distribution face plate is configured to radially transfer heat from the light source into the ambient air.
A Robust Optimization Framework for Analyzing Distribution Systems with Transshipment
Chaudhuri, Sanjay
A Robust Optimization Framework for Analyzing Distribution Systems with Transshipment Mabel Chou operations. Mabel Chou NUS Business School National University of Singapore Singapore 117592 Email: bizchoum Email: email@example.com Kut C. So The Paul Merage School of Business University of California Irvine
Physical Effects of Distributed PV Generation on California's Distribution System
Cohen, Michael A
Deployment of high-penetration photovoltaic (PV) power is expected to have a range of effects -- both positive and negative -- on the distribution grid. The magnitude of these effects may vary greatly depending upon feeder topology, climate, PV penetration level, and other factors. In this paper we present a simulation study of eight representative distribution feeders in three California climates at PV penetration levels up to 100\\%, supported by a unique database of distributed PV generation data that enables us to capture the impact of PV variability on feeder voltage and voltage regulating equipment. When comparing the influence of feeder location (i.e. climate) versus feeder type on outcomes, we find that location more strongly influences the incidence of reverse power flow, reductions in peak loading and the presence of voltage excursions. On the other hand, we find that feeder characteristics more strongly influence the magnitude of loss reduction and changes in voltage regulator operations. We find th...
A Formal Model of Provenance in Distributed Systems
Francalanza, Adrian
A Formal Model of Provenance in Distributed Systems Issam Souilah2 Adrian Francalanza1 Vladimiro;Motivation Trust In a Distributed System #12;Motivation Trust In a Distributed System Distribution inherent parallelism. #12;Motivation Trust In a Distributed System Distribution inherent parallelism. Distribution
Bringing Big Systems to Small Schools: Distributed Systems for Undergraduates
Albrecht, Jeannie
Bringing Big Systems to Small Schools: Distributed Systems for Undergraduates Jeannie R. Albrecht Williams College Williamstown, MA 01267 email@example.com ABSTRACT Distributed applications have, especially at small colleges, do not offer courses that focus on the design and implementation of distributed
Tank waste remediation system operational scenario
Johnson, M.E.
The Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) mission is to store, treat, and immobilize highly radioactive Hanford waste (current and future tank waste and the strontium and cesium capsules) in an environmentally sound, safe, and cost-effective manner (DOE 1993). This operational scenario is a description of the facilities that are necessary to remediate the Hanford Site tank wastes. The TWRS Program is developing technologies, conducting engineering analyses, and preparing for design and construction of facilities necessary to remediate the Hanford Site tank wastes. An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is being prepared to evaluate proposed actions of the TWRS. This operational scenario is only one of many plausible scenarios that would result from the completion of TWRS technology development, engineering analyses, design and construction activities and the TWRS EIS. This operational scenario will be updated as the development of the TWRS proceeds and will be used as a benchmark by which to evaluate alternative scenarios.
Measuring Advances in HVAC Distribution System Design
Franconi, E.
Substantial commercial building energy savings have been achieved by improving the performance of the HV AC distribution system. The energy savings result from distribution system design improvements, advanced control capabilities, and use of variable-speed motors. Yet, much of the commercial building stock remains equipped with inefficient systems. Contributing to this is the absence of a definition for distribution system efficiency as well as the analysis methods for quantifying performance. This research investigates the application of performance indices to assess design advancements in commercial building thermal distribution systems. The index definitions are based on a first and second law of thermodynamics analysis of the system. The second law or availability analysis enables the determination of the true efficiency of the system. Availability analysis is a convenient way to make system efficiency comparisons since performance is evaluated relative to an ideal process. A TRNSYS simulation model is developed to analyze the performance of two distribution system types, a constant air volume system and a variable air volume system, that serve one floor of a large office building. Performance indices are calculated using the simulation results to compare the performance of the two systems types in several locations. Changes in index values are compared to changes in plant energy, costs, and carbon emissions to explore the ability of the indices to estimate these quantities.
Operations and Maintenance Manual for Large Aperture Scanner System
Jones, Anthony M.; Hall, Thomas E.
Operations and maintenance manual includes detailed instructions for system assembly, use, and maintenance.
Geographically distributed environmental sensor system
French, Patrick; Veatch, Brad; O'Connor, Mike
The present invention is directed to a sensor network that includes a number of sensor units and a base unit. The base station operates in a network discovery mode (in which network topology information is collected) in a data polling mode (in which sensed information is collected from selected sensory units). Each of the sensor units can include a number of features, including an anemometer, a rain gauge, a compass, a GPS receiver, a barometric pressure sensor, an air temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a level, and a radiant temperature sensor.
Convex Models of Distribution System Reconfiguration
Taylor, Joshua A.
We derive new mixed-integer quadratic, quadratically constrained, and second-order cone programming models of distribution system reconfiguration, which are to date the first formulations of the ac problem that have convex, ...
A Distributed Building Evacuation System
Qumsiyeh, Dany M.
This thesis investigates the feasibility of a smart building evacuation system, capable of guiding occupants along safe paths to exits and responding to changing threats. Inspired by developments in amorphous computing, ...
The Fermilab CMTF cryogenic distribution remote control system
Pei, L.; Theilacker, J.; Klebaner, A.; Martinez, A.; Bossert, R. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia, IL, 60510 (United States)
The Cryomodule Test Facility (CMTF) is able to provide the necessary test bed for measuring the performance of Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities in a cryomodule (CM). The CMTF have seven 300 KW screw compressors, two liquid helium refrigerators, and two Cryomodule Test Stands (CMTS). CMTS1 is designed for 1.3 GHz cryomodule operating in a pulsed mode (PM) and CMTS2 is for cryomodule operating in Half-Wave (HW) and Continuous Wave (CW) mode. Based on the design requirement, each subsystem has to be far away from each other and be placed in distant locations. Therefore choosing Siemens Process Control System 7-400, DL205 PLC, Synoptic and Fermilab ACNET are the ideal choices for CMTF cryogenic distribution real-time remote control system. This paper presents a method which has been successfully used by many Fermilab distribution cryogenic real-time remote control systems.
Modeling Power System Operation with Intermittent Resources
Marinovici, Maria C.; Kirkham, Harold; Glass, Kevin A.; Carlsen, Leif C.
Electricity generating companies and power system operators face the need to minimize total fuel cost or maximize total profit over a given time period. These issues become optimization problems subject to a large number of constraints that must be satisfied simultaneously. The grid updates due to smart-grid technologies plus the penetration of intermittent re- sources in electrical grid introduce additional complexity to the optimization problem. The Renewable Integration Model (RIM) is a computer model of interconnected power system. It is intended to provide insight and advice on complex power systems management, as well as answers to integration of renewable energy questions. This paper describes RIM basic design concept, solution method, and the initial suite of modules that it supports.
Noninterference for a practical DIFC-based operating system
Tromer, Eran
The Flume system is an implementation of decentralized information flow control (DIFC) at the operating system level. Prior work has shown Flume can be implemented as a practical extension to the Linux operating system, ...
Voices of Experience | Advanced Distribution Management Systems...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
systems and a move from reactive to predictive models increases the need for electrical engineering knowledge and IT skills in the operations center as well as in the fi eld. It...
Strategy Guideline: Compact Air Distribution Systems
Burdick, A.
This Strategy Guideline discusses the benefits and challenges of using a compact air distribution system to handle the reduced loads and reduced air volume needed to condition the space within an energy efficient home. Traditional systems sized by 'rule of thumb' (i.e., 1 ton of cooling per 400 ft2 of floor space) that 'wash' the exterior walls with conditioned air from floor registers cannot provide appropriate air mixing and moisture removal in low-load homes. A compact air distribution system locates the HVAC equipment centrally with shorter ducts run to interior walls, and ceiling supply outlets throw the air toward the exterior walls along the ceiling plane; alternatively, high sidewall supply outlets throw the air toward the exterior walls. Potential drawbacks include resistance from installing contractors or code officials who are unfamiliar with compact air distribution systems, as well as a lack of availability of low-cost high sidewall or ceiling supply outlets to meet the low air volumes with good throw characteristics. The decision criteria for a compact air distribution system must be determined early in the whole-house design process, considering both supply and return air design. However, careful installation of a compact air distribution system can result in lower material costs from smaller equipment, shorter duct runs, and fewer outlets; increased installation efficiencies, including ease of fitting the system into conditioned space; lower loads on a better balanced HVAC system, and overall improved energy efficiency of the home.
Model Predictive Control for the Operation of Building Cooling Systems
Ma, Yudong
storage in building cooling systems. Technical report,storage in building cooling systems. Decision and Control,for the Operation of Building Cooling Systems Yudong Ma ? ,
Integrating Solar PV in Utility System Operations
Mills, A.; Botterud, A.; Wu, J.; Zhou, Z.; Hodge, B-M.; Heany, M.
This study develops a systematic framework for estimating the increase in operating costs due to uncertainty and variability in renewable resources, uses the framework to quantify the integration costs associated with sub-hourly solar power variability and uncertainty, and shows how changes in system operations may affect these costs. Toward this end, we present a statistical method for estimating the required balancing reserves to maintain system reliability along with a model for commitment and dispatch of the portfolio of thermal and renewable resources at different stages of system operations. We estimate the costs of sub-hourly solar variability, short-term forecast errors, and day-ahead (DA) forecast errors as the difference in production costs between a case with ōrealisticö PV (i.e., subhourly solar variability and uncertainty are fully included in the modeling) and a case with ōwell behavedö PV (i.e., PV is assumed to have no sub-hourly variability and can be perfectly forecasted). In addition, we highlight current practices that allow utilities to compensate for the issues encountered at the sub-hourly time frame with increased levels of PV penetration. In this analysis we use the analytical framework to simulate utility operations with increasing deployment of PV in a case study of Arizona Public Service Company (APS), a utility in the southwestern United States. In our analysis, we focus on three processes that are important in understanding the management of PV variability and uncertainty in power system operations. First, we represent the decisions made the day before the operating day through a DA commitment model that relies on imperfect DA forecasts of load and wind as well as PV generation. Second, we represent the decisions made by schedulers in the operating day through hour-ahead (HA) scheduling. Peaking units can be committed or decommitted in the HA schedules and online units can be redispatched using forecasts that are improved relative to DA forecasts, but still imperfect. Finally, we represent decisions within the operating hour by schedulers and transmission system operators as real-time (RT) balancing. We simulate the DA and HA scheduling processes with a detailed unit-commitment (UC) and economic dispatch (ED) optimization model. This model creates a least-cost dispatch and commitment plan for the conventional generating units using forecasts and reserve requirements as inputs. We consider only the generation units and load of the utility in this analysis; we do not consider opportunities to trade power with neighboring utilities. We also do not consider provision of reserves from renewables or from demand-side options. We estimate dynamic reserve requirements in order to meet reliability requirements in the RT operations, considering the uncertainty and variability in load, solar PV, and wind resources. Balancing reserve requirements are based on the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of 1-min deviations from the HA schedule in a previous year. We then simulate RT deployment of balancing reserves using a separate minute-by-minute simulation of deviations from the HA schedules in the operating year. In the simulations we assume that balancing reserves can be fully deployed in 10 min. The minute-by-minute deviations account for HA forecasting errors and the actual variability of the load, wind, and solar generation. Using these minute-by-minute deviations and deployment of balancing reserves, we evaluate the impact of PV on system reliability through the calculation of the standard reliability metric called Control Performance Standard 2 (CPS2). Broadly speaking, the CPS2 score measures the percentage of 10-min periods in which a balancing area is able to balance supply and demand within a specific threshold. Compliance with the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) reliability standards requires that the CPS2 score must exceed 90% (i.e., the balancing area must maintain adequate balance for 90% of the 10-min periods). The combination of representing DA forecast errors in the
Evaluating Utility System Operations Using APLUS
Pethe, S.; Singh, R.
cost analysis in APLUS was used to identify the high cost areas in operating the steam system. This analysis highlighted that the cost of power from the 200 psig steam driven back pressure turbine was a prohibitive $270/MWh. The 600 psig boiler... and extraction turbine were found to be large enough to meet all the steam and power requirements of the plant. This required that a new 600 HP motor be bought to drive the paper machine currently driven by the back pressure turbine. Shifting the load...
A Distributed System for Cooperative MIMO Transmissions
Kalyanaraman, Shivkumar
a distributed system for facilitating cooperative MIMO transmissions in networks without multiple antenna diversity can be leveraged at the network, link or physical layers to provide energy efficient transmissions for reliable low-power transmissions. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: the proposed system
Distributed expert systems for nuclear reactor control
Otaduy, P.J.
A network of distributed expert systems is the heart of a prototype supervisory control architecture developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for an advanced multimodular reactor. Eight expert systems encode knowledge on signal acquisition, diagnostics, safeguards, and control strategies in a hybrid rule-based, multiprocessing and object-oriented distributed computing environment. An interactive simulation of a power block consisting of three reactors and one turbine provides a realistic, testbed for performance analysis of the integrated control system in real-time. Implementation details and representative reactor transients are discussed.
Distributed expert systems for nuclear reactor control
Otaduy, P.J.
A network of distributed expert systems is the heart of a prototype supervisory control architecture developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for an advanced multimodular reactor. Eight expert systems encode knowledge on signal acquisition, diagnostics, safeguards, and control strategies in a hybrid rule-based, multiprocessing and object-oriented distributed computing environment. An interactive simulation of a power block consisting of three reactors and one turbine provides a realistic, testbed for performance analysis of the integrated control system in real-time. Implementation details and representative reactor transients are discussed.
Comprehensive Diagnosis of Complex Electrical Power Distribution Systems
Daigle, Matthew
Comprehensive Diagnosis of Complex Electrical Power Distribution Systems Indranil Roychoudhury Abstract: Electrical power distribution systems are composed of heterogeneous components, which include and discrete faults in electrical power distribution systems that include dc and ac components. We use a hybrid
On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems: Spray Distribution
Lesikar, Bruce J.
A spray distribution system is very similar to a lawn irrigation system. Spray heads are used to distribute treated wastewater to the surface of the yard. This publication explains the advantages and disadvantages of spray distribution systems...
Eto, Joseph H.; Parashar, Manu; Lewis, Nancy Jo
The Real Time System Operations (RTSO) 2006-2007 project focused on two parallel technical tasks: (1) Real-Time Applications of Phasors for Monitoring, Alarming and Control; and (2) Real-Time Voltage Security Assessment (RTVSA) Prototype Tool. The overall goal of the phasor applications project was to accelerate adoption and foster greater use of new, more accurate, time-synchronized phasor measurements by conducting research and prototyping applications on California ISO's phasor platform - Real-Time Dynamics Monitoring System (RTDMS) -- that provide previously unavailable information on the dynamic stability of the grid. Feasibility assessment studies were conducted on potential application of this technology for small-signal stability monitoring, validating/improving existing stability nomograms, conducting frequency response analysis, and obtaining real-time sensitivity information on key metrics to assess grid stress. Based on study findings, prototype applications for real-time visualization and alarming, small-signal stability monitoring, measurement based sensitivity analysis and frequency response assessment were developed, factory- and field-tested at the California ISO and at BPA. The goal of the RTVSA project was to provide California ISO with a prototype voltage security assessment tool that runs in real time within California ISO?s new reliability and congestion management system. CERTS conducted a technical assessment of appropriate algorithms, developed a prototype incorporating state-of-art algorithms (such as the continuation power flow, direct method, boundary orbiting method, and hyperplanes) into a framework most suitable for an operations environment. Based on study findings, a functional specification was prepared, which the California ISO has since used to procure a production-quality tool that is now a part of a suite of advanced computational tools that is used by California ISO for reliability and congestion management.
Concept of SPDS integrated into Distributed Computer System (DCS)
Anikanov, S. S. [Westinghouse LLC, 4350 Northern Pike, Monroeville, PA 15146 (United States)
Implementation of the Safety Parameter Display System (SPDS) during the NPP modernization activities or for the new plant imposes certain requirements on the system design. In many cases, such SPDS system functionality is integrated into the non-safety part of the Distributed Computer System (DCS). The SPDS becomes organically embedded into the major I and C hardware and application software. However, from the licensing perspective, SPDS shall be designed as a functional entity which satisfies industry standards and as such imposes requirements to the other plant MMI systems. 'Other MMI systems' that are used to support the operating staff during normal, abnormal and emergency plant conditions include Main Control Room Workstations, Shared Wall Panel Display (WPD), and other information systems. The SPDS resources, used to address the system requirements, also include the Emergency Response Facilities (TSC, Emergency on-site Facilities, and Emergency off-site Facilities). (authors)
Energy Efficient HVAC System for Distributed Cooling/Heating...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Efficient HVAC System for Distributed CoolingHeating with Thermoelectric Devices Energy Efficient HVAC System for Distributed CoolingHeating with Thermoelectric Devices 2012 DOE...
Distributed/Stationary Fuel Cell Systems | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
DistributedStationary Fuel Cell Systems DistributedStationary Fuel Cell Systems Photo of stationary fuel cell The Department of Energy (DOE) is developing high-efficiency fuel...
Energy Management in Mobile Devices with the Cinder Operating System
Roy, Arjun
We argue that controlling energy allocation is an increasingly useful and important feature for operating systems, especially on mobile devices. We present two new low-level abstractions in the Cinder operating system, ...
Energy management in mobile devices with the cinder operating system
Roy, Arjun
We argue that controlling energy allocation is an increasingly useful and important feature for operating systems, especially on mobile devices. We present two new low-level abstractions in the Cinder operating system, ...
Integrated Retail and Wholesale Power System Operation with Smart-Grid Functionality
Tesfatsion, Leigh
1 Integrated Retail and Wholesale Power System Operation with Smart-Grid Functionality Dionysios of retail and wholesale power markets operating over transmission and distribution networks with smart-grid functionality. This test bed seams together two existing test beds, the AMES Wholesale Power Market Test Bed
Standard Data Exchanges for Distribution System Management
Thomas E. McDermott
Databases and software tools for electric power distribution systems have not been integrated, and this leads to extra costs and restrictions imposed on utilities and other stakeholders. For example, distributed resource integration studies and modern grid technology assessments are more difficult and costly. New vendors face high market entry barriers, because itÆs necessary to interface with large and customized data systems at each potential utility customer. This project promotes data and software tool integration, through a set of data translators based on a common object model. The data translators are delivered as open-source software, using appropriate Web software technologies. The parties who benefit include electric utilities (and their ratepayers), researchers at government laboratories and universities, small software companies wishing to enter the electric utility market, and parties wishing to interconnect distributed generation to a utility system.
ECOSystem: Managing Energy as a First Class Operating System Resource
Vahdat, Amin
ECOSystem: Managing Energy as a First Class Operating System Resource Ż Heng Zeng, Carla S. Ellis design. This paper explores how to support energy as a first-class operating system resource. En- ergy the limited energy resource among competing tasks. 1. INTRODUCTION Traditionally, the operating system plays
LVT: A Layered Verification Technique for Distributed Computing Systems
Olsson, Ron
LVT: A Layered Verification Technique for Distributed Computing Systems Cui Zhang ? , Brian R of distributed computing systems with multiple component layers. Each lower layer in such a system provides languages as interfaces of systems, LVT treats each layer in a distributed computing system as a distributed
Physical Modeling of Scaled Water Distribution System Networks.
O'Hern, Timothy J.; Hammond, Glenn Edward; Orear, Leslie ,; van Bloemen Waanders, Bart G.; Paul Molina; Ross Johnson
Threats to water distribution systems include release of contaminants and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. A better understanding, and validated computational models, of the flow in water distribution systems would enable determination of sensor placement in real water distribution networks, allow source identification, and guide mitigation/minimization efforts. Validation data are needed to evaluate numerical models of network operations. Some data can be acquired in real-world tests, but these are limited by 1) unknown demand, 2) lack of repeatability, 3) too many sources of uncertainty (demand, friction factors, etc.), and 4) expense. In addition, real-world tests have limited numbers of network access points. A scale-model water distribution system was fabricated, and validation data were acquired over a range of flow (demand) conditions. Standard operating variables included system layout, demand at various nodes in the system, and pressure drop across various pipe sections. In addition, the location of contaminant (salt or dye) introduction was varied. Measurements of pressure, flowrate, and concentration at a large number of points, and overall visualization of dye transport through the flow network were completed. Scale-up issues that that were incorporated in the experiment design include Reynolds number, pressure drop across nodes, and pipe friction and roughness. The scale was chosen to be 20:1, so the 10 inch main was modeled with a 0.5 inch pipe in the physical model. Controlled validation tracer tests were run to provide validation to flow and transport models, especially of the degree of mixing at pipe junctions. Results of the pipe mixing experiments showed large deviations from predicted behavior and these have a large impact on standard network operations models.3
High temperature hot water distribution system study
The existing High Temperature Hot Water (HTHW) Distribution System has been plagued with design and construction deficiencies since startup of the HTHW system, in October 1988. In October 1989, after one year of service, these deficiencies were outlined in a technical evaluation. The deficiencies included flooded manholes, sump pumps not hooked up, leaking valves, contaminated HTHW water, and no cathodic protection system. This feasibility study of the High Temperature Hot Water (HTHW) Distribution System was performed under Contract No. DACA0l-94-D-0033, Delivery Order 0013, Modification 1, issued to EMC Engineers, Inc. (EMC), by the Norfolk District Corps of Engineers, on 25 April 1996. The purpose of this study was to determine the existing conditions of the High Temperature Hot Water Distribution System, manholes, and areas of containment system degradation. The study focused on two areas of concern, as follows: * Determine existing conditions and areas of containment system degradation (leaks) in the underground carrier pipes and protective conduit. * Document the condition of underground steel and concrete manholes. To document the leaks, a site survey was performed, using state-of-the-art infrared leak detection equipment and tracer gas leak detection equipment. To document the condition of the manholes, color photographs were taken of the insides of 125 manholes, and notes were made on the condition of these manholes.
A Better Steam Engine: Designing a Distributed Concentrating Solar Combined Heat and Power System
California at Berkeley, University of
A Better Steam Engine: Designing a Distributed Concentrating Solar Combined Heat and Power System Callaway Spring 2011 #12;Abstract A Better Steam Engine: Designing a Distributed Concentrating Solar a leading choice for DCS-CHP systems, if operation on steam is successful and reliability issues can
Centralized and Distributed Generated Power Systems -A Comparison Approach
White Paper Power Systems Engineering Research Center Empowering Minds to Engineer the Future ElectricCentralized and Distributed Generated Power Systems - A Comparison Approach Future Grid Initiative Energy System #12;Centralized and Distributed Generated Power Systems - A Comparison Approach Prepared
CSE 513: Distributed Systems (Fault-tolerance)
Cao, Guohong
fails to operate correctly, nothing catastrophic happens; e.g., in nuclear power plans at all servers in the same order. 8 The Two-Army Problem ┬Ę Without failure, agreement is trivial, but agreement in faulty systems is much harder. ┬Ł Agreement is needed in electing a coordinator, deciding
Carbon and Water Resource Management for Water Distribution Systems
Hendrickson, Thomas Peter
Reliability Corporation Polyethylene Polyvinyl chloride Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Water Distribution System
Laser spark distribution and ignition system
Woodruff, Steven (Morgantown, WV); McIntyre, Dustin L. (Morgantown, WV)
A laser spark distribution and ignition system that reduces the high power optical requirements for use in a laser ignition and distribution system allowing for the use of optical fibers for delivering the low peak energy pumping pulses to a laser amplifier or laser oscillator. An optical distributor distributes and delivers optical pumping energy from an optical pumping source to multiple combustion chambers incorporating laser oscillators or laser amplifiers for inducing a laser spark within a combustion chamber. The optical distributor preferably includes a single rotating mirror or lens which deflects the optical pumping energy from the axis of rotation and into a plurality of distinct optical fibers each connected to a respective laser media or amplifier coupled to an associated combustion chamber. The laser spark generators preferably produce a high peak power laser spark, from a single low power pulse. The laser spark distribution and ignition system has application in natural gas fueled reciprocating engines, turbine combustors, explosives and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy diagnostic sensors.
Distributed parallel messaging for multiprocessor systems
Chen, Dong; Heidelberger, Philip; Salapura, Valentina; Senger, Robert M; Steinmacher-Burrow, Burhard; Sugawara, Yutaka
A method and apparatus for distributed parallel messaging in a parallel computing system. The apparatus includes, at each node of a multiprocessor network, multiple injection messaging engine units and reception messaging engine units, each implementing a DMA engine and each supporting both multiple packet injection into and multiple reception from a network, in parallel. The reception side of the messaging unit (MU) includes a switch interface enabling writing of data of a packet received from the network to the memory system. The transmission side of the messaging unit, includes switch interface for reading from the memory system when injecting packets into the network.
Micro-grid operation of inverter based distributed generation with voltage and frequency dependent loads
Zeineldin, H. H.
Distribution systems are experiencing increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG). One attractive option is to use the available DG capacity during utility outages by forming planned micro-grids. Load sharing ...
Generalized computer-assisted operations; A comprehensive system for day-to-day oilfield operations
Dunham, C.L.; Anderson, S.R. (Shell Oil Co. (US))
This paper reports that Shell Oil Co. and a U.S. subsidiary, Shell Western E and P Inc., developed a comprehensive, generalized, computer-assisted-operations (CAO) system for day-to-day oilfield operations. The system addresses many of the daily operating needs of data acquisition, well and facility monitoring and control, problem detection and diagnosis, design and/or redesign of artificial-lift systems, and oilfield data management. It is generalized in that one system, with common computer hardware, software, and techniques, serves several different oil fields with diverse operating requirements and conditions.
Eto, Joseph H.
bifurcationsĀinĀAC/DCĀpowerĀsystems,ĀElectricalĀEnergyĀ &ĀRegionsĀofĀ ElectricalĀPowerĀSystemsö,ĀProceedingsĀofĀtheĀRegionsĀofĀElectricalĀPowerĀSystemsĀbyĀPowerĀPerturbationĀ
Eto, Joseph H.
2004ĀIEEEĀPESĀPowerĀ SystemsĀConferenceĀ&ĀExposition,ĀNewĀPartĀIIĀ¢ĀApplicationĀtoĀPowerĀSystemĀStudiesö,Ā2004ĀIEEEĀPESĀ PowerĀSystemsĀConferenceĀ&ĀExposition,ĀNewĀYork,Ā
Computer Science Adjunct Faculty Position for Operating Systems
Plotkin, Joshua B.
Computer Science Adjunct Faculty Position for Operating Systems Connecticut College is seeking a visiting professor (rank open) of computer science to teach one section of Operating have a Masters or equivalent in Computer Science or related field. The catalog course
Harmonic propagation on an electric distribution system: Field measurements compared with computer simulation
Williams, S.M. (Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA (United States)); Brownfield, G.T. (Union Electric Co., St. Louis, MO (United States)); Duffus, J.W. (Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States). Power Electronics Research Center)
Power electronic loads are occupying an increasing fraction of the total load on distribution feeders. Coincidentally, there is a greater use of power factor correction capacitors on the distribution system. These two factors can present poor operating conditions in the form of high harmonic levels propagating through a distribution system. Electric utility engineers are facing an ever increasing number of situations which require the analysis of the propagation of harmonics on a distribution system. HARMFLO was developed by EPRI for use in the analysis of harmonics on a power system. However, for a typical analysis of a distribution system, data for some of the parameters required by HARMFLO are not available. Furthermore, exact load information is usually not available. Harmonic levels determined from field tests on a distribution system are compared to results of HARMFLO simulations to determine if this analysis tool can be expected to provide useful results despite the lack of exact information for load modeling and other system parameters.
A system for distributed intrusion detection
Snapp, S.R.; Brentano, J.; Dias, G.V.; Goan, T.L.; Heberlein, L.T.; Ho, Che-Lin; Levitt, K.N.; Mukherjee, B. (California Univ., Davis, CA (USA). Div. of Computer Science); Grance, T. (Air Force Cryptologic Support Center, San Antonio, TX (USA)); Mansur, D.L.; Pon, K.L. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)); Smaha, S.E. (Haystack Labs., Inc., Austin, TX (USA))
The study of providing security in computer networks is a rapidly growing area of interest because the network is the medium over which most attacks or intrusions on computer systems are launched. One approach to solving this problem is the intrusion-detection concept, whose basic premise is that not only abandoning the existing and huge infrastructure of possibly-insecure computer and network systems is impossible, but also replacing them by totally-secure systems may not be feasible or cost effective. Previous work on intrusion-detection systems were performed on stand-alone hosts and on a broadcast local area network (LAN) environment. The focus of our present research is to extend our network intrusion-detection concept from the LAN environment to arbitarily wider areas with the network topology being arbitrary as well. The generalized distributed environment is heterogeneous, i.e., the network nodes can be hosts or servers from different vendors, or some of them could be LAN managers, like our previous work, a network security monitor (NSM), as well. The proposed architecture for this distributed intrusion-detection system consists of the following components: a host manager in each host; a LAN manager for monitoring each LAN in the system; and a central manager which is placed at a single secure location and which receives reports from various host and LAN managers to process these reports, correlate them, and detect intrusions. 11 refs., 2 figs.
On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems: Subsurface Drip Distribution
Lesikar, Bruce J.
A subsurface drip system distributes wastewater to the lawn through a system of tubing installed below the ground. This publication explains the advantages and disadvantages of subsurface drip distribution systems, as well as estimated costs...
Distributed Power Electronics for PV Systems (Presentation)
Deline, C.
An overview of the benefits and applications of microinverters and DC power optimizers in residential systems. Some conclusions from this report are: (1) The impact of shade is greater than just the area of shade; (2) Additional mismatch losses include panel orientation, panel distribution, inverter voltage window, soiling; (3) Per-module devices can help increase performance, 4-12% or more depending on the system; (4) Value-added benefits (safety, monitoring, reduced design constraints) are helping their adoption; and (5) The residential market is growing rapidly. Efficiency increases, cost reductions are improving market acceptance. Panel integration will further reduce price and installation cost. Reliability remains an unknown.
Lessons Learned: Planning and Operating Power Systems with Large
Lessons Learned: Planning and Operating Power Systems with Large Amounts of Renewable Energy agency thereof. #12;Lessons Learned: Planning and Operating Power Systems with Large Amounts of Renewable to their systems powered by as-available renewable energy sources (primarily wind and solar). The Big Island also
Eto, Joseph H.
81]ĀM. ĀA. ĀPai,ĀōPowerĀSystemĀStabilityö,ĀAmsterdam,ĀTheĀanalysisĀĀofĀĀpowerĀĀ systemĀĀstabilityĀ limitĀloadĀflowsö,ĀA. ĀFouad. ĀPowerĀSystemĀControlĀandĀStability,ĀIEEEĀPress,Ā
Design and operation of a virtual reality operator-training system
Okapuu-von Veh, A.; Malowany, A.; Shaikh, A. [McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec (Canada). Dept. of Electrical Engineering] [McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec (Canada). Dept. of Electrical Engineering; Marceau, R.J.; Desbiens, P.; Daigle, A.; Rizzi, J.C. [Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec (Canada). Dept. de Genie Electrique et Informatique] [Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec (Canada). Dept. de Genie Electrique et Informatique; Garant, E.; Gauthier, R. [Hydro-Quebec, Montreal, Quebec (Canada)] [Hydro-Quebec, Montreal, Quebec (Canada)
The risks to equipment and personnel associated with the manual operation of switching station equipment demand rigorous personnel instruction. Additionally, switching errors reduce customer service quality. With the virtual reality operator-training simulator ESOPE-VR, trainees can practice all necessary switching operations in complete safety, while maintaining a high degree of realism. A speech-recognition system allows for complete control of the training session by the operator trainee, while sound immersion adds a dimension of realism to the virtual world. An expert-system validates the trainee`s operations at all stages of the process and provides verbal context-sensitive advice whenever errors are made. A steady-state power-flow simulator recalculates network variables whenever operator actions lead to changes in topology. The automated conversion of station single-line diagrams to realistic three-dimensional models permits an operator to be trained economically for a larger number of stations.
Catholic University of Chile (Universidad Cat¾lica de Chile)
an electric power distribution network under normal operating conditions to reduce the active losses. Keywords: Distribution Systems, Electric losses, Network reconfiguration, Load flow. 1 Departamento de of the distribution networks work with minimum monitoring systems, mainly with local and manual control of capacitors
Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV
Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV with Grid Support Features Electric Energy System #12;#12;Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV project titled "Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV with Grid Support
Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Reliable Distributed Systems
Firenze, UniversitÓ degli Studi di
Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Reliable Distributed Systems Shambhu J. Upadhyaya, Senior Member, designers, and implementers of distributed systems, with emphasis on system properties such as reliability with the 19th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems held at Nuernberg, Germany, 2000, but the topics
SOCAP: System for Operations Crisis Action Planning Marie A. Bienkowski
Wilkins, David E.
), to the problem of generating crisis action operations plans in a joint military domain* . We describe our technology to the general problem of planning and executing joint military operations including supporting or development activity has integrated a generative planning system into an operational military environment
A Human Performance Modeling System for Process Safety Operations
Harputlu, Emrah 1986-
Operators have a crucial role in case of an emergency in a process facility. When an abnormality occurs in the process, the operator has a limited time to take corrective actions before system safety devices shut down the operation. It is crucial...
Evaluation of process systems operating envelopes
Stuber, Matthew David
This thesis addresses the problem of worst-case steady-state design of process systems under uncertainty, also known as robust design. Designing for the worst case is of great importance when considering systems for ...
Eto, Joseph H.
andĀDataĀAcquisitionĀ(SCADA)ĀdataĀandĀoff?lineĀmodel?basedĀCaliforniaĀISOÆsĀcurrentĀSCADA/EnergyĀManagementĀSystemĀ (MonitoringĀSystemĀ RTSOĀ RTVSAĀ SCADA/EMSĀ SCEĀ SDG&EĀ TRPĀ
Wind Speed Forecasting for Power System OperationĀ
Zhu, Xinxin
In order to support large-scale integration of wind power into current electric energy system, accurate wind speed forecasting is essential, because the high variation and limited predictability of wind pose profound challenges to the power system...
Wind Speed Forecasting for Power System Operation
Zhu, Xinxin
In order to support large-scale integration of wind power into current electric energy system, accurate wind speed forecasting is essential, because the high variation and limited predictability of wind pose profound challenges to the power system...
Optimization of the Heating System OperationĀ
Xu, W.; Mao, S.
A new regulation method of the heating system is presented, which is based on the variation of outdoor temperature, to improve the economical efficiency and the timing regulation of the heating system. A function is put forward between the energy...
Operating Systems for Reconfigurable Embedded Platforms
Hellebrand, Sybille
them with processors, memories, and special function blocks on configurable systems on a chip (CSoC) [1
Optimization of the Heating System Operation
Xu, W.; Mao, S.
on the basis of the variation of outdoor temperature, and in this way, the heating system can be optimized....
automatic operation system: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
that could interfere with the operation of the brush & basket or the sponge rubber ball type systems. BRUSH AND BASKET SYSTEM A typical... of various types of screening and...
Hot Water Heating System Operation and Energy Conservation
Shao, Z.; Chen, H.; Wei, P.
Based on an example of the reconstruction of a hot water heating system, this paper provides an analysis and comparison of the operations of hot water heating systems, including supply water temperature adjustment, flow adjustment during each...
6.828 Operating System Engineering, Fall 2006
Kaashoek, Frans
6.828 teaches the fundamentals of engineering operating systems. The following topics are studied in detail: virtual memory, kernel and user mode, system calls, threads, context switches, interrupts, interprocess communication, ...
The design of a distributed image processing and dissemination system
Rafferty, P.; Hower, L.
The design and implementation of a distributed image processing and dissemination system was undertaken and accomplished as part of a prototype communication and intelligence (CI) system, the contingency support system (CSS), which is intended to support contingency operations of the Tactical Air Command. The system consists of six (6) Sun 3/180C workstations with integrated ITEX image processors and three (3) 3/50 diskless workstations located at four (4) system nodes (INEL, base, and mobiles). All 3/180C workstations are capable of image system server functions where as the 3/50s are image system clients only. Distribution is accomplished via both local and wide area networks using standard Defense Data Network (DDN) protocols (i.e., TCP/IP, et al.) and Defense Satellite Communication Systems (DSCS) compatible SHF Transportable Satellite Earth Terminals (TSET). Image applications utilize Sun's Remote Procedure Call (RPC) to facilitate the image system client and server relationships. The system provides functions to acquire, display, annotate, process, transfer, and manage images via an icon, panel, and menu oriented Sunview{trademark} based user interface. Image spatial resolution is 512 {times} 480 with 8-bits/pixel black and white and 12/24 bits/pixel color depending on system configuration. Compression is used during various image display and transmission functions to reduce the dynamic range of image data of 12/6/3/2 bits/pixel depending on the application. Image acquisition is accomplished in real-time or near-real-time by special purpose Itex image hardware. As a result all image displays are highly interactive with attention given to subsecond response time. 3 refs., 7 figs.
Introduction Operations Management of Blood Banking Systems Blood Banking Systems Network Design Supply Chain Network
Nagurney, Anna
Introduction Operations Management of Blood Banking Systems Blood Banking Systems Network Design Supply Chain Network Operations Management and Design of A Sustainable Blood Banking System Amir Masoumi of Massachusetts Amherst #12;Introduction Operations Management of Blood Banking Systems Blood Banking Systems
Distributed Sensor Coordination for Advanced Energy Systems
Tumer, Kagan
The ability to collect key system level information is critical to the safe, efficient and reli- able operation of advanced energy systems. With recent advances in sensor development, it is now possible to push some level of decision making directly to computationally sophisticated sensors, rather than wait for data to arrive to a massive centralized location before a decision is made. This type of approach relies on networked sensors (called ōagentsö from here on) to actively collect and process data, and provide key control deci- sions to significantly improve both the quality/relevance of the collected data and the as- sociating decision making. The technological bottlenecks for such sensor networks stem from a lack of mathematics and algorithms to manage the systems, rather than difficulties associated with building and deploying them. Indeed, traditional sensor coordination strategies do not provide adequate solutions for this problem. Passive data collection methods (e.g., large sensor webs) can scale to large systems, but are generally not suited to highly dynamic environments, such as ad- vanced energy systems, where crucial decisions may need to be reached quickly and lo- cally. Approaches based on local decisions on the other hand cannot guarantee that each agent performing its task (maximize an agent objective) will lead to good network wide solution (maximize a network objective) without invoking cumbersome coordination rou- tines. There is currently a lack of algorithms that will enable self-organization and blend the efficiency of local decision making with the system level guarantees of global decision making, particularly when the systems operate in dynamic and stochastic environments. In this work we addressed this critical gap and provided a comprehensive solution to the problem of sensor coordination to ensure the safe, reliable, and robust operation of advanced energy systems. The differentiating aspect of the proposed work is in shift- ing the focus towards ōwhat to observeö rather than ōhow to observeö in large sensor networks, allowing the agents to actively determine both the structure of the network and the relevance of the information they are seeking to collect. In addition to providing an implicit coordination mechanism, this approach allows the system to be reconfigured in response to changing needs (e.g., sudden external events requiring new responses) or changing sensor network characteristics (e.g., sudden changes to plant condition). Outcome Summary: All milestones associated with this project have been completed. In particular, private sensor objective functions were developed which are aligned with the global objective function, sensor effectiveness has been improved by using ōsensor teams,ö system efficiency has been improved by 30% using difference evaluation func- tions, we have demonstrated system reconfigurability for 20% changes in system con- ditions, we have demonstrated extreme scalability of our proposed algorithm, we have demonstrated that sensor networks can overcome disruptions of up to 20% in network conditions, and have demonstrated system reconfigurability to 20% changes in system conditions in hardware-based simulations. This final report summarizes how each of these milestones was achieved, and gives insight into future research possibilities past the work which has been completed. The following publications support these milestones [6, 8, 9, 10, 16, 18, 19].
Hot Water Distribution System Model Enhancements
Hoeschele, M.; Weitzel, E.
This project involves enhancement of the HWSIM distribution system model to more accurately model pipe heat transfer. Recent laboratory testing efforts have indicated that the modeling of radiant heat transfer effects is needed to accurately characterize piping heat loss. An analytical methodology for integrating radiant heat transfer was implemented with HWSIM. Laboratory test data collected in another project was then used to validate the model for a variety of uninsulated and insulated pipe cases (copper, PEX, and CPVC). Results appear favorable, with typical deviations from lab results less than 8%.
Interface Between Engineering and Market Operations in Restructured Electricity Systems
Oren, Shmuel S.
Interface Between Engineering and Market Operations in Restructured Electricity Systems HUNG of engineering management. Wholesale markets bring economic and financial aspects that alter the context in which addressed are those relevant to the interface between engineering aspects of system operations, and economic
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the July 2001 to September 2001 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. An internal program kickoff was held at Honeywell in Torrance, CA. The program structure was outlined and the overall technical approach for the program was presented to the team members. Detail program schedules were developed and detailed objectives were defined. Initial work has begun on the system design and pressurized SOFC operation.
Interconnecting PV on New York City's Secondary Network Distribution System
Anderson, K.; Coddington, M.; Burman, K.; Hayter, S.; Kroposki, B.; Watson, A.
This study describes technical assistance provided by NREL to help New York City and Con Edison improve the interconnection of distributed PV systems on a secondary network distribution system.
Modeling of Distributed Systems by Concurrent Regular Expressions
Garg, Vijay
Modeling of Distributed Systems by Concurrent Regular Expressions Vijay K. Garg Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 We propose an algebraic model called concurrent regular expressions for modeling and anal- ysis of distributed systems
Modeling of Distributed Systems by Concurrent Regular Expressions
Garg, Vijay
Modeling of Distributed Systems by Concurrent Regular Expressions Vijay K. Garg Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 We propose an algebraic model called concurrent regular expressions for modeling and analŁ ysis of distributed systems
Operation technology of air treatment system in nuclear facilities
Chun, Y B; Hwong, Y H; Lee, H K; Min, D K; Park, K J; Uom, S H; Yang, S Y
Effective operation techniques were reviewed on the air treatment system to protect the personnel in nuclear facilities from the contamination of radio-active particles and to keep the environment clear. Nuclear air treatment system consisted of the ventilation and filtering system was characterized by some test. Measurement of air velocity of blowing/exhaust fan in the ventilation system, leak tests of HEPA filters in the filtering, and measurement of pressure difference between the areas defined by radiation level were conducted. The results acquired form the measurements were reflected directly for the operation of air treatment. In the abnormal state of virus parts of devices composted of the system, the repairing method, maintenance and performance test were also employed in operating effectively the air treatment system. These measuring results and techniques can be available to the operation of air treatment system of PIEF as well as the other nuclear facilities in KAERI.
Water turbine system and method of operation
Costin, Daniel P. (Montpelier, VT)
A system for providing electrical power from a current turbine is provided. The system includes a floatation device and a mooring. A water turbine structure is provided having an upper and lower portion wherein the lower portion includes a water fillable chamber. A plurality of cables are used to couple the system where a first cable couples the water turbine to the mooring and a second cable couples the floatation device to the first cable. The system is arranged to allow the turbine structure to be deployed and retrieved for service, repair, maintenance and redeployment.
Water turbine system and method of operation
Costin, Daniel P.
A system for providing electrical power from a current turbine is provided. The system includes a floatation device and a mooring. A water turbine structure is provided having an upper and lower portion wherein the lower portion includes a water fillable chamber. A plurality of cables are used to couple the system where a first cable couples the water turbine to the mooring and a second cable couples the floatation device to the first cable. The system is arranged to allow the turbine structure to be deployed and retrieved for service, repair, maintenance and redeployment.
Water turbine system and method of operation
Costin, Daniel P. (Montpelier, VT)
A system for providing electrical power from a current turbine is provided. The system includes a floatation device and a mooring. A water turbine structure is provided having an upper and lower portion wherein the lower portion includes a water fillable chamber. A plurality of cables are used to couple the system where a first cable couples the water turbine to the mooring and a second cable couples the floatation device to the first cable. The system is arranged to allow the turbine structure to be deployed and retrieved for service, repair, maintenance and redeployment.
Eto, Joseph H.
power reserves across the system Interface/line flows across key transmission corridors/voltage levels One-line diagrams Voltage Security
Distributed fiber optic moisture intrusion sensing system
Weiss, Jonathan D. (Albuquerque, NM)
Method and system for monitoring and identifying moisture intrusion in soil such as is contained in landfills housing radioactive and/or hazardous waste. The invention utilizes the principle that moist or wet soil has a higher thermal conductance than dry soil. The invention employs optical time delay reflectometry in connection with a distributed temperature sensing system together with heating means in order to identify discrete areas within a volume of soil wherein temperature is lower. According to the invention an optical element and, optionally, a heating element may be included in a cable or other similar structure and arranged in a serpentine fashion within a volume of soil to achieve efficient temperature detection across a large area or three dimensional volume of soil. Remediation, moisture countermeasures, or other responsive action may then be coordinated based on the assumption that cooler regions within a soil volume may signal moisture intrusion where those regions are located.
Opis: Reliable Distributed Systems in OCaml Pierre-Evariste Dagand
Kuncak, Viktor
Opis: Reliable Distributed Systems in OCaml Pierre-┤Evariste Dagand ENS Cachan-Bretagne, France languages provide an excellent vehicle for developing and debugging distributed systems. We present Opis, a functional-reactive approach for de- veloping distributed systems in Objective Caml. An Opis protocol
Distributed Power Delivery for Energy Efficient and Low Power Systems
Friedman, Eby G.
Distributed Power Delivery for Energy Efficient and Low Power Systems SelcĖuk K©ose Department throughout a power distribution system. Due to the parasitic impedances of the power distribution networks current to the load circuits [3]. The complexity of the high performance power delivery systems has
Fire protection system operating experience review for fusion applications
Cadwallader, L.C.
This report presents a review of fire protection system operating experiences from particle accelerator, fusion experiment, and other applications. Safety relevant operating experiences and accident information are discussed. Quantitative order-of-magnitude estimates of fire protection system component failure rates and fire accident initiating event frequencies are presented for use in risk assessment, reliability, and availability studies. Safety concerns with these systems are discussed, including spurious operation. This information should be useful to fusion system designers and safety analysts, such as the team working on the Engineering Design Activities for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.
Control and regulation of modern distribution system, ForskEL...
system, ForskEL (Smart Grid Project) Jump to: navigation, search Project Name Control and regulation of modern distribution system, ForskEL Country Denmark Coordinates...
6.824 Distributed Computer Systems, Fall 2002
Morris, Robert Tappan
Abstractions and implementation techniques for design of distributed systems; server design, network programming, naming, storage systems, security, and fault tolerance. Readings from current literature. 6 Engineering ...
Best Management Practice #3: Distribution System Audits, Leak...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Leaks in distribution systems are caused by a number of factors, including pipe corrosion, high system pressure, construction disturbances, frost damage, damaged joints, and...
A Framework for Adaptable Operating and Runtime Systems
Sterling, Thomas
The emergence of new classes of HPC systems where performance improvement is enabled by MooreÆs Law for technology is manifest through multi-core-based architectures including specialized GPU structures. Operating systems were originally designed for control of uniprocessor systems. By the 1980s multiprogramming, virtual memory, and network interconnection were integral services incorporated as part of most modern computers. HPC operating systems were primarily derivatives of the Unix model with Linux dominating the Top-500 list. The use of Linux for commodity clusters was first pioneered by the NASA Beowulf Project. However, the rapid increase in number of cores to achieve performance gain through technology advances has exposed the limitations of POSIX general-purpose operating systems in scaling and efficiency. This project was undertaken through the leadership of Sandia National Laboratories and in partnership of the University of New Mexico to investigate the alternative of composable lightweight kernels on scalable HPC architectures to achieve superior performance for a wide range of applications. The use of composable operating systems is intended to provide a minimalist set of services specifically required by a given application to preclude overheads and operational uncertainties (ōOS noiseö) that have been demonstrated to degrade efficiency and operational consistency. This project was undertaken as an exploration to investigate possible strategies and methods for composable lightweight kernel operating systems towards support for extreme scale systems.
A Queueing Based Scheduling Approach to Plug-In Electric Vehicle Dispatch in Distribution Systems
Li, Qiao; Ilic, Marija D
Large-scale integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) in power systems can cause severe issues to the existing distribution system, such as branch congestions and significant voltage drops. As a consequence, smart charging strategies are crucial for the secure and reliable operation of the power system. This paper tries to achieve high penetration level of PEVs with the existing distribution system infrastructure by proposing a smart charging algorithm that can optimally utilize the distribution system capacity. Specifically, the paper proposes a max-weight PEV dispatch algorithm to control the PEV charging rates, subject to power system physical limits. The proposed max-weight PEV dispatch algorithm is proved to be throughput optimal under very mild assumptions on the stochastic dynamics in the system. This suggests that the costly distribution system infrastructure upgrade can be avoided, or failing that, at least successfully deferred. The proposed PEV dispatch algorithm is particularly attractive in ...
Commonality of ground systems in launch operations
Quinn, Shawn M
NASA is examining the utility of requiring a certain degree of commonality in both flight and ground systems in the Constellation Program. While the benefits of commonality seem obvious in terms of minimizing upfront ...
Architectural Concerns in Distributed and Mobile Collaborative Systems
Dustdar, Schahram
Architectural Concerns in Distributed and Mobile Collaborative Systems Schahram Dustdar Harald Gall Distributed Systems Group, Vienna University of Technology Argentinierstrasse 8/184-1 A-1040 Wien, Austria to integrate Workflow Management Systems (WfMS), Groupware Systems, and Busi- ness Process Modeling Systems
SOFC combined cycle systems for distributed generation
Brown, R.A.
The final phase of the tubular SOFC development program will focus on the development and demonstration of pressurized solid oxide fuel cell (PSOFC)/gas turbine (GT) combined cycle power systems for distributed power applications. The commercial PSOFC/GT product line will cover the power range 200 kWe to 50 MWe, and the electrical efficiency for these systems will range from 60 to 75% (net AC/LHV CH4), the highest of any known fossil fueled power generation technology. The first demonstration of a pressurized solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine combined cycle will be a proof-of-concept 250 kWe PSOFC/MTG power system consisting of a single 200 kWe PSOFC module and a 50 kWe microturbine generator (MTG). The second demonstration of this combined cycle will be 1.3 MWe fully packaged, commercial prototype PSOFC/GT power system consisting of two 500 kWe PSOFC modules and a 300 kWe gas turbine.
System Integration of Distributed Power for Complete Building Systems: Phase 1 Report
Kramer, R.
This report describes NiSource Energy Technologies Inc.'s base year of a planned 3-year effort to advance distributed power development, deployment, and integration. Its long-term goal is to design ways to extend distributed generation into the physical design and controls of buildings. NET worked to meet this goal through advances in the implementation and control of CHP systems in end-user environments and a further understanding of electric interconnection and siting issues. Important results from the first year were a survey of the state of the art of interconnection issues associated with distributed generation, a survey of the local zoning requirements for the NiSource service territory, and the acquisition of data about the operation, reliability, interconnection, and performance of CHP systems and components of two test sites.
Cathode power distribution system and method of using the same for power distribution
Williamson, Mark A; Wiedmeyer, Stanley G; Koehl, Eugene R; Bailey, James L; Willit, James L; Barnes, Laurel A; Blaskovitz, Robert J
Embodiments include a cathode power distribution system and/or method of using the same for power distribution. The cathode power distribution system includes a plurality of cathode assemblies. Each cathode assembly of the plurality of cathode assemblies includes a plurality of cathode rods. The system also includes a plurality of bus bars configured to distribute current to each of the plurality of cathode assemblies. The plurality of bus bars include a first bus bar configured to distribute the current to first ends of the plurality of cathode assemblies and a second bus bar configured to distribute the current to second ends of the plurality of cathode assemblies.
PAPER ACCEPTED TO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, Nov. 2008 1 Reactive Power and Voltage Control in Distribution
Ca├▒izares, Claudio A.
PAPER ACCEPTED TO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, Nov. 2008 1 Reactive Power and Voltage) problem associated with reactive power and voltage control in distribution systems to minimize daily--Distribution systems, reactive power control, voltage control, optimal switching operations, mixed integer nonlinear
Model Based Commissioning Tool for Air-Conditioning Distribution Systems-APCBC
Yoshida, H.; Noda, T.
on Building Commissioning) Sept. 2014, Beijing, China ESL-IC-14-09-06 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Beijing, China, September 14-17, 2014 1. Issues 2. Simulation Model of Distribution System 3. Example... of VWV System 4. Example of VAV System 5. Conclusions 2 ESL-IC-14-09-06 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Beijing, China, September 14-17, 2014 ? Energy consumption of air and water distribution in air...
Ventilation Systems Operating Experience Review for Fusion Applications
Cadwallader, Lee Charles
This report is a collection and review of system operation and failure experiences for air ventilation systems in nuclear facilities. These experiences are applicable for magnetic and inertial fusion facilities since air ventilation systems are support systems that can be considered generic to nuclear facilities. The report contains descriptions of ventilation system components, operating experiences with these systems, component failure rates, and component repair times. Since ventilation systems have a role in mitigating accident releases in nuclear facilities, these data are useful in safety analysis and risk assessment of public safety. An effort has also been given to identifying any safety issues with personnel operating or maintaining ventilation systems. Finally, the recommended failure data were compared to an independent data set to determine the accuracy of individual values. This comparison is useful for the International Energy Agency task on fusion component failure rate data collection.
PV Charging System for Remote Area Operations
Ilsemann, Frederick; Thompson, Roger
The objective of this project is to provide the public with a study of new as well existing technology to recharge batteries used in the field. A new product(s) will also be built based upon the information ascertained. American Electric Vehicles, Inc. (AEV) developed systems and methods suitable for charging state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries in remote locations under both ideal and cloudy weather conditions. Conceptual designs are described for existing and next generation technology, particularly as regards solar cells, peak power trackers and batteries. Prototype system tests are reported.
Collective operations in a file system based execution model
Shinde, Pravin; Van Hensbergen, Eric
A mechanism is provided for group communications using a MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system. A master application creates a multi-pipe synthetic file in the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system, the master application indicating a multi-pipe operation to be performed. The master application then writes a header-control block of the multi-pipe synthetic file specifying at least one of a multi-pipe synthetic file system name, a message type, a message size, a specific destination, or a specification of the multi-pipe operation. Any other application participating in the group communications then opens the same multi-pipe synthetic file. A MULTI-PIPE file system module then implements the multi-pipe operation as identified by the master application. The master application and the other applications then either read or write operation messages to the multi-pipe synthetic file and the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system module performs appropriate actions.
Collective operations in a file system based execution model
Shinde, Pravin; Van Hensbergen, Eric
A mechanism is provided for group communications using a MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system. A master application creates a multi-pipe synthetic file in the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system, the master application indicating a multi-pipe operation to be performed. The master application then writes a header-control block of the multi-pipe synthetic file specifying at least one of a multi-pipe synthetic file system name, a message type, a message size, a specific destination, or a specification of the multi-pipe operation. Any other application participating in the group communications then opens the same multi-pipe synthetic file. A MULTI-PIPE file system module then implements the multi-pipe operation as identified by the master application. The master application and the other applications then either read or write operation messages to the multi-pipe synthetic file and the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system module performs appropriate actions.
CFMRI Physiological Monitoring System Operator's Manual
California at San Diego, University of
and lead wires (MRI compatible) can cause patient heating or burn if not used properly. To minimize in Figure 1) ┬Ę Invivo millennia┬« 3155MVS remote monitor (#9 in Figure 1) ┬Ę BioPac System - Respiratory Belt) Turn on the Invivo 3155MVS remote monitor located in the control room. ┬Ę Invivo 3155MVS should
Energy Efficiency of Distributed Environmental Control Systems
Khalifa, H. Ezzat; Isik, Can; Dannenhoffer, John F. III
In this report, we present an analytical evaluation of the potential of occupant-regulated distributed environmental control systems (DECS) to enhance individual occupant thermal comfort in an office building with no increase, and possibly even a decrease in annual energy consumption. To this end we developed and applied several analytical models that allowed us to optimize comfort and energy consumption in partitioned office buildings equipped with either conventional central HVAC systems or occupant-regulated DECS. Our approach involved the following interrelated components: 1. Development of a simplified lumped-parameter thermal circuit model to compute the annual energy consumption. This was necessitated by the need to perform tens of thousands of optimization calculations involving different US climatic regions, and different occupant thermal preferences of a population of ~50 office occupants. Yearly transient simulations using TRNSYS, a time-dependent building energy modeling program, were run to determine the robustness of the simplified approach against time-dependent simulations. The simplified model predicts yearly energy consumption within approximately 0.6% of an equivalent transient simulation. Simulations of building energy usage were run for a wide variety of climatic regions and control scenarios, including traditional ōone-size-fits-allö (OSFA) control; providing a uniform temperature to the entire building, and occupant-selected ōhave-it-your-wayö (HIYW) control with a thermostat at each workstation. The thermal model shows that, un-optimized, DECS would lead to an increase in building energy consumption between 3-16% compared to the conventional approach depending on the climate regional and personal preferences of building occupants. Variations in building shape had little impact in the relative energy usage. 2. Development of a gradient-based optimization method to minimize energy consumption of DECS while keeping each occupantÆs thermal dissatisfaction below a given threshold. The DECS energy usage was calculated using the simplified thermal model. OSFA control; providing a uniform temperature to the entire building, and occupant-selected HIYW control with a thermostat at each workstation were implemented for 3 cities representing 3 different climatic regions and control scenarios. It is shown that optimization allows DECS to deliver a higher level of individual and population thermal comfort while achieving annual energy savings between 14 and 26% compared to OSFA. The optimization model also allowed us to study the influence of the partitionsÆ thermal resistance and the variability of internal loads at each office. These influences didnÆt make significant changes in the optimized energy consumption relative to OSFA. The results show that it is possible to provide thermal comfort for each occupant while saving energy compared to OSFA Furthermore, to simplify the implementation of this approach, a fuzzy logic system has been developed to generalize the overall optimization strategy. Its performance was almost as good as the gradient system. The fuzzy system provided thermal comfort to each occupant and saved energy compared to OSFA. The energy savings of the fuzzy system were not as high as for the gradient-optimized system, but the fuzzy system avoided complete connectivity, and the optimization did not have to be repeated for each population. 3. We employed a detailed CFD model of adjacent occupied cubicles to extend the thermal-circuit model in three significant ways: (a) relax the ōoffice wallö requirement by allowing energy to flow between zones via advection as well as conduction, (b) improve the comfort model to account both for radiation as well as convection heat transfer, and (c) support ventilation systems in which the temperature is stratified, such as in underfloor air distribution systems. Initially, three-dimensional CFD simulations of several cubicle configurations, with an adjoining corridor, were performed both to understand the advection between cubicles and the
Concept of Operations for Real-time Airborne Management System
Barr, Jonathan L.; Taira, Randal Y.; Orr, Heather M.
The purpose of this document is to describe the operating concepts, capabilities, and benefits of RAMS including descriptions of how the system implementations can improve emergency response, damage assessment, task prioritization, and situation awareness. This CONOPS provides general information on operational processes and procedures required to utilize RAMS, and expected performance benefits of the system. The primary audiences for this document are the end users of RAMS (including flight operators and incident commanders) and the RAMS management team. Other audiences include interested offices within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and officials from other state and local jurisdictions who want to implement similar systems.
Charging system with galvanic isolation and multiple operating modes
Kajouke, Lateef A.; Perisic, Milun; Ransom, Ray M.
Systems and methods are provided for operating a charging system with galvanic isolation adapted for multiple operating modes. A vehicle charging system comprises a DC interface, an AC interface, a first conversion module coupled to the DC interface, and a second conversion module coupled to the AC interface. An isolation module is coupled between the first conversion module and the second conversion module. The isolation module comprises a transformer and a switching element coupled between the transformer and the second conversion module. The transformer and the switching element are cooperatively configured for a plurality of operating modes, wherein each operating mode of the plurality of operating modes corresponds to a respective turns ratio of the transformer.
Data system tightens Tenneco Gulf operations
True, W.R.
This paper describes Tenneco Oil Exploration and Production's real-time data acquisition and transmission system which has helped to reduce well trouble costs and time, as well as increase drilling efficiency. Between 1982 and 1983, trouble costs for Tenneco's domestic divisions dropped from 13.5% of total drilling cost to 6.8%. For one division, the Western Gulf, drilling trouble costs fell from 17% in 1982 to 4% in 1983, and equivalent drilling costs were reduced by $8.6 million. Reduced rig rates and related factors accounted for 24% ($2.1 million) of the improvement in reducing costs. Lower trouble costs and improved drilling efficiency, the major targets of the company's real-time data system, made up the remaining 76% ($6.5 million).
Seasonal restrictions on dredging operations in freshwater systems. Technical note
Sanders, L.; Killgore, J.
This note summarizes the status of seasonal restrictions on dredging operations in freshwater navigable waterways. The information presented is based on replies received from a questionnaire sent to all US Army Corps of Engineers (CE) District and Division offices that conduct OM dredging operations in freshwater systems.
Operation and maintenance considerations for waste-to-energy systems
Cross, F.; O'Leary, P.; Walsh, P.
In this article, the author discusses environmental and safety issues surrounding waste-to-energy systems. A facility can be safe and compatible with the surrounding community if management has an ethic to provide for the disposal of refuse in an economic, safe, and environmentally sound manner and the operator is trained in the proper procedures for facility operation, maintenance, troubleshooting and repair.
STATE OF CALIFORNIA DISTRIBUTED ENERGY STORAGE DX AC SYSTEMES ACCEPTANCE CEC-MECH-14A (Revised 08/09) CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTANCE MECH-14A NA7.5.13 Distributed Energy Storage DX AC DISTRIBUTED ENERGY STORAGE DX AC SYSTEMES ACCEPTANCE CEC-MECH-14A (Revised 08/09) CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
System Designs for Adaptive, Distributed Network Monitoring and Control
Baras, John S.
1 System Designs for Adaptive, Distributed Network Monitoring and Control H. Li, S. Yang, H. Xi.umd.edu Abstract We present system designs for adaptive, distributed network monitoring and control. The ideas are to distribute some processing intelligence to network elements, and to design a dynamic interface
Reliability of Heterogeneous Distributed Computing Systems in the Presence
Hayat, Majeed M.
Reliability of Heterogeneous Distributed Computing Systems in the Presence of Correlated Failures of distributed-computing systems (DCSs) has been widely studied under the assumption that computing elements (CEs of correlated failures are also investigated. Index Terms--Distributed computing, load balancing, reliability
Hot Water Heating System Operation and Energy ConservationĀ
Shao, Z.; Chen, H.; Wei, P.
heating period, and temperature-flow adjustment with frequency control. The study shows the most energy efficient operating method is a variable flow heating system, which should be popularized to the heating field....
The Influence of ATM on Operating Systems Jonathan M. Smith
Smith, Jonathan M.
The Influence of ATM on Operating Systems Jonathan M. Smith CIS Department, University support [Smith 90, Smith 93, Chung 95] designed to expose the strengths of the ATM technology
V-174: RSA Authentication Manager Writes Operating System, SNMP...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
RSA Authentication Manager Writes Operating System, SNMP, and HTTP Plug-in Proxy Passwords in Clear Text to Log Files PLATFORM: RSA Authentication Manager 8.0 ABSTRACT: A...
CRAD, System Operating Test Procedures - October 23, 2014 (EA...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
October 23, 2014 System Operating Test Procedures - October 23, 2014 (EA CRAD 31-05, Rev. 0) This Criteria Review and Approach Document (EA CRAD 31-05, Rev. 0) provides objectives,...
Virginia Tech Operating System (OS) built on VOLTTRONTM for Energy...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
such as: - Device status - V, I, P, kW, etc.... - Room temperature - Real-time pricing - Demand response signals 1 2 3 4 5 VT OS: Operating System and Framework Layer sMAP Postgre...
PIKA: A Network Service for Multikernel Operating Systems
Beckmann, Nathan Z.
PIKA is a network stack designed for multikernel operating systems that target potential future architectures lacking cache-coherent shared memory but supporting message passing. PIKA splits the network stack into several ...
Optimizing the Day to Day Operation of Utility Systems
Eastwood, A.; Bealing, C.
applications of this utility system software were set up for planning purposes, largely off-line. More recently, these applications have become more sophisticated and can operate on-line in real time. They include complex optimization routines to ensure...
The Case for ApplicationSpecific Operating Systems
Anderson, Tom
The Case for Application┬ŁSpecific Operating Systems Thomas E. Anderson Division of Computer Science processors, higher bandwidth networks, and larger amounts of pri┬Ł mary, secondary, and tertiary storage
Snap: Robust Tool for Internet-wide Operating System Fingerprinting
Nandwani, Ankur Bharatbhushan
SNAP: ROBUST TOOL FOR INTERNET-WIDE OPERATING SYSTEM FINGERPRINTING A Thesis by ANKUR BHARATBHUSHAN NANDWANI Submitted to the O?ce of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulflllment of the requirements for the degree... of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2010 Major Subject: Computer Science SNAP: ROBUST TOOL FOR INTERNET-WIDE OPERATING SYSTEM FINGERPRINTING A Thesis by ANKUR BHARATBHUSHAN NANDWANI Submitted to the O?ce of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University...
Quench monitoring and control system and method of operating same
Ryan, David Thomas; Laskaris, Evangelos Trifon; Huang, Xianrui
A rotating machine comprising a superconductive coil and a temperature sensor operable to provide a signal representative of superconductive coil temperature. The rotating machine may comprise a control system communicatively coupled to the temperature sensor. The control system may be operable to reduce electric current in the superconductive coil when a signal representative of a defined superconducting coil temperature is received from the temperature sensor.
Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation
5 w o r s e . It is impos s i bl e to set a valve or contr o l rod to an exact posit i o n if the time resol u t i o n of these inputs is only one second or even 0.2 second. It can happen that the new valve posit i o n is calcul a t e d only once... and the old I&C model s calcul a t e the contr o l parame t e r s (e.g. contro l valv e and rod pos i ti ons ) governi ng the tec hnol o gi c al mod els . The developme n t of the new system is made in four cons ec uti v e steps. 1. T h e new contr o l l e...
Applications of an electronic transformer in a power distribution system
Ratanapanachote, Somnida
In electrical power distribution and power electronic applications, a transformer is an indispensable component which performs many functions. At its operating frequency (60/50 Hz), it is one of the most bulky and expensive components. The concept...
Standard hydrogen monitoring system-B operation and maintenance manual
Bender, R.M.
The purpose of this document is to provide information for the operation and maintenance of the Standards Hydrogen Monitoring System-B (SHMS-B) used in the 200E and 200W area tank farms on the Hanford site. This provides information specific to the mechanical operation of the system and is not intended to take the place of a Plant Operating Procedure. The primary function of the SHMS-B is to monitor specifically for hydrogen in the waste tank vapor space which may also contain unknown quantities of other gaseous constituents.
Bridging the Gap between Crisis Response Operations and Systems
Khalil, Khaled M; Nazmy, Taymour T; Salem, Abdel-Badeeh M
There exist huge problems in the current practice of crisis response operations. Response problems are projected as a combination of failure in communication, failure in technology, failure in methodology, failure of management, and finally failure of observation. In this paper we compare eight crisis response systems namely: DrillSim [2, 13], DEFACTO [12, 17], ALADDIN [1, 6], RoboCup Rescue [11, 15], FireGrid [3, 8, 18], WIPER [16], D-AESOP [4], and PLAN C [14]. Comparison results will disclose the cause of failure of current crisis response operations (the response gap). Based on comparison results; we provide recommendations for bridging this gap between response operations and systems.
CAP 6010 -Multimedia Systems Prerequisites: COP 4610 Operating Systems or permission of instructor
Furht, Borko
CAP 6010 - Multimedia Systems Prerequisites: COP 4610 Operating Systems or permission of instructor Course Description: Multimedia systems concepts and characteristics. Multimedia compression techniques. Systems architectures for multimedia. Multimedia networking, communications, and synchronization
Investigating alternative concepts of operations for a maritime security system of systems
Mekdeci, Brian Anthony
For complex systems of systems, such as those required to perform maritime security, system architects have numerous choices they may select from, both in the components and in the way the system operates. Component choices, ...
An Agent-Based Test Bed for the Integrated Study of Retail and Wholesale Power System Operations
Tesfatsion, Leigh
An Agent-Based Test Bed for the Integrated Study of Retail and Wholesale Power System Operations D study of retail and wholesale power markets operating over transmission and distribution networks with smart-grid functionality. The test bed will seam together two existing test beds, the AMES Wholesale
Operational test report -- Project W-320 cathodic protection systems
Bowman, T.J.
Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-303-640 specifies that corrosion protection must be designed into tank systems that treat or store dangerous wastes. Project W-320, Waste Retrieval Sluicing System (WRSS), utilizes underground encased waste transfer piping between tanks 241-C-106 and 241-AY-102. Corrosion protection is afforded to the encasements of the WRSS waste transfer piping through the application of earthen ionic currents onto the surface of the piping encasements. Cathodic protection is used in conjunction with the protective coatings that are applied upon the WRSS encasement piping. WRSS installed two new two rectifier systems (46 and 47) and modified one rectifier system (31). WAC 173-303-640 specifies that the proper operation of cathodic protection systems must be confirmed within six months after initial installation. The WRSS cathodic protection systems were energized to begin continuous operation on 5/5/98. Sixteen days after the initial steady-state start-up of the WRSS rectifier systems, the operational testing was accomplished with procedure OTP-320-006 Rev/Mod A-0. This operational test report documents the OTP-320-006 results and documents the results of configuration testing of integrated piping and rectifier systems associated with the W-320 cathodic protection systems.
The design and implementation of a distributed hierarchy for overcurrent protection and monitoring of a power distribution system
Zeigler, John Charles
which provides coordinated control of each of the Overcurrent Relays within a substation. The third level consists of an Engineering Computer Facility which provides engineering support and coordinated control of all the Remote Terminal Units... be made locally. Since most distribution substations are unmanned, this requires a special service trip by a meter reading crew. Thus, this information is not immediately available to system operators who must constantly determine the most efficient...
Real-time Pricing Leading to Optimal Operation under Distributed Decision Makings
Hespanha, JoŃo Pedro
such as renewable, micro-combined heat and power systems as well as energy storage systems such as batteries and development on the future power grid in which small but variety and a huge number of distributed generators, since the legacy power grid is intended for delivering energy from centralized power generators
Noninterference for a Practical DIFCBased Operating System Maxwell Krohn
, MA Abstract---The Flume system is an implementation of decentralized information flow control (DIFC systems like Asbestos, arguing that the latter is inherently susceptible to certain wideŁbandwidth covert that Distributed Information Flow Control (DIFC) [4] solves important applicationŁlevel security problems for real
Tools for Continuously Evaluating Distributed System Qualities James H. Hill
Schmidt, Douglas C.
throughout the software lifecycle [9]. For ex- ample, test-driven development and continuous integration, and security) for distributed systems has historically occurred late in the software lifecycle. As a result the software lifecycle. Keywords. agile techniques, continuous system inte- gration, distributed systems
Dynamically Quantifying and Improving the Reliability of Distributed Storage Systems
Bianchini, Ricardo
Dynamically Quantifying and Improving the Reliability of Distributed Storage Systems Rekha Bachwani-scale storage systems can be significantly improved by using bet- ter reliability metrics and more efficient on a distributed storage system based on erasure codes. We find that MinI improves relia- bility significantly
Maximizing Service Reliability in Distributed Computing Systems with Random Node
Hayat, Majeed M.
Maximizing Service Reliability in Distributed Computing Systems with Random Node Failures: Theory Member, IEEE Abstract--In distributed computing systems (DCSs) where server nodes can fail permanently with nonzero probability, the system performance can be assessed by means of the service reliability, defined
The CERN Beam Interlock System: Principle and Operational Experience
Puccio, B; Kwiatkowski, M; Romera Ramirez, I; Todd, B
A complex Machine Protection System has been designed to protect the LHC machine from an accidental release of the beam energy, with about 20 subsystems providing status information to the Beam Interlock System that is the backbone of machine protection. Only if the subsystems are in the correct state for beam operation, the Beam Interlock System receives a status flag and beam can be injected into LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The Beam Interlock System also relays commands from the connected subsystems in case of failure for triggering the LHC Beam Dumping System. To maintain the required level of safety of the Beam Interlock System, the performance of the key components is verified before every fill of the machine and validated after every emergency beam dump before beam operation is allowed to continue. This includes all critical paths, starting from the inputs from connected systems triggering a beam dump request, followed by the correct interruption and propagation sequence of the two redundant beam permi...
Optimal monitoring and visualization of steady state power system operationĀ
Xu, Bei
3. Matrix conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 E. Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1. IEEE 14-bus system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 a. Case 1: State estimation without measure- ment... errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 b. Case 2: Introducing bad data . . . . . . . . . . . 25 c. Case 3: Operating the UPFC at its capacity limit 26 d. Case 4: Controller parameter determination . . . 27 2. IEEE 57-bus system...
Process for Managing and Customizing HPC Operating Systems
Brown, David ML
A process for maintaining a custom HPC operating system was developed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) over the past ten years. This process is generic and flexible to manage continuous change as well as keep systems updated while managing communication through well defined pieces of software.
Operability test report for K east basin canister cleaning system
Crystal, J.B.
This document summarizes test data computed during the operability test procedure for the K East Basin Canister Cleaning System. Test Results show that the canister cleaning system successfully lowered the dose of each canister tested so that each canister could be disposed of as low level waste.
Water Heaters and Hot Water Distribution Systems
Lutz, Jim
Transportation Water Heaters and Hot Water DistributionLaboratory). 2008. Water Heaters and Hot Water Distributionfor instantaneous gas water heaters; and pressure loss
Kahn, E.
and deal only with solar cogeneration units that are assumedand Distributed. cogeneration). These provide just underparameters. as conventional cogeneration units. technologies
Cryogenic system operating experience review for fusion applications
Cadwallader, L.C.
This report presents a review of cryogenic system operating experiences, from particle accelerator, fusion experiment, space research, and other applications. Safety relevant operating experiences and accident information are discussed. Quantitative order-of-magnitude estimates of cryogenic component failure rates and accident initiating event frequencies are presented for use in risk assessment, reliability, and availability studies. Safety concerns with cryogenic systems are discussed, including ozone formation, effects of spills, and modeling spill behavior. This information should be useful to fusion system designers and safety analysts, such as the team working on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor design.
Expert operator preferences in remote manipulator control systems
Sundstrom, E. [Human Machine Interfaces, Inc., Knoxville, TN (United States); Draper, J.V. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Fausz, A.; Woods, H. [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
This report describes a survey of expert remote manipulator operators designed to identify features of control systems related to operator efficiency and comfort. It provides information for designing the control center for the Single-Shell Tank Waste Retrieval Manipulator System (TWRMS) Test Bed, described in a separate report. Research questions concerned preferred modes of control, optimum work sessions, sources of operator fatigue, importance of control system design features, and desired changes in control rooms. Participants comprised four expert remote manipulator operators at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, who individually have from 9 to 20 years of experience using teleoperators. The operators had all used rate and position control, and all preferred bilateral (force-reflecting) position control. They reported spending an average of 2.75 h in control of a teleoperator system during a typical shift. All were accustomed to working in a crew of two and alternating control and support roles in 2-h rotations in an 8-h shift. Operators reported that fatigue in using remote manipulator systems came mainly from watching TV monitors and making repetitive motions. Three of four experienced symptoms, including headaches and sore eyes, wrists, and back. Of 17 features of control rooms rated on importance, highest ratings went to comfort and support provided by the operator chair, location of controls, location of video monitors, video image clarity, types of controls, and control modes. When asked what they wanted to change, operators said work stations designed for comfort; simpler, lighter hand-controls; separate controls for each camera; better placement of remote camera; color monitors; and control room layouts that support crew interaction. Results of this small survey reinforced the importance of ergonomic factors in remote manipulation.
Holistic Evaluation of Lightweight Operating Systems using the PERCU Method
Kramer, William T.C.; He, Yun (Helen); Carter, Jonathan; Glenski, Joseph; Rippe, Lynn; Cardo, Nicholas
The scale of Leadership Class Systems presents unique challenges to the features and performance of operating system services. This paper reports results of comprehensive evaluations of two Light Weight Operating Systems (LWOS), Cray's Catamount Virtual Node (CVN) and Linux Environment (CLE) operating systems, on the exact same large-scale hardware. The evaluation was carried out over a 5-month period on NERSC's 19,480 core Cray XT-4, Franklin, using a comprehensive evaluation method that spans Performance, Effectiveness, Reliability, Consistency and Usability criteria for all major subsystems and features. The paper presents the results of the comparison between CVN and CLE, evaluates their relative strengths, and reports observations regarding the world's largest Cray XT-4 as well.
The Texas Wholesale Meat Distribution Industry -- Structure, Operational Characteristics and Competitive Practices.
Dietrich, Raymond A.
[Blank Page in Original Bulletin] The Texas Wholesale Meat Distribution Industry - Structure, Operational Characteristics, and Competitive Practices Mentior, of a tradehark or a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty... regard to race, color, religion, sex, age, or national origin. [Blank Page in Original Bulletin] CONTENTS Page Highlights Introduction ............9..8...v..000..000*.00.00.t8 1 Structural Characteristics of the U . S . and Texas Wholesale Meat...
Sensor Networks for Monitoring and Control of Water Distribution Systems
Whittle, Andrew
Water distribution systems present a significant challenge for structural monitoring. They comprise a complex network of pipelines buried underground that are relatively inaccessible. Maintaining the integrity of these ...
Laser spark distribution and ignition system - Energy Innovation...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
power pulse. The laser spark distribution and ignition system has application in natural gas fueled reciprocating engines, turbine combustors, explosives and laser induced...
Carbon and Water Resource Management for Water Distribution Systems
Hendrickson, Thomas Peter
23 4.5 Water-Energy SustainabilityWater Distribution System Water-energy Sustainability ToolWastewater-energy Sustainability Tool v Ā Acknowledgements
NiSource Energy Technologies Inc.: System Integration of Distributed Power for Complete Building Systems
Not Available
Summarizes NiSource Energy Technologies' work under contract to DOE's Distribution and Interconnection R&D. Includes studying distributed generation interconnection issues and CHP system performance.
System and method of cylinder deactivation for optimal engine torque-speed map operation
Sujan, Vivek A; Frazier, Timothy R; Follen, Kenneth; Moon, Suk-Min
This disclosure provides a system and method for determining cylinder deactivation in a vehicle engine to optimize fuel consumption while providing the desired or demanded power. In one aspect, data indicative of terrain variation is utilized in determining a vehicle target operating state. An optimal active cylinder distribution and corresponding fueling is determined from a recommendation from a supervisory agent monitoring the operating state of the vehicle of a subset of the total number of cylinders, and a determination as to which number of cylinders provides the optimal fuel consumption. Once the optimal cylinder number is determined, a transmission gear shift recommendation is provided in view of the determined active cylinder distribution and target operating state.
The Nevada railroad system: Physical, operational, and accident characteristics
This report provides a description of the operational and physical characteristics of the Nevada railroad system. To understand the dynamics of the rail system, one must consider the system`s physical characteristics, routing, uses, interactions with other systems, and unique operational characteristics, if any. This report is presented in two parts. The first part is a narrative description of all mainlines and major branchlines of the Nevada railroad system. Each Nevada rail route is described, including the route`s physical characteristics, traffic type and volume, track conditions, and history. The second part of this study provides a more detailed analysis of Nevada railroad accident characteristics than was presented in the Preliminary Nevada Transportation Accident Characterization Study (DOE, 1990).
Optimal restoration of power supply in large distribution systems in developing countries
Devi, V.S.; Sen Gupta, D.P. [Indian Inst. of Science, Bangalore (India). Dept. of Electrical Engineering; Anandalingam, G. [Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States). Dept. of Systems Engineering
A computer aided optimal method has been developed for the restoration of electric supply to areas isolated from the network following a fault in a distribution system. A search technique is used where the search is guided by appropriate heuristics. The optimum solution entails finding the strategy which involves the operation of minimum number of switch gear for rerouting the supply within the constraint of specified loading. This is an essential requirement in countries like India where the circuit breakers are almost always manually operated and a number of transformers and feeders operate close to their rated capacity. It pays therefore to adopt different strategies at peak load and off peak conditions since the number of breaker operations is so critical. The heuristic search that is developed is applied to a large distribution system and provides very good results.
ENG EC/ME/SE 543 Sustainable Power Systems Page 1/5 ENG EC/ME/SE 543 Sustainable Power Systems: Planning, Operation, and Markets
ENG EC/ME/SE 543 Sustainable Power Systems Page 1/5 Syllabus ENG EC/ME/SE 543 Sustainable Power of power systems and presents their interaction in the design and operation of markets that foster systems. Course Overview We review the key characteristics of Electric Power Transmission and Distribution
Commercial thermal distribution systems, Final report for CIEE/CEC
Xu, T.
another Building? Cooling Capacity SUPPLY-AIR SYSTEM CoolingMODE. During cooling operation, the supply temperature swingafter the cooling coil), the supply air temperature rise may
GSpace: Tailorable Data Distribution in Shared Data Space Systems
Mousavi, Mohammad
GSpace: Tailorable Data Distribution in Shared Data Space Systems Giovanni Russello1, Michel. The shared data space model has proven to be an effective paradigm for building distributed applications. However, building an efficient distributed implementation remains a challenge. A plethora of different
An operational and institutional modular analysis framework of Transmission and System Operator
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
to internalise network externality in energy price. The nodal pricing is in theory the most efficient method since the power flows externality is internalised in the energy market. It gives an energy price per PLUMEL Energy Department at Supelec Abstract Transmission and System Operator (TSO) is the power flows
Auslander, David; Culler, David; Wright, Paul; Lu, Yan; Piette, Mary
The goal of the 2.5 year Distributed Intelligent Automated Demand Response (DIADR) project was to reduce peak electricity load of Sutardja Dai Hall at UC Berkeley by 30% while maintaining a healthy, comfortable, and productive environment for the occupants. We sought to bring together both central and distributed control to provide ōdeepö demand response1 at the appliance level of the building as well as typical lighting and HVAC applications. This project brought together Siemens Corporate Research and Siemens Building Technology (the building has a Siemens Apogee Building Automation System (BAS)), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (leveraging their Open Automated Demand Response (openADR), Auto-ŁDemand Response, and building modeling expertise), and UC Berkeley (related demand response research including distributed wireless control, and grid-Łto-Łbuilding gateway development). Sutardja Dai Hall houses the Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society (CITRIS), which fosters collaboration among industry and faculty and students of four UC campuses (Berkeley, Davis, Merced, and Santa Cruz). The 141,000 square foot building, occupied in 2009, includes typical office spaces and a nanofabrication laboratory. Heating is provided by a district heating system (steam from campus as a byproduct of the campus cogeneration plant); cooling is provided by one of two chillers: a more typical electric centrifugal compressor chiller designed for the cool months (Nov-Ł March) and a steam absorption chiller for use in the warm months (April-ŁOctober). Lighting in the open office areas is provided by direct-Łindirect luminaries with Building Management System-Łbased scheduling for open areas, and occupancy sensors for private office areas. For the purposes of this project, we focused on the office portion of the building. Annual energy consumption is approximately 8053 MWh; the office portion is estimated as 1924 MWh. The maximum peak load during the study period was 1175 kW. Several new tools facilitated this work, such as the Smart Energy Box, the distributed load controller or Energy Information Gateway, the web-Łbased DR controller (dubbed the Central Load-ŁShed Coordinator or CLSC), and the Demand Response Capacity Assessment & Operation Assistance Tool (DRCAOT). In addition, an innovative data aggregator called sMAP (simple Measurement and Actuation Profile) allowed data from different sources collected in a compact form and facilitated detailed analysis of the building systems operation. A smart phone application (RAP or Rapid Audit Protocol) facilitated an inventory of the buildingÆs plug loads. Carbon dioxide sensors located in conference rooms and classrooms allowed demand controlled ventilation. The extensive submetering and nimble access to this data provided great insight into the details of the building operation as well as quick diagnostics and analyses of tests. For example, students discovered a short-Łcycling chiller, a stuck damper, and a leaking cooling coil in the first field tests. For our final field tests, we were able to see how each zone was affected by the DR strategies (e.g., the offices on the 7th floor grew very warm quickly) and fine-Łtune the strategies accordingly.
Method for operating a combustor in a fuel cell system
Clingerman, Bruce J. (Palmyra, NY); Mowery, Kenneth D. (Noblesville, IN)
In one aspect, the invention provides a method of operating a combustor to heat a fuel processor to a desired temperature in a fuel cell system, wherein the fuel processor generates hydrogen (H.sub.2) from a hydrocarbon for reaction within a fuel cell to generate electricity. More particularly, the invention provides a method and select system design features which cooperate to provide a start up mode of operation and a smooth transition from start-up of the combustor and fuel processor to a running mode.
Underground distribution cable incipient fault diagnosis system
Jaafari Mousavi, Mir Rasoul
INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREFACE The power industry has been developing into a challenging and competitive environment due to the ongoing restructuring and deregulation. This structural change has required the electric utilities to reduce operating costs...
Analysis Model for Domestic Hot Water Distribution Systems: Preprint
Maguire, J.; Krarti, M.; Fang, X.
A thermal model was developed to estimate the energy losses from prototypical domestic hot water (DHW) distribution systems for homes. The developed model, using the TRNSYS simulation software, allows researchers and designers to better evaluate the performance of hot water distribution systems in homes. Modeling results were compared with past experimental study results and showed good agreement.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRI-bution systems poses new challenges
Dixon, Juan
are covered in a separate article. The six articles in this issue review the past, present, and the future level to respond to new energy challenges and the restruc- tured environment. The need for a change in the distribution systems of the 21st century. The Past Toward the end of the 19th century, dc distribution systems
On Correlated Availability in Internet-Distributed Systems Derrick Kondo
Boyer, Edmond
On Correlated Availability in Internet-Distributed Systems Derrick Kondo INRIA, France dkondo measure and characterize the time dynamics of availability in a large-scale Internet- distributed system with over 110,000 hosts. Our char- acterization focuses on identifying patterns of corre- lated availability
The Initial Development of a Computerized Operator Support System
Roger Lew; Ronald L Boring; Thomas A Ulrich; Ken Thomas
A computerized operator support system (COSS) is a collection of resilient software technologies to assist operators in monitoring overall nuclear power plant performance and making timely, informed decisions on appropriate control actions for the projected plant condition. The COSS provides rapid assessments, computations, and recommendations to reduce workload and augment operator judgment and decision-making during fast- moving, complex events. A prototype COSS for a chemical volume control system at a nuclear power plant has been developed in order to demonstrate the concept and provide a test bed for further research. The development process identified four underlying elements necessary for the prototype, which consist of a digital alarm system, computer-based procedures, piping and instrumentation diagram system representations, and a recommender module for mitigation actions. An operational prototype resides at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) using the U.S. Department of EnergyÆs (DOE) Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Human Systems Simulation Laboratory (HSSL). Several human-machine interface (HMI) considerations are identified and incorporated in the prototype during this initial round of development.
Integrated Computing, Communication, and Distributed Control of Deregulated Electric Power Systems
Bajura, Richard; Feliachi, Ali
Restructuring of the electricity market has affected all aspects of the power industry from generation to transmission, distribution, and consumption. Transmission circuits, in particular, are stressed often exceeding their stability limits because of the difficulty in building new transmission lines due to environmental concerns and financial risk. Deregulation has resulted in the need for tighter control strategies to maintain reliability even in the event of considerable structural changes, such as loss of a large generating unit or a transmission line, and changes in loading conditions due to the continuously varying power consumption. Our research efforts under the DOE EPSCoR Grant focused on Integrated Computing, Communication and Distributed Control of Deregulated Electric Power Systems. This research is applicable to operating and controlling modern electric energy systems. The controls developed by APERC provide for a more efficient, economical, reliable, and secure operation of these systems. Under this program, we developed distributed control algorithms suitable for large-scale geographically dispersed power systems and also economic tools to evaluate their effectiveness and impact on power markets. Progress was made in the development of distributed intelligent control agents for reliable and automated operation of integrated electric power systems. The methodologies employed combine information technology, control and communication, agent technology, and power systems engineering in the development of intelligent control agents for reliable and automated operation of integrated electric power systems. In the event of scheduled load changes or unforeseen disturbances, the power system is expected to minimize the effects and costs of disturbances and to maintain critical infrastructure operational.
At the U. S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State, 216 million liters (57 million gallons) of nuclear waste is currently stored in aging underground tanks, threatening the Columbia River. The River Protection Project (RPP), a fully integrated system of waste storage, retrieval, treatment, and disposal facilities, is in varying stages of design, construction, operation, and future planning. These facilities face many overlapping technical, regulatory, and financial hurdles to achieve site cleanup and closure. Program execution is ongoing, but completion is currently expected to take approximately 40 more years. Strategic planning for the treatment of Hanford tank waste is by nature a multi-faceted, complex and iterative process. To help manage the planning, a report referred to as the RPP System Plan is prepared to provide a basis for aligning the program scope with the cost and schedule, from upper-tier contracts to individual facility operating plans. The Hanford Tank Waste Operations Simulator (HTWOS), a dynamic flowsheet simulation and mass balance computer model, is used to simulate the current planned RPP mission, evaluate the impacts of changes to the mission, and assist in planning near-term facility operations. Development of additional modeling tools, including an operations research model and a cost model, will further improve long-term planning confidence. The most recent RPP System Plan, Revision 4, was published in September 2009.
Monitoring, safety systems for LNG and LPG operators
True, W.R.
Operators in Korea and Australia have chosen monitoring and control systems in recent contracts for LNG and LPG storage. Korea Gas Corp. (Kogas) has hired Whessoe Varec, Calais, to provide monitoring systems for four LNG storage tanks being built at Kogas` Inchon terminal. For Elgas Ltd., Port Botany, Australia, Whessoe Varec has already shipped a safety valve-shutdown system to a new LPG cavern-storage facility under construction. The paper describes the systems, terminal monitoring, dynamic approach to tank management, and meeting the growing demand for LPG.
Build, Own, Operate and Maintain (BOOM) Boiler Systems
Henry, T.
that does not require capital investment. Option: Develop a partnership with an Energy Service Company (ESCO) and lending institution designed to "off-load" all utility system generation, delivery, operation and maintenance. In many cases extend... corporations, colleges and universities. Issues: To remain competitive and provide for growth, corporations and not-for-profit (NFP) organizations have changed the way they look at their energy systems: ? They are only allocating capital to "core" assets...
Cold weather hydrogen generation system and method of operation
Dreier, Ken Wayne (Madison, CT); Kowalski, Michael Thomas (Seymour, CT); Porter, Stephen Charles (Burlington, CT); Chow, Oscar Ken (Simsbury, CT); Borland, Nicholas Paul (Montpelier, VT); Goyette, Stephen Arthur (New Hartford, CT)
A system for providing hydrogen gas is provided. The system includes a hydrogen generator that produces gas from water. One or more heat generation devices are arranged to provide heating of the enclosure during different modes of operation to prevent freezing of components. A plurality of temperature sensors are arranged and coupled to a controller to selectively activate a heat source if the temperature of the component is less than a predetermined temperature.
Using Energy Management Control Systems for HVAC Operational Diagnostics
Stum, K.
USING ENERGY MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR HVAC OPERATIONAL DIAGNOSTICS Karl Stum, P.E. Portland Energy Conservation, Inc. 92 1 SW Washington, Suite 3 12 Portland, OR 97205 503-248-4636 Fax 503-295-0820 ABSTRACT The power and flexibility... Proceedings, June 1997. Meyers, S.; E. Mills; A. Chen; L. Demsetz "Building Data Visualization for Diagnostics," ASHRAE Journal, June 1996. PECl (Portland Energy Conservation, Inc.). Energy Management C0ntrof Systems-A Practical Guiak, 1997. Sparks, R...
Operation and Control of Full Ice-storage System
Liu, Q.; Liu, Y.
In a dividing time ice-storage system, the refrigerator does not operate during power's on-peak period, and all the cooling is supplied by the ice stored in off-peak period, so that the use of electricity can be maintained. When the ice is thawing...
Interface between Engineering and Market Operations in Restructured Electricity Systems
1 Interface between Engineering and Market Operations in Restructured Electricity Systems Hung and elaborate some basic implications of engineering practices for designs of wholesale markets. This analysis is intended to provide a basis for enhancements to existing principles of engineering management. Wholesale
Model Predictability-Form Lorenz System to Operational Ocean and
Chu, Peter C.
Model Predictability- Form Lorenz System to Operational Ocean and Atmospheric Models Peter C Chu. Poberezhny, 2002: Power law decay in model predictability skill. Geophysical Research Letters, 29 (15), 10 Six Months Four-Times Daily Data From July 9, 1998 for Verification #12;Model Generated Velocity
Energy Management in Mobile Devices with the Cinder Operating System
Levis, Philip
Energy Management in Mobile Devices with the Cinder Operating System Arjun Roy, Stephen M. Rumble and applications to con- trol and manage limited device resources such as energy. Cinder introduces two new hoarding unused energy. Cinder additionally institutes a global half-life to prevent malicious applications
Improving Turbocharged Diesel Engine Operation with Turbo Power Assist System
Stefanopoulou, Anna
Improving Turbocharged Diesel Engine Operation with Turbo Power Assist System I. Kolmanovsky A. G Engineering, UC, Santa Barbara Abstract The paper investigates improvements in the tur- bocharged diesel problem. Comparison with a conventional turbocharged diesel engine reveals the mechanism by which
Managing Abnormal Operation through Process Integration and Cogeneration Systems
Kamrava, Serveh
& Webster Company, Linde company method. *ōPart of this chapter is reprinted with permission from ōManaging abnormal operation through process integration and cogeneration systemsö by Serveh... (75% for ethane to 28% for hydrogenated gasoline). In Linde method ethylene and propylene is produced from ethane to naphta hydrocarbons by thermal cracking method. Ethylene efficiency is different for different feedstock. For gasoline, naphta...
absorption system operating: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
absorption system operating First Page Previous Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Next Page Last Page Topic Index 1 Life Cycle cost Analysis of...
WRAP 1, operational test report 80X non-destructive examination system
Bottenus, R.J.
This Operational Test Report was performed to verify the WRAP 1 Facility 80X Non-Destructive Examination systems operate in accordance with the system designs and specifications.
Minimizing Energy Consumption in a Water Distribution System: A Systems Modeling Approach
Johnston, John
In a water distribution system from groundwater supply, the bulk of energy consumption is expended at pump stations. These pumps pressurize the water and transport it from the aquifer to the distribution system and to elevated storage tanks. Each...
Operating experience with the Argonne PIIECR ion source system
Pardo, R.C.; Billquist, P.J.
The Argonne PIIECR ion source is the first ECR in source system to operate on a high voltage (350 kV) platform. The system is the injector into a new superconducting linac which will eventually provide beams over the entire periodic table, including uranium. The experience we have had with the system to date will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on the source performance with solid materials and the initial performance of the system as an injector to the superconducting linac. The bunching system which is part of the overall source system allows a determination of the system longitudinal emittance. Results of these initial measurements will be presented. 4 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Hanford Environmental Information System (HEIS) Operator`s Manual. Volume 1
Schreck, R.I.
The Hanford Environmental Information System (HEIS) is a consolidated set of automated resources that effectively manage the data gathered during environmental monitoring and restoration of the Hanford Site. The HEIS includes an integrated database that provides consistent and current data to all users and promotes sharing of data by the entire user community. This manual describes the facilities available to the operational user who is responsible for data entry, processing, scheduling, reporting, and quality assurance. A companion manual, the HEIS User`s Manual, describes the facilities available-to the scientist, engineer, or manager who uses the system for environmental monitoring, assessment, and restoration planning; and to the regulator who is responsible for reviewing Hanford Site operations against regulatory requirements and guidelines.
Development and operation of a photovoltaic power system for use at remote Antarctic sites
Piszczor, M.F.; Kohout, L.L.; Manzo, M. [National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH (United States). Lewis Research Center; Colozza, A.J. [NYMA, Brook Park, OH (United States)
A photovoltaic power system, designed and built at the NASA Lewis Research Center, has successfully operated over the past two summer seasons at a remote site in Antarctica, providing utility-type power for a six-person field team. The system was installed at the Lake Hoare site for approximately five weeks during late 1992, put into storage for the Antarctic winter, and then used again during the 1993 season. The photovoltaic power system consists of three silicon photovoltaic sub-arrays delivering a total of 1.5 kWe peak power, three lead-acid gel battery modules supplying 2.4 kWh, and an electrical distribution system which delivers 120 Vac and 12 Vdc to the user. The system worked extremely well in providing quiet, reliable power. The experience gained from early system demonstrations such as this should be beneficial in accelerating the transition toward future PV systems in Antarctica and other similar areas.
Kozak, Victor R.
on CAMAC devices. Growing requirements to functions, parameters and reliability of automation components and distributing panels between terminal equipment and control devices implemented in CAMAC standard. For avoiding this problem there was decided to implement new devices as embedded devices into end equipment. We assumed
Hybrid Control Network Intrusion Detection Systems for Automated Power Distribution Systems
Parvania, Masood; Koutsandria, Georgia; Muthukumar, Vishak; Peisert, Sean; McParland, Chuck; Scaglione, Anna
Security protocols against cyber attacks in the distributioncyber security weak- ness and system fragility of power distribution
Distributed Energy System Validation, Commissioning and
................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Sunny Boy PV Inverter System................................................................................ 9 3.1 PV System to Sunny Boy Inverter............................................................................ 9 3.2 Sunny Boy Inverter to PV Sub
An analysis of distributed solar fuel systems
Thomas, Alex, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
While solar fuel systems offer tremendous potential to address global clean energy needs, most existing analyses have focused on the feasibility of large centralized systems and applications. Not much research exists on ...
World Class Boilers and Steam Distribution System
Portell, V. P.
ōWorld classö is a term used to describe steam systems that rank in the top 20% of their industry based on quantitative system performance data and energy management for the facility. The rating is determined through a proceduralized assessment...
Applications of Optimal Building Energy System Selection and Operation
Marnay, Chris; Stadler, Michael; Siddiqui, Afzal; DeForest, Nicholas; Donadee, Jon; Bhattacharya, Prajesh; Lai, Judy
Berkeley Lab has been developing the Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM) for several years. Given load curves for energy services requirements in a building microgrid (u grid), fuel costs and other economic inputs, and a menu of available technologies, DER-CAM finds the optimum equipment fleet and its optimum operating schedule using a mixed integer linear programming approach. This capability is being applied using a software as a service (SaaS) model. Optimisation problems are set up on a Berkeley Lab server and clients can execute their jobs as needed, typically daily. The evolution of this approach is demonstrated by description of three ongoing projects. The first is a public access web site focused on solar photovoltaic generation and battery viability at large commercial and industrial customer sites. The second is a building CO2 emissions reduction operations problem for a University of California, Davis student dining hall for which potential investments are also considered. And the third, is both a battery selection problem and a rolling operating schedule problem for a large County Jail. Together these examples show that optimization of building u grid design and operation can be effectively achieved using SaaS.
Linac cryogenic distribution system maintenance and upgrades at JLab
Dixon, K.; Wright, M.; Ganni, V. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), Newport News, VA 23606 (United States)
The Central Helium Liquefier (CHL) distribution system to the CEBAF and FEL linacs at Jefferson Lab (JLab) experienced a planned warm up during the late summer and fall of 2012 for the first time after its commissioning in 1991. Various maintenance and modifications were performed to support high beam availability to the experimental users, meet 10 CFR 851 requirements for pressure systems, address operational issues, and prepare the cryogenic interfaces for the high-gradient cryomodules needed for the 12 GeV upgrade. Cryogenic maintenance and installation work had to be coordinated with other activities in the linacs and compete for manpower from other department installation activities. With less than a quarter of the gas storage capacity available to handle the boil-off from the more than 40 cryomodules, 35,000 Nm{sup 3} of helium was re-liquefied and shipped to a vendor via a liquid tanker trailer. Nearly 200 u-tubes had to be removed and stored while seals were replaced on related equipment such as vacuum pump outs, bayonet isolation and process valves.
Linac cryogenic distribution system maintenance and upgrades at Jlab
Dixon, Kelly D. [JLAB; Wright, Mathew C. [JLAB; Ganni, Venkatarao [JLAB
The Central Helium Liquefier (CHL) distribution system to the CEBAF and FEL linacs at Jefferson Lab (JLab) experienced a planned warm up during the late summer and fall of 2012 for the first time after its commissioning in 1991. Various maintenance and modifications were performed to support high beam availability to the experimental users, meet 10 CFR 851 requirements for pressure systems, address operational issues, and prepare the cryogenic interfaces for the high-gradient cryomodules needed for the 12 GeV upgrade. Cryogenic maintenance and installation work had to be coordinated with other activities in the linacs and compete for manpower from other department installation activities. With less than a quarter of the gas storage capacity available to handle the boil-off from the more than 40 cryomodules, 35,000 Nm{sup 3} of helium was re-liquefied and shipped to a vendor via a liquid tanker trailer. Nearly 200 u-tubes had to be removed and stored while seals were replaced on related equipment such as vacuum pump outs, bayonet isolation and process valves.
HEMP emergency planning and operating procedures for electric power systems
Reddoch, T.W.; Markel, L.C. (Electrotek Concepts, Inc., Knoxville, TN (United States))
Investigations of the impact of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) on electric power systems and electrical equipment have revealed that HEMP creates both misoperation and failures. These events result from both the early time E[sub 1] (steep-front pulse) component and the late time E[sub 3] (geomagnetic perturbations) component of HEMP. In this report a HEMP event is viewed in terms of its marginal impact over classical power system disturbances by considering the unique properties and consequences of HEMP. This report focuses on system-wide electrical component failures and their potential consequences from HEMP. In particular, the effectiveness of planning and operating procedures for electric systems is evaluated while under the influence of HEMP. This assessment relies on published data and characterizes utilities using the North American Electric Reliability Council's regions and guidelines to model electric power system planning and operations. Key issues addressed by the report include how electric power systems are affected by HEMP and what actions electric utilities can initiate to reduce the consequences of HEMP. The report also reviews the salient features of earlier HEMP studies and projects, examines technology trends in the electric power industry which are affected by HEMP, characterizes the vulnerability of power systems to HEMP, and explores the capability of electric systems to recover from a HEMP event.
National Ignition Facility Control and Information System Operational Tools
Marshall, C D; Beeler, R G; Bowers, G A; Carey, R W; Fisher, J M; Foxworthy, C B; Frazier, T M; Mathisen, D G; Lagin, L J; Rhodes, J J; Shaw, M J
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) in Livermore, California, is the world's highest-energy laser fusion system and one of the premier large scale scientific projects in the United States. The system is designed to setup and fire a laser shot to a fusion ignition or high energy density target at rates up to a shot every 4 hours. NIF has 192 laser beams delivering up to 1.8 MJ of energy to a {approx}2 mm target that is planned to produce >100 billion atm of pressure and temperatures of >100 million degrees centigrade. NIF is housed in a ten-story building footprint the size of three football fields as shown in Fig. 1. Commissioning was recently completed and NIF will be formally dedicated at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory on May 29, 2009. The control system has 60,000 hardware controls points and employs 2 million lines of control system code. The control room has highly automated equipment setup prior to firing laser system shots. This automation has a data driven implementation that is conducive to dynamic modification and optimization depending on the shot goals defined by the end user experimenters. NIF has extensive facility machine history and infrastructure maintenance workflow tools both under development and deployed. An extensive operational tools suite has been developed to support facility operations including experimental shot setup, machine readiness, machine health and safety, and machine history. The following paragraphs discuss the current state and future upgrades to these four categories of operational tools.
Performances of Induction System for Nanosecond Mode Operation
Krasnykh, Anatoly; /SLAC
An induction system comprises an array of single turn pulse transformers. Ferromagnetic cores of transformers are toroids that are stacked along the longitudinal core axis. Another name for this array is a fraction transformer or an adder. The primary and secondary windings of such a design have one turn. The step up mode is based on the number of primary pulse sources. The secondary windings are connected in series. Performances of such a system for the nanosecond range mode operation are different in comparison to the performances of traditional multi-turn pulse transformers, which are working on a 100+ nanosecond mode operation. In this paper, the author discusses which aspects are necessary to take into account for the high power nanosecond fractional transformer designs. The engineering method of the nanosecond induction system design is presented.
Feasibility study for a transportation operations system cask maintenance facility
Rennich, M.J.; Medley, L.G.; Attaway, C.R.
The US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) is responsible for the development of a waste management program for the disposition of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level waste (HLW). The program will include a transportation system for moving the nuclear waste from the sources to a geologic repository for permanent disposal. Specially designed casks will be used to safely transport the waste. The cask systems must be operated within limits imposed by DOE, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and the Department of Transportation (DOT). A dedicated facility for inspecting, testing, and maintaining the cask systems was recommended by the General Accounting Office (in 1979) as the best means of assuring their operational effectiveness and safety, as well as regulatory compliance. In November of 1987, OCRWM requested a feasibility study be made of a Cask Maintenance Facility (CMF) that would perform the required functions. 46 refs., 16 figs., 13 tabs.
System for controlling the operating temperature of a fuel cell
Fabis, Thomas R.; Makiel, Joseph M.; Veyo, Stephen E.
A method and system are provided for improved control of the operating temperature of a fuel cell (32) utilizing an improved temperature control system (30) that varies the flow rate of inlet air entering the fuel cell (32) in response to changes in the operating temperature of the fuel cell (32). Consistent with the invention an improved temperature control system (30) is provided that includes a controller (37) that receives an indication of the temperature of the inlet air from a temperature sensor (39) and varies the heat output by at least one heat source (34, 36) to maintain the temperature of the inlet air at a set-point Tinset. The controller (37) also receives an indication of the operating temperature of the fuel cell (32) and varies the flow output by an adjustable air mover (33), within a predetermined range around a set-point Fset, in order to maintain the operating temperature of the fuel cell (32) at a set-point Topset.
Bayesian derivation of plasma equilibrium distribution function for tokamak scenarios and the associated Landau collision operator
Di Troia, Claudio
A class of parametric distribution functions has been proposed in [C.DiTroia, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion,54,2012] as equilibrium distribution functions (EDFs) for charged particles in fusion plasmas, representing supra-thermal particles in anisotropic equilibria for Neutral Beam Injection, Ion Cyclotron Heating scenarios. Moreover, the EDFs can also represent nearly isotropic equilibria for Slowing-Down $alpha$ particles and core thermal plasma populations. These EDFs depend on constants of motion (COMs). Assuming an axisymmetric system with no equilibrium electric field, the EDF depends on the toroidal canonical momentum $P_\\phi$, the kinetic energy $w$ and the magnetic moment \\mu. In the present work, the EDFs are obtained from first principles and general hypothesis. The derivation is probabilistic and makes use of the Bayes' Theorem. The bayesian argument allows us to describe how far from the prior probability distribution function (pdf), e.g. Maxwellian, the plasma is, based on the information...
Modeling and Verification of Distributed Generation and Voltage Regulation Equipment for Unbalanced Distribution Power Systems; Annual Subcontract Report, June 2007
Davis, M. W.; Broadwater, R.; Hambrick, J.
This report summarizes the development of models for distributed generation and distribution circuit voltage regulation equipment for unbalanced power systems and their verification through actual field measurements.
Enhanced Recovery Utilizing Variable Frequency Drives and a Distributed Power System
Randy Peden; Sanjiv Shah
This report describes complete results of the project entitled ''Enhanced Recovery Utilizing Variable Frequency Drives and a Distributed Power System''. This demonstration project was initiated in July 2003 and completed in March 2005. The objective of the project was to develop an integrated power production/variable frequency drive system that could easily be deployed in the oil field that would increase production and decrease operating costs. This report describes all the activities occurred and documents results of the demonstration.
Automated Fault Location In Smart Distribution Systems
Lotfifard, Saeed
Quality Meters (PQM), are installed to capture harmonics and certain disturbances for analyzing the power quality indices. Digital Protective Relays are utilized to detect occurrence of the faults and isolate faulted section as fast as possible. Digital... Protective Relays) use synchronous methods [28]. Therefore, if the available data is provided by RTUs, fault location methods that operate based on direct comparison of the input samples cannot be 17 utilized. However, if the data could be gathered from...
Integrated Distribution Management System for Alabama Principal Investigator
Schatz, Joe
Southern Company Services, under contract with the Department of Energy, along with Alabama Power, Alstom Grid (formerly AREVA T&D) and others moved the work product developed in the first phase of the Integrated Distribution Management System (IDMS) from ōProof of Conceptö to true deployment through the activity described in this Final Report. This Project ¢ Integrated Distribution Management Systems in Alabama ¢ advanced earlier developed proof of concept activities into actual implementation and furthermore completed additional requirements to fully realize the benefits of an IDMS. These tasks include development and implementation of a Distribution System based Model that enables data access and enterprise application integration.
Concurrency control in heterogeneous distributed database systems
Rahman, Md. Rezaur
APPROACHES IN HDDBS . III. A Approaches Requiring Local DBMS Modihcations 17 19 III. B Approaches Without Local DBMS Modifications 22 IV A NEW APPROACH TO HDDBS CONCURRENCY CONTROL 30 IV. A The Concurrency Control Scheme 30 CIIA PTER Page IV. B... related to Database Systems in general which will be used consistently throughout this thesis. A Database system (DBS) consists of a set of dutiibiises (DB) which contain the data of interest and software, the database msnageinent system (DBMS), which...
Laser Spark Distribution and Ignition System
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
laser spark from a single low power pulse. The system has ap- plications in natural gas fueled reciprocating engines, turbine combustors, explosives, and laser induced...
Seismic Fragility of the LANL Fire Water Distribution System
Greg Mertz
The purpose of this report is to present the results of a site-wide system fragility assessment. This assessment focuses solely on the performance of the water distribution systems that supply Chemical and Metallurgy Research (CMR), Weapons Engineering and Tritium Facility (WETF), Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment Facility (RLWTF), Waste Characterization, Reduction, Repackaging Facility (WCRRF), and Transuranic Waste Inspectable Storage Project (TWISP). The analysis methodology is based on the American Lifelines Alliance seismic fragility formulations for water systems. System fragilities are convolved with the 1995 LANL seismic hazards to develop failure frequencies. Acceptance is determined by comparing the failure frequencies to the DOE-1020 Performance Goals. This study concludes that: (1) If a significant number of existing isolation valves in the water distribution system are closed to dedicate the entire water system to fighting fires in specific nuclear facilities; (2) Then, the water distribution systems for WETF, RLWTF, WCRRF, and TWISP meet the PC-2 performance goal and the water distribution system for CMR is capable of surviving a 0.06g earthquake. A parametric study of the WETF water distribution system demonstrates that: (1) If a significant number of valves in the water distribution system are NOT closed to dedicate the entire water system to fighting fires in WETF; (2) Then, the water distribution system for WETF has an annual probability of failure on the order of 4 x 10{sup -3} that does not meet the PC-2 performance goal. Similar conclusions are expected for CMR, RLWTF, WCRRF, and TWISP. It is important to note that some of the assumptions made in deriving the results should be verified by personnel in the safety-basis office and may need to be incorporated in technical surveillance requirements in the existing authorization basis documentation if credit for availability of fire protection water is taken at the PC-2 level earthquake levels. Assumptions are presented in Section 2.2 of this report.
Operation of dry-cleaned and agglomerated precompaction system (DAPS)
Tanaka, Shigemi; Okanishi, Kazuya; Kikuchi, Akio; Yamamura, Yuichi
In order to reduce the manufacturing cost of coke, it is necessary to reduce mainly (1) the material cost and (2) operating cost. Both of these costs can be reduced by lowering the moisture of charging coal. Because dust generation increases with decreasing moisture of charging coal, however, the lower limit of charging coal moisture in the existing coke-oven equipment was about 5%, which yielded good results in coal moisture control (CMC) equipment. Nippon Steel has furthered the development of techniques for lowering the moisture of charging coal as far as possible in the existing coke ovens and has recently succeeded in developing a dry-cleaned and agglomerated precompaction system (DAPS) and incorporating this system in commercial production equipment. In this system, a coal preparation process is undertaken that involves separating coal fines, which cause dust generation, from dried charging coal and agglomerating them. The equipment incorporating this system was installed in the No. 3 and No. 4 coke batteries at Oita Works and brought into full-scale operation in September 1992. The equipment has since been operating smoothly.
Hall, Christopher D.
compensation of an under-actuated system and coupled attitude control and energy storage techniques. Formation. INTRODUCTION Complex space systems are often both high-visibility and high-risk. However, programs that firstname.lastname@example.com 1 #12;custom hardware and software we have developed. The body of the paper presents information
Reliability Analysis of the Trigger Synchronisation and Distribution System of the LHC Beam Dumping System
Filippini, R
The Trigger Synchronisation and Distribution System (TSDS) is one of the core components of the LHC Beam Dumping System and an essential element to guarantee that operation with the beam is always safe. The most critical failure of the TSDS is the missed trigger and re-trigger of at least 2 MKD magnets. This report presents the modelling and analysis of the likelihood of the TSDS to develop such a failure scenario during operation. The analysis returns the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) for the TSDS, and the list of the most important contributors. Sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to the failure parameters and with respect to failure dependencies among components that are in the redundant sets. This includes a study of the common cause failures that are in the TSDS architecture. The results in terms of SIL for the TSDS will be compared to the SIL for the previous architecture which was operational until the Long Shutdown 1. Recommendations in order to obtain higher safety by design will also be gi...
Ductless Hydronic Distribution Systems | Department of Energy
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
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Distributed Generation Systems Inc | Open Energy Information
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Dynamic Interactions of PV units in Low Volatge Distribution Systems
Pota, Himanshu Roy
Dynamic Interactions of PV units in Low Volatge Distribution Systems M. J. Hossain, J. Lu Griffith. Abstract--Photovoltaic (PV) units along with other distributed energy resources (DERs) are located close, robust control, stability. I. Introduction The integration level of PV units in low and medium voltage
A Smart Energy System: Distributed Resource Management, Control and Optimization
Beigl, Michael
A Smart Energy System: Distributed Resource Management, Control and Optimization Yong Ding, Student of distributed energy resource and consumption management, which proposes to design a networked and embedded platform for realizing a dynamic energy mix and optimizing the energy consumption dy- namically. Based
Operating experience of a chilled water storage system
Pierpoint, T.J.; Marsilii, J.A.
The Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO) is actively studying methods, such as Thermal Energy Storage (TES), to reduce the summer peak growth rate. TES is a technology that can provide significant reductions in the summer on-peak demand level thereby aiding building owners in reducing their operating costs while helping utilities reduce summer peak load growth. From analysis of PEPCO's chilled water storage system in its Forestville, MD office building it is evident that for demand reduction to be achieved significant consideration must be placed in the operational strategies chosen for the TES system. The chiller priority strategy was chosen because it is straightforward to implement and provides security that stored chilled water will always be available. The building, operating under the chiller priority scenario, accomplished a maximum load reduction 20 kW in 1985 and an average summer season load reduction of 13.5 kW. Demand reductions of up to 50 kW were expected but not achieved largely due to the operational strategies chosen. An alternative approach is storage priority. If storage priority had been implemented for the 1985 cooling season, analysis indicate that the expected demand reductions of 50 kW could have been achieved. 7 figures, 2 tables.
On the Equivalence of Distributed Systems with Queries and Communication
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
On the Equivalence of Distributed Systems with Queries and Communication Serge Abiteboul INRIA, such as evaluate some query. We study the equivalence of such systems. We model a dis- tributed system such as sending, receiving and querying data. As our model is quite general, the equivalence problem turns out
A Calculus for Access Control in Distributed SystemsĀ
Abadi, Martin; Burrows, Michael; Lampson, Butler; Plotkin, Gordon
We study some of the concepts, protocols, and algorithms for access control in distributed systems, from a logical perspective. We account for how a principal may come to believe that another principal is making a request, ...
Impact of SolarSmart Subdivisions on SMUD's Distribution System
McNutt, P.; Hambrick, J.; Keesee, M.; Brown, D.
This study analyzes the distribution impacts of high penetrations of grid-integrated renewable energy systems, specifically photovoltaic (PV) equipped SolarSmart Homes found in the Anatolia III Residential Community.
Kahn, E.
Problems and Research Needs, EPRI EL-377-SR, February 1977.Electric Utility Systems, EPRI, EM-336, November, 1976. 24.of Large Generating Units EPRI WS-77-50, February 1978.
World Class Boilers and Steam Distribution SystemĀ
Portell, V. P.
environmental impacts are mitigated. Successful upgrading and maintenance of the energy system requires management support. This may necessitate changes in current practices, technical upgrades to equipment, additional personnel, or other resources. Managers...
Control and Operation of the LHCb Readout Boards using Embedded Microcontrollers and the PVSSII SCADA System
Koestner, Stefan
Control and Operation of the LHCb Readout Boards using Embedded Microcontrollers and the PVSSII SCADA System
Optimum Operation of In-Plant Cogeneration Systems
Craw, I. A.; Foster, D.; Reidy, K. D.
which plant simulation model and a mathematical optimization package can determine the optimum settings for control variables of the power plant and eliminate uncertainties associated with achieving the minimum cost operation. TENSA Services.... The systems have been developed over a 20 year period culminating with real time data collection and performance monitoring and real time optimization for a variety of plants, including heat and power cogeneration plants. ICI has found that they have...
Infinite-dimensional linear systems: a distributional approach
Opmeer, Mark
resolvent linear system and solve the linear quadratic optimal control problem for this class of systems contributions to the linear quadratic optimal control problem for operators on infinite-dimensional spaces. We quadratic optimal control problem on a finite time horizon for this class 1 #12;of systems. The infinite
FLOOD WARNING SYSTEM This brochure describes the flood warning system operated by the Australian Government,
Greenslade, Diana
's Flood Warning Centre in Brisbane. The system provides early warning of heavy rainfall and river risesFLOOD WARNING SYSTEM for the DON RIVER This brochure describes the flood warning system operated Local Information Don ALERT System Flood Warnings and Bulletins Interpreting Flood Warnings and River
Eliciting Safety Policy and Balancing with Operational Fitness in Systems of Systems
Kelly, Tim
Eliciting Safety Policy and Balancing with Operational Fitness in Systems of Systems Georgios Despotou High Integrity Systems Group Department of Computer Science University of York York, UK firstname.lastname@example.com Martin Hall-May High Integrity Systems Group Department of Computer Science University of York York, UK
Abstract--The reliability and quality of power distribution systems are usually affected by many different distribution faults.
Chow, Mo-Yuen
1 Abstract--The reliability and quality of power distribution systems are usually affected by many and to provide a more effective fault restoration system. Index Terms-- power distribution systems, statistical analysis, tree-caused distribution faults. I. INTRODUCTION OWER systems play a very important role in our
Photovoltaic Systems Interconnected onto Secondary Network Distribution Systems ¢ Success Stories
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
This report examines six case studies of photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated into secondary network systems. The six PV systems were chosen for evaluation because they are interconnected to secondary network systems located in four major Solar America Cities.
Optimization of Chilled Water Flow and Its Distribution in Central Cooling System
Maheshwari, G. P.; Hajiah, A. E.; ElSherbini, A. I.
inefficiency included improper distribution of chilled water in the main branches, and bypassing return water through non-operation chillers....
Parallel and Distributed Systems Speaker: Dick Epema
Kuzmanov, Georgi
systems Online Social Netw. #12;3 M.Sc. Thesis Projects: The Supervision ┬Ę We help you excel, without is international ┬Ę We often organize the top international conferences in our field #12;4 M.Sc. Thesis Projects concepts and show that they work ┬Ę For examples of previous MSc projects see the theses on the PDS website
Distributed Timing and Triggering Control System
Bowen, T., Huerta, J. A.
This document is a slide show type presentation regarding the need and realization of a new control system for work at the Nevada National Security Site. Commercial products that met the need are identified, both hardware and software. Particular emphasis is on the Integrated Signal Programmer.
Nanoscale Imaging of Lithium Ion Distribution During In Situ Operation of Battery Electrode and Electrolyte
Holtz, Megan E; Gunceler, Deniz; Gao, Jie; Sundararaman, Ravishankar; Schwarz, Kathleen A; Arias, Tomßs A; Abru±a, Hķctor D; Muller, David A
A major challenge in the development of new battery materials is understanding their fundamental mechanisms of operation and degradation. Their microscopically inhomogeneous nature calls for characterization tools that provide operando and localized information from individual grains and particles. Here we describe an approach that images the nanoscale distribution of ions during electrochemical charging of a battery in a transmission electron microscope liquid flow cell. We use valence energy-loss spectroscopy to track both solvated and intercalated ions, with electronic structure fingerprints of the solvated ions identified using an ab initio non-linear response theory. Equipped with the new electrochemical cell holder, nanoscale spectroscopy and theory, we have been able to determine the lithiation state of a LiFePO4 electrode and surrounding aqueous electrolyte in real time with nanoscale resolution during electrochemical charge and discharge. We follow lithium transfer between electrode and electrolyte a...
Methods and apparatuses for information analysis on shared and distributed computing systems
Bohn, Shawn J [Richland, WA; Krishnan, Manoj Kumar [Richland, WA; Cowley, Wendy E [Richland, WA; Nieplocha, Jarek [Richland, WA
Apparatuses and computer-implemented methods for analyzing, on shared and distributed computing systems, information comprising one or more documents are disclosed according to some aspects. In one embodiment, information analysis can comprise distributing one or more distinct sets of documents among each of a plurality of processes, wherein each process performs operations on a distinct set of documents substantially in parallel with other processes. Operations by each process can further comprise computing term statistics for terms contained in each distinct set of documents, thereby generating a local set of term statistics for each distinct set of documents. Still further, operations by each process can comprise contributing the local sets of term statistics to a global set of term statistics, and participating in generating a major term set from an assigned portion of a global vocabulary.
An interactive Virtual Reality simulation system for robot control and operator training
Miner, N.E.; Stansfield, S.A.
Robotic systems are often very complex and difficult to operate, especially as multiple robots are integrated to accomplish difficult tasks. In addition, training the operators of these complex robotic systems is time-consuming and costly. In this paper, a virtual reality based robotic control system is presented. The virtual reality system provides a means by which operators can operate, and be trained to operate, complex robotic systems in an intuitive, cost-effective way. Operator interaction with the robotic system is at a high, task-oriented, level. Continuous state monitoring prevents illegal robot actions and provides interactive feedback to the operator and real-time training for novice users.
An expert system for PWR core operation management
Ida, Toshio; Masuda, Masahiro; Nishioka, Hiromasa
Planning for restartup after planned or unplanned reactor shutdown and load-follow operations is an important task in the core operation management of pressurized water reactors (PWRs). These planning problems have been solved by planning experts using their expertise and the computational prediction of core behavior. Therefore, the quality of the plan and the time consumed in the planning depend heavily on the skillfulness of the planning experts. A knowledge engineering approach has been recently considered as a promising means to solve such complicated planning problems. Many knowledge-based systems have been developed so far, and some of them have already been applied because of their effectiveness. The expert system REPLEX has been developed to aid core management engineers in making a successful plan for the restartup or the load-follow operation of PWRs within a shorter time. It can maintain planning tasks at a high-quality level independent of the skillfulness of core management engineers and enhance the efficiency of management. REPLEX has an explanation function that helps user understanding of plans. It could be a useful took, therefore, for the training of core management engineers.
The Brookhaven 200MeV linac is a multipurpose machine used to inject low intensity polarized protons for RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider), as well as to inject high intensity protons to BLIP (Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer), a medical isotope production facility. If high intensity protons were injected to RHIC by mistake, administrative radiation limits could be exceeded or sensitive electronics could be damaged. In the past, the changeover from polarized proton to high intensity proton operation has been a lengthy process, thereby never allowing the two programs to run simultaneously. To remedy this situation and allow concurrent operation of RHIC and BLIP, an active interlock system has been designed to monitor current levels in the AGS using two current transformers with fail safe circuitry and associated electronics to inhibit beam to RHIC if high intensity currents are detected.
Photovoltaic Systems Interconnected onto Network Distribution Systems--Success Stories
Coddington, M.; Kroposki, B.; Basso, T.; Lynn, K.; Sammon, D.; Vaziri, M.; Yohn, T.
This report examines six case studies of photovoltaic systems integrated into secondary network systems in four major U.S. Solar America cities.
On the Equivalence of Distributed Systems with Queries and Communication$
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
On the Equivalence of Distributed Systems with Queries and Communication$ Serge Abiteboula , Balder a common goal, such as eval- uating some query. We study the equivalence of such systems. We model for performing tasks such as sending, receiving and querying data. As our model is quite general, the equivalence
Literature Review on Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Systems
Im, P.; Cho, S.; Haberl, J. S.
) ..................................................... 6 3.5. Task Ventilation Systems ................................................................................. 7 3.6. Recommendations from Experiences.............................................................. 8 IV. SUMMARY... transactions and journal papers are main sources about the UFAD systems. (More than 100 papers found) Elsevier Literature Search Engine: Keyword: Displacement Ventilation (26 papers found) Keyword: UnderFloor Air Distribution (2 papers found) Center...
Towards a Discipline of Geospatial Distributed Event Based Systems
Heaton, Thomas H.
Towards a Discipline of Geospatial Distributed Event Based Systems Annie Liu Computer Science, Caltech 1200 E California Blvd Pasadena, CA 91125, USA email@example.com ABSTRACT A geospatial system is one in which the state space in- cludes one, two or three-dimensional space and time. A geospatial
Optimal Dispatch of Photovoltaic Inverters in Residential Distribution Systems
Giannakis, Georgios
method for determining the active- and reactive-power set points for PV inverters in residential systems and ensuring voltage regulation. Binary PV-inverter selection variables and nonlinear power-flow relations--Distribution networks, inverter control, optimal power flow (OPF), photovoltaic (PV) systems, sparsity, voltage
Huang, Minyi
communication systems, power control is important at the user level in order to minimize energy requirements, a class of stochastic control problems is for- mulated which includes a fading channel model and a powerSTOCHASTIC CONTROL FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Minyi Huang
A satellite ocean color observation operator system for eutrophication assessment in coastal waters
Fontana, Cl├®ment
A satellite ocean color observation operator system for eutrophication assessment in coastal waters: Satellite ocean color Observation operator Eutrophication Remote sensing Radiative transfer modeling
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
THE PREV AIR SYSTEM, AN OPERATIONAL SYSTEM FOR LARGE SCALE AIR QUALITY FORECASTS OVER EUROPE Author ABSTRACT Since Summer 2003, the PREV'AIR system has been delivering through the Internet1 daily air quality forecasts over Europe. This is the visible part of a wider collaborative project
Operation of the Upgraded ATLAS Level-1 Central Trigger System
Glatzer, Julian Maximilian Volker; The ATLAS collaboration
The ATLAS Level-1 Central Trigger (L1CT) system is a central part of ATLAS data-taking and has undergone a major upgrade for Run 2 of the LHC, in order to cope with the expected increase of instantaneous luminosity of a factor of 2 with respect to Run 1. The upgraded hardware offers more flexibility in the trigger decisions due to the double amount of trigger inputs and usable trigger channels. It also provides an interface to the new topological trigger system. Operationally - particularly useful for commissioning, calibration and test runs - it allows concurrent running of up to 3 different sub-detector combinations. In this contribution, we give an overview of the operational software framework of the L1CT system with particular emphasis of the configuration, controls and monitoring aspects. The software framework allows a consistent configuration with respect to the ATLAS experiment and the LHC machine, upstream and downstream trigger processors, and the data acquisition. Trigger and dead-time rates are m...
Operation Diagnosis for Buildings Connecting Building Management Systems with Energy Management SystemsĀ
Mehler, G.
8th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations - ICEBO?08 Conference Center of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology Berlin, October 20 - 22, 2008 Dipl.-Ing. G?nther Mehler Johnson Controls Systems & Service Gmb...
Consolidation and Centralization of Waste Operations Business Systems - 12319
Newton, D. Dean [Oak Ridge Operations, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 (United States)
This abstract provides a comprehensive plan supporting the continued development and integration of all waste operations and waste management business systems. These include existing systems such as ATMS (Automated Transportation Management System), RadCalc, RFITS (Radio Frequency Identification Transportation System) Programs as well as incorporating key components of existing government developed waste management systems and COTS (Computer Off The Shelf) applications in order to deliver a truly integrated waste tracking and management business system. Some of these existing systems to be integrated include IWTS at Idaho National Lab, WIMS at Sandia National Lab and others. The aggregation of data and consolidation into a single comprehensive business system delivers best practices in lifecycle waste management processes to be delivered across the Department of Energy facilities. This concept exists to reduce operational costs to the federal government by combining key business systems into a centralized enterprise application following the methodology that as contractors change, the tools they use to manage DOE's assets do not. IWITS is one efficient representation of a sound architecture currently supporting multiple DOE sites from a waste management solution. The integration of ATMS, RadCalc and RFITS and the concept like IWITS into a single solution for DOE contractors will result in significant savings and increased efficiencies for DOE. Building continuity and solving collective problems can only be achieved through mass collaboration, resulting in an online community that DOE contractors and subcontractors access common applications, allowing for the collection of business intelligence at an unprecedented level. This is a fundamental shift from a solely 'for profit' business model to a 'for purpose' business model. To the conventional-minded, putting values before profit is an unfamiliar and unnatural way for a contractor to operate - unless however; your objective is to build a strong, strategic alliance across the enterprise in order to execute an unprecedented change in waste management, transportation and logistical operations. The success of such an initiative can be achieved by creating a responsible framework by enabling key individuals to 'own' the sustainability of the program. This includes the strategic collaboration of responsible revolutionaries covering application developers, information owners and federal stakeholders to ensure compliance, security and risk management are 'baked' into the process and sustainability is fostered through continued innovation by both technology and application functionality. This ensures that working software can adapt to changing circumstances and is the principle measure of the success of the program. The consolidation of waste management business systems must be achieved in order to realize efficiencies in information technology portfolio management, data integrity, business intelligence and the lifecycle management of hazardous materials within the DOE enterprise architecture. By identifying best practices across the enterprise and aggregating computational and application development resources, you can provide a unified, holistic solution serviceable from a single location while being accessed from anywhere. The business impact of integrating and delivering a unified solution would reduce costs to the Department of Energy within the first year of deployment with increased savings annually. (author)
Low-Cost Hydrogen Distributed Production System Development
C.E. (Sandy) Thomas, Ph.D., President; Principal Investigator, and
H{sub 2}Gen, with the support of the Department of Energy, successfully designed, built and field-tested two steam methane reformers with 578 kg/day capacity, which has now become a standard commercial product serving customers in the specialty metals and PV manufacturing businesses. We demonstrated that this reformer/PSA system, when combined with compression, storage and dispensing (CSD) equipment could produce hydrogen that is already cost-competitive with gasoline per mile driven in a conventional (non-hybrid) vehicle. We further showed that mass producing this 578 kg/day system in quantities of just 100 units would reduce hydrogen cost per mile approximately 13% below the cost of untaxed gasoline per mile used in a hybrid electric vehicle. If mass produced in quantities of 500 units, hydrogen cost per mile in a FCEV would be 20% below the cost of untaxed gasoline in an HEV in the 2015-2020 time period using EIA fuel cost projections for natural gas and untaxed gasoline, and 45% below the cost of untaxed gasoline in a conventional car. This 20% to 45% reduction in fuel cost per mile would accrue even though hydrogen from this 578 kg/day system would cost approximately $4.14/kg, well above the DOE hydrogen cost targets of $2.50/kg by 2010 and $2.00/kg by 2015. We also estimated the cost of a larger, 1,500 kg/day SMR/PSA fueling system based on engineering cost scaling factors derived from the two H{sub 2}Gen products, a commercial 115 kg/day system and the 578 kg/day system developed under this DOE contract. This proposed system could support 200 to 250 cars per day, similar to a medium gasoline station. We estimate that the cost per mile from this larger 1,500 kg/day hydrogen fueling system would be 26% to 40% below the cost per mile of untaxed gasoline in an HEV and ICV respectively, even without any mass production cost reductions. In quantities of 500 units, we are projecting per mile cost reductions between 45% (vs. HEVs) and 62% (vs ICVs), with hydrogen costing approximately $2.87/kg, still above the DOE's 2010 $2.50/kg target. We also began laboratory testing of reforming ethanol, which we showed is currently the least expensive approach to making renewable hydrogen. Extended testing of neat ethanol in micro-reactors was successful, and we also were able to reform E-85 acquired from a local fueling station for 2,700 hours, although some modifications were required to handle the 15% gasoline present in E-85. We began initial tests of a catalyst-coated wall reformer tube that showed some promise in reducing the propensity to coke with E-85. These coated-wall tests ran for 350 hours. Additional resources would be required to commercialize an ethanol reformer operating on E-85, but there is no market for such a product at this time, so this ethanol reformer project was moth-balled pending future government or industry support. The two main objectives of this project were: (1) to design, build and test a steam methane reformer and pressure swing adsorption system that, if scaled up and mass produced, could potentially meet the DOE 2015 cost and efficiency targets for on-site distributed hydrogen generation, and (2) to demonstrate the efficacy of a low-cost renewable hydrogen generation system based on reforming ethanol to hydrogen at the fueling station.
Optimal Combination of Distributed Energy System in an Eco-Campusof Japan
Yang, Yongwen; Gao, Weijun; Zhou, Nan; Marnay, Chris
In this study, referring to the Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM) which was developed by the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), E-GAMS programmer is developed with a research of database of energy tariffs, DER (Distributed Energy Resources) technology cost and performance characteristics, and building energy consumption in Japan. E-GAMS is a tool designed to find the optimal combination of installed equipment and an idealized operating schedule to minimize a site's energy bills. In this research, by using E-GAMS, we present a tool to select the optimal combination of distributed energy system for an Ecological-Campus, Kitakyushu, Science and Research Park (KSRP). We discuss the effects of the combination of distributed energy technologies on the energy saving, economic efficiency and environmental benefits.
AGIS: Evolution of Distributed Computing Information system for ATLAS
Anisenkov, Alexey; The ATLAS collaboration; Alandes Pradillo, Maria; Karavakis, Edward
The variety of the ATLAS Computing Infrastructure requires a central information system to define the topology of computing resources and to store the different parameters and configuration data which are needed by the various ATLAS software components. The ATLAS Grid Information System is the system designed to integrate configuration and status information about resources, services and topology of the computing infrastructure used by ATLAS Distributed Computing applications and services.
Integrating event detection system operation characteristics into sensor placement optimization.
Hart, William Eugene; McKenna, Sean Andrew; Phillips, Cynthia Ann; Murray, Regan Elizabeth (US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH); Hart, David Blaine
We consider the problem of placing sensors in a municipal water network when we can choose both the location of sensors and the sensitivity and specificity of the contamination warning system. Sensor stations in a municipal water distribution network continuously send sensor output information to a centralized computing facility, and event detection systems at the control center determine when to signal an anomaly worthy of response. Although most sensor placement research has assumed perfect anomaly detection, signal analysis software has parameters that control the tradeoff between false alarms and false negatives. We describe a nonlinear sensor placement formulation, which we heuristically optimize with a linear approximation that can be solved as a mixed-integer linear program. We report the results of initial experiments on a real network and discuss tradeoffs between early detection of contamination incidents, and control of false alarms.
Low-Cost Hydrogen-from-Ethanol: A Distributed Production System...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Low-Cost Hydrogen-from-Ethanol: A Distributed Production System (Presentation) Low-Cost Hydrogen-from-Ethanol: A Distributed Production System (Presentation) Presented at the 2007...
Freight Distribution Tours in Congested Urban Areas: Characteristics and Implications for Carriers' Operations and
Bertini, Robert L.
trip generation, distribution, or network assignment are scant or nonexistent [1]. ConfidentialityFreight Distribution Tours in Congested Urban Areas: Characteristics and Implications for Carriers;FREIGHT DISTRIBUTION TOURS IN CONGESTED URBAN AREAS: CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CARRIERS
An acquisition system based on a network of microvax's running the realtime DEC VAXELN operating system
D'Antone, I.; Mandrioli, G.; Matteuzzi, P.; Sanzani, G. (Bologna Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica); Bloise, C.; Grillo, A.F.; Marini, A.; Ronga, F. (INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, C.P.13, 00044 Frascati (IT)); Baldini, A. (Via Livornese, San Piero a Grado, 56100 Pisa (IT)); Mancarella, G.; Palamara, O.; Surdo, A. (Lecce Univ. (Italy). Ist. di Fisica)
The authors describe an acquisition system based on a network (Ethernet/DECNET) of MicroVAX's running in the VAXELN environment. VAXELN is a Digital Equipment software product for the development of dedicated, real time systems for VAX processors. A central VAX running under the VAX/VMS operating system is used as file server and as an interface of the acquisition system with respect to the user's world.
Smart Infrared Inspection System Field Operational Test Final Report
Siekmann, Adam [ORNL; Capps, Gary J [ORNL; Franzese, Oscar [ORNL; Lascurain, Mary Beth [ORNL
The Smart InfraRed Inspection System (SIRIS) is a tool designed to assist inspectors in determining which vehicles passing through the SIRIS system are in need of further inspection by measuring the thermal data from the wheel components. As a vehicle enters the system, infrared cameras on the road measure temperatures of the brakes, tires, and wheel bearings on both wheel ends of commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in motion. This thermal data is then presented to enforcement personal inside of the inspection station on a user friendly interface. Vehicles that are suspected to have a violation are automatically alerted to the enforcement staff. The main goal of the SIRIS field operational test (FOT) was to collect data to evaluate the performance of the prototype system and determine the viability of such a system being used for commercial motor vehicle enforcement. From March 2010 to September 2010, ORNL facilitated the SIRIS FOT at the Greene County Inspection Station (IS) in Greeneville, Tennessee. During the course of the FOT, 413 CMVs were given a North American Standard (NAS) Level-1 inspection. Of those 413 CMVs, 384 were subjected to a SIRIS screening. A total of 36 (9.38%) of the vehicles were flagged by SIRIS as having one or more thermal issues; with brakes issues making up 33 (91.67%) of those. Of the 36 vehicles flagged as having thermal issues, 31 (86.11%) were found to have a violation and 30 (83.33%) of those vehicles were placed out-of-service (OOS). Overall the enforcement personnel who have used SIRIS for screening purposes have had positive feedback on the potential of SIRIS. With improvements in detection algorithms and stability, the system will be beneficial to the CMV enforcement community and increase overall trooper productivity by accurately identifying a higher percentage of CMVs to be placed OOS with minimal error. No future evaluation of SIRIS has been deemed necessary and specifications for a production system will soon be drafted.
Optimal operation of large-scale power systems
Lee, K.Y.; Ortiz, J.L.; Mohtadi, M.A.; Park, Y.M.
This paper presents a method for an optimal operation of large-scale power systems similar to the one utilized by the Houston Lighting and Power Company. The main objective is to minimize the system fuel costs, and maintain an acceptable system performance in terms of limits on generator real and reactive power outputs, transformer tap settings, and bus voltage levels. Minimizing the fuel costs of such large-scale systems enhances the performance of optimal real power generator allocation and of optimal power flow that results in an economic dispatch. The gradient projection method (GPM) is utilized in solving the optimization problems. It is an iterative numerical procedure for finding an extremum of a function of several variables that are required to satisfy various constraining relations without using penalty functions or Lagrange multipliers among other advantages. Mathematical models are developed to represent the sensitivity relationships between dependent and control variables for both real- and reactive-power optimization procedures; and thus eliminate the use of B-coefficients. Data provided by the Houston lighting and Power Company are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedures.
Wind Power Forecasting Error Frequency Analyses for Operational Power System Studies: Preprint
Florita, A.; Hodge, B. M.; Milligan, M.
The examination of wind power forecasting errors is crucial for optimal unit commitment and economic dispatch of power systems with significant wind power penetrations. This scheduling process includes both renewable and nonrenewable generators, and the incorporation of wind power forecasts will become increasingly important as wind fleets constitute a larger portion of generation portfolios. This research considers the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study database of wind power forecasts and numerical actualizations. This database comprises more than 30,000 locations spread over the western United States, with a total wind power capacity of 960 GW. Error analyses for individual sites and for specific balancing areas are performed using the database, quantifying the fit to theoretical distributions through goodness-of-fit metrics. Insights into wind-power forecasting error distributions are established for various levels of temporal and spatial resolution, contrasts made among the frequency distribution alternatives, and recommendations put forth for harnessing the results. Empirical data are used to produce more realistic site-level forecasts than previously employed, such that higher resolution operational studies are possible. This research feeds into a larger work of renewable integration through the links wind power forecasting has with various operational issues, such as stochastic unit commitment and flexible reserve level determination.
Analysis of operations and cyber security policies for a system of cooperating Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices.
Phillips, Laurence R.; Tejani, Bankim; Margulies, Jonathan; Hills, Jason L.; Richardson, Bryan T.; Baca, Micheal J.; Weiland, Laura
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices are installed on electric power transmission lines to stabilize and regulate power flow. Power lines protected by FACTS devices can increase power flow and better respond to contingencies. The University of Missouri Rolla (UMR) is currently working on a multi-year project to examine the potential use of multiple FACTS devices distributed over a large power system region in a cooperative arrangement in which the FACTS devices work together to optimize and stabilize the regional power system. The report describes operational and security challenges that need to be addressed to employ FACTS devices in this way and recommends references, processes, technologies, and policies to address these challenges.
Method for operating a nuclear reactor to accommodate load follow while maintaining a substantially constant axial power distribution
Mueller, N.P.; Rossi, C.E.; Scherpereel, L.R.
This invention provides a method of operating a nuclear reactor having a negative reactivity moderator temperature coefficient with the object of maintaining a uniform and symmetric xenon distribution above and below substantially the center of the core over a substantial axial length of the core during normal reactor operation including load follow. In one embodiment variations in the xenon distribution are controlled by maintaining a substantially symmetric axial power distribution. The axial offset, which is employed as an indication of the axial power distribution, is maintained substantially equal to a target value , which is modified periodically to account for core burnup. A neutron absorbing element within the core coolant, or moderator, is employed to assist control of reactivity changes associated with changes in power, with the full-length control rods mainly employed to adjust variations in the axial power distribution while the part-length rodsremain completely withdrawn from the fuel region of the core. Rapid changes in reactivity are implemented, to accommodate corresponding changes in load, by a controlled reduction of the core coolant temperature. Thus, active core coolant temperature control is employed to control the reactivity of the core during load follow operation and effectively increase the spinning reserve capability of a power plant without altering the axial power distribution.
University of Hawaii Advisory Task Group -Operational Assessment Report on System Level Administration Operating Policies and Practices
#12;University of Hawaii Ł Advisory Task Group - Operational Assessment Report on System Level") approved the formation of an Advisory Task Group on Operational and Financial Controls Improvement ("ATG of eight members, four members from the BOR, and four from private industry with expertise in financial
Optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced distribution systems: System solution algorithm and numerical studies
Chiang, H.D.; Wang, J.C.; Tong, J. [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). School of Electrical Engineering; Darling, G. [NYSEG Corp., Binghamton, NY (United States). Distribution System Dept.
This paper develops an effective and, yet, practical solution methodology for optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced, general radial or loop distribution systems. The solution methodology can optimally determine (1) the locations to install (or replace, or remove) capacitors, (2) the types and sizes of capacitors to be installed (or replaced) and, during each load level, (3) the control schemes for each capacitor in the nodes of a general three-phase unbalanced distribution system such that a desired objective function is minimized while the load constraints, network constraints and operational constraints at different load levels are satisfied. The solution methodology is based on a combination of the simulated annealing technique and the greedy search technique in order to achieve computational speed and high-quality of solutions. Both the numerical and implementational aspects of the solution methodology are detailed. Analysis of the computational complexity of the solution algorithm indicated that the algorithm is also effective for large-scale distribution systems in terms of occupational efforts. Test results on a realistic, unbalanced distribution network, a 291-bus with 77 laterals, 305 distribution lines and 6 transformers, with varying loading conditions, are presented with promising results. The robustness of the solution methodology under varying loading conditions is also investigated.
Optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced distribution systems: System solution algorithms and numerical studies
Chiang, H.D.; Wang, J.C.; Tong, J. [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). School of Electrical Engineering; Darling, G. [NYSEG Corp., Binghamton, NY (United States). Distribution System Dept.
This paper develops an effective and, yet, practical solution methodology for optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced, general radial or loop distribution systems. The solution methodology can optimally determine (i) the locations to install (or replace, or remove) capacitors, (ii) the types and sizes of capacitors to be installed (or replaced) and, during each load level, (iii) the control schemes for each capacitor in the nodes of a general three-phase unbalanced distribution system such that a desired objective function is minimized while the load constraints, network constraints and operational constraints at different load levels are satisfied. The solution methodology is based on a combination of the simulated annealing technique and the greedy search technique in order to achieve computational speed and high-quality of solutions. Both the numerical and implementational aspects of the solution methodology are detailed. Analysis of the computational complexity of the solution algorithm indicates that the algorithm is also effective for large-scale distribution systems in terms of computational efforts. Test results on a realistic, unbalanced distribution network, a 291-bus with 77 laterals, 305 distribution lines and 6 transformers, with varying loading conditions, are presented with promising results. The robustness of the solution methodology under varying loading conditions is also investigated.
Post-Retrocommissioning HVAC Operations Monitoring Using Enterprise-Wide energy Management System
Amarnani, N.; Roberts, B.; Choy, H.
components/systems to diagnose and resolve root causes of operational deficiencies. During the implementation phase, new energy efficiency measures were installed, sequence of operations were optimized and functionally tested. System-level benchmark models...
Thermal analysis of directly buried conduit heat-distribution systems
Fang, J.B.
The calculations of heat losses and temperature field for directly buried conduit heat distribution systems were performed using the finite element computer programs. The finite element analysis solved two-dimensional, steady-state heat transfer problems involving two insulated parallel pipes encased in the same conduit casing and in separate casings, and the surrounding earth. Descriptions of the theoretical basis, computational scheme, and the data input and outputs of the developed computer programs are presented. Numerical calculations were carried out for predicting the temperature distributions within the existing high temperature hot water distribution system and two insulated pipes covered in the same metallic conduit and the surrounding soil. The predicted results generally agree with the experimental data obtained at the test site.
Hybrid Control Network Intrusion Detection Systems for Automated Power Distribution Systems
Peisert, Sean
) for protecting automated distribution systems (ADS) against certain types of cyber attacks in a new way, distribution au- tomation, network security, intrusion detection systems. I. INTRODUCTION A. Scope and Goals their development with that of an appropriate cyber security frame- work that would prevent attackers from gaining
Alternative Export - Wheat Distribution Systems for the Texas - Oklahoma Panhandle.
Fuller, Stephen W.; Shanmugham C.V.
.......................... and Port-Terminal Costs 9 Impacts of Alternative Distribution Systems Cost of Upgrading Country Elevators to Subterminals. . 9 O n Marketing-System Participants.. ............... 19 ............................................. Commercial T uck cost... be neces- sary to upgrade country elevators into subterminals. In which case, a potential subterminal organization would be at a relative cost disadvantage when compared to the Midwest. An additional factor is the region's relatively low density...
A Distributed Facilities Automation System For IBM Buildings
Houle, W. D. Sr.
to the host would be via an IBM-supplied local communications network protocol. Remote appli cations would include process control, security, energy manage ment, facilities automation or any other automation application. The remote systems... of these areas which are affected are: - HVAC - Chemical Processes Control - Utilities Generation - Tank Farm Monitoring Resource Management - Solvent Supply and Recovery Systems - DI Water Distribution - Sewage and Waste Treatment Plant Control...
Automated Energy Distribution and Reliability System (AEDR): Final Report
Buche, D. L.
This report describes Northern Indiana Public Service Co. project efforts to develop an automated energy distribution and reliability system. The purpose of this project was to implement a database-driven GIS solution that would manage all of the company's gas, electric, and landbase objects.
Synchronization in Multimedia Languages for Distributed Systems A. Guercio1
Bansal, Arvind K.
Synchronization in Multimedia Languages for Distributed Systems A. Guercio1 , A. Bansal2 , T. Arndt Introduction The rising popularity of multimedia content on the web has led to the development of special-purpose languages for multimedia authoring and presentations. Examples of such languages include SMIL [1], VRML [2
SELFŁMONITORING DISTRIBUTED MONITORING SYSTEM FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS (PRELIMINARY VERSION) Aldo and identification are extremely important activities for the safety of a nuclear power plant. In particular inside huge and complex production plants. 1 INTRODUCTION Safety in nuclear power plants requires
Availability in the Sprite Distributed File System John Ousterhout
Baker, Mary G.
Availability in the Sprite Distributed File System Mary Baker John Ousterhout Computer Science faults means recovering from them quickly. Our position is that performance and availability server recovery is the most cost-effective way of providing such availability. Mechanisms used
Security proof for quantum key distribution using qudit systems
Sheridan, Lana [Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore (Singapore); Scarani, Valerio [Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore (Singapore); Department of Physics, National University of Singapore (Singapore)
We provide security bounds against coherent attacks for two families of quantum key distribution protocols that use d-dimensional quantum systems. In the asymptotic regime, both the secret key rate for fixed noise and the robustness to noise increase with d. The finite key corrections are found to be almost insensitive to d < or approx. 20.
Hazards Data Distribution System (HDDS) Explorer Help Documentation
Hazards Data Distribution System (HDDS) Explorer Help Documentation Version 1.1 March 2014 #12;Page: ii Document History Number Date and Sections Notes 1 August 2013 Original document 1.0 2 September information on Access to Events #12;Page: iii Table of contents Document History
Scalable Hierarchical Locking for Distributed Systems Nirmit Desai and Frank Mueller
Mueller, Frank
Scalable Hierarchical Locking for Distributed Systems Nirmit Desai and Frank Mueller Dept share computational resources in distributed environments, such as high-end clusters with ever larger requests in distributed systems. But concurrency protocols currently lack scalability. Adding
Method for operating a combustor in a fuel cell system
Chalfant, Robert W. (West Henrietta, NY); Clingerman, Bruce J. (Palmyra, NY)
A method of operating a combustor to heat a fuel processor in a fuel cell system, in which the fuel processor generates a hydrogen-rich stream a portion of which is consumed in a fuel cell stack and a portion of which is discharged from the fuel cell stack and supplied to the combustor, and wherein first and second streams are supplied to the combustor, the first stream being a hydrocarbon fuel stream and the second stream consisting of said hydrogen-rich stream, the method comprising the steps of monitoring the temperature of the fuel processor; regulating the quantity of the first stream to the combustor according to the temperature of the fuel processor; and comparing said quantity of said first stream to a predetermined value or range of predetermined values.
Method and system for operating an electric motor
Gallegos-Lopez, Gabriel; Hiti, Silva; Perisic, Milun
Methods and systems for operating an electric motor having a plurality of windings with an inverter having a plurality of switches coupled to a voltage source are provided. A first plurality of switching vectors is applied to the plurality of switches. The first plurality of switching vectors includes a first ratio of first magnitude switching vectors to second magnitude switching vectors. A direct current (DC) current associated with the voltage source is monitored during the applying of the first plurality of switching vectors to the plurality of switches. A second ratio of the first magnitude switching vectors to the second magnitude switching vectors is selected based on the monitoring of the DC current associated with the voltage source. A second plurality of switching vectors is applied to the plurality of switches. The second plurality of switching vectors includes the second ratio of the first magnitude switching vectors to the second magnitude switching vectors.
Installation of the first Distributed Energy Storage System (DESS) at American Electric Power (AEP).
Nourai, Ali (American Electric Power Company, Columbus, OH)
AEP studied the direct and indirect benefits, strengths, and weaknesses of distributed energy storage systems (DESS) and chose to transform its entire utility grid into a system that achieves optimal integration of both central and distributed energy assets. To that end, AEP installed the first NAS battery-based, energy storage system in North America. After one year of operation and testing, AEP has concluded that, although the initial costs of DESS are greater than conventional power solutions, the net benefits justify the AEP decision to create a grid of DESS with intelligent monitoring, communications, and control, in order to enable the utility grid of the future. This report details the site selection, construction, benefits and lessons learned of the first installation, at Chemical Station in North Charleston, WV.
Analysis, testing, and operation of the MAGI thermal control system
Yi, Sonny; Hall, Jeffrey L.; Kasper, Brian P. [The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 (United States)
The Aerospace Corporation has completed the development of the Mineral and Gas Identifier (MAGI) sensor - an airborne multi-spectral infrared instrument that is designed to discriminate surface composition and to detect gas emissions from the environment. Sensor performance was demonstrated in a series of flights aboard a Twin Otter aircraft in December 2011 as a stepping stone to a future satellite sensor design. To meet sensor performance requirements the thermal control system was designed to operate the HgCdTe focal plane array (FPA) at 50 K with a 1.79 W heat rejection load to a 44.7 K sink and the optical assembly at 100 K with a 7.5 W heat load to a 82.3 K sink. Two commercial off-theshelf (COTS) Sunpower Stirling cryocoolers were used to meet the instrumentÆs cooling requirements. A thermal model constructed in Thermal Desktop was used to run parametric studies that guided the mechanical design and sized the two cryocoolers. This paper discusses the development, validation, and operation of the MAGI thermal control system. Detailed energy balances and temperature predictions are presented for various test cases to demonstrate the utility and accuracy of the thermal model. Model inputs included measured values of heat lift as a function of input power and cold tip temperature for the two cryocoolers. These measurements were also used to make predictions of the cool-down behavior from ambient conditions. Advanced heater software was developed to meet unique requirements for both sensor cool-down rate and stability at the set point temperatures.
Oxide vapor distribution from a high-frequency sweep e-beam system
Chow, R.; Tassano, P.L.; Tsujimoto, N.
Oxide vapor distributions have been determined as a function of operating parameters of a high frequency sweep e-beam source combined with a programmable sweep controller. We will show which parameters are significant, the parameters that yield the broadest oxide deposition distribution, and the procedure used to arrive at these conclusions. A design-of-experimental strategy was used with five operating parameters: evaporation rate, sweep speed, sweep pattern (pre-programmed), phase speed (azimuthal rotation of the pattern), profile (dwell time as a function of radial position). A design was chosen that would show which of the parameters and parameter pairs have a statistically significant effect on the vapor distribution. Witness flats were placed symmetrically across a 25 inches diameter platen. The stationary platen was centered 24 inches above the e-gun crucible. An oxide material was evaporated under 27 different conditions. Thickness measurements were made with a stylus profilometer. The information will enable users of the high frequency e-gun systems to optimally locate the source in a vacuum system and understand which parameters have a major effect on the vapor distribution.
Formal Development and Verification of a Distributed Railway Control System
Peleska, Jan - Fachbereich 3
of refinement and verification steps. Concrete safety requirements are derived from an abstract version that can and a controller model introducing the safetyŁrelated control mechanisms as a separate entity monitoring if the costs for initial installation, operation and maintenance of the control system are low. Today
Measured Air Distribution Effectiveness for Residential Mechanical Ventilation Systems
Sherman, Max H.
credit for different air distribution methods can be given.Measured Air Distribution Effectiveness for Residential4 Ā Distribution metric
Operating System Concepts Silberschatz and Galvin 2004 revised by Wiseman12.1 File-System Structure
Wiseman, Yair
by Wiseman12.5 Linked Allocation Operating System Concepts Silberschatz and Galvin 2004 revised by Wiseman12Operating System Concepts Silberschatz and Galvin 2004 revised by Wiseman12.1 File allocation Operating System Concepts Silberschatz and Galvin 2004 revised by Wiseman12.2 Contiguous
Laboratories for the 21st Century Best Practices: Onsite Distributed Generation Systems For Laboratories
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Guide describes general information on implementing onsite distributed generation systems in laboratory environments.
Transmission Pricing of Distributed Multilateral Energy Transactions to Ensure System Security and Guide Economic Dispatch
Ilic, Marija; Hsieh, Eric; Remanan, Prasad
Transmission Pricing of Distributed Multilateral Energy Transactions to Ensure System Security and Guide Economic Dispatch...
Proceedings of the Workshop on software tools for distributed intelligent control systems
Herget, C.J. (ed.)
The Workshop on Software Tools for Distributed Intelligent Control Systems was organized by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for the United States Army Headquarters Training and Doctrine Command and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The goals of the workshop were to the identify the current state of the art in tools which support control systems engineering design and implementation, identify research issues associated with writing software tools which would provide a design environment to assist engineers in multidisciplinary control design and implementation, formulate a potential investment strategy to resolve the research issues and develop public domain code which can form the core of more powerful engineering design tools, and recommend test cases to focus the software development process and test associated performance metrics. Recognizing that the development of software tools for distributed intelligent control systems will require a multidisciplinary effort, experts in systems engineering, control systems engineering, and compute science were invited to participate in the workshop. In particular, experts who could address the following topics were selected: operating systems, engineering data representation and manipulation, emerging standards for manufacturing data, mathematical foundations, coupling of symbolic and numerical computation, user interface, system identification, system representation at different levels of abstraction, system specification, system design, verification and validation, automatic code generation, and integration of modular, reusable code.
EMTP modeling of CIGRE benchmark based HVDC transmission system operating with weak AC systems
Sood, V.K. [Hydro-Quebec, Varennes, Quebec (Canada); Khatri, V.; Jin, H. [Concordia Univ., Montreal, Quebec (Canada). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
An EMTP based study of a CIGRE benchmark based HVDC system operating with weak ac systems is carried out. The modeled system provides a starting point for (a) educators teaching HVDC transmission courses and (b) for utility planners to develop their own low-cost dedicated digital simulators for training purposes. In this paper, modeling details of the ac-dc system, dc converters and control are presented. To validate the control schemes presented, the HVDC system is tested under ac-dc fault conditions. Results obtained from an EMTP-based study under these fault conditions are also presented in this paper.
A model-based approach to regulating electricity distribution under new operating conditions
Yap, Xiang Ling
New technologies such as distributed generation and electric vehicles are connecting to the electricity distribution grid, a regulated natural monopoly. Existing regulatory schemes were not designed for these new technologies ...
The distribution of localization centers in some discrete random systems
Fumihiko Nakano
As a supplement of our previous work, we consider the localized region of the random Schroedinger operators on $l^2({\\bf Z}^d)$ and study the point process composed of their eigenvalues and corresponding localization centers. For the Anderson model, we show that, this point process in the natural scaling limit converges in distribution to the Poisson process on the product space of energy and space. In other models with suitable Wegner-type bounds, we can at least show that any limiting point processes are infinitely divisible.
Performance Monitoring of Residential Hot Water Distribution Systems
Liao, Anna; Lanzisera, Steven; Lutz, Jim; Fitting, Christian; Kloss, Margarita; Stiles, Christopher
Current water distribution systems are designed such that users need to run the water for some time to achieve the desired temperature, wasting energy and water in the process. We developed a wireless sensor network for large-scale, long time-series monitoring of residential water end use. Our system consists of flow meters connected to wireless motes transmitting data to a central manager mote, which in turn posts data to our server via the internet. This project also demonstrates a reliable and flexible data collection system that could be configured for various other forms of end use metering in buildings. The purpose of this study was to determine water and energy use and waste in hot water distribution systems in California residences. We installed meters at every end use point and the water heater in 20 homes and collected 1s flow and temperature data over an 8 month period. For a typical shower and dishwasher events, approximately half the energy is wasted. This relatively low efficiency highlights the importance of further examining the energy and water waste in hot water distribution systems.
Econophysical Dynamics of Market-Based Electric Power Distribution Systems
Nicolas Ho; David P. Chassin
As energy markets begin clearing at sub-hourly rates, their interaction with load control systems becomes a potentially important consideration. A simple model for the control of thermal systems using market-based power distribution strategies is proposed, with particular attention to the behavior and dynamics of electric building loads and distribution-level power markets. Observations of dynamic behavior of simple numerical model are compared to that of an aggregate continuous model. The analytic solution of the continuous model suggests important deficiencies in each. The continuous model provides very valuable insights into how one might design such load control system and design the power markets they interact with. We also highlight important shortcomings of the continuous model which we believe must be addressed using discrete models.
A Short Wavelength GigaHertz Clocked Fiber-Optic Quantum Key Distribution System
Karen J. Gordon; Veronica Fernandez; Paul D. Townsend; Gerald S. Buller
A quantum key distribution system has been developed, using standard telecommunications optical fiber, which is capable of operating at clock rates of greater than 1 GHz. The quantum key distribution system implements a polarization encoded version of the B92 protocol. The system employs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with emission wavelengths of 850 nm as weak coherent light sources, and silicon single photon avalanche diodes as the single photon detectors. A distributed feedback laser of emission wavelength 1.3 micro-metres, and a linear gain germanium avalanche photodiode was used to optically synchronize individual photons over the standard telecommunications fiber. The quantum key distribution system exhibited a quantum bit error rate of 1.4%, and an estimated net bit rate greater than 100,000 bits-per-second for a 4.2 km transmission range. For a 10 km fiber range a quantum bit error rate of 2.1%, and estimated net bit rate of greater than 7,000 bits-per-second was achieved.
Operating-procedure system at Savannah River Plant
Tope, C.W.
Three types of procedures are widely used at SRP: Du Pont Savannah Operating Logsheet, Du Pont Savannah Operating Procedure, and Plant Manual. This document briefly reviews originating of the procedures, their preparation, control, and indexing. (DLC)
Hazards and operability study for the surface moisture monitoring system
Board, B.D.
The Hanford Nuclear Reservation Tank Farms` underground waste tanks have been used to store liquid radioactive waste from defense materials production since the 1940`s. Waste in certain of the tanks may contain material in the form of ferrocyanide or various organic compounds which could potentially be susceptible to condensed phase chemical reactions. Because of the presence of oxidizing materials (nitrate compounds) and heat sources (radioactive decay and chemical reactions), the ferrocyanide or organic material could potentially fuel a propagating exothermic reaction with undesirable consequences. Analysis and experiments indicate that the reaction propagation and/or initiation may be prevented by the presence of sufficient moisture in the waste. Because the reaction would probably be initiated at the surface of the waste, evidence of sufficient moisture concentration would help provide evidence that the tank waste can continue to be safely stored. The Surface Moisture Measurement System (SMMS) was developed to collect data on the surface moisture in the waste by inserting two types of probes (singly) into a waste tank-a neutron probe and an electromagnetic inductance (EMI) probe. The sensor probes will be placed on the surface of the waste utilizing a moveable deployment arm to lower them through an available riser. The movement of the SMMS within the tank will be monitored by a camera lowered through an adjacent riser. The SMMS equipment is the subject of this study. Hazards and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) is a systematic technique for assessing potential hazards and/or operability problems for a new activity. It utilizes a multidiscipline team of knowledgeable individuals in a systematic brainstorming effort. The results of this study will be used as input to an Unreviewed Safety Question determination.
An efficient algorithm for real-time network reconfiguration in large scale unbalanced distribution systems
Wang, J.C.; Chiang, H.D. [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). School of Electrical Engineering; Darling, G.R. [NYSEG Corp., Binghamton, NY (United States). Distribution System Dept.
Real-time applications demand fast computation, this paper proposes an efficient algorithm for real-time network reconfiguration on large unbalanced distribution networks. A novel formulation of the network reconfiguration to achieve loss minimization and load balancing is given. To reduce computational requirements for the solution algorithm, well justified power flow and loss reduction formulas in terms of the on/off status of network switches are proposed for efficient system updating. The algorithm relies only on a few full power flow studies based on system states attained by explicit expressions using backward-forward sweeps for efficient computation of system`s states at the critical system operating points. The solution algorithm runs in an amount of time linearly proportional to the number of tie switches and the number of sectionalizing switches in the system. The solution algorithm has been implemented into a software package and tested on unbalanced distribution systems including a system with 292-buses, 76-laterals, 7 transformers, 45 switches and 255 lines sections under diverse system conditions.
An efficient algorithm for real-time network reconfiguration in large scale unbalanced distribution systems
Wang, J.C.; Chiang, H.D. [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). School of Electrical Engineering; Darling, G.R. [NYSEG Corp., Binghamton, NY (United States). Distribution System Dept.
Real-time applications demand fast computation, this paper proposes an efficient algorithm for real-time network reconfiguration on large unbalanced distribution networks. A novel formulation of the network reconfiguration to achieve loss minimization and load balancing is given. To reduce computational requirements for the solution algorithm, well justified power flow and loss reduction formulas in terms of the on/off status of network switches are proposed for efficient system updating. The algorithm relies only a few full power flow studies based on system states attained by explicit expressions using backward-forward sweeps for efficient computation of system`s states at the critical system operating points. The solution algorithm runs in an amount of time linearly proportional to the number of tie switches and the number of sectionalizing switches in the system. The solution algorithm has been implemented into a software package and tested on unbalanced distribution systems including a system with 292-buses, 76-laterals, 7 transformers, 45 switches and 255 lines sections under diverse system conditions.
The Chain-Length Distribution in Subcritical Systems
Steven Douglas Nolen
The individual fission chains that appear in any neutron multiplying system provide a means, via neutron noise analysis, to unlock a wealth of information regarding the nature of the system. This work begins by determining the probability density distributions for fission chain lengths in zero-dimensional systems over a range of prompt neutron multiplication constant (K) values. This section is followed by showing how the integral representation of the chain-length distribution can be used to obtain an estimate of the system's subcritical prompt multiplication (MP). The lifetime of the chains is then used to provide a basis for determining whether a neutron noise analysis will be successful in assessing the neutron multiplication constant, k, of the system in the presence of a strong intrinsic source. A Monte Carlo transport code, MC++, is used to model the evolution of the individual fission chains and to determine how they are influenced by spatial effects. The dissertation concludes by demonstrating how experimental validation of certain global system parameters by neutron noise analysis may be precluded in situations in which the system K is relatively low and in which realistic detector efficiencies are simulated.
Interconnecting PV on New York City's Secondary Network Distribution System
K. Anderson; M. Coddington; K. Burman; S. Hayter; B. Kroposki; and A. Watson
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has teamed with cities across the country through the Solar America Cities (SAC) partnership program to help reduce barriers and accelerate implementation of solar energy. The New York City SAC team is a partnership between the City University of New York (CUNY), the New York City Mayor s Office of Long-term Planning and Sustainability, and the New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC).The New York City SAC team is working with DOE s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Con Edison, the local utility, to develop a roadmap for photovoltaic (PV) installations in the five boroughs. The city set a goal to increase its installed PV capacity from1.1 MW in 2005 to 8.1 MW by 2015 (the maximum allowed in 2005). A key barrier to reaching this goal, however, is the complexity of the interconnection process with the local utility. Unique challenges are associated with connecting distributed PV systems to secondary network distribution systems (simplified to ├?┬?├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?networks├?┬?├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?├?┬Ø in this report). Although most areas of the country use simpler radial distribution systems to distribute electricity, larger metropolitan areas like New York City typically use networks to increase reliability in large load centers. Unlike the radial distribution system, where each customer receives power through a single line, a network uses a grid of interconnected lines to deliver power to each customer through several parallel circuits and sources. This redundancy improves reliability, but it also requires more complicated coordination and protection schemes that can be disrupted by energy exported from distributed PV systems. Currently, Con Edison studies each potential PV system in New York City to evaluate the system s impact on the network, but this is time consuming for utility engineers and may delay the customer s project or add cost for larger installations. City leaders would like to streamline this process to facilitate faster, simpler, and less expensive distributed PV system interconnections. To assess ways to improve the interconnection process, NREL conducted a four-part study with support from DOE. The NREL team then compiled the final reports from each study into this report. In Section 1├?┬?├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?PV Deployment Analysis for New York City├?┬?├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?we analyze the technical potential for rooftop PV systems in the city. This analysis evaluates potential PV power production in ten Con Edison networks of various locations and building densities (ranging from high density apartments to lower density single family homes). Next, we compare the potential power production to network loads to determine where and when PV generation is most likely to exceed network load and disrupt network protection schemes. The results of this analysis may assist Con Edison in evaluating future PV interconnection applications and in planning future network protection system upgrades. This analysis may also assist other utilities interconnecting PV systems to networks by defining a method for assessing the technical potential of PV in the network and its impact on network loads. Section 2├?┬?├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?A Briefing for Policy Makers on Connecting PV to a Network Grid├?┬?├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?presents an overview intended for nontechnical stakeholders. This section describes the issues associated with interconnecting PV systems to networks, along with possible solutions. Section 3├?┬?├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?├?┬?Technical Review of Concerns and Solutions to PV Interconnection in New Y
Parallel Breadth-First Search on Distributed Memory Systems
Computational Research Division; Buluc, Aydin; Madduri, Kamesh
Data-intensive, graph-based computations are pervasive in several scientific applications, and are known to to be quite challenging to implement on distributed memory systems. In this work, we explore the design space of parallel algorithms for Breadth-First Search (BFS), a key subroutine in several graph algorithms. We present two highly-tuned par- allel approaches for BFS on large parallel systems: a level-synchronous strategy that relies on a simple vertex-based partitioning of the graph, and a two-dimensional sparse matrix- partitioning-based approach that mitigates parallel commu- nication overhead. For both approaches, we also present hybrid versions with intra-node multithreading. Our novel hybrid two-dimensional algorithm reduces communication times by up to a factor of 3.5, relative to a common vertex based approach. Our experimental study identifies execu- tion regimes in which these approaches will be competitive, and we demonstrate extremely high performance on lead- ing distributed-memory parallel systems. For instance, for a 40,000-core parallel execution on Hopper, an AMD Magny- Cours based system, we achieve a BFS performance rate of 17.8 billion edge visits per second on an undirected graph of 4.3 billion vertices and 68.7 billion edges with skewed degree distribution.
Abstract Microgrids are a new concept for future energy dis-tribution systems that enable renewable energy integration and
Collins, Emmanuel
1 Abstract ┬Ł Microgrids are a new concept for future energy dis- tribution systems that enable renewable energy integration and improved energy management capability. Microgrids consist of multiple power quality and power distribution reliability, microgrids need to operate in both grid
Topic 3: Smart Grid Communications A.H. MohsenianRad (U of T) 1Networking and Distributed Systems
Mohsenian-Rad, Hamed
Aggregator PLC IP WMN ZigBee (Home Area Network) Substations Operation Sensors PLC IP/IEC #12;Smart GridTopic 3: Smart Grid Communications A.H. MohsenianRad (U of T) 1Networking and Distributed Systems Reference Model for Smart Grid Dr. Hamed Mohsenian-Rad Texas Tech UniversityCommunications and Control
Kurt Montgomery; Nguyen Minh
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the October 2001 to December 2001 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The conceptual and demonstration system designs were proposed and analyzed, and these systems have been modeled in Aspen Plus. Work has also started on the assembly of dynamic component models and the development of the top-level controls requirements for the system. SOFC stacks have been fabricated and performance mapping initiated.
Safety Verification of the Small Aircraft Transportation System Concept of Operations
Mu±oz, Cķsar A.
performed for the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) Concept of Operations (ConOps). The concept of operation complies with a set of safety requirements. It is also shown that the ConOps has some desirable of Operations for Higher Volume Operation (SATS-HVO ConOps) has been developed by a team at NASA Langley
Measured Air Distribution Effectiveness for Residential Mechanical Ventilation Systems
Sherman, Max; Sherman, Max H.; Walker, Iain S.
The purpose of ventilation is dilute or remove indoor contaminants that an occupant is exposed to. In a multi-zone environment such as a house, there will be different dilution rates and different source strengths in every zone. Most US homes have central HVAC systems, which tend to mix the air thus the indoor conditions between zones. Different types of ventilation systems will provide different amounts of exposure depending on the effectiveness of their air distribution systems and the location of sources and occupants. This paper will report on field measurements using a unique multi-tracer measurement system that has the capacity to measure not only the flow of outdoor air to each zone, but zone-to-zone transport. The paper will derive seven different metrics for the evaluation of air distribution. Measured data from two homes with different levels of natural infiltration will be used to evaluate these metrics for three different ASHRAE Standard 62.2 compliant ventilation systems. Such information can be used to determine the effectiveness of different systems so that appropriate adjustments can be made in residential ventilation standards such as ASHRAE Standard 62.2.
Compiling software for a hierarchical distributed processing system
Archer, Charles J; Blocksome, Michael A; Ratterman, Joseph D; Smith, Brian E
Compiling software for a hierarchical distributed processing system including providing to one or more compiling nodes software to be compiled, wherein at least a portion of the software to be compiled is to be executed by one or more nodes; compiling, by the compiling node, the software; maintaining, by the compiling node, any compiled software to be executed on the compiling node; selecting, by the compiling node, one or more nodes in a next tier of the hierarchy of the distributed processing system in dependence upon whether any compiled software is for the selected node or the selected node's descendents; sending to the selected node only the compiled software to be executed by the selected node or selected node's descendent.
Low-Cost Hydrogen-from-Ethanol: A Distributed Production System...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Hydrogen-from- Ethanol: A Distributed Production System Presented at the Bio-Derived Liquids to Hydrogen Distributed Reforming Working Group Meeting Laurel, Maryland Tuesday,...
Reliability Improvement Programs in Steam Distribution and Power Generation Systems
Petto, S.
RELIABILITY IIIPROVEfWlT PROGRAMS IN STEAM DISTRIBUTION AND POVER GENERATION SYSTEItS Steve Petto Tech/Serv Corporation Blue Bell, PA Abstract This paper will present alternatives to costly corrective maintenance of the steam trap... In the reliability and efficiency of the system. Recent studies have shownt hat more than 40% of all In stalled steam traps and 20% of certain types of valves need some form of corrective action. The majority of all high backpressure problems In condensate return...
Feasibility Study: Ductless Hydronic Distribution Systems with Fan Coil Delivery
Springer, D.; Dakin, B.; Backman, C.
The primary objectives of this study are to estimate potential energy savings relative to conventional ducted air distribution, and to identify equipment requirements, costs, and barriers with a focus on ductless hydronic delivery systems that utilize water-to-air terminal units in each zone. Results indicate that annual heating and cooling energy use can be reduced by up to 27% assuming replacement of the conventional 13 SEER heat pump and coil with a similarly rated air-to-water heat pump.
Pressurized reactor system and a method of operating the same
Isaksson, J.M.
A method and apparatus are provided for operating a pressurized reactor system in order to precisely control the temperature within a pressure vessel in order to minimize condensation of corrosive materials from gases on the surfaces of the pressure vessel or contained circulating fluidized bed reactor, and to prevent the temperature of the components from reaching a detrimentally high level, while at the same time allowing quick heating of the pressure vessel interior volume during start-up. Super-atmospheric pressure gas is introduced from the first conduit into the fluidized bed reactor and heat derived reactions such as combustion and gasification are maintained in the reactor. Gas is exhausted from the reactor and pressure vessel through a second conduit. Gas is circulated from one part of the inside volume to another to control the temperature of the inside volume, such as by passing the gas through an exterior conduit which has a heat exchanger, control valve, blower and compressor associated therewith, or by causing natural convection flow of circulating gas within one or more generally vertically extending gas passages entirely within the pressure vessel (and containing heat exchangers, flow rate control valves, or the like therein). Preferably, inert gas is provided as a circulating gas, and the inert gas may also be used in emergency shut-down situations. In emergency shut-down reaction gas being supplied to the reactor is cut off, while inert gas from the interior gas volume of the pressure vessel is introduced into the reactor. 2 figs.
Pressurized reactor system and a method of operating the same
Isaksson, Juhani M. (Karhula, FI)
A method and apparatus are provided for operating a pressurized reactor system in order to precisely control the temperature within a pressure vessel in order to minimize condensation of corrosive materials from gases on the surfaces of the pressure vessel or contained circulating fluidized bed reactor, and to prevent the temperature of the components from reaching a detrimentally high level, while at the same time allowing quick heating of the pressure vessel interior volume during start-up. Superatmospheric pressure gas is introduced from the first conduit into the fluidized bed reactor and heat derived reactions such as combustion and gassification are maintained in the reactor. Gas is exhausted from the reactor and pressure vessel through a second conduit. Gas is circulated from one part of the inside volume to another to control the temperature of the inside volume, such as by passing the gas through an exterior conduit which has a heat exchanger, control valve, blower and compressor associated therewith, or by causing natural convection flow of circulating gas within one or more generally vertically extending gas passages entirely within the pressure vessel (and containing heat exchangers, flow rate control valves, or the like therein). Preferably, inert gas is provided as a circulating gas, and the inert gas may also be used in emergency shut-down situations. In emergency shut-down reaction gas being supplied to the reactor is cut off, while inert gas from the interior gas volume of the pressure vessel is introduced into the reactor.
Operating Experience Review of the INL HTE Gas Monitoring System
L. C. Cadwallader; K. G. DeWall
This paper describes the operations of several types of gas monitors in use at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) High Temperature Electrolysis Experiment (HTE) laboratory. The gases monitored at hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. The operating time, calibration, and unwanted alarms are described. The calibration session time durations are described. Some simple statistics are given for the reliability of these monitors and the results are compared to operating experiences of other types of monitors.
Wind-To-Hydrogen Project: Operational Experience, Performance Testing, and Systems Integration
Harrison, K. W.; Martin, G. D.; Ramsden, T. G.; Kramer, W. E.; Novachek, F. J.
The Wind2H2 system is fully functional and continues to gather performance data. In this report, specifications of the Wind2H2 equipment (electrolyzers, compressor, hydrogen storage tanks, and the hydrogen fueled generator) are summarized. System operational experience and lessons learned are discussed. Valuable operational experience is shared through running, testing, daily operations, and troubleshooting the Wind2H2 system and equipment errors are being logged to help evaluate the reliability of the system.
HEMP emergency planning and operating procedures for electric power systems. Power Systems Technology Program
Reddoch, T.W.; Markel, L.C. [Electrotek Concepts, Inc., Knoxville, TN (United States)
Investigations of the impact of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) on electric power systems and electrical equipment have revealed that HEMP creates both misoperation and failures. These events result from both the early time E{sub 1} (steep-front pulse) component and the late time E{sub 3} (geomagnetic perturbations) component of HEMP. In this report a HEMP event is viewed in terms of its marginal impact over classical power system disturbances by considering the unique properties and consequences of HEMP. This report focuses on system-wide electrical component failures and their potential consequences from HEMP. In particular, the effectiveness of planning and operating procedures for electric systems is evaluated while under the influence of HEMP. This assessment relies on published data and characterizes utilities using the North American Electric Reliability Council`s regions and guidelines to model electric power system planning and operations. Key issues addressed by the report include how electric power systems are affected by HEMP and what actions electric utilities can initiate to reduce the consequences of HEMP. The report also reviews the salient features of earlier HEMP studies and projects, examines technology trends in the electric power industry which are affected by HEMP, characterizes the vulnerability of power systems to HEMP, and explores the capability of electric systems to recover from a HEMP event.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation
Faress Rahman; Nguyen Minh
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) during the July 2003 to December 2003 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a micro-turbine. In addition, an activity included in this program focuses on the development of an integrated coal gasification fuel cell system concept based on planar SOFC technology. Also, another activity included in this program focuses on the development of SOFC scale up strategies.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation
Nguyen Minh
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the January 2002 to March 2002 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. For this reporting period the following activities have been carried out: {lg_bullet} Conceptual system design trade studies were performed {lg_bullet} System-level performance model was created {lg_bullet} Dynamic control models are being developed {lg_bullet} Mechanical properties of candidate heat exchanger materials were investigated {lg_bullet} SOFC performance mapping as a function of flow rate and pressure was completed
Abstract--This paper presents the consequences and operating limitations of installing distributed generation (DG) to electric
are required for the selection of interruption devices, protective relays, and their coordination. Systems must Terms--Distributed / dispersed generation, power distri- bution, power system protection, fault in siting conventional generation Ł but, for whatever reason, protection engineers as well as transmission
Control system for, and a method of, heating an operator station of a work machine
Baker, Thomas M.; Hoff, Brian D.; Akasam, Sivaprasad
There are situations in which an operator remains in an operator station of a work machine when an engine of the work machine is inactive. The present invention includes a control system for, and a method of, heating the operator station when the engine is inactive. A heating system of the work machine includes an electrically-powered coolant pump, a power source, and at least one piece of warmed machinery. An operator heat controller is moveable between a first and a second position, and is operable to connect the electrically-powered coolant pump to the power source when the engine is inactive and the operator heat controller is in the first position. Thus, by deactivating the engine and then moving the operator heat controller to the first position, the operator may supply electrical energy to the electrically-powered coolant pump, which is operably coupled to heat the operator station.
Optimal operation and design of solar-thermal energy storage systems
Lizarraga-GarcĒa, Enrique
The present thesis focuses on the optimal operation and design of solar-thermal energy storage systems. First, optimization of time-variable operation to maximize revenue through selling and purchasing electricity to/from ...
Effect of component failures on economics of distributed photovoltaic systems
Lubin, B
This report describes an applied research program to assess the realistic costs of grid connected photovoltaic (PV) installations. A Board of Advisors was assembled that included management from the regional electric power utilities, as well as other participants from companies that work in the electric power industry. Although the program started with the intention of addressing effective load carrying capacity (ELCC) for utility-owned photovoltaic installations, results from the literature study and recommendations from the Board of Advisors led investigators to the conclusion that obtaining effective data for this analysis would be difficult, if not impossible. The effort was then re-focused on assessing the realistic costs and economic valuations of grid-connected PV installations. The 17 kW PV installation on the University of Hartford's Lincoln Theater was used as one source of actual data. The change in objective required a more technically oriented group. The re-organized working group (changes made due to the need for more technically oriented participants) made site visits to medium-sized PV installations in Connecticut with the objective of developing sources of operating histories. An extensive literature review helped to focus efforts in several technical and economic subjects. The objective of determining the consequences of component failures on both generation and economic returns required three analyses. The first was a Monte-Carlo-based simulation model for failure occurrences and the resulting downtime. Published failure data, though limited, was used to verify the results. A second model was developed to predict the reduction in or loss of electrical generation related to the downtime due to these failures. Finally, a comprehensive economic analysis, including these failures, was developed to determine realistic net present values of installed PV arrays. Two types of societal benefits were explored, with quantitative valuations developed for both. Some societal benefits associated with financial benefits to the utility of having a distributed generation capacity that is not fossil-fuel based have been included into the economic models. Also included and quantified in the models are several benefits to society more generally: job creation and some estimates of benefits from avoiding greenhouse emissions. PV system failures result in a lowering of the economic values of a grid-connected system, but this turned out to be a surprisingly small effect on the overall economics. The most significant benefit noted resulted from including the societal benefits accrued to the utility. This provided a marked increase in the valuations of the array and made the overall value proposition a financially attractive one, in that net present values exceeded installation costs. These results indicate that the Department of Energy and state regulatory bodies should consider focusing on societal benefits that create economic value for the utility, confirm these quantitative values, and work to have them accepted by the utilities and reflected in the rate structures for power obtained from grid-connected arrays. Understanding and applying the economic benefits evident in this work can significantly improve the business case for grid-connected PV installations. This work also indicates that the societal benefits to the population are real and defensible, but not nearly as easy to justify in a business case as are the benefits that accrue directly to the utility.
Management of a large distributed control system development project
Gurd, D. P. (David P.)
Building an accelerator at six geographically dispersed sites is quite mad, but politically expedient. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), currently under construction in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, combines a pulsed 1 Gev H{sup -} superconducting linac with a compressor ring to deliver 2 MW of beam power to a liquid mercury target for neutron production [1]. Accelerator components, target and experimental (neutron-scattering) instruments are being developed collaboratively by Lawrence Berkeley (Ion Source and Front End), Los Alamos (Linac), Thomas Jefferson (Cryosystems), Brookhaven (Compressor Ring), Oak Ridge (Target and Conventional Facilities) and Argonne (Neutron Scattering Instruments) National Laboratories. Similarly, a team distributed among all of the participating laboratories is developing the EPICS-based control system. this paper discusses the management model and strategies being used to address the unusual issues of organization, communication, standardization, integration and hand-off inherent in this widely-distributed project.
Operating experience review of an INL gas monitoring system
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Cadwallader, Lee C. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); DeWall, K. G. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Herring, J. S. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
This article describes the operations of several types of gas monitors in use at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) High Temperature Electrolysis Experiment (HTE) laboratory. The gases monitored in the lab room are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. The operating time, calibration, and both actual and unwanted alarms are described. The calibration session time durations are described. Some simple calculations are given to estimate the reliability of these monitors and the results are compared to operating experiences of other types of monitors.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation
David Deangelis; Rich Depuy; Debashis Dey; Georgia Karvountzi; Nguyen Minh; Max Peter; Faress Rahman; Pavel Sokolov; Deliang Yang
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) during the April to October 2004 reporting period in Task 2.3 (SOFC Scaleup for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Systems) under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL), entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. This study analyzes the performance and economics of power generation systems for central power generation application based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology and fueled by natural gas. The main objective of this task is to develop credible scale up strategies for large solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine systems. System concepts that integrate a SOFC with a gas turbine were developed and analyzed for plant sizes in excess of 20 MW. A 25 MW plant configuration was selected with projected system efficiency of over 65% and a factory cost of under $400/kW. The plant design is modular and can be scaled to both higher and lower plant power ratings. Technology gaps and required engineering development efforts were identified and evaluated.
Completion report harmonic analysis of electrical distribution systems
Tolbert, L.M.
Harmonic currents have increased dramatically in electrical distribution systems in the last few years due to the growth in non-linear loads found in most electronic devices. Because electrical systems have been designed for linear voltage and current waveforms; (i.e. nearly sinusoidal), non-linear loads can cause serious problems such as overheating conductors or transformers, capacitor failures, inadvertent circuit breaker tripping, or malfunction of electronic equipment. The U.S. Army Center for Public Works has proposed a study to determine what devices are best for reducing or eliminating the effects of harmonics on power systems typical of those existing in their Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence (C3I) sites.
Operating the Irish Power System with Increased Levels of Wind Power
Operating the Irish Power System with Increased Levels of Wind Power Aidan Tuohy, Student Member of Ireland. Using results from various studies performed on this system, it is shown that wind power of installed wind power will have implications for the operation of power systems. These will be seen
R3TOS: A Reliable Reconfigurable Real-Time Operating System Xabier Iturbe1,2
Arslan, Tughrul
R3TOS: A Reliable Reconfigurable Real-Time Operating System Xabier Iturbe1,2 , Khaled Benkrid1-Time Operating System (R3TOS) are presented. The main objective of R3TOS is to create an infrastruc- ture faults in the underlying chip's silicon at runtime (true fault re- moval from system). R3TOS is aimed
Distribution-Based Clustering: Using Ecology To Refine the Operational Taxonomic Unit
Preheim, Sarah Pacocha
16S rRNA sequencing, commonly used to survey microbial communities, begins by grouping individual reads into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). There are two major challenges in calling OTUs: identifying bacterial population ...
System and method of operating toroidal magnetic confinement devices
Chance, M.S.; Jardin, S.C.; Stix, T.H.; Grimm, R.C.; Manickam, J.; Okabayashi, M.
This invention pertains to methods and arrangements for attaining high beta values in plasma confinement devices. More specifically, this invention pertains to methods for accessing the second stability region of operation in toroidal magnetic confinement devices.
Improved Boiler System Operation with Real-time Chemical Control
Bloom, D.; Jenkins, B.
,910. The return on investment for these changes is shown in Table 3. The savings amounts do not include labor savings associated with reduced operator testing loads, nor possible chemical savings from reduced chemical usage, due to higher cycles. CASE...
On the Joint Distribution of Energy Levels of Random Schroedinger Operators
Michael Aizenman; Simone Warzel
We consider operators with random potentials on graphs, such as the lattice version of the random Schroedinger operator. The main result is a general bound on the probabilities of simultaneous occurrence of eigenvalues in specified distinct intervals, with the corresponding eigenfunctions being separately localized within prescribed regions. The bound generalizes the Wegner estimate on the density of states. The analysis proceeds through a new multiparameter spectral averaging principle.
Configurable memory system and method for providing atomic counting operations in a memory device
Bellofatto, Ralph E. (Ridgefield, CT); Gara, Alan G. (Mount Kisco, NY); Giampapa, Mark E. (Irvington, NY); Ohmacht, Martin (Yorktown Heights, NY)
A memory system and method for providing atomic memory-based counter operations to operating systems and applications that make most efficient use of counter-backing memory and virtual and physical address space, while simplifying operating system memory management, and enabling the counter-backing memory to be used for purposes other than counter-backing storage when desired. The encoding and address decoding enabled by the invention provides all this functionality through a combination of software and hardware.
Optimal design and operation of energy polygeneration systems
Chen, Yang, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering
Polygeneration is a concept where multiple energy products are generated in a single plant by tightly integrating multiple processes into one system. Compared to conventional single-product systems, polygeneration systems ...
Voices of Experience | Insights into Advanced Distribution Management Systems
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 spurred investments in smart grid technology and programs at utilities across the country. In 2011, the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE), in partnership with electric utilities that received ARRA funds, convened a series of Regional Smart Grid Peer-to-Peer Workshops. These were designed to bring together utilities to engage in dialogues about the most compelling smart grid topics in each region. In February 2014, OE formed the Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS) Working Group by assembling a leadership team of representatives from the utility industry with the mission to collect the experiences, insights, and lessons learned from implementing these systems. This Voices of Experience | Insights into Advanced Distribution Management Systems report is the result of a one-day meeting held at CenterPoint Energy in Houston, Texas, in May 2014 that was followed by a series of conference calls about specific aspects of ADMS, interviews with individuals leading ADMS projects at their utilities, and a final small group meeting at San Diego Gas & Electric in California in October 2014.
Applications of Optimal Building Energy System Selection and Operation
Marnay, Chris
ventilation, and air conditioning LBNL: Ernest Orlandoventilation and air conditioning system of a universityheating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of a
Methods, media and systems for managing a distributed application running in a plurality of digital processing devices
Laadan, Oren; Nieh, Jason; Phung, Dan
Methods, media and systems for managing a distributed application running in a plurality of digital processing devices are provided. In some embodiments, a method includes running one or more processes associated with the distributed application in virtualized operating system environments on a plurality of digital processing devices, suspending the one or more processes, and saving network state information relating to network connections among the one or more processes. The method further include storing process information relating to the one or more processes, recreating the network connections using the saved network state information, and restarting the one or more processes using the stored process information.
WARP: A modular wind power system for distributed electric utility application
Weisbrich, A.L. [ENECO, West Simsbury, CT (United States)] [ENECO, West Simsbury, CT (United States); Ostrow, S.L.; Padalino, J.P. [Raytheon Engineers and Constructors, New York, NY (United States)] [Raytheon Engineers and Constructors, New York, NY (United States)
Steady development of wind turbine technology, and the accumulation of wind farm operating experience, have resulted in the emergence of wind power as a potentially attractive source of electricity for utilities. Since wind turbines are inherently modular, with medium-sized units typically in the range of a few hundred kilowatts each, they lend themselves well to distributed generation service. A patented wind power technology, the Toroidal Accelerator Rotor Platform (TARP) Windframe, forms the basis for a proposed network-distributed, wind power plant combining electric generation and transmission. While heavily building on proven wind turbine technology, this system is projected to surpass traditional configuration windmills through a unique distribution/transmission combination, superior performance, user-friendly operation and maintenance, and high availability and reliability. Furthermore, its environmental benefits include little new land requirements, relatively attractive appearance, lower noise and EMI/TV interference, and reduced avian (bird) mortality potential. Its cost of energy is projected to be very competitive, in the range of from approximately 2{cents}/kWh to 5{cents}/kWh, depending on the wind resource.
Robust control strategy for PV system integration in distribution systems M.J. Hossain a,
Pota, Himanshu Roy
Robust control strategy for PV system integration in distribution systems M.J. Hossain a, , T t s " Robust control provides flexible photovoltaic (PV) accommodations. " A robust PV control can significantly enhance the penetration level. " The change in volatile PV generations is considered
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-distribution systems interactions Sample...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
system designer does not know how to design the best air distribution method for an ice rink. Ice rink... of the effectiveness of ventilation system and air distribution method....
Economical Analysis of the Cold Air Distribution System: A Case Study
Zhou, Z.; Xu, W.; Li, J.; Zhao, J.; Niu, L.
of the cold air distribution system in detail. The detailed analysis includes the air quality, comfort index, initial cost, life cost, static recycle period, and dynamic recycle period. The advantages and trends of super cold air distribution systems...
Hg System Operation Review V.B. Graves
McDonald, Kirk
and capture - Vapor monitors work as expected - Local ventilation system (Scavenger) quickly removes any
Control System Architecture for a Remotely Operated Unmanned Land Vehicle
developed for the control of industrial robots and automated manufacturing systems. In this application, RCS
air operating permit: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Air Distribution System Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary: Cold air distribution systems may reduce the operating energy consumption of air-conditioned air supply system...
Progress on the MICE Liquid Absorber Cooling and Cryogenic Distribution System
PROGRESS ON THE MICE LIQUID ABSORBER COOLING AND CRYOGENIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMprogress made on the design of the cryogenic cooling system
Aerogel-Based Insulation for Industrial Steam Distribution Systems
John Williams
Thermal losses in industrial steam distribution systems account for 977 trillion Btu/year in the US, more than 1% of total domestic energy consumption. Aspen Aerogels worked with Department of EnergyÆs Industrial Technologies Program to specify, develop, scale-up, demonstrate, and deliver Pyrogel XT«, an aerogel-based pipe insulation, to market to reduce energy losses in industrial steam systems. The product developed has become AspenÆs best selling flexible aerogel blanket insulation and has led to over 60 new jobs. Additionally, this product has delivered more than ~0.7 TBTU of domestic energy savings to date, and could produce annual energy savings of 149 TBTU by 2030. Pyrogel XTÆs commercial success has been driven by itÆs 2-4X better thermal performance, improved durability, greater resistance to corrosion under insulation (CUI), and faster installation times than incumbent insulation materials.
Economic Analysis of Trickle Distribution System Texas High Plains.
Osborn, James E.; Young, Alan M.; Wilke, Otto C.; Wendt, Charles
-subsurface distribution systems with 40-inch spacing of laterals and emitters (systems 4 through 9) ranged from $268.50 for subsurface 'Costs for hail insurance were included for expenses directly associated with irrigation. 7 TABLE 7. ESTIMATED IRRIGATION COSTS PER... 152.00 480.00 480.00 1,000.00 Sandseparator(s) 150.00 150.00 300.00 300.00 Other items' 620.58 1,193.10 1,295.12 2,829.17 Total investment 9,001.12 18,589.98 19,128.72 39,355.97 I nvestment per acre ' 562.57 580.94 597.77 614.94 'The automated...
IZ-CON: an intelligent zone controller for building systems operation
Mahdavi, A.; Schub, M.
into a number of well-formed sub-domains. Toward this end, a generative scheme for representation of buildings' systems control architecture is developed that allows for a structured distribution of systems' control logic. The scheme is cogently derived...
Optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced distribution systems: System modeling and a new formulation
Chiang, H.D.; Wang, J.C.; Tong, J. [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). School of Electrical Engineering; Darling, G. [NYSEG Corp., Binghamton, NY (United States). Distribution System Dept.
This paper undertakes the problem of optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced, radial or loop distribution networks. The problem is how to optimally determine the locations to install (or replace, or remove) capacitors, the types and sizes of capacitors to be installed (or replaced) and, during each load level, the control schemes for each capacitor in the nodes of a general three-phase unbalanced distribution system such that a desired objective function is minimized while the load constraints, network constraints and operational constraints (e.g. the voltage profile) at different load levels are satisfied. The objective function considered consists of two terms: cost for energy loss and cost related to capacitor purchase, capacitor installation, capacitor replacement and capacitor removal. Comprehensive modelings of different components are presented which include primary power networks, three-phase transformers (different winding connections, off-nominal tap ratio, core and copper losses), co-generators, voltage sensitive load models for single-phase, two-phase and three-phase loads, shunt capacitors and reactors. The new problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem with a non-differentiable objective function. The configuration space essential in the design of an annealing-based solution methodology for the new problem is derived. An effective solution methodology for solving the new problem and numerical studies on a realistic, unbalanced distribution network, a 291-bus with 305 distribution lines and 6 transformers, with varying loading conditions, will be presented in a companion paper.
Optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced distribution systems: System modeling and a new formulation
Chiang, H.D.; Wang, J.C.; Tong, J. [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). School of Electrical Engineering; Darling, G. [NYSEG Corp., Binghamton, NY (United States). Distribution System Dept.
This paper undertakes the problem of optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced, radial or loop distribution networks. The problem is how to optimally determine the locations to install (or replace, or remove) capacitors, the types and sizes of capacitors to be installed (or replaced) and, during each load level, the control schemes for each capacitor in the nodes of a general three-phase unbalanced distribution system such that a desired objective function is minimized while the load constraints, network constraints and operational constraints (e.g. the voltage profile) at different load levels are satisfied. The objective function considered consists of two terms: cost for energy loss and cost related to capacitor purchase, capacitor installation, capacitor replacement and capacitor removal. Comprehensive modelings of different components are presented which include primary power networks, three-phase transformers (different winding connections, off-nominal tap ratio, core and copper losses), co-generators, voltage sensitive load models for single-phase, two-phase and three-phase loads, shunt capacitors and rectors. The new problem is formulated as a combinational optimization problem with a non-differentiable objective function. The configuration space essential in the design of a annealing-based solution methodology for solving the new problem and numerical studies on a realistic, unbalanced distribution network, a 291-bus with 305 distribution lines and 6 transformers, with varying loading conditions, will be presented in a companion paper.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 29, NO. 1, JANUARY 2014 203 Distribution Locational Marginal Pricing for Optimal
Oren, Shmuel S.
(DSO) determines distribution locational marginal prices (DLMPs) by solving the social welfare, distribution locational marginal prices (DLMPs), distribution locational marginal pricing (DLMP), distribution at node . System locational marginal price (LMP) at time period for the node feeding the distribution grid
Opis: Reliable Distributed Systems in OCaml EPFL Technical Report NSL-REPORT-2008-001
Kuncak, Viktor
Opis: Reliable Distributed Systems in OCaml EPFL Technical Report NSL-REPORT-2008-001 Pierre provide an excellent vehicle for developing and debugging distributed systems. We present Opis, a functional-reactive approach for de- veloping distributed systems in Objective Caml. In Opis, a protocol
Some characteristics of emerging distribution systems considering the smart grid initiative
Brown, Hilary E.; Suryanarayanan, Siddharth; Heydt, Gerald T.
Modernization of the electric power system in the United States is driven by the Smart Grid Initiative. Many changes are planned in the coming years to the distribution side of the U.S. electricity delivery infrastructure to embody the idea of ''smart distribution systems.'' However, no functional or technical definition of a smart distribution system has yet been accepted by all. (author)
Impact of Dynamic PHEVs Load on Renewable Sources based Distribution System
Pota, Himanshu Roy
Impact of Dynamic PHEVs Load on Renewable Sources based Distribution System F. R. Islam, H. R. email@example.com Abstract--In this paper, charging effect of dynamic Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) is presented in a renewable energy based electricity distribution system. For planning and designing a distribution system
Magnetic Resonant Wireless Power Delivery for Distributed Sensor and Wireless Systems
Cervesato, Iliano
Magnetic Resonant Wireless Power Delivery for Distributed Sensor and Wireless Systems Brian J. Lee, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Abstract-- In this paper we report on a resonant wireless power delivery system using to loads distributed in the system. We experimentally map the power distribution for one and multiple loads
Action Models: A Reliability Modeling Formalism for Fault-Tolerant Distributed Computing Systems
Newcastle upon Tyne, University of
Action Models: A Reliability Modeling Formalism for Fault-Tolerant Distributed Computing Systems. Introduction Model-based evaluation of the reliability of distributed systems has traditionally required expert- proach to analyze the reliability of fault-tolerant distributed systems. More in particular, we want
LOAD PROFILING IN DISTRIBUTED REALTIME SYSTEMS \\Lambda ``One Size Doesn't Fit All''
LOAD PROFILING IN DISTRIBUTED REAL┬ŁTIME SYSTEMS \\Lambda ``One Size Doesn't Fit All'' Azer Bestavros a new load┬Łprofiling strategy that allows the nodes of a distributed system to be unequally loaded. Using load profiling, the system attempts to distribute the load amongst its nodes so as to maximize
The Effect of Degraded Digital Instrumentation and Control systems on Human-system Interfaces and Operator Performance
OHara, J.M.; Gunther, B.; Martinez-Guridi, G. (BNL); Xing, J.; Barnes, V. (NRC)
Integrated digital instrumentation and control (I&C) systems in new and advanced nuclear power plants (NPPs) will support operators in monitoring and controlling the plants. Even though digital systems typically are expected to be reliable, their potential for degradation or failure significantly could affect the operators performance and, consequently, jeopardize plant safety. This U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) research investigated the effects of degraded I&C systems on human performance and on plant operations. The objective was to develop technical basis and guidance for human factors engineering (HFE) reviews addressing the operator's ability to detect and manage degraded digital I&C conditions. We reviewed pertinent standards and guidelines, empirical studies, and plant operating experience. In addition, we evaluated the potential effects of selected failure modes of the digital feedwater control system of a currently operating pressurized water reactor (PWR) on human-system interfaces (HSIs) and the operators performance. Our findings indicated that I&C degradations are prevalent in plants employing digital systems, and the overall effects on the plant's behavior can be significant, such as causing a reactor trip or equipment to operate unexpectedly. I&C degradations may affect the HSIs used by operators to monitor and control the plant. For example, deterioration of the sensors can complicate the operators interpretation of displays, and sometimes may mislead them by making it appear that a process disturbance has occurred. We used the findings as the technical basis upon which to develop HFE review guidance.
Recirculating Liquid Nitrogen System for Operation of Cryogenic Pumps
Walker, Mitchell
is provided by a LN2-cooled radiation shroud, which reduces the radiative heat load on the cryosail. Since Engineering, firstname.lastname@example.com #12;2 nitrogen shroud, the heat transfer calculated by Eqn. (1 operating temperature. This is seen notionally by equation 1: Eqn. (1) where Q is the rate of heat transfer
Improving Heating System Operations Using Water Re-Circulation
Li, F.; Han, J.
In order to solve the imbalance problem of a heating system, brought about by consumer demand and regulation, and save the electricity energy consumed by a circulation pump, a water mixing and pressure difference control heating system is proposed...
Abstract--By penetrating the SCADA system, an intruder may remotely operate a power system using supervisory control
Manimaran, Govindarasu
1 Abstract-- By penetrating the SCADA system, an intruder may remotely operate a power system using vulnerability using attack trees. The attack tree formulation based on power system control networks is used to evaluate the system, scenario, and leaf vulnerabilities. The measure of vulnerabilities in the power system
Performance of a Dynamically Controlled Inverter in a Photovoltaic System Interconnected with a Secondary Network Distribution System
Coddington, M. H.; Kroposki, B. D.; Basso, T.; Berger, D.; Crowell, K.; Hayes, J.
In 2008, a 300 kW{sub peak} photovoltaic (PV) system was installed on the rooftop of the Colorado Convention Center (CCC). The installation was unique for the electric utility, Xcel Energy, as it had not previously permitted a PV system to be interconnected on a building served by the local secondary network distribution system (network). The PV system was installed with several provisions; one to prevent reverse power flow, another called a dynamically controlled inverter (DCI), that curtails the output of the PV inverters to maintain an amount of load supplied by Xcel Energy at the CCC. The DCI system utilizes current transformers (CTs) to sense power flow to insure that a minimum threshold is maintained from Xcel Energy through the network transformers. The inverters are set to track the load on each of the three phases and curtail power from the PV system when the generated PV system current reaches 95% of the current on any phase. This is achieved by the DCI, which gathers inputs from current transformers measuring the current from the PV array, Xcel, and the spot network load. Preventing reverse power flow is a critical technical requirement for the spot network which serve this part of the CCC. The PV system was designed with the expectation that the DCI system would not curtail the PV system, as the expected minimum load consumption was historically higher than the designed PV system size. However, the DCI system has operated many days during the course of a year, and the performance has been excellent. The DCI system at the CCC was installed as a secondary measure to insure that a minimum level of power flows to the CCC from the Xcel Energy network. While this DCI system was intended for localized control, the system could also reduce output percent if an external smart grid control signal was employed. This paper specifically focuses on the performance of the innovative design at this installation; however, the DCI system could also be used for new s- art grid-enabled distribution systems where renewables power contributions at certain conditions or times may need to be curtailed.
Joint-Frequency Bins versus Conventional Bin Weather Data in Analysis of HVAC System Operation
Jones, A.; Baltazar, J. C.; Claridge, D. E.
this study the use of joint-frequency bins has relative added value to the analysis of HVAC system operation depending on whether the system is dominated by ventilation loads....
Vision based navigation system for autonomous proximity operations: an experimental and analytical study
Du, Ju-Young
This dissertation presents an experimental and analytical study of the Vision Based Navigation system (VisNav). VisNav is a novel intelligent optical sensor system invented by Texas A&M University recently for autonomous proximity operations...
A study of the Mighty Motors operating system : making sustainable improvements at a powertrain manufacturing facility
Dibb, Gregory David, 1974-
Many manufacturing companies are developing their own production or operating system, particularly in an effort to duplicate the widely renowned Toyota Production System. Toyota has demonstrated its potential for improving ...
Combined Operation of Solar Energy Source Heat Pump, Low-vale Electricity and Floor Radiant SystemĀ
Liu, G.; Guo, Z.; Hu, S.
solar energy, low-vale electricity as heat sources in a floor radiant system are analyzed. This paper presents a new heat pump system and discusses its operational modes in winter....
An Approach to Analyze Tradeoffs for Aerospace System Design and Operation
O'Neill, Gregory
There are important tradeoffs that need to be considered for the design and operation of aerospace systems. In addition to tradeoffs, there may also be multiple stakeholders of interest to the system and each may have ...
An approach to analyze tradeoffs for aerospace system design and operation
O'Neill, Michael Gregory
There are important tradeoffs that need to be considered for the design and operation of aerospace systems. In addition to tradeoffs, there may also be multiple stakeholders of interest to the system and each may have ...
Combined Operation of Solar Energy Source Heat Pump, Low-vale Electricity and Floor Radiant System
Liu, G.; Guo, Z.; Hu, S.
solar energy, low-vale electricity as heat sources in a floor radiant system are analyzed. This paper presents a new heat pump system and discusses its operational modes in winter....
Conservation of Energy Through The Use of a Predictive Performance Simulator of Operating Cooling Water Systems
Schell, C. J.
chemical treatment program for the prevention of corrosion, scale and deposit accumulations. Calgon has made available a computerized performance simulator of operating cooling water systems which reliably predicts system corrosion rates, percent scale...
Vision based navigation system for autonomous proximity operations: an experimental and analytical studyĀ
Du, Ju-Young
This dissertation presents an experimental and analytical study of the Vision Based Navigation system (VisNav). VisNav is a novel intelligent optical sensor system invented by Texas A&M University recently for autonomous proximity operations...
Methods for operating parallel computing systems employing sequenced communications
Benner, R.E.; Gustafson, J.L.; Montry, G.R.
A parallel computing system and method are disclosed having improved performance where a program is concurrently run on a plurality of nodes for reducing total processing time, each node having a processor, a memory, and a predetermined number of communication channels connected to the node and independently connected directly to other nodes. The present invention improves performance of the parallel computing system by providing a system which can provide efficient communication between the processors and between the system and input and output devices. A method is also disclosed which can locate defective nodes with the computing system. 15 figs.
An examination of the costs and critical characteristics of electric utility distribution system capacity enhancement projects
Balducci, Patrick J.; Schienbein, Lawrence A.; Nguyen, Tony B.; Brown, Daryl R.; Fathelrahman, Eihab M.
This report classifies and analyzes the capital and total costs (e.g., income tax, property tax, depreciation, centralized power generation, insurance premiums, and capital financing) associated with 130 electricity distribution system capacity enhancement projects undertaken during 1995-2002 or planned in the 2003-2011 time period by three electric power utilities operating in the Pacific Northwest. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), in cooperation with participating utilities, has developed a large database of over 3,000 distribution system projects. The database includes brief project descriptions, capital cost estimates, the stated need for each project, and engineering data. The database was augmented by additional technical (e.g., line loss, existing substation capacities, and forecast peak demand for power in the area served by each project), cost (e.g., operations, maintenance, and centralized power generation costs), and financial (e.g., cost of capital, insurance premiums, depreciations, and tax rates) data. Though there are roughly 3,000 projects in the database, the vast majority were not included in this analysis because they either did not clearly enhance capacity or more information was needed, and not available, to adequately conduct the cost analyses. For the 130 projects identified for this analysis, capital cost frequency distributions were constructed, and expressed in terms of dollars per kVA of additional capacity. The capital cost frequency distributions identify how the projects contained within the database are distributed across a broad cost spectrum. Furthermore, the PNNL Energy Cost Analysis Model (ECAM) was used to determine the full costs (e.g., capital, operations and maintenance, property tax, income tax, depreciation, centralized power generation costs, insurance premiums and capital financing) associated with delivering electricity to customers, once again expressed in terms of costs per kVA of additional capacity. The projects were sorted into eight categories (capacitors, load transfer, new feeder, new line, new substation, new transformer, reconductoring, and substation capacity increase) and descriptive statistics (e.g., mean, total cost, number of observations, and standard deviation) were constructed for each project type. Furthermore, statistical analysis has been performed using ordinary least squares regression analysis to identify how various project variables (e.g., project location, the primary customer served by the project, the type of project, the reason for the upgrade, size of the upgrade) impact the unit cost of the project.
Plant and operational features of the BPA 30 MJ superconducting magnetic energy storage system
Rogers, J.D.; Hauer, J.F.
A 30 MJ superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system was designed and developed for application in the Western US Power System to damp power oscillations that limit high voltage ac transmission. The system is in place at the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Tacoma Substation and has been in an experimental use for over a year. Extended operations of the unit have been undertaken with success. The physical, electrical, and operational features of the SMES system are given.
Index for the Evaluation of Distributed Generation Impacts on Distribution System Luis F. Ochoa (1,2)
Harrison, Gareth
decisions that lead to the best management of the system, regarding both technical and economical aspects. Various studies have demonstrated that integration of DG in distribution networks may create technical in voltage control processes, diminish or increase losses, etc. In fact, all our knowledge about distribution
Integrated Retail and Wholesale (IRW) Power System Operations with Smart-Grid Functionality
Tesfatsion, Leigh
Integrated Retail and Wholesale (IRW) Power System Operations with Smart-Grid Functionality Leigh of the Integrated Retail/Wholesale (IRW) project at Iowa State University ┬Ę IRW Test Bed development ┬Ę Integration-NE, MISO, XM, RTE, MEC IRW Project: Integrated Retail/Wholesale Power System Operation with Smart
Model Institute of Energy Economics and the Rational Use of EnergyIER Changes of System Operation CostsCHANGES OF SYSTEM OPERATION COSTS DUE TO LARGE-SCALE WIND INTEGRATION Derk Jan SWIDER1 , R³diger-Essen, Germany 3 Risoe International Laboratory, Denmark Business and Policy Track: Integrating wind
Palacios and Kitten: New High Performance Operating Systems For Scalable Virtualized and Native Supercomputing
Maccabe, Barney
Palacios and Kitten: New High Performance Operating Systems For Scalable Virtualized and Native-featured virtualized environ- ments alongside Kitten's lightweight native environment. Pala- cios supports existing, unmodified applications and operating systems by using the hardware virtualization technologies in recent AMD
A Real-Time Decision Support System for High Cost Oil-Well Drilling Operations
Aamodt, Agnar
A Real-Time Decision Support System for High Cost Oil-Well Drilling Operations Odd Erik Gundersen In this paper we present DrillEdge - a commercial and award winning software system that monitors oil-well drilling operations in order to reduce non-productive time (NPT). DrillEdge utilizes case-based reasoning
Server Operating Systems Frans Kaashoek, Dawson Engler, Gregory Ganger, and Deborah Wallach
Ganger, Greg
Server Operating Systems Frans Kaashoek, Dawson Engler, Gregory Ganger, and Deborah Wallach M.I.T. Laboratory Computer Science fkaashoek,engler,ganger,firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract introduce server operating systems, which sets abstractions runtime support specialized, highŁ performance server applications. have
Application Performance in the QLinux Multimedia Operating System Vijay Sundaram Abhishek Chandra Pawan Goyal
Kaur, Jasleen
a mix of (i) conventional best- effort applications that desire low average response times demanding application mixes can be easily han- dled by a conventional best-effort operating system running them a practical choice for conven- tional operating systems. "!$#&%('0)0123#54 '6! Recent advances
Application Performance in the QLinux Multimedia Operating System Vijay Sundaram Abhishek Chandra Pawan Goyaly
Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
a mix of (i) conventional bestŁ effort applications that desire low average response times demanding application mixes can be easily hanŁ dled by a conventional bestŁeffort operating system running them a practical choice for convenŁ tional operating systems. 1. Introduction Recent advances
5 Job Control The UNIX operating system accommodates the execution of programs in
Spector, Phil
5 Job Control The UNIX operating system accommodates the execution of programs in two modes, since jobs in the foreground will terminate when you logoff. To make it known the the UNIX operating system that you wish to run a job in the background, terminate the command with an ampersand (&). (Under
Processing module operating methods, processing modules, and communications systems
McCown, Steven Harvey; Derr, Kurt W.; Moore, Troy
A processing module operating method includes using a processing module physically connected to a wireless communications device, requesting that the wireless communications device retrieve encrypted code from a web site and receiving the encrypted code from the wireless communications device. The wireless communications device is unable to decrypt the encrypted code. The method further includes using the processing module, decrypting the encrypted code, executing the decrypted code, and preventing the wireless communications device from accessing the decrypted code. Another processing module operating method includes using a processing module physically connected to a host device, executing an application within the processing module, allowing the application to exchange user interaction data communicated using a user interface of the host device with the host device, and allowing the application to use the host device as a communications device for exchanging information with a remote device distinct from the host device.
Decision support for operations and maintenance (DSOM) system
Jarrell, Donald B. (Kennewick, WA); Meador, Richard J. (Richland, WA); Sisk, Daniel R. (Richland, WA); Hatley, Darrel D. (Kennewick, WA); Brown, Daryl R. (Richland, WA); Keibel, Gary R. (Richland, WA); Gowri, Krishnan (Richland, WA); Reyes-Spindola, Jorge F. (Richland, WA); Adams, Kevin J. (San Bruno, CA); Yates, Kenneth R. (Lake Oswego, OR); Eschbach, Elizabeth J. (Fort Collins, CO); Stratton, Rex C. (Richland, WA)
A method for minimizing the life cycle cost of processes such as heating a building. The method utilizes sensors to monitor various pieces of equipment used in the process, for example, boilers, turbines, and the like. The method then performs the steps of identifying a set optimal operating conditions for the process, identifying and measuring parameters necessary to characterize the actual operating condition of the process, validating data generated by measuring those parameters, characterizing the actual condition of the process, identifying an optimal condition corresponding to the actual condition, comparing said optimal condition with the actual condition and identifying variances between the two, and drawing from a set of pre-defined algorithms created using best engineering practices, an explanation of at least one likely source and at least one recommended remedial action for selected variances, and providing said explanation as an output to at least one user.
Visualization of the operational space of edge-localized modes through low-dimensional embedding of probability distributions
Shabbir, A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Noterdaeme, J. M. [Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent (Belgium); Max-Planck-Institut f³r Plasmaphysik, Garching D-85748 (Germany); Verdoolaege, G. [Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent (Belgium); Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor Plasmafysica van de KMS (LPP-ERM/KMS), Ecole Royale Militaire, Koninklijke Militaire School, B-1000 Brussels (Belgium); Kardaun, O. J. W. F. [Max-Planck-Institut f³r Plasmaphysik, Garching D-85748 (Germany); Collaboration: JET-EFDA Team
Information visualization aimed at facilitating human perception is an important tool for the interpretation of experiments on the basis of complex multidimensional data characterizing the operational space of fusion devices. This work describes a method for visualizing the operational space on a two-dimensional map and applies it to the discrimination of type I and type III edge-localized modes (ELMs) from a series of carbon-wall ELMy discharges at JET. The approach accounts for stochastic uncertainties that play an important role in fusion data sets, by modeling measurements with probability distributions in a metric space. The method is aimed at contributing to physical understanding of ELMs as well as their control. Furthermore, it is a general method that can be applied to the modeling of various other plasma phenomena as well.
Ray, C.; Huang, Z.
Prony Analysis is a technique used to decompose a signal into a series consisting of weighted complex exponentials and promises to be an effi cient way of recognizing sensitive lines during faults in power systems such as the U.S. Power grid. Positive Sequence Load Flow (PSLF) was used to simulate the performance of a simple two-area-four-generator system and the reaction of the system during a line fault. The Dynamic System Identifi cation (DSI) Toolbox was used to perform Prony analysis and use modal information to identify key transmission lines for power fl ow adjustment to improve system damping. The success of the application of Prony analysis methods to the data obtained from PSLF is reported, and the key transmission line for adjustment is identifi ed. Future work will focus on larger systems and improving the current algorithms to deal with networks such as large portions of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) power grid.
Distribution System Voltage Performance Analysis for High-Penetration Photovoltaics
Liu, E.; Bebic, J.
This report examines the performance of commonly used distribution voltage regulation methods under reverse power flow.
Operating Procedures for the SAMCO ICP RIE System
Reif, Rafael
flows, RF power supplies He back side cooling system and active recipe. In the figure above, the various high- density plasma that is created through the use of two RF power supplies. In addition, the system.................................................................................................................. 9 3. RF Power Supplies
Management of Power Demand through Operations of Building Systems
ElSherbini, A. I.; Maheshwari, G.; Al-Naqib, D.; Al-Mulla, A.
In hot summers, the demand for electrical power is dominated by the requirements of the air-conditioning and lighting systems. Such systems account for more than 80% of the peak electrical demand in Kuwait. A study was conducted to explore...

subset: commoncrawl