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The International Linear Collider
Barish, Barry
In this article, we describe the key features of the recently completed technical design for the International Linear Collider (ILC), a 200-500 GeV linear electron-positron collider (expandable to 1 TeV) that is based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) technology. The machine parameters and detector characteristics have been chosen to complement the Large Hadron Collider physics, including the discovery of the Higgs boson, and to further exploit this new particle physics energy frontier with a precision instrument. The linear collider design is the result of nearly twenty years of R&D, resulting in a mature conceptual design for the ILC project that reflects an international consensus. We summarize the physics goals and capability of the ILC, the enabling R&D and resulting accelerator design, as well as the concepts for two complementary detectors. The ILC is technically ready to be proposed and built as a next generation lepton collider, perhaps to be built in stages beginning as a Hig...
International Workshop on Linear Colliders 2010
IWLC2010 International Workshop on Linear Colliders 2010ECFA-CLIC-ILC joint meeting: Monday 18 October - Friday 22 October 2010Venue: CERN and CICG (International Conference Centre Geneva, Switzerland)ĀThis year, the International Workshop on Linear Colliders organized by the European Committee for Future Accelerators (ECFA) will study the physics, detectors and accelerator complex of a linear collider covering both CLIC and ILC options.Contact Workshop SecretariatĀĀIWLC2010 is hostedĀby CERN
Siting the International Linear Collider at Hanford
Kouzes, Richard T.; Asner, David M.; Brodzinski, Ronald L.; Fast, James E.; Miley, Harry S.
Review of the proposed International Linear Collider, applications in high energy physics, and evaluation of the Hanford Site as a possible location for siting the facilityl.
Siting the International Linear Collider at Hanford
Kouzes, Richard T.; Asner, David M.; Brodzinski, Ronald L.; Fast, James E.; Miley, Harry S.
Review of the proposed International Linear Collider, applications in high energy physics, and evaluation of the Hanford Site as a possible location for siting the facility.
International linear collider reference design report
Aarons, G.
The International Linear Collider will give physicists a new cosmic doorway to explore energy regimes beyond the reach of today's accelerators. A proposed electron-positron collider, the ILC will complement the Large Hadron Collider, a proton-proton collider at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland, together unlocking some of the deepest mysteries in the universe. With LHC discoveries pointing the way, the ILC -- a true precision machine -- will provide the missing pieces of the puzzle. Consisting of two linear accelerators that face each other, the ILC will hurl some 10 billion electrons and their anti-particles, positrons, toward each other at nearly the speed of light. Superconducting accelerator cavities operating at temperatures near absolute zero give the particles more and more energy until they smash in a blazing crossfire at the centre of the machine. Stretching approximately 35 kilometres in length, the beams collide 14,000 times every second at extremely high energies -- 500 billion-electron-volts (GeV). Each spectacular collision creates an array of new particles that could answer some of the most fundamental questions of all time. The current baseline design allows for an upgrade to a 50-kilometre, 1 trillion-electron-volt (TeV) machine during the second stage of the project. This reference design provides the first detailed technical snapshot of the proposed future electron-positron collider, defining in detail the technical parameters and components that make up each section of the 31-kilometer long accelerator. The report will guide the development of the worldwide R&D program, motivate international industrial studies and serve as the basis for the final engineering design needed to make an official project proposal later this decade.
Governance of the International Linear Collider Project
Foster, B.; /Oxford U.; Barish, B.; /Caltech; Delahaye, J.P.; /CERN; Dosselli, U.; /INFN, Padua; Elsen, E.; /DESY; Harrison, M.; /Brookhaven; Mnich, J.; /DESY; Paterson, J.M.; /SLAC; Richard, F.; /Orsay, LAL; Stapnes, S.; /CERN; Suzuki, A.; /KEK, Tsukuba; Wormser, G.; /Orsay, LAL; Yamada, S.; /KEK, Tsukuba
Governance models for the International Linear Collider Project are examined in the light of experience from similar international projects around the world. Recommendations for one path which could be followed to realize the ILC successfully are outlined. The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a unique endeavour in particle physics; fully international from the outset, it has no 'host laboratory' to provide infrastructure and support. The realization of this project therefore presents unique challenges, in scientific, technical and political arenas. This document outlines the main questions that need to be answered if the ILC is to become a reality. It describes the methodology used to harness the wisdom displayed and lessons learned from current and previous large international projects. From this basis, it suggests both general principles and outlines a specific model to realize the ILC. It recognizes that there is no unique model for such a laboratory and that there are often several solutions to a particular problem. Nevertheless it proposes concrete solutions that the authors believe are currently the best choices in order to stimulate discussion and catalyze proposals as to how to bring the ILC project to fruition. The ILC Laboratory would be set up by international treaty and be governed by a strong Council to whom a Director General and an associated Directorate would report. Council would empower the Director General to give strong management to the project. It would take its decisions in a timely manner, giving appropriate weight to the financial contributions of the member states. The ILC Laboratory would be set up for a fixed term, capable of extension by agreement of all the partners. The construction of the machine would be based on a Work Breakdown Structure and value engineering and would have a common cash fund sufficiently large to allow the management flexibility to optimize the project's construction. Appropriate contingency, clearly apportioned at both a national and global level, is essential if the project is to be realised. Finally, models for running costs and decommissioning at the conclusion of the ILC project are proposed. This document represents an interim report of the bodies and individuals studying these questions inside the structure set up and supervised by the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA). It represents a request for comment to the international community in all relevant disciplines, scientific, technical and most importantly, political. Many areas require further study and some, in particular the site selection process, have not yet progressed sufficiently to be addressed in detail in this document. Discussion raised by this document will be vital in framing the final proposals due to be published in 2012 in the Technical Design Report being prepared by the Global Design Effort of the ILC.
Klystron switching power supplies for the Internation Linear Collider
Fraioli, Andrea; /Cassino U. /INFN, Pisa
The International Linear Collider is a majestic High Energy Physics particle accelerator that will give physicists a new cosmic doorway to explore energy regimes beyond the reach of today's accelerators. ILC will complement the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a proton-proton collider at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland, by producing electron-positron collisions at center of mass energy of about 500 GeV. In particular, the subject of this dissertation is the R&D for a solid state Marx Modulator and relative switching power supply for the International Linear Collider Main LINAC Radio Frequency stations.
International Linear Collider-A Technical Progress Report
Elsen, Eckhard; /DESY; Harrison, Mike; /Brookhaven; Hesla, Leah; /Fermilab; Ross, Marc; /Fermilab; Royole-Degieux, Perrine; /Paris, IN2P3; Takahashi, Rika; /KEK, Tsukuba; Walker, Nicholas; /DESY; Warmbein, Barbara; /DESY; Yamamoto, Akira; /KEK, Tsukuba; Yokoya, Kaoru; /KEK, Tsukuba; Zhang, Min; /Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.
The International Linear Collider: A Technical Progress Report marks the halfway point towards the Global Design Effort fulfilling its mandate to follow up the ILC Reference Design Report with a more optimised Technical Design Report (TDR) by the end of 2012. The TDR will be based on much of the work reported here and will contain all the elements needed to propose the ILC to collaborating governments, including a technical design and implementation plan that are realistic and have been better optimised for performance, cost and risk. We are on track to develop detailed plans for the ILC, such that once results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN establish the main science goals and parameters of the next machine, we will be in good position to make a strong proposal for this new major global project in particle physics. The two overriding issues for the ILC R&D programme are to demonstrate that the technical requirements for the accelerator are achievable with practical technologies, and that the ambitious physics goals can be addressed by realistic ILC detectors. This GDE interim report documents the impressive progress on the accelerator technologies that can make the ILC a reality. It highlights results of the technological demonstrations that are giving the community increased confidence that we will be ready to proceed with an ILC project following the TDR. The companion detector and physics report document likewise demonstrates how detector designs can meet the ambitious and detailed physics goals set out by the ILC Steering Committee. LHC results will likely affect the requirements for the machine design and the detectors, and we are monitoring that very closely, intending to adapt our design as those results become available.
Investigation into electron cloud effects in the International Linear Collider positron damping ring
Crittenden, J.A.; Conway, J.; Dugan, G.F.; Palmer, M.A.; Rubin, D.L.; Shanks, J.; Sonnad, K.G.; Boon, L.; Harkay, K.; Ishibashi, T.; Furman, M.A.; Guiducci, S.; Pivi, M.T.F.; Wang, L.; Crittenden, J.A.; Conway, J.; Dugan, G.F.; Palmer, M.A.; Rubin, D.L.; Shanks, J.; Sonnad, K.G.; Boon, L.; Harkay, K.; Ishibashi, T.; Furman, M.A.; Guiducci, S.; Pivi, M.T.F.; Wang, L.
We report modeling results for electron cloud buildup and instability in the International Linear Collider positron damping ring. Updated optics, wiggler magnets, and vacuum chamber designs have recently been developed for the 5 GeV, 3.2-km racetrack layout. An analysis of the synchrotron radiation profile around the ring has been performed, including the effects of diffuse and specular photon scattering on the interior surfaces of the vacuum chamber. The results provide input to the cloud buildup simulations for the various magnetic field regions of the ring. The modeled cloud densities thus obtained are used in the instability threshold calculations. We conclude that the mitigation techniques employed in this model will suffice to allow operation of the damping ring at the design operational specifications
Interim report on the Global Design Effort Global International Linear Collider (ILC) R&D
Harrison, M.
The International Linear Collider: A Technical Progress Report marks the halfway point towards the Global Design Effort fulfilling its mandate to follow up the ILC Reference Design Report with a more optimised Technical Design Report (TDR) by the end of 2012. The TDR will be based on much of the work reported here and will contain all the elements needed to propose the ILC to collaborating governments, including a technical design and implementation plan that are realistic and have been better optimised for performance, cost and risk. We are on track to develop detailed plans for the ILC, such that once results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN establish the main science goals and parameters of the next machine, we will be in good position to make a strong proposal for this new major global project in particle physics. The two overriding issues for the ILC R&D programme are to demonstrate that the technical requirements for the accelerator are achievable with practical technologies, and that the ambitious physics goals can be addressed by realistic ILC detectors. This GDE interim report documents the impressive progress on the accelerator technologies that can make the ILC a reality. It highlights results of the technological demonstrations that are giving the community increased confidence that we will be ready to proceed with an ILC project following the TDR. The companion detector and physics report document likewise demonstrates how detector designs can meet the ambitious and detailed physics goals set out by the ILC Steering Committee. LHC results will likely affect the requirements for the machine design and the detectors, and we are monitoring that very closely, intending to adapt our design as those results become available.
Final Report for the UNIVERSITY-BASED DETECTOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL LINEAR COLLIDER
Brau, James E [Univ. of Oregon] [Univ. of Oregon
The U.S Linear Collider Detector R&D program, supported by the DOE and NSF umbrella grants to the University of Oregon, made significant advances on many critical aspects of the ILC detector program. Progress advanced on vertex detector sensor development, silicon and TPC tracking, calorimetry on candidate technologies, and muon detection, as well as on beamline measurements of luminosity, energy, and polarization.
Positrons for linear colliders
Ecklund, S.
The requirements of a positron source for a linear collider are briefly reviewed, followed by methods of positron production and production of photons by electromagnetic cascade showers. Cross sections for the electromagnetic cascade shower processes of positron-electron pair production and Compton scattering are compared. A program used for Monte Carlo analysis of electromagnetic cascades is briefly discussed, and positron distributions obtained from several runs of the program are discussed. Photons from synchrotron radiation and from channeling are also mentioned briefly, as well as positron collection, transverse focusing techniques, and longitudinal capture. Computer ray tracing is then briefly discussed, followed by space-charge effects and thermal heating and stress due to showers. (LEW)
International Linear Collider Reference Design Report Volume 2: Physics at the ILC
Aarons, Gerald; Abe, Toshinori; Abernathy, Jason; Ablikim, Medina; Abramowicz, Halina; Adey, David; Adloff, Catherine; Adolphsen, Chris; Afanaciev, Konstantin; Agapov, Ilya; Ahn, Jung-Keun; Aihara, Hiroaki; Akemoto, Mitsuo; del Carmen Alabau, Maria; Albert, Justin; Albrecht, Hartwig; Albrecht, Michael; Alesini, David; Alexander, Gideon; Alexander, Jim; Allison, Wade; /SLAC /Tokyo U. /Victoria U. /Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. /Tel Aviv U. /Birmingham U. /Annecy, LAPP /Minsk, High Energy Phys. Ctr. /DESY /Royal Holloway, U. of London /CERN /Pusan Natl. U. /KEK, Tsukuba /Orsay, LAL /Notre Dame U. /Frascati /Cornell U., Phys. Dept. /Oxford U. /Hefei, CUST /Bangalore, Indian Inst. Sci. /Fermilab
The triumph of 20th century particle physics was the development of the Standard Model and the confirmation of many of its aspects. Experiments determined the particle constituents of ordinary matter, and identified four forces that hold matter together and transform it from one form to another. Particle interactions were found to obey precise laws of relativity and quantum theory. Remarkable features of quantum physics were observed, including the real effects of 'virtual' particles on the visible world. Building on this success, particle physicists are now able to address questions that are even more fundamental, and explore some of the deepest mysteries in science. The scope of these questions is illustrated by this summary from the report Quantum Universe: (1) Are there undiscovered principles of nature; (2) How can we solve the mystery of dark energy; (3) Are there extra dimensions of space; (4) Do all the forces become one; (5) Why are there so many particles; (6) What is dark matter? How can we make it in the laboratory; (7) What are neutrinos telling us; (8) How did the universe begin; and (9) What happened to the antimatter? A worldwide program of particle physics investigations, using multiple approaches, is already underway to explore this compelling scientific landscape. As emphasized in many scientific studies, the International Linear Collider is expected to play a central role in what is likely to be an era of revolutionary advances. Discoveries from the ILC could have breakthrough impact on many of these fundamental questions. Many of the scientific opportunities for the ILC involve the Higgs particle and related new phenomena at Terascale energies. The Standard Model boldly hypothesizes a new form of Terascale energy, called the Higgs field, that permeates the entire universe. Elementary particles acquire mass by interacting with this field. The Higgs field also breaks a fundamental electroweak force into two forces, the electromagnetic and weak forces, which are observed by experiments in very different forms. So far, there is no direct experimental evidence for a Higgs field or the Higgs particle that should accompany it. Furthermore, quantum effects of the type already observed in experiments should destabilize the Higgs boson of the Standard Model, preventing its operation at Terascale energies. The proposed antidotes for this quantum instability mostly involve dramatic phenomena at the Terascale: new forces, a new principle of nature called supersymmetry, or even extra dimensions of space. Thus for particle physicists the Higgs boson is at the center of a much broader program of discovery, taking off from a long list of questions. Is there really a Higgs boson? If not, what are the mechanisms that give mass to particles and break the electroweak force? If there is a Higgs boson, does it differ from the hypothetical Higgs of the Standard Model? Is there more than one Higgs particle? What are the new phenomena that stabilize the Higgs boson at the Terascale? What properties of Higgs boson inform us about these new phenomena? Another major opportunity for the ILC is to shed light on the dark side of the universe. Astrophysical data shows that dark matter dominates over visible matter, and that almost all of this dark matter cannot be composed of known particles. This data, combined with the concordance model of Big Bang cosmology, suggests that dark matter is comprised of new particles that interact weakly with ordinary matter and have Terascale masses. It is truely remarkable that astrophysics and cosmology, completely independently of the particle physics considerations reviewed above, point to new phenomena at the Terascale. If Terascale dark matter exists, experiments at the ILC should be able to produce such particles in the laboratory and study their properties. Another list of questions will then beckon. Do these new particles really have the correct properties to be the dark matter? Do they account for all of the dark matter, or only part of it? What do their properties tell us about the evolut
A Highly Granular Silicon-Tungsten Electromagnetic Calorimeter and Top Quark Production at the International Linear Collider
Rouļnķ, J
This thesis deals with two aspects of the International Linear Collider (ILC) which is a project of a linear electron-positron collider of up to at least 500 GeV center of mass energy. The first aspect is the development of a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) for one of the detectors of the ILC. The concept of this detector is driven by the ILC beam specifications and by the Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA). This requires highly granular calorimeter and very compact one with integrated electronics. To prove the capability of the SiW- ECAL a technological prototype has been built and tested in test beam at DESY. The results are presented here, and show, after the calibration procedure a signal over noise ratio of 10, even in the power pulsing mode. The second aspect is the study of one of the important physics channels of the ILC, the top anti-top quark pairs production. The main goal of this study is to determine the precision that we can expect at the ILC on the top coupling with the W bos...
Towards a Future Linear Collider and The Linear Collider Studies at CERN
During the week 18-22 October, more than 400 physicists will meet at CERN and in the CICG (International Conference Centre Geneva) to review the global progress towards a future linear collider. The 2010 International Workshop on Linear Colliders will study the physics, detectors and accelerator complex of a linear collider covering both the CLIC and ILC options. Among the topics presented and discussed will be the progress towards the CLIC Conceptual Design Report in 2011, the ILC Technical Design Report in 2012, physics and detector studies linked to these reports, and an increasing numbers of common working group activities. The seminar will give an overview of these topics and also CERN?s linear collider studies, focusing on current activities and initial plans for the period 2011-16. n.b: The Council Chamber is also reserved for this colloquium with a live transmission from the Main Auditorium.
2009 Linear Collider Workshop of the Americas
Seidel, Sally
The 2009 Linear Collider Workshop of the Americas was held on the campus of the University of New Mexico from 29 September to 3 October, 2009. This was a joint meeting of the American Linear Collider Physics Group and the ILC Global Design Effort. Two hundred fifty people attended. The number of scientific contributions was 333. The complete agenda, with links to all of the presentations, is available at physics.unm.edu/LCWA09/. The meeting brought together international experts as well as junior scientists, to discuss the physics potential of the linear collider and advances in detector technology. The validation of detector designs was announced, and the detector design groups planned the next phase of the effort. Detector R&D teams reported on progress on many topics including calorimetry and tracking. Recent accelerator design considerations were discussed in a special session for experimentalists and theorists.
A Method for the Precision Mass Measurement of the Stop Quark at the International Linear Collider
Freitas, Ayres; /Chicago U. /Argonne /Zurich U.; Milstene, Caroline; /Fermilab /Wayne State U.; Schmitt, Michael; /Northwestern U.; Sopczak, Andre; /Lancaster U.
Many supersymmetric models predict new particles within the reach of the next generation of colliders. For an understanding of the model structure and the mechanism(s) of symmetry breaking, it is important to know the masses of the new particles precisely. In this article the measurement of the mass of the scalar partner of the top quark (stop) at an e+e- collider is studied. A relatively light stop is motivated by attempts to explain electroweak baryogenesis and can play an important role in dark matter relic density. A method is presented which makes use of cross-section measurements near the pair-production threshold as well as at higher center-of-mass energies. It is shown that this method not only increases the statistical precision, but also greatly reduces the systematic uncertainties, which can be important. Numerical results are presented, based on a realistic event simulation, for two signal selection strategies: using conventional selection cuts, and using an Iterative Discriminant Analysis (IDA). Our studies indicate that a precision of {Delta}m{tilde t}{sub 1} = 0.42 GeV can be achieved, representing a major improvement over previous studies. While the analysis of stops is particularly challenging due to the possibility of stop hadronization, the general procedure could be applied to the mass measurement of other particles as well. We also comment on the potential of the IDA to discover a stop quark in this scenario, and we revisit the accuracy of the theoretical predictions for the neutralino relic density
Test facilities for future linear colliders
Ruth, R.D.
During the past several years there has been a tremendous amount of progress on Linear Collider technology world wide. This research has led to the construction of the test facilities described in this report. Some of the facilities will be complete as early as the end of 1996, while others will be finishing up around the end 1997. Even now there are extensive tests ongoing for the enabling technologies for all of the test facilities. At the same time the Linear Collider designs are quite mature now and the SLC is providing the key experience base that can only come from a working collider. All this taken together indicates that the technology and accelerator physics will be ready for a future Linear Collider project to begin in the last half of the 1990s.
The Next Linear Collider: NLC2001
D. Burke et al.
Recent studies in elementary particle physics have made the need for an e{sup +}e{sup -} linear collider able to reach energies of 500 GeV and above with high luminosity more compelling than ever [1]. Observations and measurements completed in the last five years at the SLC (SLAC), LEP (CERN), and the Tevatron (FNAL) can be explained only by the existence of at least one particle or interaction that has not yet been directly observed in experiment. The Higgs boson of the Standard Model could be that particle. The data point strongly to a mass for the Higgs boson that is just beyond the reach of existing colliders. This brings great urgency and excitement to the potential for discovery at the upgraded Tevatron early in this decade, and almost assures that later experiments at the LHC will find new physics. But the next generation of experiments to be mounted by the world-wide particle physics community must not only find this new physics, they must find out what it is. These experiments must also define the next important threshold in energy. The need is to understand physics at the TeV energy scale as well as the physics at the 100-GeV energy scale is now understood. This will require both the LHC and a companion linear electron-positron collider. A first Zeroth-Order Design Report (ZDR) [2] for a second-generation electron-positron linear collider, the Next Linear Collider (NLC), was published five years ago. The NLC design is based on a high-frequency room-temperature rf accelerator. Its goal is exploration of elementary particle physics at the TeV center-of-mass energy, while learning how to design and build colliders at still higher energies. Many advances in accelerator technologies and improvements in the design of the NLC have been made since 1996. This Report is a brief update of the ZDR.
Linear Collider Physics Resource Book Snowmass 2001
Ronan (Editor), M.T.
The American particle physics community can look forward to a well-conceived and vital program of experimentation for the next ten years, using both colliders and fixed target beams to study a wide variety of pressing questions. Beyond 2010, these programs will be reaching the end of their expected lives. The CERN LHC will provide an experimental program of the first importance. But beyond the LHC, the American community needs a coherent plan. The Snowmass 2001 Workshop and the deliberations of the HEPAP subpanel offer a rare opportunity to engage the full community in planning our future for the next decade or more. A major accelerator project requires a decade from the beginning of an engineering design to the receipt of the first data. So it is now time to decide whether to begin a new accelerator project that will operate in the years soon after 2010. We believe that the world high-energy physics community needs such a project. With the great promise of discovery in physics at the next energy scale, and with the opportunity for the uncovering of profound insights, we cannot allow our field to contract to a single experimental program at a single laboratory in the world. We believe that an e{sup +}e{sup -} linear collider is an excellent choice for the next major project in high-energy physics. Applying experimental techniques very different from those used at hadron colliders, an e{sup +}e{sup -} linear collider will allow us to build on the discoveries made at the Tevatron and the LHC, and to add a level of precision and clarity that will be necessary to understand the physics of the next energy scale. It is not necessary to anticipate specific results from the hadron collider programs to argue for constructing an e{sup +}e{sup -} linear collider; in any scenario that is now discussed, physics will benefit from the new information that e{sup +}e{sup -} experiments can provide. This last point merits further emphasis. If a new accelerator could be designed and built in a few years, it would make sense to wait for the results of each accelerator before planning the next one. Thus, we would wait for the results from the Tevatron before planning the LHC experiments, and wait for the LHC before planning any later stage. In reality accelerators require a long time to construct, and they require such specialized resources and human talent that delay can cripple what would be promising opportunities. In any event, we believe that the case for the linear collider is so compelling and robust that we can justify this facility on the basis of our current knowledge, even before the Tevatron and LHC experiments are done. The physics prospects for the linear collider have been studied intensively for more than a decade, and arguments for the importance of its experimental program have been developed from many different points of view. This book provides an introduction and a guide to this literature. We hope that it will allow physicists new to the consideration of linear collider physics to start from their own personal perspectives and develop their own assessments of the opportunities afforded by a linear collider.
Ground motion data for International Collider models
Volk, J.T.; LeBrun, P.; Shiltsev, V.; Singatulin, S.; /Fermilab
The proposed location for the International Linear Collider (ILC) in the Americas region is Fermilab in Batavia Illinois. If built at this location the tunnels would be located in the Galena Platteville shale at a depth of 100 or more meters below the surface. Studies using hydro static water levels and seismometers have been conducted in the MINOS hall and the LaFrange Mine in North Aurora Illinois to determine the level of ground motion. Both these locations are in the Galena Platteville shale and indicate the typical ground motion to be expected for the ILC. The data contains both natural and cultural noise. Coefficients for the ALT law are determined. Seismic measurements at the surface and 100 meters below the surface are presented.
Physics at the e+ e- Linear Collider
Moortgat-Pick, G; Battaglia, M; Belanger, G; Fujii, K; Kalinowski, J; Heinemeyer, S; Kiyo, Y; Olive, K; Simon, F; Uwer, P; Wackeroth, D; Zerwas, P M; Arbey, A; Asano, M; Bechtle, P; Bharucha, A; Brau, J; Brummer, F; Choi, S Y; Denner, A; Desch, K; Dittmaier, S; Ellis, J; Ellwanger, U; Englert, C; Freitas, A; Ginzburg, I; Godfrey, S; Greiner, N; Grojean, C; Grunewald, M; Heisig, J; Hocker, A; Kanemura, S; Kawagoe, K; Kogler, R; Krawczyk, M; Kronfeld, A S; Kroseberg, J; Liebler, S; List, J; Mahmoudi, F; Mambrini, Y; Matsumoto, S; Mnich, J; Monig, K; Muhlleitner, M M; Poschl, R; Porod, W; Porto, S; Rolbiecki, K; Schlatter, D; Schmitt, M; Serpico, P; Stanitzki, M; StÕl, O; Stefaniak, T; Stockinger, D; Wagner, A; Weiglein, G; Wilson, G W; Zeune, L; Moortgat, F; Xella, S
A comprehensive review of physics at an e+e- Linear Collider in the energy range of sqrt{s}=92 GeV--3 TeV is presented in view of recent and expected LHC results, experiments from low energy as well as astroparticle physics.The report focuses in particular on Higgs boson, Top quark and electroweak precision physics, but also discusses several models of beyond the Standard Model physics such as Supersymmetry, little Higgs models and extra gauge bosons. The connection to cosmology has been analyzed as well.
Physics at the e+ e- Linear Collider
G. Moortgat-Pick; H. Baer; M. Battaglia; G. Belanger; K. Fujii; J. Kalinowski; S. Heinemeyer; Y. Kiyo; K. Olive; F. Simon; P. Uwer; D. Wackeroth; P. M. Zerwas; A. Arbey; M. Asano; P. Bechtle; A. Bharucha; J. Brau; F. Brummer; S. Y. Choi; A. Denner; K. Desch; S. Dittmaier; U. Ellwanger; C. Englert; A. Freitas; I. Ginzburg; S. Godfrey; N. Greiner; C. Grojean; M. Grunewald; J. Heisig; A. Hocker; S. Kanemura; K. Kawagoe; R. Kogler; M. Krawczyk; A. S. Kronfeld; J. Kroseberg; S. Liebler; J. List; F. Mahmoudi; Y. Mambrini; S. Matsumoto; J. Mnich; K. Monig; M. M. Muhlleitner; R. Poschl; W. Porod; S. Porto; K. Rolbiecki; M. Schmitt; P. Serpico; M. Stanitzki; O. StÕl; T. Stefaniak; D. Stockinger; G. Weiglein; G. W. Wilson; L. Zeune; F. Moortgat; S. Xella
A comprehensive review of physics at an e+e- Linear Collider in the energy range of sqrt{s}=92 GeV--3 TeV is presented in view of recent and expected LHC results, experiments from low energy as well as astroparticle physics.The report focuses in particular on Higgs boson, Top quark and electroweak precision physics, but also discusses several models of beyond the Standard Model physics such as Supersymmetry, little Higgs models and extra gauge bosons. The connection to cosmology has been analyzed as well.
Of Linear Colliders, the GDE Workshop at Bangalore, Mughals, Camels, Elephants and Sundials
Loew, Greg
In this colloquium, the speaker will give a summary of the recent International Linear Collider (ILC) Global Design Effort (GDE) Workshop at Bangalore and how the High Energy Physics community converged to this meeting after many years of electron-positron linear collider design and experimental work. Given that this workshop for the first time took place in India, the speaker will also show a few pictures and talk briefly about what he learned in that fascinating country.
Physics studies at a future linear colliderĀ
Tabassam, Hajrah
With the start of the Large Hadron Collider(LHC) at CERN, we will obtain a new understanding of the physics beyond our current limits. New discoveries will be made; but we will require a deeper understanding, which the ...
SLAC linear collider: the machine, the physics, and the future
Richter, B.
The SLAC linear collider, in which beams of electrons and positrons are accelerated simultaneously, is described. Specifications of the proposed system are given, with calculated preditions of performance. New areas of research made possible by energies in the TeV range are discussed. (GHT)
Design and performance of the Stanford Linear Collider Control System
Melen, R.E.
The success of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) will be dependent upon the implementation of a very large advanced computer-based instrumentation and control system. This paper describes the architectural design of this system as well as a critique of its performance. This critique is based on experience obtained from its use in the control and monitoring of 1/3 of the SLAC linac and in support of an expensive experimental machine physics experimental program. 11 references, 3 figures.
Grid Interface Challenges and Candidate Solutions for the Compact Linear ColliderÆs (CLIC) Klystron Modulators
Aguglia, D; Watson, A; Clare, J; Wheeler, P
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a linear electron-positron accelerator under study at CERN, in view of exploring a new leptons collision energy region (0.5TeV to 5TeV). This complex requires ~1600 klystrons fed by highly efficient and controllable power electronics for a convenient power connection to the utility grid. This paper presents the challenges and evaluates several possible structures for the power system. Discussion are provided regarding the candidate topologies according to the convertersÆ ratings / number and considering reliability, modularity, and redundancy.
The American particle physics community can look forward to a well-conceived and vital program of experimentation for the next ten years, using both colliders and fixed target beams to study a wide variety of pressing questions. Beyond 2010, these programs will be reaching the end of their expected lives. The CERN LHC will provide an experimental program of the first importance. But beyond the LHC, the American community needs a coherent plan. The Snowmass 2001 Workshop and the deliberations of the HEPAP subpanel offer a rare opportunity to engage the full community in planning our future for the next decade or more. A major accelerator project requires a decade from the beginning of an engineering design to the receipt of the first data. So it is now time to decide whether to begin a new accelerator project that will operate in the years soon after 2010. We believe that the world high-energy physics community needs such a project. With the great promise of discovery in physics at the next energy scale, and with the opportunity for the uncovering of profound insights, we cannot allow our field to contract to a single experimental program at a single laboratory in the world. We believe that an e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} linear collider is an excellent choice for the next major project in high-energy physics. Applying experimental techniques very different from those used at hadron colliders, an e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} linear collider will allow us to build on the discoveries made at the Tevatron and the LHC, and to add a level of precision and clarity that will be necessary to understand the physics of the next energy scale. It is not necessary to anticipate specific results from the hadron collider programs to argue for constructing an e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} linear collider; in any scenario that is now discussed, physics will benefit from the new information that e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} experiments can provide.
Physics and technology of the next linear collider
The authors present the prospects for the next generation of high-energy physics experiments with electron-positron colliding beams. This report summarizes the current status of the design and technological basis of a linear collider of center-of-mass energy 0.5--1.5 TeV, and the opportunities for high-energy physics experiments that this machine is expected to open. The physics goals discussed here are: Standard Model processes and simulation; top quark physics; Higgs boson searches and properties; supersymmetry; anomalous gauge boson couplings; strong WW scattering; new gauge bosons and exotic particles; e{sup {minus}}e{sup {minus}}, e{sup {minus}}{gamma}, and {gamma}{gamma} interactions; and precision tests of QCD.
International linear collider reference design report
Aarons, G.
those of other modern accelerator control systems, includingmodern telecom switches and computer servers, but has not been a requirement of present accelerator control systems.system using digital feedback control. Digital Technologies The key technologies to be used are modern
International Linear Collider Reference Design Report
Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2-6 2.2.5 Accelerator Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3-1 2.3.4 Accelerator Physics Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3-6 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5-2 2.5.4 Accelerator Physics Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5-6 2
International linear collider reference design report
Aarons, G.
2.5.4 Accelerator Physics Considerations . . . . . . . .2.6.4 Accelerator Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.2.4 Accelerator Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JLab Supports International Linear Collider Cavity Development...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
the Department of Energy's Jefferson Lab. The baseball connection involves a nine-cell niobium cavity developed by KEK accelerator scientists in Japan as one of several designs...
Proceedings of the International Linear Collider Workshop
Vertex Detector System Design Maury Tigner 94 Challenges for the ILC SCRF R&D Matthias Steinhauser 100
International linear collider reference design report
Aarons, G.
compressor stages use standard SCRF cryomodules and an RFare relatively weak for the SCRF accelerating cavities, andhave been a major part of the SCRF R&D e?ort over the last
International linear collider reference design report
Aarons, G.
transformers located along the Service Tunnel tap-o? the MV distribution system to provide power to the LV systems and components.
RF properties of periodic accelerating structures for linear colliders
Wang, J.W.
With the advent of the SLAC electron-positron linear collider (SLC) in the 100 GeV center-of-mass energy range, research and development work on even higher energy machines of this type has started in several laboratories in the United States, Europe, the Soviet Union and Japan. These linear colliders appear to provide the only promising approach to studying e/sup /plus//e/sup /minus// physics at center-of-mass energies approaching 1 TeV. This thesis concerns itself with the study of radio frequency properties of periodic accelerating structures for linear colliders and their interaction with bunched beams. The topics that have been investigated are: experimental measurements of the energy loss of single bunches to longitudinal modes in two types of structures, using an equivalent signal on a coaxial wire to simulate the beam; a method of canceling the energy spread created within a single bunch by longitudinal wakefields, through appropriate shaping of the longitudinal charge distribution of the bunch; derivation of the complete transient beam-loading equation for a train of bunches passing through a constant-gradient accelerator section, with application to the calculation and minimization of multi-bunch energy spread; detailed study of field emission and radio frequency breakdown in disk-loaded structures at S-, C- and X-band frequencies under extremely high-gradient conditions, with special attention to thermal effects, radiation, sparking, emission of gases, surface damage through explosive emission and its possible control through RF-gas processing. 53 refs., 49 figs., 9 tabs.
Fourth standard model family neutrino at future linear colliders
Ciftci, A.K.; Ciftci, R.; Sultansoy, S. [Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara (Turkey); Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Gazi University, 06500 Teknikokullar, Ankara (Turkey)
It is known that flavor democracy favors the existence of the fourth standard model (SM) family. In order to give nonzero masses for the first three-family fermions flavor democracy has to be slightly broken. A parametrization for democracy breaking, which gives the correct values for fundamental fermion masses and, at the same time, predicts quark and lepton Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrices in a good agreement with the experimental data, is proposed. The pair productions of the fourth SM family Dirac ({nu}{sub 4}) and Majorana (N{sub 1}) neutrinos at future linear colliders with {radical}(s)=500 GeV, 1 TeV, and 3 TeV are considered. The cross section for the process e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}{nu}{sub 4}{nu}{sub 4}(N{sub 1}N{sub 1}) and the branching ratios for possible decay modes of the both neutrinos are determined. The decays of the fourth family neutrinos into muon channels ({nu}{sub 4}(N{sub 1}){yields}{mu}{sup {+-}}W{sup {+-}}) provide cleanest signature at e{sup +}e{sup -} colliders. Meanwhile, in our parametrization this channel is dominant. W bosons produced in decays of the fourth family neutrinos will be seen in detector as either di-jets or isolated leptons. As an example, we consider the production of 200 GeV mass fourth family neutrinos at {radical}(s)=500 GeV linear colliders by taking into account di-muon plus four jet events as signatures.
Higgs Boson Search at e+e- and Photon Linear Colliders
M. M. Muhlleitner
The various search modes for the Higgs bosons of the Standard Model (SM) and its Minimal Supersymmetric Extension (MSSM) at the International Linear Collider (ILC) will be summarized briefly. In particular, as a unique discovery mode the production of heavy neutral MSSM Higgs bosons for medium values of $\\tan\\beta$ in photon collisions will be presented. Furthermore, $\\tau^+\\tau^-$ fusion into MSSM Higgs bosons in the photon mode will be shown to give access to the mixing parameter $\\tan\\beta$ with a precision of better than 10% for large values of this parameter.
Reliability and Maintainability Issues for the Next Linear Collider
Wilson, Zane J.; Gold, Saul L.; Koontz, Ron F.; Lavine, Ted L.; /SLAC
Large accelerators for high energy physics research traditionally have been designed using informal best design, engineering, and management practices to achieve acceptable levels of operational availability. However, the Next Linear Collider(NLC) project presents a particular challenge for operational availability due to the unprecedented size and complexity of the accelerator systems required to achieve the physics goals of high center-of-mass energy and high luminosity. Formal reliability and maintainability analysis, design, and implementation will be required to achieve acceptable operational availability for the high energy physics research program. This paper introduces some of the basic concepts of reliability analysis and applies them to the 2.6-cm microwave power system of the two 10-km-long, 250-GeV linacs that are currently proposed for the NLC design.
DAPNIA/SEA-00-15 TESLA Linear Collider : Status Report
DAPNIA/SEA-00-15 TESLA Linear Collider : Status Report O. Napoly for the TESLA Collaboration CEA) October 24-28, 2000, FNAL, Batavia, IL, USA #12;#12;TESLA Linear Collider : Status Report O. Napoly for the TESLA Collaboration CEA/Saclay, DAPNIA/SEA 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FRANCE Abstract. We review the current
TESLA Linear-Collider Projekt Abbildung 134: Das hydrogeologische Profil entlang der TESLA-Trasse. Der TESLA-
TESLA Linear-Collider Projekt Abbildung 134: Das hydrogeologische Profil entlang der TESLA-Trasse. Der TESLA- Tunnel liegt in wasserdurchl├żssigen und -undurchl├żssigen Schichten. Die wasserdurch ges├żttigt. 230 #12;TESLA Linear-Collider Projekt Voruntersuchungen zum TESLA Linear-Collider Projekt Ein
Acclerator R&D for a Linear Collider
Rubin, D.L.; Dugan, G.; Gibbons, L.; Palmer, M.; Patterson, R.; Sagan, D.; Smith, J.C.; Tenenbaum, P.; Woodley, M.; Fields, J.; Urban, J.
The goal of this project was to perform simulations of beam transport in linear colliders, with an emphasis on emittance dilution, spin polarization transport, and development and testing of beam based tuning algorithms. Our simulations are based on an existing object-oriented particle-tracking library, Bmad. To facilitate the efficient development of simulations, an accelerator design and analysis program based on Bmad has been developed called Tao (Tool for Accelerator Optics). The three beam-based alignment algorithms, Dispersion Free Steering, Ballistic Alignment (BA), and the Kubo Method have been implemented in Tao. We have studied the effects of magnet misalignments, BPM resolution, beam jitter, stray fields, BPM and steering magnet failure and the effects of various cavity shape wakefields. A parametric study has been conducted in the presence of the above types of errors for all three alignment algorithms. We find that BPM resolution has only modest impact on the effectiveness of beam based alignment. The DFS correction algorithm was found to be very robust in situations where there were BPM and/or steering magnet failures. The wakefields in the main linac are very weak and cause negligible emittance growth. Spin tracking was extended to study all accelerator components between the damping ring and the interaction point, including RF cavities and the helical undulator. We find that there is no significant depolarization in the RTML, main linac or beam delivery system and that the polarization is relatively insensitive to misalignment. We have developed an effective spin rotator. During the final year of the grant we exploited the computing power of our new linux cluster, along with the modeling codes that we had developed, to investigate damping ring physics and design, specifically as it relates to the CESR Test Accelerator project.
Bunch Compressor for the TESLA Linear Collider W. Decking, G. Hoffstaetter, T. Limberg
Hoffstaetter, Georg
Bunch Compressor for the TESLA Linear Collider W. Decking, G. Hoffstaetter, T. Limberg DESY compression systems for the TESLA collider. The best alternative is a wiggler type compressor, where we list' R56 = z/: R56 needed = 2 zi - 2 zf f . (2) The basic parameters for the TESLA bunch compressor
Signature of heavy Majorana neutrinos at a linear collider: Enhanced charged Higgs pair production
Atwood, David [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States); Bar-Shalom, Shaouly [Physics Department, Technion-Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel); Soni, Amarjit [Theory Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 (United States)
A charged Higgs pair can be produced at an ee collider through a t-channel exchange of a heavy neutrino (N) via e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}H{sup +}H{sup -} and, if N is a Majorana particle, also via the lepton number violating (LNV) like-sign reaction e{sup {+-}}e{sup {+-}}{yields}H{sup {+-}}H{sup {+-}}. Assuming no a priori relation between the effective eNH{sup +} coupling ({xi}) and light neutrino masses, we show that this interaction vertex can give a striking enhancement to these charged Higgs pair production processes. In particular, the LNV H{sup -}H{sup -} signal can probe N at the International Linear Collider (ILC) in the mass range 100 GeV < or approx. m{sub N} < or approx. 10{sup 4} TeV and with the effective mixing angle {xi} in the range 10{sup -4} < or approx. {xi}{sup 2} < or approx. 10{sup -8}--well within its perturbative unitarity bound and the {beta}{beta}{sub 0{nu}} limit. The lepton number conserving e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}H{sup +}H{sup -} mode can be sensitive to, e.g., an O(10) TeV heavy Majorana neutrino at a 500 GeV ILC, if {xi}{sup 2} > or approx. 0.001.
Pair Production of Tau Sneutrinos at Linear Colliders
V. Ari; O. Cakir
The pair production of tau sneutrinos in $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions and their subsequent decays are studied in a framework of the supersymmetric extension of the standard model. We present an analysis for the parameter space (BR vs. mass) which could be explored at the future high energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ colliders.
Detectors for Linear Colliders: Calorimetry at a Future Electron-Positron Collider (3/4)
Calorimetry will play a central role in determining the physics reach at a future e+e- collider. The requirements for calorimetry place the emphasis on achieving an excellent jet energy resolution. The currently favoured option for calorimetry at a future e+e- collider is the concept of high granularity particle flow calorimetry. Here granularity and a high pattern recognition capability is more important than the single particle calorimetric response. In this lecture I will describe the recent progress in understanding the reach of high granularity particle flow calorimetry and the related R&D; efforts which concentrate on test beam demonstrations of the technological options for highly granular calorimeters. I will also discuss alternatives to particle flow, for example the technique of dual readout calorimetry.
Production of high intensity electron bunches for the SLAC Linear Collider
James, M.B.
This thesis describes the design and performance of a high intensity electron injecfor for the SLAC Linear Collider. Motivation for the collider and the specifications for the injector are discussed. An analytic theory of the bunching and capture of electrons by rf fields is discussed in the limit of low space charge and small signal. The design and performance of SLAC's main injector are described to illustrate a successful application of this theory. The bunching and capture of electrons by rf fields are then discussed in the limit of high space charge and large signal, and a description of the design of the collider injector follows. In the limit of high space charge forces and large rf signals, the beam dynamics are considerably more complex and numerical simulations are required to predict particle motion. A computer code which models the longitudinal dynamics of electrons in the presence of space charge and rf fields is described. The results of the simulations, the resulting collider injector design and the various components which make up the collider injector are described. These include the gun, subharmonic bunchers, traveling-wave buncher and velocity-of-light accelerator section. Finally, the performance of the injector is described including the beam intensity, bunch length, transverse emittance and energy spectrum. While the final operating conditions differ somewaht from the design, the performance of the collider injector is in good agreement with the numerical simulations and meets all of the collider specifications. 28 refs.
Long ion chamber systems for the SLC (Stanford Linear Collider)
Rolfe, J.; Gearhart, R.; Jacobsen, R.; Jenkins, T.; McComick, D.; Nelson, R.; Reagan, D.; Ross, M.
A Panofsky Long Ion Chamber (PLIC) is essentially a gas-filled coaxial cable, and has been used to protect the Stanford Linear Accelerator from damage caused by its electron beam, and as a sensitive diagnostic tool. This old technology has been updated and has found renewed use in the SLC. PLIC systems have been installed as beam steering aids in most parts of the SLC and are a part of the system that protects the SLC from damage by errant beams in several places. 5 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Assessing Risk in Costing High-energy Accelerators: from Existing Projects to the Future Linear Collider
Lebrun, Philippe
High-energy accelerators are large projects funded by public money, developed over the years and constructed via major industrial contracts both in advanced technology and in more conventional domains such as civil engineering and infrastructure, for which they often constitute one-of markets. Assessing their cost, as well as the risk and uncertainty associated with this assessment is therefore an essential part of project preparation and a justified requirement by the funding agencies. Stemming from the experience with large circular colliders at CERN, LEP and LHC, as well as with the Main Injector, the Tevatron Collider Experiments and Accelerator Upgrades, and the NOvA Experiment at Fermilab, we discuss sources of cost variance and derive cost risk assessment methods applicable to the future linear collider, through its two technical approaches for ILC and CLIC. We also address disparities in cost risk assessment imposed by regional differences in regulations, procedures and practices.
A modified post damping ring bunch compressor beamline for the TESLA linear collider
Philippe R.-G. Piot; Winfried Decking
We propose a modified bunch compressor beamline, downstream of the damping ring, for the TESLA linear collider. This modified beamline uses a third harmonic radio-frequency section based on the 3.9 GHz superconducting cavity under development at Fermilab. In our design the beam deceleration is about {approx}50 MeV instead of {approx}450 MeV in the original design proposed.
Off-shell effects in Higgs processes at a linear collider and implications for the LHC
Stefan Liebler; Gudrid Moortgat-Pick; Georg Weiglein
The importance of off-shell contributions is discussed for $H\\to VV^{(*)}$ with $V\\in\\{Z,W\\}$ for large invariant masses $m_{VV}$ involving a standard model (SM)-like Higgs boson with $m_H=125$GeV at a linear collider (LC). Both dominant production processes $e^+e^-\\to ZH\\to ZVV^{(*)}$ and $e^+e^-\\to\
Off-shell effects in Higgs processes at a linear collider and implications for the LHC
Liebler, Stefan; Weiglein, Georg
The importance of off-shell contributions is discussed for $H\\to VV^{(*)}$ with $V\\in\\{Z,W\\}$ for large invariant masses $m_{VV}$ involving a standard model (SM)-like Higgs boson with $m_H=125$GeV at a linear collider (LC). Both dominant production processes $e^+e^-\\to ZH\\to ZVV^{(*)}$ and $e^+e^-\\to\
Proceedings of the workshop on new kinds of positron sources for linear colliders
Clendenin, J.; Nixon, R. [eds.
It has been very clear from the beginning of studies for future linear colliders that the conventional positron source approach, as exemplified by the SLC source, is pushing uncomfortably close to the material limits of the conversion target. Nonetheless, since this type of positron source is better understood and relatively inexpensive to build, it has been incorporated into the initial design studies for the JLC/NLC. New ideas for positron sources for linear colliders have been regularly reported in the literature and at accelerator conferences for at least a decade, and indeed the recirculation scheme associated with the VLEPP design is nearly two decades old. Nearly all the new types of positron sources discussed in this workshop come under the heading of crystals (or channeling), undulators, and Compton. Storage ring and nuclear reactor sources were not discussed. The positron source designs that were discussed have varying degrees of maturity, but except for the case of crystal sources, where proof of principle experiments have been undertaken, experimental results are missing. It is hoped that these presentations, and especially the recommendations of the working groups, will prove useful to the various linear collider groups in deciding if and when new experimental programs for positron sources should be undertaken.
Effective Yukawa couplings and flavor-changing Higgs boson decays at linear colliders
Gabrielli, E. [CERN, PH-TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); Mele, B. [INFN, Sezione di Roma, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Roma 'La Sapienza', Piazzale A. Moro 2, I-00185 Rome (Italy)
We analyze the advantages of a linear-collider program for testing a recent theoretical proposal where the Higgs boson Yukawa couplings are radiatively generated, keeping unchanged the standard-model mechanism for electroweak-gauge-symmetry breaking. Fermion masses arise at a large energy scale through an unknown mechanism, and the standard model at the electroweak scale is regarded as an effective field theory. In this scenario, Higgs boson decays into photons and electroweak gauge-boson pairs are considerably enhanced for a light Higgs boson, which makes a signal observation at the LHC straightforward. On the other hand, the clean environment of a linear collider is required to directly probe the radiative fermionic sector of the Higgs boson couplings. Also, we show that the flavor-changing Higgs boson decays are dramatically enhanced with respect to the standard model. In particular, we find a measurable branching ratio in the range (10{sup -4}-10{sup -3}) for the decay H{yields}bs for a Higgs boson lighter than 140 GeV, depending on the high-energy scale where Yukawa couplings vanish. We present a detailed analysis of the Higgs boson production cross sections at linear colliders for interesting decay signatures, as well as branching-ratio correlations for different flavor-conserving/nonconserving fermionic decays.
Study of Dark Matter inspired cMSSM scenarios at a TeV-class Linear Collider
Battaglia, Marco
hep- ph/0405253. 4. M. Battaglia, I. Hinchli?e and D. Tovey,level. References 1. M. Battaglia et al. , Eur. Phys. J. CCLASS LINEAR COLLIDER MARCO BATTAGLIA Department of Physics
Zeroth-order design report for the next linear collider. Volume 1
Raubenheimer, T.O. [ed.
This Zeroth Order Design Report (ZDR) for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) has been completed as a feasibility study for a TeV-scale linear collider that incorporates a room-temperature accelerator powered by rf microwaves at 11.424 GHz--similar to that presently used in the SLC, but at four times the rf frequency. The purpose of this study is to examine the complete systems of such a collider, to understand how the parts fit together, and to make certain that every required piece has been included. The design presented here is not fully engineered in any sense, but to be assured that the NLC can be built, attention has been given to a number of critical components and issues that present special challenges. More engineering and development of a number of mechanical and electrical systems remain to be done, but the conclusion of this study is that indeed the NLC is technically feasible and can be expected to reach the performance levels required to perform research at the TeV energy scale. Volume one covers the following: the introduction; electron source; positron source; NLC damping rings; bunch compressors and prelinac; low-frequency linacs and compressors; main linacs; design and dynamics; and RF systems for main linacs.
Zeroth-order design report for the next linear collider. Volume 2
Raubenheimer, T.O. [ed.
This Zeroth-Order Design Report (ZDR) for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) has been completed as a feasibility study for a TeV-scale linear collider that incorporates a room-temperature accelerator powered by rf microwaves at 11.424 GHz--similar to that presently used in the SLC, but at four times the rf frequency. The purpose of this study is to examine the complete systems of such a collider, to understand how the parts fit together, and to make certain that every required piece has been included. The ``design`` presented here is not fully engineered in any sense, but to be assured that the NLC can be built, attention has been given to a number of critical components and issues that present special challenges. More engineering and development of a number of mechanical and electrical systems remain to be done, but the conclusion of this study is that indeed the NLC is technically feasible and can be expected to reach the performance levels required to perform research at the TeV energy scale. Volume II covers the following: collimation systems; IP switch and big bend; final focus; the interaction region; multiple bunch issues; control systems; instrumentation; machine protection systems; NLC reliability considerations; NLC conventional facilities. Also included are four appendices on the following topics: An RF power source upgrade to the NLC; a second interaction region for gamma-gamma, gamma-electron; ground motion: theory and measurement; and beam-based feedback: theory and implementation.
DEPFET active pixel detectors for a future linear e+e? collider
Vos, M
The DEPFET collaboration develops highly granular, ultra-transparent active pixel detectors for high-performance vertex reconstruction at future collider experiments. The characterization of detector prototypes has proven that the key principle, the integration of a first amplification stage in a detector-grade sensor material, can provide a comfortable signal to noise ratio of over 40 for a sensor thickness of 50-75 Ąm. ASICs have been designed and produced to operate a DEPFET pixel detector with the required read-out speed. A complete detector concept is being developed, including solutions for mechanical support, cooling and services. In this paper the status of DEPFET R & D project is reviewed in the light of the requirements of the vertex detector at a future linear e^+e^? collider.
Multi-Stage Bunch Compressors for the International Linear Collider
Tenenbaum, Peter G.; Raubenheimer, Tor O.; Wolski, Andrzej
150 Ąm RMS. The multi-stage compressors are somewhat longerthan the single-stage compressor and require additional RFof the NLC Bunch Compressor,ö (1999). [4] C. Adolphsen,
SLAC-R-1004 International Linear Collider Technical
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA 252 Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research (SAMEER), I.I.T. Campus, Powai, Post...
International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (Volumes 1 through 4)
Harrison M.
The design report consists of four volumes: Volume 1, Executive Summary; Volume 2, Physics; Volume 3, Accelerator (Part I, R and D in the Technical Design Phase, and Part II, Baseline Design); and Volume 4, Detectors.
International Linear Collider Accelerator Physics R&D
George D. Gollin; Michael Davidsaver; Michael J. Haney; Michael Kasten; Jason Chang; Perry Chodash; Will Dluger; Alex Lang; Yehan Liu
ILC work at Illinois has concentrated primarily on technical issues relating to the design of the accelerator. Because many of the problems to be resolved require a working knowledge of classical mechanics and electrodynamics, most of our research projects lend themselves well to the participation of undergraduate research assistants. The undergraduates in the group are scientists, not technicians, and find solutions to problems that, for example, have stumped PhD-level staff elsewhere. The ILC Reference Design Report calls for 6.7 km circumference damping rings (which prepare the beams for focusing) using ōconventionalö stripline kickers driven by fast HV pulsers. Our primary goal was to determine the suitability of the 16 MeV electron beam in the Až region at Fermilab for precision kicker studies.We found that the low beam energy and lack of redundancy in the beam position monitor system complicated the analysis of our data. In spite of these issues we concluded that the precision we could obtain was adequate to measure the performance and stability of a production module of an ILC kicker, namely 0.5%. We concluded that the kicker was stable to an accuracy of ~2.0% and that we could measure this precision to an accuracy of ~0.5%. As a result, a low energy beam like that at Až could be used as a rapid-turnaround facility for testing ILC production kicker modules. The ILC timing precision for arrival of bunches at the collision point is required to be 0.1 picosecond or better. We studied the bunch-to-bunch timing accuracy of a ōphase detectorö installed in Až in order to determine its suitability as an ILC bunch timing device. A phase detector is an RF structure excited by the passage of a bunch. Its signal is fed through a 1240 MHz high-Q resonant circuit and then down-mixed with the Až 1300 MHz accelerator RF. We used a kind of autocorrelation technique to compare the phase detector signal with a reference signal obtained from the phase detectorÆs response to an event at the beginning of the run. We determined that the device installed in our beam, which was instrumented with an 8-bit 500 MHz ADC, could measure the beam timing to an accuracy of 0.4 picoseconds. Simulations of the device showed that an increase in ADC clock rate to 2 GHz would improve measurement precision by the required factor of four. As a result, we felt that a device of this sort, assuming matters concerning dynamic range and long-term stability can be addressed successfully, would work at the ILC. Cost effective operation of the ILC will demand highly reliable, fault tolerant and adaptive solutions for both hardware and software. The large numbers of subsystems and large multipliers associated with the modules in those subsystems will cause even a strong level of unit reliability to become an unacceptable level of system availability. An evaluation effort is underway to evaluate standards associated with high availability, and to guide ILC development with standard practices and well-supported commercial solutions. One area of evaluation involves the Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture (ATCA) hardware and software. We worked with an ATCA crate, processor monitors, and a small amount of ATCA circuit boards in order to develop a backplane ōspyö board that would let us watch the ATCA backplane communications and pursue development of an inexpensive processor monitor that could be used as a physics-driven component of the crate-level controls system. We made good progress, and felt that we had determined a productive direction to extend this work. We felt that we had learned enough to begin designing a workable processor monitor chip if there were to be sufficient interest in ATCA shown by the ILC community. Fault recognition is a challenging issue in the crafting a high reliability controls system. With tens of thousands of independent processors running hundreds of thousands of critical processes, how can the system identify that a problem has arisen and determine the appropriate steps to take to correct, or compensate, for the
JLab Supports International Linear Collider Cavity Development Work |
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645U.S. DOEThe Bonneville PowerCherries 82981-1cnHigh SchoolIn12 Investigation PeerNOON 2004 FebruaryTimothyJefferson
International Linear Collider Technical Design Report - Volume 2: Physics |
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742EnergyOn AprilAElectronicCurves | SciTech Connect Journal Article:SciTech Connect
Robust Linearization of RF Amplifiers Using NonLinear Internal Model Control Method
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
Robust Linearization of RF Amplifiers Using NonLinear Internal Model Control Method Smail Bachir #1, the nonlinear Internal Model Control (IMC) method is introduced and applied to linearize high frequency Power to be controlled [8]. If the model is a perfect representation of the non linear system, the controller can
Wakefield Damping in a Pair of X-Band Accelerators for Linear Colliders
Jones, R.M.; Adolphsen, C.E.; Wang, J.W.; Li, Z.; /SLAC
We consider means to damp the wake-field left behind ultra-relativistic charges. In particular, we focus on a pair of travelling wave accelerators operating at an X-band frequency of 11.424 GHz. In order to maximize the efficiency of acceleration, in the context of a linear collider, multiple bunches of charged particles are accelerated within a given pulse of the electromagnetic field. The wake-field left behind successive bunches, if left unchecked, can seriously disturb the progress of trailing bunches and can lead to an appreciable dilution in the emittance of the beam. We report on a method to minimize the influence of the wake-field on trailing bunches. This method entails detuning the characteristic mode frequencies which make-up the electromagnetic field, damping the wake-field, and interleaving the frequencies of adjacent accelerating structures. Theoretical predictions of the wake-field and modes, based on a circuit model, are compared with experimental measurements of the wake-field conducted within the ASSET facility at SLAC. Very good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment and this allows us to have some confidence in designing the damping of wake-fields in a future linear collider consisting of several thousand of these accelerating structures.
Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass with a Linear e+e- Collider
P. Garcia-Abia; W. Lohmann; A. Raspereza
The potential of a linear e+e- collider operated at a centre-of-mass energy of 350 GeV is studied for the measurement of the Higgs boson mass. An integrated luminosity of 500 fb-1 is assumed. For Higgs boson masses of 120, 150 and 180 GeV the uncertainty on the Higgs boson mass measurement is estimated to be 40, 65 and 70 MeV, respectively. The effects of beam related systematics, namely a bias in the beam energy measurement, the beam energy spread and the luminosity spectrum due to beamstrahlung, on the precision of the Higgs boson mass measurement are investigated. In order to keep the systematic uncertainty on the Higgs boson mass well below the level of the statistical error, the beam energy measurement must be controlled with a relative precision better than 10-4.
Non-linear model of particle acceleration at colliding shock flows
Bykov, A M; Osipov, S M
Powerful stellar winds and supernova explosions with intense energy release in the form of strong shock waves can convert a sizeable part of the kinetic energy release into energetic particles. The starforming regions are argued as a favorable site of energetic particle acceleration and could be efficient sources of nonthermal emission. We present here a non-linear time-dependent model of particle acceleration in the vicinity of two closely approaching fast magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shocks. Such MHD flows are expected to occur in rich young stellar cluster where a supernova is exploding in the vicinity of a strong stellar wind of a nearby massive star. We find that the spectrum of the high energy particles accelerated at the stage of two closely approaching shocks can be harder than that formed at a forward shock of an isolated supernova remnant. The presented method can be applied to model particle acceleration in a variety of systems with colliding MHD flows.
Neutral Higgs boson pair production at the linear collider in the noncommutative standard model
Das, Prasanta Kumar; Prakash, Abhishodh; Mitra, Anupam [Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B, Zuarinagar, Goa-403726 (India)
We study the Higgs boson pair production at the linear collider in the noncommutative extension of the standard model using the Seiberg-Witten map of this to the first order of the noncommutative parameter {Theta}{sub {mu}{nu}}. Unlike the standard model (where the process is forbidden) here the Higgs boson pair directly interacts with the photon. We find that the pair production cross section can be quite significant for the noncommutative scale {Lambda} lying in the range 0.5 TeV to 1.0 TeV. Using the experimental (LEP 2, Tevatron, and global electroweak fit) bound on the Higgs mass, we obtain 626 GeV{<=}{Lambda}{<=}974 GeV.
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
LINEAR COLLIDER TEST FACILITY: TWISS PARAMETER ANALYSIS AT THE IP/POST-IP LOCATION OF THE ATF2 BEAM through to the IP, the Twiss parameters need to be measured at the IP or PIP. Up to now, these parameters to extract the Twiss parameters and the emittance thanks to the three coefficients of the fit
Optical tuning in the arcs and final focus sections of the Stanford Linear Collider
Bambade, P.S.
In this thesis, we present the experimental tuning procedures developed for the Arcs and for the Final Focus Section of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC). Such tuning is necessary to maximize the luminosity, by minimizing the beam size at the interaction point, and to reduce backgrounds in the experiment. In the final Focus Section, the correction strategy must result from the principles of the optical design, which is based on cancellations between second order aberrations, and on the ability to measure micron-size beams typical of the SLC. In the Arcs, the corrections were designed after the initial commissioning, to make the system more error-tolerant, through a modification in the optical design, and to enable adjustments of the beam phase-space a the injection to the Final Focus System, through a harmonic perturbation technique inspired from circular accelerators. Although the overall optimization of the SLC is not entirely finished, an almost optimal set-up has been achieved for the optics of the Arcs and of the Final Focus Section. Beams with transverse sizes close to the nominal ones, of a few microns, have been obtained at the interaction point. We present and discuss our results and the optical limits to the present performance. 24 refs., 25 figs., 2 tabs.
Radiation and Thermal Analysis of Superconducting Quadrupoles in the Interaction Region of Linear Collider
Drozhdin, A.I.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Kashikhin, V.S.; Lopes, M.L.; Mokhov, N.V.; Zlobin, A.V.; /Fermilab; Seryi, Andrei; /SLAC
Radiation heat deposition in the superconducting magnets of the Interaction Region (IR) of a linear collider can be a serious issue that limits the magnet operating margins and shortens the material lifetime. Radiation and thermal analyses of the IR quadrupoles in the incoming and extraction beam lines of the ILC are performed in order to determine the magnet limits. This paper presents an analysis of the radial, azimuthal and longitudinal distributions of heat deposition in the incoming and disrupted beam doublets. Operation margins of the magnets based on NbTi superconductor are calculated and compared. The radiation and thermal analysis of the ILC IR quadrupoles based on Rutherford type cables was performed. It was found that the peak radiation heat deposition takes place in the second extraction quadrupole QFEX2. The maximum power density in the coil is {approx}17mW/g. This is rather high, comparing to the proton machines (LHC). However, the fast radial decay of the heat deposition together with the high thermal conductivity of the Rutherford type cable limits the coil temperatures to a moderate level. It was determined that both 2-layer and 4-layer QFEX2 magnet designs have thermal margins of a factor of {approx}4 at the nominal gradient of 31.3 T/m. Because of the large margins, these magnets can easily accommodate possible changes in the IR optics and heat deposition levels.
Neutralino Production and Decay at an e^+e^- Linear Collider with Transversely Polarized Beams
Choi, S Y; Song, J
Once supersymmetric neutralinos chi^0 are produced copiously at e^+e^- linear colliders, their characteristics can be measured with high precision. In particular, the fundamental parameters in the gaugino/higgsino sector of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM) can be analyzed. Here we focus on the determination of possible CP-odd phases of these parameters. To that end, we exploit the electron/positron beam polarization, including transverse polarization, as well as the spin/angular correlations of the neutralino production e^+ e^- to chi^0_i chi^0_j and subsequent 2-body decays chi^0_i to chi^0_k h, chi^0_k Z, \\tilde \\ell^\\pm_R \\ell^\\mp, using (partly) optimized CP-odd observables. If no final-state polarizations are measured, the Z and h modes are independent of the chi^0_i polarization, but CP-odd observables constructed from the leptonic decay mode can help in reconstructing the neutralino sector of the CP-noninvariant MSSM. However, transverse beam polarization does not seem ...
2005 International Linear Collider Workshop Stanford, U.S.A. Selectron Mass Reconstruction and the Resolution of the Linear Collider
California at Santa Cruz, University of
to isolate the forward selectron-decay signal from Standard-Model backgrounds, as well as techniques on the results of those studies. 2. SIGNAL SELECTION Backgrounds to the selectron-decay electron signal come from in angle to the beam trajectory, and thus escape detection, and the Z-boson fusion process e+ e- e+ e
Detectors for Linear Colliders: Physics Requirements and Experimental Conditions (1/4)
How is the anticipated physics program of a future e+e- collider shaping the R&D; for new detectors in collider particle physics ? This presentation will review the main physics requirements and experimental conditions comparing to LHC and LEP. In particular, I shall discuss how e+e- experimentation is expected to change moving from LEP-2 up to multi-TeV energies.
Recent Electron-Cloud Simulation Results for the Main Damping Rings of the NLC and the TESLA Linear Colliders
Pivi, Mauro T F
In the beam pipe of the Main Damping Ring (MDR) of the Next Linear Collider (NLC), ionization of residual gases and secondary emission give rise to an electron-cloud which stabilizes to equilibrium after few bunch trains. In this paper, we present recent computer simulation results for the main features of the electron cloud at the NLC and preliminary simulation results for the TESLA main damping rings, obtained with the code POSINST that has been developed at LBNL, and lately in collaboration with SLAC, over the past 7 years. Possible remedies to mitigate the effect are also discussed. We have recently included the possibility to simulate different magnetic field configurations in our code including solenoid, quadrupole, sextupole and wiggler.
Laser Wire Scanner Compton Scattering Techniques for the Measurement of the Transverse Beam Size of Particle Beams at Future Linear Colliders
Agapov, I; Blair, G A; Bosser, J; Braun, H H; Bravin, E; Boorman, G; Boogert, S T; Carter, J; D'amico, E; Delerue, N; Howell, D F; Doebert, S; Driouichi, C; Frisch, J; Hutchins, K Honkavaaram S; Kamps, T; Lefevre, T; Lewin, H; Paris, T; Poirier, F; Price, M T; Maccaferi, R; Malton, S; Penn, G; Ross, I N; Ross, M; Schlarb, H; Schmueser, P; Schreiber, S; Sertore, D; Walker, N; Wendt, M; Wittenburg, K
This archive summarizes a working paper and conference proceedings related to laser wire scanner development for the Future Linear Collider (FLC) in the years 2001 to 2006. In particular the design, setup and data taking for the laser wire experiments at PETRA II and CT2 are described. The material is focused on the activities undertaken by Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL).
Photon collider Higgs factories
V. I. Telnov
The discovery of the Higgs boson (and still nothing else) have triggered appearance of many proposals of Higgs factories for precision measurement of the Higgs properties. Among them there are several projects of photon colliders (PC) without e+e- in addition to PLC based on e+e- linear colliders ILC and CLIC. In this paper, following a brief discussion of Higgs factories physics program I give an overview of photon colliders based on linear colliders ILC and CLIC, and of the recently proposed photon-collider Higgs factories with no e+e- collision option based on recirculation linacs in ring tunnels.
SPADs for Vertex Tracker detectors in Future Colliders
Vilella, E; Vila, A; Dieguez, A
Physics aims at the future linear colliders impose such stringent requirements on detector systems that exceed those met by any previous technology. Amongst other novel technologies, SPADs (Single Photon Avalanche Diodes) detectors are being developed to track high energy particles at ILC (International Linear Collider) and CLIC (Compact LInear Collider). These sensors offer outstanding qualities, such as an extraordinary high sensitivity, ultra-fast response time and virtually infinite gain, in addition to compatibility with standard CMOS technologies. As a result, SPAD detectors enable the direct conversion of a single particle event onto a CMOS digital signal in the sub-nanosecond time scale, which leads to the possibility of single BX (bunch crossing) resolution at some particle colliders. However, SPAD detectors suffer from two main problems, namely the noise pulses generated by the sensor and the low fill-factor. The noise pulses worsen the detector occupancy, while the low fill-factor reduces the detec...
Threat to UK participation in International Linear Collider 12th December 2007
Crowther, Paul
line due to concerns about the cost of petrol. The UK, through its central role in the ILC accelerator
Twistor Spinoffs for Collider Physics
Dixon, Lance
Finding the adding up of Feynman diagrams tedious? Hidden symmetries found in the sums of diagrams suggest there is a better way to predict the results of particle collisions - in the past two years, spin-offs of a new theory, known as the Twistor String Theory, have led to the development of efficient alternatives to Feynman diagrams which can be useful for work at the Tevatron, the LHC and for future research at the International Linear Collider. Come see what this 'twistor' is all about!
Data Envelopment Analysis: A Linear Programming Application to Measure the Relative Efficiencies of Internal Business Divisions
Shockley, Laura
that an A/E/C firm may want to evaluate include: 1. Customer Satisfaction Data Envelopment Analysis: A Linear Programming Application to Measure the Relative Efficiencies of Internal Business Divisions Laura Shockley 26 2. Percent Repeat Customer... the Relative Efficiencies of Internal Business Divisions Laura Shockley 1 Executive Summary Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric linear programming model used to determine relative efficiencies of similar decision making units based...
PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS -ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS, VOLUME 5, 011001 (2002) Energy doubler for a linear collider
PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS - ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS, VOLUME 5, 011001 (2002) Energy doubler. Hogan, R. Iverson, and D. Walz Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford of microbunches with the first driving a plasma wake that accelerates the second. The luminosity of the doubled
High Energy Colliders as Tools to Understand the Early Universe
Tait, Tim (ANL) [ANL
Cosmological observations have reached a new era of precision, and reveal many interesting and puzzling features of the Universe. I will briefly review two of the most exciting mysteries: the nature of the dark components of the Universe, and the origin of the asymmetry between matter and anti-matter. I will argue that our best hope of unraveling these questions will need to combine information from the heavens with measurements in the lab at high energy particle accelerators. The end of run II of the Tevatron, the up-coming Large Hadron Collider and proposed International Linear Collider all have great potential to help us answer these questions in the near future.
Fischer, W.
Ion colliders are research tools for high-energy nuclear physics, and are used to test the theory of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). The collisions of fully stripped high-energy ions create matter of a temperature and density that existed only microseconds after the Big Bang. Ion colliders can reach higher densities and temperatures than fixed target experiments although at a much lower luminosity. The first ion collider was the CERN Intersecting Storage Ring (ISR), which collided light ions [77Asb1, 81Bou1]. The BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is in operation since 2000 and has collided a number of species at numerous energies. The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) started the heavy ion program in 2010. Table 1 shows all previous and the currently planned running modes for ISR, RHIC, and LHC. All three machines also collide protons, which are spin-polarized in RHIC. Ion colliders differ from proton or antiproton colliders in a number of ways: the preparation of the ions in the source and the pre-injector chain is limited by other effects than for protons; frequent changes in the collision energy and particle species, including asymmetric species, are typical; and the interaction of ions with each other and accelerator components is different from protons, which has implications for collision products, collimation, the beam dump, and intercepting instrumentation devices such a profile monitors. In the preparation for the collider use the charge state Z of the ions is successively increased to minimize the effects of space charge, intrabeam scattering (IBS), charge change effects (electron capture and stripping), and ion-impact desorption after beam loss. Low charge states reduce space charge, intrabeam scattering, and electron capture effects. High charge states reduce electron stripping, and make bending and acceleration more effective. Electron stripping at higher energies is generally more efficient. Table 2 shows the charge states and energies in the RHIC and LHC injector chains for the heaviest ion species used to date. The RHIC pulsed sputter source (PSC) and Tandem electrostatic accelerator are being replaced by an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS), Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and short linac [08Ale1]. With EBIS beams of any element can be prepared for RHIC including uranium and spin-polarized 3He. At CERN an ECR ion source is used, followed by an RFQ and Linac. The ions are then accumulated, electron cooled, and accelerated in LEIR. After transfer to and acceleration in the PS, ion beams are injected into the SPS.
Valery Telnov
High energy photon colliders (gamma-gamma, gamma-electron) based on backward Compton scattering of laser light is a very natural addition to e+e- linear colliders. In this report we consider this option for the TESLA project. Recent study has shown that the horizontal emittance in the TESLA damping ring can be further decreased by a factor of four. In this case the gamma-gamma luminosity luminosity in the high energy part of spectrum can reach (1/3)L_{e+e-}. Typical cross sections of interesting processes in gamma-gamma collisions are higher than those in e+e- collisions by about one order of magnitude, so the number of events in gamma-gamma collisions will be more than that in e+e- collisions. Photon colliders can, certainly, give additional information and they are the best for the study of many phenomena. The main question is now the technical feasibility. The key new element in photon colliders is a very powerful laser system. An external optical cavity is a promising approach for the TESLA project. A free electron laser is another option. However, a more straightforward solution is ``an optical storage ring (optical trap)'' with diode pumped solid state laser injector which is today technically feasible. This paper briefly reviews the status of a photon collider based at TESLA, its possible parameters and existing problems.
MIC 2009: The VIII Metaheuristics International Conference id-1 Non-Linear Great Deluge with Learning Mechanism for Solving
Landa-Silva, Dario
M IC 2009 MIC 2009: The VIII Metaheuristics International Conference id-1 Non-Linear Great Deluge acceptance criterion while Kendall and Mohamad [15] used the great deluge acceptance criterion. Hamburg In this paper, we propose an approach that uses a learning mechanism and a non-linear great deluge acceptance
The International Large Detector: Letter of Intent
Abe, Toshinori; Abramowicz, Halina; Adamus, Marek; Adeva, Bernardo; Afanaciev, Konstantin; Aguilar-Saavedra, Juan Antonio; Alabau Pons, Carmen; Albrecht, Hartwig; Andricek, Ladislav; Anduze, Marc; Aplin, Steve J.; Arai, Yasuo; Asano, Masaki; Attie, David; Attree, Derek J.; Burger, Jochen; Bailey, David; Balbuena, Juan Pablo; Ball, Markus; Ballin, James; Barbi, Mauricio; Barlow, Roger; Bartels, Christoph; Bartsch, Valeria; Bassignana, Daniela; Bates, Richard; Baudot, Jerome; Bechtle, Philip; Beck, Jeannine; Beckmann, Moritz; Bedjidian, Marc; Behnke, Ties; Belkadhi, Khaled; Bellerive, Alain; Bentvelsen, Stan; Bergauer, Thomas; Berggren, C.Mikael U.; Bergholz, Matthias; Bernreuther, Werner; Besancon, Marc; Besson, Auguste; Bhattacharya, Sudeb; Bhuyan, Bipul; Biebel, Otmar; Bilki, Burak; Blair, Grahame; Blumlein, Johannes; Bo, Li; Boisvert, Veronique; Bondar, A.; Bonvicini, Giovanni; Boos, Eduard; Boudry, Vincent; Bouquet, Bernard; Bouvier, Joel; Bozovic-Jelisavcic, Ivanka; Brient, Jean-Claude; Brock, Ian; Brogna, Andrea; Buchholz, Peter; Buesser, Karsten; Bulgheroni, Antonio; Butler, John; Buttar, Craig; Buzulutskov, A.F.; Caccia, Massimo; Caiazza, Stefano; Calcaterra, Alessandro; Caldwell, Allen; Callier, Stephane L.C.; Calvo Alamillo, Enrique; Campbell, Michael; Campbell, Alan J.; Cappellini, Chiara; Carloganu, Cristina; Castro, Nuno; Castro Carballo, Maria Elena; Chadeeva, Marina; Chakraborty, Dhiman; Chang, Paoti; Charpy, Alexandre; Chen, Xun; Chen, Shaomin; Chen, Hongfang; Cheon, Byunggu; Choi, Suyong; Choudhary, B.C.; Christen, Sandra; Ciborowski, Jacek; Ciobanu, Catalin; Claus, Gilles; Clerc, Catherine; Coca, Cornelia; Colas, Paul; Colijn, Auke; Colledani, Claude; Combaret, Christophe; Cornat, Remi; Cornebise, Patrick; Corriveau, Francois; Cvach, Jaroslav; Czakon, Michal; D'Ascenzo, Nicola; Da Silva, Wilfrid; Dadoun, Olivier; Dam, Mogens; Damerell, Chris; Danilov, Mikhail; Daniluk, Witold; Daubard, Guillaume; David, Dorte; David, Jacques; De Boer, Wim; De Groot, Nicolo; De Jong, Sijbrand; De Jong, Paul; De La Taille, Christophe; De Masi, Rita; De Roeck, Albert; Decotigny, David; Dehmelt, Klaus; Delagnes, Eric; Deng, Zhi; Desch, Klaus; Dieguez, Angel; Diener, Ralf; Dima, Mihai-Octavian; Dissertori, Gunther; Dixit, Madhu S.; Dolezal, Zdenek; Dolgoshein, Boris A.; Dollan, Ralph; Dorokhov, Andrei; Doublet, Philippe; Doyle, Tony; Doziere, Guy; Dragicevic, Marko; Drasal, Zbynek; Drugakov, Vladimir; Duarte Campderros, Jordi; Dulucq, Frederic; Dumitru, Laurentiu Alexandru; Dzahini, Daniel; Eberl, Helmut; Eckerlin, Guenter; Ehrenfeld, Wolfgang; Eigen, Gerald; Eklund, Lars; Elsen, Eckhard; Elsener, Konrad; Emeliantchik, Igor; Engels, Jan; Evrard, Christophe; Fabbri, Riccardo; Faber, Gerard; Faucci Giannelli, Michele; Faus-Golfe, Angeles; Feege, Nils; Feng, Cunfeng; Ferencei, Jozef; Fernandez Garcia, Marcos; Filthaut, Frank; Fleck, Ivor; Fleischer, Manfred; Fleta, Celeste; Fleury, Julien L.; Fontaine, Jean-Charles; Foster, Brian; Fourches, Nicolas; Fouz, Mary-Cruz; Frank, Sebastian; Frey, Ariane; Frotin, Mickael; Fujii, Hirofumi; Fujii, Keisuke; Fujimoto, Junpei; Fujita, Yowichi; Fusayasu, Takahiro; Fuster, Juan; Gaddi, Andrea; Gaede, Frank; Galkin, Alexei; Galkin, Valery; Gallas, Abraham; Gallin-Martel, Laurent; Gamba, Diego; Gao, Yuanning; Garrido Beltran, Lluis; Garutti, Erika; Gastaldi, Franck; Gaur, Bakul; Gay, Pascal; Gellrich, Andreas; Genat, Jean-Francois; Gentile, Simonetta; Gerwig, Hubert; Gibbons, Lawrence; Ginina, Elena; Giraud, Julien; Giraudo, Giuseppe; Gladilin, Leonid; Goldstein, Joel; Gonzalez Sanchez, Francisco Javier; Gournaris, Filimon; Greenshaw, Tim; Greenwood, Z.D.; Grefe, Christian; Gregor, Ingrid-Maria; Grenier, Gerald Jean; Gris, Philippe; Grondin, Denis; Grunewald, Martin; Grzelak, Grzegorz; Gurtu, Atul; Haas, Tobias; Haensel, Stephan; Hajdu, Csaba; Hallermann, Lea; Han, Liang; Hansen, Peter H.; Hara, Takanori; Harder, Kristian; Hartin, Anthony; Haruyama, Tomiyoshi; Harz, Martin; Hasegawa, Yoji; Hauschild, Michael; He, Qing; Hedberg, Vincent; Hedin, David; Heinze, Isa; Helebrant, Christian; Henschel, Hans; Hensel, Carsten; Hertenberger, Ralf; Herve, Alain; Higuchi, Takeo; Himmi, Abdelkader; Hironori, Kazurayama; Hlucha, Hana; Hommels, Bart; Horii, Yasuyuki; Horvath, Dezso; Hostachy, Jean-Yves; Hou, Wei-Shu; Hu-Guo, Christine; Huang, Xingtao; Huppert, Jean Francois; Ide, Yasuhiro; Idzik, Marek; Iglesias Escudero, Carmen; Ignatenko, Alexandr; Igonkina, Olga; Ikeda, Hirokazu; Ikematsu, Katsumasa; Ikemoto, Yukiko; Ikuno, Toshinori; Imbault, Didier; Imhof, Andreas; Imhoff, Marc; Ingbir, Ronen; Inoue, Eiji
The International Large Detector (ILD) is a concept for a detector at the International Linear Collider, ILC. The ILC will collide electrons and positrons at energies of initially 500 GeV, upgradeable to 1 TeV. The ILC has an ambitious physics program, which will extend and complement that of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A hallmark of physics at the ILC is precision. The clean initial state and the comparatively benign environment of a lepton collider are ideally suited to high precision measurements. To take full advantage of the physics potential of ILC places great demands on the detector performance. The design of ILD is driven by these requirements. Excellent calorimetry and tracking are combined to obtain the best possible overall event reconstruction, including the capability to reconstruct individual particles within jets for particle ow calorimetry. This requires excellent spatial resolution for all detector systems. A highly granular calorimeter system is combined with a central tracker which st...
Schroeder, C. B.
LASER-PLASMA-ACCELERATOR-BASED ?? COLLIDERS ? C. B.linear col- lider based on laser-plasma-accelerators arediscussed, and a laser-plasma-accelerator-based gamma-
Direct searches of extra Higgs boson at future colliders
Yokoya, Hiroshi
We study direct searches of additional Higgs bosons in multi-top-quarks events at the LHC with the collision energy of 14 TeV as well as the International Linear Collider (ILC) with the collision energy of 1 TeV. As a benchmark model, we consider two Higgs doublet models with a softly-broken discrete $Z_2$ symmetry, where the $t\\bar t$ decay mode of additional neutral Higgs bosons can be dominant if their masses are heavy enough. Thus, the multi-top-quarks events become an important probe of the extended Higgs sector at future colliders. We estimate the discovery reach at the LHC and the ILC, and find that the search at the ILC can survey the parameter regions where the LHC cannot cover.
LASER-PLASMA-ACCELERATOR-BASED COLLIDERS C. B. Schroeder
Geddes, Cameron Guy Robinson
LASER-PLASMA-ACCELERATOR-BASED COLLIDERS C. B. Schroeder , E. Esarey, Cs. T┤oth, C. G. R. Geddes-generation linear col- lider based on laser-plasma-accelerators are discussed, and a laser-plasma-accelerator gamma-gamma () collider is considered. An example of the parameters for a 0.5 TeV laser-plasma-accelerator collider
31 October 2005 Mark Oreglia, EFI HEPsem 1 Status of the International
organization and tasks will be organized internationally, not regionally #12;31 October 2005 Mark Oreglia, EFI31 October 2005 Mark Oreglia, EFI HEPsem 1 Status of the International Linear Collider Project Mark interaction strength with standard model particles. ┬Ę Straight blue line gives the standard model predictions
13th International Conference on Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear Drives
Not Available
This report contains short papers on research being conducted throughout the world on magnetically levitated systems, mainly consisting of trains, and magnetic linear drives. These papers have been index separately elsewhere on the data base.
TESLA*HERA Based gamma-p and gamma-A Colliders
A. K. Ciftci; S. Sultansoy; O. Yavas
Main parameters and physics search potential of gamma-p and gamma-A colliders, which will be available due to constructing the TESLA linear electron-positron collider tangentially to the HERA proton ring, are discussed.
Optimal coupler and power setting for superconductive linear accelerators
Branlard, J.; Chase, B,; Nagaitsev, S.; Nezhevenko, O.; Reid, J.; /Fermilab
The modeling analysis presented in this paper addresses the question of how to achieve the highest vector sum gradient for all beam currents when individual cavities operate at different gradients due to their inherent quenching limitations. The analytical method explained here constitutes a step forward toward the operability of the International Linear Collider (ILC), Project X [8], or XFEL [7]. Unlike previously proposed methods [1, 2], this approach prevents cavities from quenching should the beam current be lower than its maximum value.
Study of quality assurance regulations for linear accelerators in Korea: A comparison study between the current status in Korea and the international guidelines
Lee, Hyunho; Jo, Yunhui; Yoon, Myonggeun
Quality assurance (QA) for medical linear accelerators is indispensable for appropriate cancer treatment. Some international organizations and western advanced countries provide QA guidelines for linear accelerators. Currently, QA regulations for linear accelerators in Korean hospitals specify a system in which each hospital stipulates its independent hospital-based protocols for QA procedures (HP_QAPs) and conducts QA based on these HP_QAPs while regulatory authorities verify whether items under these HP_QAPs have been performed. However, because this regulatory method cannot guarantee the quality of universal treatment, and QA items with tolerance criteria are different in many hospitals, the presentation of standardized QA items and tolerance criteria is essential. In this study, QA items in HP_QAPs from various hospitals and those presented by international organizations. Concordance rates between QA items for linear accelerators that were presented by the aforementioned organizations and those currently ...
TESLA*HERA as Lepton (Photon)-Hadron Collider
O. Yavas; A. K. Ciftci; S. Sultansoy
New facilities for particle and nuclear physics research, which will be available due to constructing the TESLA linear electron-positron collider tangentially to the HERA proton ring, are discussed.
The International Large Detector: Letter of Intent
The ILD Concept Group
The International Large Detector (ILD) is a concept for a detector at the International Linear Collider, ILC. The ILC will collide electrons and positrons at energies of initially 500 GeV, upgradeable to 1 TeV. The ILC has an ambitious physics program, which will extend and complement that of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A hallmark of physics at the ILC is precision. The clean initial state and the comparatively benign environment of a lepton collider are ideally suited to high precision measurements. To take full advantage of the physics potential of ILC places great demands on the detector performance. The design of ILD is driven by these requirements. Excellent calorimetry and tracking are combined to obtain the best possible overall event reconstruction, including the capability to reconstruct individual particles within jets for particle ow calorimetry. This requires excellent spatial resolution for all detector systems. A highly granular calorimeter system is combined with a central tracker which stresses redundancy and efficiency. In addition, efficient reconstruction of secondary vertices and excellent momentum resolution for charged particles are essential for an ILC detector. The interaction region of the ILC is designed to host two detectors, which can be moved into the beam position with a push-pull scheme. The mechanical design of ILD and the overall integration of subdetectors takes these operational conditions into account.
Stochastic Cooling in Muon Colliders
Barletta, W.A.
Research Division Stochastic Cooling in Muon Colliders W.A.AC03-76SFOOO98. STOCHASTIC COOLING IN MUON COLLIDERS Williamcan consider the stochastic cooling option as more than a
Diffraction at collider energies
Frankfurt, L.L.
Lessons with ``soft`` hadron physics to explain (a) feasibility to observe and to investigate color transparency, color opacity effects at colliders; (b) significant probability and specific features of hard diffractive processes; (c) feasibility to investigate components of parton wave functions of hadrons with minimal number of constituents. This new physics would be more important with increase of collision energy.
Diffraction at collider energies
Frankfurt, L.L.
Lessons with soft'' hadron physics to explain (a) feasibility to observe and to investigate color transparency, color opacity effects at colliders; (b) significant probability and specific features of hard diffractive processes; (c) feasibility to investigate components of parton wave functions of hadrons with minimal number of constituents. This new physics would be more important with increase of collision energy.
Neutrinos and Collider Physics
Frank F. Deppisch; P. S. Bhupal Dev; Apostolos Pilaftsis
We review the collider phenomenology of neutrino physics and the synergetic aspects at energy, intensity and cosmic frontiers to test the new physics behind the neutrino mass mechanism. In particular, we focus on seesaw models within the minimal setup as well as with extended gauge and/or Higgs sectors, and on supersymmetric neutrino mass models with seesaw mechanism and with $R$-parity violation. In the simplest Type-I seesaw scenario with sterile neutrinos, we summarize and update the current experimental constraints on the sterile neutrino mass and its mixing with the active neutrinos. We also discuss the future experimental prospects of testing the seesaw mechanism at colliders and in related low-energy searches for rare processes, such as lepton flavor violation and neutrinoless double beta decay. The implications of the discovery of lepton number violation at the LHC for leptogenesis are also studied.
Neutrinos and Collider Physics
Deppisch, Frank F; Pilaftsis, Apostolos
We review the collider phenomenology of neutrino physics and the synergetic aspects at energy, intensity and cosmic frontiers to test the new physics behind the neutrino mass mechanism. In particular, we focus on seesaw models within the minimal setup as well as with extended gauge and/or Higgs sectors, and on supersymmetric neutrino mass models with seesaw mechanism and with $R$-parity violation. In the simplest Type-I seesaw scenario with sterile neutrinos, we summarize and update the current experimental constraints on the sterile neutrino mass and its mixing with the active neutrinos. We also discuss the future experimental prospects of testing the seesaw mechanism at colliders and in related low-energy searches for rare processes, such as lepton flavor violation and neutrinoless double beta decay. The implications of the discovery of lepton number violation at the LHC for leptogenesis are also studied.
Muon Collider Progress: Accelerators
Michael S. Zisman
A muon collider would be a powerful tool for exploring the energy-frontier with leptons, and would complement the studies now under way at the LHC. Such a device would offer several important benefits. Muons, like electrons, are point particles so the full center-of-mass energy is available for particle production. Moreover, on account of their higher mass, muons give rise to very little synchrotron radiation and produce very little beamstrahlung. The first feature permits the use of a circular collider that can make efficient use of the expensive rf system and whose footprint is compatible with an existing laboratory site. The second feature leads to a relatively narrow energy spread at the collision point. Designing an accelerator complex for a muon collider is a challenging task. Firstly, the muons are produced as a tertiary beam, so a high-power proton beam and a target that can withstand it are needed to provide the required luminosity of ~1 \\times 10^34 cm^-2s^-1. Secondly, the beam is initially produced with a large 6D phase space, which necessitates a scheme for reducing the muon beam emittance ("cooling"). Finally, the muon has a short lifetime so all beam manipulations must be done very rapidly. The Muon Accelerator Program, led by Fermilab and including a number of U.S. national laboratories and universities, has undertaken design and R&D activities aimed toward the eventual construction of a muon collider. Design features of such a facility and the supporting R&D program are described.
Diffraction at collider energies
Frankfurt, L.L. (Department of Physics, FM-15, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 (United States))
The aim of this talk is to outline lessons with soft'' hadron physics to explain (a) feasibility to observe and to investigate color transparency, color opacity effects at colliders; (b) significant probability and specific features of hard diffractive processes; (c) feasibility to investigate components of parton wave functions of hadrons with minimal number of constituents. This new physics would be more important with increase of collision energy.
N/Z dependence of balance energy throughout the colliding geometries
Sakshi Gautam; Rajeev K. Puri
We study the N/Z dependence of balance energy throughout the mass range for colliding geometry varying from central to peripheral ones. Our results indicate that balance energy decreases linearly with increase in N/Z ratio for all the masses throughout the colliding geometry range. Also, the N/Z dependence of balance energy is sensitive to symmetry energy.
Colliding Nuclei at High Energy
Brookhaven Lab
Physicist Peter Steinberg explains what happens when atomic nucleii travelling at close to the speed of light smash together in Brookhaven Lab's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).
RHIC | Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Photo of LINAC The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is a world-class particle accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory where physicists are exploring the most...
Luminosity Tuning at the Large Hadron Collider
Wittmer, W
By measuring and adjusting the beta-functions at the interaction point (IP the luminosity is being optimized. In LEP (Large Electron Positron Collider) this was done with the two closest doublet magnets. This approach is not applicable for the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) and RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) due to the asymmetric lattice. In addition in the LHC both beams share a common beam pipe through the inner triplet magnets (in these region changes of the magnetic field act on both beams). To control and adjust the beta-functions without perturbation of other optics functions, quadrupole groups situated on both sides further away from the IP have to be used where the two beams are already separated. The quadrupoles are excited in specific linear combinations, forming the so-called "tuning knobs" for the IP beta-functions. For a specific correction one of these knobs is scaled by a common multiplier. The different methods which were used to compute such knobs are discussed: (1) matching in MAD, (2)i...
Beyond the Large Hadron Collider: a first look at cryogenics for CERN future circular colliders
Lebrun, Ph
Following the first experimental discoveries at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the recent update of the European strategy in particle physics, CERN has undertaken an international study of possible future circular colliders beyond the LHC. The study, conducted with the collaborative participation of interested institutes world-wide, considers several options for very high energy hadron-hadron, electron-positron and hadron-electron colliders to be installed in a quasi-circular underground tunnel in the Geneva basin, with a circumference of 80 km to 100 km. All these machines would make intensive use of advanced superconducting devices, i.e. high-field bending and focusing magnets and/or accelerating RF cavities, thus requiring large helium cryogenic systems operating at 4.5 K or below. Based on preliminary sets of parameters and layouts for the particle colliders under study, we discuss the main challenges of their cryogenic systems and present first estimates of the cryogenic refrigeration capacities req...
V. Guzey
The future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a proposed new facility to collide high-energy electrons with beams of polarized protons/light nuclei and unpolarized nuclei. We overview the goals of the project and key measurements at the EIC. We also briefly comment on recent developments of the project.
Neutrino Radiation Challenges and Proposed Solutions for Many-TeV Muon Colliders
B. J. King
Neutrino radiation is expected to impose major design and siting constraints on many-TeV muon colliders. Previous predictions for radiation doses at TeV energy scales are briefly reviewed and then modified for extension to the many-TeV energy regime. The energy-cubed dependence of lower energy colliders is found to soften to an increase of slightly less than quadratic when averaged over the plane of the collider ring and slightly less than linear for the radiation hot spots downstream from straight sections in the collider ring. Despite this, the numerical values are judged to be sufficiently high that any many-TeV muon colliders will likely be constructed on large isolated sites specifically chosen to minimize or eliminate human exposure to the neutrino radiation. It is pointed out that such sites would be of an appropriate size scale to also house future proton-proton and electron-positron colliders at the high energy frontier, which naturally leads to conjecture on the possibilities for a new world laboratory for high energy physics. Radiation dose predictions are also presented for the speculative possibility of linear muon colliders. These have greatly reduced radiation constraints relative to circular muon colliders because radiation is only emitted in two pencil beams directed along the axes of the opposing linacs.
Jet production at hadron colliders
Jouttenus, Teppo T. (Teppo Tapani)
Hadronic jets feature in many final states of interest in modern collider experiments. They form a significant Standard Model background for many proposed new physics processes and also probe QCD interactions at several ...
EIS-0138: Superconducting Super Collider
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The U.S. Department of Energy developed this EIS to analyze the potential environmental impacts of constructing the Superconducting Super Collider, a large proton accelerator, at each of seven alternative locations.
Muon Collider Task Force Report
Ankenbrandt, C.; Alexahin, Y.; Balbekov, V.; Barzi, E.; Bhat, C.; Broemmelsiek, D.; Bross, A.; Burov, A.; Drozhdin, A.; Finley, D.; Geer, S.; /Fermilab /Argonne /Brookhaven /Jefferson Lab /LBL, Berkeley /MUONS Inc., Batavia /UCLA /UC, Riverside /Mississippi U.
Muon Colliders offer a possible long term path to lepton-lepton collisions at center-of-mass energies {radical}s {ge} 1 TeV. In October 2006 the Muon Collider Task Force (MCTF) proposed a program of advanced accelerator R&D aimed at developing the Muon Collider concept. The proposed R&D program was motivated by progress on Muon Collider design in general, and in particular, by new ideas that have emerged on muon cooling channel design. The scope of the proposed MCTF R&D program includes muon collider design studies, helical cooling channel design and simulation, high temperature superconducting solenoid studies, an experimental program using beams to test cooling channel RF cavities and a 6D cooling demonstration channel. The first year of MCTF activities are summarized in this report together with a brief description of the anticipated FY08 R&D activities. In its first year the MCTF has made progress on (1) Muon Collider ring studies, (2) 6D cooling channel design and simulation studies with an emphasis on the HCC scheme, (3) beam preparations for the first HPRF cavity beam test, (4) preparations for an HCC four-coil test, (5) further development of the MANX experiment ideas and studies of the muon beam possibilities at Fermilab, (6) studies of how to integrate RF into an HCC in preparation for a component development program, and (7) HTS conductor and magnet studies to prepare for an evaluation of the prospects for of an HTS high-field solenoid build for a muon cooling channel.
Detectors for Linear Colliders: Tracking and Vertexing (2/4)
Efficient and precise determination of the flavour of partons in multi-hadron final states is essential to the anticipated LC physics program. This makes tracking in the vicinity of the interaction region of great importance. Tracking extrapolation and momentum resolution are specified by precise physics requirements. The R&D; towards detectors able to meet these specifications will be discussed, together with some of their application beyond particle physics.
acceleration linear collider: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
breaking. Many extensions of the standard model have a decoupling limit, with a Higgs boson similar to the standard one and other, higher-mass states. Mindful of such...
Precision measurement of a particle mass at the linear collider
Milstene, C.; /Fermilab; Freitas, A.; /Zurich U.; Schmitt, M.; /Northwestern U.; Sopczak, A.; /Lancaster U.
Precision measurement of the stop mass at the ILC is done in a method based on cross-sections measurements at two different center-of-mass energies. This allows to minimize both the statistical and systematic errors. In the framework of the MSSM, a light stop, compatible with electro-weak baryogenesis, is studied in its decay into a charm jet and neutralino, the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP), as a candidate of dark matter. This takes place for a small stop-neutralino mass difference.
Development of Polarized Photocathodes for the Linear Collider
Richard Prepost
In prior years a Wisconsin-SLAC collaboration developed polarized photocathodes which were used for the SLAC SLD and fixed target programs. Currently, the R&D program goal is the development of a polarized electron source (PES) which meets the ILC requirements for polarization, charge, lifetime, and pulse structure. There are two parts to this program. One part is the continued improvement of photocathode structures with higher polarization. The second part is the design and development of the laser system used to drive the photocathode. The long pulse train for the ILC introduces new challenges for the PES. More reliable and stable operation of the PES may be achievable if appropriate R&D is carried out for higher voltage operation and for a simpler photocathode load-lock system. The collaboration with SLAC is through the Polarized Photocathode Research Collaboration (PPRC). Senior SLAC personnel include T. Maruyama, J. Clendenin, R. Kirby, and A. Brachmann.
Detectors for Linear Colliders: Detector design for a Future Electron-Positron Collider (4/4)
In this lecture I will discuss the issues related to the overall design and optimization of a detector for ILC and CLIC energies. I will concentrate on the two main detector concepts which are being developed in the context of the ILC. Here there has been much recent progress in developing realistic detector models and in understanding the physics performance of the overall detector concept. In addition, I will discuss the how the differences in the detector requirements for the ILC and CLIC impact the overall detector design.
Fault tolerant linear actuator
Tesar, Delbert
In varying embodiments, the fault tolerant linear actuator of the present invention is a new and improved linear actuator with fault tolerance and positional control that may incorporate velocity summing, force summing, or a combination of the two. In one embodiment, the invention offers a velocity summing arrangement with a differential gear between two prime movers driving a cage, which then drives a linear spindle screw transmission. Other embodiments feature two prime movers driving separate linear spindle screw transmissions, one internal and one external, in a totally concentric and compact integrated module.
Physics at high energy photon photon colliders
Chanowitz, M.S.
I review the physic prospects for high energy photon photon colliders, emphasizing results presented at the LBL Gamma Gamma Collider Workshop. Advantages and difficulties are reported for studies of QCD, the electroweak gauge sector, supersymmetry, and electroweak symmetry breaking.
Muon Colliders: The Next Frontier
Yagmur Tourun
Muon Colliders provide a path to the energy frontier in particle physics but have been regarded to be "at least 20 years away" for 20 years. I will review recent progress in design studies and hardware R&D and show that a Muon Collider can be established as a real option for the post-LHC era if the current vigorous R&D effort revitalized by the Muon Collider Task Force at Fermilab can be supported to its conclusion. All critical technologies are being addressed and no show-stoppers have emerged. Detector backgrounds have been studied in detail and appear to be manageable and the physics can be done with existing detector technology. A muon facility can be built through a staged scenario starting from a low-energy muon source with unprecedented intensity for exquisite reach for rare processes, followed by a Neutrino Factory with ultrapure neutrino beams with unparalleled sensitivity for disentangling neutrino mixing, leading to an energy frontier Muon Collider with excellent energy resolution.
Jet Production Studies at Colliders
Robert Hirosky
An overview of jet production, measurement techniques, and recent physics results from colliders is presented. Analyses utilizing jets and boson plus jets final states are included and implications of the data are discussed. The results presented here are a snapshot of those available at the time of the PIC 2012 conference in September 2012.
Colliding axisymmetric pp-waves
B. V. Ivanov
An exact solution is found describing the collision of axisymmetric pp-waves with M=0. They are impulsive in character and their coordinate singularities become point curvature singularities at the boundaries of the interaction region. The solution is conformally flat. Concrete examples are given, involving an ultrarelativistic black hole against a burst of pure radiation or two colliding beam- like waves.
tt Charge asymmetry at hadron colliders
Chapelain, Antoine
We present the current status for the measurements of the ttbar charge asymmetry at the Tevatron and LHC colliders.
From Neutrino Factory to Muon Collider
Geer, S.; /Fermilab
Both Muon Colliders and Neutrino Factories require a muon source capable of producing and capturing {Omicron}(10{sup 21}) muons/year. This paper reviews the similarities and differences between Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider accelerator complexes, the ongoing R&D needed for a Muon Collider that goes beyond Neutrino Factory R&D, and some thoughts about how a Neutrino Factory on the CERN site might eventually be upgraded to a Muon Collider.
Muon Muon Collider: Feasibility Study
Gallardo, J.C.; Palmer, R.B.; /Brookhaven; Tollestrup, A.V.; /Fermilab; Sessler, A.M.; /LBL, Berkeley; Skrinsky, A.N.; /Novosibirsk, IYF; Ankenbrandt, C.; Geer, S.; Griffin, J.; Johnstone, C.; Lebrun, P.; McInturff, A.; Mills, Frederick E.; Mokhov, N.; Moretti, A.; Neuffer, D.; Ng, K.Y.; Noble, R.; Novitski, I.; Popovic, M.; Qian, C.; Van Ginneken, A. /Fermilab /Brookhaven /Wisconsin U., Madison /Tel Aviv U. /Indiana U. /UCLA /LBL, Berkeley /SLAC /Argonne /Sobolev IM, Novosibirsk /UC, Davis /Munich, Tech. U. /Virginia U. /KEK, Tsukuba /DESY /Novosibirsk, IYF /Jefferson Lab /Mississippi U. /SUNY, Stony Brook /MIT /Columbia U. /Fairfield U. /UC, Berkeley; ,
A feasibility study is presented of a 2 + 2 TeV muon collider with a luminosity of L = 10{sup 35} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1}. The resulting design is not optimized for performance, and certainly not for cost; however, it does suffice - we believe - to allow us to make a credible case, that a muon collider is a serious possibility for particle physics and, therefore, worthy of R and D support so that the reality of, and interest in, a muon collider can be better assayed. The goal of this support would be to completely assess the physics potential and to evaluate the cost and development of the necessary technology. The muon collider complex consists of components which first produce copious pions, then capture the pions and the resulting muons from their decay; this is followed by an ionization cooling channel to reduce the longitudinal and transverse emittance of the muon beam. The next stage is to accelerate the muons and, finally, inject them into a collider ring wich has a small beta function at the colliding point. This is the first attempt at a point design and it will require further study and optimization. Experimental work will be needed to verify the validity of diverse crucial elements in the design. Muons because of their large mass compared to an electron, do not produce significant synchrotron radiation. As a result there is negligible beamstrahlung and high energy collisions are not limited by this phenomena. In addition, muons can be accelerated in circular devices which will be considerably smaller than two full-energy linacs as required in an e{sup +} - e{sup -} collider. A hadron collider would require a CM energy 5 to 10 times higher than 4 TeV to have an equivalent energy reach. Since the accelerator size is limited by the strength of bending magnets, the hadron collider for the same physics reach would have to be much larger than the muon collider. In addition, muon collisions should be cleaner than hadron collisions. There are many detailed particle reactions which are open to a muon collider and the physics of such reactions - what one learns and the necessary luminosity to see interesting events - are described in detail. Most of the physics accesible to an e{sup +} - e{sup -} collider could be studied in a muon collider. In addition the production of Higgs bosons in the s-channel will allow the measurement of Higgs masses and total widths to high precision; likewise, t{bar t} and W{sup +}W{sup -} threshold studies would yield m{sub t} and m{sub w} to great accuracy. These reactions are at low center of mass energy (if the MSSM is correct) and the luminosity and {Delta}p/p of the beams required for these measurements is detailed in the Physics Chapter. On the other hand, at 2 + 2 TeV, a luminosity of L {approx} 10{sup 35} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1} is desirable for studies such as, the scattering of longitudinal W bosons or the production of heavy scalar particles. Not explored in this work, but worth noting, are the opportunities for muon-proton and muon-heavy ion collisions as well as the enormous richness of such a facility for fixed target physics provided by the intense beams of neutrinos, muons, pions, kaons, antiprotons and spallation neutrons. To see all the interesting physics described herein requires a careful study of the operation of a detector in the very large background. Three sources of background have been identified. The first is from any halo accompanying the muon beams in the collider ring. Very carefully prepared beams will have to be injected and maintained. The second is due to the fact that on average 35% of the muon energy appears in its decay electron. The energy of the electron subsequently is converted into EM showers either from the synchrotron radiation they emit in the collider magnetic field or from direct collision with the surrounding material. The decays that occur as the beams traverse the low beta insert are of particular concern for detector backgrounds. A third source of background is e{sup +} - e{sup -} pair creation from {mu}{sup +} - {mu}{sup -} interaction. Studies of
Muon Collider Physics at Very High Energies
M. S. Berger
Muon colliders might greatly extend the energy frontier of collider physics. One can contemplate circular colliders with center-of-mass energies in excess of 10 TeV. Some physics issues that might be relevant at such a machine are discussed.
Report of Snowmass 2001 Working Group E2 : Electron-positron Colliders from the $?$ to the Z
Z. Zhao; G. Eigen; G. Burdman; W. Marciano; D. Hitlin; M. Mandelkern; A. Soffer; D. Cassel; L. Gibbons; K. Moenig; J. Butler; P. Kasper; R. Kutschke; P. Mackenzie; S. Pordes; R. Ray; T. Sen; D. Bettoni; R. Calabrese; C. Bloise; D. Kaplan; N. Katayama; Y. Okada; Y. Ohnishi; H. Yamamoto; A. Gritsan; S. Dytman; J. Lee; I. Shipsey; Y. Maravin; F. J. Decker; G. Hiller; P. Kim; D. Leith; S. Petrak; S. Robertson; A. Roodman; J. Seeman; M. Artuso; S. Stone; X. Lou; M. Luke; W. Johns
We report on the status and plans of experiments now running or proposed for electron-positron colliders at energies between the $\\phi$ and the Z. The $e^{+}e^{-}$ B and charm factories we considered were PEP-II/BABAR, KEKB/Belle, superKEK, SuperBABAR, and CESR-c/CLEO-c. We reviewed the programs at the $\\phi$ factory at Frascati and the proposed PEP-N facility at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We studied the prospects for B physics with a dedicated linear collider Z factory, associated with the TESLA high energy linear collider. In all cases, we compared the physics reach of these facilities with that of alternative experiments at hadron colliders or fixed target facilities.
Future Electron-Hadron Colliders
Litvinenko, V.
Outstanding research potential of electron-hadron colliders (EHC) was clearly demonstrated by first - and the only - electron-proton collider HERA (DESY, Germany). Physics data from HERA revealed new previously unknown facets of Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD). EHC is an ultimate microscope probing QCD in its natural environment, i.e. inside the hadrons. In contrast with hadrons, electrons are elementary particles with known initial state. Hence, scattering electrons from hadrons provides a clearest pass to their secrets. It turns EHC into an ultimate machine for high precision QCD studies and opens access to rich physics with a great discovery potential: solving proton spin puzzle, observing gluon saturation or physics beyond standard model. Access to this physics requires high-energy high-luminosity EHCs and a wide reach in the center-of-mass (CM) energies. This paper gives a brief overview of four proposed electron-hadron colliders: ENC at GSI (Darmstadt, Germany), ELIC/MEIC at TJNAF (Newport News, VA, USA), eRHIC at BNL (Upton, NY, USA) and LHeC at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland). Future electron-hadron colliders promise to deliver very rich physics not only in the quantity but also in the precision. They are aiming at very high luminosity two-to-four orders of magnitude beyond the luminosity demonstrated by the very successful HERA. While ENC and LHeC are on opposite side of the energy spectrum, eRHIC and ELIC are competing for becoming an electron-ion collider (EIC) in the U.S. Administrations of BNL and Jlab, in concert with US DoE office of Nuclear Physics, work on the strategy for down-selecting between eRHIC and ELIC. The ENC, EIC and LHeC QCD physics programs to a large degree are complimentary to each other and to the LHC physics. In last decade, an Electron Ion Collider (EIC) collaboration held about 25 collaboration meetings to develop physics program for EIC with CM energy {approx}100 GeV. One of these meetings was held at GSI, where ENC topic was in the center of discussions. First dedicated LHeC workshop was held in 2008, with a number of dedicated workshops following it. Intense accelerator R&D program is needed to address the challenges posed by the EIC.
Critical transitions in colliding cascades
International Institute of Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences,. Warshavskoe shosse, 79, korpos 2,
Tevatron instrumentation: boosting collider performance
Shiltsev, Vladimir; Jansson, Andreas; Moore, Ronald; /Fermilab
The Tevatron in Collider Run II (2001-present) is operating with six times more bunches, many times higher beam intensities and luminosities than in Run I (1992-1995). Beam diagnostics were crucial for the machine start-up and the never-ending luminosity upgrade campaign. We present the overall picture of the Tevatron diagnostics development for Run II, outline machine needs for new instrumentation, present several notable examples that led to Tevatron performance improvements, and discuss the lessons for the next big machines--LHC and ILC.
Muon Colliders and Neutrino Factories
Daniel M. Kaplan; for the MAP; MICE Collaborations
Muon colliders and neutrino factories are attractive options for future facilities aimed at achieving the highest lepton-antilepton collision energies and precision measurements of Higgs boson and neutrino mixing matrix parameters. The facility performance and cost depend on how well a beam of muons can be cooled. Recent progress in muon cooling design studies and prototype tests nourishes the hope that such facilities could be built starting in the coming decade. The status of the key technologies and their various demonstration experiments is summarized. Prospects "post-P5" are also discussed.
Muon Colliders and Neutrino Factories
Kaplan, Daniel M
Muon colliders and neutrino factories are attractive options for future facilities aimed at achieving the highest lepton-antilepton collision energies and precision measurements of Higgs boson and neutrino mixing matrix parameters. The facility performance and cost depend on how well a beam of muons can be cooled. Recent progress in muon cooling design studies and prototype tests nourishes the hope that such facilities could be built starting in the coming decade. The status of the key technologies and their various demonstration experiments is summarized. Prospects "post-P5" are also discussed.
Stochastic cooling in muon colliders
Barletta, W.A.; Sessler, A.M.
Analysis of muon production techniques for high energy colliders indicates the need for rapid and effective beam cooling in order that one achieve luminosities > 10{sup 30} cm{sup {minus}2}s{sup {minus}1} as required for high energy physics experiments. This paper considers stochastic cooling to increase the phase space density of the muons in the collider. Even at muon energies greater than 100 GeV, the number of muons per bunch must be limited to {approximately}10{sup 3} for the cooling rate to be less than the muon lifetime. With such a small number of muons per bunch, the final beam emittance implied by the luminosity requirement is well below the thermodynamic limit for beam electronics at practical temperatures. Rapid bunch stacking after the cooling process can raise the number of muons per bunch to a level consistent with both the luminosity goals and with practical temperatures for the stochastic cooling electronics. A major advantage of our stochastic cooling/stacking scheme over scenarios that employ only ionization cooling is that the power on the production target can be reduced below 1 MW.
27. Accelerator physics of colliders 1 27. ACCELERATOR PHYSICS OF COLLIDERS
's facilities, and end with some remarks on future possibilities. 27.2. Beam Dynamics The first concern of beam27. Accelerator physics of colliders 1 27. ACCELERATOR PHYSICS OF COLLIDERS Revised July 2011 by D ū L (t)dt. (27.1) Today's colliders all employ bunched beams. If two bunches containing n1 and n2
25. Accelerator physics of colliders 1 25. ACCELERATOR PHYSICS OF COLLIDERS
's facilities, and end with some remarks on future possibilities. 25.2. Beam Dynamics The first concern of beam25. Accelerator physics of colliders 1 25. ACCELERATOR PHYSICS OF COLLIDERS Revised July 2011 by D ū L (t)dt. (25.1) Today's colliders all employ bunched beams. If two bunches containing n1 and n2
CLIC Project Overview (In Conjunction with the Muon Collider Workshop)
Latina, Andrea
The CLIC study is exploring the scheme for an electron-positron collider with a centre-of-mass energy of 3 TeV in order to make the multi-TeV range accessible for physics. The current goal of the project is to demonstrate the feasibility of the technology by the year 2010. Recently, important progress has been made concerning the high-gradient accelerating structure tests and the experiments with beam in the CLIC test facility, CTF3. On the organizational side, the CLIC international collaborations have significantly gained momentum, boosting the CLIC study.
Muon capture for the front end of a muon collider
Neuffer, D.; /Fermilab; Yoshikawa, C.; /MUONS Inc., Batavia
We discuss the design of the muon capture front end for a {mu}{sup +}-{mu}{sup -} Collider. In the front end, a proton bunch on a target creates secondary pions that drift into a capture transport channel, decaying into muons. A sequence of rf cavities forms the resulting muon beams into strings of bunches of differing energies, aligns the bunches to (nearly) equal central energies, and initiates ionization cooling. The muons are then cooled and accelerated to high energy into a storage ring for high-energy high luminosity collisions. Our initial design is based on the somewhat similar front end of the International Design Study (IDS) neutrino factory.
Event simulation for colliders - A basic overview
Christian Reuschle
In this article we will discuss the basic calculational concepts to simulate particle physics events at high energy colliders. We will mainly focus on the physics in hadron colliders and particularly on the simulation of the perturbative parts, where we will in turn focus on the next-to-leading order QCD corrections.
Summary audit report on lessons learned from the Superconducting Super Collider Project
In October 1993, the Congress decided to terminate the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) project after expending about $1.57 billion on the project. While both internal and external factors contributed to the demise of the project, its cancellation offers the Department a unique opportunity to analyze what went wrong, correct the mistakes, and apply the lessons learned to future large-scale projects.
Mutual colliding impact fast ignition
Winterberg, Friedwardt, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0220 (United States)
It is proposed to apply the well established colliding beam technology of high energy physics to the fast hot spot ignition of a highly compressed DT (deuterium-tritium) target igniting a larger D (deuterium) burn, by accelerating a small amount of solid deuterium, and likewise a small amount of tritium, making a head-on collision in the center of the target, projecting them through conical ducts situated at the opposite side of the target and converging in its center. In their head-on collision, the relative collision velocity is 5/3 times larger compared to the collision velocity of a stationary target. The two pieces have for this reason to be accelerated to a smaller velocity than would otherwise be needed to reach upon impact the same temperature. Since the velocity distribution of the two head-on colliding projectiles is with its two velocity peaks non-Maxwellian, the maximum cross section velocity product turns out to be substantially larger than the maximum if averaged over a Maxwellian. The D and T projectiles would have to be accelerated with two sabots driven by powerful particle or laser beams, permitting a rather large acceleration length. With the substantially larger cross section-velocity product by virtue of the non-Maxwellian velocity distribution, a further advantage is that the head-on collision produces a large magnetic field by the thermomagnetic Nernst effect, enhancing propagating burn. With this concept, the ignition of the neutron-less hydrogen-boron (HB{sup 11}) reaction might even be possible in a heterogeneous assembly of the hydrogen and the boron to reduce the bremsstrahlung-losses, resembling the heterogeneous assembly in a graphite-natural uranium reactor, there to reduce the neutron losses.
NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 2005; 12:683
NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 2005; 12:683 Published Numerical Linear Algebra and its Applications The fourth workshop of the ERCIM Working Group on `Matrix Computations and Statistics' and the First International workshop on `Numerical Linear Algebra and its
Comparison of photon colliders based on e-e- and e+e- beams
V. I. Telnov
At photon colliders gamma-gamma, gamma-electron high energy photons are produced by Compton scattering of laser light off the high energy electrons (or positrons) at a linear collider. At first sight, photon colliders based on e-e- or e+e- primary beams have similar properties and therefore for convenience one can use e+e- beams both for e+e- and gamma-gamma modes of operation. Below we compare these options and show that e-e- beams are much better (mandatory) because in the e+e- case low energy background gamma-gamma to hadrons is much higher and e+e- annihilation reactions present a very serious background for gamma-gamma processes.
Superconducting solenoids for the Muon collider
Green, M.A.
muon collider has superconducting solenoids as an integralLBNL-44303 SCMAG-690 Superconducting Solenoids for the MuonDE-AC03-76SFOOO98. J Superconducting Solenoids for the Muon
Stability diagram of colliding beams
Buffat, X; Mounet, N; Pieloni, T
The effect of the beam-beam interactions on the stability of impedance mode is discussed. The detuning is evaluated by the means of single particle tracking in arbitrarily complex collision configurations, including lattice non-linearities, and used to numerically evaluate the dispersion integral. This approach also allows the effect of non-Gaussian distributions to be considered. Distributions modified by the action of external noise are discussed.
The Search for Higgs particles at high-energy colliders: Past, Present and Future
A. Djouadi
I briefly review the Higgs sector in the Standard Model and its minimal Supersymmetric extension, the MSSM. After summarizing the properties of the Higgs bosons and the present experimental constraints, I will discuss the prospects for discovering these particle at the upgraded Tevatron, the LHC and a high-energy $e^+e^-$ linear collider. The possibility of studying the properties of the Higgs particles will be then summarized.
Wesley Smith, U. Wisconsin, January 11, 2007 Aspen Winter Conference: Experimental QCD -1 QCD results from collidersQCD results from collidersQCD results from colliders
Wesley Smith, U. Wisconsin, January 11, 2007 Aspen Winter Conference: Experimental QCD - 1 QCD results from collidersQCD results from collidersQCD results from colliders 2007 Aspen Winter Conference This talk is available on: http://www.hep.wisc.edu/wsmith/files/exp_qcd_smith_aspen07.pdf #12;Wesley Smith
The Tevatron Hadron Collider: A short history
Tollestrup, A.V.
The subject of this presentation was intended to cover the history of hadron colliders. However this broad topic is probably better left to historians. I will cover a much smaller portion of this subject and specialize my subject to the history of the Tevatron. As we will see, the Tevatron project is tightly entwined with the progress in collider technology. It occupies a unique place among accelerators in that it was the first to make use of superconducting magnets and indeed the basic design now forms a template for all machines using this technology. It was spawned in an incredibly productive era when new ideas were being generated almost monthly and it has matured into our highest energy collider complete with two large detectors that provide the major facility in the US for probing high Pt physics for the coming decade.
Top quark studies at hadron colliders
Sinervo, P.K. [Univ. of Toronto, Ontario (Canada)
The techniques used to study top quarks at hadron colliders are presented. The analyses that discovered the top quark are described, with emphasis on the techniques used to tag b quark jets in candidate events. The most recent measurements of top quark properties by the CDF and DO Collaborations are reviewed, including the top quark cross section, mass, branching fractions, and production properties. Future top quark studies at hadron colliders are discussed, and predictions for event yields and uncertainties in the measurements of top quark properties are presented.
Beam instrumentation for the Tevatron Collider
Moore, Ronald S.; Jansson, Andreas; Shiltsev, Vladimir; /Fermilab
The Tevatron in Collider Run II (2001-present) is operating with six times more bunches and many times higher beam intensities and luminosities than in Run I (1992-1995). Beam diagnostics were crucial for the machine start-up and the never-ending luminosity upgrade campaign. We present the overall picture of the Tevatron diagnostics development for Run II, outline machine needs for new instrumentation, present several notable examples that led to Tevatron performance improvements, and discuss the lessons for future colliders.
Proton-proton colliding beam facility ISABELLE
Hahn, H
This paper attempts to present the status of the ISABELLE construction project, which has the objective of building a 400 + 400 GeV proton colliding beam facility. The major technical features of the superconducting accelerators with their projected performance are described. Progress made so far, difficulties encountered, and the program until completion in 1986 is briefly reviewed.
Future Colliders Beyond the Standard Model
Murayama, Hitoshi
. Of course, the lesson of high energy physics has been that higher energies have generally revealed new that the full exploration of the Standard Model was likely to require a very high energy hadron collider important, it is not possible to postpone indefinitely new physics associated with the Higgs boson. To see
Challenges for highest energy circular colliders
Benedikt, M; Wenninger, J; Zimmermann, F
A new tunnel of 80¢100 km circumference could host a 100 TeV centre-of-mass energy-frontier proton collider (FCC-hh/VHE-LHC), with a circular lepton collider (FCCee/TLEP) as potential intermediate step, and a leptonhadron collider (FCC-he) as additional option. FCC-ee, operating at four different energies for precision physics of the Z, W, and Higgs boson and the top quark, represents a significant push in terms of technology and design parameters. Pertinent R&D efforts include the RF system, topup injection scheme, optics design for arcs and final focus, effects of beamstrahlung, beam polarization, energy calibration, and power consumption. FCC-hh faces other challenges, such as high-field magnet design, machine protection and effective handling of large synchrotron radiation power in a superconducting machine. All these issues are being addressed by a global FCC collaboration. A parallel design study in China prepares for a similar, but smaller collider, called CepC/SppC.
QCD parton model at collider energies
Ellis, R.K.
Using the example of vector boson production, the application of the QCD improved parton model at collider energies is reviewed. The reliability of the extrapolation to SSC energies is assessed. Predictions at ..sqrt..S = 0.54 TeV are compared with data. 21 references.
Beam dynamics aspects of crab cavities in the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Sun, Y P; Barranco, J; TomÓs, R; Weiler, T; Zimmermann, F; Calaga, R; Morita, A
Modern colliders bring into collision a large number of bunches to achieve a high luminosity. The longrange beam-beam effects arising from parasitic encounters at such colliders are mitigated by introducing acrossing angle. Under these conditions, crab cavities (CC) can be used to restore effective head-on collisions and thereby to increase the geometric luminosity. Such crab cavities have been proposed for both linear and circular colliders. The crab cavities are rf cavities operated in a transverse dipole mode, which imparts on the beam particles a transverse kick that varies with the longitudinal position along the bunch. The use of crab cavities in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) may not only raise the luminosity, but it could also complicate the beam dynamics, e.g., crab cavities might not only cancel synchrobetatron resonances excited by the crossing angle but they could also excite new ones, they could reduce the dynamic aperture for off-momentum particles, they could influence the aperture and orbit, ...
Beam dynamics aspects of crab cavities in the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Sun, Y P; Barranco, J; Tomßs, R; Weiler, T; Zimmermann, F; Calaga, R; Morita, A
Modern colliders bring into collision a large number of bunches to achieve a high luminosity. The long-range beam-beam effects arising from parasitic encounters at such colliders are mitigated by introducing a crossing angle. Under these conditions, crab cavities (CC) can be used to restore effective head-on collisions and thereby to increase the geometric luminosity. Such crab cavities have been proposed for both linear and circular colliders. The crab cavities are rf cavities operated in a transverse dipole mode, which imparts on the beam particles a transverse kick that varies with the longitudinal position along the bunch. The use of crab cavities in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) may not only raise the luminosity, but it could also complicate the beam dynamics, e.g., crab cavities might not only cancel synchrobetatron resonances excited by the crossing angle but they could also excite new ones, they could reduce the dynamic aperture for off-momentum particles, they could influence the aperture and orbit...
INTERNATIONAL International Internship for
Napier, Terrence
OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS International Internship for Global Leadership Program Student Portugal ┬Ł Laura Sieger Ukraine ┬Ł Mary Brune 2012 Internship Locations #12;Dear Friends and Colleagues of Lehigh University: The International Internship for Global Leadership Program provides Lehigh students
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)Integrated Codes |Is Your HomeLatestCenter (LMI-EFRC) -Choices toLeeLinear Accelerator
Optimization Online - Global Optimization of Non-Linear Systems of ...
Nicholas Harkiolakis
Oct 20, 2008 ... Global Optimization of Non-Linear Systems of Equations by Simulating the ... 10th WSEAS International Conference on Mathematical Methods,Ā...
The requirement for high luminosity in a {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} collider leads one to conclude that a prodigious source of pions is needed followed by an efficient capture/decay channel. Significant targetry issues are raised by these demands. Among these are (1) the best target configuration to tolerate a high-rep rate, high-power proton beam ({approx} 10{sup 14} ppp at 15 Hz), (2) the pion spectra of the produced pions and (3) the best configuration for maximizing the quantity of captured pions. In this paper, the current thinking of the {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} collider collaboration for solutions to these issues is discussed. In addition, we give a description of the R&D program designed to provide a proof-of-principle for a muon capture system capable of meeting the demands of a future high-luminosity machine.
Really large hadron collider working group summary
Dugan, G. [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States); Limon, P. [Fermilab, Batavia, IL (United States); Syphers, M. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)
A summary is presented of preliminary studies of three 100 TeV center-of-mass hadron colliders made with magnets of different field strengths, 1.8T, 9.5T and 12.6T. Descriptions of the machines, and some of the major and most challenging subsystems, are presented, along with parameter lists and the major issues for future study.
Structure and Dynamics of Colliding Plasma Jets
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Li, C. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Ryutov, D. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; Hu, S. [Lab. for Laser Energetics, Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States); Rosenberg, M. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Zylstra, A. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Seguin, F. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Frenje, J. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Casey, D. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Gatu Johnson, M. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Manuel, M. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Rinderknecht, H. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Petrasso, R. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Amendt, P. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Park, H. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Remington, B. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Wilks, S. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Betti, R. [Lab. for Laser Energetics, Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States); Froula, D. [Lab. for Laser Energetics, Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States); Knauer, J. [Lab. for Laser Energetics, Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States); Meyerhofer, D. [Lab. for Laser Energetics, Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States); Drake, R. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Kuranz, C. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Young, R. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Koenig, M. [Laboratoire pour lÆUtilisation des Lasers Intenses, CNRS¢CEA¢Universitķ Paris VI¢Ecole Polytechnique (France)
Monoenergetic-proton radiographs of laser-generated, high-Mach-number plasma jets colliding at various angles shed light on the structures and dynamics of these collisions. The observations compare favorably with results from 2D hydrodynamic simulations of multistream plasma jets, and also with results from an analytic treatment of electron flow and magnetic field advection. In collisions of two noncollinear jets, the observed flow structure is similar to the analytic modelÆs prediction of a characteristic feature with a narrow structure pointing in one direction and a much thicker one pointing in the opposite direction. Spontaneous magnetic fields, largely azimuthal around the colliding jets and generated by the well-known ?Te ū?ne Biermann battery effect near the periphery of the laser spots, are demonstrated to be ōfrozen inö the plasma (due to high magnetic Reynolds number RM ~5ū10?) and advected along the jet streamlines of the electron flow. These studies provide novel insight into the interactions and dynamics of colliding plasma jets.
Interpenetration and stagnation in colliding laser plasmas
Al-Shboul, K. F. [Center for Materials Under eXtreme Environment, School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (United States) [Center for Materials Under eXtreme Environment, School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (United States); Department of Nuclear Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110 (Jordan); Harilal, S. S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Hassan, S. M.; Hassanein, A. [Center for Materials Under eXtreme Environment, School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (United States)] [Center for Materials Under eXtreme Environment, School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (United States); Costello, J. T. [School of Physical Sciences and NCPST, Dublin City University, Dublin 9 (Ireland)] [School of Physical Sciences and NCPST, Dublin City University, Dublin 9 (Ireland); Yabuuchi, T.; Tanaka, K. A. [Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 5650871 (Japan)] [Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 5650871 (Japan); Hirooka, Y. [National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu (Japan)] [National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu (Japan)
We have investigated plasma stagnation and interaction effects in colliding laser-produced plasmas. For generating colliding plasmas, two split laser beams were line-focused onto a hemi-circular target and the seed plasmas so produced were allowed to expand in mutually orthogonal directions. This experimental setup forced the expanding seed plasmas to come to a focus at the center of the chamber. The interpenetration and stagnation of plasmas of candidate fusion wall materials, viz., carbon and tungsten, and other materials, viz., aluminum, and molybdenum were investigated in this study. Fast-gated imaging, Faraday cup ion analysis, and optical emission spectroscopy were used for diagnosing seed and colliding plasma plumes. Our results show that high-Z target (W, Mo) plasma ions interpenetrate each other, while low-Z (C, Al) plasmas stagnate at the collision plane. For carbon seed plasmas, an intense stagnation was observed resulting in longer plasma lifetime; in addition, the stagnation layer was found to be rich with C{sub 2} dimers.
Structure and Dynamics of Colliding Plasma Jets
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Li, C.; Ryutov, D.; Hu, S.; Rosenberg, M.; Zylstra, A.; Seguin, F.; Frenje, J.; Casey, D.; Gatu Johnson, M.; Manuel, M.; et al
Monoenergetic-proton radiographs of laser-generated, high-Mach-number plasma jets colliding at various angles shed light on the structures and dynamics of these collisions. The observations compare favorably with results from 2D hydrodynamic simulations of multistream plasma jets, and also with results from an analytic treatment of electron flow and magnetic field advection. In collisions of two noncollinear jets, the observed flow structure is similar to the analytic modelÆs prediction of a characteristic feature with a narrow structure pointing in one direction and a much thicker one pointing in the opposite direction. Spontaneous magnetic fields, largely azimuthal around the colliding jets and generatedmoreĀ╗by the well-known ?Te ū?ne Biermann battery effect near the periphery of the laser spots, are demonstrated to be ōfrozen inö the plasma (due to high magnetic Reynolds number RM ~5ū10?) and advected along the jet streamlines of the electron flow. These studies provide novel insight into the interactions and dynamics of colliding plasma jets.½Āless
The Dark Penguin Shines Light at Colliders
Primulando, Reinard; Tsai, Yuhsin
Collider experiments are one of the most promising ways to constrain Dark Matter (DM) interactions. For several types of DM-Standard Model couplings, a meaningful interpretation of the results requires to go beyond effective field theory, considering simplified models with light mediators. This is especially important in the case of loop-mediated interactions. In this paper we perform the first simplified model study of the magnetic dipole interacting DM, by including the one-loop momentum-dependent form factors that mediate the coupling -- given by the Dark Penguin -- in collider processes. We compute bounds from the monojet, monophoton, and diphoton searches at the $8$ and $14$ TeV LHC, and compare the results to those of direct and indirect detection experiments. Future searches at the $100$ TeV hadron collider and at the ILC are also addressed. We find that the optimal search strategy requires loose cuts on the missing transverse energy, to capture the enhancement of the form factors near the threshold fo...
ICFA Mini-Workshop on Beam-Beam Effects in Hadron Colliders
Papotti, G; BB2013; BB 2013
This report contains the Proceedings of the ICFA Mini-Workshop on Beam-Beam Effects in Hadron Colliders held at CERN from 18 to 22 March 2013. It was the first of its kind after the successful start of LHC operation where a vast amount of beam-beam observations emerged. It brought together 58 international experts in the field and the purpose of this workshop was to review the present knowledge in the fields of beam-beam theory, simulations and observations. In the summary session the participants acknowledged the enormous progress made in recent years and the introduction of new concepts and tools. The workshop was concluded by a discussion on future research work with emphasis on the LHC operation and future circular colliders.
Recent progress in neutrino factory and muon collider research within the Muon Collaboration
M. M. Alsharoa; Charles M. Ankenbrandt; Muzaffer Atac; Bruno R. Autin; Valeri I. Balbekov; Vernon D. Barger; Odette Benary; J. Bennett; Michael S. Berger; J. Scott Berg; Martin Berz; Edgar Black; Alain Blondel; S. Alex Bogacz; M. Bonesini; Stephen B. Bracker; Alan D. Bross; Luca Bruno; Elizabeth J. Buckley-Geer; Allen Caldwell; Mario Campanelli; Kevin W. Cassel; Swapan Chattopadhyay; Weiren Chou; David B. Cline; Linda R. Coney; Janet M. Conrad; John N. Corlett; Lucien Cremaldi; Mary Anne Cummings; Christine Darve; Fritz DeJongh; et. al.
We describe the status of our effort to realize a first neutrino factory and the progress made in understanding the problems associated with the collection and cooling of muons towards that end. We summarize the physics that can be done with neutrino factories as well as with intense cold beams of muons. The physics potential of muon colliders is reviewed, both as Higgs Factories and compact high energy lepton colliders. The status and timescale of our research and development effort is reviewed as well as the latest designs in cooling channels including the promise of ring coolers in achieving longitudinal and transverse cooling simultaneously. We detail the efforts being made to mount an international cooling experiment to demonstrate the ionization cooling of muons.
Colliding cascades model for earthquake prediction
3 International Institute of Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 4 Department of EarthĀ...
SSC collider dipole magnet end mechanical design
Delchamps, S.W.; Bossert, R.C.; Carson, J.; Ewald, K.; Fulton, H.; Kerby, J.; Koska, W.; Strait, J.; Wake, S.M. (Fermi National Accelerator Lab., Batavia, IL (USA)); Leung, K.K. (Superconducting Super Collider Lab., Dallas, TX (USA))
This paper describes the mechanical design of the ends of Superconducting Super Collider dipole magnets to be constructed and tested at Fermilab. Coil end clamps, end yoke configuration, and end plate design are discussed. Loading of the end plate by axial Lorentz forces is discussed. Relevant data from 40 mm and 50 mm aperture model dipole magnets built and tested at Fermilab are presented. In particular, the apparent influence of end clamp design on the quench behavior of model SSC dipoles is described. 8 refs., 3 figs.
Future high energy colliders. Formal report
Parsa, Z. [ed.] [ed.
This Report includes copies of transparencies and notes from the presentations made at the Symposium on Future High Energy Colliders, October 21-25, 1996 at the Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara California, that was made available by the authors. Editing, reduction and changes to the authors contributions were made only to fulfill the printing and publication requirements. We would like to take this opportunity and thank the speakers for their informative presentations and for providing copies of their transparencies and notes for inclusion in this Report.
MURPHY, JAMES E [University of Nevada, Reno] [University of Nevada, Reno
The objective of this research project is to produce single crystal niobium (Nb) tubes for use as particle accelerator cavities for the Fermi laboratoryÆs International Linear Collider project. Single crystal Nb tubes may have superior performance compared to a polycrystalline tubes because the absence of grain boundaries may permit the use of higher accelerating voltages. In addition, Nb tubes that are subjected to the high temperature, high vacuum crystallization process are very pure and well annealed. Any impurity with a significantly higher vapor pressure than Nb should be decreased by the relatively long exposure at high temperature to the high vacuum environment. After application of the single crystal process, the surfaces of the Nb tubes are bright and shiny, and the tube resembles an electro polished Nb tube. For these reasons, there is interest in single crystal Nb tubes and in a process that will produce single crystal tubes. To convert a polycrystalline niobium tube into a single crystal, the tube is heated to within a few hundred ?C of the melting temperature of niobium, which is 2477 ?C. RF heating is used to rapidly heat the tube in a narrow zone and after reaching the operating temperature, the hot zone is slowly passed along the length of the tube. For crystallization tests with Nb tubes, the traverse rate was in the range of 1-10 cm per hour. All the crystallization tests in this study were performed in a water-cooled, stainless steel chamber under a vacuum of 5 x10-6 torr or better. In earliest tests of the single crystal growth process, the Nb tubes had an OD of 1.9 cm and a wall thickness of 0.15 mm. With these relatively small Nb tubes, the single crystal process was always successful in producing single crystal tubes. In these early tests, the operating temperature was normally maintained at 2200 ?C, and the traverse rate was 5 cm per hour. In the next test series, the Nb tube size was increased to 3.8 cm OD and the wall thickness was increased 0.18 mm and eventually to 0.21 mm. Again, with these larger tubes, single crystal tubes were usually produced by the crystallization process. The power supply was generally operated at full output during these tests, and the traverse rate was 5 cm per hour. In a few tests, the traverse rate was increased to 10 cm per hour, and at the faster traverse rate, single crystal growth was not achieved. In these tests with a faster traverse rate, it was thought that the tube was not heated to a high enough temperature to achieve single crystal growth. In the next series of tests, the tube OD was unchanged at 3.8 cm and the wall thickness was increased to 0.30 mm. The increased wall thickness made it difficult to reach an operating temperature above 2,000 ?C, and although the single crystal process caused a large increase in the crystal grains, no single crystal tubes were produced. It was assumed that the operating temperature in these tests was not high enough to achieve single crystal growth. In FY 2012, a larger power supply was purchased and installed. With the new power supply, temperatures above the melting point of Nb were easily obtained regardless of the tube thickness. A series of crystallization tests was initiated to determine if indeed the operating temperature of the previous tests was too low to achieve single crystal growth. For these tests, the Nb tube OD remained at 3.8 cm and the wall thickness was 0.30 mm. The first test had an operating temperature of 2,000 ?C. and the operating temperature was increased by 50 ?C increments for each successive test. The final test was very near the Nb melting temperature, and indeed, the Nb tube eventually melted in the center of the tube. These tests showed that higher temperatures did yield larger grain sizes if the traverse rate was held constant at 5 cm per hour, but no single crystal tubes were produced even at the highest operating temperature. In addition, slowing the traverse rate to as low as 1 cm per hour did not yield a single crystal tube regardless of operating temperature. At this time, it
Jet Substructure at the Large Hadron Collider
Christopher K. Vermilion
I explore many aspects of jet substructure at the Large Hadron Collider, ranging from theoretical techniques for jet calculations, to phenomenological tools for better searches with jets, to software for implementing and comparing such tools. I begin with an application of soft-collinear effective theory, an effective theory of QCD applied to high-energy quarks and gluons. This material is taken from Ref. 1, in which we demonstrate factorization and logarithmic resummation for a certain class of observables in electron-positron collisions. I then explore various phenomenological aspects of jet substructure in simulated events. After observing numerous features of jets at hadron colliders, I describe a method -- jet pruning -- for improving searches for heavy particles that decay to one or more jets. This material is a greatly expanded version of Ref. 2. Finally, I give an overview of the software tools available for these kinds of studies, with a focus on SpartyJet, a package for implementing and comparing jet-based analyses I have collaborated on. Several detailed calculations and software examples are given in the appendices. Sections with no new content are italic in the Table of Contents.
Cooling of electronics in collider experiments
Richard P. Stanek et al.
Proper cooling of detector electronics is critical to the successful operation of high-energy physics experiments. Collider experiments offer unique challenges based on their physical layouts and hermetic design. Cooling systems can be categorized by the type of detector with which they are associated, their primary mode of heat transfer, the choice of active cooling fluid, their heat removal capacity and the minimum temperature required. One of the more critical detector subsystems to require cooling is the silicon vertex detector, either pixel or strip sensors. A general design philosophy is presented along with a review of the important steps to include in the design process. Factors affecting the detector and cooling system design are categorized. A brief review of some existing and proposed cooling systems for silicon detectors is presented to help set the scale for the range of system designs. Fermilab operates two collider experiments, CDF & D0, both of which have silicon systems embedded in their detectors. A review of the existing silicon cooling system designs and operating experience is presented along with a list of lessons learned.
Neutrino factory and muon collider collaboration R and D activities
Zisman, Michael S.; Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaborat
The Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration (MC) comprises about 140 U.S. and non-U.S. accelerator and particle physicists. The MC is carrying out an R and D program aimed at validating the critical design concepts required for the construction of such machines. We are committed to encouraging international cooperation and coordination of the R and D effort. Main activities of the MC include a Targetry program, a MUCOOL program, a component development program, and a theory and simulation effort. Moreover, the MC has participated in several feasibility studies for a complete Neutrino Factory facility, with the aim of identifying any additional R and D activities needed to prepare a Zeroth-order Design Report (ZDR) in about two years and a Conceptual Design report (CDR) about two years thereafter. In this paper, the R and D goals in each area will be indicated, and the present status and future plans of the R and D program will be described.
Science Requirements and Conceptual Design for a Polarized Medium Energy Electron-Ion Collider at Jlab
Abeyratne, S; Ahmed, S; Barber, D; Bisognano, J; Bogacz, A; Castilla, A; Chevtsov, P; Corneliussen, S; Deconinck, W; Degtiarenko, P; Delayen, J; Derbenev, Ya; DeSilva, S; Douglas, D; Dudnikov, V; Ent, R; Erdelyi, B; Evtushenko, P; Fujii, Yu; Filatov, Yury; Gaskell, D; Geng, R; Guzey, V; Horn, T; Hutton, A; Hyde, C; Johnson, R; Kim, Y; Klein, F; Kondratenko, A; Kondratenko, M; Krafft, G; Li, R; Lin, F; Manikonda, S; Marhauser, F; McKeown, R; Morozov, V; Dadel-Turonski, P; Nissen, E; Ostroumov, P; Pivi, M; Pilat, F; Poelker, M; Prokudin, A; Rimmer, R; Satogata, T; Sayed, H; Spata, M; Sullivan, M; Tennant, C; Terzic, B; Tiefenback, M; Wang, M; Wang, S; Weiss, C; Yunn, B
Researchers have envisioned an electron-ion collider with ion species up to heavy ions, high polarization of electrons and light ions, and a well-matched center-of-mass energy range as an ideal gluon microscope to explore new frontiers of nuclear science. In its most recent Long Range Plan, the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) of the US Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation endorsed such a collider in the form of a 'half-recommendation.' As a response to this science need, Jefferson Lab and its user community have been engaged in feasibility studies of a medium energy polarized electron-ion collider (MEIC), cost-effectively utilizing Jefferson Lab's already existing Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). In close collaboration, this community of nuclear physicists and accelerator scientists has rigorously explored the science case and design concept for this envisioned grand instrument of science. An electron-ion collider embodies the vision of reaching the next frontier in Quantum Chromodynamics - understanding the behavior of hadrons as complex bound states of quarks and gluons. Whereas the 12 GeV Upgrade of CEBAF will map the valence-quark components of the nucleon and nuclear wave functions in detail, an electron-ion collider will determine the largely unknown role sea quarks play and for the first time study the glue that binds all atomic nuclei. The MEIC will allow nuclear scientists to map the spin and spatial structure of quarks and gluons in nucleons, to discover the collective effects of gluons in nuclei, and to understand the emergence of hadrons from quarks and gluons. The proposed electron-ion collider at Jefferson Lab will collide a highly polarized electron beam originating from the CEBAF recirculating superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) linear accelerator (linac) with highly polarized light-ion beams or unpolarized light- to heavy-ion beams from a new ion accelerator and storage complex. Since the very beginning, the design studies at Jefferson Lab have focused on achieving high collider performance, particularly ultrahigh luminosities up to 10{sup 34} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1} per detector with large acceptance, while maintaining high polarization for both the electron and light-ion beams. These are the two key performance requirements of a future electron-ion collider facility as articulated by the NSAC Long Range Plan. In MEIC, a new ion complex is designed specifically to deliver ion beams that match the high bunch repetition and highly polarized electron beam from CEBAF. During the last two years, both development of the science case and optimization of the machine design point toward a medium-energy electron-ion collider as the topmost goal for Jefferson Lab. The MEIC, with relatively compact collider rings, can deliver a luminosity above 10{sup 34} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1} at a center-of-mass energy up to 65 GeV. It offers an electron energy up to 11 GeV, a proton energy up to 100 GeV, and corresponding energies per nucleon for heavy ions with the same magnetic rigidity. This design choice balances the scope of the science program, collider capabilities, accelerator technology innovation, and total project cost. An energy upgrade could be implemented in the future by adding two large collider rings housed in another large tunnel to push the center-of-mass energy up to or exceeding 140 GeV. After careful consideration of an alternative electron energy recovery linac on ion storage ring approach, a ring-ring collider scenario at high bunch repetition frequency was found to offer fully competitive performance while eliminating the uncertainties of challenging R&D on ampere-class polarized electron sources and many-pass energy-recovery linacs (ERLs). The essential new elements of an MEIC facility at Jefferson Lab are an electron storage ring and an entirely new, modern ion acceleration and storage complex. For the high-current electron collider ring, the upgraded 12 GeV CEBAF SRF linac will serve as a full-energy injector, and, if needed, provide top
Electron Cooling of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Benchmarking experiments Also: Cost and schedule. Work in progress. #12;Electron cooling group. Reporting to Thomas Roser systems Yuri Eidelman, electron cooling simulations. Harald Hahn, Superconducting RF and HOMs. AdyElectron Cooling of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: Overview Ilan Ben-Zvi Collider
Electron Cooling of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Electron Cooling of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: Overview Ilan Ben-Zvi Collider-Accelerator Department's Machine Advisory Committee January 2006 #12;Motivation Ę The motivation for electron coolingRHIC are on the DOE's 20 years facilities plan. RHIC luminosity decay (3.5 hours) #12;What is special about cooling
Colliding Laser Pulses for Laser-Plasma Accelerator Injection Control
Geddes, Cameron Guy Robinson
Colliding Laser Pulses for Laser-Plasma Accelerator Injection Control G. R. Plateau, , C. G. R acceleration is a key challenge to achieve compact, reliable, tunable laser-plasma accelerators (LPA) [1, 2]. In colliding pulse injection the beat between multiple laser pulses can be used to control energy, energy
Energy Content of Colliding Plane Waves using Approximate Noether Symmetries
M. Sharif; Saira Waheed
This paper is devoted to study the energy content of colliding plane waves using approximate Noether symmetries. For this purpose, we use approximate Lie symmetry method of Lagrangian for differential equations. We formulate the first-order perturbed Lagrangian for colliding plane electromagnetic and gravitational waves. It is shown that in both cases, there does not exist
CLIC Drive Beam and LHC Based Fel-Nucleus Collider
H. Braun; R. Corsini; S. Sultansoy; O. Yavas
The feasibility of a CLIC-LHC based FEL-nucleus collider is investigated. It is shown that the proposed scheme satisfies all requirements of an ideal photon source for the Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence method. The physics potential of the proposed collider is illustrated for a beam of Pb nuclei.
EIS-0138-S: Superconducting Super Collider, Supplemental, Waxahatchie, Texas
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The U.S. Department of Energy developed this supplementary statement to analyze the environmental impacts of design modifications to the Superconducting Super Collider that were made following the publication of the Record of Decision that selected Ellis County, Texas, as the location of the laboratory facility. This statement supplements DOE/EIS-0138, Superconducting Super Collider.
T. T. Moh
goal of this course is to enable you to recognize linear algebra problems ... descriptions of other people's solutions to problems that use linear algebra and to
The program in muon and neutrino physics: Superbeams, cold muon beams, neutrino factory and the muon collider
R. Raja et al.
The concept of a Muon Collider was first proposed by Budker [10] and by Skrinsky [11] in the 60s and early 70s. However, there was little substance to the concept until the idea of ionization cooling was developed by Skrinsky and Parkhomchuk [12]. The ionization cooling approach was expanded by Neufer [13] and then by Palmer [14], whose work led to the formation of the Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration (MC) [3] in 1995. The concept of a neutrino source based on a pion storage ring was originally considered by Koshkarev [18]. However, the intensity of the muons created within the ring from pion decay was too low to provide a useful neutrino source. The Muon Collider concept provided a way to produce a very intense muon source. The physics potential of neutrino beams produced by muon storage rings was investigated by Geer in 1997 at a Fermilab workshop [19, 20] where it became evident that the neutrino beams produced by muon storage rings needed for the muon collider were exciting on their own merit. The neutrino factory concept quickly captured the imagination of the particle physics community, driven in large part by the exciting atmospheric neutrino deficit results from the SuperKamiokande experiment. As a result, the MC realized that a Neutrino Factory could be an important first step toward a Muon Collider and the physics that could be addressed by a Neutrino Factory was interesting in its own right. With this in mind, the MC has shifted its primary emphasis toward the issues relevant to a Neutrino Factory. There is also considerable international activity on Neutrino Factories, with international conferences held at Lyon in 1999, Monterey in 2000 [21], Tsukuba in 2001 [22], and another planned for London in 2002.
International Policy International Development
Watson, Andrew
Research Strategy 2006-2009 International Policy Energy Adaptation International Development Coasts Change Research. Our strategy builds upon our previous work on integrated assessment, energy, adaptation of time. In this spirit, the Centre reconfirms its vision statement: "The Tyndall Centre is the UK network
A feedback microprocessor for hadron colliders
Herrup, D.A.; Chapman, L.; Franck, A.; Groves, T.; Lublinsky, B.
A feedback microprocessor has been built for the TEVATRON. It has been constructed to be applicable to hadron colliders in general. Its inputs are realtime accelerator measurements, data describing the state of the TEVATRON, and ramp tables. The microprocessor software includes a finite state machine. Each state corresponds to a specific TEVATRON operation and has a state-specific TEVATRON model. Transitions between states are initiated by the global TEVATRON clock. Each state includes a cyclic routine which is called periodically and where all calculations are performed. The output corrections are inserted onto a fast TEVATRON-wide link from which the power supplies will read the realtime corrections. We also store all of the input data and output corrections in a set of buffers which can easily be retrieved for diagnostic analysis. In this paper we will describe this device and its use to control the TEVATRON tunes as well as other possible applications.
A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN
J. L. Abelleira Fernandez; C. Adolphsen; P. Adzic; A. N. Akay; H. Aksakal; J. L. Albacete; B. Allanach; S. Alekhin; P. Allport; V. Andreev; R. B. Appleby; E. Arikan; N. Armesto; G. Azuelos; M. Bai; D. Barber; J. Bartels; O. Behnke; J. Behr; A. S. Belyaev; I. Ben-Zvi; N. Bernard; S. Bertolucci; S. Bettoni; S. Biswal; J. Bl³mlein; H. B÷ttcher; A. Bogacz; C. Bracco; J. Bracinik; G. Brandt; H. Braun; S. Brodsky; O. Br³ning; E. Bulyak; A. Buniatyan; H. Burkhardt; I. T. Cakir; O. Cakir; R. Calaga; A. Caldwell; V. Cetinkaya; V. Chekelian; E. Ciapala; R. Ciftci; A. K. Ciftci; B. A. Cole; J. C. Collins; O. Dadoun; J. Dainton; A. De. Roeck; D. d'Enterria; P. DiNezza; M. D'Onofrio; A. Dudarev; A. Eide; R. Enberg; E. Eroglu; K. J. Eskola; L. Favart; M. Fitterer; S. Forte; A. Gaddi; P. Gambino; H. GarcĒa Morales; T. Gehrmann; P. Gladkikh; C. Glasman; A. Glazov; R. Godbole; B. Goddard; T. Greenshaw; A. Guffanti; V. Guzey; C. Gwenlan; T. Han; Y. Hao; F. Haug; W. Herr; A. Hervķ; B. J. Holzer; M. Ishitsuka; M. Jacquet; B. Jeanneret; E. Jensen; J. M. Jimenez; J. M. Jowett; H. Jung; H. Karadeniz; D. Kayran; A. Kilic; K. Kimura; R. Klees; M. Klein; U. Klein; T. Kluge; F. Kocak; M. Korostelev; A. Kosmicki; P. Kostka; H. Kowalski; M. Kraemer; G. Kramer; D. Kuchler; M. Kuze; T. Lappi; P. Laycock; E. Levichev; S. Levonian; V. N. Litvinenko; A. Lombardi; J. Maeda; C. Marquet; B. Mellado; K. H. Mess; A. Milanese; J. G. Milhano; S. Moch; I. I. Morozov; Y. Muttoni; S. Myers; S. Nandi; Z. Nergiz; P. R. Newman; T. Omori; J. Osborne; E. Paoloni; Y. Papaphilippou; C. Pascaud; H. Paukkunen; E. Perez; T. Pieloni; E. Pilicer; B. Pire; R. Placakyte; A. Polini; V. Ptitsyn; Y. Pupkov; V. Radescu; S. Raychaudhuri; L. Rinolfi; E. Rizvi; R. Rohini; J. Rojo; S. Russenschuck; M. Sahin; C. A. Salgado; K. Sampei; R. Sassot; E. Sauvan; M. Schaefer; U. Schneekloth; T. Sch÷rner-Sadenius; D. Schulte; A. Senol; A. Seryi; P. Sievers; A. N. Skrinsky; W. Smith; D. South; H. Spiesberger; A. M. Stasto; M. Strikman; M. Sullivan; S. Sultansoy; Y. P. Sun; B. Surrow; L. Szymanowski; P. Taels; I. Tapan; T. Tasci; E. Tassi; H. Ten. Kate; J. Terron; H. Thiesen; L. Thompson; P. Thompson; K. Tokushuku; R. Tomßs GarcĒa; D. Tommasini; D. Trbojevic; N. Tsoupas; J. Tuckmantel; S. Turkoz; T. N. Trinh; K. Tywoniuk; G. Unel; T. Ullrich; J. Urakawa; P. VanMechelen; A. Variola; R. Veness; A. Vivoli; P. Vobly; J. Wagner; R. Wallny; S. Wallon; G. Watt; C. Weiss; U. A. Wiedemann; U. Wienands; F. Willeke; B. -W. Xiao; V. Yakimenko; A. F. Zarnecki; Z. Zhang; F. Zimmermann; R. Zlebcik; F. Zomer
This document provides a brief overview of the recently published report on the design of the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), which comprises its physics programme, accelerator physics, technology and main detector concepts. The LHeC exploits and develops challenging, though principally existing, accelerator and detector technologies. This summary is complemented by brief illustrations of some of the highlights of the physics programme, which relies on a vastly extended kinematic range, luminosity and unprecedented precision in deep inelastic scattering. Illustrations are provided regarding high precision QCD, new physics (Higgs, SUSY) and electron-ion physics. The LHeC is designed to run synchronously with the LHC in the twenties and to achieve an integrated luminosity of O(100) fb$^{-1}$. It will become the cleanest high resolution microscope of mankind and will substantially extend as well as complement the investigation of the physics of the TeV energy scale, which has been enabled by the LHC.
A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN
Abelleira Fernandez, J L; Adzic, P; Akay, A N; Aksakal, H; Albacete, J L; Allanach, B; Alekhin, S; Allport, P; Andreev, V; Appleby, R B; Arikan, E; Armesto, N; Azuelos, G; Bai, M; Barber, D; Bartels, J; Behnke, O; Behr, J; Belyaev, A S; Ben-Zvi, I; Bernard, N; Bertolucci, S; Bettoni, S; Biswal, S; Blumlein, J; Bottcher, H; Bogacz, A; Bracco, C; Bracinik, J; Brandt, G; Braun, H; Brodsky, S; Bruning, O; Bulyak, E; Buniatyan, A; Burkhardt, H; Cakir, I T; Cakir, O; Calaga, R; Caldwell, A; Cetinkaya, V; Chekelian, V; Ciapala, E; Ciftci, R; Ciftci, A K; Cole, B A; Collins, J C; Dadoun, O; Dainton, J; Roeck, A.De; d'Enterria, D; DiNezza, P; Dudarev, A; Eide, A; Enberg, R; Eroglu, E; Eskola, K J; Favart, L; Fitterer, M; Forte, S; Gaddi, A; Gambino, P; Garcia Morales, H; Gehrmann, T; Gladkikh, P; Glasman, C; Glazov, A; Godbole, R; Goddard, B; Greenshaw, T; Guffanti, A; Guzey, V; Gwenlan, C; Han, T; Hao, Y; Haug, F; Herr, W; Herve, A; Holzer, B J; Ishitsuka, M; Jacquet, M; Jeanneret, B; Jensen, E; Jimenez, J M; Jowett, J M; Jung, H; Karadeniz, H; Kayran, D; Kilic, A; Kimura, K; Klees, R; Klein, M; Klein, U; Kluge, T; Kocak, F; Korostelev, M; Kosmicki, A; Kostka, P; Kowalski, H; Kraemer, M; Kramer, G; Kuchler, D; Kuze, M; Lappi, T; Laycock, P; Levichev, E; Levonian, S; Litvinenko, V N; Lombardi, A; Maeda, J; Marquet, C; Mellado, B; Mess, K H; Milanese, A; Milhano, J G; Moch, S; Morozov, I I; Muttoni, Y; Myers, S; Nandi, S; Nergiz, Z; Newman, P R; Omori, T; Osborne, J; Paoloni, E; Papaphilippou, Y; Pascaud, C; Paukkunen, H; Perez, E; Pieloni, T; Pilicer, E; Pire, B; Placakyte, R; Polini, A; Ptitsyn, V; Pupkov, Y; Radescu, V; Raychaudhuri, S; Rinolfi, L; Rizvi, E; Rohini, R; Rojo, J; Russenschuck, S; Sahin, M; Salgado, C A; Sampei, K; Sassot, R; Sauvan, E; Schaefer, M; Schneekloth, U; Schorner-Sadenius, T; Schulte, D; Senol, A; Seryi, A; Sievers, P; Skrinsky, A N; Smith, W; South, D; Spiesberger, H; Stasto, A M; Strikman, M; Sullivan, M; Sultansoy, S; Sun, Y P; Surrow, B; Szymanowski, L; Taels, P; Tapan, I; Tasci, T; Tassi, E; Kate, H.Ten; Terron, J; Thiesen, H; Thompson, L; Thompson, P; Tokushuku, K; Tomas Garcia, R; Tommasini, D; Trbojevic, D; Tsoupas, N; Tuckmantel, J; Turkoz, S; Trinh, T N; Tywoniuk, K; Unel, G; Ullrich, T; Urakawa, J; VanMechelen, P; Variola, A; Veness, R; Vivoli, A; Vobly, P; Wagner, J; Wallny, R; Wallon, S; Watt, G; Weiss, C; Wiedemann, U A; Wienands, U; Willeke, F; Xiao, B W; Yakimenko, V; Zarnecki, A F; Zhang, Z; Zimmermann, F; Zlebcik, R; Zomer, F
This document provides a brief overview of the recently published report on the design of the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), which comprises its physics programme, accelerator physics, technology and main detector concepts. The LHeC exploits and develops challenging, though principally existing, accelerator and detector technologies. This summary is complemented by brief illustrations of some of the highlights of the physics programme, which relies on a vastly extended kinematic range, luminosity and unprecedented precision in deep inelastic scattering. Illustrations are provided regarding high precision QCD, new physics (Higgs, SUSY) and electron-ion physics. The LHeC is designed to run synchronously with the LHC in the twenties and to achieve an integrated luminosity of O(100) fb$^{-1}$. It will become the cleanest high resolution microscope of mankind and will substantially extend as well as complement the investigation of the physics of the TeV energy scale, which has been enabled by the LHC.
Collider Phenomenology with Split-UED
Kong, Kyoungchul; /SLAC; Park, Seong Chan; /Tokyo U., IPMU; Rizzo, Thomas G.; /SLAC
We investigate the collider implications of Split Universal Extra Dimensions. The non-vanishing fermion mass in the bulk, which is consistent with the KK-parity, largely modifies the phenomenology of Minimal Universal Extra Dimensions. We scrutinize the behavior of couplings and study the discovery reach of the Tevatron and the LHC for level-2 Kaluza-Klein modes in the dilepton channel, which would indicates the presence of the extra dimensions. Observation of large event rates for dilepton resonances can result from a nontrivial fermion mass profile along the extra dimensions, which, in turn, may corroborate extra dimensional explanation for the observation of the positron excess in cosmic rays. The Minimal Universal Extra Dimensions scenario has received great attention. Recently non-vanishing bulk fermion masses have been introduced without spoiling the virtue of KK-parity. The fermion profiles are no longer simple sine/cosine functions and depend upon the specific values of bulk parameters. The profiles of fermions are split along the extra dimensions while the wave functions of the bosons remain the same as in UED. A simple introduction of a KK-parity conserving bulk fermion mass has significant influences on collider aspects as well as astrophysical implications of UED. For instance, the DM annihilation fraction into certain SM fermion pairs is either enhanced or reduced (compared to the MUED case) so that one can perhaps explain the PAMELA positron excess while suppressing the anti-proton flux. In this paper, we have concentrated on collider phenomenology of Split Universal Extra Dimensions. We have revisited the KK decomposition in detail and analyzed wave function overlaps to compute relevant couplings for collider studies. We have discussed general collider implication for level-1 KK modes and level-2 KK with non-zero bulk mass and have computed LHC reach for the EW level-2 KK bosons, {gamma}{sub 2} and Z{sub 2}, in the dilepton channel. The LHC should able to cover the large parameter space (up to M{sub V{sub 2}} {approx} 1.5 TeV for {mu}L {ge} 1) even with early data assuming {approx}100 pb{sup -1} or less. The existence of double resonances is one essential feature arising from extra dimensional models. Whether or not one can see double resonances depends both on how degenerate the two resonances are and on the mass resolution of the detector. The very high P{sub T} from the decay makes resolution in dimuon channel worse than in dielectron final state. This is because one can reconstruct electron from ECAL but muon momentum reconstruction relies on its track, which is barely curved in this case. Further indication for SUED might be the discovery of W'-like signature of mass close to Z{sub 2}. The MUED predicts a somewhat lower event rate due to 1-loop suppressed coupling of level-2 bosons to SM fermion pair, while it exists at tree level in SUED. Therefore in UED, one has to rely on indirect production of level-2 bosons, whose collider study requires complete knowledge of the model: the mass spectrum and all the couplings. On the other hand, in the large {mu} limit of SUED, the dependence on mass spectrum is diminished since level-2 KK bosons decay only into SM fermion pairs. This allows us to estimate the signal rate from their direct production, so that they can be discovered at the early phase of the LHC. The indirect production mechanism only increases production cross sections, improving our results. Once a discovery has been made, one should try to reconstruct events and do further measurements such as spin and coupling determination, with more accumulated data, which might discriminate KK resonances from other Z' models. The coupling measurement is directly related to the determination of the bulk masses. A challenging issue might be the existence of two resonances which are rather close to each other.
Alignment tolerance of accelerating structures and corrections for future linear colliders
Kubo, K.; Adolphsen, C.; Bane, K.L.F.; Raubenheimer, T.O.; Thompson, K.A.
The alignment tolerance of accelerating structures is estimated by tracking simulations. Both single-bunch and multi-bunch effects are taken into account. Correction schemes for controlling the single and multi-bunch emittance growth in the case of large misalignment are also tested by simulations.
Overview of the data acquisition electronics system design for the SLAC Linear Collider Detector (SLD)
Larsen, R.S.
The SLD Detector will contain five major electronics subsystems: Vertex, Drift, Liquid Argon Calorimeter, Cerenkov Ring Imaging, and Warm Iron Calorimeter. To implement the approximately 170,000 channels of electronics, extensive miniaturization and heavy use of multiplexing techniques are required. Design criteria for each subsystem, overall system architecture, and the R and D program are described.
Detector for the Linear Collider General Detector Concepts and Detector Performance
Conveners: M. Martinez, D.J. Miller, M. Piccolo Working Group: A. Andreazza, M. Battaglia, G. Blair, G. A d, A. Andreazza, P. Bambade, T. Barklow, W. Bartel, M. Battaglia, R. Bellanzzini, S. Bertolucci, G
Linear Collider LHC Subpanel | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645U.S. DOEThe Bonneville PowerCherries 82981-1cnHigh SchoolIn12electron 9 5Let us countLighting SignLiisaLin Wang
A Beam Driven Plasma-Wakefield Linear Collider: From Higgs Factory to Multi-TeV
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742EnergyOnItem Not Found Item Not Found The item youTheWSRC-TR-97-0100WHITE.3RD MIAMI
A Beam Driven Plasma-Wakefield Linear Collider: From Higgs Factory to
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645U.S. DOE Office of ScienceandMesa del(ANL-IN-03-032) -Less isNFebruaryOctober 2, AlgeriaQ1 Q2 Q3 Ut68AJ02)5A
Jabeen, Shabnam
This review summarizes the recent results for top quark and Higgs boson measurements from experiments at Tevatron, a proton¢antiproton collider at a center-of-mass energy of ? s =1 . 96 TeV, and the Large Hadron Collider, a proton¢proton collider at a center- of-mass energy of ? s = 7 TeV. These results include the discovery of a Higgs-like boson and measurement of its various properties, and measurements in the top quark sector, e.g. top quark mass, spin, charge asymmetry and production of single top quark.
H and A Discrimination using Linear Polarization of Photons at the PLC
A. F. Zarnecki; P. Niezurawski; M. Krawczyk
First realistic estimate of the usefulness of the Photon Linear Collider with linearly polarized photons as analyzer of the CP-parity of Higgs bosons is presented. MSSM Higgs bosons H and A with 300 GeV mass, for the model parameters corresponding to the so called "LHC wedge" region, are considered. When switching from circular to linear photon polarization a significant increase in heavy quark production background, which is no longer suppressed by helicity conservation, and decrease of the Higgs boson production cross sections by a factor of two is expected. Nevertheless, after three years of Photon Linear Collider running heavy scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs bosons in MSSM can be distinguished at a 4.5 sigma level.
Linearized theory of peridynamic states.
Silling, Stewart Andrew
A state-based peridynamic material model describes internal forces acting on a point in terms of the collective deformation of all the material within a neighborhood of the point. In this paper, the response of a state-based peridynamic material is investigated for a small deformation superposed on a large deformation. The appropriate notion of a small deformation restricts the relative displacement between points, but it does not involve the deformation gradient (which would be undefined on a crack). The material properties that govern the linearized material response are expressed in terms of a new quantity called the modulus state. This determines the force in each bond resulting from an incremental deformation of itself or of other bonds. Conditions are derived for a linearized material model to be elastic, objective, and to satisfy balance of angular momentum. If the material is elastic, then the modulus state is obtainable from the second Frechet derivative of the strain energy density function. The equation of equilibrium with a linearized material model is a linear Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. An analogue of Poincare's theorem is proved that applies to the infinite dimensional space of all peridynamic vector states, providing a condition similar to irrotationality in vector calculus.
A feedback microprocessor for hadron colliders
Herrup, D.A.; Chapman, L.; Franck, A.; Groves, T.; Lublinsky, B. (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510 (United States))
A feedback microprocessor has been built for the Tevatron. It has been constructed to be applicable to hadron colliders in general. Its inputs are realtime accelerator measurements, data describing the state of the Tevatron, and ramp tables. The microprocessor software includes a finite-state machine. Each state corresponds to a specific Tevatron operation and has a state-specific Tevatron model. Transitions between states are initiated by the global Tevatron clock. Each state includes a cyclic routine, which is called periodically and where all calculations are performed. The output corrections are inserted onto a fast Tevatron-wide link from which the power supplies will read the real time corrections. We also store all of the input data and output corrections in a set of buffers that can easily be retrieved for diagnostic analysis. In this paper we describe this device and its use to control the Tevatron tunes as well as other possible applications. [copyright] 1995 [ital American] [ital Institute] [ital of] [ital Physics
Weak Boson Emission in Hadron Collider Processes
U. Baur
The O(alpha) virtual weak radiative corrections to many hadron collider processes are known to become large and negative at high energies, due to the appearance of Sudakov-like logarithms. At the same order in perturbation theory, weak boson emission diagrams contribute. Since the W and Z bosons are massive, the O(alpha) virtual weak radiative corrections and the contributions from weak boson emission are separately finite. Thus, unlike in QED or QCD calculations, there is no technical reason for including gauge boson emission diagrams in calculations of electroweak radiative corrections. In most calculations of the O(alpha) electroweak radiative corrections, weak boson emission diagrams are therefore not taken into account. Another reason for not including these diagrams is that they lead to final states which differ from that of the original process. However, in experiment, one usually considers partially inclusive final states. Weak boson emission diagrams thus should be included in calculations of electroweak radiative corrections. In this paper, I examine the role of weak boson emission in those processes at the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN LHC for which the one-loop electroweak radiative corrections are known to become large at high energies (inclusive jet, isolated photon, Z+1 jet, Drell-Yan, di-boson, t-bar t, and single top production). In general, I find that the cross section for weak boson emission is substantial at high energies and that weak boson emission and the O(alpha) virtual weak radiative corrections partially cancel.
Rf System Requirements for JLabÆs MEIC Collider Ring
Wang, Shaoheng [JLAB; Li, Rui [JLAB; Rimmer, Robert A. [JLAB; Wang, Haipeng [JLAB; Zhang, Yuhong [JLAB
The Medium-energy Electron Ion Collider (MEIC), proposed by Jefferson Lab, consists of a series of accelerators. At the top energy are the electron and ion collider rings. For the ion ring, it accelerates five long ion bunches to colliding energy and rebunches ions into a train of very short bunches before colliding. A set of low frequency RF system is needed for the long ion bunch energy ramping. Another set of high frequency RF cavities is needed to rebunch ions. For the electron ring, superconducting RF (SRF) cavities are needed to compensate the synchrotron radiation energy loss. The impedance of the SRF cavities must be low enough to keep the high current electron beam stable. The preliminary design requirements of these RF cavities are presented.
High Energy Accelerator and Colliding Beam User Group
Snow, G.A.; Skuja, A.
This report discusses research in the following areas: the study of e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} interactions; Hadron collider physics at Fermilab; fixed target physics and particle physics of general interest; and, the solenoidal detector collaboration at SSCL.
Higgs boson production at hadron colliders: Signal and background processes
David Rainwater; Michael Spira; Dieter Zeppenfeld
We review the theoretical status of signal and background calculations for Higgs boson production at hadron colliders. Particular emphasis is given to missing NLO results, which will play a crucial role for the Tevatron and the LHC.
Prospects of Heavy Neutrino Searches at Future Lepton Colliders
Banerjee, Shankha; Ibarra, Alejandro; Mandal, Tanumoy; Mitra, Manimala
We discuss the future prospects of heavy neutrino searches at next generation lepton colliders. In particular, we focus on the planned electron-positron colliders, operating in two different beam modes, namely, $e^+e^-$ and $e^-e^-$. In the $e^+e^-$ beam mode, we consider various production and decay modes of the heavy neutrino ($N$), and find that the final state with $e+2j+\\slashed{E}$, arising from the $e^+e^-\\to N\
Time evolution of the luminosity of colliding heavy-ion beams in BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN Large Hadron Collider
Bruce, R; Fischer, W; Jowett, J M
We have studied the time evolution of the heavy ion luminosity and bunch intensities in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at BNL, and in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN. First, we present measurements from a large number of RHIC stores (from Run 7), colliding 100 GeV/nucleon 197Au79+ beams without stochastic cooling. These are compared with two different calculation methods. The first is a simulation based on multi-particle tracking taking into account collisions, intrabeam scattering, radiation damping, and synchrotron and betatron motion. In the second, faster, method, a system of ordinary differential equations with terms describing the corresponding effects on emittances and bunch populations is solved numerically. Results of the tracking method agree very well with the RHIC data. With the faster method, significant discrepancies are found since the losses of particles diffusing out of the RF bucket due to intrabeam scattering are not modeled accurately enough. Finally, we use both meth...
Generalized Linear Quadratic Control
Gattami, Ather Said
We consider the problem of stochastic finite- and infinite-horizon linear quadratic control under power constraints. The calculations of the optimal control law can be done off-line as in the classical linear quadratic ...
The Microscopic Linear Dynamics
Penny, Will
The Microscopic Brain Will Penny Linear Dynamics Exponentials Matrix Exponential Eigendecomposition Dynamical Modes Nodes State Space Saddles Oscillations Spirals Centres Offsets Retinal Circuit Nullclines Stability Spiking Neurons Fitzhugh-Nagumo Nonlinear Dynamics Linearization Nonlinear Oscillation Excitable
Zeghib, Abdelghani
Introduction Results Linear Dynamics Lorentz Dynamics Actions of discrete groups on stationary Piccione) Geodeycos Meeting, Lyon, 28-30 April 2010 Abdelghani Zeghib Dynamics on Lorentz manifolds #12;Introduction Results Linear Dynamics Lorentz Dynamics Motivations and questions Examples 1 Introduction
Introduction to Linear Relaxations
Introduction to Linear Relaxations by R. Baker Kearfott Department of Mathematics University relaxations; . discuss validation of linear relaxations. Intro. Linear Relaxations December, 2003 Taylor, . . . , m 2 , where # : R n # R and c i , g i : R n # R are guaranteed to be within one of the x # that has
Inverse neutrinoless double beta decay revisited: Neutrinos, Higgs triplets, and a muon collider
Rodejohann, Werner [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik, Postfach 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg (Germany)
We revisit the process of inverse neutrinoless double beta decay (e{sup -}e{sup -{yields}}W{sup -}W{sup -}) at future linear colliders. The cases of Majorana neutrino and Higgs triplet exchange are considered. We also discuss the processes e{sup -{mu}-{yields}}W{sup -}W{sup -} and {mu}{sup -{mu}-{yields}}W{sup -}W{sup -}, which are motivated by the possibility of muon colliders. For heavy neutrino exchange, we show that masses up to 10{sup 6} (10{sup 5}) GeV could be probed for ee and e{mu} machines, respectively. The stringent limits for mixing of heavy neutrinos with muons render {mu}{sup -{mu}-{yields}}W{sup -}W{sup -} less promising, even though this process is not constrained by limits from neutrinoless double beta decay. If Higgs triplets are responsible for inverse neutrinoless double beta decay, observable signals are only possible if a very narrow resonance is met. We also consider unitarity aspects of the process in case both Higgs triplets and neutrinos are exchanged. An exact seesaw relation connecting low energy data with heavy neutrino and triplet parameters is found.
Demmel, James; Holtz, Olga; Dumitriu, Ioana
than other basic linear algebra subroutines. AcknowledgmentsApplied Numerical Linear Algebra. SIAM, 1997. [23] J.algorithms in numerical linear algebra. SIAM Review, 20:740¢
A 233 km tunnel for lepton and hadron colliders
Summers, D. J.; Cremaldi, L. M.; Datta, A.; Duraisamy, M.; Luo, T.; Lyons, G. T. [Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Mississippi-Oxford, University, MS 38677 (United States)
A decade ago, a cost analysis was conducted to bore a 233 km circumference Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC) tunnel passing through Fermilab. Here we outline implementations of e{sup +}e{sup -}, pp-bar , and {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} collider rings in this tunnel using recent technological innovations. The 240 and 500 GeV e{sup +}e{sup -} colliders employ Crab Waist Crossings, ultra low emittance damped bunches, short vertical IP focal lengths, superconducting RF, and low coercivity, grain oriented silicon steel/concrete dipoles. Some details are also provided for a high luminosity 240 GeV e{sup +}e{sup -} collider and 1.75 TeV muon accelerator in a Fermilab site filler tunnel. The 40 TeV pp-bar collider uses the high intensity Fermilab p-bar source, exploits high cross sections for pp-bar production of high mass states, and uses 2 Tesla ultra low carbon steel/YBCO superconducting magnets run with liquid neon. The 35 TeV muon ring ramps the 2 Tesla superconducting magnets at 9 Hz every 0.4 seconds, uses 250 GV of superconducting RF to accelerate muons from 1.75 to 17.5 TeV in 63 orbits with 71% survival, and mitigates neutrino radiation with phase shifting, roller coaster motion in a FODO lattice.
Using Linearity Web Copyright 2007
Rodriguez, Carlos
Using Linearity Web Rev. 2.0 May 2007 Copyright ® 2007 #12;Using Linearity Web i Contents Introduction to Linearity Web.............................................................................1 Features, Benefits, and Value of Linearity Web..............................................1 Before You
R&D Toward a Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider
Zisman, Michael S
Significant progress has been made in recent years in R&D towards a neutrino factory and muon collider. The U.S. Muon Accelerator Program (MAP) has been formed recently to expedite the R&D efforts. This paper will review the U.S. MAP R&D programs for a neutrino factory and muon collider. Muon ionization cooling research is the key element of the program. The first muon ionization cooling demonstration experiment, MICE (Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment), is under construction now at RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory) in the UK. The current status of MICE will be described.
Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF): Data from B Hadrons Research
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) is a Tevatron experiment at Fermilab. The Tevatron, a powerful particle accelerator, accelerates protons and antiprotons close to the speed of light, and then makes them collide head-on inside the CDF detector. The CDF detector is used to study the products of such collisions. The CDF Physics Group is organized into six working groups, each with a specific focus. The Bottom group studies the production and decay of B hadrons. Their public web page makes data and numerous figures available from both CDF Runs I and II.
A concept of the photon collider beam dump
L. I. Shekhtman; V. I. Telnov
Photon beams at photon colliders are very narrow, powerful (10--15 MW) and cannot be spread by fast magnets (because photons are neutral). No material can withstand such energy density. For the ILC-based photon collider, we suggest using a 150 m long, pressurized (P ~ 4 atm) argon gas target in front of a water absorber which solves the overheating and mechanical stress problems. The neutron background at the interaction point is estimated and additionally suppressed using a 20 m long hydrogen gas target in front of the argon.
W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy; Florentin Smarandache
In this book, the authors introduce the notion of Super linear algebra and super vector spaces using the definition of super matrices defined by Horst (1963). This book expects the readers to be well-versed in linear algebra. Many theorems on super linear algebra and its properties are proved. Some theorems are left as exercises for the reader. These new class of super linear algebras which can be thought of as a set of linear algebras, following a stipulated condition, will find applications in several fields using computers. The authors feel that such a paradigm shift is essential in this computerized world. Some other structures ought to replace linear algebras which are over a century old. Super linear algebras that use super matrices can store data not only in a block but in multiple blocks so it is certainly more powerful than the usual matrices. This book has 3 chapters. Chapter one introduces the notion of super vector spaces and enumerates a number of properties. Chapter two defines the notion of super linear algebra, super inner product spaces and super bilinear forms. Several interesting properties are derived. The main application of these new structures in Markov chains and Leontief economic models are also given in this chapter. The final chapter suggests 161 problems mainly to make the reader understand this new concept and apply them.
Martin Ennals est secrķtaire gķnķral d'Amnesty International et fait un discours sur les droits de l'homme
Time evolution of the luminosity of colliding heavy-ion beams in BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN Large Hadron Collider
R. Bruce; M. Blaskiewicz; W. Fischer; J. M. Jowett
We have studied the time evolution of the heavy ion luminosity and bunch intensities in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at BNL, and in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN. First, we present measurements from a large number of RHIC stores (from Run 7), colliding 100 GeV/nucleon Au beams without stochastic cooling. These are compared with two different calculation methods. The first is a simulation based on multi-particle tracking taking into account collisions, intrabeam scattering, radiation damping, and synchrotron and betatron motion. In the second, faster, method, a system of ordinary differential equations with terms describing the corresponding effects on emittances and bunch populations is solved numerically. Results of the tracking method agree very well with the RHIC data. With the faster method, significant discrepancies are found since the losses of particles diffusing out of the RF bucket due to intrabeam scattering are not modeled accurately enough. Finally, we use both methods to make predictions of the time evolution of the future Pb beams in the LHC at injection and collision energy. For this machine, the two methods agree well.
University of Technology, Sydney
COURSE GUIDE 2013 UTS: ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL UNDERGRADUATE w w w.eng.uts.edu.au #12;2 / ENGINEERING IN AUSTRALIA Internationally, Australian universities have a reputation for high quality research developed close links with many international institutions, particularly in Asia. ENGINEERING IN SYDNEY
A Detector Scenario for the MuonCollider Cooling Experiment
McDonald, Kirk
: Meson Lab at Fermilab: Power Supplies (two floors) Cooling Apparatus Muon Beamline shielding shieldingA Detector Scenario for the MuonŁCollider Cooling Experiment C. Lu, K.T. McDonald and E.J. Prebys the emittance of the muon beam to 3% accuracy before and after the muon cooling apparatus. 1 #12; Possible site
Neutralinos in Vector Boson Fusion at High Energy Colliders
Berlin, Asher; Low, Matthew; Wang, Lian-Tao
Discovering dark matter at high energy colliders continues to be a compelling and well-motivated possibility. Weakly interacting massive particles are a particularly interesting class in which the dark matter particles interact with the standard model weak gauge bosons. Neutralinos are a prototypical example that arise in supersymmetric models. In the limit where all other superpartners are decoupled, it is known that for relic density motivated masses, the rates for neutralinos are too small to be discovered at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), but that they may be large enough for a 100 TeV collider to observe. In this work we perform a careful study in the vector boson fusion channel for pure winos and pure higgsinos. We find that given a systematic uncertainty of 1% (5%), with 3000 fb$^{-1}$, the LHC is sensitive to winos of 240 GeV (125 GeV) and higgsinos of 125 GeV (55 GeV). A future 100 TeV collider would be sensitive to winos of 1.1 TeV (750 GeV) and higgsinos of 530 GeV (180 GeV) with a 1% (5%) uncert...
Charge Separation for Muon Collider Cooling
Palmer, R.B.; Fernow; R.C.
Most schemes for six dimensional muon ionization cooling work for only one sign. It is then necessary to have charge separation prior to that cooling. Schemes of charge separation using bent solenoids are described, and their simulated performances reported. It is found that for efficient separation, it should take place at somewhat higher momenta than commonly used for the cooling. Charge separation using bent solenoids can be effective if carefully designed. Bent solenoids can generate dispersion from 'momentum drift', but can spoil emittance from 'amplitude drift'. Abrupt entry into a bent solenoid causes emittance growth, but matching using integral {lambda} lengths, or Norem's method, corrects this problem. Reverse bending removes the dispersion and reduces 'amplitude drift', but only if there is no rf until after all bending. The main problem is bunch lengthening and distortion from the long transports without rf. At 230 MeV/c, even with a higher field of 3 T, non-linearities increase the 6D emittance by 117% and give 13% loss, which is not acceptable. Raising the momentum from 230 to 300 MeV gives a 6D emittance growth of 38% and the loss 5%, which may be acceptable. Raising the momentum further to 400 MeV/c gives very good results: 6D growth of 24% and 2.5% loss. Further optimization should include the acceleration to the higher momenta prior to the separation, and the higher momentum cooling immediately after it. The longitudinal phase space prior to the separation should be rotated to minimize the total bunch lengthening.
Higgs-boson production at the Photon Collider at TESLA
Piotr Niezurawski
In this thesis feasibility of the precise measurement of the Higgs-boson production cross section gamma+gamma->higgs->b+bbar at the Photon Collider at TESLA is studied in detail. The study is based on the realistic luminosity spectra simulation. The heavy quark background is estimated using the dedicated code based on NLO QCD calculations. Other background processes, which were neglected in the earlier analyses, are also studied. Also the contribution from the overlaying events, gamma+gamma->hadrons, is taken into account. The non-zero beam crossing angle and the finite size of colliding bunches are included in the event generation. The analysis is based on the full detector simulation with realistic b-tagging, and the criteria of event selection are optimized separately for each considered Higgs-boson mass. For the Standard-Model Higgs boson with mass of 120 to 160 GeV the partial width \\Gamma(h->gamma+gamma)BR(h->b+bbar) can be measured with a statistical accuracy of 2.1-7.7% after one year of the Photon Collider running. The systematic uncertainties of the measurement are estimated to be of the order of 2%. For MSSM Higgs bosons A and H, for M_A=200-350 GeV and tan(beta)=7, the statistical precision of the cross-section measurement is estimated to be 8--34%, for four considered MSSM parameters sets. As heavy neutral Higgs bosons in this scenario may not be discovered at LHC or at the first stage of the e+e- collider, an opportunity of being a discovery machine is also studied for the Photon Collider.
Collider shot setup for Run 2 observations and suggestions
Annala, J.; Joshel, B.
This note is intended to provoke discussion on Collider Run II shot setup. We hope this is a start of activities that will converge on a functional description of what is needed for shot setups in Collider Run II. We will draw on observations of the present shot setup to raise questions and make suggestions for the next Collider run. It is assumed that the reader has some familiarity with the Collider operational issues. Shot setup is defined to be the time between the end of a store and the time the Main Control Room declares colliding beams. This is the time between Tevatron clock events SCE and SCB. This definition does not consider the time experiments use to turn on their detectors. This analysis was suggested by David Finley. The operational scenarios for Run II will require higher levels of reliability and speed for shot setup. See Appendix I and II. For example, we estimate that a loss of 3 pb{sup {minus}1}/week (with 8 hour stores) will occur if shot setups take 90 minutes instead of 30 minutes. In other words: If you do 12 shots for one week and accept an added delay of one minute in each shot, you will loose more than 60 nb{sup {minus}1} for that week alone (based on a normal shot setup of 30 minutes). These demands should lead us to be much more pedantic about all the factors that affect shot setups. Shot setup will be viewed as a distinct process that is composed of several inter- dependent `components`: procedures, hardware, controls, and sociology. These components don`t directly align with the different Accelerator Division departments, but are topical groupings of the needed accelerator functions. Defining these components, and categorizing our suggestions within them, are part of the goal of this document. Of course, some suggestions span several of these components.
Physics and Analysis at a Hadron Collider - An Introduction (1/3)
This is the first lecture of three which together discuss the physics of hadron colliders with an emphasis on experimental techniques used for data analysis. This first lecture provides a brief introduction to hadron collider physics and collider detector experiments as well as offers some analysis guidelines. The lectures are aimed at graduate students.
Linear Motor Powered Transportation
Thornton, Richard D.
This special issue on linear-motor powered transportation covers both supporting technologies and innovative transport systems in various parts of the World, as this technology moves from the lab to commercial operations. ...
Physics validation studies for muon collider detector background simulations
Morris, Aaron Owen; /Northern Illinois U.
Within the broad discipline of physics, the study of the fundamental forces of nature and the most basic constituents of the universe belongs to the field of particle physics. While frequently referred to as 'high-energy physics,' or by the acronym 'HEP,' particle physics is not driven just by the quest for ever-greater energies in particle accelerators. Rather, particle physics is seen as having three distinct areas of focus: the cosmic, intensity, and energy frontiers. These three frontiers all provide different, but complementary, views of the basic building blocks of the universe. Currently, the energy frontier is the realm of hadron colliders like the Tevatron at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) or the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. While the LHC is expected to be adequate for explorations up to 14 TeV for the next decade, the long development lead time for modern colliders necessitates research and development efforts in the present for the next generation of colliders. This paper focuses on one such next-generation machine: a muon collider. Specifically, this paper focuses on Monte Carlo simulations of beam-induced backgrounds vis-a-vis detector region contamination. Initial validation studies of a few muon collider physics background processes using G4beamline have been undertaken and results presented. While these investigations have revealed a number of hurdles to getting G4beamline up to the level of more established simulation suites, such as MARS, the close communication between us, as users, and the G4beamline developer, Tom Roberts, has allowed for rapid implementation of user-desired features. The main example of user-desired feature implementation, as it applies to this project, is Bethe-Heitler muon production. Regarding the neutron interaction issues, we continue to study the specifics of how GEANT4 implements nuclear interactions. The GEANT4 collaboration has been contacted regarding the minor discrepancies in the neutron interaction cross sections for boron. While corrections to the data files themselves are simple to implement and distribute, it is quite possible, however, that coding changes may be required in G4beamline or even in GEANT4 to fully correct nuclear interactions. Regardless, these studies are ongoing and future results will be reflected in updated releases of G4beamline.
Finite element analyses of a linear-accelerator electron gun
Iqbal, M., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Centre for High Energy Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 45590 (Pakistan); Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Wasy, A. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 641773 (Korea, Republic of)] [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 641773 (Korea, Republic of); Islam, G. U. [Centre for High Energy Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 45590 (Pakistan)] [Centre for High Energy Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 45590 (Pakistan); Zhou, Z. [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China)] [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China)
Thermo-structural analyses of the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPCII) linear-accelerator, electron gun, were performed for the gun operating with the cathode at 1000?░C. The gun was modeled in computer aided three-dimensional interactive application for finite element analyses through ANSYS workbench. This was followed by simulations using the SLAC electron beam trajectory program EGUN for beam optics analyses. The simulations were compared with experimental results of the assembly to verify its beam parameters under the same boundary conditions. Simulation and test results were found to be in good agreement and hence confirmed the design parameters under the defined operating temperature. The gun is operating continuously since commissioning without any thermal induced failures for the BEPCII linear accelerator.
Optimization Online - Linear-quadratic control problem with a linear ...
L Faybusovich
Dec 19, 2003 ... Abstract: We describe a complete solution of the linear-quaratic control problem with the linear term in the objective function on a semiinfiniteĀ...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
generators, reactor pressure vessel and internals, cables, piping, pumps, valves) - optimization of nuclear power plant generation capacity (digital I&C upgrades, advanced...
6, 74277469, 2006 Linear ozone
Boyer, Edmond
ACPD 6, 7427Ł7469, 2006 Linear ozone photochemistry parametrizations A. J. Geer et al. Title Page Chemistry and Physics Discussions Evaluation of linear ozone photochemistry parametrizations Linear ozone photochemistry parametrizations A. J. Geer et al. Title Page Abstract Introduction
Higgs Boson Searches at Hadron Colliders (1/4)
In these Academic Training lectures, the phenomenology of Higgs bosons and search strategies at hadron colliders are discussed. After a brief introduction on Higgs bosons in the Standard Model and a discussion of present direct and indirect constraints on its mass the status of the theoretical cross section calculations for Higgs boson production at hadron colliders is reviewed. In the following lectures important experimental issues relevant for Higgs boson searches (trigger, measurements of leptons, jets and missing transverse energy) are presented. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the discovery potential for the Standard Model Higgs boson for both the Tevatron and the LHC experiments. In addition, various scenarios beyond the Standard Model, primarily the MSSM, are considered. Finally, the potential and strategies to measured Higgs boson parameters and the investigation of alternative symmetry breaking scenarios are addressed.
Two-dimensional AMR simulations of colliding flows
Niklaus, Markus; Niemeyer, Jens C
Colliding flows are a commonly used scenario for the formation of molecular clouds in numerical simulations. Due to the thermal instability of the warm neutral medium, turbulence is produced by cooling. We carry out a two-dimensional numerical study of such colliding flows in order to test whether statistical properties inferred from adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations are robust with respect to the applied refinement criteria. We compare probability density functions of various quantities as well as the clump statistics and fractal dimension of the density fields in AMR simulations to a static-grid simulation. The static grid with 2048^2 cells matches the resolution of the most refined subgrids in the AMR simulations. The density statistics is reproduced fairly well by AMR. Refinement criteria based on the cooling time or the turbulence intensity appear to be superior to the standard technique of refinement by overdensity. Nevertheless, substantial differences in the flow structure become apparent. In...
Higgs Boson Searches at Hadron Colliders (1/4)
In these Academic Training lectures, the phenomenology of Higgs bosons and search strategies at hadron colliders are discussed. After a brief introduction on Higgs bosons in the Standard Model and a discussion of present direct and indirect constraints on its mass the status of the theoretical cross section calculations for Higgs boson production at hadron colliders is reviewed. In the following lectures important experimental issues relevant for Higgs boson searches (trigger, measurements of leptons, jets and missing transverse energy) are presented. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the discovery potential for the Standard Model Higgs boson for both the Tevatron and the LHC experiments. In addition, various scenarios beyond the Standard Model, primarily the MSSM, are considered. Finally, the potential and strategies to measured Higgs boson parameters and the investigation of alternative symmetry breaking scenarios are addressed.
Robust Linear Optimization With Recourse
We propose an approach to two-stage linear optimization with recourse that does ... Linear optimization with recourse was first introduced by Dantzig in [17] as aĀ...
Searches For New Physics with High Energy Colliders
E. Sauvan
Recent experimental results of searches for new phenomena performed at high energy colliders are reviewed. The results reported are based on data samples of up to 1 fb^-1 and 4 fb^-1 collected at HERA and at the Tevatron, respectively. No significant evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model has been found and limits at the 95% confidence level have been set on the mass and couplings of several possible new particles.
Learning to See at the Large Hadron Collider
Quigg, Chris
The staged commissioning of the Large Hadron Collider presents an opportunity to map gross features of particle production over a significant energy range. I suggest a visual tool - event displays in (pseudo)rapidity-transverse-momentum space - as a scenic route that may help sharpen intuition, identify interesting classes of events for further investigation, and test expectations about the underlying event that accompanies large-transverse-momentum phenomena.
Testing the noncommutative standard model at a future photon collider
Ohl, Thorsten [Institut fuer Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg (Germany); Reuter, Juergen [Institut fuer Theoretische Teilchenphysik, Universitaet Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe (Germany)
Extensions of the Standard Model of elementary particle physics to noncommutative geometries have been proposed as a low-energy limit of string models. Independent of this motivation, one may consider such a model as an effective field theory with higher-dimensional operators containing an antisymmetric rank-two background field. We study the signals of such a Noncommutative Standard Model (NCSM) and analyze the discovery potential of a future photon collider, considering angular distributions in fermion pair production.
Physics at the Fermilab Tevatron Proton-Antiproton Collider
Geer, S.
These lectures discuss a selection of QCD and Electroweak results from the CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron Proton-Antiproton Collider. Results are presently based on data samples of about 20 pb{sup {minus}1} at a center-of-mass energy of 1.8 TeV. Results discussed include jet production, direct photon production, W mass and width measurements, the triboson coupling, and most exciting of all, evidence for top quark production.
FNAL Booster intensity, extraction, and synchronization control for collider operation
Ducar, R.J.; Lackey, J.R.; Tawzer, S.R.
Booster operation for collider physics is considerably different than for fixed target operation. Various scenarios for collider physics, machine studies, and P-Bar targeting may require that the intensity vary from 5E10 PPP to 3E12 PPP at a 15 Hertz machine cycle rate. In addition to the normal Booster single turn extraction mode, collider operations require that the Booster inject into the Main Ring a small number of beam bunches for coalescing into a single high intensity bunch. These bunches must be synchronized such that the center bunch arrives in the RF bucket which corresponds to the zero phase of the coalescing cavity. The system implemented has the ability to deliver a precise fraction of the available 84 Booster beam bunches to Main Ring or to the P-Bar Debuncher via the newly installed AP-4 beam line for tune-up and studies. It is required that all of the various intensity and extraction scenarios be accommodated with minimal operator intervention.
Status of neutrino factory and muon collider R and D
Zisman, M.S.
A significant worldwide R and D effort is presently directed toward solving the technical challenges of producing, cooling, accelerating, storing, and eventually colliding beams of muons. Its primary thrust is toward issues critical to a Neutrino Factory, for which R and D efforts are under way in the U.S., via the Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration (MC); in Europe, centered at CERN; and in Japan, at KEK. Under study and experimental development are production targets handling intense proton beams (1-4 MW), phase rotation systems to reduce beam energy spread, cooling channels to reduce transverse beam emittance for the acceleration system, and storage rings where muon decays in a long straight section provide a neutrino beam for a long-baseline (3000 km) experiment. Critical experimental activities include development of very high gradient normal conducting RF (NCRF) and superconducting RF (SCRF) cavities, high-power liquid-hydrogen absorbers, and high-field superconducting solenoids. Components and instrumentation that tolerate the intense decay products of the muon beam are being developed for testing. For a high-luminosity collider, muons must be cooled longitudinally as well as transversely, requiring an emittance exchange scheme. In addition to the experimental R and D effort, sophisticated theoretical and simulation tools are needed for the design. Here, the goals, present status, and future R and D plans in these areas will be described.
Spectral learning of linear dynamics from generalised-linear observations
a non-linear and non-Gaussian observation process. We use this approach to obtain estimates to the generalised-linear regression model [8]), where the expected value of an observation is given by a monotonicSpectral learning of linear dynamics from generalised-linear observations with application
Linear Quantum Feedback Networks
J. Gough; R. Gohm; M. Yanagisawa
The mathematical theory of quantum feedback networks has recently been developed for general open quantum dynamical systems interacting with bosonic input fields. In this article we show, for the special case of linear dynamical systems Markovian systems with instantaneous feedback connections, that the transfer functions can be deduced and agree with the algebraic rules obtained in the nonlinear case. Using these rules, we derive the the transfer functions for linear quantum systems in series, in cascade, and in feedback arrangements mediated by beam splitter devices.
Shaon Sahoo; Soumya Kanti Ganguly
Contrary to the actual nonlinear Glauber model (NLGM), the linear Glauber model (LGM) is exactly solvable, although the detailed balance condition is not generally satisfied. This motivates us to address the issue of writing the transition rate ($w_j$) in a best possible linear form such that the mean squared error in satisfying the detailed balance condition is least. The advantage of this work is that, by studying the LGM analytically, we will be able to anticipate how the kinetic properties of an arbitrary Ising system depend on the temperature and the coupling constants. The analytical expressions for the optimal values of the parameters involved in the linear $w_j$ are obtained using a simple Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse matrix. This approach is quite general, in principle applicable to any system and can reproduce the exact results for one dimensional Ising system. In the continuum limit, we get a linear time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation from the Glauber's microscopic model of non-conservative dynamics. We analyze the critical and dynamic properties of the model, and show that most of the important results obtained in different studies can be reproduced by our new mathematical approach. We will also show in this paper that the effect of magnetic field can easily be studied within our approach; in particular, we show that the inverse of relaxation time changes quadratically with (weak) magnetic field and that the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is valid for our model.
Linear Programming Environmental
Nagurney, Anna
Linear Program to control air pollution was developed in 1968 by Teller, which minimized cost Fall 2006 #12;Topics Ę Introduction Ę Background Ę Air Ę Land Ę Water #12;Introduction Ę "The United States spends more than 2% of its gross domestic product on pollution control, and this is more than any
W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy; Florentin Smarandache
In this book we use only special types of intervals and introduce the notion of different types of interval linear algebras and interval vector spaces using the intervals of the form [0, a] where the intervals are from Zn or Z+ \\cup {0} or Q+ \\cup {0} or R+ \\cup {0}. A systematic development is made starting from set interval vector spaces to group interval vector spaces. Vector spaces are taken as interval polynomials or interval matrices or just intervals over suitable sets or semigroups or groups. Main feature of this book is the authors have given over 350 examples. This book has six chapters. Chapter one is introductory in nature. Chapter two introduces the notion of set interval linear algebras of type one and two. Set fuzzy interval linear algebras and their algebras and their properties are discussed in chapter three. Chapter four introduces several types of interval linear bialgebras and bivector spaces and studies them. The possible applications are given in chapter five. Chapter six suggests nearly 110 problems of all levels.
Supergravity gauge theories strike back: There is no crisis for SUSY but a new collider may be required for discovery
Baer, Howard; Savoy, Michael
More than 30 years ago, Arnowitt-Chamseddine-Nath (ACN) and others established the compelling framework of supergravity gauge theories (SUGRA) as a picture for the next step in beyond the Standard Model physics. We review the current SUGRA scenario in light of recent data from LHC8 collider searches and the Higgs boson discovery. While many SUSY and non-SUSY scenarios are highly disfavored or even excluded by LHC, the essential SUGRA scenario remains intact and as compelling as ever. For naturalness, some non-universality between matter and Higgs sector soft terms is required along with substantial trilinear soft terms. SUSY models with radiatively-driven naturalness (RNS) are found with high scale fine-tuning at a modest ~10%. In this case, natural SUSY might be discovered at LHC13 but could also easily elude sparticle search endeavors. A linear e^+e^- collider with \\sqrt{s}>2m(higgsino) is needed to provide the definitive search for the required light higgsino states which are the hallmark of natural SUSY. ...
Predictive Linear Regression Model for Microinverter Internal Temperature
Rollins, Andrew M.
, photovoltaic (PV) module temperature, irradiance and AC power data. Time-series environmental, temperature prediction, reliabil- ity, photovoltaic systems. I. INTRODUCTION PV modules equipped with microinverters have system. Reliability of microinverters in harsh and extreme real- world outdoor operating conditions has
Shiltsev, V.
Particle colliders for high-energy physics have been in the forefront of scientific discoveries for more than half a century. The accelerator technology of the colliders has progressed immensely, while the beam energy, luminosity, facility size, and cost have grown by several orders of magnitude. The method of colliding beams has not fully exhausted its potential but has slowed down considerably in its progress. This paper briefly reviews the colliding beam method and the history of colliders, discusses the development of the method over the last two decades in detail, and examines near-term collider projects that are currently under development. The paper concludes with an attempt to look beyond the current horizon and to find what paradigm changes are necessary
Radiative Return Capabilities of a High-Energy, High-Luminosity $e^+e^-$ Collider
Karliner, Marek; Rosner, Jonathan L; Wang, Lian-Tao
An electron-positron collider operating at a center-of-mass energy $E_{CM}$ can collect events at all lower energies through initial-state radiation (ISR or radiative return). We explore the capabilities for radiative return studies by a proposed high-luminosity collider at $E_{CM}$ = 250 or 90 GeV, to fill in gaps left by lower-energy colliders such as PEP, PETRA, TRISTAN, and LEP. These capabilities are compared with those of the lower-energy $e^+e^-$ colliders as well as hadron colliders such as the Tevatron and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Some examples of accessible questions in dark photon searches and heavy flavor spectroscopy are given.
Henneaux, Marc; Teitelboim, Claudio [Physique Theorique et Mathematique and International Solvay Institutes, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine C. P. 231, B-1050 Brussels (Belgium) and Centro de Estudios Cientificos (CECS), Valdivia (Chile); Centro de Estudios Cientificos (CECS), Valdivia (Chile)
We show that duality transformations of linearized gravity in four dimensions, i.e., rotations of the linearized Riemann tensor and its dual into each other, can be extended to the dynamical fields of the theory so as to be symmetries of the action and not just symmetries of the equations of motion. Our approach relies on the introduction of two superpotentials, one for the spatial components of the spin-2 field and the other for their canonically conjugate momenta. These superpotentials are two-index, symmetric tensors. They can be taken to be the basic dynamical fields and appear locally in the action. They are simply rotated into each other under duality. In terms of the superpotentials, the canonical generator of duality rotations is found to have a Chern-Simons-like structure, as in the Maxwell case.
Illuminating Dark Photons with High-Energy Colliders
David Curtin; Rouven Essig; Stefania Gori; Jessie Shelton
High-energy colliders offer a unique sensitivity to dark photons, the mediators of a broken dark U(1) gauge theory that kinetically mixes with the Standard Model (SM) hypercharge. Dark photons can be detected in the exotic decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, h -> Z Z_D -> 4l, and in Drell-Yan events, pp -> Z_D -> ll. If the dark U(1) is broken by a hidden-sector Higgs mechanism, then mixing between the dark and SM Higgs bosons also allows the exotic decay h -> Z_D Z_D -> 4l. We show that the 14 TeV LHC and a 100 TeV proton-proton collider provide powerful probes of both exotic Higgs decay channels. In the case of kinetic mixing alone, direct Drell-Yan production offers the best sensitivity to Z_D, and can probe epsilon >~ 9 x 10^(-4) (4 x 10^(-4)) at the HL-LHC (100 TeV pp collider). The exotic Higgs decay h -> Z Z_D offers slightly weaker sensitivity, but both measurements are necessary to distinguish the kinetically mixed dark photon from other scenarios. If Higgs mixing is also present, then the decay h -> Z_D Z_D can allow sensitivity to the Z_D for epsilon >~ 10^(-9) - 10^(-6) (10^(-10) - 10^(-7)) for the mass range 2 m_mu updating previous work in the literature. Electroweak precision measurements at LEP, Tevatron, and the LHC exclude epsilon as low as 3 x 10^(-2). Sensitivity can be improved by up to a factor of ~2 with HL-LHC data, and an additional factor of ~4 with ILC/GigaZ data.
Buttram, M.T.; Ginn, J.W.
A linear induction accelerator includes a plurality of adder cavities arranged in a series and provided in a structure which is evacuated so that a vacuum inductance is provided between each adder cavity and the structure. An energy storage system for the adder cavities includes a pulsed current source and a respective plurality of bipolar converting networks connected thereto. The bipolar high-voltage, high-repetition-rate square pulse train sets and resets the cavities. 4 figs.
Combustion powered linear actuator
Fischer, Gary J. (Albuquerque, NM)
The present invention provides robotic vehicles having wheeled and hopping mobilities that are capable of traversing (e.g. by hopping over) obstacles that are large in size relative to the robot and, are capable of operation in unpredictable terrain over long range. The present invention further provides combustion powered linear actuators, which can include latching mechanisms to facilitate pressurized fueling of the actuators, as can be used to provide wheeled vehicles with a hopping mobility.
Simulation of the Ionization Cooling of Muons in Linear RF Systems G. Penn, J.S. Wurtele, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley;
Wurtele, Jonathan
Simulation of the Ionization Cooling of Muons in Linear RF Systems G. Penn, J.S. Wurtele National Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 Abstract Ionization cooling of muon beams is a crucial component of the proposed muon collider and neutrino factory. Cur- rent studies of cooling channels predominantly use simula
Jacques Carolan; Chris Harrold; Chris Sparrow; Enrique MartĒn-L¾pez; Nicholas J. Russell; Joshua W. Silverstone; Peter J. Shadbolt; Nobuyuki Matsuda; Manabu Oguma; Mikitaka Itoh; Graham D. Marshall; Mark G. Thompson; Jonathan C. F. Matthews; Toshikazu Hashimoto; Jeremy L. O'Brien; Anthony Laing
Linear optics underpins tests of fundamental quantum mechanics and computer science, as well as quantum technologies. Here we experimentally demonstrate the longstanding goal of a single reprogrammable optical circuit that is sufficient to implement all possible linear optical protocols up to the size of that circuit. Our six-mode universal system consists of a cascade of 15 Mach-Zehnder interferometers with 30 thermo-optic phase shifters integrated into a single photonic chip that is electrically and optically interfaced for arbitrary setting of all phase shifters, input of up to six photons and their measurement with a 12 single-photon detector system. We programmed this system to implement heralded quantum logic and entangling gates, boson sampling with verification tests, and six-dimensional complex Hadamards. We implemented 100 Haar random unitaries with average fidelity 0.999 $\\pm$ 0.001. Our system is capable of switching between these and any other linear optical protocol in seconds. These results point the way to applications across fundamental science and quantum technologies.
Compressed supersymmetry after 1 fb?╣ at the Large Hadron Collider
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
LeCompte, Thomas J.; Martin, Stephen P.
We study the reach of the Large Hadron Collider with 1 fb?╣ of data at ?s=7 TeV for several classes of supersymmetric models with compressed mass spectra, using jets and missing transverse energy cuts like those employed by ATLAS for summer 2011 data. In the limit of extreme compression, the best limits come from signal regions that do not require more than 2 or 3 jets and that remove backgrounds by requiring more missing energy rather than a higher effective mass.
NLO QCD corrections to ZZ jet production at hadron colliders
Binoth, T.; /Edinburgh U.; Gleisberg, T.; /SLAC; Karg, S.; /RWTH Aachen U.; Kauer, N.; /Royal Holloway, U. of London /Southampton U.; Sanguinetti, G.; /Annecy, LAPTH
A fully differential calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the production of Z-boson pairs in association with a hard jet at the Tevatron and LHC is presented. This process is an important background for Higgs particle and new physics searches at hadron colliders. We find sizable corrections for cross sections and differential distributions, particularly at the LHC. Residual scale uncertainties are typically at the 10% level and can be further reduced by applying a veto against the emission of a second hard jet. Our results confirm that NLO corrections do not simply rescale LO predictions.
Heating and jet formation by colliding shocks in solar atmosphere
Tarbell, T.; Ryutova, M.P.; Covington, J. [Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, California 94304 (United States); Ryutova, M.P. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory/IGPP, Livermore, California 94550 (United States); Fludra, A. [Space Science Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (United States)
We show that ubiquitous small-scale magnetic flux {open_quotes}tubes{close_quotes} constantly emerging from subsurface layers, may cause the formation of plasma jets and a sporadic excess of temperature near the solar surface. Photospheric network magnetic elements collide and reconnect, creating a sling-shot effect which generates complex 3D shock waves with the curved surface. Self-focusing of these shocks occurs as they propagate upward in the rarefied atmosphere. Depending on the geometry of the shock collision, highly concentrated energy may be either converted entirely into heat or into strong jets, or be distributed between the two. {copyright} {ital 1999 American Institute of Physics.}
Synchrotron-Radiation Photon Distribution for Highest Energy Circular Colliders
Maury Cuna, GHI; Dugan, G; Zimmermann, F
At high energies, beam-induced synchrotron radiation is an important source of heating, beam-related vacuum pressure increase, and primary photoelectrons, which can give rise to an electron cloud. The photon distribution along the beam pipe wall is a key input to codes such as ECLOUD and PyECLOUD, which model the electron cloud build-up. For future high-energy colliders, like TLEP or SHE-LHC, photon stops and antechambers are considered in order to facilitate cooling and vacuum pressure control. We use the Synrad3D code developed at Cornell to simulate the photon distribution for the LHC.
Synchrotron-Radiation Photon Distributions for Highest Energy Circular Colliders
Maury Cuna, G H I; Dugan, G; Zimmermann, F
At high energies, beam-induced synchrotron radiation is an important source of heating, beam-related vacuum pressure increase, and primary photoelectrons, which can give rise to an electron cloud. The photon distribution along the beam pipe wall is a key input to codes such as ECLOUD and PyECLOUD, which model the electron cloud build-up. For future high-energy colliders, like TLEP or SHE-LHC, photon stops and antechambers are considered in order to facilitate cooling and vacuum pressure control. We use the Synrad3D code developed at Cornell to simulate the photon distribution for the LHC.
Test of Little Higgs Mechanism at Future Colliders
Shigeki Matsumoto
In the little higgs scenario, several coupling constants are related to each other to guarantee the stability of the higgs boson mass at one-loop level. This relation is called the little higgs mechanism. We discuss how accurately the relation can be tested at future $e^+e^-$ colliders, with especially focusing on the top sector of the scenario using a method of effective lagrangian. In order to test the mechanism, it is important to measure the Yukawa coupling of the top partner. Higgs associated and threshold productions of the top partner are found to be the best processes for this purpose.
Muon Cooling, Muon Colliders, and the MICE Experiment
Daniel M. Kaplan on behalf of the MAP; MICE collaborations
Muon colliders and neutrino factories are attractive options for future facilities aimed at achieving the highest lepton-antilepton collision energies and precision measurements of parameters of the Higgs boson and the neutrino mixing matrix. The performance and cost of these depend on how well a beam of muons can be cooled. Recent progress in muon cooling design studies and prototype tests nourishes the hope that such facilities can be built during the coming decade. The status of the key technologies and their various demonstration experiments is summarized.
Muon Cooling, Muon Colliders, and the MICE Experiment
Kaplan, Daniel M
Muon colliders and neutrino factories are attractive options for future facilities aimed at achieving the highest lepton-antilepton collision energies and precision measurements of parameters of the Higgs boson and the neutrino mixing matrix. The performance and cost of these depend on how well a beam of muons can be cooled. Recent progress in muon cooling design studies and prototype tests nourishes the hope that such facilities can be built during the coming decade. The status of the key technologies and their various demonstration experiments is summarized.
Exploring higher dimensional black holes at the large hadron collider.
Harris, Chris M; Palmer, M J; Parker, Michael A; Richardson, P
cross section for production of black holes not too much heavier than the fundamental Planck scale corresponds to a production rate of a few Hertz at the LHC design luminosity. In the following sections, the process of the black hole production and decay... scattering in quantum gravity, hep-th/9906038. [7] R. Emparan, G. T. Horowitz, and R. C. Myers, Exact description of black holes on branes, JHEP 01 (2000) 007, [hep-th/9911043]. [8] S. B. Giddings and S. Thomas, High energy colliders as black hole factories...
Construction and testing of a large scale prototype of a silicon tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter for a future lepton collider
The CALICE collaboration is preparing large scale prototypes of highly granular calorimeters for detectors to be operated at a future linear electron positron collider. After several beam campaigns at DESY, CERN and FNAL, the CALICE collaboration has demonstrated the principle of highly granular electromagnetic calorimeters with a first prototype called physics prototype. The next prototype, called technological prototype, addresses the engineering challenges which come along with the realisation of highly granular calorimeters. This prototype will comprise 30 layers where each layer is composed of four 9_9 cm2 silicon wafers. The front end electronics is integrated into the detector layers. The size of each pixel is 5_5 mm2. This prototype enter sits construction phase. We present results of the first layers of the technological prototype obtained during beam test campaigns in spring and summer 2012. According to these results the signal over noise ratio of the detector exceeds the R&D goal of10:1.
International Programs and Services International Programs
Stephens, Graeme L.
International Programs and Services _______________ 1.5 Page 1 International Programs and Services OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS Offices in Laurel Hall (970) 491-5917 www.international.colostate.edu James A. Cooney, Vice Provost for International Affairs The Office of International Programs acts
International Programs and Services International Programs
Collett Jr., Jeffrey L.
International Programs and Services International Programs and Services OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS Offices in Laurel Hall (970) 491-5917 international.colostate.edu James A. Cooney, Vice Provost for International Affairs The Office of International Programs acts as a catalyst for ideas that bring about
Project X ICD-2 and its upgrades for Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider
Lebedev, Valeri; Nagaitsev, Sergei; /Fermilab
This paper reviews the Initial Configuration Document for Fermilab's Project X and considers its possible upgrades for neutrino factory or muon collider.
Linear optimization Linear programming using the Simplex method
McCready, Mark J.
Linear optimization Linear programming using the Simplex method Maximize M = 40 x1 + 60 x2 subject, that increasing x2 is the way to get the biggest impact. The idea of the simplex method is to move only
Linear water waves with vorticity: rotational features and particle paths
Mats Ehrnstrom; Gabriele Villari
Steady linear gravity waves of small amplitude travelling on a current of constant vorticity are found. For negative vorticity we show the appearance of internal waves and vortices, wherein the particle trajectories are not any more closed ellipses. For positive vorticity the situation resembles that of Stokes waves, but for large vorticity the trajectories are affected.
Open-Midplane Dipoles for a Muon Collider
Weggel, R.; Gupta, R.; Kolonko, J., Scanlan, R., Cline, D., Ding, X., Anerella, M., Kirk, H., Palmer, B., Schmalzle, J.
For a muon collider with copious decay particles in the plane of the storage ring, open-midplane dipoles (OMD) may be preferable to tungsten-shielded cosine-theta dipoles of large aperture. The OMD should have its midplane completely free of material, so as to dodge the radiation from decaying muons. Analysis funded by a Phase I SBIR suggests that a field of 10-20 T should be feasible, with homogeneity of 1 x 10{sup -4} and energy deposition low enough for conduction cooling to 4.2 K helium. If funded, a Phase II SBIR would refine the analysis and build and test a proof-of-principle magnet. A Phase I SBIR has advanced the feasibility of open-midplane dipoles for the storage ring of a muon collider. A proposed Phase II SBIR would refine these predictions of stresses, deformations, field quality and energy deposition. Design optimizations would continue, leading to the fabrication and test, for the first time, of a proof-of-principle dipole of truly open-midplane design.
Park, Joung Won
In this work, a highly linear broadband Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is presented. The linearity issue in broadband Radio Frequency (RF) front-end is introduced, followed by an analysis of the specifications and requirements of a broadband LNA through...
Barth, Clyde H.; Blizinski, Theodore W.
An internal shim used to accurately measure spaces in conjunction with a standard small probe has a shim top and a chassis. The internal shim is adjustably fixed within the space to be measured using grippers that emerge from the chassis and which are controlled by an arm pivotably attached to the shim top. A standard small probe passes through the shim along guides on the chassis and measures the distance between the exterior of the chassis and the boundary. By summing the measurements on each side of the chassis and the width of the chassis, the dimension of the space can be determined to within 0.001 inches.
Wave functions of linear systems
Tomasz Sowinski
Complete analysis of quantum wave functions of linear systems in an arbitrary number of dimensions is given. It is shown how one can construct a complete set of stationary quantum states of an arbitrary linear system from purely classical arguments. This construction is possible because for linear systems classical dynamics carries the whole information about quantum dynamics.
Special set linear algebra and special set fuzzy linear algebra
W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy; Florentin Smarandache; K. Ilanthenral
The authors in this book introduce the notion of special set linear algebra and special set fuzzy Linear algebra, which is an extension of the notion set linear algebra and set fuzzy linear algebra. These concepts are best suited in the application of multi expert models and cryptology. This book has five chapters. In chapter one the basic concepts about set linear algebra is given in order to make this book a self contained one. The notion of special set linear algebra and their fuzzy analogue is introduced in chapter two. In chapter three the notion of special set semigroup linear algebra is introduced. The concept of special set n-vector spaces, n greater than or equal to three is defined and their fuzzy analogue is their fuzzy analogue is given in chapter four. The probable applications are also mentioned. The final chapter suggests 66 problems.
Yu, Alex
International Journal of Educational Technology Opportunities and options for Web-enabled databases.D., Arizona State University The landscape of Web-based instruction is changing due to the convergence of the Web and database servers. Web-based database (WBD) servers enhance Web-based instruction by providing
Abstract--In order to develop precision vertex detectors for the future linear collider, fast active monolithic active pixel sensors
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
-to-voltage conversion factors were obtained using amplifiers with different gains or diode sizes. Pixel architectures in future vertex detectors of high energy physics experiments. The maximum charge-to-voltage conversion with DC and AC coupling to charge sensing element were proposed. As far, hits from conversion of 55 Fe
Parameter choices for a muon recirculating linear accelerator from 5 to 63 GeV
Berg, J. S. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Collider-Accelerator Dept.
A recirculating linear accelerator (RLA) has been proposed to accelerate muons from 5 to 63 GeV for a muon collider. It should be usable both for a Higgs factory and as a stage for a higher energy collider. First, the constraints due to the beam loading are computed. Next, an expression for the longitudinal emittance growth to lowest order in the longitudinal emittance is worked out. After finding the longitudinal expression, a simplified model that describes the arcs and their approximate expression for the time of flight dependence on energy in those arcs is found. Finally, these results are used to estimate the parameters required for the RLA arcs and the linac phase.
A parameterization of linear coupling in action-angle coordinates is convenient for analytical calculations and interpretation of turn-by-turn (TBT) beam position monitor (BPM) data. We demonstrate how to use this parameterization to extract the twiss and coupling parameters in interaction regions (IRs), using BPMs on each side of the long IR drift region. The example of TBT BPM analysis was acquired at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), using an AC dipole to excite a single eigenmode. Besides the full treatment, a fast estimate of beta*, the beta function at the interaction point (IP), is provided, along with the phase advance between these BPMs. We also calculate and measure the waist of the beta function and the local optics.
Precise Predictions for W+4-Jet Production at the Large Hadron Collider
Berger, Carola
We present the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD results for W+4-jet production at hadron colliders. This is the first hadron-collider process with five final-state objects to be computed at NLO. It represents an important ...
MUON COLLIDER PROGRESS Robert B. Palmer (BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York)
McDonald, Kirk
MUON COLLIDER PROGRESS Robert B. Palmer (BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York) Abstract A complete scheme for muon production, cooling, ac- celeration and storage in a collider ring is presented. Pa and phase rotation yields bunch trains of both muon signs. Six di- mensional cooling reduces
air sampling readout: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
calorimeter HEP - Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation experiment in high energy particle physics will be International Linear Collider of electron and positron at the...
Shaping the output pulse of a linear-transformer-driver module W. A. Stygar,1
Shaping the output pulse of a linear-transformer-driver module W. A. Stygar,1 W. E. Fowler,1 K. R a linear-transformer- driver (LTD) module that drives an internal water-insulated transmission line-insulated radial-transmission-line impedance transformers [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 11, 030401 (2008)]. DOI: 10
Reducing backgrounds in the higgs factory muon collider detector
Mokhov, N. V.; Tropin, I. S.
A preliminary design of the 125-GeV Higgs Factory (HF) Muon Collider (MC) has identified an enormous background loads on the HF detector. This is related to the twelve times higher muon decay probability at HF compared to that previously studied for the 1.5-TeV MC. As a result of MARS15 optimization studies, it is shown that with a carefully designed protection system in the interaction region, in the machine-detector interface and inside the detector one can reduce the background rates to a manageable level similar to that achieved for the optimized 1.5-TeV case. The main characteristics of the HF detector background are presented for the configuration found.
Design of Helical Cooling Channel for Muon Collider
Yonehara, Katsuya; /Fermilab
Fast muon beam six dimensional (6D) phase space cooling is essential for muon colliders. The Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) uses hydrogen-pressurized RF cavities imbedded in a magnet system with solenoid, helical dipole, and helical quadrupole components that provide the continuous dispersion needed for emittance exchange and effective 6D beam cooling. A series of HCC segments, each with sequentially smaller aperture, higher magnetic field, and higher RF frequency to match the beam size as it is cooled, has been optimized by numerical simulation to achieve a factor of 10{sup 5} emittance reduction in a 300 m long channel with only a 40% loss of beam. Conceptual designs of the hardware required for this HCC system and the status of the RF studies and HTS helical solenoid magnet prototypes are described.
Precise Predictions for Z + 4 Jets at Hadron Colliders
Ita, H.; Bern, Z.; Dixon, L.J.; Cordero, F.Febres; Kosower, D.A.; Maitre, D.
We present the cross section for production of a Z boson in association with four jets at the Large Hadron Collider, at next-to-leading order in the QCD coupling. When the Z decays to neutrinos, this process is a key irreducible background to many searches for new physics. Its computation has been made feasible through the development of the on-shell approach to perturbative quantum field theory. We present the total cross section for pp collisions at {radical}s = 7 TeV, after folding in the decay of the Z boson, or virtual photon, to a charged-lepton pair. We also provide distributions of the transverse momenta of the four jets, and we compare cross sections and distributions to the corresponding ones for the production of a W boson with accompanying jets.
Theoretical X-ray Line Profiles from Colliding Wind Binaries
Henley, D B; Pittard, J M
We present theoretical X-ray line profiles from a range of model colliding wind systems. In particular, we investigate the effects of varying the stellar mass-loss rates, the wind speeds, and the viewing orientation. We find that a wide range of theoretical line profile shapes is possible, varying with orbital inclination and phase. At or near conjunction, the lines have approximately Gaussian profiles, with small widths (HWHM ~ 0.1 v_infty) and definite blue- or redshifts (depending on whether the star with the weaker wind is in front or behind). When the system is viewed at quadrature, the lines are generally much broader (HWHM ~ v_infty), flat-topped and unshifted. Local absorption can have a major effect on the observed profiles - in systems with mass-loss rates of a few times 10^{-6} Msol/yr the lower energy lines (E wind of the primary. The orbital variation ...
To facilitate the study of collisions between 10 GeV polarized electrons and 100 GeV/u heavy ions or 250 GeV polarized protons at luminosities in the 10{sup 33} cm{sup -2} sec{sup -1} range (e-p case), adding a 10 GeV electron storage ring to the existing RHIC complex has been proposed. The interaction region of this electron-ion collider eRHIC has to provide the required low-beta focusing, while simultaneously accommodating the synchrotron radiation fan generated by beam separation close to the interaction point, which is particularly challenging. The latest design status of the eRHIC interaction region will be presented.
Multifragmentation at the balance energy of mass asymmetric colliding nuclei
Supriya Goyal
Using the quantum molecular dynamics model, we study the role of mass asymmetry of colliding nuclei on the fragmentation at the balance energy and on its mass dependence. The study is done by keeping the total mass of the system fixed as 40, 80, 160, and 240 and by varying the mass asymmetry of the ($\\eta$ = $\\frac{A_{T}-A_{P}}{A_{T}+A_{P}}$; where $A_{T}$ and $A_{P}$ are the masses of the target and projectile, respectively) reaction from 0.1 to 0.7. Our results clearly indicate a sizeable effect of the mass asymmetry on the multiplicity of various fragments. The mass asymmetry dependence of various fragments is found to increase with increase in total system mass (except for heavy mass fragments). Similar to symmetric reactions, a power law system mass dependence of various fragment multiplicities is also found to exit for large asymmetries.
Operational considerations on the stability of colliding beams
Buffat, X; Pieloni, T
While well studied in the absence of beam-beam and while colliding head-on, the stability of the LHC beams can be very critical in intermediate steps. During the squeeze, the long-range beam-beam interaction becomes a critical component of the beam's dynamics. Also, while the transverse separation at the interaction points is collapsed, the beam-beam forces change drastically, possibly deteriorating the beam's stability. Finally, during luminosity production, the configuration of the LHC in 2012 included few bunches without head-on collision in any of the interaction points having different stability properties. Stability diagrams are being evaluated numerically in these configurations in an attempt to explain instabilities observed in these phases during the 2012 proton run of the LHC.
Collective Effects in the SuperB Collider
Demma, Theo; /INFN, Rome; Pivi, Mauro; /SLAC
Some collective effects have been studied for the SuperB high luminosity collider. Estimates of the effect of Intra Beam Scattering (IBS) on the emittance and energy spread growths have been carried up for both the High Energy (HER, positrons) and the Low Energy (LER, electrons) rings. Electron cloud build up simulations for HER were performed with the ECLOUD code, developed at CERN, to predict the cloud formation in the arcs, taking into account possible remediation techniques such as clearing electrodes. The new code CMAD, developed at SLAC, has been used to study the effect of this electron cloud on the beam and assess the thresholds above which the electron cloud instability would set in.
The Problem of Colliding Networks and its Relation to Cancer
Alexei A. Koulakov; Yuri Lazebnik
Complex systems, ranging from living cells to human societies, can be represented as attractor networks, whose basic property is to exist in one of allowed states, or attractors. We noted that merging two systems that are in distinct attractors creates uncertainty, as the hybrid system cannot assume two attractors at once. As a prototype of this problem, we explore cell fusion, whose ability to combine distinct cells into hybrids was proposed to cause cancer. By simulating cell types as attractors, we find that hybrids are prone to assume spurious attractors, which are emergent and sporadic states of networks, and propose that cell fusion can make a cell cancerous by placing it into normally inaccessible spurious states. We define basic features of hybrid networks and suggest that the problem of colliding networks has general significance in processes represented by attractor networks, including biological, social, and political phenomena.
Strangelet Search at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Ritter, Ha
We have searched for strangelets in a triggered sample of 61 million central (top 4percent) Au+Au collisions at sqrt sNN = 200 GeV near beam rapidities at the STAR solenoidal tracker detector at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We have sensitivity to metastable strangelets with lifetimes of order>_0.1 ns, in contrast to limits over ten times longer in BNL Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) studies and longer still at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). Upper limits of a few 10-6 to 10-7 per central Au+Au collision are set for strangelets with mass>~;;30 GeV/c2.
Search for quirks at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider
Abazov, V.M.; /Dubna, JINR; Abbott, B.; /Oklahoma U.; Abolins, M.; /Michigan State U.; Acharya, B.S.; /Tata Inst.; Adams, M.; /Illinois U., Chicago; Adams, T.; /Florida State U.; Alexeev, G.D.; /Dubna, JINR; Alkhazov, G.; /St. Petersburg, INP; Alton, A.; /Augustana Coll., Sioux Falls /Michigan U.; Alverson, G.; /Northeastern U.; Alves, G.A.; /Rio de Janeiro, CBPF /NIKHEF, Amsterdam
We report results of a search for particles with anomalously high ionization in events with a high transverse energy jet and large missing transverse energy in 2.4 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron p{bar p} collider. Production of such particles (quirks) is expected in scenarios with extra QCD-like SU(N) sectors, and this study is the first dedicated search for such signatures. We find no evidence of a signal and set a lower mass limit of 107 GeV for the mass of a charged quirk with strong dynamics scale {Lambda} in the range from 10 keV to 1 MeV.
A Staged Muon Accelerator Facility For Neutrino and Collider Physics
Delahaye, Jean-Pierre; Brice, Stephen; Bross, Alan David; Denisov, Dmitri; Eichten, Estia; Holmes, Stephen; Lipton, Ronald; Neuffer, David; Palmer, Mark Alan; Bogacz, S Alex; Huber, Patrick; Kaplan, Daniel M; Snopok, Pavel; Kirk, Harold G; Palmer, Robert B; Ryne, Robert D
Muon-based facilities offer unique potential to provide capabilities at both the Intensity Frontier with Neutrino Factories and the Energy Frontier with Muon Colliders. They rely on a novel technology with challenging parameters, for which the feasibility is currently being evaluated by the Muon Accelerator Program (MAP). A realistic scenario for a complementary series of staged facilities with increasing complexity and significant physics potential at each stage has been developed. It takes advantage of and leverages the capabilities already planned for Fermilab, especially the strategy for long-term improvement of the accelerator complex being initiated with the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP-II) and the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF). Each stage is designed to provide an R&D platform to validate the technologies required for subsequent stages. The rationale and sequence of the staging process and the critical issues to be addressed at each stage, are presented.
Tests of prototype SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) magnets
Strait, J.; Brown, B.C.; Hanft, R.; Koepke, K.; Kuchnir, M.; Lundy, R.; Mantsch, P.; Mazur, P.O.; McInturff, A.; Orr, J.R.
Results are presented from tests of the third full scale development dipole magnet for the Superconducting Super Collider and from a retest of a 4.5 m model magnet of the same design mounted in an SSC cryostat. The 4.5 m magnet shows consistent quench performance between its original tests in boiling liquid helium in a vertical dewar and the current tests in forced flow helium in a horizontal cryostat. Little or no retraining is observed over several thermal cycles. The full length magnet requires 12 quenches to train to its short sample limit of 6800 A and displays a reasonably stable quench plateau following training. This represents a great improvement over the performance of the first two full length magnets. Data are presented on quench behavior as a function of current and temperature and on azimuthal and longitudinal loading of the coil by the support structure. 14 refs., 7 figs.
$W^+W^-$ production at hadron colliders in NNLO QCD
T. Gehrmann; M. Grazzini; S. Kallweit; P. Maierh÷fer; A. von Manteuffel; S. Pozzorini; D. Rathlev; L. Tancredi
Charged gauge boson pair production at the Large Hadron Collider allows detailed probes of the fundamental structure of electroweak interactions. We present precise theoretical predictions for on-shell $W^+W^-$ production that include, for the first time, QCD effects up to next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbation theory. As compared to next-to-leading order, the inclusive $W^+W^-$ cross section is enhanced by 9% at 7 TeV and 12% at 14 TeV. The residual perturbative uncertainty is at the 3% level. The severe contamination of the $W^+W^-$ cross section due to top-quark resonances is discussed in detail. Comparing different definitions of top-free $W^+W^-$ production in the four and five flavour number schemes, we demonstrate that top-quark resonances can be separated from the inclusive $W^+W^-$ cross section without significant loss of theoretical precision.
2005 Final Report: New Technologies for Future Colliders
Peter McIntyre; Al McInturff
This document presents an annual report on our long-term R&D grant for development of new technology for future colliders. The organizing theme of our development is to develop a compact high-field collider dipole, utilizing wind-and-react Nb3Sn coil fabrication, stress man-agement, conductor optimization, bladder preload, and flux plate suppression of magnetization multipoles. The development trail for this new technology began over four years ago with the successful testing of TAMU12, a NbTi model in which we put to a first test many of the construction details of the high-field design. We have built TAMU2, a mirror-geometry dipole containing a single coil module of the 3-module set required for the 14 Tesla design. This first Nb3Sn model was built using ITER conductor which carries much less current than high-performance conductor but enables us to prove in practice our reaction bake and impregnation strategies with æfreeÆ su-perconductor. TAMU2 has been shipped to LBNL for testing. Work is beginning on the construction of TAMU3, which will contain two coil modules of the 14 Tesla design. TAMU3 has a design field of 13.5 Tesla and will enable us to fully evaluate the issues of stress management that will be important to the full design. With the completion of TAMU2 and the construction of TAMU3 the Texas A&M group æcomes of ageÆ in the family of superconducting magnet R&D laboratories. We have completed the phase of developing core technologies and fixtures and entered the phase of building and testing a succession of model dipoles that each build incrementally upon a proven core design.
6, 66276694, 2006 linearized ozone
Boyer, Edmond
ACPD 6, 6627Ł6694, 2006 CHEM2D-OPP linearized ozone photochemistry J. P. McCormack et al. Title Chemistry and Physics Discussions CHEM2D-OPP: A new linearized gas-phase ozone email@example.com) 6627 #12;ACPD 6, 6627Ł6694, 2006 CHEM2D-OPP linearized ozone photochemistry J. P. McCormack et al
Kliman, G.B.; Brynsvold, G.V.; Jahns, T.M.
A winding and method of winding for a submersible linear pump for pumping liquid sodium are disclosed. The pump includes a stator having a central cylindrical duct preferably vertically aligned. The central vertical duct is surrounded by a system of coils in slots. These slots are interleaved with magnetic flux conducting elements, these magnetic flux conducting elements forming a continuous magnetic field conduction path along the stator. The central duct has placed therein a cylindrical magnetic conducting core, this core having a cylindrical diameter less than the diameter of the cylindrical duct. The core once placed to the duct defines a cylindrical interstitial pumping volume of the pump. This cylindrical interstitial pumping volume preferably defines an inlet at the bottom of the pump, and an outlet at the top of the pump. Pump operation occurs by static windings in the outer stator sequentially conveying toroidal fields from the pump inlet at the bottom of the pump to the pump outlet at the top of the pump. The winding apparatus and method of winding disclosed uses multiple slots per pole per phase with parallel winding legs on each phase equal to or less than the number of slots per pole per phase. The slot sequence per pole per phase is chosen to equalize the variations in flux density of the pump sodium as it passes into the pump at the pump inlet with little or no flux and acquires magnetic flux in passage through the pump to the pump outlet. 4 figs.
Kliman, Gerald B. (Schenectady, NY); Brynsvold, Glen V. (San Jose, CA); Jahns, Thomas M. (Schenectady, NY)
A winding and method of winding for a submersible linear pump for pumping liquid sodium is disclosed. The pump includes a stator having a central cylindrical duct preferably vertically aligned. The central vertical duct is surrounded by a system of coils in slots. These slots are interleaved with magnetic flux conducting elements, these magnetic flux conducting elements forming a continuous magnetic field conduction path along the stator. The central duct has placed therein a cylindrical magnetic conducting core, this core having a cylindrical diameter less than the diameter of the cylindrical duct. The core once placed to the duct defines a cylindrical interstitial pumping volume of the pump. This cylindrical interstitial pumping volume preferably defines an inlet at the bottom of the pump, and an outlet at the top of the pump. Pump operation occurs by static windings in the outer stator sequentially conveying toroidal fields from the pump inlet at the bottom of the pump to the pump outlet at the top of the pump. The winding apparatus and method of winding disclosed uses multiple slots per pole per phase with parallel winding legs on each phase equal to or less than the number of slots per pole per phase. The slot sequence per pole per phase is chosen to equalize the variations in flux density of the pump sodium as it passes into the pump at the pump inlet with little or no flux and acquires magnetic flux in passage through the pump to the pump outlet.
Quantization of general linear electrodynamics
Rivera, Sergio; Schuller, Frederic P. [Albert Einstein Institute, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam (Germany)
General linear electrodynamics allow for an arbitrary linear constitutive relation between the field strength 2-form and induction 2-form density if crucial hyperbolicity and energy conditions are satisfied, which render the theory predictive and physically interpretable. Taking into account the higher-order polynomial dispersion relation and associated causal structure of general linear electrodynamics, we carefully develop its Hamiltonian formulation from first principles. Canonical quantization of the resulting constrained system then results in a quantum vacuum which is sensitive to the constitutive tensor of the classical theory. As an application we calculate the Casimir effect in a birefringent linear optical medium.
Vijayakumar, Sethu
. The optimal feedback control law for systems with non-linear dynamics and non-quadratic costs can be foundOPTIMAL CONTROL WITH ADAPTIVE INTERNAL DYNAMICS MODELS Djordje Mitrovic, Stefan Klanke, and Sethu, optimal control, adaptive control, robot simulation Abstract: Optimal feedback control has been proposed
Identifying Redundant Linear Constraints in Systems of Linear ...
Jun 22, 2006 ... redundant linear constraints from the system (2.1) and (2.2). ... It is informative to note that in the above theorem, the optimal ..... S. Boyd and L. El Ghaoui, ōLinear Matrix Inequalities in System and Control Theoryö, SIAM, vol.
Linear Algebra 1: Computing canonical forms in exact linear
Pernet, Clķment
Linear Algebra 1: Computing canonical forms in exact linear algebra Clķment PERNET, LIG, where U is invertible Reduced echelon form: E = 1 0 0 1 0 1 Gauss-Jordan elimination #12 a field: B = U-1 AU Frobenius normal form (or canonical rational form): F = CP0 CP1 ... CPk
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't YourTransport(FactDepartment of EnergyIndustry15Among Statesfor a Smart188.8.131.52 International
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AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645U.S. DOEThe Bonneville PowerCherries 82981-1cnHigh SchoolIn OtherEnergy International Fuel Services and Commercial2
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645U.S. DOEThe Bonneville PowerCherries 82981-1cnHigh SchoolIn OtherEnergy International Fuel Services┬╗Challenges
Colliding During the Squeeze and ?* Levelling in the LHC
Buffat, X; Lamont, M; Pieloni, T; Redaelli, S; Wenninger, J
While significantly more complicated in term of operation, bringing the beams into collisions prior to the ? squeeze rather than after presents some advantages. Indeed, the large tune spread arising from the non-linearity of head-on beam-beam interactions is profitable, as it can damp impedance driven instabilities much more efficiently than external non-linearity such as octupoles. Moreover, this operation allows to level the luminosity in the case when the peak luminosity is too high for the experiments. Operational issues are discussed and experimental results from the LHC are presented.
On the study of the Higgs properties at a muon collider
Mario Greco
The discovery of the Higgs particle at 125 GeV is demanding a detailed knowledge of the properties of this fundamental component of the Standard Model. To that aim various proposals of electron and muon colliders have been put forward for precision studies of the partial widths of the various decay channels. It is shown that in the case of a Higgs factory through a muon collider, sizeable radiative effects - of order of 50% - must be carefully taken into account for a precise measurement of the leptonic and total widths of the Higgs particle. Similar effects do not apply in the case of Higgs production in electron-positron colliders.
Hydrodynamics and High-Energy Physics of WR Colliding Winds
Vladimir V. Usov
One of the main properties of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars is a very intense outflow of gas. No less than 40\\% \\ of WR stars belong to binary systems. Young massive O and B stars are the secondary components of such systems. OB stars also have an intense stellar wind. If the intensities of the stellar winds of WR and OB stars are more or less comparable or if the distance between the components of the binary is large enough, the winds flowing out of WR and OB stars can collide and the shock waves are formed. In the shock the gas is heated to temperature $\\sim 10^7$ K and generates X-ray emission. Stellar wind collision may be responsible not only for the X-ray emission of WR + OB binaries and for their radio, IR and $\\gamma$-ray emision as well. Stellar wind collision, gas heating, particle acceleration, and generation of X-ray, $\\gamma$-ray, radio and IR emission in WR + OB binaries are discussed.
Muon Collider Final Cooling in 30-50 T Solenoids
Palmer, R.B.; Fernow, R.C.; Lederman, J.
Muon ionization cooling to the required normalized rms emittance of 25 microns transverse, and 72 mm longitudinal, can be achieved with liquid hydrogen in high field solenoids, provided that the momenta are low enough. At low momenta, the longitudinal emittance rises from the negative slope of energy loss versus energy. Assuming initial emittances that have been achieved in six dimensional cooling simulations, optimized designs are given using solenoid fields limited to 30, 40, and 50 T. The required final emittances are achieved for the two higher field cases. Preliminary simulations of transverse cooling in hydrogen, at low energies, suggests that muon collider emittance requirements can be met using solenoid fields of 40 T or more. It might also be acceptable with 30 T. But these simulations did not include hydrogen windows,matching or reacceleration, whose performance, with one exception, was based on numerical estimates. Full simulations of more stages are planned. The design and simulation of hydrogen windows must be included, and space charge effects, and absorber heating, calculated.
Collider searches and cosmology in the MSSM with heavy scalars
Carena, Marcela; /Fermilab; Freitas, A.; /Zurich U.
In a variety of supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, the scalar partners of the quarks and leptons are predicted to be very heavy and beyond the reach of next-generation colliders. For instance, the realization of electroweak baryogenesis in supersymmetry requires new sources of CP-violation, which can only be naturally accommodated with electric dipole moment constraints if the first and second generation scalar fermions are beyond the TeV scale. Also in focus-point supersymmetry and split supersymmetry the scalar fermions are very heavy. In this work, the phenomenology of scenarios with electroweak baryogenesis and in the focus point region at the LHC and ILC is studied, which becomes challenging due to the presence of heavy scalar fermions. Implications for the analysis of baryogenesis and dark matter are deduced. It is found that precision measurements of superpartner properties allow an accurate determination of the dark matter relic density in both scenarios, while important but only incomplete information about the baryogenesis mechanism can be obtained.
First electron-cloud studies at the Large Hadron Collider
Dominguez, O; Arduini, G; Metral, E; Rumolo, G; Zimmermann, F; Maury Cuna, H
During the beam commissioning of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with 150, 75, 50, and 25-ns bunch spacing, important electron-cloud effects, like pressure rise, cryogenic heat load, beam instabilities, or emittance growth, were observed. Methods have been developed to infer different key beam-pipe surface parameters by benchmarking simulations and pressure rise as well as heat-load observations. These methods allow us to monitor the scrubbing process, i.e., the reduction of the secondary emission yield as a function of time, in order to decide on the most appropriate strategies for machine operation. To better understand the influence of electron clouds on the beam dynamics, simulations have been carried out to examine both the coherent and the incoherent effects on the beam. In this paper we present the methodology and first results for the scrubbing monitoring process at the LHC. We also review simulated instability thresholds and tune footprints for beams of different emittance, interacting with an electr...
Theoretical X-ray Line Profiles from Colliding Wind Binaries
D. B. Henley; I. R. Stevens; J. M. Pittard
We present theoretical X-ray line profiles from a range of model colliding wind systems. In particular, we investigate the effects of varying the stellar mass-loss rates, the wind speeds, and the viewing orientation. We find that a wide range of theoretical line profile shapes is possible, varying with orbital inclination and phase. At or near conjunction, the lines have approximately Gaussian profiles, with small widths (HWHM ~ 0.1 v_\\infty) and definite blue- or redshifts (depending on whether the star with the weaker wind is in front or behind). When the system is viewed at quadrature, the lines are generally much broader (HWHM ~ v_\\infty), flat-topped and unshifted. Local absorption can have a major effect on the observed profiles - in systems with mass-loss rates of a few times 10^{-6} Msol/yr the lower energy lines (E wind of the primary. The orbital variation of the line widths and shifts is reduced in a low inclination binary. The extreme case is a binary with i = 0 degrees, for which we would expect no line profile variation.
Sextupole correction magnets for the Large Hadron Collider
Meinke, R B; Senti, M; Op de Beeck, W J; De Ryck, C; MacKay, W W
About 2500 superconducting sextupole corrector magnets (MCS) are needed for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN to compensate persistent current sextupole fields of the main dipoles. The MCS is a cold bore magnet with iron yoke. The coils are made from a NbTi conductor, which is cooled to 1.9 K. In the original CERN design 6 individual sub-coils, made from a monolithic composite conductor, are assembled and spliced together to form the sextupole. The coils are individually wound around precision-machined central islands and stabilized with matching saddle pieces at both ends. The Advanced Magnet Lab, Inc. (AML) has produced an alternative design, which gives improved performance and reliability at reduced manufacturing cost. In the AML design, the magnet consists of three splice-free sub-coils, which are placed with an automated winding process into pockets of prefabricated G-11 support cylinders. Any assembly process of sub-coils with potential misalignment is eliminated. The AML magnet uses a Kapton-wra...
The role of Spectator Fragments at an electron Ion collider
Sebastian White; Mark Strikman
Efficient detection of spectator fragments is key to the main topics at an electron-ion collider (eIC). Any process which leads to emission of fragments or $\\gamma$'s breaks coherence in diffractive processes. Therefore this is equivalent to non-detection of rapidity gaps in pp collisions. For example, in coherent photoproduction of vector mesons their 4-momentum transfer distribution would image the "gluon charge" in the nucleus in the same way that Hofstadter measured its charge structure using elastic scattering of $\\sim$100 MeV electrons. Whereas he could measure the $\\sim$4 MeV energy loss by the electron due to excitation of nuclear energy levels (Figure 1), even the energy spread of the incident beam would prevent such an inclusive selection of quasielastic events at an eIC. The only available tool is fragment detection. Since, in our example, one finds that $\\sim100$ of deexcitations go through $\\gamma$'s or 1 neutron, rarely to 2 neutron and never to protons(due to Coulomb barrier suppression), the eIC design should emphasize their detection.
Design of High Luminosity Ring-Ring Electron- Light Ion Collider at CEBAF
Slawomir Bogacz; Antje Bruell; Jean Delayen; Yaroslav Derbenev; Rolf Ent; Joseph Grames; Andrew Hutton; Geoffrey Krafft; Rui Li; Nikolitsa Merminga; Benard Poelker; Bogdan Wojtsekhowski; Byung Yunn; Yuhong Zhang; C Montag
Experimental studies of fundamental structure of nucleons require an electron-ion collider of a center-of-mass energy up to 90 GeV at luminosity up to 1035 cm-2s-1 with both beams polarized. A CEBAF-based collider of 9 GeV electrons/positrons and 225 GeV ions is envisioned to meet this science need and as a next step for CEBAF after the planned 12 GeV energy upgrade of the fixed target program. A ring-ring scheme of this collider developed recently takes advantage of the existing polarized electron CW beam from the CEBAF and a green-field design of an ion complex with electron cooling. We present a conceptual design and report design studies of this high-luminosity collider.
High Energy Accelerator and Colliding Beam User Group. Progress report, March 1, 1992--October 31, 1992
Snow, G.A.; Skuja, A.
This report discusses research in the following areas: the study of e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} interactions; Hadron collider physics at Fermilab; fixed target physics and particle physics of general interest; and, the solenoidal detector collaboration at SSCL.
Neutrino experiments and the Large Hadron Collider: friends across 14 orders of magnitude
Conrad, Janet
This paper explores some of the questions that connect the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and neutrino experiments. What is the origin of mass? What is the meaning of flavor? Is there direct evidence of new forces or particles? ...
SciTech Connect: Proton-Proton Colliding-Beam Storage Rings for...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
future plans can be based. It is to be emphasized that this is not a proposal for construction. The major results of the study are that 100-100 BeV colliding beam rings can be...
Non-Reflecting Internal Wave Beam Propagation in the Deep Ocean Roger Grimshaw1)
). Here we analyze theoretically the penetration of internal waves in an ocean with continuousNon-Reflecting Internal Wave Beam Propagation in the Deep Ocean Roger Grimshaw1) , Efim Pelinovsky1 2008 Using linear internal wave theory for an ocean stratified by both density and current, we identify
International Student Services Office International Student Mentor
Dawson, Jeff W.
International Student Services Office International Student Mentor Undergraduate and Graduate stages of their transition to academic life at Carleton University. Mentors play a central role in ensuring student success by providing guidance and academic coaching. All ISSO mentors report
Method and apparatus for calibrating a linear variable differential transformer
Pokrywka, Robert J. (North Huntingdon, PA)
A calibration apparatus for calibrating a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) having an armature positioned in au LVDT armature orifice, and the armature able to move along an axis of movement. The calibration apparatus includes a heating mechanism with an internal chamber, a temperature measuring mechanism for measuring the temperature of the LVDT, a fixture mechanism with an internal chamber for at least partially accepting the LVDT and for securing the LVDT within the heating mechanism internal chamber, a moving mechanism for moving the armature, a position measurement mechanism for measuring the position of the armature, and an output voltage measurement mechanism. A method for calibrating an LVDT, including the steps of: powering the LVDT; heating the LVDT to a desired temperature; measuring the position of the armature with respect to the armature orifice; and measuring the output voltage of the LVDT.
Yamamoto, Hirosuke
31 E 32 F 32 #12; iv INTERNATIONAL ERGONOMICS ASSOCIATION #12; 3 INTERNATIONAL ERGONOMICS ASSOCIATION CODE OF CONDUCT ERGONOMICS ASSOCIATION (2006) http://www.iea.cc/browse.php?contID=international_ergonomics_association A6
Student Trainee (Engineering)- Intern
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The purpose of the Pathways Intern Employment Program is to provide the intern with exposure to public service, enhance educational experience, and support educational goals. The program is...
International Commitments Management
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This Order establishes a process to manage the Department's International Commitments under the administrative direction of the Office of Policy and International Affairs. No cancellation.
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iPortal Space. III. GAO Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government In 1999, GAO issued revised Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government. This...
International Subcommittee Report
and overall U.S. international nuclear commercial leadership as part of the "Team USA" approach NEAC Meeting December 10, 2014 4 Recommendations by the NEAC International...
Algorithms for Symmetric Linear and Integer Programs
B÷di, Richard; Joswig, Michael
This paper deals with exploiting symmetry for solving linear and integer programming problems. Basic properties of linear representations of finite groups can be used to reduce symmetric linear programming to solving linear programs of lower dimension. Combining this approach with knowledge of the geometry of feasible integer solutions yields an algorithm for solving highly symmetric integer linear programs which only takes time which is linear in the number of constraints and quadratic in the dimension.
Linear conic optimization for nonlinear optimal control
Didier Henrion
Jul 7, 2014 ... Abstract: Infinite-dimensional linear conic formulations are described for nonlinear optimal control problems. The primal linear problem consistsĀ...
Disbursement of $65 million to the State of Texas for construction of a Regional Medical Technology Center at the former Superconducting Super Collider Site, Waxahachie, Texas
As part of a settlement agreement between the US DOE and the State of Texas, DOE proposes to transfer $65 million of federal funds to the Texas National Research Laboratory Commission (TNLRC) for construction of the Regional Medical Technology Center (RMTC) to be located in Ellis County, Texas. The RMTC would be a state-of-the-art medical facility for proton cancer therapy, operated by the State of Texas in conjunction with the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. The RMTC would use the linear accelerator assets of the recently terminated DOE Superconducting Super Collider Project to accelerate protons to high energies for the treatment of cancer patients. The current design provides for treatment areas, examination rooms, support laboratories, diagnostic imaging equipment, and office space as well as the accelerators (linac and synchrotron) and beam steering and shaping components. The potential environmental consequences of the proposed action are expected to be minor.
Biholomorphic maps with linear parts having Jordan blocks: linearization and
Jordan block. Our main result proves convergence of the linearizing transformation of maps for which the Jordan part of the spectrum lies inside the unit circle and the spectrum satis#12;es a R in (C [x]) n , (1.2) where C [x] stands for the set of all formal power series with complex coe
High dimensional linear inverse modelling
Cooper, Fenwick C
We introduce and demonstrate two linear inverse modelling methods for systems of stochastic ODE's with accuracy that is independent of the dimensionality (number of elements) of the state vector representing the system in question. Truncation of the state space is not required. Instead we rely on the principle that perturbations decay with distance or the fact that for many systems, the state of each data point is only determined at an instant by itself and its neighbours. We further show that all necessary calculations, as well as numerical integration of the resulting linear stochastic system, require computational time and memory proportional to the dimensionality of the state vector.
Assessor Training International
NVLAP Assessor Training International Arrangements #12;Assessor Training 2009: International;Assessor Training 2009: International Arrangements 3 2009 is the 10th anniversary of the signing granted by a signatory to the ILAC Arrangement #12;Assessor Training 2009: International Arrangements 4
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STEP Intern Job Description, from the Tool Kit Framework: Small Town University Energy Program (STEP).
IN TODAY'S PAPER International
India's participation in the multi-billion-dollar International Thermonuclear Reactor project which aims
Role of colliding geometry on the balance energy of mass-asymmetric systems
Supriya Goyal
We study the role of colliding geometry on the balance energy (Ebal) of mass-asymmetric systems by varying the mass asymmetry ({\\eta} = AT - Ap/AT + AP, where AT and AP are the masses of the target and projectile, respectively) from 0.1 to 0.7, over the mass range 40-240 and on the mass dependence of the balance energy. Our findings reveal that colliding geometry has a significant effect on the Ebal of asymmetric systems. We find that, as we go from central collisions to peripheral ones, the effect of mass asymmetry on Ebal increases throughout the mass range. Interestingly, we find that for every fixed system mass (Atot) the effect of the impact parameter variation is almost uniform throughout the mass-asymmetry range. For each {\\eta}, Ebal follows a power-law behavior (\\propto A{\\tau}) at all colliding geometries
On the Validity of Collider-Mass Scaling for Molecular Rotational Excitation
Walker, Kyle M; Stancil, P C; Balakrishnan, N; Forrey, R C
Rate coefficients for collisional processes such as rotational and vibrational excitation are essential inputs in many astrophysical models. When rate coefficients are unknown, they are often estimated using known values from other systems. The most common example is to use He-collider rate coefficients to estimate values for other colliders, typically H$_2$, using scaling arguments based on the reduced mass of the collision system. This procedure is often justified by the assumption that the inelastic cross section is independent of the collider. Here we explore the validity of this approach focusing on rotational inelastic transitions for collisions of H, para-H$_2$, $^3$He, and $^4$He with CO in its vibrational ground state. We compare rate coefficients obtained via explicit calculations to those deduced by standard reduced-mass scaling. Not surprisingly, inelastic cross sections and rate coefficients are found to depend sensitively on both the reduced mass and the interaction potential energy surface. We ...
Linear electric field mass spectrometry
McComas, D.J.; Nordholt, J.E.
A mass spectrometer and methods for mass spectrometry are described. The apparatus is compact and of low weight and has a low power requirement, making it suitable for use on a space satellite and as a portable detector for the presence of substances. High mass resolution measurements are made by timing ions moving through a gridless cylindrically symmetric linear electric field. 8 figs.
Skogestad, Sigurd
PROCESS CONTROLLABILITY ANALYSIS USING LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTIMISATION Samara D. Chenery October linear and nonlinear dynamic optimisation techniques. For the linear case an optimal control problem is formulated to assess the best achievable performance for the set of linear time invariant (LTI) controllers
Sikes, Derek S.
MATH F314-F71 Linear Algebra Summer 2014 Instructor: Dr. Dana E. Madison, demadison2@alaska is by email. Class Dates and Times: July 7 Ł August 14, 12:00pm Ł 1:50pm Textbook: Linear Algebra and its: This is a first course in linear algebra that starts with the basic objects Ł vectors, matrices, systems of linear
Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF): Data from Supersymmetry, New Phenomena Research of the CDF Exotics Group
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) is a Tevatron experiment at Fermilab. The Tevatron, a powerful particle accelerator, accelerates protons and antiprotons close to the speed of light, and then makes them collide head-on inside the CDF detector. The CDF detector is used to study the products of such collisions. The CDF Physics Group at Fermilab is organized into six working groups, each with a specific focus. The Exotics group searches for Supersymmetry and other New Phenomena. Their public web page makes data and numerous figures available from both CDF Runs I and II.
Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF): Data from the Top Group's Top Quark Research
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) is a Tevatron experiment at Fermilab. The Tevatron, a powerful particle accelerator, accelerates protons and antiprotons close to the speed of light, and then makes them collide head-on inside the CDF detector. The CDF detector is used to study the products of such collisions. The CDF Physics Group at Fermilab is organized into six working groups, each with a specific focus. The Top group studies the properties of the top quark, the heaviest known fundamental particle. Their public web page makes data and numerous figures available from both CDF Runs I and II.
Determination of the Jet Energy Scale at the Collider Detector at Fermilab
A. Bhatti; F. Canelli; B. Heinemann; J. Adelman; D. Ambrose; J. -F. Arguin; A. Barbaro-Galtieri; H. Budd; Y. S. Chung; K. Chung; B. Cooper; C. Currat; M. D'Onofrio; T. Dorigo; R. Erbacher; R. Field; G. Flanagan; A. Gibson; K. Hatakeyama; F. Happacher; D. Hoffman; G. Introzzi; S. Kuhlmann; S. Kwang; S. Jun; G. Latino; A. Malkus; M. Mattson; A. Mehta; P. A. Movilla-Fernandez; L. Nodulman; M. Paulini; J. Proudfoot; F. Ptohos; S. Sabik; W. Sakumoto; P. Savard; M. Shochet; P. Sinervo; V. Tiwari; A. Wicklund; G. Yun
A precise determination of the energy scale of jets at the Collider Detector at Fermilab at the Tevatron $p\\bar{p}$ collider is described. Jets are used in many analyses to estimate the energies of partons resulting from the underlying physics process. Several correction factors are developed to estimate the original parton energy from the observed jet energy in the calorimeter. The jet energy response is compared between data and Monte Carlo simulation for various physics processes, and systematic uncertainties on the jet energy scale are determined. For jets with transverse momenta above 50 GeV the jet energy scale is determined with a 3% systematic uncertainty.
Discovering Higgs boson pair production through rare final states at a 100 TeV collider
Papaefstathiou, Andreas
We consider Higgs boson pair production at a future proton collider with centre-of-mass energy of 100 TeV, focusing on rare final states that include a bottom-anti-bottom quark pair and multiple isolated leptons: $hh \\rightarrow (b\\bar{b}) + n \\ell + X$, $n = \\{2,4\\}$, $X = \\{ E_T^\\mathrm{miss}, \\gamma, -\\}$. We construct experimental search strategies for observing the process through these channels and make suggestions on the desired requirements for the detector design of the future collider.
Role of colliding geometry on the N/Z dependence of balance energy
Sakshi Gautam; Aman D. Sood; Rajeev K. Puri
We study the role of colliding geometry on the N/Z dependence of balance energy using isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. Our study reveals that the N/Z dependence of balance energy becomes much steeper for peripheral collisions as compared to the central collisions. We also study the effect of system mass on the impact parameter dependence of N/Z dependence of balance energy. The study shows that lighter systems shows greater sensitivity to colliding geometry towards the N/Z dependence.
Progress on the design of a high luminosity {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup {minus}} collider
Palmer, R.B.; Sessler, A.; Tollestrup, A.; Muon Collider Collaboration
Parameters are presented for a 2 + 2 TeV muon collider with a luminosity of L = 10{sup 35} cm{sup {minus}2} s{sup {minus}1}. The design is not optimized for performance, neither for cost; however, it does suffice to allow one to make a credible case that a muon collider is a serious possibility for particle physics, that could open up the realm of physics above the 1 TeV scale, allowing, for example, copious production of supersymmetric particles or a detailed study of the strongly-interacting scenario of electroweak symmetry breaking.
Shielding optimization studies for the detector systems of the Superconducting Super Collider
Slater, C.O.; Lillie, R.A.; Gabriel, T.A.
Preliminary shielding optimization studies for the Superconducting Super Collider`s Solenoidal Detector Collaboration detector system were performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1993. The objective of the study was to reduce the neutron and gamma-ray fluxes leaving the shield to a level that resulted in insignificant effects on the functionality of the detector system. Steel and two types of concrete were considered as components of the shield, and the shield was optimized according to thickness, weight, and cost. Significant differences in the thicknesses, weights, and costs were noted for the three optimization parameters. Results from the study are presented.
Final Report - The Decline and Fall of the Superconducting Super Collider
In October 1993 the US Congress terminated the Superconducting Super Collider Ś at the time the largest pure-science project ever attempted, with a total cost estimated to exceed $10 billion. It was a stunning loss for the US highenergy physics community, which until that moment had perched for decades at the pinnacle of American science. Ever since 1993, this once-dominant scientific community has been in gradual decline. With the 2010 startup of research on the CERN Large Hadron Collider and the 2011 shutdown of the Fermilab Tevatron, world leadership in elementary-particle physics has crossed the Atlantic and returned to Europe.
GPU-optimized Code for Long-term Simulations of Beam-beam Effects in Colliders
Roblin, Yves [JLAB; Morozov, Vasiliy [JLAB; Terzic, Balsa [JLAB; Aturban, Mohamed A. [Old Dominion University; Ranjan, D. [Old Dominion University; Zubair, Mohammed [Old Dominion University
We report on the development of the new code for long-term simulation of beam-beam effects in particle colliders. The underlying physical model relies on a matrix-based arbitrary-order symplectic particle tracking for beam transport and the Bassetti-Erskine approximation for beam-beam interaction. The computations are accelerated through a parallel implementation on a hybrid GPU/CPU platform. With the new code, a previously computationally prohibitive long-term simulations become tractable. We use the new code to model the proposed medium-energy electron-ion collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab.
CLIC-LHC Based FEL-Nucleus Collider: Feasibility and Physics Search Potential
H. Braun; R. Corsini; J. P. Delahaye; E. Guliyev; A. Ozcan; S. Sultansoy; O. Yavas; S. Yigit
The feasibility of a CLIC-LHC based FEL-nucleus collider is investigated. It is shown that the proposed scheme satisfies all requirements of an ideal photon source for the Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence method. The tunability, monochromaticity and high polarization of the FEL beam together with high statistics and huge energy of LHC nucleus beams will give an unique opportunity to determine different characteristics of excited nuclear levels. The physics potential of the proposed collider is illustrated for a beam of Pb nuclei.
Les Houches guidebook to Monte Carlo generators for hadron collider physics
Dobbs, Matt A.; Frixione, Stefano; Laenen, Eric; Tollefson, Kirsten
Recently the collider physics community has seen significant advances in the formalisms and implementations of event generators. This review is a primer of the methods commonly used for the simulation of high energy physics events at particle colliders. We provide brief descriptions, references, and links to the specific computer codes which implement the methods. The aim is to provide an overview of the available tools, allowing the reader to ascertain which tool is best for a particular application, but also making clear the limitations of each tool.
Higgs bosons, electroweak symmetry breaking, and the physics of the Large Hadron Collider
Quigg, Chris; /Fermilab /CERN
The Large Hadron Collider, a 7 {circle_plus} 7 TeV proton-proton collider under construction at CERN (the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva), will take experiments squarely into a new energy domain where mysteries of the electroweak interaction will be unveiled. What marks the 1-TeV scale as an important target? Why is understanding how the electroweak symmetry is hidden important to our conception of the world around us? What expectations do we have for the agent that hides the electroweak symmetry? Why do particle physicists anticipate a great harvest of discoveries within reach of the LHC?
Why quantum dynamics is linear
Thomas F. Jordan
Quantum dynamics is linear. How do we know? From theory or experiment? The history of this question is reviewed. Nonlinear generalizations of quantum mechanics have been proposed. They predict small but clear nonlinear effects, which very accurate experiments have not seen. Is there a reason in principle why nonlinearity is not found? Is it impossible? Does quantum dynamics have to be linear? Attempts to prove this have not been decisive, because either their assumptions are not compelling or their arguments are not conclusive. The question has been left unsettled. There is a simple answer, based on a simple assumption. It was found in two steps separated by 44 years. They are steps back to simpler and more compelling assumptions. A proof of the assumptions of the Wigner-Bargmann proof has been known since 1962. It assumes that the maps of density matrices in time are linear. For this step, it is also assumed that density matrices are mapped one-to-one onto density matrices. An alternative is to assume that pure states are mapped one-to-one onto pure states and that entropy does not decrease. In a step taken in 2006, it is proved that the maps of density matrices in time are linear. It is assumed, as in the earlier step, that at each time the physical quantities and states are described by the usual linear structures of quantum mechanics, so the question is only about how things change in time. Beyond that, the proof assumes only that the dynamics does not depend on anything outside the system, but must allow the system to be described as part of a larger system.
Set Linear Algebra and Set Fuzzy Linear Algebra
W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy; Florentin Smarandache; K. Ilanthenral
In this book, the authors define the new notion of set vector spaces which is the most generalized form of vector spaces. Set vector spaces make use of the least number of algebraic operations, therefore, even a non-mathematician is comfortable working with it. It is with the passage of time, that we can think of set linear algebras as a paradigm shift from linear algebras. Here, the authors have also given the fuzzy parallels of these new classes of set linear algebras. This book is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter briefly recalls some of the basic concepts in order to make this book self-contained. Chapter two introduces the notion of set vector spaces which is the most generalized concept of vector spaces. Set vector spaces lends itself to define new classes of vector spaces like semigroup vector spaces and group vector spaces. These are also generalization of vector spaces. The fuzzy analogue of these concepts are given in Chapter three. In Chapter four, set vector spaces are generalized to biset bivector spaces and not set vector spaces. This is done taking into account the advanced information technology age in which we live. As mathematicians, we have to realize that our computer-dominated world needs special types of sets and algebraic structures. Set n-vector spaces and their generalizations are carried out in Chapter five. Fuzzy n-set vector spaces are introduced in the sixth chapter. The seventh chapter suggests more than three hundred problems.
Broken Isotropy from a Linear Modulation of the Primordial Perturbations
Christopher Gordon
A linear modulation of the primordial perturbations is proposed as an explanation for the observed asymmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data. A cut sky, reduced resolution third year "Internal Linear Combination" (ILC) map was used to estimate the modulation parameters. A foreground template and a modulated plus unmodulated monopole and dipole were projected out of the likelihood. The effective chi squared is reduced by nine for three extra parameters. The mean Galactic colatitude and longitude, of the modulation, with 68%, 95% and 99.7% confidence intervals were 56^{+17 +36 +65}_{-17 -35 -51} and 63^{+28 +59 +105}_{-26 -58 -213}. The mean percentage change of the variance, across the pole's of the modulation, was 62^{+18 +35 +57}_{-18 -35 -47}. Implications of these results and possible generating mechanisms are discussed.
Optimal Constructions of Fault Tolerant Optical Linear Compressors and Linear Decompressors
Chang, Cheng-Shang
1 Optimal Constructions of Fault Tolerant Optical Linear Compressors and Linear Decompressors Cheng linear compressors and linear decompressors. The basic network element for our constructions is scaled first obtain a fundamental result on the minimum con- struction complexity of a linear compressor
Global energy conversion rate from geostrophic flows into internal lee waves in the deep ocean
Nikurashin, Maxim
A global estimate of the energy conversion rate from geostrophic flows into internal lee waves in the ocean is presented. The estimate is based on a linear theory applied to bottom topography at O(1¢10) km scales obtained ...
Cast dielectric composite linear accelerator
Sanders, David M. (Livermore, CA); Sampayan, Stephen (Manteca, CA); Slenes, Kirk (Albuquerque, NM); Stoller, H. M. (Albuquerque, NM)
A linear accelerator having cast dielectric composite layers integrally formed with conductor electrodes in a solventless fabrication process, with the cast dielectric composite preferably having a nanoparticle filler in an organic polymer such as a thermosetting resin. By incorporating this cast dielectric composite the dielectric constant of critical insulating layers of the transmission lines of the accelerator are increased while simultaneously maintaining high dielectric strengths for the accelerator.
Linearized supergravity from Matrix theory
D. Kabat; W. Taylor
We show that the linearized supergravity potential between two objects arising from the exchange of quanta with zero longitudinal momentum is reproduced to all orders in 1/r by terms in the one-loop Matrix theory potential. The essential ingredient in the proof is the identification of the Matrix theory quantities corresponding to moments of the stress tensor and membrane current. We also point out that finite-N Matrix theory violates the equivalence principle.
Precision linear ramp function generator
Jatko, W. Bruce (Knoxville, TN); McNeilly, David R. (Maryville, TN); Thacker, Louis H. (Knoxville, TN)
A ramp function generator is provided which produces a precise linear ramp unction which is repeatable and highly stable. A derivative feedback loop is used to stabilize the output of an integrator in the forward loop and control the ramp rate. The ramp may be started from a selected baseline voltage level and the desired ramp rate is selected by applying an appropriate constant voltage to the input of the integrator.
Precision linear ramp function generator
Jatko, W.B.; McNeilly, D.R.; Thacker, L.H.
A ramp function generator is provided which produces a precise linear ramp function which is repeatable and highly stable. A derivative feedback loop is used to stabilize the output of an integrator in the forward loop and control the ramp rate. The ramp may be started from a selected baseline voltage level and the desired ramp rate is selected by applying an appropriate constant voltage to the input of the integrator.
Segmented rail linear induction motor
Cowan, M. Jr.; Marder, B.M.
A segmented rail linear induction motor has a segmented rail consisting of a plurality of nonferrous electrically conductive segments aligned along a guideway. The motor further includes a carriage including at least one pair of opposed coils fastened to the carriage for moving the carriage. A power source applies an electric current to the coils to induce currents in the conductive surfaces to repel the coils from adjacent edges of the conductive surfaces. 6 figs.
A linear induction motor conveyer
Solinsky, Kenneth Sheldon
wave 14. Fundamentals of inducing a magnetic field. 25 15. Dsr made of conducting material placed above six current carrying wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 16. Change in conductor's magnetic field with time. 27 17. Origin of. forces..., it is pos- sible to design a mears of moving certain objects, such that the arly moving parts of the entire convey- ing system are the items to be moved. Such a system can be used to move any item made of a nonmagnetic conductor. A linear inductior...
Study of nuclear dynamics of neutron-rich colliding pair at energy of vanishing flow
Sakshi Gautam
We study nuclear dynamics at the energy of vanishing flow of neutron-rich systems having N/Z ratio 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0 throughout the mass range at semi central colliding geometry. In particular we study the behavior of average and maximum density with N/Z dependence of the system.
Physics and Analysis at a Hadron Collider - Searching for New Physics (2/3)
This is the second lecture of three which together discuss the physics of hadron colliders with an emphasis on experimental techniques used for data analysis. This second lecture discusses techniques important for analyses searching for new physics using the CDF B_s --> mu+ mu- search as a specific example. The lectures are aimed at graduate students.
Muons for a Muon-Collider Kirk T. McDonald
McDonald, Kirk
. Ł LANL has experience with superconductng magnets in high radiation areas. Ę Other Radiological Issues951 Long Term: Provide a facility to test key components of the front-end of a muon collider-term radiological issues. 6 #12;Why BNL? The BNL AGS has proton beam parameters conditions closest to those
The Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration The R&D Program for
McDonald, Kirk
Channels Beam Aluminum Plate HASSANEIN (ANL) NEUTRINO-FACTORY TARGET DESIGN Cylindrical Graphite Target Time MaximumTotalPressure,katm Deposition time, ┬Ąs Carbon P T R = 7 mm Q av = 20 J/g Cylindrical Target Collider Collaboration Simple Target Tests Simple targets: Pipe, trough, waterfall: Plus: carbon and nickel
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations from colliding Bose-Einstein condensates
Johannes Kofler; Mandip Singh; Maximilian Ebner; Michael Keller; Mateusz Kotyrba; Anton Zeilinger
We propose an experiment which can demonstrate quantum correlations in a physical scenario as discussed in the seminal work of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen. Momentum-entangled massive particles are produced via the four-wave mixing process of two colliding Bose-Einstein condensates. The particles' quantum correlations can be shown in a double double-slit experiment or via ghost interference.
Cryogenic systems for the HEB accelerator of the Superconducting Super Collider
Abramovich, S.; Yuecel, A.
This report discusses the following topics related to the Superconducting Super Collider: Cryogenic system -- general requirements; cryogenic system components; heat load budgets and refrigeration plant capacities; flow and thermal characteristics; process descriptions; cryogenic control instrumentation and value engineering trade-offs.
Les Houches 2013: Physics at TeV Colliders: Standard Model Working Group Report
J. Butterworth; G. Dissertori; S. Dittmaier; D. de Florian; N. Glover; K. Hamilton; J. Huston; M. Kado; A. Korytov; F. Krauss; G. Soyez; J. R. Andersen; S. Badger; L. BarzĶ; J. Bellm; F. U. Bernlochner; A. Buckley; J. Butterworth; N. Chanon; M. Chiesa; A. Cooper-Sarkar; L. Cieri; G. Cullen; H. van Deurzen; G. Dissertori; S. Dittmaier; D. de Florian; S. Forte; R. Frederix; B. Fuks; J. Gao; M. V. Garzelli; T. Gehrmann; E. Gerwick; S. Gieseke; D. Gillberg; E. W. N. Glover; N. Greiner; K. Hamilton; T. Hapola; H. B. Hartanto; G. Heinrich; A. Huss; J. Huston; B. Jõger; M. Kado; A. Kardos; U. Klein; F. Krauss; A. Kruse; L. L÷nnblad; G. Luisoni; Daniel MaŅtre; P. Mastrolia; O. Mattelaer; J. Mazzitelli; E. Mirabella; P. Monni; G. Montagna; M. Moretti; P. Nadolsky; P. Nason; O. Nicrosini; C. Oleari; G. Ossola; S. Padhi; T. Peraro; F. Piccinini; S. Plõtzer; S. Prestel; J. Pumplin; K. Rabbertz; Voica Radescu; L. Reina; C. Reuschle; J. Rojo; M. Sch÷nherr; J. M. Smillie; J. F. von Soden-Fraunhofen; G. Soyez; R. Thorne; F. Tramontano; Z. Trocsanyi; D. Wackeroth; J. Winter; C-P. Yuan; V. Yundin; K. Zapp
This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2013 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt primarily with (1) the techniques for calculating standard model multi-leg NLO and NNLO QCD and NLO EW cross sections and (2) the comparison of those cross sections with LHC data from Run 1, and projections for future measurements in Run 2.
The $B-L$ Supersymmetric Standard Model with Inverse Seesaw at the Large Hadron Collider
Khalil, S
We review the TeV scale $B-L$ extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (BLSSM) where an inverse seesaw mechanism of light neutrino mass generation is naturally implemented and concentrate on its hallmark manifestations at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
A study of beam-beam effects in hadron colliders with a large number of bunches
Pieloni, Tatiana; Bay, Aurelio; Rivkin, Leonid
A particle beam is a collection of a large number of charges and represents an electromagnetic potential for other charges, therefore exerting forces on itself and other beams. The control of this so called Beam-Beam Interactions (BBIs) in particle colliders is fundamental to preserve beam stability and achieve the collider maximal luminosity. In the case of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these forces are experienced as localized periodic distortions when the two beams cross each other in the four experimental areas. The forces are most important for high density beams, i.e. high intensity and small beam sizes. Each LHC beam is composed of 2808 bunches, each containing $10^{11}$ protons and with a transverse size of 16~$\\mu $m at the interaction points. These extreme parameters are the key to obtain high ``luminosity'', i. e. the number of collisions per second needed to study rare physics phenomena. The BBI is therefore often the limiting factor for the luminosity of colliders. Within all BB effect...
Physics and Analysis at a Hadron Collider - Searching for New Physics (2/3)
This is the second lecture of three which together discuss the physics of hadron colliders with an emphasis on experimental techniques used for data analysis. This second lecture discusses techniques important for analyses searching for new physics using the CDF B_s --> mu+ mu- search as a specific example. The lectures are aimed at graduate students.
Detecting W/Z pairs and Higgs at high energy pp colliders: Main experimental issues
Alverson, G.; Bengtsson, H.U.; Hauptman, J.; Hedin, D.; Herrero, M.J.; Wang, E.; Linn, S.; Young, C.; Milliken, B.; Paige, F.
The main detection issues implied by the search for W and Z/sup 0/ pairs and Higgs in a high energy pp collider context are discussed here. It includes: precise electron identification, missing energy measurement, multilepton recognition, sophisticated jet pattern recognition, and pile-up. The study uses, as much as possible, a ''realistic simulation of life.''
Two fungal symbioses collide: endophytic fungi are not welcome in leaf-cutting ant gardens
Bermingham, Eldredge
Two fungal symbioses collide: endophytic fungi are not welcome in leaf-cutting ant gardens Sunshine, while the leaf material they provide to their garden is usually filled with endophytic fungi. The ants and their cultivar may interact with hundreds of endophytic fungal species, yet little is known about
Two fungal symbioses collide: endophytic fungi are not welcome in leaf-cutting ant gardens
Bermingham, Eldredge
Two fungal symbioses collide: endophytic fungi are not welcome in leaf-cutting ant gardens Sunshine with their fungal garden, while the leaf material they provide to their garden is usually filled with endophytic fungi. The ants and their cultivar may interact with hundreds of endophytic fungal species, yet little
LEIC - A Polarized Low Energy Electron-ion Collider at Jefferson Lab
Derbenev, Yaroslav S. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Hutton, Andrew M. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Krafft, Geoffrey A. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Li, Rui [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Lin, Fanglei [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Morozov, Vasiliy [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Nissen, Edward W. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Yunn, Byung C. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Zhang, He [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Sullivan, Michael K. [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (United States); Zhang, Yuhong [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States)
A polarized electron-ion collider is envisioned as the future nuclear science program at JLab beyond the 12 GeV CEBAF. Presently, a medium energy collider (MEIC) is set as an immediate goal with options for a future energy upgrade. A comprehensive design report for MEIC has been released recently. The MEIC facility could also accommodate electron and proton/ion collisions in a low CM energy range, covering proton energies from 10 to 25 GeV and ion energies with a similar magnetic rigidity, for additional science reach. In this paper, we present a conceptual design of this low energy collider, LEIC, showing its luminosity can reach above 10{sup 33} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1}. The design specifies that the large booster of the MEIC is converted to a low energy ion collider ring with an interaction region and an electron cooler integrated into it. The design provides options for either sharing the detector with the MEIC or a dedicated low energy detector in a third collision point, with advantages of either a minimum cost or extra detection parallel to the MEIC operation, respectively. The LEIC could be positioned as the first and low cost phase of a multi-stage approach to realize the full MEIC.
Emission characteristics and dynamics of the stagnation layer in colliding laser produced plasmas
Harilal, S. S.
Emission characteristics and dynamics of the stagnation layer in colliding laser produced plasmas P been investigated using time and space resolved optical emission spectroscopies and spectrally and angularly resolved fast imaging. The emission results highlight a difference in neutral atom and ion
Signatures for Right-Handed Neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider
Huitu, Katri; Rai, Santosh Kumar [Department of Physics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki (Finland); Khalil, Shaaban [Centre for Theoretical Physics, British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Postal No, 11837, P.O. Box 43 (Egypt); Department of Mathematics, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Cairo, 11566 (Egypt); Okada, Hiroshi [Centre for Theoretical Physics, British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Postal No, 11837, P.O. Box 43 (Egypt)
We explore possible signatures for right-handed neutrinos in a TeV scale B-L extension of the standard model at the Large Hadron Collider. The studied four lepton signal has a tiny standard model background. We find the signal experimentally accessible at the LHC for the considered parameter regions.
Structure and Dynamics of Colliding Plasma Jets C. K. Li,1,* D. D. Ryutov,2
Structure and Dynamics of Colliding Plasma Jets C. K. Li,1,* D. D. Ryutov,2 S. X. Hu,3 M. J at various angles shed light on the structures and dynamics of these collisions. The observations compare noncollinear jets, the observed flow structure is similar to the analytic model's prediction of a character
Measurement of proton and anti-proton intensities in the Tevatron Collider
Stephen Pordes et al.
This paper describes the techniques used to measure the intensities of the proton (p) and anti-proton ({bar p}) beams in the Tevatron collider. The systems provide simultaneous measurements of the intensity of the 36 proton and 36 antiproton bunches and their longitudinal profiles.
Colliding and Moving Bose-Einstein Condensates: Studies of superfluidity and optical tweezers for condensate transport
Colliding and Moving Bose-Einstein Condensates: Studies of superfluidity and optical tweezers for condensate transport by Ananth P. Chikkatur Submitted to the Department of Physics in partial fulfillment Bose-Einstein Condensates: Studies of superfluidity and optical tweezers for condensate transport
9-D polarized proton transport in the MEIC figure-8 collider ring: first steps
Meot, F. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Collider-Accelerator Dept.; Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Morozov, V. S. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Collider-Accelerator Dept.; Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Spin tracking studies in the MEIC figure-8 collider ion ring are presented, based on a very preliminary design of the lattice. They provide numerical illustrations of some of the aspects of the figure-8 concept, including spin-rotator based spin control, and lay out the path towards a complete spin tracking simulation of a figure-8 ring.
Workshop on Calorimetery for the Superconducting Super Collider
Mulholland, G.T.; /Fermilab
The international workshop brought together 170 participants to further develop the SSC design and performance specifications of the LAr, Gas, Scintillation, Silicon, and Warm Liquid calorimeter technologies, and to develop the general topics of Requirements, Simulation, and Electronics. Progress was made across a broad front in all areas; at the feasibility level for some and In the fine structure for others. The meeting established areas of agreement, provided some general direction, and helped to quantify some differences at widely varying levels of detector technology development. The workshop helped to level the different understandings of the participants; increased the depth of the generalists and the breadth of the specialists. A high degree of group partitioning limited access to the detailed discussion within some detector groups. The communication was clearly necessary and rewarding, and seemed to meet or exceed the expectations of most participants. This report will deal with: the Liquid Argon detector and, to a lesser extent, the Requirements working groups, an update on uranIum material logistics, and a view of LAr calorimetry by others.
Light statistics by non-calibrated linear photodetectors
Maria Bondani; Alessia Allevi; Alessandra Andreoni
We theoretically demonstrate that detectors endowed with internal gain and operated in regimes in which they do not necessarily behave as photon-counters, but still ensure linear input/output responses, can allow a self-consistent characterization of the statistics of the number of detected photons without need of knowing their gain. We present experiments performed with a photo-emissive hybrid detector on a number of classical fields endowed with non-trivial statistics and show that the method works for both microscopic and mesoscopic photon numbers. The obtained detected-photon probability distributions agree with those expected for the photon numbers, which are also reconstructed by an independent method.
Mathur, Manikandan S.
Internal waves are a ubiquitous and significant means of momentum and energy transport in the oceans, atmosphere, and astrophysical bodies. Here, we show that internal wave propagation in nonuniform density stratifications, ...
Romalis, John
This thesis is a collection of essays on the effect of trade costs on international trade. Chapter 1 derives and empirically examines how factor proportions determine the structure of commodity trade when international ...
International aeronautical user charges
Odoni, Amedeo R.
Introduction: 1.1 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION Very few issues relating to the international air transportation industry are today as divisive as those pertaining to user charges imposed at international airports and enroute ...
International Exeter annual report
-chancellor's international engagement 68 China and Hong Kong 74 India 78 United States of America 82 United Arab Emirates 88
International Exeter annual report
-Chancellor's international engagement 66 China and Hong Kong 72 India 76 United States of America 80 United Arab Emirates 86
On stabilization of linear systems with stochastic disturbances and input saturation
Sontag, Eduardo
Stoorvogel Siep Weiland Ali Saberi Abstract-- It is well-known that for linear systems internal asymptotic Saberi is with the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-2752, U.S.A., Email: email@example.com The notion of global stabilization
Proton transfer via a transient linear water-molecule chain in a membrane protein
Gerwert, Klaus
Proton transfer via a transient linear water-molecule chain in a membrane protein Erik Freiera,1-resolution protein ground-state structures of proton pumps and channels have revealed internal protein-bound water. An illustration of the formation of a pro- tonated protein-bound water cluster that is actively involved in proton
Minimal Activity Mixed-Signal VLSI Architecture for Real-Time Linear Transforms in Video
Genov, Roman
-signal processor performs digital vector- matrix multiplication using internally analog fine-grain parallel multiplication, and zero- latency analog accumulation. Matrix coefficients are stored in a bit-parallel form. INTRODUCTION Real-time computing of linear transforms on a battery- powered mobile platform imposes great
Little, Tony
MSc International Accounting and Finance #12;What is International Accounting and Finance and why involved. Why study International Accounting and Finance at Stirling? One In the most recent Research Assessment Exercise, the University of Stirling's division of Accounting and Finance was rated first equal
Fernandez, Eduardo
Marine Renewable Energy Center, one of only three in the country. u Benefit from FAU's collaborativeADMISSIONS INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ADMISSIONS INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ADMISSIONS A cutting-edge research university that offers a high-quality education WWW.FAU.EDU/INTERNATIONAL[FAU] #12;WORLD
Linear-quadratic control problem with a linear term on semiinfinite ...
Dec 15, 2003 ... We describe a complete solution of the linear-quadratic control prob- lem on a semiinfinite interval with the linear term in the objective func-.
From Domestic vs. International to Domestic and International
Amin, S. Massoud
% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Domestic International International Domestic 100% 67% 86% 29
High speed linear induction motor efficiency optimization
Johnson, Andrew P. (Andrew Peter)
One of the reasons linear motors, a technology nearly a century old, have not been adopted for a large number of linear motion applications is that they have historically had poor efficiencies. This has restricted the ...
Maggiore, Manfredi
MANEUVER REGULATION, TRANSVERSE FEEDBACK LINEARIZATION, AND ZERO DYNAMICS Chris Nielsen,1 Manfredi focus is on output maneuver regulation where stabilizing transverse dynamics is a key requirement. Keywords: Maneuver regulation, path following, feedback linearization, zero dynamics, non-square systems
Duality for Mixed-Integer Linear Programs
The theory of duality for linear programs is well-developed and has been successful ... methods for determining the effect of modifications to the input data on the ..... and the primal problem is bounded, since linear programming duality tells usĀ...
Internal energy relaxation in shock wave structure
Josyula, Eswar, E-mail: email@example.com; Suchyta, Casimir J. [Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433 (United States)] [Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433 (United States); Boyd, Iain D. [University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (United States)] [University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (United States); Vedula, Prakash [University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019 (United States)] [University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019 (United States)
The Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck (WCU) equation is numerically integrated to characterize the internal structure of Mach 3 and Mach 5 shock waves in a gas with excitation in the internal energy states for the treatment of inelastic collisions. Elastic collisions are modeled with the hard sphere collision model and the transition rates for the inelastic collisions modified appropriately using probabilities based on relative velocities of the colliding particles. The collision integral is evaluated by the conservative discrete ordinate method [F. Tcheremissine, ōSolution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation for high-speed flows,ö Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 46, 315¢329 (2006); F. Cheremisin, ōSolution of the Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck equation,ö Dokl. Phys. 47, 487¢490 (2002)] developed for the Boltzmann equation. For the treatment of the diatomic molecules, the internal energy modes in the Boltzmann equation are described quantum mechanically given by the WCU equation. As a first step in the treatment of the inelastic collisions by the WCU equation, a two- and three-quantum system is considered to study the effect of the varying of (1) the inelastic cross section and (2) the energy gap between the quantum energy states. An alternative method, the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, is used for the Mach 3 shock wave to ensure the consistency of implementation in the two methods and there is an excellent agreement between the two methods. The results from the WCU implementation showed consistent trends for the Mach 3 and Mach5 standing shock waves simulations. Inelastic contributions change the downstream equilibrium state and allow the flow to transition to the equilibrium state further upstream.
Stochastic bridges of linear systems
Yongxin Chen; Tryphon Georgiou
We study a generalization of the Brownian bridge as a stochastic process that models the position and velocity of inertial particles between the two end-points of a time interval. The particles experience random acceleration and are assumed to have known states at the boundary. Thus, the movement of the particles can be modeled as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process conditioned on position and velocity measurements at the two end-points. It is shown that optimal stochastic control provides a stochastic differential equation (SDE) that generates such a bridge as a degenerate diffusion process. Generalizations to higher order linear diffusions are considered.
Symmetries in Linear and Integer Programs
B÷di, R
The notion of symmetry is defined in the context of Linear and Integer Programming. Symmetric linear and integer programs are studied from a group theoretical viewpoint. We show that for any linear program there exists an optimal solution in the fixed point set of its symmetry group. Using this result, we develop an algorithm that allows for reducing the dimension of any linear program having a non-trivial group of symmetries.
Linear Programming Lower Bounds for Minimum Converter ...
generation algorithm for solving the linear relaxation of the most promising ... Keywords: Optical Networks, Wavelength Assignment, Integer Programming.
Optimization Online - Vector Space Decomposition for Linear ...
Jean Bertrand Gauthier
Feb 26, 2015 ... Abstract: This paper describes a vector space decomposition algorithmic framework for linear programming guided by dual feasibilityĀ...
Varying-Coefficient Functional Linear Regression Models
Cardot, Hervķ
Varying-Coefficient Functional Linear Regression Models Herv┤e Cardot1 and Pascal Sarda2 1, the ability of such non linear functional approaches to produce competitive estimations. Short title : Varying monograph. We propose here another generalization of the functional linear regression model in which
Computational Reality XIII Non-linear regression
Berlin,Technische Universitõt
Computational Reality XIII Non-linear regression Inverse analysis II B. Emek Abali @ LKM - TU Berlin Abstract Linear regression to fit and determine parameters, shown in the last tutorial, is quite useful and widely implemented, however, there are material models where parameters are coupled non-linearly
(Parallel Linear Algebra Package) Jess Cmara Moreno
Gim├®nez, Domingo
├Īlgebra lineal (Linear Algebra Objects). Tambi├®n permite la utilizaci├│n de vistas (objetos referenciadosPLAPACK (Parallel Linear Algebra Package) Jes├║s C├Īmara Moreno Programaci├│n Paralela y Computaci├│n Reducci├│n de Vectores Inicializaci├│n de PLAPACK. Funciones. Templates. Funciones. Linear Algebra Objects
Propagation and Re ection of Internal Waves B. R. Sutherland
Sutherland, Bruce
the frequency spectrum of the waves. I INTRODUCTION An internal wave is a disturbance propagating under the e a level where the Doppler-shifted frequency of the waves is comparable with the background buoyancy frequency. Although linear theory predicts that the waves should re ect if the Doppler-shifted frequency
Enhanced Turbulence due to the Superposition of Internal Gravity Waves and a Coastal Upwelling Jet
Enhanced Turbulence due to the Superposition of Internal Gravity Waves and a Coastal Upwelling Jet to shear instability. Yet, enhanced turbulence is observed in the upwelling jet, typically as long, thin), the latter during upwelling conditions (summer). Linear internal gravity waves (IGW) also have significant
Optimal Linear Quadratic Regulator for Markovian Jump Linear Systems, in the
Baras, John S.
, in the last fifteen, the classical paradigms of optimal control for Markovian jump linear systems (see CostaOptimal Linear Quadratic Regulator for Markovian Jump Linear Systems, in the presence of one time] and in the design of controllers Chizeck [1986] of controllers for Markovian jump linear systems. More specifically
The linear quadratic optimal control problem for linear descriptor systems with variable coefficients
Kunkel, Peter
The linear quadratic optimal control problem for linear descriptor systems with variable coefficients Peter Kunkel 3 Volker Mehrmann y 17.01.97 Abstract We study linear quadratic optimal control, 93B11, 93B40 1 Introduction In this paper we study the linear┬Łquadratic optimal control problem
ENGI 3423 Simple Linear Regression Page 12-01 Simple Linear Regression
George, Glyn
for dealing with non-linear regression are available in the course text, but are beyond the scopeENGI 3423 Simple Linear Regression Page 12-01 Simple Linear Regression Sometimes an experiment predict the value of Y for that value of x . The simple linear regression model is that the predicted
Computational accelerator science needs towards laser-plasma accelerators for future colliders
Geddes, C G R; Schroeder, C B; Esarey, E; Leemans, W P
Laser plasma accelerators have the potential to reduce the size of future linacs for high energy physics by more than an order of magnitude, due to their high gradient. Research is in progress at current facilities, including the BELLA PetaWatt laser at LBNL, towards high quality 10 GeV beams and staging of multiple modules, as well as control of injection and beam quality. The path towards high-energy physics applications will likely involve hundreds of such stages, with beam transport, conditioning and focusing. Current research focuses on addressing physics and R&D challenges required for a detailed conceptual design of a future collider. Here, the tools used to model these accelerators and their resource requirements are summarized, both for current work and to support R&D addressing issues related to collider concepts.
Probing Charged Higgs Boson Couplings at the FCC-hh Collider
Cakir, I T; Saygin, H; Senol, A; Cakir, O
Many of the new physics models predicts a light Higgs boson similar to the Higgs boson of the Standard Model (SM) and also extra scalar bosons. Beyond the search channels for a SM Higgs boson, the future collider experiments will explore additional channels that are specific to extended Higgs sectors. We study the charged Higgs boson production within the framework of two Higgs doublet models (THDM) in the proton-proton collisions at the FCC-hh collider. With an integrated luminosity of 500 fb$^{-1}$ at very high energy frontier, we obtain a significant coverage of the parameter space and distinguish the charged Higgs-top-bottom interaction within the THDM or other new physics models with charged Higgs boson mass up to 1 TeV.
On signatures for the Littlest Higgs model in electron-positron colliders
F. M. L. de Almeida Jr.; Y. A. Coutinho; J. A. Martins Sim§es; A. J. Ramalho; S. Wulck; M. A. B. do Vale
There is a recent proposal of identifying the Higgs particle of the Standard Model as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson. This new broken symmetry introduces new particles and new interactions. Among these new interactions a central role to get a new physics is played by the new neutral gauge boson. We have studied the new neutral currents in the Littlest Higgs model and compared with other extended models. For high energy $e^+ + e^-$ colliders we present a clear signature for new neutral gauge bosons that can indicate the theoretical origin of these particles. Previous analysis by other authors were done at collider energies equal to the new gauge boson mass $M_{A_H}$. In this paper we show that asymmetries in fermion anti-fermion production can display model differences in the case $M_{A_H} > \\sqrt{s}$. For $M_{A_H} New bounds for the new neutral gauge boson masses are also presented.
Pre-Town Meeting on Spin Physics at an Electron-Ion Collider
Elke-Caroline Aschenauer; Ian Balitsky; Leslie Bland; Stanley J. Brodsky; Matthias Burkardt; Volker Burkert; Jian-Ping Chen; Abhay Deshpande; Markus Diehl; Leonard Gamberg; Matthias Grosse Perdekamp; Jin Huang; Charles Hyde; Xiangdong Ji; Xiaodong Jiang; Zhong-Bo Kang; Valery Kubarovsky; John Lajoie; Keh-Fei Liu; Ming Liu; Simonetta Liuti; Wally Melnitchouk; Piet Mulders; Alexei Prokudin; Andrey Tarasov; Jian-Wei Qiu; Anatoly Radyushkin; David Richards; Ernst Sichtermann; Marco Stratmann; Werner Vogelsang; Feng Yuan
A polarized $ep/eA$ collider (Electron--Ion Collider, or EIC), with polarized proton and light-ion beams and unpolarized heavy-ion beams with a variable center--of--mass energy $\\sqrt{s} \\sim 20$ to $\\sim100$~GeV (upgradable to $\\sim 150$ GeV) and a luminosity up to $\\sim 10^{34} \\, \\textrm{cm}^{-2} \\textrm{s}^{-1}$, would be uniquely suited to address several outstanding questions of Quantum Chromodynamics, and thereby lead to new qualitative and quantitative information on the microscopic structure of hadrons and nuclei. During this meeting at Jefferson Lab we addressed recent theoretical and experimental developments in the spin and the three--dimensional structure of the nucleon (sea quark and gluon spatial distributions, orbital motion, polarization, and their correlations). This mini--review contains a short update on progress in these areas since the EIC White paper~\\cite{Accardi:2012qut}.
Reticle stage based linear dosimeter
Berger, Kurt W.
A detector to measure EUV intensity employs a linear array of photodiodes. The detector is particularly suited for photolithography systems that includes: (i) a ringfield camera; (ii) a source of radiation; (iii) a condenser for processing radiation from the source of radiation to produce a ringfield illumination field for illuminating a mask; (iv) a reticle that is positioned at the ringfield camera's object plane and from which a reticle image in the form of an intensity profile is reflected into the entrance pupil of the ringfield camera, wherein the reticle moves in a direction that is transverse to the length of the ringfield illumination field that illuminates the reticle; (v) detector for measuring the entire intensity along the length of the ringfield illumination field that is projected onto the reticle; and (vi) a wafer onto which the reticle imaged is projected from the ringfield camera.
Reticle stage based linear dosimeter
Berger, Kurt W. (Livermore, CA)
A detector to measure EUV intensity employs a linear array of photodiodes. The detector is particularly suited for photolithography systems that includes: (i) a ringfield camera; (ii) a source of radiation; (iii) a condenser for processing radiation from the source of radiation to produce a ringfield illumination field for illuminating a mask; (iv) a reticle that is positioned at the ringfield camera's object plane and from which a reticle image in the form of an intensity profile is reflected into the entrance pupil of the ringfield camera, wherein the reticle moves in a direction that is transverse to the length of the ringfield illumination field that illuminates the reticle; (v) detector for measuring the entire intensity along the length of the ringfield illumination field that is projected onto the reticle; and (vi) a wafer onto which the reticle imaged is projected from the ringfield camera.
Refraction index analysis of light propagation in a colliding gravitational wave spacetime
Donato Bini; Andrea Geralico; Maria Haney
The optical medium analogy of a given spacetime was developed decades ago and has since then been widely applied to different gravitational contexts. Here we consider the case of a colliding gravitational wave spacetime, generalizing previous results concerning single gravitational pulses. Given the complexity of the nonlinear interaction of two gravitational waves in the framework of general relativity, typically leading to the formation of either horizons or singularities, the optical medium analogy proves helpful to simply capture some interesting effects of photon propagation.
Second order QCD corrections to gluonic jet production at hadron colliders
James Currie; Aude Gehrmann-De Ridder; Thomas Gehrmann; Nigel Glover; Joao Pires; Steven Wells
We report on the calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections to the production of two gluonic jets at hadron colliders. In previous work, we discussed gluonic dijet production in the gluon-gluon channel. Here, for the first time, we update our numerical results to include the leading colour contribution to the production of two gluonic jets via quark-antiquark scattering.
Nucleon Decay and Neutrino Experiments, Experiments at High Energy Hadron Colliders, and String Theor
Jung, Chang Kee [State University of New York at Stony Brook; Douglas, Michaek [State University of New York at Stony Brook; Hobbs, John [State University of New York at Stony Brook; McGrew, Clark [State University of New York at Stony Brook; Rijssenbeek, Michael [State University of New York at Stony Brook
This is the final report of the DOE grant DEFG0292ER40697 that supported the research activities of the Stony Brook High Energy Physics Group from November 15, 1991 to April 30, 2013. During the grant period, the grant supported the research of three Stony Brook particle physics research groups: The Nucleon Decay and Neutrino group, the Hadron Collider Group, and the Theory Group.
Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson at the LEP2 Collider near
Boyer, Edmond
Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson at the LEP2 Collider near ps = 183 GeV The ALEPHV. These data are used to look for possible signals from the production of the Standard Model Higgs boson on the mass of the Higgs boson: mH > 87:9 GeV=c2 at 95% con#12;dence level. The ALEPH Collaboration wish
A bipolar monolithic preamplifier for high-capacitance SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) silicon calorimetry
Britton, C.L. Jr. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)); Kennedy, E.J. (Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (USA). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)); Bugg, W.M. (Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (USA). Dept. of Physics)
This paper describes a preamplifier designed and fabricated specifically to address the requirements of silicon calorimetry for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). The topology and its features are discussed in addition to the design methodology employed. The simulated and measured results for noise, power consumption, and speed are presented. Simulated an measured data for radiation damage effects as well as data for post-damage annealing are also presented. 8 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
mTGen: mass scale measurements in pair-production at colliders
Lester, Christopher G; Barr, Alan
ar X iv :0 70 8. 10 28 v4 [ he p- ph ] 6 A ug 20 09 Cavendish-HEP-2007-05 PACS: 13.85.Hd 13.85.-t 11.30.Pb 11.80.Cr 12.60.-i mTGen : Mass scale measurements in pair-production at colliders Christopher G. Lesterå and Alan J. Barrć å Cavendish...
Physics and Analysis at a Hadron Collider - Making Measurements (3/3)
This is the third lecture of three which together discuss the physics of hadron colliders with an emphasis on experimental techniques used for data analysis. This third lecture discusses techniques important for analyses making a measurement (e.g. determining a cross section or a particle property such as its mass or lifetime) using some CDF top-quark analyses as specific examples. The lectures are aimed at graduate students.
Les Houches 2013: Physics at TeV Colliders: New Physics Working Group Report
G. Brooijmans; R. Contino; B. Fuks; F. Moortgat; P. Richardson; S. Sekmen; A. Weiler; A. Alloul; A. Arbey; J. Baglio; D. Barducci; A. J. Barr; L. Basso; M. Battaglia; G. Bķlanger; A. Belyaev; J. Bernon; A. Bharucha; O. Bondu; F. Boudjema; E. Boos; M. Buchkremer; V. Bunichev; G. Cacciapaglia; G. Chalons; E. Conte; M. J. Dolan; A. Deandrea; K. De Causmaecker; A. Djouadi; B. Dumont; J. Ellis; C. Englert; A. Falkowski; S. Fichet; T. Flacke; A. Gaz; M. Ghezzi; R. Godbole; A. Goudelis; M. Gouzevitch; D. Greco; R. Grober; C. Grojean; D. Guadagnoli; J. F. Gunion; B. Herrmann; J. Kalinowski; J. H. Kim; S. Kraml; M. E. Krauss; S. Kulkarni; S. J. Lee; S. H. Lim; D. Liu; F. Mahmoudi; Y. Maravin; A. Massironi; L. Mitzka; K. Mohan; G. Moreau; M. M. M³hlleitner; D. T. Nhung; B. O'Leary; A. Oliveira; L. Panizzi; D. Pappadopulo; S. Pataraia; W. Porod; A. Pukhov; F. Riva; J. Rojo; R. Rosenfeld; J. Ruiz-┴lvarez; H. Rzehak; V. Sanz; D. Sengupta; M. Spannowsky; M. Spira; J. Streicher; N. Strobbe; A. Thamm; M. Thomas; R. Torre; W. Waltenberger; K. Walz; A. Wilcock; A. Wulzer; F. W³rthwein; C. Wymant
We present the activities of the "New Physics" working group for the "Physics at TeV Colliders" workshop (Les Houches, France, 3--21 June, 2013). Our report includes new computational tool developments, studies of the implications of the Higgs boson discovery on new physics, important signatures for searches for natural new physics at the LHC, new studies of flavour aspects of new physics, and assessments of the interplay between direct dark matter searches and the LHC.
Internal dosimetry software comparison
Fulmer, Judith Renee
(ICRP) published in 1979 provided an improved approach for the assessment of internal dose. The ICRP recommendations were implemented in federal regulations promulgated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in the Code of Federal Regulations (10... in the assessment of internal dose has led to the development of various computer software. In this study, several internal dosimetry codes were examined using a standard set of benchmark problems incorporating authentic exposure data. Personal computer...
Constraining Light Dark Matter with Low-Energy e+e- Colliders
Rouven Essig; Jeremy Mardon; Michele Papucci; Tomer Volansky; Yi-Ming Zhong
We investigate the power of low-energy, high-luminosity electron--positron colliders to probe hidden sectors with a mass below ~10 GeV that couple to Standard Model particles through a light mediator. Such sectors provide well-motivated dark matter candidates, and can give rise to distinctive mono-photon signals at B-factories and similar experiments. We use data from an existing mono-photon search by BaBar to place new constraints on this class of models, and give projections for the sensitivity of a similar search at a future B-factory such as Belle II. We find that the sensitivity of such searches are more powerful than searches at other collider or fixed-target facilities for hidden-sector mediators and particles with masses between a few hundred MeV and 10 GeV. Mediators produced on-shell and decaying invisibly to hidden-sector particles such as dark matter can be probed particularly well. Sensitivity to light dark matter produced through an off-shell mediator is more limited, but may be improved with a better control of backgrounds, allowing background estimation and a search for kinematic edges. We compare our results to existing and future direct detection experiments and show that low-energy colliders provide an indispensable and complementary avenue to search for light dark matter. The implementation of a mono-photon trigger at Belle II would provide an unparalleled window into such light hidden sectors.
By the end of this decade, the advancement of current and planned research into the fundamental structure of matter will require a new facility, the Electron Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will collide high-energy beams of polarized electrons from polarized protons and neutrons, and unpolarized beams of electrons off atomic nuclei with unprecedented intensity. Research at the EIC will lead to a detailed understanding of the structure of the proton, neutron, and atomic nuclei as described by Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD), the accepted theory of the strong interaction. The EIC will establish quantitative answers to important questions by delivering dramatically increased precision over existing and planned experiments and by providing completely new experimental capabilities. Indeed, the EIC will probe QCD in a manner not possible previously. This document presents the scientific case for the design, construction and operation of the EIC. While realization of the EIC requires a significant advance in the development of efficient means of producing powerful beams of energetic electrons, an important consideration for choosing the site of the EIC is the planned upgrade to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The upgrade planned for RHIC will fully meet the requirements for the ion beam for the EIC, providing a distinct advantage in terms of cost, schedule and the final operation.
Proton annihilation at hadron colliders and Kamioka: high-energy versus high-luminosity
Joseph Bramante; Jason Kumar; John Learned
We examine models and prospects for proton annihilation to dileptons, a process which violates baryon and lepton number each by two. We determine that currently Super-Kamiokande would place the most draconian bound on $pp \\rightarrow \\ell^+ \\ell^+$, ruling out new physics below a scale of $\\sim 1.6$ TeV. We also find present and future hadron collider sensitivity to these processes. While 8 TeV LHC data excludes new physics at a scale below $\\sim 800$ GeV, the reach of a 14 TeV LHC run is $\\sim 1.8$ TeV, putting it on par with the sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande. On the other hand, a 100 TeV proton-proton collider would be sensitive to proton annihilation at a scale up to 10 TeV, allowing it to far exceed the reach of both Super-Kamiokande and the projected 2 TeV reach of Hyper-Kamiokande. Constraints from neutron star observation and cosmological evolution are not competitive. Therefore, although high-luminosity water Cherenkov experiments currently place the leading bounds on baryon and lepton number violation, next generation high-energy hadron colliders will begin surpassing them in sensitivity to some $B/L$-violating processes.
Studies of Gauge Boson Production with a gamma/gamma-collider at TESLA
Jadranka Sekaric
In absence of the Standard Model Higgs boson the interaction among the gauge bosons becomes strong at high energies and influences the couplings between them. Each trilinear and quartic gauge boson vertex is characterised by a set of couplings which are expected to deviate from their Standard Model values already at energies lower than the energy scale of the New Physics.The precise measurement of gauge boson couplings can provide clues to the mechanism of the electroweak symmetry breaking and their anomalous values can be a sign of a New Physics effect beyond the Standard Model. The estimated precisions of the trilinear gauge boson coupling (TGC) measurements at a photon collider are about one to two orders of magnitude higher than at LEP and Tevatron providing a measurement highly sensitive to the physics beyond the Standard Model. The optimisation of the forward region of the photon collider detector brings the amount of the low-energy background to the manageable level providing a clean environment for the TGC measurements at a photon collider with estimated precisions.
Study of high pressure gas filled RF cavities for muon collider
Yonehara, Katsuya
Muon collider is a considerable candidate of the next-generation high-energy lepton collider machine. Operating an RF cavity in a multi-Tesla magnet is a critical requirement in a muon accelerator and a cooling channel. However, the maximum RF gradient in a vacuum RF cavity is strongly limited by an external magnetic field. Dense hydrogen gas filled RF cavity has been proposed since it is functional of generating a high RF accelerating gradient in a strong magnetic field and making an ionization cooling process at the same time. A critical issue of the cavity is a beam- induced plasma that consumes a considerable amount of RF power. The gas filled RF test cell was made and measured the RF loading due to a beam-induced plasma by using an intense proton beam at Fermilab. By doping an electronegative gas in dense hydrogen, the plasma loading effect is significantly mitigated. The result shows that the cavity is functional with a muon collider beam. Recent progress is shown in this presentation.
Toward particle-level filtering of individual collision events at the Large Hadron Collider and beyond
Federico Colecchia
Low-energy strong interactions are a major source of background at hadron colliders, and methods of subtracting the associated energy flow are well established in the field. Traditional approaches treat the contamination as diffuse, and estimate background energy levels either by averaging over large data sets or by restricting to given kinematic regions inside individual collision events. On the other hand, more recent techniques take into account the discrete nature of background, most notably by exploiting the presence of substructure inside hard jets, i.e. inside collections of particles originating from scattered hard quarks and gluons. However, none of the existing methods subtract background at the level of individual particles inside events. We illustrate the use of an algorithm that can enable particle-by-particle background discrimination at the Large Hadron Collider, and we envisage this as the basis for a novel event filtering procedure upstream of the official jet reconstruction pipelines. Our hope is that this new technique will improve physics analysis when used in combination with state-of-the-art algorithms in high-luminosity hadron collider environments.
Long-Lived Sleptons at the LHC and a 100 TeV Proton Collider
Feng, Jonathan L; Shadmi, Yael; Tarem, Shlomit
We study the prospects for long-lived charged particle (LLCP) searches at current and future LHC runs and at a 100 TeV pp collider, using Drell-Yan slepton pair production as an example. Because momentum measurements become more challenging for very energetic particles, we carefully treat the expected momentum resolution. At the same time, a novel feature of 100 TeV collisions is the significant energy loss of energetic muons in detectors. We use this to help discriminate between muons and LLCPs. We find that the 14 TeV LHC with an integrated luminosity of 3 ab$^{-1}$ can probe LLCP slepton masses up to 1.2 TeV, and a 100 TeV pp collider with 3 ab$^{-1}$ can probe LLCP slepton masses up to 4 TeV, using time-of-flight measurements. These searches will have striking implications for dark matter, with the LHC definitively testing the possibility of slepton-neutralino co-annihilating WIMP dark matter, and with the LHC and future hadron colliders having a strong potential for discovering LLCPs in models with super...
Long-Lived Sleptons at the LHC and a 100 TeV Proton Collider
Jonathan L. Feng; Sho Iwamoto; Yael Shadmi; Shlomit Tarem
We study the prospects for long-lived charged particle (LLCP) searches at current and future LHC runs and at a 100 TeV pp collider, using Drell-Yan slepton pair production as an example. Because momentum measurements become more challenging for very energetic particles, we carefully treat the expected momentum resolution. At the same time, a novel feature of 100 TeV collisions is the significant energy loss of energetic muons in detectors. We use this to help discriminate between muons and LLCPs. We find that the 14 TeV LHC with an integrated luminosity of 3 ab$^{-1}$ can probe LLCP slepton masses up to 1.2 TeV, and a 100 TeV pp collider with 3 ab$^{-1}$ can probe LLCP slepton masses up to 4 TeV, using time-of-flight measurements. These searches will have striking implications for dark matter, with the LHC definitively testing the possibility of slepton-neutralino co-annihilating WIMP dark matter, and with the LHC and future hadron colliders having a strong potential for discovering LLCPs in models with superWIMP dark matter.
Not Available
It is the intent of EM International to describe the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management`s (EM`s) various roles and responsibilities within the international community. Cooperative agreements and programs, descriptions of projects and technologies, and synopses of visits to international sites are all highlighted in this semiannual journal. Focus on EM programs in this issue is on international collaboration in vitrification projects. Technology highlights covers: in situ sealing for contaminated sites; and remote sensors for toxic pollutants. Section on profiles of countries includes: Arctic contamination by the former Soviet Union, and EM activities with Germany--cooperative arrangements.
R&D of Accelerator Structures at SLAC
Wang, J.W.; /SLAC
The research activities for accelerator structures at SLAC are reviewed including the achievement via the main linac design for the Next Linear Collider (NLC), the program adjustment after the decision of the International Linear Collider (ILC) to be based on superconducting technology, and the work progress for the ILC, photon science at SLAC and basic accelerator structure studies.
Non-Linear Seismic Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) Method for...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Non-Linear Seismic Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) Method for Developing Non-Linear Seismic SSI Analysis Techniques Non-Linear Seismic Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) Method for...
International Programs in Agriculture
International Programs in Agriculture MessagefromtheDirectorŁ Staying Ahead of Globalization and more prosperous place for all. Fortunately, Purdue International Programs in Agriculture (IPIA) has natural disasters caution us to remember the power of nature. The United Nations Food and Agriculture
Ken Loo
Using nonstandard analysis, we will extend the classical Turing machines into the internal Turing machines. The internal Turing machines have the capability to work with infinite ($*$-finite) number of bits while keeping the finite combinatoric structures of the classical Turing machines. We will show the following. The internal deterministic Turing machines can do in $*$-polynomial time what a classical deterministic Turing machine can do in an arbitrary finite amount of time. Given an element of $\\in HALT$ (more precisely, the $*$-embedding of $HALT$), there is an internal deterministic Turing machine which will take $$ as input and halt in the $"yes"$ state. The language ${}^*Halt$ can not be decided by the internal deterministic Turing machines. The internal deterministic Turing machines can be viewed as the asymptotic behavior of finite precision approximation to real number computations. It is possible to use the internal probabilistic Turing machines to simulate finite state quantum mechanics with infinite precision. This simulation suggests that no information can be transmitted instantaneously and at the same time, the Turing machine model can simulate instantaneous collapse of the wave function. The internal deterministic Turing machines are powerful, but if $P \
Conference Proceedings International Conference
Hemmers, Oliver
Conference Proceedings 10th International Conference on Hand-Arm Vibration 7-11 June 2004 Flamingo related to HAVS. The published proceedings from these conferences have become blueprints for assessing, the entertainment capital of the world: The 10th International Hand-Arm Vibration Conference will be the second time
Blue Award 2012 ┬Ę International Student Competition for Sustainable Architecture Sign in: www.blueaward.at Blue Award 2012 ┬Ę International Student Competition for Sustainable Architecture Organizers Vienna blueaward.at Organizers Vienna University of Technology Department for Spatial and Sustainable Design
Zevenhoven, Ron
of energy systems; 5.Refrigeration & air conditioning; Heat pumps; 6.Fuel cells; 7.Biomass / biofuels; bio E C o S 2 0 JuNE 15-19 27th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, 1 4 Optimization International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy
Summer 2012 Mathematics 317, Linear Algebra
Long, Nicholas
or download a .pdf version for use on a Kindle or Sony Reader or a printable .pdf version. You do not need://linear.ups.edu/xml/latest/fcla-xml-latest.xml Amazon Kindle DX format (optimized PDF): http://linear.ups.edu/download/fcla-kindleDX-2.30.pdf SONY Reader format (optimized PDF for PRS-500, PRS-505): http://linear.ups.edu/download/fcla-sony505-2.30.pdf
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 90C05; Secondary 65K05. Key words and phrases. linear programming, dual level face, dual optimal face .
Stochastic linear programming games with concave preferences
We study stochastic linear programming games: a class of stochastic ... which include minimum cost spanning trees (Granot and Huberman 1981) as a special
Optimization Online - Equivalence of an Approximate Linear ...
Alejandro Toriello
Feb 7, 2013 ... Equivalence of an Approximate Linear Programming Bound with the Held-Karp Bound for the Traveling Salesman Problem. Alejandro TorielloĀ...
LED Replacements for Linear Fluorescent Lamps Webcast
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
In this June 20, 2011 webcast on LED products marketed as replacements for linear fluorescent lamps, Jason Tuenge of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) discussed current Lighting...
Linear conic optimization for nonlinear optimal control
Jul 7, 2014 ... This linear transport equation is classical in fluid mechanics, statistical ... define a relaxed optimal control problem as an LP in the cone of non-.
Elastic Wave Behavior Across Linear Slip Interfaces
Schoenberg, M.
plane waves incident at arbitrary angles upon a plane linear slip interface are computed ... Also included in these sections is an analysis ... ish, Ut is of the form.
Linear dependence of exponentials - Department of Mathematics ...
in the books of the Russian mathematician A. Leontiev. Dear Steven and Sherman,. I recently saw the problem on ōlinear independence of exponentialsö.
Optimization Online - Linear equalities in blackbox optimization
Charles Audet
May 28, 2014 ... ... neither in theory nor in practice. The present work proposes extensions to treat problems with linear equalities whose expression is known.
Optimization Online - Linear, Cone and Semidefinite Programming ...
Strong duality in conic linear programming: facial reduction and extended duals ... A new semide nite programming relaxation for the quadratic assignmentĀ...
Ultra-high vacuum photoelectron linear accelerator
Yu, David U.L.; Luo, Yan
An rf linear accelerator for producing an electron beam. The outer wall of the rf cavity of said linear accelerator being perforated to allow gas inside said rf cavity to flow to a pressure chamber surrounding said rf cavity and having means of ultra high vacuum pumping of the cathode of said rf linear accelerator. Said rf linear accelerator is used to accelerate polarized or unpolarized electrons produced by a photocathode, or to accelerate thermally heated electrons produced by a thermionic cathode, or to accelerate rf heated field emission electrons produced by a field emission cathode.
The Linear Complementarity Problem, Lemke Algorithm ...
graphs [4], [14], [9] and the research articles in their reference lists. One of the interesting ..... The Linear Complementarity Problem, Academic-Press,. Inc., 1992
Students' Perceptions of International Agriculture After an International Agricultural ExperienceĀ
Miller, Kasey Lynn
/schedule, language, safety and health, and time away from home; finally, benefits included experience in international agriculture and natural resources, culture, international travel, global perspective, and education. This study found that international agriculture...
Sustainable Development Summer Intern Report 2013 Sustainable Development Summer Intern
Sustainable Development Summer Intern Report 2013 Sustainable Development Summer Intern Final amongst university's invested in sustainable development. Our small but mighty size allows us to build through positive sustainable practices. As the Sustainable Development Summer Intern I am fortunate enough
Sustainable Development Summer Intern Report 2010 Sustainable Development Summer Intern
Sustainable Development Summer Intern Report 2010 1 Sustainable Development Summer Intern Final of Bishop's University. The role of the Sustainable Development Summer Intern (SDSI) is to coordinate and organize sustainable development information and activities during the summer months. Ensuring
The Equivalence of Linear Programs and Zero-Sum Games
In 1951, Dantzig showed the equivalence of linear programming problems and ... This note concerns the equivalence between linear programming (LP)Ā...
Off-shell effects in Higgs decays to heavy gauge bosons and signal-background interference in Higgs decays to photons at a linear collider
Liebler, Stefan
We discuss off-shell contributions in Higgs decays to heavy gauge bosons $H\\rightarrow VV^{(*)}$ with $V\\in\\lbrace Z,W\\rbrace$ for a standard model (SM) Higgs boson for both dominant production processes $e^+e^-\\rightarrow ZH\\rightarrow ZVV^{(*)}$ and $e^+e^-\\rightarrow \
W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy; Florentin Smarandache
This book is a continuation of the book n-linear algebra of type I and its applications. Most of the properties that could not be derived or defined for n-linear algebra of type I is made possible in this new structure: n-linear algebra of type II which is introduced in this book. In case of n-linear algebra of type II we are in a position to define linear functionals which is one of the marked difference between the n-vector spaces of type I and II. However all the applications mentioned in n-linear algebras of type I can be appropriately extended to n-linear algebras of type II. Another use of n-linear algebra (n-vector spaces) of type II is that when this structure is used in coding theory we can have different types of codes built over different finite fields whereas this is not possible in the case of n-vector spaces of type I. Finally in the case of n-vector spaces of type II, we can obtain n-eigen values from distinct fields; hence, the n-characteristic polynomials formed in them are in distinct different fields. An attractive feature of this book is that the authors have suggested 120 problems for the reader to pursue in order to understand this new notion. This book has three chapters. In the first chapter the notion of n-vector spaces of type II are introduced. This chapter gives over 50 theorems. Chapter two introduces the notion of n-inner product vector spaces of type II, n-bilinear forms and n-linear functionals. The final chapter suggests over a hundred problems. It is important that the reader is well-versed not only with linear algebra but also n-linear algebra of type I.
space exploration infrastructure standards facilitating interoperability through an international with relevant existing international working groups/ organisations. ┬Ę Preparation and Organization of a WS1 INTERNATIONAL SPACE EXPLORATION COORDINATION GROUP WORKPLAN Update following 3rd ISECG Meeting
Company Name: Linear Technology Corporation Web Site: www.linear.com
New Hampshire, University of
Company Name: Linear Technology Corporation Web Site: www.linear.com Industry: Semiconductor Brief worldwide for three decades. The Company's products provide an essential bridge between our analog world
NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 2011; 18:961980
De Sterck, Hans
NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 2011; 18:961Ł980 Published aggregation method of [1], and the Markov chain algebraic multigrid (MCAMG) method of [3] using the OTF
International energy annual 1996
The International Energy Annual presents an overview of key international energy trends for production, consumption, imports, and exports of primary energy commodities in over 220 countries, dependencies, and areas of special sovereignty. Also included are population and gross domestic product data, as well as prices for crude oil and petroleum products in selected countries. Renewable energy reported in the International Energy Annual includes hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and wind electric power, biofuels energy for the US, and biofuels electric power for Brazil. New in the 1996 edition are estimates of carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption of petroleum and coal, and the consumption and flaring of natural gas. 72 tabs.
Best Linear Unbiased Estimate Motivation for BLUE
Fowler, Mark
1 Chapter 6 Best Linear Unbiased Estimate (BLUE) #12;2 Motivation for BLUE Except for Linear Model to a sub-optimal estimate BLUE is one such sub-optimal estimate Idea for BLUE: 1. Restrict estimate) Advantage of BLUE:Needs only 1st and 2nd moments of PDF Mean & Covariance Disadvantages of BLUE: 1. Sub
On linear programing approach to inventory control
Mayfield, John
On linear programing approach to inventory control problems Zhu received his PhD from Wayne State with inventory control problems under the discounted criterion. The objective is to minimize the discounted total imbeds the inventory control problem into an infinite-dimensional linear program over a space of measures
Architecture of an Automatic Tuned Linear Algebra
Gim├®nez, Domingo
/01 and PI-34/00788/F5/01. #12;Hierarchical Architecture of a Self-Optimised Lineal Algebra LibraryArchitecture of an Automatic Tuned Linear Algebra Library* Javier Cuenca Domingo Gim├®nez Jos├® .... SPt c,z Architecture of a Self-Optimised Linear Algebra Routine (SOLAR) Installation_information n1
Hierarchical Linear Discriminant Analysis for Beamforming
Park, Haesun
model of h-LDA by relating it to the two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), which fits well dimension reduction, hierarchical linear discriminant analysis (h-LDA) to a well-known spatial localization1 Hierarchical Linear Discriminant Analysis for Beamforming Jaegul Choo , Barry L. Drake
Soft materials for linear electromechanical energy conversion
Antal Jakli; Nandor Eber
We briefly review the literature of linear electromechanical effects of soft materials, especially in synthetic and biological polymers and liquid crystals (LCs). First we describe results on direct and converse piezoelectricity, and then we discuss a linear coupling between bending and electric polarization, which maybe called bending piezoelectricity, or flexoelectricity.
Nica, Bogdan
1960). A finitely generated linear group over a field of zero characteristic is virtually torsion) a subgroup of GLn(K), where K is a field. If we want to specify the field, we say that the group is linear torsion-free if some finite-index subgroup is torsion-free. As a matter of further termi- nology, Selberg
Thvenin's Theorem Linear two-terminal circuit
Kozick, Richard J.
Thķvenin's Theorem Linear two-terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit composed at terminals with allResistance at terminals with all independent circuit sources set to zero #12;Norton's Theorem Linear two-terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalentbe replaced by an equivalent circuit
Voltage regulation in linear induction accelerators
Parsons, William M. (Santa Fe, NM)
Improvement in voltage regulation in a Linear Induction Accelerator wherein a varistor, such as a metal oxide varistor, is placed in parallel with the beam accelerating cavity and the magnetic core. The non-linear properties of the varistor result in a more stable voltage across the beam accelerating cavity than with a conventional compensating resistance.
Slatton, Clint
1 LOCAL LINEAR PID CONTROLLERS FOR NONLINEAR CONTROL Jing Lan1, Jeongho Cho1, Deniz Erdogmus2, email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com Abstract Nonlinear PID design is difficult if one approaches modeling approach with traditional linear PID controller design techniques to arrive at a principled
Voltage regulation in linear induction accelerators
Parsons, W.M.
Improvement in voltage regulation in a linear induction accelerator wherein a varistor, such as a metal oxide varistor, is placed in parallel with the beam accelerating cavity and the magnetic core is disclosed. The non-linear properties of the varistor result in a more stable voltage across the beam accelerating cavity than with a conventional compensating resistance. 4 figs.
Linear Algebra Notes David A. SANTOS
California at Santa Cruz, University of
Linear Algebra Notes David A. SANTOS email@example.com January 2, 2010 REVISION #12;ii Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2 Matrices and Matrix Operations 18 2.1 The Algebra of Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.3 Diagonalisability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 7.4 Theorem of Cayley and Hamilton . . . . . 147 8 Linear Algebra
Blood Management Using Approximate Linear Programming
Shenoy, Prashant
Blood Management Using Approximate Linear Programming Marek Petrik and Shlomo Zilberstein January 13th, 2009 Marek Petrik and Shlomo Zilberstein () Blood Management Using Approximate Linear ProgrammingJanuary 13th, 2009 1 / 36 #12;Blood Inventory Management Problem Regional blood banks: Aggregate
Non-thermal high-energy emission from colliding winds of massive stars
A. Reimer; M. Pohl; O. Reimer
Colliding winds of massive star binary systems are considered as potential sites of non-thermal high-energy photon production. This is motivated merely by the detection of synchrotron radio emission from the expected colliding wind location. Here we investigate the properties of high-energy photon production in colliding winds of long-period WR+OB-systems. We found that in the dominating leptonic radiation process anisotropy and Klein-Nishina effects may yield spectral and variability signatures in the gamma-ray domain at or above the sensitivity of current or upcoming gamma-ray telescopes. Analytical formulae for the steady-state particle spectra are derived assuming diffusive particle acceleration out of a pool of thermal wind particles, and taking into account adiabatic and all relevant radiative losses. For the first time we include their advection/convection in the wind collision zone, and distinguish two regions within this extended region: the acceleration region where spatial diffusion is superior to convective/advective motion, and the convection region defined by the convection time shorter than the diffusion time scale. The calculation of the Inverse Compton radiation uses the full Klein-Nishina cross section, and takes into account the anisotropic nature of the scattering process. This leads to orbital flux variations by up to several orders of magnitude which may, however, be blurred by the geometry of the system. The calculations are applied to the typical WR+OB-systems WR 140 and WR 147 to yield predictions of their expected spectral and temporal characteristica and to evaluate chances to detect high-energy emission with the current and upcoming gamma-ray experiments. (abridged)
A new micro-strip tracker for the new generation of experiments at hadron colliders
Dinardo, Mauro E.; /Milan U.
This thesis concerns the development and characterization of a prototype Silicon micro-strip detector that can be used in the forward (high rapidity) region of a hadron collider. These detectors must operate in a high radiation environment without any important degradation of their performance. The innovative feature of these detectors is the readout electronics, which, being completely data-driven, allows for the direct use of the detector information at the lowest level of the trigger. All the particle hits on the detector can be readout in real-time without any external trigger and any particular limitation due to dead-time. In this way, all the detector information is available to elaborate a very selective trigger decision based on a fast reconstruction of tracks and vertex topology. These detectors, together with the new approach to the trigger, have been developed in the context of the BTeV R&D program; our aim was to define the features and the design parameters of an optimal experiment for heavy flavour physics at hadron colliders. Application of these detectors goes well beyond the BTeV project and, in particular, involves the future upgrades of experiments at hadron colliders, such as Atlas, CMS and LHCb. These experiments, indeed, are already considering for their future high-intensity runs a new trigger strategy a la BTeV. Their aim is to select directly at trigger level events containing Bhadrons, which, on several cases, come from the decay of Higgs bosons, Z{sup o}'s or W{sup {+-}}'s; the track information can also help on improving the performance of the electron and muon selection at the trigger level. For this reason, they are going to develop new detectors with practically the same characteristics as those of BTeV. To this extent, the work accomplished in this thesis could serve as guide-line for those upgrades.
Assumptions that imply quantum dynamics is linear
Thomas F. Jordan
A basic linearity of quantum dynamics, that density matrices are mapped linearly to density matrices, is proved very simply for a system that does not interact with anything else. It is assumed that at each time the physical quantities and states are described by the usual linear structures of quantum mechanics. Beyond that, the proof assumes only that the dynamics does not depend on anything outside the system but must allow the system to be described as part of a larger system. The basic linearity is linked with previously established results to complete a simple derivation of the linear Schrodinger equation. For this it is assumed that density matrices are mapped one-to-one onto density matrices. An alternative is to assume that pure states are mapped one-to-one onto pure states and that entropy does not decrease.
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
International Activity in Gasification and Coal to Liquids Development News Gasifipedia Coal-Biomass Feed Advanced Fuels Synthesis Systems Analyses International Activity Project...
Linear Transformations In this Chapter, we will define the notion of a linear transformation between
Carrell, Jim
Chapter 6 Linear Transformations In this Chapter, we will define the notion of a linear transformation between two vector spaces V and W which are defined over the same field and prove the most basic transformations is equivalent to matrix theory. We will also study the geometric properties of linear
Cold- and Beam Test of the First Prototypes of the Superstructure for the TESLA Collider
Baboi, Nicoleta
After three years of preparation, two superstructures, each made of two superconducting 7-cell weakly coupled subunits, have been installed in the TESLA Test Facility linac (TTF) for the cold- and beam-test. The energy stability, the HOMs damping, the frequency and the field adjustment methods were tested. The measured results confirmed expectation on the superstructure performance and proved that alternative layout for the 800 GeV upgrade of the TESLA collider, as it was proposed in TDR, is feasible. We report on the test and give here an overview of its results which are commented in more detail elsewhere in these Proceedings.
Gluon Radiation in Top Quark Production and Decay at $e^+e^-$ Colliders
Cosmin Macesanu; Lynne H. Orr
We study gluon radiation in top quark production above threshold at high energy $e^+e^-$ colliders. We allow for the top quarks to be off-shell, considering radiation in both the top production and decay processes simultaneously. Our calculation includes all top width effects, spin correlations, and $b$ quark mass effects. We study the effects of gluon radiation on top mass reconstuction and examine the interference between production- and decay-stage radiation, which can be sensitive to the value of the top quark decay width.
Compton and double Compton scattering processes at colliding electron-photon beams
A. N. Ilyichev; E. A. Kuraev; V. Bytev; Yu. P. Peresun'ko
Radiative corrections (RC) to the Compton scattering cross section are calculated in the leading and next-to leading logarithmic approximation to the case of colliding high energy photon-electron beams. RC to the double Compton scattering cross section in the same experimental set-up are calculated in the leading logarithmic approximation. We consider the case when no pairs are created in the final state. We show that the differential cross section can be written in the form of the Drell-Yan process cross-section. Numerical values of the $K$-factor and the leading order distribution on the scattered electron energy fraction and scattering angle are presented.
Deeply virtual Compton scattering at small-$x$ in future Electron - Ion Colliders
Goncalves, V P
The study of exclusive processes in the future electron-ion ($eA$) colliders will be an important tool to investigate the QCD dynamics at high energies as they are in general driven by the gluon content of the target which is strongly subject to parton saturation effects. In this paper we compute the coherent and incoherent cross sections for the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) process relying on the color dipole approach and considering different models for the dipole - proton scattering amplitude. The dependencies of the cross sections with the energy, photon virtuality, nuclear mass number and squared momentum transfer are analysed in detail.
The Multi-Purpose Detector for NICA heavy-Ion Collider at JINR
Rogachevsky, O. V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [JINR, Veksler and Baldin Laboratory on High Energy Physics (Russian Federation)
The Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) is designed to study heavy-ion collisions at the Nuclotron-based heavy Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) at JINR, Dubna. Its main components located inside a superconducting solenoid are a tracking system composed of a silicon microstrip vertex detector followed by a large volume time-projection chamber, a time-of-flight system for particle identification and a barrel electromagnetic calorimeter. A zero degree hadron calorimeter is designed specifically to measure the energy of spectators. In this paper, all parts of the apparatus are described and their tracking and particle identification parameters are discussed in some detail.
Structural performance of the first SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) Design B dipole magnet
Nicol, T.H.
The first Design B Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) dipole magnet has been successfully tested. This magnet was heavily instrumented with temperature and strain gage sensors in order to evaluate its adherence to design constraints and design calculations. The instrumentation and associated data acquisition system allowed monitoring of the magnet during cooldown, warmup, and quench testing. This paper will focus on the results obtained from structural measurements on the suspension system during normal and rapid cooldowns and during quench studies at full magnet current. 4 refs., 9 figs.
Concepts for ELIC - A High Luminosity CEBAF Based Electron-Light Ion Collider
Ya. Derbenev, A. Bogacz, G. Krafft, R. Li, L. Merminga, B. Yunn, Y. Zhang
A CEBAF accelerator based electron-light ion collider (ELIC) of rest mass energy from 20 to 65 GeV and luminosity from 10^33 to 10^35 cm6-2s^-1 with both beams polarized is envisioned as a future upgrade to CEBAF. A two step upgrade scenario is under study: CEBAF accelerator-ring-ring scheme (CRR) as the first step, and a multi-turn ERL-ring as the second step, to attain a better electron emittance and maximum luminosity. In this paper we report results of our studies of the CRR version of ELIC.
Measuring the Higgs boson mass in dileptonic W-boson decays at hadron colliders
Barr, Alan; Gripaios, Ben; Lester, Christopher G
ar X iv :0 90 2. 48 64 v2 [ he p- ph ] 22 Ju l 2 00 9 Cavendish-HEP-09/04 Measuring the Higgs boson mass in dileptonic W -boson decays at hadron colliders Alan J. Barr,1, ? Ben Gripaios,2, å and Christopher G. Lester3, ć 1Denys Wilkinson... measurements of the Higgs boson mass using the decay h ? W+W?, followed by the leptonic decay of each W -boson, will be performed by fitting the shape of a distribution that is sensitive to the Higgs mass. We demonstrate that the variable most commonly used...
Dark matter and Higgs boson collider implications of fermions in an abelian-gauged hidden sector
Shrihari Gopalakrishna; Seung J. Lee; James D. Wells
We add fermions to an abelian-gauged hidden sector. We show that the lightest can be the dark matter with the right thermal relic abundance, and discovery is within reach of upcoming dark matter detectors. We also show that these fermions change Higgs boson phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and in particular could induce a large invisible width to the lightest Higgs boson state. Such an invisibly decaying Higgs boson can be discovered with good significance in the vector boson fusion channel at the LHC.