text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|4 Oct 2007
|Filing date
|31 Mar 2006
|Priority date
|31 Mar 2006
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kevin Ma
|Original Assignee
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (14), Classifications (13), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention is related in general to networks and more specifically relates to systems and methods for handling persistence information in a network.
For the purposes of the present discussion, persistence information may be any information pertaining to associations or mappings that persist or are maintained or should persist or should be maintained between entities involved or to be involved in a communications session. Examples of persistence information include, but are not limited to, associations between domain names and Internet Protocol (IP) addresses; mappings between Virtual Internet Protocol (VIP) addresses and server IP addresses; rules or policies for mapping domain names to IP addresses for a given client IP address, and so on.
Systems for handling persistence information are employed in various demanding applications including web-browsing applications involving routing client requests to specific servers and/or Server Load Balancers (SLBs) and applications involving routing client requests from a given SLB to a given real server. Such applications often demand robust systems and methods for maintaining network persistence policies, such as domain-name persistence policies, that enhance network Quality of Service (QOS) and traffic management capabilities.
Robust persistence policies and accompanying systems and methods for enforcing the policies are particularly important in Domain Name Server (DNS) applications involving communications between clients and servers. In such applications, failure of a client to maintain appropriate domain-name and IP-address relationships may cause a client, such as a personal computer with a browser, to retrieve an inappropriate website or instance thereof.
When a user enters a domain name for a website in a client, the client often queries an external DNS to retrieve an IP address associated with the domain name and the website. The query results may be stored in a local client-side DNS cache. The IP address facilitates establishing a connection between the client and a website and further facilitates routing requests therebetween via the network. The process involving obtaining an IP address for a requested domain name or web address associated with a desired website or web page is called DNS resolution.
For availability, scalability, and redundancy purposes, a given website may be hosted via multiple servers that are fronted by an SLB. The SLB may be fronted by a GSLB, which facilitates routing client requests for server content between geographically distributed servers at different physical sites. Such applications often require that a given mapping between a client IP address and a Virtual IP (VIP) address associated with a server or SLB hosting a desired website be maintained, i.e., that the mapping persist. This ensures that subsequent requests for website content will not result in the client retrieving different content from another server employed to host another version of the website.
Unfortunately, conventional systems and methods for enforcing persistence policies for a given client communication session are generally not keeping pace with advances in network appliances and accompanying changes in network topology.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention implements a system for selectively handling persistence information. In a specific embodiment, the system includes a client, a server, and a database in communication with the client. The database, which may be implemented in a GSLB and/or SLB device, is adapted to maintain persistence information pertaining to a connection between the client and the server. A network proxy device, is adapted to employ the persistence information to facilitate implementing an appliance, such as a Cisco Application Velocity (AVS) device.
In a more specific embodiment, the network proxy device includes a network appliance. The network appliance may implement various functions on behalf of the client, such as selecting content, directing content requests, caching content, pre-fetching content, refreshing content, etc.
By efficiently employing persistence information to perform actions on behalf of the client, the appliance avoids various errors that might occur if the client persistence information were not employed to facilitate performing the actions. For example, if the persistence information is not employed, the appliance may retrieve information on behalf of the client from an inappropriate server. Hence, use of embodiments of the present invention may yield improved Quality Of Service (QOS) in networks employing network proxy applications.
For clarity, various well-known components, such as power supplies, modems, gateways, firewalls, network cards, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), standby modules, content switching modules, and so on, have been omitted from the figures. However, those skilled in the art with access to the present teachings will know which components to implement and how to implement them to meet the needs of a given application.
An XSLT-translation function may be any feature and/or accompanying routine that is adapted to perform XSLT translation. Similarly, a BPEL-processing function may be any feature and/or accompanying routine that is adapted to perform BPEL processing. BPEL-processing functions are often implemented via BPEL-processing modules.
In the present specific embodiment, the network 10 further includes a client device 16 in communication with a GSS 30, 32 via a packet-switched network 18, such as the Internet. The GSS 30, 32 may further be a member of a GSS mesh network 14, to facilitate the sharing of information, including persistence information. The client device 16 communicates with the GSS 30, 32, acting as a DNS. Typically, client devices do not otherwise have access to the GSS mesh network 14, which may be private. Certain new appliances constructed in accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention may now join GSS mesh network 14, as discussed more fully below.
The client device 16 further communicates with a first Server Load Balancer (SLB) 20 and a second SLB 22, which are coupled to the GSS mesh network 14 and communicate with a first set of servers 24 and a second set of servers 26, respectively. This communication involves the client device 16 obtaining one or more VIPs from the GSS 30, 32, but does not generally involve the client communicating through the GSS mesh network 14. After the client device 16 obtains a VIP from the GSS 30, 32, the client device 16 then issues a request to the VIP, which is hosted by one of the SLBs 20, 22.
For the purposes of the present discussion, various devices, such as GSSs and Content Services Switches (CSSs) are separate entities. However, certain embodiments disclosed herein facilitate augmenting GSSs, CSSs, and other network proxy devices to access the GSS mesh, such as the GSS mesh network 14, and gather DNS persistence information for themselves as needed.
The first SLB 20 fronts the first set of servers 24. Similarly, the second SLB 22 fronts the second set of servers 26. An SLB is said to front a server when traffic to and from the server and an outside network, such as the packet-switched network 18, passes through the SLB.
For illustrative purposes, the GSS mesh network 14 is shown including a first GSS 30 and a second GSS 32, which intercommunicate via the mesh network 14. The mesh network 14 is shown residing in the packet-switched network 18.
The first GSS 30 includes a first persistence database 40, and the second GSS 32 includes a second persistence database 42. Generally, GSSs in a GSS mesh network maintain one or more similar persistence databases. GSS persistence databases are kept synchronized, i.e., maintained with similar information, via communications through the associated GSS mesh network. Certain embodiments of the present invention now allow other proxy devices, such as the proxy device 12, to maintain full or partial persistence databases for themselves, by either joining the GSS mesh network 14 or by sending queries thereto, as discussed more fully below.
While a database may be shown as a single module or entity in the figures, a database may be distributed throughout a network without departing from the scope of the present invention.
While, for illustrative purposes, certain persistence databases 40, 42 are shown in the GSSs 30, 32 in
The first SLB 20 is shown coupled to the network proxy device 12, however the network proxy device 12 may be integrated with the first SLB 20 or coupled to the first SLB 20, such as via an Internet connection or other connection to the packet-switched network and/or GSS mesh network 14.
The embodiment of
For illustrative purposes, the first set of servers 24 is shown including a selected server 34, which hosts a website 36 with a shopping cart 38. The selected server 34 corresponds to a server involved in a current communication session with the client 16 as discussed more fully below. The client 16 may be implemented via any type of hardware and/or software application that requests data via the packet-switched network 18. For example, the client 16 may be implemented via a browser-equipped personal computer that is connected to the packet-switched network 18.
While the present embodiment is discussed with respect to a specific exemplary network topology, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. For example, various different network topologies may be employed, including topologies employing Data Centers (DCs), more or fewer SLBs, one or more Global Server Load Balancers, plural clients, and so on. Furthermore, one or more of the modules, such as the GSSs 30, 32 and the SLBs 20, 22 may be integrated or distributed in different ways or connected directly to the client 16 instead of through the packet-switched network 18.
For the purposes of the present discussion, a GSS mesh network, such as the GSS mesh network 14, may be any network that includes a module (such as one or more of the GSS modules 30, 32) that is capable of acting as a DNS and maintaining persistence information associated with a DNS request made by a client for a given domain name. While a GSS mesh network is defined broadly above, the preferred embodiment employs a Cisco GSS that acts as a proprietary communications overlay, employed by constituent GSSs for sharing, synchronizing and updating persistence and proximity information between the multiple constituent GSSs.
A DNS request may be any request for a network address based on a domain name. A domain name may be any descriptive characterization of a numerical network address, such as an IP address. Hence, text-based web address associated with a given page in a website may also be considered to be a domain name for the purposes of the present discussion.
An IP address may be any address provided by a DNS in response to a DNS request. Accordingly, a Virtual Internet Protocol (VIP) address is considered to be a type of IP address.
A DNS request may be any request by a client or other network entity to convert a domain name into an IP address. DNS requests are often sent by a client to a specialized database application called a Domain Name Server (DNS).
A DNS server may be any authoritative network entity or collection thereof that may translate a domain name into an IP address.
A client request may be any query, such as a DNS query, or other signal issued with the intent to receive a response. For example, a client request may include a request to view content on a particular web page of a specific website. Examples of client requests include DNS requests and HTTP requests. A DNS request may be a request to a DNS server for a DNS address associated with a domain name as with a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) for a webpage. An HTTP request may be sent to a particular web server for content pertaining to a website or webpage hosted by the server.
In operation, a user enters a desired domain name into the client 16, such as via a web-browser user interface. The client 16 then issues a query, in particular, a client DNS request, to a DNS, requesting that the DNS translate the domain name into an IP address. In the present specific embodiment, the DNS is implemented via the GSSs 30, 32.
One of the GSSs 30, 32 responds to the client DNS request with an IP address associated with the domain name that was the subject of the DNS request. The responding GSS will register the IP address of the client (client IP address) and subsequently maintain persistence information in the GSS persistence databases 40, 42 pertaining to the client IP address. The persistence information is distributed to the other GSS devices via the mesh network 14.
The persistence information may include any information pertaining to associations or mappings between a domain name and an IP address for a given client. The persistence information may further include any persistence policies, rules, or methods employed by a given network entity, such as the GSS 30, 32. For example, information maintained by the GSS 30, 32 in one or more databases, such as the persistence-information databases 40, 42, indicating how a given client DNS request would be resolved is also considered to be persistence information. Persistence information may be stored in a proximity database or virtually any other type of database employed to resolve domain names for particular clients.
The GSS 30, 32 may employ various factors, such as SLB availability, proximity to the client 16 (numbers of router hops), site-response time, numbers of servers fronted by an SLB, numbers of connections available through a given server, and so on, to determine how to resolve a given client DNS request. Such factors and accompanying methods for resolving DNS requests may also be considered to be persistence information.
In an exemplary operative scenario, the GSS 30, 32 employs proximity information, such as information available in a proximity database, to resolve a given domain name, such as a domain name provided by the client 16 in a DNS request, to a VIP address associated with the first SLB 20. Subsequently, requests by the client 16 for content from a server and/or website associated with the domain name are routed to the first SLB 20 via the intervening packet-switched network 18.
After the client 16 receives the response to the DNS request from the GSS 30, 32, the returned DNS-to-VIP mapping information is held in DNS cache of the client 16. If the client 16 were to try and re-resolve the information, the client 16 would get the same persistent mapping from the GSS 30, 32.
The first SLB 20 receives requests for content from the client 16 and subsequently employs Network Address Translation (NAT) to map the VIP associated with the client request for content to a specific server, such as the selected server 34 in the first group of servers 24. Information and rules employed by the first SLB 20 to map the client request to the selected server 34 and associated content 36 are also considered to represent persistence information. This so-called VIP-to-real server persistence information 48 is maintained, for a predetermined time period, by the first SLB 20 for a given client so that requests by that client 16 are persistently routed to the same server 34 and accompanying content 36. Responses by the server 34 to content requests by the client 16 are sent back to the client 16 via the SLB 20 and intervening packet-switched network 18.
In the present specific embodiment, the network 10 employs the plural SLBs 20, 22 to host plural versions of the preferred content 36 for availability, redundancy, and resiliency purposes. For example, if the server 34 fails, the first SLB 20 may route subsequent client requests to another server in the first set of servers 24, which hosts identical content and services 36 as was hosted by the initially selected server 34. Unfortunately, in some applications, the backup server may not maintain adequate persistence information, or may be unable to replicate persistence information in a timely enough manner, that would enable it to service subsequent requests from the client 16, for example, contents of the client shopping cart 38 that were maintained by the selected website 36.
Similarly, if all of the servers 24 in the first set of servers 24 fail or are busy or lack the ability to service the request, client requests for a given website may be routed to the second SLB 22, which employs the second set of servers 26 to host versions of the selected website 36. Unfortunately, the selected website 36 may store client specific information, and may not be able to immediately replicate such data, and thus may not be similar between servers and sets of servers 24, 26.
Various emerging network applications, such as intelligent-caching applications, are implemented via appliances, such as the proxy device 12. In the present illustrative scenario, the proxy device 12 implements an intelligent-caching function, wherein content from various remote websites associated with links in the preferred website 36 are retrieved by the proxy device 12 on behalf of the client 16, possibly in advance of when the client 16 requests the content. For illustrative purposes, the links in the website 36 refer to content hosted by a remote server 44.
Assuming that all servers 24, 26 host similar content, then the problem, which is addressed by certain embodiments of the present invention, arises when the proxy device 12 tries to do DNS resolutions. The proxy device 12, which does not have the same DNS cache as the client 16, must resolve the DNS address for itself on behalf of the client. Conventionally, without use of embodiments of the present invention, the response that the proxy device 12 got from the GSS 30, 32 could be different from that received by the client 16.
Conventionally, the proxy device 12 would perform DNS requests for web addresses in the links in the selected website 36. The DNS requests would be sent to the GSS 30, 32, which would return IP addresses associated with the requested web addresses. Unfortunately, in such previous applications, the returned IP addresses or VIP addresses may correspond to different servers or SLBs than would be retrieved by the client 16 if the client 16 had sent DNS requests to the GSS 30, 32 to resolve the IP addresses associated with the links in the main website 36. Consequently, the content retrieved by the proxy device 12 could be inappropriate for the client 16.
The proxy device 12 overcomes previous address-resolution problems by employing persistence information associated with the client 16 and maintained by the GSS 30, 32 when performing address resolution on behalf of the client 16. For example, the proxy device 12 includes a persistence-data-retrieval module 46, which selectively retrieves persistence data from the GSS 30, 32. The persistence data may be maintained in the various persistence databases 40, 42 of the GSSs 30, 32. The GSSs 30, 32 share persistence data to ensure that the databases 40, 42 are coherent, i.e., synchronized with each other.
Exact details as to how the persistence-data-retrieval module 46 retrieves persistence data from the GSS mesh network 14 are application specific. Those skilled in the art with access to the present teachings may readily determine details required to retrieve appropriate persistence information to meet the needs of a given application without undue experimentation. For example, in some applications, the GSS mesh network 14 may push persistence data to the proxy device 12, which may be filtered at the proxy device 12. Alternatively, persistence data may be selectively retrieved from the GSS 30, 32 by the proxy device 12 via queries sent to the GSS 30, 32. Alternatively, the proxy device 12 may register with the GSS mesh network 14 to receive specific updates to persistence data that was previously downloaded to the proxy device 12 through the GSS mesh network 14.
In the present specific embodiment, the GSS mesh network 14 is a full mesh. Data is broadcast to all other members 30, 32 of the GSS mesh network 14. Accordingly, if the proxy device 12 joins the GSS mesh network 14, the proxy device 12 receives updates to persistence information and can filter them. If the proxy device 12 chooses to query, the proxy device 12 may query a single GSS, such as the first GSS 30 or the second GSS 32, since the GSS mesh network 14 keeps all persistence information in the GSSs 30, 32 coherent, i.e., consistent and synchronized.
Accordingly, when the proxy device 12 accesses a particular link in the website 36, the proxy device 12 may employ persistence data provided by the persistence-retrieval module 46 to fashion a DNS request on behalf of the client 16. The persistence-retrieval module 46 module may update a local cache or other database, such as its own partial or full proximity database, which may be included in the proxy device 12, as discussed more fully below.
The resulting DNS request may be sent to the GSS 30, 32. The GSS 30, 32 will then return an IP address associated with the web address that is associated with the desired link. The returned IP address will correspond to the same IP address that would be returned to the client 16 if the client 16 had issued the DNS request itself.
The persistence information retrieved and/or maintained by the persistence-retrieval module 46 enables the proxy device 12 to determine, via the GSS mesh network 14, which server the client 16 would be routed to for a particular link or associated web address.
In the present example, the proxy device 12 sends a DNS request pertaining to a web address corresponding to a hyperlink in the website 36. The DNS request is sent by the proxy device 12 to the GSS 30, 32, which returns the VIP of the second SLB 22. The second SLB 22 may then map requests associated with the appropriate client persistence data to the remote server 44 of the second set of servers 36. If the client 16 had resolved the same web address itself, instead of having the proxy device 12 resolve the web address, subsequent client requests for web content associated with the web address would be routed to the same remote server 44.
Accordingly, content retrieved by the proxy device 12 on behalf of the client 16 will be similar to the content that would be retrieved if the client 16 had browsed directly to the server 44. This is occurs in part because persistence information from the GSS 30, 32 associated with the client 16 was employed by the proxy device 12, i.e. the appliance 12, to resolve the DNS associated with the domain name that is associated with the remote server 44.
While the embodiment 10 of
Generally, any network application wherein one or more network entities perform actions, such as retrieving data and/or resolving addresses, such as IP addresses associated with web pages, on behalf of one or more other devices or entities may benefit from certain embodiments of the present invention. By enabling a proxy device to employ persistence data to retrieve appropriate content from various sites or perform other actions on behalf of another entity may yield significant improvements in network Quality of Service (QOS), especially in networks employing proxy devices.
The SLB 20 includes a VIP-to-real server persistence database 50, which communicates with the appliance 12. The appliance 12 includes the persistence-information retrieval module 46, which includes a filter 52 in communication with a DNS cache 54.
The GSS 30 includes a mesh client 56, which communicates with the persistence-data retrieval module 46 and the second GSS 32 of
In operation, with reference to
The appliance 12 may retrieve local content and/or remote content on behalf of the client 16. Remote content may reside on a non-local server or entity, such as a server that is fronted by an SLB other than the first SLB 20. Similarly, local content may be content that is hosted by a server, such as one of the servers 24, that is fronted by the first SLB 20. In the present specific embodiment, when retrieving local content on behalf of the client 16, the appliance 12 selectively accesses local persistence data maintained by the VIP-to-real server persistence database 50 that resides in or is otherwise coupled to the first SLB 20.
Conventionally, content requests issued by the proxy device 12 are sent to the first SLB 20 and processed similar to other requests. To track VIP-to-real persistence data in accordance with the present embodiment, three methods may be employed, including a first method wherein the proxy device 12 queries the persistence database 50 in the first SLB 20. A second method involves the proxy device 12 spoofing the IP address of the client 16. A third method involves the proxy device 12 incorporating the client IP information in the request, such as in a custom HTTP header field.
In the case of the third method, which is preferred in the present embodiment, the proxy device 12 sends requests to the first SLB 20 along with the client IP-address information, thereby allowing the SLB 20 to glean the client IP-address information from the request, and process the request as though they came from the client 16. The first SLB 20 then automatically applies the appropriate persistence data in response to the request.
The connection between the proxy device 12 and the first SLB 20 is marked as having originated from the proxy device 12 so that responses by the SLB 20 to the initial request are not sent back to the client 16, but to the proxy device 12. In the case wherein the proxy device 12 is embedded within the first SLB 20, a simple software modification may be employed to mark such connections as being from the proxy device 12.
The local persistence data may include information pertaining to how a request from a particular client, such as the client 16, is mapped to a particular server among the first set of servers 24. In this case, the appliance 12 may optionally spoof the client 16.
After the appliance 12 retrieves appropriate content, uploads appropriate content to a server, executes a service, such as a command on a server, or performs another action on behalf of the client 16, subsequent requests for the content by the client 16 result in the content being pulled from the appliance 12 by the client 16 instead of from a remote server, thereby potentially saving time. One or more additional routines for causing the client 16 to pull pre-fetched content from the appliance 12 may be implemented in software running on the servers 24 and/or in the appliance 12. Various routines and modules for enabling a client to retrieve content from an appliance or other service module or to perform another action, such as uploading content, are known in the art.
Pre-fetching may be any activity performed by a pre-fetch function, which may be performed by a pre-fetch module. A pre-fetch function may be any feature and/or accompanying routine that is adapted to retrieve information in advance of when the information will be requested or needed by the feature and/or accompanying routine and/or another device or entity in communication with the feature and/or accompanying routine.
While the present operative scenario has been discussed with respect to a pre-fetching function, other functions are possible. For example, the appliance 12 may be implemented via a security device that performs security operations, such as a firewall, an intrusion-detection system, extrusion-detection system, XML schema validation, and so on. Examples of additional service modules that may also act as suitable appliances include Content Engines (CEs), anomaly detectors, and so on.
Security operations may be any actions performed to prevent undesirable network activity. Examples of security operations include operations performed by security modules, including firewalls, antivirus applications, anomaly detectors, intrusion detectors, and so on.
Generally, any application that involves resolving domain names or other web address on behalf of a client may benefit by employing persistence information in accordance with certain embodiments disclosed herein.
With reference to
The embodiment disclosed in
If appropriate persistence information is not available for a given client for a given action to be performed by the appliances 12, 62, then the appliances 12, 62 are configured to perform conventional IP-address resolution without the aid of the persistence information.
In an alternative implementation, the appliances 12, 62 selectively query the GSS 30, 32, for desired persistence information based on one or more client IP addresses as discussed more fully below. Alternatively, persistence information that is sent from the GSS mesh networks 14, 64 to the appliances 12, 62 may be filtered on the GSS mesh networks 14, 64 before it is sent to the appliances 12, 64.
The alternative network 80 includes an alternative appliance 98, which is coupled to the Nth real server 96. The appliance 98 includes a query module 100, which communicates with a per-client-cache database 102, which communicates with a generic DNS cache database 104. For illustrative purposes, the Nth SLB 92 is shown including a VIP-to-real persistence database 86 that maintains VIP-to-Real-IP persistence data specifying how a given client request should be mapped, via Network-Address Translation (NAT) to a particular real server, such as the Nth real server 96.
In operation, one or more routines, such as pre-fetch, refresh, application-offload, intelligent-caching, XSLT-translation, BPEL-processing, or other routines, running on the appliance 98 require that the appliance 98 perform a DNS request on behalf of one or more of the plural clients 82. Such routines may be implemented via conventional hardware and/or software without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Before the DNS request is sent to the GSLB 84 (which implements a DNS in the present embodiment) by the appliance 98, the query module 100 sends a query to the GSLB 84 requesting relevant persistence information if the relevant persistence information is not already cached in the per-client-cache database 102.
In response to the persistence-data query from the appliance 98, the GSLB 84 accesses the GSLB persistence database 86, then retrieves the requested persistence data if available. Subsequently, the GSLB 84 then returns the requested persistence data, if available, to the appliance 100, which stores the retrieved persistence data in the per-client-cache database 102. If persistence data for a particular client for a particular appliance operation is not available, then contents from the generic DNS cache 104 are employed to implement DNS resolution on behalf of one or more clients of the plural clients 82.
Hence, the first database 102 and the second database 104 act as a multi-tier database that ensures that persistence information pertaining to a client and as stored in the per-client-cache database 102 is employed to implement DNS resolution before generic DNS resolution is performed on behalf of the client(s) 82.
In certain applications, the appliance 98 may request local content, such as from the Nth real server 96. In such cases, the query module 100 may retrieve persistence information pertaining to the mapping between a particular VIP and a particular IP address associated with a real server for a particular client, based on the IP address of the client. The query module 100 issues a query to the Nth SLB 92 requesting VIP-to-real IP address mappings, i.e., persistence data for a particular client. The Nth SLB 92 then returns the persistence data to the appliance 98, after which the appliance 98 may employ the persistence information to facilitate various actions on behalf of the desired client.
The exchange of persistence information between the appliance 98 and the Nth SLB 92 may be omitted without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Certain embodiments of the present invention are particularly useful in applications involving distributed-website architectures, wherein certain websites are hosted on multiple servers in one or more locations to enhance website availability. Such applications often employ appliances that must perform DNS resolution on behalf of a client. In such applications, circumvention of persistence policies by an appliance may reduce network QOS. However, embodiments of the present invention may be useful and may be employed in other types of applications and network architectures without departing from the scope of the present invention.
In certain distributed-website architectures, when one website or server becomes unavailable, the domain name may still retrieve a website, since client requests for the website may be routed to another available server hosting a version of the website. A GSLB, such as the GSLB 84, or an SLB, such as the N SLB 92, is often employed to facilitate routing requests to appropriate sites based on certain conditions, such as site availability, site response time, numbers of available connections to a site, and so on. The GSLB 84 may communicate with each distributed site 94, 96, 90, 92 to determine site conditions. The GSLB 84 may include a DNS and/or may communicate with a DNS to selectively map the IP address associated with a domain name so that requests are routed to the desired server hosting the site.
Certain embodiments of the present invention address a need in the art for high network QOS, better control over network traffic partitioning, more predictable traffic management, and so on. Conventionally, such characteristics are less likely to be achieved, since SLB or GSLB persistence policies are readily circumvented by appliances.
Persistence information may be any information employed to enable a client request to consistently resolve to a desired server or other entity. Examples include information specifying which server connected to a given SLB is handling the current requests for the client. Accordingly, the CE or other appliance will access the same server when performing intelligent caching for the client.
An appliance may be any device or module coupled to a network that is adapted to add functionality to the network. Examples of appliances include Cisco Content Engines (CEs), caching devices, Wide Area Network (WAN) optimization devices, Server Load Balancers (SLBs), anomaly detectors, intrusion detectors, extrusion detectors, firewalls, antivirus applications, content pre-fetching modules, XML schema validators, eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) translators, Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) processing modules, security modules, and so on.
Certain embodiments of the present invention are particularly useful for improving the quality and accuracy of functions performed on behalf of a client or other network entity by an appliance that performs DNS resolution for the client or other network entity. Generally, such appliances include proxy devices that may terminate HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or another protocol, such as another Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Layer-7 (L7) protocol, that does DNS resolution. Layer 7 refers to protocols employed at layer 7 of the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) standard.
An appliance equipped with and/or integrated with a network employing an embodiment of the present invention may employ a client IP address when performing local requests, such as requests servers communicating with the SLB with which the appliance is associated. However, such an appliance may employ client persistence information in combination with the IP address of the appliance when accessing to remote servers and/or sites, such as to retrieve content-sensitive and/or user-sensitive banner adds or other content.
The appliance, such as the appliance 98, may retrieve persistence information (from the GSLB 84 and/or another entity or DNS) for the mapping between the requested domain name and the VIP associated with the SLB that is associated with a server hosting the desired website that is associated with the domain name. Persistence data pertaining to another mapping between the VIP associated with the SLB and the IP address associated with the real server may also be employed by the appliance 98.
Persistence issues often arise when an appliance initiates HTTP requests on behalf of the client, where the appliance has to resolve additional DNS addresses based on the client data.
In the network 80 of
After the appliance 98 initially registers with a DNS, such a GSS mesh 14 of
Hence, embodiments of the present invention, are particularly useful for use with proxy devices that may need to access one or more other websites on behalf of one or more other clients 82, but that will need to know how the client requests would be resolved by a DNS to ensure that the appliance 98 pulls data from the appropriate servers on behalf of the one or more clients 82. The information that enables the appliance 98 to accurately direct and resolve client requests may be included in the persistence information maintained by the persistence-data cache 102.
Furthermore, the network 80 may facilitate a method for applications, such as the appliance 98, to query a DNS and/or GSLB, such as the GSLB 84, for client-persistence information, and then register for updates with the DNS and/or GSLB using that information to enforce client persistence policies for proxied requests. Additional methods are discussed more fully below.
Hence, certain embodiments of the present invention may enable higher QOS for the clients 82, as GSLB policies are enforced and not circumvented by the appliance 98. Furthermore, certain embodiments of the present invention may provide service providers better control over network traffic partitioning, thereby improving traffic-management predictability and user-perceived response quality.
A second step 124 includes employing the DNS to resolve the domain name into a VIP associated with an SLB, such as the first SLB 20 of
A third step 126 involves employing an intervening network and/or network entity (e.g., GSS, GSLB, etc.) between the SLB and the client to persistently map content requests associated with the entered domain name to the same SLB by maintaining client-to-SLB mapping information, called client-to-VIP persistence data, which associates client requests for data from a website with a particular domain name with a particular VIP associated with a desired SLB.
A fourth step 128 includes employing the client to issue a request for content to a website, such as the website 36 of
A fifth step 130 involves employing the SLB and accompanying Network Address Translation (NAT) to map the VIP to the real IP address associated with the server in response to the request.
A sixth step 132 involves employing the SLB to persistently map content requests from the client to the same real server by maintaining VIP-to-real server persistence data, which associates the VIP of a given SLB with an IP address associated with a real server that is coupled to the SLB.
A seventh key step 134 involves employing an appliance that is coupled to the SLB and/or to the intervening network to perform one or more functions on behalf of the client using the client-to-VIP persistence data and/or the VIP-to-real server persistence data.
Various steps 122-134 of the method 120 may be omitted, changed, or reordered without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the appliance involved in the seventh key step 134 may not necessarily employ VIP-to-real server persistence data without departing from the scope of the present invention. As another example, the method 120 may be replaced with a more generalized method without departing form the scope of the present invention. An exemplary more generalized method involves maintaining persistence information pertaining to a connection between a client and a server and then selectively employing the persistence information to facilitate implementing an appliance for the client.
Certain embodiments of the present invention are particularly useful in data-center applications, where service modules that perform DNS requests on behalf of clients are increasingly employed. By ensuring that the service modules and appliances act according to preestablished persistence policies regarding routing of client requests, enhanced network Quality Of Service (QOS) is achievable.
Various embodiments of the invention may be implemented via hardware and/or software. Software modules may readily be implemented to run on an Internetworking Operating System (IOS) without undue experimentation by those skilled in the art.
Certain embodiments of the present invention are particularly useful for implementing network-security features, advertisement serving, shopping carts, content optimization, content transformation and so on. Those skilled in the art may readily deploy embodiments of the present invention in various different applications without departing from the scope thereof.
Although embodiments of the invention are discussed primarily with respect to server-client architecture, any acceptable architecture, topology, protocols, or other network and digital processing features can be employed. In general, network controllers, managers, access points, endpoints, clients, and so on, can be implemented via any device with processing ability or other requisite functionality.
Although processes of the present invention and the hardware executing the processes may be characterized by language common to a discussion of the Internet (e.g., "client," "server," "peer"), it should be apparent that operations of the present invention can execute on any type of suitable hardware in any communication relationship to another device on any type of link or network.
Although a process of the present invention may be presented as a single entity, such as software executing on a single machine, such software can readily be executed on multiple machines. That is, there may be multiple instances of a given software program, a single program may be executing on two or more processors in a distributed processing environment, parts of a single program may be executing on different physical machines, etc. Furthermore, two different programs, such as a client and server program, can be executing in a single machine, or in different machines. A single program can be operating as a client for one information transaction and as a server for a different information transaction.
Any type of processing device can be used as a client. For example, portable computing devices such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), cell phone, laptop computer, or other devices can be employed. In general, the devices and manner of specific processing (including location and timing) are not critical to practicing important features of the present invention.
Although the invention has been discussed with respect to specific embodiments thereof, these embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, of the invention. Embodiments of the present invention can operate between any two processes or entities including users, devices, functional systems, or combinations of hardware and software. Peer-to-peer networks and any other networks or systems where the roles of client and server are switched, change dynamically, or are not even present are within the scope of the invention.
Any suitable programming language can be used to implement the routines or other instructions employed by various network entities. Exemplary programming languages include C, C++, Java, assembly language, etc. Different programming techniques can be employed such as procedural or object oriented. The routines can execute on a single processing device or multiple processors. Although the steps, operations or computations may be presented in a specific order, this order may be changed in different embodiments. In some embodiments, multiple steps shown as sequential in this specification can be performed at the same time. The sequence of operations described herein can be interrupted, suspended, or otherwise controlled by another process, such as an operating system, kernel, etc. The routines can operate in an operating system environment or as stand-alone routines occupying all, or a substantial part, of the system processing.
In the description herein, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of components and/or methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that an embodiment of the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other apparatus, systems, assemblies, methods, components, materials, parts, and/or the like. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the present invention.
A "machine-readable medium" or "computer-readable medium" for purposes of embodiments of the present invention may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, system or device. The computer readable medium can be, by way of example only but not by limitation, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, system, device, propagation medium, or computer memory.
A "processor" or "process" includes any human, hardware and/or software system, mechanism or component that processes data, signals or other information. A processor can include a system with a general-purpose central processing unit, multiple processing units, dedicated circuitry for achieving functionality, or other systems. Processing need not be limited to a geographic location, or have temporal limitations. For example, a processor can perform its functions in "real time," "offline," in a "batch mode," etc. Portions of processing can be performed at different times and at different locations, by different (or the same) processing systems. A computer may be any processor in communication with a memory.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", or "a specific embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention and not necessarily in all embodiments. Thus, respective appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment", "in an embodiment", or "in a specific embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of any specific embodiment of the present invention may be combined in any suitable manner with one or more other embodiments. It is to be understood that other variations and modifications of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein are possible in light of the teachings herein and are to be considered as part of the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented in whole or in part by using a programmed general purpose digital computer; by using application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic devices, field programmable gate arrays, optical, chemical, biological, quantum or nanoengineered systems or mechanisms; and so on. In general, the functions of the present invention can be achieved by any means as is known in the art. Distributed or networked systems, components, and/or circuits can be used. Communication, or transfer of data may be wired, wireless, or by any other means.
It will also be appreciated that one or more of the elements depicted in the drawings/figures can also be implemented in a more separated or integrated manner, or even removed or rendered as inoperable in certain cases, as is useful in accordance with a particular application. It is also within the spirit and scope of the present invention to implement a program or code that can be stored in a machine-readable medium to permit a computer to perform any of the methods described above.
Additionally, any signal arrows in the drawings/figures should be considered only as exemplary, and not limiting, unless otherwise specifically noted. Furthermore, the term "or" as used herein is generally intended to mean "and/or" unless otherwise indicated. Combinations of components or steps will also be considered as being noted, where terminology is foreseen as rendering the ability to separate or combine is unclear.
As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow "a", "an", and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Furthermore, as used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of "in" includes "in" and "on" unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The foregoing description of illustrated embodiments of the present invention, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed herein. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes only, various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize and appreciate. As indicated, these modifications may be made to the present invention in light of the foregoing description of illustrated embodiments of the present invention and are to be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Thus, while the present invention has been described herein with reference to particular embodiments thereof, a latitude of modification, various changes and substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosures, and it will be appreciated that in some instances some features of embodiments of the invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth. Therefore, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the essential scope and spirit of the present invention. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular terms used in following claims and/or to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include any and all embodiments and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|29 Sep 2006
|3 Apr 2008
|Dennis Baker
|Connection reservation in dynamic node allocation computing environments
|25 Nov 2008
|27 May 2010
|Raghav Somanahalli Narayana
|Systems and Methods For GSLB Site Persistence
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|12 Dec 2007
|11 Jan 2011
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Apparatus and method for backing up data on server using at least one cache as a client
|29 Mar 2007
|8 Feb 2011
|Trend Micro Inc
|Hybrid method and apparatus for URL filtering
|30 Jun 2009
|6 Dec 2011
|Amazon Technologies, Inc.
|Automated load balancing architecture
|5 Feb 2007
|14 Feb 2012
|Oracle International Corporation
|Orchestration of components to realize a content or service delivery suite
|31 Mar 2011
|5 Feb 2013
|Amazon Technologies, Inc.
|Reducing average link bandwidth in an oversubscribed environment
|31 Mar 2011
|5 Mar 2013
|Amazon Technologies, Inc.
|Clustered device dispersion in a multi-tenant environment
|21 Dec 2010
|17 Sep 2013
|Salesforce.Com, Inc.
|Methods and systems for providing customized domain messages
|31 Mar 2011
|17 Sep 2013
|Amazon Technologies, Inc.
|Ordered iteration for data update management
|29 Jun 2008
|5 Nov 2013
|Microsoft Corporation
|User-based wide area network optimization
|31 Mar 2011
|3 Jun 2014
|Amazon Technologies, Inc.
|Random next iteration for data update management
|25 Nov 2008
|8 Sep 2015
|Citrix Systems, Inc.
|Systems and methods for GSLB auto synchronization
|21 Dec 2010
|8 Dec 2011
|Salesforce.Com, Inc.
|Methods and systems for providing customized domain messages
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|Systems and methods for batchable hierarchical configuration
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|Enhanced document and event mirroring for accessing content
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|31 Mar 2006
Owner name: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MA, KEVIN;REEL/FRAME:017712/0210
Effective date: 20060331


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Protesters hold a banner showing the photographs of three Kurdish... Photo d'actualitéBanderole,Conflit,Festivité,Horizontal,Kurde,Manifestant,Manifestation,Meurtre,Militant,Montrer,Paris - France,Participant,Photographie,Tenir,Victime de meurtrePhotographer AFPCollection: AFP 2013 AFPProtesters hold a banner showing the photographs of three Kurdish women activists murdered on January 9 in Paris, as they take part in a demonstration during the celebration of the International Women's Day on March 8, 2013, in Tunceli. The International Women's Day is marked on March 8 every year to pay tribute to women and their achievements. AFP PHOTO/STR (Photo credit should read STR/AFP/Getty Images)

subset: commoncrawl


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May 13, 2011
go kate, go dogging!!
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go kate, go dogging!!
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Milk kefir grains are live active cultures consisting of yeast and bacteria existing in a symbiotic relationship. Adding the kefir grains to fresh milk yields a delicious probiotic drink in about 24 hours. Milk kefir can be enjoyed plain, flavored, or used in many recipes, like salad dressing, bread, and ice cream.
- Contains 1 packet of traditional heirloom-style milk kefir grains.
- Rehydration period of 3-7 days required before regular use.
- Reusable culture; makes up to 1 quart of kefir with every batch
- Cultures on the counter at 68°-85°F
- Suitable for use with cow or goat milk.
- Grains require rehydration in pasteurized dairy milk. Once rehydrated, grains may be transitioned to raw milk.
- May be used to culture coconut, soy, or rice milk once rehydrated in dairy milk; grains require regular refreshing in dairy milk.
- Nut and seed milks yield inconsistent results.
Milk Kefir Grains Instructions and Troubleshooting:
- Instructions for using this culture are included and may be found here.
- Having trouble making milk kefir? Browse our Milk Kefir Troubleshooting Articles or contact us for assistance.
Ingredients: Organic powdered milk, organic milk, live active cultures. Packaged in a small amount of organic powdered milk to extend shelf life.
This product contains no GMO ingredients.
Shipping Information: Our milk kefir grains are shipped in a dehydrated state in a barrier-sealed packet. The product keeps
- At room temperature (68° to 78°F): 12 to 18 months
- In the refrigerator (40° to 45°F): 18+ months
- In the freezer (0° to 25°F): not recommended
Milk Kefir Grains Allergen Information:
Our Milk Kefir Grains are a gluten-free product. Manufactured in a facility that produces products made with soy and dairy.
You may also be interested in the following product(s)
Milk Kefir Starter Kit$23.99
Questions on Milk Kefir Grains
- From Marybeth at 3/8/2012 12:23 PM
- When rehydrating the grains what is meant by "partially sealed" container?
- A partially sealed container could be a jar with a lid placed on top, but not screwed on; a coffee filter or dish towel over the top and secured by a rubber band; anything that covers the jar opening but allows gases to escape is acceptable.
- Do you find this question helpful? Yes No
- From sweetpea at 3/22/2012 1:09 PM
- I am rehydrating my milk grains. Do they have to be rinsed off when you change out the milk? Also, is a week long enough to do this? I have them in the milk for 24 hours at a time. Then it starts to separate. Is this ok? I will stir it and leave it for the full 24 hours, then change out the milk. Please advise. Thanks.
- There is no need to rinse the grains between batches. The rehydration process can take anywhere from 4-7 days. If separation occurs, stir the curds and whey together before straining. You should strain the grains as soon as it thickens, and start increasing the milk. So if you were using 1 cup of milk, and that thickened before 24 hours was up, give the grains 1 1/2 cups of milk. If that cultures before 24 hours is up, again strain and give it 2 cups of milk. And so on. After several days of increasing the milk and it successfully culturing the milk, you can consider it rehydrated if the kefir also looks and smells good, clean, and perhaps even sour! If you need further assistance, please contact customer support.
- Do you find this question helpful? Yes No
- From Jen at 3/27/2012 4:21 PM
- My kefir wouldn't stain through the strainer so I stirred lightly with a wooden spoon. Now I don't see my grains. Did I damage them?
- Straining the grains shouldn't cause any damage. If the kefir is thick or has separated, gently stir before straining to thin the kefir and loosen the grains. You can also dilute it with a bit of fresh milk to help. Then use a fine mesh strainer to make sure you catch the smaller grains, working the kefir through the strainer gently using a wooden or plastic utensil. Contact Customer Support for more assistance.
- Do you find this question helpful? Yes No
- From lily at 4/3/2012 10:20 PM
- Do you not need to warm the milk first for the kefir grains? The cultures recommend heating first.
- It is not necessary to heat the milk if you are using milk kefir grains. If you are using the powdered kefir starter, the milk would be gently and slowly heated (70° to 75°) to help in even distribution of the powder.
- Do you find this question helpful? Yes No
- From Millie at 4/6/2012 10:36 AM
- Can you list the actual names of the micro-organisms in your kefir, so that I know what I am getting? Thanks.
- The Composition of Milk Kefir Grains: Bacteria & Yeasts can be found here: http://www.culturesforhealth.com/milk-kefir-grains-composition-bacteria-yeast
Please note, this list is for general informational purposes only. We do not test individual batches of Milk Kefir Grains for yeast and bacteria content, therefore we cannot make any guarantees to the exact probiotic makeup any particular set of Milk Kefir Grains sold on our website.
- Do you find this question helpful? Yes No
- From Jean at 4/8/2012 5:20 PM
- Did I "kill" the good stuff in my raw goat's milk by freezing it? I purchased 1 gal. at a time and freeze 2 qts since I drink aprox. half gal. a week. Can I use the frozen (thawed milk) for kefir? Tried Kefir Starter product which did not produce well at all - very bad tasting. Want to buy good grains and make my own ASAP!
- We have a lot of customers making yogurt and kefir with frozen - thawed goat's milk. A few people report an altered flavor but the flavor can change when the goat's diet changes too. Studies show differences of opinion about the slight loss of nutrients when freezing raw milk but it certainly won't "kill all the good stuff."
See here for more info: http://www.culturesforhealth.com/using-previously-frozen-milk-for-culturing-yogurt-kefir-buttermilk
- Do you find this question helpful? Yes No
- From Christel at 4/9/2012 3:44 AM
- Do you ship Kefir grains to New Zealand?
- We don't ship individual orders outside of the United States and Canada, but if you would like to see our products in your local health food store, please have them contact us about a wholesale account. They can start the wholesale process here: http://www.culturesforhealth.com/Wholesale We would love to talk to them :)
- Do you find this question helpful? Yes No
- Do you ship Kefir grains to New Zealand?
- From Angie at 4/18/2012 10:11 AM
- From Deidre at 4/21/2012 7:45 AM
- My kefir seems to be going straight from milk to curds and whey after about 12 hours. I have not been able to find a thickened in between stage. Thank you!
- The jump from thickened milk to curds and whey can happen very rapidly if you're using a small amount of milk or the temperature is warm. If you have recently rehydrated your grains, it could be that the grains are ready for more milk. If an increase in the amount of milk doesn't solve the problem, please contact [email protected] and we will be able to help you resolve the issue.
- Do you find this question helpful? Yes No
- From Amy Richards Realty at 4/30/2012 1:08 PM
- Can you make kefir with lactose free milk? It does not sound like it...
- Lactose free milk usually does contain lactose, but it also contains lactase, an enzyme that helps lactose-intolerant individuals digest the lactose. Check the label; if you see lactase, the milk does contain lactose and may be used to culture milk kefir. However, many lactose-free milks are ultra-pasteurized, which does not work well for culturing.
- Do you find this question helpful? Yes No
Ask Your Own QuestionBack to the product page
Customer Reviews
- excellent! Review by fermenting chicken
Price Value Quality
These have been great making kefir with my goat milk every morning. We drink a quart a day and love it!!
(Posted on 10/7/2015)
- Thumbs up Review by Jenifer
Price Value Quality
The grains started production very nice kefir just a few days after I rehydrated them. The amount of grains was smaller than I had anticipated, but they produce the perfect amount of kefir every 24 hours, so I am very happy with the end result. I highly recommend anyone purchasing the grains to have a plastic strainer like the ones sold on this website to strain the grains with.
(Posted on 9/20/2015)
- Love my daily kefir Review by KB
Price Value Quality
I have a tsp of grains and can get 2.5 c every 24hrs. I let it sit on counter 8 hrs ....until morning.
In the morning I add some lemon juice and put it in fridge until next morning! Yummy. ***I usually put in freezer for 30 min before drinking half. I drink the rest before dinner. I don't see an increase in grains yet so will try different milk.
It did take about 7-8 days to activate. Worth the wait!
(Posted on 9/20/2015)
- Great product Review by Joflo
Price Value Quality
I'm glad I was able to find this company to order my grains.a good safe way to get the cultures I needed. My grains were in the mailbox in the heat all day So they little slow to produce but once they got going I started getting nice tasty kefir.
(Posted on 9/17/2015)
- super potent Review by Raquel
Price Value Quality
This is actually the second batch I purchase because my kitchen helper threw out my beautiful grains by accident :( This time I activated about a third of the grains since it's only for two people and they end up making way more kefir than I need. Now if there is another accident I have some sleeping in the fridge!
(Posted on 9/15/2015)
- love it Review by nicetracyj
Price Value Quality
i bought it for my dad... it taste great.. it is of great quality.. and i feel different drinking it..
(Posted on 9/5/2015)
- Worked Good for me Review by DTS
Quality Price Value
The first batch had an off flavor, but by the second batch it was drinkable. I've been using them for a couple of months now, and they are finally starting to grow. All in all I am very satisfied.
(Posted on 9/4/2015)
- no success at all Review by Barb
Price Value Quality
I've wasted a whole bunch of milk trying to get this to work. I go from nothing but milk to clots of disgusting stuff over the course of a couple of hours. I'm an experienced cook and make my own yogurt and beer, I am capable of following instructions, I haven't yet gotten this to work and I'm thinking of dumping my grains down the sink before I waste any more milk and time on this. Maybe I'm not recognizing when it's time to call it done, but clearly the instructions are inadequate. Oh, I supposed I should mention that I have a Ph.D.
Response from CFH: Clumpy kefir is a sign of overcultured, hungry grains. Please contact customer support as soon as possible, as most cultures can be saved with a little troubleshooting.
(Posted on 8/26/2015)
- Milk Kefir Grains are Super Quality Review by Penny
Value Quality Price
I am so happy with how well the milk kefir grains I purchased from Cultures for Health are producing kefir. This is my first attempt at making kefir, and I'm thrilled with the success. I've had the grains less than a month, and after just two "conditioning" ferments my new grains have been making delicious and healthy kefir every single day. And the grains are increasing in size very nicely! So glad I made the leap into making kefir, and so very pleased with the quality of Cultures for Health grains.
(Posted on 8/23/2015)
- very good quality Review by eman1958
Quality Price Value
i was so happy with the quality, i did an amazing kefir with it. it is very easy to follow the instructions too.
(Posted on 8/12/2015)
- Good Review by Sarah
Value Quality Price
I try to be careful when I strain the grains but it seems my grains become fewer and fewer so that after a few weeks I have just 2 or 3 left. And I feel the price is a little expensive.
Note from CFH: Decreasing grains is usually a sign the grains are starving. Please contact customer support for troubleshooting.
(Posted on 8/3/2015)
- So Glad I FINALLY started Kefir Culturing Review by llw
Value Quality Price
Love your produce. Excellent videos on your site to get started. Thanks!
(Posted on 8/2/2015)
- No Problems Review by Jack
Price Value Quality
Started the grains per instructions with Raw Milk. They were active right after the start period and have worked well for the last month. They are growing slowly and the kefir tastes great--I do a primary for 24 hours and a secondary for an additional 24 hours. I make just under 1 quart a day. Fortunately have 2 raw milk sources within a few miles.
(Posted on 7/13/2015)
- Success! Review by zelda
Price Value Quality
I am a happy customer! The Milk Kefir Grains worked perfectly. The instructions included were so helpful. I had no problems starting my kefir, and it has been going strong for several weeks now. All of my questions were answered well by the online resources here on the Cultures For Health site. This was my first home fermentation project, and I would definitely order another starter from Cultures For Health if I decide to take on another. Thanks for making an awesome product, and maintaining a super helpful website.
(Posted on 7/6/2015)
- Didn't Work for Me Review by SweetBee
Price Value Quality
Ended up wasting at least a gallon or more of expensive organic milk refreshing the grains every day for almost two weeks before I just gave up and dumped them in the trash.
Such a small amount of grains and they never did smell right, smelled more like bread yeast than kefir.
I had good luck with the dehydrated powder and with the water kefir, don't think I'll waste more money trying these again.
CFH Note: Most kefir issues can be easily resolved with minor modifications to the kefir making process. It is very important that you contact Customer Support for help if you are experiencing problems.
(Posted on 6/23/2015)
- Love it! Review by Emm Vee
Price Value Quality
I bought my grains from a local health food store. It took a while and a few trials and errors to get consistent results, but the customer service reps were very helpful. I have been getting consistent results now for several months, and am very pleased with the end product. It's thick (even with skim milk) and pleasantly sour and yogurty. It takes five minutes each morning to give the little kefir-dudes some fresh milk, and they just do their thing. I'll be interested to see what happens in the hot and humid summer months.
(Posted on 6/17/2015)
- Challenging To Get Great Results Review by Suzanne
Quality Price Value
I was very challenged using these grains to make milk kefir. I followed the instructions to dehydrate the grains and make kefir. I used low pasteurized/non-homogenized milk. My process with the grains kept changing the milk into curds and whey. I was unable to recognize/see the grains in the finished product. I contacted Customer Support and the representative worked with me for almost a week to resolve these problems. No more curds and whey. Only great tasting milk kefir! Thank you CFH Customer Support.
(Posted on 6/15/2015)
- Fantastic quality! Review by Angel
Quality Price Value
Hint: don't even dare to rinse your grains in tap water. That's how I killed my first batch. I was dumb and thought I knew better. You don't need to rinse them at all unless you're taking some out to dry and save as a back up. Anyway, this is my second attempt to make kefir. These are fantastic quality grains and I definitely recommend them to anyone who wants to help themselves be healthier.
(Posted on 6/1/2015)
- Rehydrating Kefir grains Review by GardenGirl
Quality Price Value
It barely took a week until I had a quality home made kefir. I have divided my grains already!
(Posted on 5/16/2015)
- Love my home made kefir! Review by J
Quality Price Value
I love making kefir at home. It is much more economical then buying it and I get a lot of use out of the kefir in dressings, soups, smoothies and backed goods.
(Posted on 5/7/2015)
Starter cultures, rennet for cheese making and cultured vegetables, juices and condiments are sensitive to excessive heat. Once your order has shipped, an e-mail with tracking information will be sent to you. We encourage you to use the tracking information to anticipate the arrival of your items so they can be removed from the mail box and stored in the refrigerator promptly.
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Originally posted on Fox Sports Midwest | Last updated 1/22/13
ST. LOUIS - Fans in St. Louis are familiar with the scenario of a franchise superstar player entering the final year of his contract with the Cardinals. Albert Pujols left. Yadier Molina stayed. Next up is Adam Wainwright. The star right-hander enters the final year of his contract in 2013 and will get a longterm deal and a massive raise from someone in the near future. But will that be from the Cardinals? Wainwright and the club discussed the parameters of a contract extension late last summer but the right-hander requested that the talks be tabled so he could focus on their playoff push. "They were trying to get something done last year during the season," Wainwright said. "I just figured, for one, it wasn't going to hurt my case to wait it out and see where some of these other guys signed. But two, we were getting to the end of the season in September and the playoffs were coming up and I knew we had a great chance to win. "I wanted to put my focus into those games coming up...
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Wednesday's Buffalo Chamber of Commerce Luncheon was held at the Occidental Hotel's Virginian Restaurant and featured Sue Suddith, Executive Director of CHAPS, or Children, Horses and Adults In Partnership, speaking on behalf of their Equine-Assisted Therapy Program.
With hunting season in Wyoming in full swing, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department reminds hunters that it is a violation to hunt on private land without written permission from the landowner or person in charge of the property.
The Sheridan-based Black Tooth Brewing Company has only been open since November of 2010 but has already received accolades for their beers at national and international competitions. Co-founder of the company Tim Barnes describes the brewery's latest award.
Candidates for Sheridan City Council Ward 3 squared off during this week's candidate forums at Sheridan College. Candidate Thayer Shafer stated that he has some concerns that he'd like to address if elected.
Fire restrictions will soon be lifted for our neighbors to the north. Kimberly Frasier, recreation/resource assistant with the Custer National Forest,
The Chamber of Commerce has announced this month's "Cash Mob" will be at the Cottonwood Kitchen Shop on Main Street Thursday night at 5:15.
The ex-wife of a Montana man charged with kidnapping and assaulting an 11-year-old Wyoming girl says she is proud of the young victim for fighting her attacker and surviving.
The Sheridan landfill will be hosting two free weekends starting Saturday.
The Sheridan chapter of Pheasants Forever is letting some hunters get practice before the season officially starts Dec. 1. Up to 15 kids and 10 ladies are specifically invited to spend Saturday morning honing their bird-hunting skills.
Dr. John Kambutu will visit Sheridan Friday to speak in the College's C-TEL auditorium about the Hillside Kenya Water Project.


text:
Maggie's Waterfront CafeAugust 12, 2014Seafood • Philadelphia, United States
Try the crab soup! DELICIOUS!
Try the crab soup! DELICIOUS!
Food is not as good as it used to be. My hub ordered a chicken cheese steak 60% roll the rest some meat and onions. Very disappointing, we use to enjoy it there :(
Get the wings! They are fantastic :-)


text:
AP NFL Headlines At 11:30 p.m.
Updated: October 18, 2012, 12:32 AM ETAssociated Press
Ravens' Lewis to IR, Suggs practices
NFL responds to Vilma, NFLPA lawsuits
Banner introduced as Browns CEO
Chiefs GM Pioli not worried about job
Vilma practices, may play vs. Buccaneers
Titans QB Locker set to return Oct. 28
Raiders LB Curry returns to practice
Seahawks S Chancellor set to face 49ers
Bengals CB Kirkpatrick close to debut
Eagles fire def. coordinator Castillo
Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press
This story is from ESPN.com's automated news wire. Wire index
- Winston's Solid Pro Day
Jameis Winston's pro day workout wasn't exceptional, but he confirmed he's worthy of being the top pick.
- Our Hindsight Is 20/20
- As ESPN.com celebrates two decades of coverage, we rank the top players and teams of the past 20 years.
Story »
- Sticking With 12 Teams
- Mailbag: John Clayton explains why expanded playoffs are on hold and discusses overtime rules and extra points.
Story »
- McShay: Mariota moves up in Mock Draft 4.0
- Draft: NFL comps for top prospects
- Sando: Free-agency grades for all 32 teams
- Kiper: 10 safest picks in draft
- McShay: Winston looks like No. 1 | Top 32


text:
Stress-Reliever Screaming Hen Squeezy Toy (Large)
- Crows in pain when you squeeze, hit or shake it
- Let the chicken have it whenever work's got you down and it'll be sure to make you feel all plucky again
- Great toy
free shipping
(8 Reviews)
» Stress Relievers
Add To Cart
White Fragrant Plush Puppy Doll Toy - Large
- Made of plush
- Comes with a collar around the neck
- Delicate fragrance emanating from puppy's legs
- Lighten your mood with this lovely doll
(0 Review)
» Dolls & Stuffed Toys
Scary Lifelike Spider Toy - Color Assorted (Big)
- Made of soft plastic and it feels like a real spider holding it in hands
- You can have some harmless fun with scaring your women friends
- Perfect for playing practica
(1 Review)
» Practical Joke Gadgets
Big Stubborn Crocodile Shaped Plush Toy - Green
- Lovely modeling, lifelike image, very popular
- Size: 20cm x 17cm
- Packing list:
- 1 x Crocodile toy
(3 Reviews)
Stress-Reliever Screaming Hen Squeezy Toy (Ultra-Large)
(4 Reviews)
Magic Paper Small Playing Card to Large Card Toy - Red + Multicolor
Color: Red + Multicolored Material: Paper Quantity: 1Set Suitable Age : 12-15 Years , Grownups
» Magic Supplies
Transformable Tomas Train Toy
- Plastic material - Transformable design, can be transformed into a robot - Great toy for children - Comes with a disk
(2 Reviews)
» Anime & Movie Figures
Robotime W110 Large Windmill DIY Colored Drawing Solar Powered Assembly Toy - Wood Color
Color: Wood Color Model: W110 Material: Synthetic wood + solar panel + drawing material Quantity: 1Piece Shape Style: Windmill Number: 3 Size: 20.5 x 17.5 x 9.3cm Suitabl
» Solar Powered Toys
1:10 Oversized Stunt Tanker Off-road Remote Control Car Toy - Black + Red
Color: Black + Red + Multi-Colored Brand: N A Model: XYTJ10-1 Material: ABS plastic + electronic components Quantity: 1Set Shade Of Color: Black Shape Model: Offroad Car
» R/C Cars
Cute Insect Doll Toy
- Made of soft and comfortable fabric
- Great toy for your child
Chicken Style Funny Anger Vent Toys - Camouflage (Large / 40cm)
Color: Camouflage Green + Red Material: Tong plastic Quantity: 1Piece Shape Style: Chicken Suitable Age : 12-15 Years , Grownups , 9-12 Months , 13-24 Months , 3-4 Years
Scary Lifelike Snake Toy - Green
Model SLWJS Quantity 1piece s per pack Color Green Material Silicone Specification Imitative realistic design; Great joke and trick toy for your friends PackingList 1 x
Crocodile Dentist Desktop Mechanical Toy
- Large version of the fun tiny biting croc toy that entertains everyone around you - Press the croc's teeth. Press the wrong one and you'll get bite!
(12 Reviews)
» Finger Toys
Charming Panda Figure Toy
- Material: nylon cloth + foam particles filler
- Color: cream + black
- Great gifts for children
(20 Reviews)
Newtons Cradle (Extra Large)
- A perfect desk toy which is fun and scientific
- Comes with red base of fine workmanship
- Pull one back and let it go----as it strikes the motionless balls, watch the
» Other Toys
Ling Le Si PJ310 DIY Model Huge Claw Dragon 3D-Puzzle Toy - Dark khaki
Brand Ling Le Si Model PJ3101 Quantity 1 piece s per pack Color Dark khaki Material Art paper + EPS foam Specification 2 x EPS foam boards Other Feature Brings you joy an
» Blocks & Jigsaw Toys
Shock-Your-Friend Electric Shock Handshake Toy
The shock-your-friend electric shock handshake toy is perfect for small harmless pranks among friends. They will shock as touch the toy. This toy is a great tool to play
(41 Reviews)
Cute Big Head Dog Toy Short Plush Throw Pillow - Blue + Beige (80cm)
Model 2 Quantity 1 piece s per pack Color Blue + beige Material Short plush Filler PP cotton Specification Cute and fashionable big head dog; Other Feature Soft and comfo
Stress-Reliever Screaming Hen Squeezy Toy (Small)
Oversized Children / Kids Ride-on Caterpillar Excavator Riding Toy w/ Helmet - Yellow + Multicolored
Color: Yellow + Grey + Multi-Colored Material: Plastic Quantity: 1Set Suitable Age : 3-6 Months , 6-9 Months , 9-12 Months , 13-24 Months , 3-4 Years , 5-7 Years
Magnet Buzzing Round Ball Toy - Black (Pair)
Model YXCT Quantity 2 piece s per pack Color Black Material Magnet Specification Diameter: 1.85cm; These fun little magnetic toys produce a buzzing or rattling type
» Magnets Gadgets
Remote Controlled Snake Toy (4xAAA + 1x9V)
Remote control snakes are very cool. These all new toys can provide the scares you want to give your friends and family. It's a fast little snake with a flicking tongue
» R/C Robots & Animals
Creative Plastic Dragonfly Toy Set - Multicolored (20 PCS)
- Model: QT-5
- Quantity: 10 set
- Color: Multicolored
- Material: Plastic
- Suitable age: 8+
- Creative dragonfly style
- Great toy fun children to play outside
Cute Panda Style Plush Finger Puppet Toy - Black + White
Brand N A Model N A Quantity 1 piece s per pack Color Black + White Material Plush cloth Specification Great toy for parents and the kids Packing List 1 x Finger toy
Lifelike Emulation Big Jellyfish Toy for Aquarium Fish Tank - Blue
Color: Blue + Transparent Material: Plastic + silicone Quantity: 1Piece
» Pet Fish Zone
Assembling Mini Solar Power Sport Car Toy - Black
Model N A Quantity 1 piece s per pack Color Black Material Plastic Specification Small but w great speed; Size: 95 x 45 x 45mm; Suitable for more than 8 years old people
Stress-Reliever Screaming Beach Suit Hen Squeezy Toy
Mixed Color Large Plastic Snowflake Building Blocks (100PCS)
Color: Multi-Colored Material: ABS Quantity: 1Set Number: 100 Size: N A Suitable Age : 9-12 Months , 13-24 Months , 3-4 Years , 5-7 Years , 8-11 Years
AODA Stainless Steel Yo-Yo Toy - Golden
- Brand: AODA
- Model: YSDX-103
- Color: Golden
- Stainless steel material
- Comes with string
- Great toy for children or personal collection
» Yo-Yo
Genuine Toy Plus Taste 'N Fun Ice Cream Maker (Aged 5+)
Color Others, Model TP11006 Quantity 1 Set Specification Comes with recipes, 4 ice cream cups, 4 small spoons, 1 large spoon, 2 topping dispensers and a large base to hol
Creative Magnetic Levitation Air Floating Toy - Black + White
x Magnetic toy
(5 Reviews)
» Educational Toys
Flower Pattern Soft Cloth Pet Bed Mat w/ Catnip Bee Toy for Cat / Dog - Orange + White (Large-Size)
Color: Orange + Yellow Material: Cloth Quantity: 1Set Suitable For: Cat , Dog
» Pet Bed
Sky-Touch Rubber Powered Model Plane Assembly Toy
- Great toy for child
Stress-Relieve Copper Magic Slinky Rainbow Spring Toy
The stress-relieve copper spring toy is rainbow shape. You can use it to release your stress as you are down. The magic slinky spring is made of high quality copper
(15 Reviews)
Stress-Reliever Screaming Bikini Hen Squeezy Toy
6-in-1 Solar Powered Assembly Toy Kit - White + Green
- Color: White + Green
- Material: Plastic
- Voltage: 1.5V
- Current: 210mA
- Contains 21pcs small parts
- Can assemble 6 different toys: hovercraft 121 x 61 x 86mm
Children's Educational Toys Spinning Top Wooden Gyro (3 PCS)
Model N A Quantity 3 piece s per pack Color Black Material Lotus wood Specification Big gyro size: 4 x 4 x 4.5cm; Middle gyro size: 3 x 3 x 3.5cm; Small gyro size: 2.5 x
Lifelike Silicone Spider Toy - Red + Black
Model 3 Quantity 1 piece s per pack Color Red + black Material Silicone Specification With strap for easy carrying; Lifelike spider designed, great toy for children; Not
Soft Plush Cute Wedding Pig Couple Doll Toys - Beige (Pair)
, couple room decoration, gift to your friends in love, hang ornament for bags, ect Packing List 1 x Pair pig couple toys
Glow-in-the-Dark Android Robot Doll Toy Cell Phone Strap - Red
- Made of hard silicone material
- Will glow-in-the-dark when it absorbed enough sunlight
- Great decoration for your cell phone, MP3, MP4, keychain and bag etc.
» Phone Charms
Solar Powered Lamborghini Model Toy - White + Black
Model N A Quantity 1piece s per pack Color White + Black Material ABS Specification Great educational toy for children Other Features Solar panel working current: 200mA
Oval Hematite Chatter Magnet Stone Toy - Black (Pair)
The oval hematite chatter magnet stone toy is convenient to carry with to be great to play with. The magnet stone is great for birthday party favors or other gift giving
(22 Reviews)
Christmas Clapper + Crown + Eyepatch + Whistle Toy
- Included 4 different type of party toy
- Suit for birthday party, Christmas festival, welcome party, New Year party, anniversary party etc.
- Will get plenty of
» Christmas Decorations
Solar Powered Flying Plane Tower Toy Set - White + Red + Blue
Other Feature Solar powered, enveironment-friendly, Great toys for children Packing List 1 x Flying plane tower
Xiaoguaidan 0508 Plastic Castle Adventure Educational Maze Toy - Grey + Yellow + Red + Blue
measurement and spatial perception abilities; Great toy for children Suitable Age Above 3 years old Certification 3C Packing List 1 x Maze toy 1 x Chinese English user manual
LT3364 Cute Shaking Head Shepherd Dog Toy Car Decoration - Yellow + Black
Model LT3364 Quantity 1 piece s Material Gypsum + nylon tricot Color Yellow + black Function Cute shaking head shepherd dog toy decoration; It will shake its head or nod
» Other Interior
Magicyoyo N6 Aluminum Alloy YO-YO Toy - Golden
type Specification Great toy for Yo-Yo lovers Suitable Age 8+ Packing List 1 x Yo-Yo toy 1 x Strap 110cm
Magicyoyo N5 Zinc Alloy YO-YO Toy - Red
Bearing "U "type Specification Great toy for Yo-Yo lovers Suitable Age 8+ Packing List 1 x Yo-Yo ball 1 x Strap 110cm
Cute Ant Home / Colony Behavior Observer Toy - Blue
Model N A Quantity 1 piece s per pack Color Blue Material ABS Specification Observing ant behavior Other Features Large space, great for ant's activity; Can observe ant d
» Other Supplies
Intellectual Development Construction Blocks Pegboard Toy (120-Piece Pack)
challenging, educational toy for children Other Features Contains 120pcs small parts Suitable Age over 3-year old Packing List 1 x Intellectual Development Construction Blocks
Large LED Signalling Rod with Flashlight and Siren
- Perfect as a signalling or warning device - Built-in loud siren - Also features a bright white LED as flashlight - 3 modes: Red Strobe Red Steady On White LED Flashligh
» LED Toys
LT3365 Cute Shaking Head Beagle Toy Car Decoration - White + Brown + Black
Model LT3365 Quantity 1 piece s Material Gypsum + nylon tricot Color White + brown + black Function Cute shaking head beagle toy decoration; It will shake its head or
God of War 2 PVC Action Figure Display Toy Doll - Kratos with Flaming Blades
The God of War 2 PVC action figure display toy doll is so cool that your children will love it. The doll is also a perfect gift for your friends who love God of War 2
God of War 2 PVC Action Figure Display Toy Doll - Kratos with Medusa Head
Model N A Quantity 1 piece s per pack Color Brown,White,Red,Green,Grey Material PVC Anime Movie PS2 game God of War 2 Character Kratos Other Features Height: 15cm; Joints
(7 Reviews)
"Y" Type Newton's Cradle Balance Balls Science Pendulum Desktop Toy - Red Brown + Silver (2 PCS)
Packing List 2 x Balance ball toy set
Woodcraft DIY Model 3D Puzzle Toys - Human Skeleton
- Material: wood
- Individual pieces slot to interlock with each other forming a 3D model
- Great challenging and educational puzzle for children and fun for adults
- Com
Car Style Electric Shock + White Flashlight + Infrared Ray Joke Toy (4 x AG3 Batteries)
will emit white flashlight
- Pressing the right rear wheel, it will emit infrared ray
- Great joke and trick toy for your friends
- Powered by 4 x AG3 batteries included
Valentines Swan Resin Display Toy (Pair)
- Model: DY9214
- Color: White
- Material: Resin
- Great display collection or gift for your friends
» Display Models
Electric Boat Ship Toy - Random Color (2 x AA)
- Plastic case material
- Great toy for children
- Powered by 2 x AA batteries not included
- Random color will be shipped yellow red
H51S Newton's Cradle Balance Balls Science Pendulum Desktop Toy - Red Brown + Silver
process to watch; Bring this quirky desk toy and a bit of unprecedented genius into your life for a daily dose of inspiration; The contact of the outer ball with the inner
(18 Reviews)
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text:
Help with error e0008113 - Physical Volume Library Robot not found
We have a Dell ML6010 with 2 tape drives connected through a fiber switch to our server. After restarting the server and tape drives the device shows offline. When put online we get the error e0008113 - Physical Volume Library Robot not found. We've deleted the tape drives, turned off the server and tape drive. Turned on the tape drive and let it initialize and then booted the server, and now the tape drives aren't showing at all in the device view. We need help with this.
Comments 6 Comments • Jump to latest comment
I don't see the Dell ML6010 listed in the HCL of BE12 or BE12.5, it is first listed in the HCL of BE2010.
Did it work before, or are you trying to setup this for the first time ?
If your setup is new, I suggest to look into BE2010
If this response answers your concern, please mark it as a "solution"
@ZeroCool: I'm sorry but you're completely wrong here. If you look at the BE 12.0 and BE 12.5 HCL's, the Dell ML6000 Series tape libraries ARE supported. Not sure why you said they aren't...? This library would be the same as the HP StorageWorks MSL-series, in that there are different versions. They're all lumped under the same model.
Jared: Can you see the robotics and both drives in Windows? If you can, then zoning isn't an issue. If you can't, check the zoning on your FC switches first.
If the library is seen in Windows, I'd suggest starting your troubleshooting of BE 12.x by making sure that you are fully patched with all the available updates, and that you're running the latest drivers for BE 12.x.
You can also ensure that Windows Server 2003's RSM service is stopped, if you're running Win2K3.
Lastly, check on the Dell website...there should be a utility for your library where you can check what's going on, and if you have any hardware issues, then you can sort it out that way.
Alternative ways to access Backup Exec Technical Support:
...the BE 2010 HCL simply expands on the models in each library family, which the BE 12.x HCLs don't.
Alternative ways to access Backup Exec Technical Support:
We got the tape drive online, but now when a backup job starts it is randomly grabbing a tape and changing the media set that the tape is associated with in order to back up on it. Previously BE12 would follow the media sets that we had assigned to a tape, now it is just grabbing any available tape and backing up to it.


text:
Had this track featured Spitta, it'd have been super smash hit! Dope cut still
swaaaggg biittch
This that Kush & OJ shit I've been missing. Welcome back Wiz.
all wiz ever raps about is money and weed....dude is so played out. he fuckin sucks.
guess wiz and yo mama got somethin in common then!
Please visit when you have the time on your hands comment and "Like" thanks much love...... Fan Page ====> http://www.facebook.com/pages/Frank-Notez/121174551287073 Reverbnation ====> http://www.reverbnation.com/franknotez Detour Mixtape ===>http://www.datpiff.com/Frank-Notez-Detour-mixtape.271796.html
This is how u get people to listen to you? Goodluck with that,
Damn beat is Fiiiiire, can't wait to bump this on my system, also Wiz's flow is so nice
it sounds like they just took an old juciy j accapella and put it on this bit and it doesnt sound right
Best song ever, not even kiddin!
that nikka whiz need 2 keep rappn like that & juicy j got it hype thats wats good kant hate its a 5!
eazy e killlldddd itt!!!!!!!! fuk yeh
this sucks
this song sucks ur moms pussy
song was aight , check out my first track doe , dope! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fy_1uDWOATM
chill OG
WHAT PEOPLE DONT REALIZE: once you've made classic shit your here forever,once youve built a core fanbase your here forever, Ja rule still does shows, nas "sold out" and hes still at the top,so did jay's,so did eminem...i still listen to Eminems "infinite" album,nas illmatic an it was written etc...wiz did show and prove,prince of the city 1 an 2,b.a.r,how fly,star power,and kush and oj..HES HERE FOREVER no matter what bullshit he shits on a track,unless hes beatin women an turning into a racist terrorist that hates on every race includin his own,HES HERE FOREVER AN PEOPLE WILL CONTINUE TO LISTEN TO HIM...ESPECIALLY PEOPLE WHO'VE SEEN WIZ LIVE IN CONCERT..
forever? for ever ever? for Ever Ever???????
this song is tight but juicy didnt fit in...and i LIKE juicy j,hes my favorite producer of all time
Taylor Gang: Wiz Khalifa Chevy Woods Neako Lola Monroe Juicy J
Wiz Kill It!!!!
For beats/instrumentals, visit www.aricthethrowed.com.
I've been saying this since Cabin Fever came out, Wiz is back man. Fuck Rolling Papers, Wiz is back with that Kush and OJ flow, decent lyrics and bomb ass beats. 5/5
Dope beat.. Not better then in my car but still fresh. Still refuse to listen to Rollin papers since I heard roll up.
how does seeing this nigga perform his shitty pop songs live make his shitty sellout album better than it actually is?
people hate rollin papers,but if u seen it live youd like it,and two of my favorite wiz songs r on there,star of the show an the race
Sick Beat, sick Rhymes Freessshhhhh Wiz!!!! Juicy Kinda Killed It Doee "Cant wait for "taylor ALlerdience"!!! ... TGOD!!!!!!!!!
juicy j...shut the fuck up (ur voice)
Khalifa is back.. Juicy J isnt at all good, just more of someone who gets u hyped with his lyrics and shit.. if it wasnt for juicy J i wouldve gave this a 5 but since he is ft in it 3/5
Juicy J > Wiz Khalifa
You tellin me it took a freshman in the rap game to come an revive an old skool dude career Damn Wiz must be talented............ YOU WANT TO HEAR GOOD MUSIC CLICK HERE http://soundcloud.com/inevitable-success/sets/taste-of-success
this boy is retarded.
wiz is changing for the good as an artist, next album is gona be dope, we love hater!!!!
I agree Too
fuck that stupid bitch juicy j.... my bitch thinks i got juicy balls so fuck him!!!!!!
annoying sample, decent verses, annoying hook...overall 3/5 cuz it still flowed together...
a juicy j cut for sure
at last he got rid ot that Rolling Papers style
wiz gonna be one of the top sellin rappers in the game when he is done
Yo shout out to my nigga iceber. Stay icey blazed nugga
TGOD we in this thaaaang Yall know Wiz bout to snap on this mixtape right? He made his money so now he bout to give back to the fans
the sample did it for me. downloading to itunes...
shits mad dope
Taylor Gang or Die
I fucks with this shit... s/o to pittsburgh! this beat is dope! get 12 beats for $24.99 @ www.buyhiphopbeatsonline.com today!
Pretty good, besides Juicy J
Subject matter.. C'mon man. C'mon.
you're a gay fish, yo


text:
Egyptian Stocks: Eastern Co. and Telecom Egypt Were Active
Jan. 17 (Bloomberg) -- Egypt's benchmark EGX 30 Index rose to the highest level in more than a month, gaining 1.2 percent to 3,877.29 at the 2:30 p.m. close in Cairo.
The following were among the most active equities on the Egyptian Exchange. Stock symbols follow company names.
Eastern Co. (EAST EY) lost as much as 4.1 percent before closing unchanged at 93.86 Egyptian pounds. Egypt's monopoly cigarette producer was given three months to implement a watermark system to combat counterfeit products, Al Mal reported, citing Fathy Abdelaziz, who heads the information unit at the country's tax authority.
Eastern said yesterday implementing the system would cost the company about 207 million pounds ($34 million).
Telecom Egypt Co. (ETEL EY) advanced 1.6 percent to 14.34 pounds, the highest level in more than two months. The Arab country's monopoly fixed-line phone company said its board of directors will propose at shareholder meeting on Jan. 29 paying a dividend of 30 piasters per share.
To contact the reporter on this story: Ahmed A Namatalla in Cairo at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Claudia Maedler at email@example.com


text:
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text:
outlast - meaning in Hindi
Pronunciation of outlastआउट्लैस्ट
Meanings of outlast in Hindi[Show Transliteration]
Inflected formsoutlasted (verb past tense)
outlasting (verb present participle)
outlasts (verb present tense)
Definitions and Meaning of outlast in Englishoutlast - verb
- live longer than
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Meaning and definitions of outlast, translation in Hindi language for outlast with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of outlast in Hindi and in English language. Also find spoken pronunciation of outlast in Hindi and in English language.
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