text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 22, 2012
|Filing date
|Dec 7, 2010
|Priority date
|Oct 10, 2001
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Bronislava G. Belenkaya, Valentina I. Sakharova, Vyacheslav N. Polevov
|Original Assignee
|Claudia Polevov, legal representative
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Classifications (47)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is a continuation application of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/986,751, entitled "Biodegradable absorbents and methods of preparation," filed Nov. 26, 2007 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,858,837, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application, entitled "Biodegradable Absorbents and Methods of Preparation," Ser. No. 10/267,823, filed on Oct. 9, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,309,498, which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/328,454, filed on Oct. 10, 2001. The disclosures of these copending applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein. The present application claims priority of U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/328,454 filed on Oct. 10, 2001, incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to the field of biodegradable hydrophilic nonwoven absorbents and more particularly to microfiber biodegradable absorbents prepared by the electrohydrodynamic method from blends of synthetic biodegradable polyesters and poly (N-vinyl) lactams which can be used for a variety of applications including wounds and burns dressings, drug carriers and for cosmetic applications.
It has been known to use poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone (PVP) complexes with polyurethanes to yield hydrophilic materials, which can be used as wound dressings or in cosmetic preparations. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,156,601 discloses a dressing, which includes a tacky gel of polyurethane and a poly (N-vinyl) lactam such as PVP. U.S. Pat. No. 5,420,197 describes hydrophilic gels formed by poly (N-vinyl) lactams, such as PVP, and chitosan. U.S. Pat. No. 6,121,375 disclose hydrophilic gel-like materials of PVP and polyaldehyde. Other references of general background interest include U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,322. All these materials are gel-like and non-biodegradable.
Although some of these hydrophilic materials can be used for wound dressings and other surgical and cosmetic applications, many hydrophilic materials known in the arts are hydrophilic gels that are non-biodegradable, and most of them are reversible.
It has also been known to make nonwoven fibrous-porous material on the base of a blend of poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone (PVP) and cellulose diacetate in component weight ratio of 1:(4-10) with high porosity and high moisture absorption prepared "in electrostatic field by continuous supply of an electrically charged polymeric solution through a nozzle" (Pat. RU No. 2111300). But this material is nonbiodegradable.
There is also known, Pat. RU No. 2031661, a microfibrous wound-healing remedy used for first and outdoors aid, prepared by the electrohydrodynamic method. The remedy comprises a composition of poly-d.l-lactide, poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone and a powdered sorptive material like polysaccharides networks, polyacrylates, cellulose esters or polyvinyl alcohol derivatives. The material could absorb 5-8 g/g water or blood; exhibited haemostatic abilities within 40 seconds and moderate wound healing effects. But introduction of nondegradable or slow degradable components such as polyvinyl alcohol derivatives into this material significantly decreased its biodegradation ability and limited its use for external application.
There is also known, Pat. RU No. 2120306, a totally biodegradable two layer dressing for wounds and burns consisting of a baking thin film layer (25-30 mkm) prepared from copoly (lactide-caprolactone) or copoly (lactide-glycolide) with a lactide/caprolactone or lactide/glycolide ratio of at most 50% w and a wound facing microfiber absorbent layer comprising a polylactide and poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone blend with a ratio of polylactide/poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone from 90/10 to 70/30 w/w. The microfiber absorbent layer is deposited on the film by the electrohydrodynamic method. The facing microfiber layer may also contain antiseptic, analgesic drugs and proteolysis ferments. The dressings described can absorb water and any biological liquids, including blood, at most 12 g/g and biodegrade within 12-36 days. However the vapor penetration of such dressings is at most 3.1 mg/cm2 hour which precludes their use as dressings for wounds and burns that exhibit intensive "breathing", for example, large external fresh burns, bleeding wounds or different kinds of external injuries. Furthermore these dressings have poorly controllable time of degradation, which limits their application in the treatment of wounds and/or burns, and especially in the treatment of internal wounds. Better control over the degradation time is desirable.
There is also known a microfiber biodegradable polylactide web prepared by the electrospinning method from a polymer solution. The polymer concentration is 4-6% w. The voltage is 33-60 kV; the average fiber diameter is about 1 μm (See the article in Proceeding of the ACS, PMSE, p. 115, Mar. 26-30, 2000). But there is no evidence of any hydrophilic or bioactive properties of such a web. According to the article a solution of polylactide in dichloromethane was placed in a syringe. The syringe was positioned with its needle pointing down, The piston of the syringe was moved down with a controlled velocity by a motor. The negative pole was set at the metal capillary of the syringe and the positive pole on the substrate bearing. Paper was used as a substrate.
Some embodiments of the invention provide dressings, implants, dermatological compatible compositions and drug carrier compositions which include totally biodegradable non-gel materials having water, blood and other biological liquids absorption ability and possessing biological active properties like haemostatic and wound healing acceleration abilities, which are irreversible, retain their contour and shape when wet, and do not exhibit any swelling.
Some embodiments provide totally biodegradable microfiber absorbents on the base of blends of synthetic biodegradable polyesters and poly (N-vinyl) lactams. These materials can be used in a variety of products such as cavity dressings, drug delivery patches, face masks, implants, drug carriers, wound and burn dressings with predictable biodegradation times and controlled absorption of biological liquids including blood, and with variable vapor penetration and controlled drug release for wounds and burns.
Some embodiments provide a method of the totally biodegradable microfiber absorbent preparation.
Some embodiments of the invention provide totally biodegradable microfiber absorbents which can be used for or incorporated into dressing compositions, dermatologicaly compatible compositions, wound packing, wound dressings, burn dressings, living cells like keratinocytes and/or fibroblasts transplants, drug delivery dressings, cosmetic masks, cosmetic wrap dressings, drug carrier compositions. The absorbents may incorporate (e.g. be soaked in) protein containing drug (e.g. insulin) and other drugs. The absorbents of the invention include a blend of synthetic biodegradable polyester and a polymer selected from a group of poly (N-vinyl)-lactams, preferably poly (N-vinyl)-pyrrolidone.
The synthetic biodegradable polyesters useful in preparing the absorbents of the invention include, but are not limited to, homopolymers of L (−), D (+), d, l-lactide, glycolide, caprolactone, p-dioxanon and/or mixtures thereof, copolymers of L (−), D (+), d, l-lactide and glycolide, or caprolactone, or p-dioxanon, or polyoxyethylene glycols, and/or mixtures thereof, or copolymers of glycolide and caprolactone, or p-dioxanon. and/or mixture thereof.
The poly (N-vinyl) lactams useful in preparing the absorbents of the invention include, but are not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers of N-vinyl lactams such as N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylbutyrolactam, N-vinylcaprolactam, and the like, as well as the foregoing prepared with minor amounts, for example, up to about 20 weight percent, of one or more of other vinyl monomers that are capable to copolymerize with the N-vinyl lactams like acrylic monomers or others. Of the poly (N-vinyl) lactam homopolymers, the poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone (PVP) homopolymers are preferred. A variety of poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidones are commercially available.
The absorbent is prepared by the electrohydrodynamic processing of a blend (a melt or a solution) of poly (N-vinyl) lactam and biodegradable polyester. In one embodiment, the blend is a solution at a polyester/poly (N-vinyl) lactam ratio from about 99/1 to about 1/99 w/w, preferably from about 98/2 to about 50/50 w/w.
The present invention provides totally biodegradable absorbents which are capable of absorbing at least 20 w/w in water or blood without swelling, are irreversible and mechanically strong, have predictable biodegradation times, are capable of controlled medication delivery to the body, have a variable water vapor penetration. The materials of the present invention have the unexpected properties such as proper haemostatic properties, enhancing the healing of wounds, especially chronic wounds (e.g., diabetic wounds), ulcers, and proper antiseptics abilities. The dressing compositions of the present invention have the advantage of self-adhesion to the wet skin with easy peelability.
Totally biodegradable absorbents may include at least one additional ingredient, which may be releasable from the absorbent. Preferably, the releasable ingredients are bioeffecting or body-treating substances including various low molecular weight or polymeric drugs for internal or external delivery to the body exactly where desired. Such absorbents may also be used as a transplantable solid support or scaffold for living cells, such as keratinocytes or fibroblasts, growing and applied as a living cell transplant for burns and wounds.
The totally biodegradable hydrophilic nonwoven microfiber absorbents can be prepared by the electrohydrodynamic spinning from a polymer blend solution using 20-120 kV at a gap distance 15-40 cm, preferably 20-40 kV. The initial solution contains a blend of a biodegradable polymer and a poly (N-vinyl) lactam and may also contain different medications for immobilization of the material. It was unexpectedly discovered that by this method the material of the invention could be prepared.
Other benefits will be identified in the following description. The description is not in any way intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but rather only to provide a working example of the preferred embodiments. The scope of the present invention will be pointed out in the appended claims.
Some embodiments of the invention provide a totally biodegradable hydrophilic nonwoven microfiber absorbents, impermeable to microbes, with variable degradation times and controlled vapor penetration for use in dressing, dressing compositions, drug carrier compositions, wound packing, wound dressings, burn dressings, including first aid dressings, drug delivery dressings, cosmetic mask dressings, cosmetic wrap dressings, cavity dressings for both internal and external applications. Cosmetic applications include skin rejuvenation and wrinkle removal. The absorbent of the invention includes a two-component blend. One component is a synthetic biodegradable polyester with different times of biodegradation selected from a group including, but not limited to, homopolymers or copolymers of L (−), D (+), d, l-lactide with glycolide, or caprolactone, or p-dioxanon, and/or mixtures thereof, or homopolymers or copolymers of caprolactone with L (−), or D (+), or d, l-lactide, or glycolide, or p-dioxanon and/or mixtures thereof, and copolymers of L (−), or D (+), or d, l-lactide, or caprolactone, or p-dioxanon with polyoxyethylene glycols (PEG) and/or mixtures thereof, or homopolymers or copolymers of p-dioxanon. The other component is a poly (N-vinyl) lactam selected from a group including, but not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers of N-vinyl lactams such as N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylbutyrolactam, N-vinylcaprolactam, and the like, as well as the foregoing prepared with minor amounts, for example, up to about 15-20 weight percent, of one or more of other vinyl monomers copolymerizable with the N-vinyl lactams such as acrylic acid, acryl amides or hydroxyalkylacrylates. Of the poly (N-vinyl) lactam homopolymers, the poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone (PVP) homopolymers are preferred. A variety of poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidones are commercially available.
To prepare a material with controlled biodegradation times, the ratio of polyester/poly (N-vinyl) lactam is used in the range from about 99/1 to about 1/99, preferably from about 98/2 to about 50/50 w/w for polylactide, or co (poly-lactide-glycolide) with a lactide/glycolide ratio from about 99/1 to about 50/50. Preferably, the poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone is used. Preferably, the molecular weights of the two components are in the range from 3�104 to 50�104 Dalton for polyester and from 0.5�104 to 4�104 Dalton for poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone. The biodegradable polyester component may contain caprolactone homopolymers and/or caprolactone copolymers with lactide (or glycolide) with a caprolactone/lactide (or glycolide) ratio from about 1/90 to about 99/1 w/w and with the molecular weights at least 15�104 Dalton for the polyester component and the polyester/poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone ratio from about 90/10 to about 50/50 w/w. The biodegradable polyester component may contain copolymers of glycolide (or lactide) and p-dioxanon with a glycolide (or lactide)/p-dioxanon ratio from about 50/50 to about 1/99 w/w.
For biodegradation time control, a low molecular weight polylactide or its copolymers with glycolide may be included into the blend in the amount of at least 5-10% w. The lactide/glycolide ratio is preferably 50/50 w/w. The molecular weights of these compounds are at least from 2�103 to 10�103 Dalton. Various low molecular weight or polymeric linear or branched alcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, etc. or polyoxyethylene glycols (PEG) of different molecular weights, respectively, may be included into the blend in the amount of at least 5-10% w.
The totally biodegradable, hydrophilic unwoven absorbent consists of microfibers at most 0.1-5 μm is irreversible with non-leachable poly (N-vinyl) lactam. The material is capable of unswelling absorption at least 20 w/w in water or blood and/or other biological liquids with high absorption rates without changing the contour or shape of the device. The material is capable of delivering medicaments externally or internally to the body exactly where desired. The material of the present invention has by itself unexpected properties such as a haemostatic property and antiseptics property. The material enhances the healing of wounds, especially chronic wounds (e.g., diabetic wounds) and ulcers and may be applied without any additional medications. The material and its degradation products are biocompatible and don't induce any tissues immune response. The products based on the materials of the present invention have a good mechanical strength and preserve their shape under wet conditions. They can be sterilized by X-ray radiation. Other advantages obtained in some embodiments include softness and compliance with skin surfaces, and self-adhesion to the wet skin but with easy peelability and a variable "breathability".
To obtain a totally biodegradable, hydrophilic unwoven absorbent, the electrohydrodynamic method for solution spinning can be applied. The method involves spraying the solution of a polymer blend through a capillary nozzle onto a substrate. More particularly, the method consists in providing a stream of compressed air or some other gas through a capillary nozzle, and continuously introducing into the air stream a solution of a blend of a biodegradable polyester and poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone or other poly (N-vinyl) lactams in a solvent (e.g. dichloromethane or mixture of ethyl acetate and a lower alcohol. An exemplary concentration of the polymer in the solution is 1-40% w. The voltage between the nozzle and the substrate can be 20-120 kV, preferably 20-40 kV. The negative pole is set at the metal capillary of the nozzle. The substrate is grounded. The gap between the nozzle and the substrate is 15-40 cm. Depending on the voltage, gap value and polymer in the solution concentration, materials of a controlled density and microfiber diameters from 0.1-5 μm can be prepared. After the completion of the process the microfiber unwoven material is removed from the substrate, cut into pieces (for example, squares) and vacuum dried. A finished product is packed and sterilized by γ-radiation by conventional techniques.
The substrate can be either a static surface or a rotating drum as described in Russian patent RU 2121036 (20 Oct. 1998).
Materials with a different degree of "breathability" can be obtained through: 1) selection of the microfiber thickness and packing density; 2) electrohydrodynamic microfiber deposition on at least 5-10 μm thick polymeric films of the appropriate breathability. These films can be prepared from biodegradable polymers and copolymers like polylactide, or poly (lactide-co-glycolide) with a lactide/glycolide ratio from about 1/99 to about 99/1, or poly (lactide-co-caprolactone) with a lactide/caprolactone ratio from about 1/99 to about 99/1, polycaprolactone, poly-p-dioxanon or its copolymers with glycolide or lactide with a p-dioxanon/lactide or glycolide ratio from about 1/99 to about 99/1. These biodegradable films, which serve as backing films in such dressings, may be prepared by any conventional methods of polymer processing from either a polymer melt or a polymer solution. A backing film with variable vapor permeability (i.e. breathability) can also be prepared from a mixture of biodegradable polyesters listed above and other biocompatible polymers of various molecular weights like polyoxyethylene glycols in the amount of at least 15% w. The backing film may also improve the mechanical properties of the dressings.
The "breathability" can also be increased by increasing the gap between the nozzle and the substrate if the electrohydrodynamic method is used. The "breathability" is believed to decrease if a higher voltage is used between the nozzle and the substrate. These techniques (gap size and voltage) can be used with or without the backing film. More particularly, in some embodiments, no backing film is present. The absorbent material is formed by the electrohydrodynamic method on a substrate as described above. The substrate can be a rotating drum. After this electrohydrodynamic deposition, the absorbent article is removed from the substrate. The article can be used without any backing film. Non-drum substrates including non-moving substrates, can be used.
The absorbent of the invention may also include at least one additional ingredient, which may be releasable from the absorbent. Preferably, the releasable ingredients are bioeffecting or body-treating substances including different low molecular weight or polymeric drugs for internal or external delivery to the body exactly where desired. Particularly preferred as biologically-active additives are also antimicrobials such as tetracycline, neomycin, oxytetracycline, triclosan, sodium cefazolin, silver sulfadiazine, and also salicylates such as methylsalicylate and salicylic acid, nicotinates such as methyl nicotinate; capsaicin, benzocaine, alpha-hydroxy acids, vitamins and biostats and others, or antioncology active drugs like doxorubicin, toxol and others or insulin, or interferon, or others.
When the material is used for wound and burn healing acceleration, it may contain living human cells like keratinocytes or fibroblasts previously grown on the material as on the solid porous scaffold.
To provide a prolonged and controlled drug release to the surface of internal and/or external wounds or burns, the material may contain two or more microfiber layers. Different layers may have different compositions. Each layer includes the biodegradable polymer with or without poly (N-vinyl) lactam. Different layers may also have different ratios of biodegradable polymer/poly (N-vinyl) lactam or different biodegradable polymers. Different types of polymers and/or copolymers may be used that may have different molecular weights, contain different biocompatible functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and/or amino groups or contain different additives such as low or high molecular weight alcohols like sorbitol, mannitol, starch, polyoxyethylene glycols, etc. Each layer may include at least one additional bioactive ingredient which may be releasable from the absorbent and which may be immobilized into polymeric matrix as by the electrohydrodynamic method as by conventional methods such as wetting of the material by drug solution.
When the electrohydrodynamic method is used for drug immobilization into an absorbent, the drug can be dissolved in a polymeric blend solution and immobilized using the device shown in
For drug delivery systems, the material of the present invention may contain drugs immobilized by the electrohydrodynamics or other methods and then ground into fine particles of a size less than 10 μm. These particles can be used for parenteral drug administration as a suspension in water, or for oral delivery after tableting the particles prepared by conventional compression methods. Tablets for oral drug delivery may also be prepared by conventional methods of tablet compression of the non-ground material with immobilized drugs. For drug carrier usage, the material may be prepared for example from the blend of polylactide and poly (N-vinyl) pyrrolidone, and polylactide molecular weights are at least 5�104 Dalton. The following examples are intended to illustrate but not limit the invention. The claim will serve to define the invention.
In the following examples the preparation of biodegradable absorbents is described, which absorbents can be used as wound and burn dressings, drug carriers and for cosmetic applications. These examples should not be viewed as limiting the scope of the invention. The claims will serve to define the invention.
Poly (d.l-lactide-co-glycolide) with a lactide/glycolide ratio 70/30 w/w and with an average molecular weight of 150000 Dal and Poly-d.l-lactide with an average molecular weight of 230000 Dal was synthesized by conventional ring-opening polymerization from d.l-lactide and glycolide that were purchased from Russian National Institute of Monomers (Tula, Russia). Poly-(N-vinyl) pyrrolidone with an average molecular weight of 30000 Dal was purchased from a Russian enterprise.
1. Solution Preparation.
Poly (d.l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) was dissolved in ethyl acetate to make a 20% (w/w) solution with solution viscosity 1-2 poise (Solution A) or a 10% (w/w) solution with solution viscosity 0.5 poise (Solution B). Poly-(N-vinyl) pyrrolidone (PVP) was dissolved in ethanol making a 20% (w/w) solution and mixed with the PLGA solution in ethyl acetate at PVP/PLGA ratio of 20/80 (w/w) that was used for the electrohydrodynamic spinning.
2. Microfiber Material Preparation.
The PLGA/PVP solution was filtered to remove mechanical and gel-like impurities and was placed into a container 2 (
3. Measurements of Microfiber Material Properties.
To measure the degree of absorbency, 2 cm2 strips (0.5�4 cm) of the microfiber mat were cut and weighed (dry weight or DW), The end of the narrow side (0.5 cm side) of the strip was immersed in water or blood and soaked for 10-15 min. The liquid was drained and the strip was weighed (wet weight or WW). The content of water or blood absorbed by the material calculated using the equation:
Water/blood absorbed content=(WW−DW)/DW,g/g
Data on biodegradation times and haemostatic abilities of the material were obtained from in vivo experiments.
Sample 1.
Solution A: (PVP/PLGA in ethyl acetate, 20% PLGA) was spun by the electrohydrodynamic method with 30 kV at 25 cm gap distance L (
Sample 2.
Solution B: (PVP/PLGA in ethyl acetate, 10% PLGA) was spun by the electrohydrodynamic method with 30 kV at 25 cm gap distance L (
Sample 3.
Solution A: (PVP/PLGA in ethyl acetate, 20% PLGA) was spun by the electrohydrodynamic method with 40 kV at 25 cm gap distance L (
Sample 4.
Solution A: (PVP/PLGA in ethyl acetate, 20% PLGA) was spun the electrohydrodynamic method with 30 kV at 40 cm gap distance L (
Sample 5.
Solution A: (PVP/PLGA in ethyl acetate, 20% PLGA) was spun by the electrohydrodynamic method with 30 kV at 25 cm gap distance L (
Test results for the materials in Samples 1-5 are summarized in Table 1.
Physical-chemical and biomedical properties of biodegradable absorbents.
Moisture vapor
Times of
Mg/cm2 hour
in vivo*, days
Non penetrable
Non penetrable
Non penetrable
Non penetrable
Non penetrable
*Visual observation of in vivo degradation of equal square pieces of the material on the surface of fresh clean wounds formed on rat skin.
Sample 1.
Silver sulfadiazine was dissolved under slight heating in ethanol to form a 5% solution and then added to the PLGA/PVP solution described above to yield a 1% silver sulfadiazine concentration in the final material. The solution was spun by the electrohydrodynamic method with 30 kV at 25 cm gap distance L (
Sample 2.
Silver sulfadiazine in the form of fine particles was placed into container 12 (
The invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, For example, in the electrohydrodynamic method, an alternating electric field can be used. Also, solutions can be replaced by melts. Other embodiments are within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 9, 2002
|Dec 18, 2007
|Belenkaya Bronislava G
|Biodegradable absorbents and methods of preparation
|Oct 9, 2002
|Apr 10, 2003
|Belenkaya Bronislava G.
|Biodegradable absorbents and methods of preparation
|Title not available
|U.S. Classification
|602/48, 424/445, 424/443, 424/448, 424/449, 424/447
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Asus Fonepad announced: Be Dom Joly with this 7-inch tablet phone
Asus CEO Jonney Shih took to the stage at Mobile World Conference 2013 in Barcelona to reveal the Asus Fonepad, a 7-inch tablet with full 3G phone capabilities.
Rather than the "two devices, one solution" logic of the Asus Padfone Infinity, the Fonepad is the all-in-one solution.
READ: Asus Padfone Infinity announced
This 3G HSPA+ device has a 7-inch 1280 x 800 pixel display and comes loaded with an Intel Atom Z2420 for low power consumption that, according to Shih, will mean 10hours of battery life.
It's possible to make phone calls if you want to play Dom Joly for the day, as well as video calls and all the usual tablet-based touchscreen tasks - whether social media, web browsing or snapping shots via the 3-megapixel rear or 1.2-megapixel front-facing cameras.
The rear camera will capture only 720p video, but there's enough power on tap to playback 1080p video you might have imported to the device.
The streamlined metallic finish of the device is available in either titanium grey or champage gold, but the big reveal is its price: $249 (£165) buys the basic model.
It may be a 7-inch tablet, but the profile is pretty slim at 10.4mm thick. That's a size that would do any smartphone proud, but the weight of 340g might put you off making longer calls.
It will be available in 8GB or 16GB variants, with a SD card slot so you can expand on storage.
There's no word on pricing or availability for the UK for the Asus Fonepad, but this is the second enormous phone we've seen released at MWC 2013: the Samsung Galaxy Note 8.0 also offers full phone functionality.
READ: Samsung Galaxy Note 8.0 preview
UPDATE: Asus has confirmed that the Fonepad will be available in late Q2 2013 in the UK, with prices starting from £179 for the 16GB model, but specifies that pricing will be confirmed closer to launch.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Former T.L. Hanna soccer standout having big freshman year at USC
Former T.L. Hanna standout Drennan is claiming records for Gamecocks
COLUMBIA - South Carolina women's soccer coach Shelley Smith knows the kind of impact freshmen can make in a season.
Kayla Grimsley, who played from 2008-11 and left as the career leader in goals and assists, set the bar for Smith's program.
So to mention Grimsley in the same sentence as Chelsea Drennan is saying something.
"Sometimes you don't know how (freshmen will) adjust when they get here, how much they're going to lift their game physically, quickness in their play, can they handle that?" Smith said. "Chelsea is one that has probably shown the most from start to finish this season."
The former T.L. Hanna standout, who also honed her skills with an Upstate club team, has blossomed into a major player for a South Carolina squad that's ranked ninth nationally and is hosting a first-round NCAA tournament game against Furman on Friday.
The Gamecocks (16-3-2) are seeded third in the NCAAs, making it just the second time in program history they've been a national seed.
Drennan, a 5-foot-9 midfielder, has had a freshman season to remember as well.
She needed 14 games to become the school's freshman assist leader when she got her seventh of the year Oct. 11, passing Grimsley's mark.
Drennan then tied the USC mark for assists in a single game with three against Vanderbilt on Oct. 25. Her 10 assists this year leave her three shy from tying the all-time school record for single-season assists, which was set by Mindy Sanders in 1999.
"I'm just trying to help out and get goals and if that's breaking records than I guess that's what happens," Drennan said.
It hasn't taken long for Drennan, who won numerous honors and a 2012 state championship at Hanna, to figure out the college game. Drennan said it's been a successful transition that's been helped out by a senior class that's embraced the young players taking roles.
Smith said Drennan proved quickly in the preseason that she had what it took to play at this level, and she wasted little time earning a starting spot as a midfielder and spending some time at forward.
"I didn't really know if I could (play right away) or not," Drennan said. "I just tried to put myself in the position to be able to and then just taking advantage of that and making an impact to help us win."
Drennan has also scored one goal to give her 12 points on the season, which ranks third on the team.
"Chelsea is definitely someone that is that all-star, All-SEC-type caliber player that she's shown already in her freshman year," Smith said.
Drennan has done an excellent job of winning balls in the midfield and helping her team push forward. Smith said she picks off passes, reads the ball well and finds runners quickly. Drennan uses her athleticism to run to the end line and stretch the field, which puts added pressure on opposing defenses and creates scoring chances in the box.
"(Drennan) is similar to (Grimsley) in that kind of impact but more so the playmaker," Smith said. "Maybe not the one scoring all goals but the one that's made a difference in our offensive third for sure.
"She filled a need for us. She's just a tremendous player."
Drennan feels like she came into college already used to being a physical player, but Smith says this level of soccer requires even more physicality, which she's challenged her to improve in this season.
"At times she has been pushed off a little bit and we've had to get on her, and she responds," Smith said. "That's when you know you have a special player. You ask her to step up, do this different and she does it."
Drennan says her former club coach helped get her "over prepared" for the college game. Friday, she'll get reacquainted with many of the players that watched her get here.
Drennan said most of Furman's roster is former club teammates, so she'll be able to offer a little bit of a scouting report heading into a win-or-go-home contest.
"It's going to be a good game," Drennan said. "I'm excited to see all of them and it's going to be tough. It's going to be really weird playing against girls I used to play with. I'm just keeping that out of the picture and just keeping the end goal in mind to win an NCAA Championship."
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 28, 2004
|Filing date
|Mar 10, 2003
|Priority date
|Mar 10, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Salil V. Pradhan, Chandrakant D. Patel, Geoff M. Lyon
|Original Assignee
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (36), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to the following: co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/383,652, filed Mar. 10, 2003 and entitled "Tracking Electronic Devices" by Pradhan et al.; co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/354,109, filed Jan. 30, 2003 and entitled "Device Data" by Lyon et al.; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/620,272 filed Jul. 9, 2003 and entitled "Location Aware Sensor Nodes" by Pradhan et al., all of which are assigned to the assignee of the present invention and are incorporated by reference in in their entireties.
The invention pertains to tracking electronic devices. More particularly, this invention relates to tracking electronic devices using reading devices and tags.
Electronic devices such as computer servers, telecommunications devices, and the like are often housed within cabinets or racks within a building or data center. An example of a rack may be defined as an Electronics Industry Association (EIA) enclosure and typically includes a plurality of open bays. Racks permit the arrangement of electronic devices in a vertical orientation for efficient use of space. The electronic devices are typically installed into respective bays in the rack and include servers, network switches, personal computer boards, and the like, which in turn include a number of electronic components, such as processors, micro-controllers, high speed video cards, memories, semiconductor devices, and the like.
The floor plan of a data center includes the racks generally arranged side-by-side in rows such as in an X-axis and Y-axis array. The locations of the racks within the data center sometimes change as do the locations of the electronic devices within bays of the racks. Moreover, racks and electronic devices are sometimes added, replaced, or removed entirely from a data center. It is desirable to track such equipment changes in a data center and thereby maintain an up-to-date geographical inventory of the location of each rack within the data center floor plan and of the location of each electronic device within each rack, bay by bay.
Currently, however, it is burdensome to track such equipment changes in a data center along the X and Y axes (width and depth) at the rack level, but is even more burdensome to track equipment changes along the Z axis (height) at the bay level. Conventionally, the physical presence and location of electronic devices within a data center is determined manually. For example, during an inventory process, a network administrator typically walks from rack to rack around the data center and manually records the presence and location of network devices within each bay of each rack in the data center. Manual review and recordation of such information is time consuming, costly, and overly susceptible to human error.
According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method of tracking electronic devices that are equipped with tracking tags. The method comprises the following steps: distributing reading devices in locations that correspond to locations designated for the electronic devices; recording the locations of the reading devices; activating the reading devices and thereby interrogating the tracking tags of the electronic devices that are present in the locations designated for the electronic devices; collecting identification data from the tracking tags; and determining a presence and/or a location of at least one of the electronic devices based on the collected identification data.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided another method of tracking electronic devices that includes the following steps: tagging electronic devices with tracking tags; providing a rack having bays for receiving the electronic devices; distributing reading devices in locations that correspond to the bays; recording the locations of the reading devices; activating the reading devices and thereby interrogating the tracking tags of the electronic devices that are present in the bays; collecting identification data from the tracking tags; and determining at least one of the presence and location of said plurality of electronic devices based on the recording and collecting steps.
According to yet another embodiment of the invention, an apparatus is provided for tracking electronic devices having tracking tags associated therewith. A rack includes bays that receive the electronic devices. Reading devices are mounted to the rack and are distributed in correspondence with the bays. The reading devices are adapted to interrogate the tracking tags of the electronic devices to determine at least one of a presence and/or a location of at least one of the electronic devices.
According to still another embodiment of the invention, another apparatus is provided for tracking electronic devices that includes a means for tagging the electronic devices, a means for housing the electronic devices in designated locations, and a means for reading the means for tagging. The means for reading is mounted to the means for housing and is distributed in correspondence to the designated locations of the electronic devices. The apparatus also includes a means for activating the reading devices to interrogate the means for tagging. The apparatus further includes a means for collecting identification data from the tracking tags, and a means for determining the presence and/or location of the electronic devices based on the means for collecting.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying figures in which like numeral references refer to like elements, and wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a rack apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a system used in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 illustrates a flow diagram of a method of tracking electronic devices according to another embodiment of the present invention.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that these specific details need not be used to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known structures, interfaces, and processes have not been shown in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
In accordance with the present invention, an automatic tracking system and method is provided for tracking the presence and/or location of any tagged electronic device within a data center. The purpose of automatically tracking electronic devices is to continuously monitor the location of each and every tagged electronic device down to the specific aisle, rack, and bay where the electronic device is mounted. Thus, it is possible with the present invention to eliminate the costly, time consuming, and error-prone method of manually tracking the presence and/or location of electronic devices within a data center.
In general, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a rack apparatus is provided in which identification technology "overlays" the rack apparatus wherein the identification technology is provided to track the presence and location of electronic devices located within the rack. The terminology "identification technology" means any system or apparatus for identifying objects such as bar code systems, magnetic stripe systems, radio frequency identification (RFID or RF identification) systems, and the like. Furthermore, the terminology "rack apparatus" is synonymous with data rack, server rack, electronics housing or enclosure, and the like. Thus, the present invention is not limited only to server rack applications implementing RF technology.
Generally, RF systems typically include readers and one or more tags that are attached to respective objects whose identity is thereby tracked. Readers are synonymous with interrogators, exciters, transceivers, transmitter/receivers, and the like. Tags are synonymous with transponders, and the like.
The tag is an electronic device that incorporates unique identification data, such as a number, and is generally attached to an object whose identity is desired to be tracked. Thus, the object's identity is identified by the interrogating reader which reads the number of the tag to which the object is attached. The RF system operates on radio frequency and, thus, RF systems do not require a direct line of sight between the reader and the tag. As such, the tag and tagged object may be located within an enclosure. RF tags are also known as RF transponders and may be "active" or "passive". Active tags are continuously powered by a battery, whereas passive tags briefly acquire power from the reader upon being interrogated thereby. Passive tags typically include a coil or antenna to collect the from the reader the RF signal from which the tag derives its temporary operating power. Accordingly, passive tags are located within close proximity to the reader (typically in the range from a few centimeters up to one meter) in order to ensure that the tags collect a sufficient amount of energy to operate. Passive tags typically include an integrated circuit for storing data an identification number. Passive tags are typically desirable due to their smaller size, fewer components, and reduced cost compared to active tags.
The reader typically includes an antenna, analog circuitry, digital processing circuitry, and a memory. The analog circuitry includes modulation circuitry for transmitting and receiving signals to and from the tag. The digital processing circuitry generates an interrogation signal which is modulated using the analog circuitry. Thus, the reader emits a radio frequency signal in the vicinity of the tag and the tag emits a response, from which the RF system determines the identity of the responding tag. More specifically, the reader transmits a coded RF signal, from which a nearby tag or tags collect energy. The nearby tag uses the collected energy to compare the coded RF signal to the tag's identification data. If the tag's identification data is the same as that encoded in the RF signal, then the tag relays its encoded identification data back to the reader. Alternatively, and as contemplated by the present invention, the RF system is configured to use the reader to interrogate the tag and then automatically relay the tag's identification data back through the RF system to the reader.
RF components and systems, in and of themselves, arc generally well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. What is not currently known to those of ordinary skill in the art, however, is the present specific application and adaptation of RF technology for tracking electronic devices within a data center, which is further described below.
Referring now specifically to FIG. 1, an enclosure or rack 10 is shown which may be, for example, an Electronics Industry Association enclosure, 78 in. (2 meters) wide, 24 in. (0.61 meter) wide and 30 in. (0.76 meter) deep. The rack 10 includes opposed pairs of mounts 12 that define open bays 14 a-n into which electronic devices 16 are located. The term "rack" includes any doors, lids, or other accessories associated with the rack (not shown). One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the mounts 12 and bays 14 a-n merely exemplify one of any number of mounting means that are used with rack apparatus.
Furthermore, the term "bay" is synonymous with slot, opening, location, position, and the like.
The rack 10 may house any number of electronic devices 16 which may be modules, server boards, telecommunications devices, and the like, e.g., about forty (40) to eighty (80) devices. The electronic devices 16 typically include a number of components 18, e.g., processors, micro-controllers, high speed video cards, memories, semiconductor devices, and the like. Some racks include retractable rails to which the electronic devices are slidably mounted, wherein the retractable rails permit the electronic devices to be moved between a retracted position within the rack and an extended position in which the electronic devices are at least partially extended from the rack. In any case, it is highly desirable to track the presence, identification, and/or location of each electronic device 16 within each rack 10 in a data center.
Using any number of readily available identification technologies, each electronic device 16 is tagged with a tracking device or tag 20, such as a radio frequency (RF) transponder, or RF tag, as shown. Alternatively, the tag 20 may instead be a bar code tag, a magnetic tag, magneto-mechanical tag, microwave tag, and the like. In general, RF tags are typically programmed with unique identification codes that identify an object with which the RF tags are associated. In one embodiment, the tag 20 may be a passive device. In another embodiment, the tag 20 may be an active device having a relatively greater communication range.
As defined herein, the terminology "tracking device" or "tag" means hardware, information, signals, and the like that are not necessarily intrinsic to the circuitry or software associated with the electronic devices 16 or components 18 thereof. In other words, the tag is externally attached to a respective electronic device and is independent of the intrinsic workings of the electronic devices 16 and components 18. As shown, the tag 20 may be encoded with any unique identification, such as medium access controlled identification of the electronic device with which it is associated.
Before each electronic device 16 is installed in the rack 10, it is "tagged" with respective RF tags 20. As used herein, the word "attached" is broadly construed to include all types of associating an RF tag with an object to be tagged. The tags 20 are shown mounted onto a left front portion of each electronic device 16, but the tag 20 can be mounted to, printed on, or encapsulated within each electronic device 16. The tag 20 may be attached to the respective electronic device by adhesive, by double-sided tape, by metal fasteners, and the like. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many other methods of physically associating tags 20 with respective electronic devices 16 are possible and the present invention is not limited to the examples set forth herein. In other words, it is not necessary to mount the tag 20 exactly as shown and it is contemplated that the tag 20 can be located anywhere on or in the electronic device 16, so long as the tag is within the recommended operating range of the manufacturer.
As shown in FIG. 1, located just above each pair of mounts 12 the rack 10 includes reading devices, coils, or readers 22 a-n such as RF transponders, bar code scanners, magnetic pickups, and the like. Preferably, a strip of daisy-chained readers 22 a-n are mounted along a planar face of the rack such as the front, as long as the readers 22 a-n are located proximate the corresponding tags 20 within the operating range of such devices as mentioned above.
Thus, the readers 22 a-n can be mounted in any alternative locations such as to an access door (not shown) of the rack, or to a front portion of a left inside wall 24 of the rack 10, and care is taken to ensure that the tags 20 are each attached at a uniform location on the face of each corresponding electronic device 16 so that each tag 20 aligns with a corresponding reader 22 a-n. Accordingly, the tags 20 and readers 22 a-n are distributed throughout each rack in a one-to-one respective arrangement such that each reader 22 a-n is associated with a respective tag 20. As will be discussed below, this one-to-one tag to reader relationship enables one to determine the presence and location of a tag and its associated electronic device by virtue of knowing the location of the corresponding reader. Moreover, it is contemplated that one or more electronic devices 16 could occupy more than one bay location. For purposes of example only, in one embodiment an electronic device 16 occupies bay locations 14 d-g. In one embodiment, readers 14 d-g are associated with the electronic device 16. In another embodiment, a single reader 14 g(or 14 f, or 14 c, or 14 d) is associated with the electronic device 16 occupying bay locations 14 d-g. Accordingly, it is also contemplated that multiple readers 22 a-n could track the location of a single electronic device that occupies more than one bay location, or that one of the readers 22 a-n could track the location of such a larger electronic device.
The location of each reader is predetermined so that the presence and location of each corresponding tag may be easily identified. Each coil or reader 22 a-n is of the same known size and, therefore, given any coil identity k (from 1 at the top to n at the bottom, down along the Z-axis), one can quickly identify the exact position of any given coil in inches, mm, etc.
Also, the identity and location of each reader 22 a-n may initially be manually associated with its respective bay and rack location and entered into RF system computer memory. For example, reader 22 acan be manually associated with bay 14 a, reader 22 bwith bay 14 b, and so on. Then, to identify the location of any given RF tag 20 (and therefore each associated electronic device 16), the daisy-chained readers 22 a-n are energized sequentially, or in any desired predetermined pattern. Thus, knowing an energized coil number or identity, ergo the bay location and the RF response (if any), the location and presence of electronic devices in a rack can be accurately determined. Thereafter, whenever an electronic device 16 is removed, or moved from one bay or rack location to another, the RF system can track such movement by virtue of the known location of the readers 22 a-n.
One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the readers 22 a-n may be mounted to the rack 10 in any reasonable manner including any of a variety of fastening devices including tie straps, hook and loop material, screws, mounting brackets, and the like (not shown). The readers 22 a-n and tags 20 may be mounted in any corresponding locations, positions, or orientations on the rack to ensure that each tag 20, no matter where located in or on the electronic device 16, aligns with a corresponding reader 22 a-n when a electronic device 16 is docked to the rack 10. Accordingly, the readers 22 a-n may alternatively be mounted to a rear portion of the inside wall 24 of the rack 10, to a door (not shown) of the rack, on the mounts 12, and the like. As shown, the readers 22 a-n are daisy-chained together in series. For example, the output of one reader 22 a-n is connected to an input of another reader 22 a-n via a connector 26. Alternatively, the readers 22 a-n may be connected by a connector, in parallel, such that each reader 22 a-n can be addressed independently, or may be connected in any other reasonable manner. The location of each reader 22 a-n may be designated by its corresponding rack 10 and bay 14.
FIG. 1 further illustrates the readers 22 a-n and the tags 20 according to an RF identification technology embodiment of the present invention. RFID systems are generally known to those of ordinary skill in the art and are readily available from various manufacturers including Texas Instruments of Piano, Tex. and Alien Technologies of Morgan Hill, Calif. Also contemplated within the scope of the present invention are various other systems that use tags and readers to identify objects from a distance by associating the tag with the object, such as bar code systems.
Referring still to FIG. 1, the tags 20 store unique identification codes that identify the electronic devices 16 with which the tags 20 are associated and that can be read by the readers 22 a-n. The tags 20 may store the unique identification codes in addressable memory and may store attributes of the corresponding electronic device 16. Each of the tags 20 includes a transceiver or an antenna 28. When the tags 20 are within the proximate operating range of the readers 22 a-n and when the readers 22 a-n are activated, the antennas 28 (e.g. coils, or the like) receive an interrogating signal from the readers 22 a-n from which the tags convert to operating power. As used herein, the term "proximate" means located within a distance wherein the tags 20 and readers 22 a-n are operable with one another. Typical passive RF systems have a reader to tag operating range of about 18 inches. In practice, this range will vary depending on the output power of the readers, the geometries of the reader and tag coils, the signal frequency, and other operating parameters. In response to receiving the interrogation signal, the tags 20 transmit a reply such as its identification code.
The readers 22 a-n then receive the reply from the tags 20 via antenna 30. In other words, each of the readers 22 a-n interrogates a corresponding one of the tags 20 to receive the identification code therefrom. Upon being energized by the reader 22 a-n, the tag 20 steps through a preprogrammed sequence of events that addresses memory locations therein and that transmits its stored data (e.g. ID code) from the memory locations back to the reader 22an.
According to an embodiment, when the reader 22 a-n receives data, such as the identification codes and attribute information from the electronic devices, back from the tag 20, it decodes that data and transmits the data to a computer or tracking node 32 mounted atop the rack 10.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the tracking node 32 includes a processor 34 and a transceiver 36 for communicating with other tracking nodes (not shown) and a host computer (not shown) elsewhere within the data center. The tracking node 32 further includes volatile and non-volatile memory 38 and 40 respectively. Executable code for controlling activation of the readers 22 a-n may be stored in the non-volatile memory 40. The tracking node 32 includes an interface 42 for communicating with the readers 22 a-n.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the tracking node 32 may be programmed to sequentially activate the readers 22 a-n from top to bottom, vice-versa, or in any desired pattern since the location of each reader is recorded. It is also contemplated that the tracking node 32 could simultaneously activate the readers 22 a-n if desired. The tracking node 32 may query the status of any given bay 14 by activating the readers 22 a-n to detect the presence or absence of tags 20 and their corresponding electronic devices 16. The location of each reader 22 a-n is stored in the memory of the tracking node 32, such as in the non-volatile memory 42 or a separate storage device (not shown). Thus, the node 34 can correlate the predesignated or known location of each reader 22 a-n to a corresponding tag 20 and associated electronic device 16. Accordingly, the tracking node 32 can detect not only the presence of any given electronic device 16 within a bay 14, but can also determine the location of a particular electronic device 16 by its identification code.
FIG. 3 illustrates a method 100 for determining the presence and location of electronic devices within a rack, according to an embodiment of the invention. Steps 310-340 involve the initial setup of electronic devices within racks in a data center. In step 310, the electronic devices are tagged, such as with an RF tag as described above. In step 320, designated locations are provided for receiving each of the electronic devices, such as bays within a server rack as discussed above. In step 330, reading devices such a RF readers are correspondingly placed in locations proximate the designated locations for the electronic devices, such as on an inside wall of a server rack. In step 340, the locations of the reading devices are recorded in computer memory.
Steps 350-370 involve operation of the RF system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step 350, the reading devices are activated by the RF system to interrogate or read the tagged electronic devices. The reading devices may be activated sequentially, such as starting from a home position at the top of the rack and ending at a distal position at a bottom of the rack and vice versa. In step 360, the identification of each present tagged electronic device is collected. The collection of the identification of each present tagged electronic device may also be performed sequentially. In step 370, based on the recording the locations of the reading devices and based on collecting the identification of each present tagged electronic device, the identification of each present tagged electronic device is associated with the location of its corresponding reader and bay so as to determine the presence and location of present electronic devices. The method 300 is an exemplary embodiment, and it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the method is subject to many alternatives, modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
According to the above described embodiments, the present invention is capable of tracking the presence, identity, and/or location of electronic devices within racks in a data center. As described above, each bay of each rack is initially associated with a reader such that the RF system retains the reader location in memory. Electronic devices are installed in the bays of the racks whereupon the readers read the tags associated with such electronic devices and the RF system associates the read tag data with the known reader location to, in turn, provide location information for each tagged electronic device. The RF system continuously or intermittently monitors or activates the readers so that any change in location of an electronic device is automatically tracked. Thus, the present invention eliminates the need for manual tracking or inventory of electronic devices.
While this invention has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. There are changes that may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, COLORADO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PRADHAN, SALIL V.;PATEL, CHANDRAKANT D.;LYON, GEOFF M.;REEL/FRAME:013674/0753;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030304 TO 20030306
|Sep 30, 2003
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY L.P.,TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:014061/0492
Effective date: 20030926
|Mar 28, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 7, 2008
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 28, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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Simple Sewing Projects: 16 Easy Sewing Projects for Beginners
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Enchanting Tulle Skirt
By: Sew Much Ado
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Make a skirt that has elegance and a timeless design with this Enchanting Tulle Skirt. As the title suggests, this skirt's tutorial relies on tulle as the primary material. Apart from tulle, however, you'll also learn how to sew a skirt with a satin lining. The rich fabrics in this project are classic, making this one of those sewing projects that you won't want to miss out on. Wear this to a wedding, a dance or a night out with your sweetheart. It's never been so rewarding to learn to make clothes.
Project Type: Make a Project
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I pinned the thread about Greek mythology several months ago. Instead of pinning everyone of these threads, I'm going to add hyperlinks to those topics and combine them into this thread. Then I'll pin this one thread. At any time, you can find those other threads by referring to the list here. Feel free to add any relevant comments on the other threads and contribute to the discussion.
I'll add to this list when an appropriate thread develops.
Greek Mythology, The Iliad and The Odyssey and the entire show dissected
Question about military terminology
Other threads of interest:
The Cylon Register (spoilers)
Battlestar Galactica wins its first Emmy!
The 2007 official Battlestar Galactica convention
Season 4 news and notes (minor spoilers only)
The Top Ten Reasons to Watch Battlestar Galactica, March 19, 2008
Edited on 03/29/2008 12:57pm
Edited 8 total times.
Edited 8 total times.


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Student: Olivia (17) from Hammonton
Program: Summer Live
Pre-College Courses: Advertising & Marketing Communications
Describe your personal style: Boho chic
Where do you go on your breaks from class? Out to eat.
What is your favorite thing about FIT? The great location.
Who or what inspires you? Models such as Gigi Hadid
What do you want to do after you graduate from college? Find a career in advertising and spend some time in Italy


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Moroccan-spiced tuna
By Merrilees Parker
Cooking timeReady in 10 minutes
Skill levelEasy
ServingsServes 4
Jazz up tuna with Moroccan spices for a super fast meal
Nutrition and extra info
Nutrition info
Nutrition per serving
- kcalories
- 623
- protein
- 54g
- carbs
- 1g
- fat
- 45g
- saturates
- 8g
- fibre
- 0g
- sugar
- 0g
- salt
- 0.29g
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- Put the coriander, garlic, spices and lemon juice into a blender and blitz to a purée. With the motor running, slowly add the olive oil until you get a smooth, thick sauce. Set aside.
- Sit the tuna steaks in a non-metallic dish and cover with two-thirds of the sauce. Cover with cling film, then leave to marinate in the fridge for about 20 mins (or for up to 4hrs).
- Heat a griddle pan or grill. Shake off any excess marinade, season the tuna steaks, then cook for 2-4 mins, depending on thickness for medium rare, turning once (cook 2 mins more for well done). Drizzle over the remaining sauce paste to finish. Try serving with new potatoes; for a Moroccan twist, toss melted butter, harissa spice mix and chopped coriander leaves through the potatoes.
Recipe from Good Food magazine, May 2006
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I had everything out for this and went out at the last minute for the coriander only to realize I had no idea what the translation was in Dutch and couldn't find any with similar looking names, so tried fresh oregano, which I really wasn't sure about. It turned out lovely, with a very fresh taste which I enjoyed even though I don't usually like fish. Will definitely try and find coriander though next time I cook this though.


text: http://askubuntu.com – I'm on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS x64 and today was my first attempt to use Deja Dup for data backup. My choice was based on the fact that Deja Dup is the most acclaimed one among all the backup tools available for Ubuntu. As a test drive, I'm trying to backup approximately 4 GB of files to a local folder instead of Ubuntu One or any other cloud service. And every time I try, soon after Deja Dup is done scanning the folders and proceeds to actual file backup, it runs into the same type of error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/duplicity", line 1411, in <module> with_tempd (HowTos)


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Waste Management Incorporated can be found at 35th St 3150. The following is offered: Garbage Services. The entry is present with us since Sep 7, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 12, 2013. In Tuscaloosa there are 2 other Garbage Services. An overview can be found here.


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Bishops and the Beached Whale: They Wait for Signal from New Pope, but Bishops Need to Let Hierarchical Style Die
Kennedy, Eugene Cullen, National Catholic Reporter
"Edgartown, Mass., Jan. 17--Performing an autopsy is probably never a pleasant chore, but when the subject is a 55-foot whale on a winter beach in a biting northeast wind, it is even less like fun."
--The New York Times, Jan. 18
"If another pope came in, who is more flexible than John Paul II, they would support this right away."
--Cardinal Joseph Bernardin, October 1996, referring to his Common Ground Initiative, which had been criticized by Cardinals Bernard Law and
James Hickey
Pope Benedict XVI's first post-election signals, especially in sacking Fr. Thomas Reese, the Jesuit editor of America magazine, bring a mixture of reassurance and uncertainty to the world's harried bishops. Comfortably huddled for a quarter of a century in the enveloping shadow of John Paul II, they still squint somewhat anxiously into this new dawn. I was sure about what John Paul wanted; does this mean that Benedict expects the same of me? This longing not to be found wanting in the appraising eyes of a new pope intensifies the bishops' chronic uneasiness about how to function in a calling that now provides little of the comfort and even less of the respect that once trimmed their days as neatly as the red piping on their cassocks.
The bishops' worn down and worn-out condition is not, however, a direct effect of their mourning for John Paul II or their worry about pleasing Benedict XVI, although it is related to the programmatic expectations of both. Their anxiety is not, therefore, the fallout from the criticism and calls for resignation and/or indictment that have rained down on them since the clergy sex abuse crisis exploded in 2002. It is not even a reaction to the specter of bankruptcy that has recently appeared in American dioceses.
The stress fractures splintering their accustomed complacency radiate out from their belief that God had given them a clear mission through Pope John Paul II, and may have extended that mission through Benedict XVI. The mission? To maintain the landmark status of hierarchical structure in the age of tear-downs and to make any sacrifice and bear any burden to protect, defend and obey the hierarchical constitution of reality: In short, to breathe life into the beached whale of hierarchy.
Convinced that carrying out papal programs is absolutely the right thing for the church and certainly the right thing for themselves, they can accept each grueling day confidently if, at its end, their fidelity to the task wins them the papal approval that is the sustaining grace in their storm-tossed lives. Implementing the late pope's hierarchical restoration was enormously reassuring to them and now it seems that Benedict, known to dislike "the church from below," may expect them to redouble their struggles. Or will he, despite the authoritarian flex in his dismissal of Reese, remember his championing of collegiality at Vatican II?
Meanwhile the bishops ache from their earnest efforts to refresh and free the whale. The leviathan of hierarchy, however, hears what neither they, Pope John Paul nor perhaps Benedict XVI have heard--a cry from within itself: "Keep your rendezvous with death on this beach and, if prevented here, seek it on another."
The dream/nightmare
"How are you doing?" I recently asked a good-natured, hard-working bishop as he patted his neck with a handkerchief after a long ceremony. "Three years, four months and 15 days," he responded, noting, in the way an old con might, the amount of hard time that would tick off slowly until he could retire. Boston Archbishop Sean O'Malley's recent anguished confession that death would be a blessed deliverance from the nonstop tension of the contemporary shepherd's life reveals how many of these good men long to lay their robes down one last time on the vesting case and walk out of the sacristy for good.
If they do not condemn one of the myriad injustices of the day, they are chided for failing to speak in the public forum and are compared to bishops who remained silent under fascism. …


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I have a jQuery slider (mostly identical to the http://slidesjs.com one). I haven't had luck finding an answer to the question of how to pause the "current" or visible slide's YouTube video when the "next" or "previous" button is pressed while also changing the slide itself. I'm using YouTube's iFrames instead of the old embed code, too.
Is there a way to achieve this function with the iFrames? I know that the Anything Slider ( http://css-tricks.com/anythingslider-jquery-plugin/ ) boasts the ability to stop videos, but I'm not sure how it's achieved.
This sounded like it would work, but I'm not sure how to tie it in with an event to set off the video pause function.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.


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October 4, 2012
Sample: Medication Chart
Use this sample medication chart to keep track of animals' medical conditions and medications.
October 4, 2012
Sample: Animal Intake Record
Need an intake form? Don't reinvent the wheel -- use ours!
September 1, 2012
Medical SOPs: Lifesaving, Step by Step
Getting basic shelter medicine SOPs in writing can help you prevent widespread problems while providing a consistent, transparent standard of care.
August 31, 2012
Maddie's Fund: Using Data to Make Austin a No-Kill City
The City of Austin is saving 91% of their homeless dogs and cats. How are they doing it?
July 1, 2012
Cats are from Mars?
Jackson Galaxy set out to be a musician, but wound up a cat behavior guru and the star of Animal Planet's My Cat From Hell. The patron saint of conflicted cats discusses his career and shares his insights into the workings of the feline mind.
July 1, 2012
Bringing Sexing Back
Here's an overview of the impressive reproductive capacity of guinea pigs and some tips for telling the guinea girls from the guinea boys.
May 8, 2012
American Humane Assocation Operational Guide - Record Keeping
Accurate and efficient record keeping is crucial to all animal shelters. This manual lays the groundwork for successful record keeping and makes it easier to keep accurate and efficient records.
May 8, 2012
HSUS: Finding a Responsible Home for Your Pet
Share our pet rehoming information with owners who want to surrender their pets at your shelter.
May 8, 2012
Sample: HSUS Monthly Animal Data Sheet
Use this simple Excel data matrix to help you track your shelter's animal data on a month-to-month basis.
May 7, 2012
Asilomar Accords
A job worth doing is worth doing together. That's the basic idea of a groundbreaking new document designed to impact communities and animals around the country. The Asilomar Accords symbolizes the end of suspicion and distrust between animal care and control organizations and sets forth a new agenda -- one of collaboration.


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Lakeview Campground--Taylor Lake, CO
... Matt, Morgan, & the Hartleys. Brings back great memories! This is big ATV country and we must have been passed by a million 4-wheelers on that dusty road. Weldon wore a face mask and I rode most of the way with my eyes shut--to save my ...
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... Our neighbor said the low last night was 29°. Eat your heart out you Texans down there in your sauna! By 10:00 it was warm enough for a 30 mile (one way) motorcycle trip across Cottonwood Pass to Buena Vista. Half of the ride was like riding on a rub board the other side was great. Beautiful all the way. We even saw a moose. Having a great ...
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National Geographic Photographers Workshop
The time I had long anticipated had finally come and we packed up, left Cody and headed south for Snowmass, Colorado. At my cousin Charlie Estes' funeral in Washington, DC, in February, his brother, Mike, and wife, Dafri, had invited me to consider coming to Snowmass in July for a photographers' workshop with National Geographic Magazine's number one guy in Italy, Massimo Bassano. It took less than a second for me to ...


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Nov 14, 2012 10:04 AM
Quick! Someone grab the ice scraper! We're frozen to the screen after drooling over these Stella McCartney Glitter-Finished Faux Leather Pumps ($710). We never knew so much beauty and sparkle could be crammed into one exquisite pair of shoes. And we're not even going to... [More]
Nov 13, 2012 10:50 AM
You may have noticed that we're hardly perpetual rays of sunshine around here, but even so, we seem to spend a lot of our time enthusing about one gewgaw or another. Doubtblush exists to make it clear that we do not, in fact, like everything.... [More]
Nov 13, 2012 9:05 AM
You don't need no man nor wedding to wear these ABS by Allen Schwartz Sabrena Pumps ($120). Hell no. Any occasion will do. In fact, you can think of seven occasions which these shoes would be perfect for, all ending in the word "-day".... [More]
Nov 12, 2012 8:25 AM
We're not sure exactly what makes this France Strapped Boot ($188) at all Gallic. Maybe it speaks a Romance language.... [More]
Nov 9, 2012 8:15 AM
Oxfords received a major face-lift this year. And while we are all about pops of neon, we are drooling over the Guatemalan flavor packed into these Osborn Design FW12-25W Oxfords ($165). The contrast between print and brown suede is so enticing and entertaining. The colors... [More]
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Nov 6, 2012 10:40 AM
Who knew the boat shoe gurus at Sperry made boots? Your toesies will stay toasty in the Thinsulate-lined Alpine Waterproof Boots ($170). They're not half-bad to look at, either! Wear them with your sweet new winter coat and a knit hat and you've got yourself... [More]
Nov 5, 2012 9:05 AM
We're hitting the Netflix to research ourselves some slick Fred Astaire dance moves. Why have we suddenly decided to correct our two left feet? It's thanks to these Lasered Aster Loafers ($60). They're so darned glamorous, we have to do something more fabulous in them... [More]
Nov 2, 2012 11:05 AM
The best thing about the Qupid Strip-74 Cuff Round Toe Ankle Booties ($33) is the price tag. For just under a hundred bucks, we can buy three pairs. While the tan and turquoise is our favorite combination, we're pretty sure we have room in our... [More]
Nov 2, 2012 10:40 AM
For whatever reason, legs look shorter, hips look wider, and outfits look more childish when worn with round-toe flats. That's why we think that these Colin Stuart Pointed-Toe Flats ($58-78) are much more flat-ering. Lengthening the leg and bringing the eye all the way down... [More]
Nov 2, 2012 9:20 AM
Sometimes we wish we were plucky lady reporters, hot on the beat of some dastardly deed-doer, armed only with notepads, pens, and feather-accented fedoras. Of course, nobody writes articles with pens anymore, but we can still embrace the look with these Jeffrey Campbell heels($185).... [More]+
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For the days when you feel like wearing shoes, but not really the whole shoe, the Birki's Sailor ($150) option is always a good one. When covered by pants, these appear to be laced felt footwear. But as soon as you sit down at your... [More]
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Murrieta Mattress Store
39761 Avenida Acacias
Murrieta, CA 92563
(951) 973-7242
Store Hours
MON-FRI: 10am–9pm
SAT: 9am–6pm
SUN: 10am–6pm
Murrieta Mattress Store
ADDRESS39761 Avenida Acacias
Murrieta, CA 92563 USA
LOCATION OVERVIEWSit 'n Sleep Murrietta serves the local communities of Temecula, Sun City and Fallbrook. Stop in and browse the area's largest mattress selection at the most affordable prices. At Sit 'n Sleep Murrietta, you'll experience a high level of customer service in a relaxed environment.
Sit 'n Sleep is Southern California's mattress authority. We're proud to serve Los Angeles and surrounding communities, but don't forget about our Inland Empire stores! Murrieta, one of Riverside County's largest cities, has become a popular community away from the hustle and bustle of LA. Still within easy driving distance of Los Angeles and other major SoCal attractions yet preserving its own distinct character, Murrieta is well-known as the safest city in Riverside County.
Did you know it's also the best place to buy a mattress in the area? Our Murrieta location has a complete & comprehensive selection of mattress and sleep aids, each with your ultimate comfort in mind. And with Sit 'n Sleep's exceptional prices, you're always assured the best value around.
Our Sleep Consultants are also well versed in all aspects of the Sit 'n Sleep product line and can show you what differentiates one brand, construction type and size from another. Do you need a soft or a firm mattress? Our Sleep Consultants can fit you with the perfect mattress for your needs.
At our Murrieta showroom we carry over 125 top brand name mattresses, including: Kluft, Tempur-Pedic, Simmons, Sealy, Aireloom and many more. At any of our Sit 'n Sleep locations, you're guaranteed to get a good deal because we will BEAT ANY COMPETITORS' ADVERTISED PRICE OR YOUR MATTRESS IS FREEEEEEEEE.
We have the best prices in town whether you're looking for a child's twin-sized bed, a luxury sleep system for a master bedroom or any mattresses in between. Plus, we provide free local delivery on any product over $400. No other Murrieta, CA mattress store comes close to Sit 'n Sleep. Stop in and experience a superior brand of customer service, value and selection today!


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An oversized item surcharge may apply to some heavy or bulky items due to size, weight or special handling required. This item surcharge is in addition to standard shipping rates and not included in shipping promotions.
Old Guys Rule T-Shirt features a camouflage graphic design on the back that states The Older I Get The Better I Was.
Web Id: P000284657


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Browse All Decks from A - Z
The Tarot Graphica is a black and white major arcana deck in a contemporary graphic style. It's designed to have as few occult references as possible and communicate the psychological aspects of the cards instead.
The Tarot House deck has gentle, uplifting images created by mother and daughter team from England. The deck combines their tarot, art and Reiki backgrounds into a positive tool for healing and self-development. It's a 78 card deck but the minor arcana aren't fully scenic.
The Tarot Illuminati has 78 vivid, digitally illustrated cards. The cards are complex, saturated with colour, and enhanced by the lack of borders. The set also includes a companion book written by the very knowledgable Kim Huggens.
Tarot in de Herstelde Orde is a Dutch Tarot of eighty cards. Two extra cards, Intuition (Juno) and Truth (Jupiter), have been 'restored' to the deck, and some of the major arcana reordered. The imagery is based on that of the Rider-Waite, but has some changes in imagery and has been rendered in a more attractive and vibrant artistic style.
Tarot in the Land of Mystereum
Tarot in the Land of Mystereum is a visionary tarot, created to inspire imagination and establish "harmonious relationships with your ideas and feelings". Previously self-published by Jordan Hoggard as the Mystereum Tarot, this is his expanded deck-and-book set from Schiffer Books.
The Tarot Jacques Vieville is a 17th century Marseilles variation from a Parisian cardmaker around 1650. It differs from the typical Marseilles deck in that Justice, the Chariot, Strength and the Hermit are reordered, the Tower appears as a tree, and the Hanged Man appears upright.
The Tarot Kit for Beginners includes the 78-card Universal Tarot deck, along with a guidebook written by tarot reader Janet Berres, called Your Guide to the Tarot. It's a solid set with which to start your tarot journey.
Maria Shaw's Tarot Kit for Teens is a youth-oriented set designed for teens who want to discover their psychic abilities. The set includes the Universal Tarot deck, and a basic book by Maria Shaw that introduces that cards, how to read them, and various tarot spreads.
Chilean in culture and design, this 22 card art deck was created by artist Tito Calderón. The art of the Tarot Latino (also known as Tarot Bellavista) is brightly coloured and the titles are in Spanish.
The Tarot Learning Cards are a flash card style deck, with graphic design icons on the front, and text information on the back. The back info includes a theme, keywords, and additional associations for both upright and reversed meanings. Designed as a study guide for the beginning reader. Now updated in a second edition.


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POLL: Babylon 5 or Stargate SG-1?
View Single Post
July 13 2013, 09:56 PM
Location: Great Britain
Re: POLL: Babylon 5 or Stargate SG-1?
Religion like many things has a broad spectrum of levels of belief. From those who don't believe to those that have almost blind faith and devotion.
In DSN you could say it's a matter of perspective, the Vorta and the Jem'hadar are bred to believe that the Founders are gods. As for the Bajoran's they gods where just another advanced race. Who may or not be Bajoran.
As for B5 and the Vorolon's. Did't the Vorlon's manipulate the other races via in part Religon so that those races would act more favourably to them. When Kosh left his encounter suit most of the other races percieved him as an Angel(or their version of one)
On the continent of wild endeavour in the mountains of solace and solitude there stood the citadel of the time lords, the oldest and most mighty race in the universe looking down on the galaxies below sworn never to interfere only to watch.
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