text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|27 Dec 2001
|Filing date
|15 Aug 2001
|Priority date
|10 Dec 1998
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Glenn Sasaki
|Original Assignee
|Sasaki Glenn C.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (13), Classifications (23), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/210,260, filed on Dec. 10, 1998, by Sasaki, and entitled "FLUID DISPENSER AND DISPENSING METHODS," the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0002] The invention pertains to the controlled dispensing of small volumes of fluid. The invention has particularly advantageous application to automated and integrated systems and methods for rapidly identifying chemicals with biological activity in liquid samples, particularly automated screening of low volume samples for new medicines, agrochemicals, or cosmetics
[0003] The dispensing of small volumes of fluids is an important aspect of several different technologies, from various printing techniques to chemical screening apparatus for drug discovery. Thus, systems and methods for controllably and accurately dispensing liquid, especially small liquid samples, can benefit a number of different fields. The agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic fields all have applications where large numbers of liquid samples containing chemicals are processed. In some instances, the processing of liquid samples, such as in pharmaceutical arts, which usually demands complicated liquid processing for drug discovery, can obtain throughput rates of approximately 10,000 samples per day or greater.
[0004] A wide variety of designs for dispensers have been utilized. In some applications, a piezoelectric actuator is coupled to a fluid chamber that contains a nozzle for droplet ejection. When the piezoelectric material is actuated, a droplet of fluid is ejected through the nozzle. Such a system is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,877,745 to Hayes, et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0005] This method of droplet ejection includes several complications, however, such as the production of undesired fluid responses to actuation which interfere with efficient droplet ejection. One possible method of damping undesired fluid responses in a piezoelectrically compressed fluid chamber involves placing selected materials inside or around the rearward portion of the fluid chamber that cushion or passively dampen the pressure wave in the chamber. Some of these techniques are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,832,579 to Arndt, 4,233,610 to Fischbeck et al., and 4,528,579 to Brescia. However, these passive systems are relatively expensive to implement, and may need significant alteration depending on the physical properties of the fluid being dispensed.
[0006] Another proposed solution to undesired fluid responses, illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,418,354 to Perduijn (which is hereby incorporated into the present disclosure by reference), involves placing a fluid flow restriction in a portion of the fluid chamber rearward from the nozzle. A dispensing apparatus with a similar functional constriction is commercially available from Packard Instrument Company of Meridan, Conn. as an accessory to the MultiProbe 104. The presence of the restriction, however, produces additional difficulties, such as inhibiting removal of particulate matter that may become inadvertently introduced into the fluid chamber. Once a particle gets inside the fluid chamber, it may become trapped between the small diameter nozzle and small diameter restriction, thereby clogging the device and interfering with the proper operation of the dispenser.
[0007] A need therefore exists for efficient droplet dispensing devices which do not suffer from the above mentioned drawbacks.
[0008] The invention is directed to method and apparatus for fluid dispensing. In one embodiment a fluid dispensing apparatus includes a fluid chamber having an opening for droplet dispensing, a first actuator mechanically coupled to and configured to alter the volume of the fluid chamber, and a second actuator mechanically coupled to and configured to alter the volume the fluid chamber. The apparatus may also include a driver connected to actuate the first and second actuators so as to alter the volume of the fluid chamber, whereby a fluid response produced by the first actuator is damped by the second actuator. The actuators may comprise piezoelectric actuators which are actuated substantially simultaneously or sequentially.
[0009] Methods of droplet dispensing may comprise altering the volume of a fluid chamber with a first actuator and damping a fluid response to the volume alteration with a second actuator. In one specific embodiment, the altering comprises electrically actuating a first piece of piezoelectric material, and wherein the damping comprises electrically actuating a second piece of piezoelectric material.
[0010]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a dispensing device in accordance with the invention.
[0011]FIG. 2 is a cross section of a cylindrical droplet dispensing device in accordance with the invention.
[0012]FIG. 3 is a cross section of a cylindrical drop dispensing device illustrating one embodiment of the electrical connection between piezoelectric actuators and a driver circuit.
[0013]FIG. 4 is a graphical illustration of one embodiment of a voltage waveform suitable for actuating the piezoelectric actuators of FIGS. 2 and 3.
[0014]FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a fluid delivery system into which the dispensers of FIGS. 2 and 3 may be advantageously incorporated.
[0015] Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying Figures, wherein like numerals refer to like elements throughout. The terminology used in the description presented herein is not intended to be interpreted in any limited or restrictive manner, simply because it is being utilized in conjunction with a detailed description of certain specific embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may include several novel features, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes or which is essential to practicing the inventions herein described.
[0016] Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram representation of a droplet dispensing device according to one embodiment of the invention is shown. The device includes a fluid chamber 10. This fluid chamber 10 includes an opening (not shown in FIG. 1) from which fluid is ejected. The fluid chamber will also generally be connected to a large volume source of solvent (not shown in FIG. 1) for replenishing expelled fluid. The dispensing device may eject fluid received form this fluid source. In many other instances, however, the fluid ejected from the nozzle will have previously been aspirated into the chamber 10 through the nozzle rather than received from a large volume source.
[0017] Droplets are dispensed from the fluid chamber by altering the fluid chamber volume with actuators which are mechanically coupled to the fluid chamber. This may be done by compressing the chamber so as to squeeze out a droplet, and then letting the chamber expand to its original volume. This may also be done by first expanding the chamber so as to draw additional fluid from the large volume source, and then letting the chamber contract to its original volume so as to squeeze out a droplet.
[0018] In many prior art designs, when the fluid chamber is compressed by actuation, the fluid will not only be forced in a forward direction toward the nozzle, but will also be forced backward away from the nozzle at the same time. This rearwardly directed fluid response hinders the capacity of the nozzle directed fluid response to overcome fluid surface tension at the nozzle. Droplet ejection can be therefore inefficient and may even be impossible.
[0019] In the embodiment of FIG. 1, however, the fluid chamber 10 is coupled to two actuators, referred to as a dispensing actuator 12, and a damping actuator 16 (as represented schematically by the arrows pointing toward the fluid chamber 10). These two actuators 12, 16 together provide efficient droplet dispensing without the drawbacks associated with prior art dispensing apparati. In some embodiments, the dispensing actuator 12 may be more closely associated with the ejection nozzle of the fluid chamber than the damping actuator 16, and may thus be more directly associated with droplet ejection. In these embodiments, the damping actuator 16 has the principal function of damping a fluid response to actuation of the dispensing actuator 12. The fluid response damped by the damping actuator 16 may advantageously be a response that otherwise reduces the efficiency of droplet ejection. It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, however, that the labels "dispensing" and "damping" for the two actuators are not mutually exclusive. In particular, it will be appreciated that both actuators 12 and 16 are involved in the dispensing function and that each may be considered to perform a damping function with regard to a fluid response produced by the other actuator. One beneficial aspect of the dispensing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, however, is that fluid responses which inhibit droplet ejection are predominantly damped, thereby increasing the efficiency of droplet ejection in an inexpensive manner which avoids problems with prior art apparatus.
[0020] It will be appreciated by those in the art that a wide variety of actuators and methods of coupling actuators to fluid chambers have been devised and are known in the art. In most instances, the actuators used are made of a piezoelectric material which expands, bends, leans, or otherwise deforms in response to an applied voltage. In some cases, the actuators are flexing planar membranes. In others, the actuator undergoes a piston-like motion to eject a droplet. In still other cases, the walls of the fluid chamber are themselves made of a piezoelectric material. It will be appreciated that each individual actuator 12, 16 and its coupling to the fluid chamber 10 may be implemented using any actuation technique which suits the desired dispensing application.
[0021] One specific embodiment of a dispensing apparatus which utilizes the principles discussed with regard to FIG. 1 above is illustrated in cross section in FIG. 2. This embodiment comprises a substantially cylindrical capillary 20 made of any number of suitable materials such as quartz or glass. The capillary 20 has a tapered end 22 which terminates in an opening 24 which forms the nozzle from which droplets of fluid 26 are dispensed.
[0022] Surrounding the capillary 20 are two cylindrical piezoelectric actuators 28, 30. One of these actuators 28 is positioned closer to the opening 24 than the other actuator 30. In operation, the lower actuator 28 may be actuated so as to compress the region of the capillary 20 inside the lower actuator 28. When this occurs, pressure waves force fluid both downward toward the nozzle 24 in the direction of the arrow 32 and upward away from the nozzle 24 and toward the second actuator 30. The upper actuator 30 may also be actuated, producing pressure waves which force fluid downward toward the first actuator 28 in the direction of arrow 36 as well as upward out of the second actuator 30 in the direction of arrow 38.
[0023] The net effect of the actuation of both actuators 28 and 30 is that the fluid response to the first actuator 28 which is directed upward and away from the nozzle is damped by the presence of the downwardly directed fluid response produced by the second actuator 30. This isolates the lower portion of the capillary 20, prevents significant fluid flow away from the nozzle, and allows the lower actuator 28 to efficiently produce a pressure pulse in the region of the nozzle 24 which can overcome the surface tension of the fluid and eject a droplet 26.
[0024] Several advantages to the designs described herein over the prior art are apparent. First, no constriction needs to be present in the capillary 20 in the region upward from the nozzle 24. As described above, a constriction may be designed to function to isolate the lower region of the capillary to enhance the efficiency of droplet ejection, but inhibits the ability to remove trapped particulates from the system. Also, the constriction adds to the cost of manufacturing the capillary. In addition, the "virtual constriction" produced by the second actuator 30 improves dispensing efficiency so that both actuators 28, 30 can be moved farther away from the nozzle 24 and still controllably eject fluid droplets. Moving the actuators farther from the nozzle is advantageous because the capillary 20 may extend further down into sample wells during aspiration and fluid dispensing.
[0025] In one specific embodiment, the capillary 20 comprises a quartz tube having an approximately 1 mm outer diameter and an approximately 0.82 mm inner diameter, tapering down to a nozzle with a diameter of approximately 70 microns. The actuators 28, 30 comprise approximately 12 mm long cylindrical shells of piezoelectric material such as lead-zirconium-titanate (PZT) having an approximately 1.14 mm inner diameter and a 2.13 mm outer diameter. These dimensions may, of course, vary widely depending on the desired drop volumes. The actuators may be mounted on the capillary 20 such that the lowest extent of the lower actuator 28 is more than 10 mm away from the nozzle 24. In some embodiments, the lowest extent of the lower actuator 28 is more than 20 mm away from the nozzle 24, with approximately 16 mm away having been found suitable in one specific embodiment. The actuators 28, 30 may be separated by anywhere from 0 to 10 or more mm. In one embodiment, approximately 3 mm has been found suitable. They may be held in place on the capillary 20 with a small amount of epoxy or other suitable adhesive.
[0026] Turning now to FIGS. 3 and 4, actuation of the piezoelectric actuators 28, 30 will be described. As is well known in the art, cylindrical piezoelectric actuators may be provided with two electrodes, one on the inner surface, and one on the outer surface. The material is polarized radially such that the application of a voltage of the correct polarity produces a radial expansion of the material. This expansion may be used to compress a fluid filled capillary such as is illustrated in FIG. 2. In FIG. 3, another cross section is set forth, again showing the piezoelectric actuators 28, 30 which surround the capillary 20.
[0027] The actuators 28, 30 are each provided with an outer electrode 42, 44 respectively and an inner electrode 46, 48 respectively. The electrodes may advantageously comprise a nickel plating. For convenient access to the inner electrodes 46, 48, it is common to wrap the inner electrode plating around one end of the actuator to provide electrode portions 50, 52 which are on the outer surface of the actuators 28, 30, but which are electrically connected to the inner electrodes 46, 48. It will be appreciated that in FIG. 3, the actuators 28, 30, and the electrodes 42, 44, 46, and 48 are shown much thicker than in reality for clarity of illustration.
[0028] It has been found that simultaneous actuation of both actuators 28, 30 produces the advantageous features of the dual actuator configuration described above. Accordingly, and as illustrated in FIG. 3, the actuators 28, 30 are connected to a driver circuit in parallel. In particular, a first wire 54 is soldered to the outer electrode 42 of the first actuator 28 and the outer electrode 44 of the second actuator 30. In addition, a second wire 56 is soldered to the inner electrode 46 of the first actuator 28 and the inner electrode 48 of the second actuator 30. The solder connections to the inner electrode may advantageously be made to the outer portions 50, 52 of the inner electrodes 46, 48. The wires 54, 56 are connected to a driver circuit which applies a voltage pulse to the electrodes to compress the capillary 20 and eject the droplets as described above in conjunction with FIG. 2.
[0029] One embodiment of a voltage waveform which has been found suitable for use with the dispensing device of FIGS. 2 and 3 is illustrated in FIG. 4. The pulse shown is applied such that the positive electrode is on the inner surface of the actuators 28, 30, and the ground electrode is on the outer surface of the actuators 28, 30. The height 62 of the waveform may be approximately 60 to 150 V with a rise time of about 70 microseconds or less. In general, with a faster rise time, the height 62 of the pulse may be reduced while still producing acceptable droplet formation. The duration 64 of the pulse may be from 20 or 30 microseconds up to one millisecond or more. 500 microseconds has been found suitable in one specific embodiment. The pulse is preferably ramped downward somewhat slowly from its peak value to help eliminate multiple droplet ejection with a single pulse. In one embodiment, the voltage drops approximately exponentially to essentially zero in approximately 1 or more milliseconds, with approximately 2 milliseconds having been found suitable in one embodiment. This decay can also be significantly shorter than 1 millisecond while retaining the desired effect.
[0030] Because material and manufacturing variations will affect droplet size and efficiency of ejection, it can be advantageous to separately calibrate each dispensing device such that a known volume of fluid is dispensed with each pulse for each dispensing device produced. This may be done by measuring drop volume as a function of pulse height 62, and subsequently driving the device during use with a pulse having a height determined to produce the selected drop volume.
[0031] In reagent dispensing environments, for example, it is usually advantageous to dispense less than approximately 2,000 nanoliters of liquid with each pulse. Preferably, nanoliter dispensers as described herein can dispense less than approximately 500 nanoliters, more preferably less than approximately 100 nanoliters, and most preferably less than approximately 25 nanoliters. Preferred, minimal volumes dispensed are 5 nanoliters, 500 picoliters, 100 picoliters, 10 picoliters. It is understood that dispensers capable of dispensing such minimal volumes are also capable of dispensing greater volumes. The volume dispensed with each pulse will be largely dependent on the pulse height, capillary size, and actuator position. Maximum volumes dispensed are about 10.0 microliters, 1.0 microliters, and 200 nanoliters. In the specific 1 mm outer diameter capillary embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, dispensed volume will typically range from approximately 50 to 400 picoliters. Duty cycle may range from 10 pulses per second to 1000 or more pulses per second, depending on the driving pulse width illustrated in FIG. 4. In one specific embodiment, 100 droplet dispenses per second is utilized.
[0032] Alternative actuator driving schemes may also be used in addition to the substantially simultaneous driving described above. For example, it may be desirable to independently drive the piezoelectric actuators 28, 30. They may, for example, be driven sequentially. In these embodiments, the upper actuator 30 may be pulsed slightly ahead of the lower actuator so that the downwardly directed fluid responses add together to enhance the efficiency of droplet formation. This may be especially advantageous when more viscous fluids are being ejected. Different pulse shapes may also be used for the different actuators. Furthermore, configurations having three or more simultaneously or sequentially driven actuators may be utilized.
[0033] As mentioned above, the fluid dispensing apparatus described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 3 finds especially advantageous application to high throughput chemical screening apparatus. An example of such an application is presented in FIG. 5. The dispensing apparatus described above may advantageously be incorporated into a sample distribution module in a chemical screening apparatus that can dispense or aspirate large numbers of solutions, usually small volume solutions. In many instances, the sample distribution module will hold large numbers of different stock solutions of chemicals dissolved in aqueous or non-aqueous solvents (e.g., water or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)) in addressable chemical wells. To facilitate the rapid transfer of these stock solutions, it is desirable for the sample distribution module to aspirate a stock solution from an addressable well and dispense all or a portion of that solution into an addressable sample well or another addressable well. This sequence of events can be progammably controlled to ensure that the stock solution is aspirated from a pre-selected addressable chemical well and is dispensed into a pre-selected addressable sample well. A chemical screening system with these features is described in co-pending and co-owned PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US98/09526, filed May 14, 1998 and entitled "Systems and Methods for Rapidly Identifying Useful Chemicals in Liquid Samples" by Stylli et al. This screening system may advantageously incorporate the droplet dispensing apparatus described herein. The "Systems and Methods for Rapidly Identifying Useful Chemicals in Liquid Samples" patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0034] In one embodiment, the system may comprise a plurality of nanoliter dispensers that can individually dispense a predetermined volume. Typically, dispensers are arranged in two-dimension array to handle plates of different well densities (e.g., 96, 384, 864 and 3,456). In FIG. 5, a 96 dispenser array 70 is illustrated, shown as 8 sets of 12 dispensers, with each set being designated by a letter A through H. The dispensers are coupled to a set of feed lines 71. This coupling may be performed in any number of ways well known or devisable by those of skill in the art. In one embodiment, the portion of the dispenser comprising the actuators and wiring illustrated in FIG. 3 is placed in a hollow plastic casing which contains integral terminals for the wires 54, 56, and an integral stainless steel sleeve which has one end that slides snugly over the end of the capillary 20 opposite the nozzle and has another end that extends out of the plastic casing. The case is filled with epoxy potting and cured to secure solder joints between the wires and the terminals, and to seal the coupling between the quartz capillary and the stainless steel tube. The feed lines 71 may then be secured over the stainless steel tubes to provide a sealed fluid coupling between each dispenser and a source of solvent. Furthermore, the terminals provided with the plastic casing may be connected to a driver circuit provided as part of the screening so as to provide electrical actuation to the piezoelectric elements inside.
[0035] The dispensers receive solvent such as water or DMSO from a vented reservoir 72. The vented reservoir includes a liquid level sensor 74. The height of the solvent in the reservoir 72 is maintained at a level of approximately 12 to 25 mm below the level of the nozzles of the dispensers in the array 70. This maintains a slight negative pressure in the capillary, and results in an advantageous slightly inwardly directed meniscus in the solvent at the nozzle of each dispenser.
[0036] The fluid level in the vented reservoir 72 is maintained by periodic refilling from a large solvent reservoir 76 which is pressurized by, for example, a source of compressed air 78 regulated to 5 psi. If the level sensor 74 senses too low a level of solvent in the vented reservoir 72, a valve 80 will route a portion of the pressurized solvent to the vented reservoir 72.
[0037] Each dispenser in a set of 12 is connected via its associated feed line 71 to a port on a commercially available dispenser valve 82. This valve 82 includes a selected outlet 83 and a common outlet 84. The valve 82 is configured to provide a fluid coupling between the selected outlet 83 and a user selected port, while connecting all other ports to the common outlet 84. In FIG. 5, port 85 is "selected", and the remainder are connected to the "common". The common outlet 84 of the dispenser valve 82 is coupled to the vented solvent reservoir 72 through a second valve 86. In this embodiment, the 96 dispensers in the array 70 are fed from 8 separate 16 port dispenser valves, with each dispenser valve coupled to 12 dispensers. Ports 13-16 of the dispenser valves 82 in this embodiment are plugged off. The common outlet of each of the 8 dispenser valves is coupled to one of the ports of the 10 port second valve 86. The selected outlet of each of the eight dispenser valves is connected to a pressure sensor 87 and to respective negative pressure devices 88. The eight negative pressure devices may advantageously comprise syringe pumps.
[0038] As mentioned above, the apparatus preferably will both aspirate reagent up into the capillaries, and dispense reagent from the capillaries. Aspiration of 96 samples may be performed by first selecting port 1 with each dispenser valve 82. With the dispenser tips placed in the desired sample wells, a volume of fluid is drawn into the eight capillaries connected to a port 1 of each dispenser valve using the eight syringe pumps 88. Each syringe pump 88 outlet is then switched toward a waste container 90, and the solvent taken up into the syringe pumps 88 during aspiration is deposited there.
[0039] Next, port 2 is selected with each dispenser valve 82. With the dispenser tips still in the desired sample wells, a volume of fluid is drawn into the next eight capillaries using the syringe pumps 88, and the solvent taken up by the syringe pumps 88 during aspiration is expelled into a waste container 90. This process is repeated for ports 3-12 of the dispenser valves.
[0040] To dispense the 96 aspirated samples, the dispenser valves 82 are set to select port 13. This connects all 12 ports 1-12 to the vented reservoir 72. With the pressure in the capillaries thus equilibrated to the pressure in the vented reservoir 72, the actuators are pulsed as described above, and 96 volumes of fluid are simultaneously dispensed.
[0041] A forward flush process may be performed by sealing and pressurizing the vented reservoir 72. Pressurization may be performed by venting the solvent container 72 through a valve 92 which is coupled to both the ambient atmosphere and to the 5 psi compressed air source 78. During this forward flush procedure, if the all of the dispenser valves 82 are configured to select port 13, all 96 dispensers will be coupled to the previously vented (but now pressurized) solvent reservoir 72. A reverse flush process may be performed by repeating the aspiration technique described above a desired number of times.
[0042] All publications and patent documents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if they had been individually incorporated by reference.
[0043] The foregoing description details certain embodiments of the invention. It will be appreciated, however, that no matter how detailed the foregoing appears in text, the invention can be practiced in many ways. As is also stated above, it should be noted that the use of particular terminology when describing certain features or aspects of the invention should not be taken to imply that the terminology is being re-defined herein to be restricted to including any specific characteristics of the features or aspects of the invention with which that terminology is associated. The scope of the invention should therefore be construed in accordance with the appended claims and any equivalents thereof.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
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|4 Dec 1978
|22 Apr 1980
|Xerox Corporation
|Coincidence gate ink jet with increased operating pressure window
|18 Dec 1978
|14 Oct 1980
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Ink jet printing apparatus
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|Ricoh Co., Ltd.
|Ink-jet printing method and device therefor
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|26 Jul 1983
|Exxon Research And Engineering Co.
|Ink jet apparatus with a flexible piezoelectric member and method of operating same
|30 Aug 1982
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|International Business Machines Corporation
|Gray scale printing with ink jet drop-on demand printing head
|25 May 1988
|18 Apr 1989
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Apparatus for transferring small amount of fluid
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|2 Jun 2000
|29 Jul 2003
|Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V.
|Device and procedure for the electrically triggered microdrop release with a dispensing head
|27 Jan 2003
|10 Jan 2006
|Innovadyne Technologies, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for assessing the liquid flow performances through a small dispensing orifice
|6 Sep 2002
|14 Nov 2006
|Innovadyne Technologies, Inc.
|Universal non-contact dispense peripheral apparatus and method for a primary liquid handling device
|23 Oct 2001
|19 Aug 2008
|Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur F�rderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
|Pipette system and pipette array
|20 Mar 2000
|23 Sep 2008
|Biotage Ab
|Liquid dispensing apparatus
|11 Jan 2005
|3 Mar 2009
|Innovadyne Technologies, Inc.
|Hybrid valve apparatus and method for fluid handling
|18 Aug 2010
|9 Dec 2014
|Applied Biosystems, Llc
|Vacuum assist for a microplate
|20 Jan 2012
|30 Jun 2015
|Biodot, Inc.
|Piezoelectric dispenser with a longitudinal transducer and replaceable capillary tube
|22 Mar 2005
|13 Oct 2005
|Oldham Mark F
|Vacuum assist for a microplate
|1 Dec 2003
|16 Mar 2006
|Method for manufacturing tool for analysis
|21 Mar 2006
|18 Jan 2007
|Kao H P
|Dispenser array spotting
|20 Jan 2012
|6 Dec 2012
|Biodot, Inc.
|Piezoelectric dispenser with a longitudinal transducer and replaceable capillary tube
|1 Mar 2002
|12 Sep 2002
|Peter Wiktor
|Piezoelectric pipetting device housing and methods for making and using the same
|U.S. Classification
|436/180, 347/68, 73/863.32, 347/71, 73/864.02, 422/400
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|15 Aug 2001
Owner name: AURORA BIOSCIENCES CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SASAKI, GLENN C.;REEL/FRAME:012105/0347
Effective date: 19990128
|11 Jul 2002
Owner name: VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS (SAN DIEGO) LLC, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AURORA BIOSCIENCES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:013056/0630
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|16 Dec 2003
Owner name: AURORA DISCOVERY, INC., CALIFORNIA
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|31 Aug 2004
Owner name: OXFORD FINANCE CORPORATION, VIRGINIA
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|23 May 2008
Owner name: AURORA DISCOVERY, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS (SAN DIEGO) LLC;REEL/FRAME:020995/0110
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If I'm not mistaken, people can ban the Confederate flag in public places, but they won't ban the rainbow flag.
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Texas Baptists are a people of The Book. If you hold to a doctrine of biblical authority and believe the Holy Spirit inspired the Bible's authorship, you simply can't condone the act of homosexual sex.

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As TV viewers find ever more ways to consume information, CNN has discovered it's tough for a cable news network to survive on news alone. So in 2012 CNN President Jeff Zucker enlisted Amy Entelis, a news executive who developed some of the top talent...
Celebrity News
Netflix, Disney, Marvel to bring superheroes series to New York
Meredith Blake
In a huge coup for the New York-based production community, on Wednesday Gov. Andrew Cuomo, Disney, Marvel and Netflix announced that the upcoming "Flawed Heroes of Hell's Kitchen" series for Netflix will be filmed principally in New...
Celebrity News
'American Idol' voting transformed via Google and Facebook
Scott Collins
Voting on "American Idol" is about to get a major update - thanks to Google and Facebook. Viewers using Google Search and Facebook will be able to vote during the show rather than waiting for the end, starting with this week's shows. And voters...
Celebrity News
James Carville joins Fox News as contributor
Meredith Blake
The ragin' Cajun is back. A year after his abrupt departure from CNN, Democratic strategist and cable-news fixture James Carville has landed a new gig as a contributor at Fox News, the network announed Thursday. "James' successful and storied...
Celebrity News
Jay Leno: As 'Tonight Show' run ends, should CNN hire him?
Scott Collins
Jay Leno, CNN might want to stick a press card in your hat. With his gig on NBC's "Tonight Show" wrapping up early next year, the 63-year-old comic is thinking about his next move. And published reports say that CNN boss Jeff Zucker has...
Celebrity News
Brian Stelter leaving Times to be CNN media correspondent
David Zurawik
Towson University alum Brian Stelter is leaving his job as media reporter at the New York Times to be senior media correspondent and host of "Reliable Sources" at CNN. "I'll be reporting every day for CNN, CNNI, CNN.com, and I'll flow it...
Celebrity News
CNN wooing New York Times media reporter Brian Stelter
Joe Flint
CNN is in advanced negotiations with New York Times media reporter Brian Stelter, people close to the situation said. Stelter, who has covered the television news and entertainment industry for the New York Times since 2007, would do the same for the...
Celebrity News
CNN slides to worst ratings since Jeff Zucker took over
Scott Collins
When he was tapped to run CNN a year ago, Jeff Zucker was supposed to help lift ratings at the 24-hour cable news network. Whoops. CNN last week plunged to its worst numbers since August 2012, months before Zucker, a former NBC boss, was brought...
Celebrity News
Miley Cyrus cleans up for an a capella viral video on 'Fallon'
Patrick Kevin Day
Miley Cyrus finally put out some material suitable for a family audience on Tuesday with this a capella rendition of her single, "We Can't Stop" along with the Roots and Jimmy Fallon. Absent twerking, nudity or anything that could possibly...
Celebrity News
Miley Cyrus cleans up for an a capella viral video on 'Fallon'
Patrick Kevin Day
Miley Cyrus finally put out some material suitable for a family audience on Tuesday with this a capella rendition of her single, "We Can't Stop" along with the Roots and Jimmy Fallon. Absent twerking, nudity or anything that could possibly...
Celebrity News
Farewell party at 'The Office' after 9 years
Yvonne Villarreal, Los Angeles Times
An old index card reads: Original. Real. Poignant. Those were the first words Greg Daniels jotted down a decade ago as his guide in adapting the daft British TV series "The Office" for an American audience. The ideas on the flimsy card stock...
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Chris Cuomo hired by CNN amid major shakeup at the network
Meredith Blake
Jeff Zucker has officially been on the job at CNN for all of 8 days, but sweeping changes are already underway at the ratings-challenged cable news network. First up: The network announced on Tuesday the hiring of "20-20" anchor Chris Cuomo, who...
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Chicago, ILUSA
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South Africa, Japan or maybe New Zealand. I'd want to get as far away as possible as I've already spent a lot of time in Europe.
Kayaking island to island in Greece was pretty amazing. Kayaking the Sicilian coast was also pretty awesome. Living in Venice. Mmm, hard to choose just one.
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FMJ for Self Defense?
Discussion in 'Caliber Corner' started by Glock19Fan, Aug 6, 2012.
Page 6 of 10
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Functional interaction between α2-adrenoceptors, μ- and κ-opioid receptors in the guinea pig myenteric plexus: Effect of chronic desipramine treatment
ABSTRACT The existence of a functional interplay between alpha(2)-adrenoceptor and opioid receptor inhibitory pathways modulating neurotransmitter release has been demonstrated in the enteric nervous system by development of sensitivity changes to alpha(2)-adrenoceptor, mu- and kappa-opioid receptor agents on enteric cholinergic neurons after chronic sympathetic denervation. In the present study, to further examine this hypothesis we evaluated whether manipulation of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor pathways by chronic treatment with the antidepressant drug, desipramine (10 mg/kg i.p. daily, for 21 days), could entail changes in enteric mu- and kappa-opioid receptor pathways in the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig distal colon. In this region, subsensitivity to the inhibitory effect of both UK14,304 and U69,593, respectively alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor and kappa-opioid receptor agonist, on the peristaltic reflex developed after chronic desipramine treatment. On opposite, in these experimental conditions, supersensitivity developed to the inhibitory effect of [D-Ala, N-Me-Phe4-Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), mu-opioid receptor agonist, on propulsion velocity. Immunoreactive expression levels of alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors, mu- and kappa-opioid receptors significantly decreased in the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig colon after chronic desipramine treatment. In these experimental conditions, mRNA levels of alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors, mu- and kappa-opioid receptors significantly increased, excluding a direct involvement of transcription mechanisms in the regulation of receptor expression. Levels of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2/3 and of inhibitory G(i/o) proteins were significantly reduced in the myenteric plexus after chronic treatment with desipramine. Such changes might represent possible molecular mechanisms involved in the development of subsensitivity to UK14,304 and U69,593 on the efficiency of peristalsis. Alternative molecular mechanisms, including a higher efficiency in the coupling between receptor activation and downstream intracellular effector systems, possibly independent from inhibitory G(i/o) proteins, may be accounted for the development of supersensitivity to DAMGO. Increased sensitivity to the mu-opioid agonist might compensate for the development of alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor and kappa-opioid receptor subsensitivity. On the whole, the present data further strengthen the concept that, manipulation of alpha(2)-adrenergic inhibitory receptor pathways in the enteric nervous system entails changes in opioid inhibitory receptor pathways, which might be involved in maintaining homeostasis as suggested for mu-opioid, but not for kappa-opioid receptors.
- SourceAvailable from: Chuanhui Dong
- "Desipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, is also used to treat cocaine and alcohol dependence, neuropathic pain, and attention deficit disorder (Gawin et al., 1989). Desipramine was shown to mediate analgesia by blocking norepinephrine reuptake in diabetic neuropathy (Canciani et al., 2006). There was no association with remission with fluoxetine treatment, or with treatment response for the combined sample of patients treated with fluoxetine and desipramine. "
Article: Sequence polymorphisms of MC1R gene and their association with depression and antidepressant response[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is involved in various functions, such as pigmentation, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions, development of melanoma, susceptibility to ultraviolet-induced sun damage, modification of oculocutaneous albinism, development of freckles, and mediation of female-specific mechanisms of analgesia. MC1R's natural agonists include α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and corticotrophin (ACTH1-39), which are important components of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and increase in response to stress. Given the multiple relevant roles of MC1R, we studied whether the MC1R gene would be associated with susceptibility to major depressive disorder or with response to antidepressant treatment. The human MC1R gene is highly polymorphic; therefore, we sequenced the entire MC1R coding region of 1122 bp in 181 depressed Mexican-American patients and 185 Mexican-American controls. A total of 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, 15 known and eight new) were found within the sequenced region. Among the common SNPs, the nonsynonymous SNP, rs885479 (R163Q) was associated with the diagnosis of depression (P=0.04). The nonsynonymous SNP, rs2228479 (V92M) and the synonymous SNP, rs2228478 were found to be associated with the remission with desipramine treatment. No associations were found for remission with fluoxetine treatment or for the combined sample treated with fluoxetine or desipramine. The frequency of one (H2) of the five haplotypes identified was higher in depressed patients when compared with controls (P=0.05). In-silico functional analysis indicates that SNPs rs885479 and rs2228479 have significant impact on the protein function. The MC1R gene might be associated with major depressive disorder and with treatment response to desipramine.Psychiatric genetics 11/2010; 21(1):14-8. DOI:10.1097/YPG.0b013e32834133d2 · 1.94 Impact Factor
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper is the 29th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning 30 years of research. It summarizes papers published during 2006 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurological disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).Peptides 01/2008; 28(12):2435-513. DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.09.002 · 2.62 Impact Factor
Article: Effects of chronic desipramine treatment on α2-adrenoceptors and μ-opioid receptors in the guinea pig cortex and hippocampus[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The existence of a close relation between presynaptic inhibitory alpha(2)-adrenoceptor and mu-opioid receptor pathways is well established. Such interplay may occur during chronic conditions that give rise to neuroadaptive changes involving both receptor systems. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of chronic treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant drug, desipramine, on alpha(2)-adrenoceptors and mu-opioid receptors in the guinea pig brain. Guinea pigs were treated with 10 mg/kg desipramine, injected i.p. for 21 days, every 24 h. The levels of expression of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors and mu-opioid receptors, the G protein receptor regulatory kinase, GRK2/3 and signal transduction inhibitory G proteins in synaptosomes of the guinea pig hippocampus and cortex were evaluated by immunoblotting. Quantitative analysis of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor and mu-opioid receptor mRNA levels has been carried out by competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors and mu-opioid receptors and the respective mRNAs were found unchanged in the cortex, after chronic desipramine treatment. In these experimental conditions alpha(2)-adrenoceptor and mu-opioid receptor levels decreased, while the relevant transcripts increased, in the hippocampus. GRK2/3 levels remained unchanged and increased, respectively, in the cortex and the hippocampus, after chronic exposure to desipramine. In the same experimental conditions, Galpha(i1), Galpha(i2), Galpha(o) and Galpha(z) levels remained unchanged, while Galpha(i3) levels decreased, in the cortex; whereas, Galpha(i1), Galpha(i2) and Galpha(i3) levels significantly increased, and Galpha(o) and Galpha(z) levels remained unchanged, in the hippocampus. On the whole, the present data suggest that alpha(2)-adrenoceptor and mu-opioid receptor expression and transcription are similarly influenced by chronic treatment with desipramine, in the guinea pig cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, alterations in the levels of regulatory GRK2/3 and of inhibitory signal transduction G proteins, relevant to activation of both receptor pathways, have been documented. The distinct pattern of adaptations of the different protein studied in response to chronic desipramine treatment in both regions is discussed.European Journal of Pharmacology 02/2008; 579(1-3):116-25. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.10.007 · 2.53 Impact Factor


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|Deng with no regard for Luol's life. (Getty Images)
Luol Deng may be a little insane. We may need to check to see if Tom Thibodeau has done something bad to his wiring during practice. Because what Deng's talking about is just beyond crazy.
Deng's torn ligament in his left wrist is in all likelihood different and more severe than the one Kobe Bryant suffered and is playing through. It's a testament to Bryant's intensity that he's gunning his way through it. And Deng wants to join him on the floor, despite doctor's orders. Form the Chicago Tribune:
Hardened by past questions about his toughness and buoyed by the Bulls' championship potential, an upbeat Luol Deng will try to play through a torn ligament in his left wrist that sources say doctors suggested he have surgery to repair.via Chicago Bulls: Luol Deng determined to play - Chicago Tribune.
"I know it sounds terrible, but I really think I'll be fine," Deng said.
Deng even is telling teammates he hasn't ruled out playing in Sunday's game against the Heat, though that seems unlikely after coach Tom Thibodeau conceded Deng is "going to be out awhile."
So the doctors say you really need to get surgery, and you say you'll play Sunday. We may need to stage an intervention for Lue.
The biggest differential is that Deng still has several years left on his career arc. The Lakers' window is closing, and Bryant is desperate to obtain that sixth ring. Deng is searching for his first, but the Bulls' window is propped open for the foreseeable future with Derrick Rose, Taj Gibson, Joakim Noah, and even a few more years of Carlos Boozer. Deng risking permanent damage to his wrist, kind of an important joint, is admirable but also exceptionally risky. If nothing else, the Bulls medical staff should make sure they keep him out as long as will at least get the wrist stabilized a bit more.
Deng is gritty, tough, relentless, an All-Star caliber player. But the Bulls' need for Deng go far beyond the next four months.


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Submission Sage pulls ahead in maths benchmarks->
schilly writes: Sage, the open-source mathematics software that aims to replace all other commercial maths systems, has compiled a list of benchmarks showing that it even excels in basic tasks like multiplying integers. Here are a couple more.
Link to Original Source
Link to Original Source


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VIDEO: Promo - GLEE's 'Sadie Hawkins'
Check out the promo for the upcoming episode of GLEE titled "Sadie Hawkins", airing on FOX Jan. 24. The episode will feature McKinley's Sadie Hawkins dance, when the girls ask out the boys. Click below!
GLEE is a musical comedy about a group of eager and ambitious students who strive to outshine their singing competition to win Nationals while navigating the cruel halls of McKinley High. Since its debut, GLEE has become a bona fide cultural phenomenon, received prestigious honors including the Golden Globe and Peabody Award and singlehandedly made glee clubs cool again.
In addition to the regular cast, GLEE has featured guest appearances by a wide range of talented performers, including Kate Hudson, Sarah Jessica Parker, Gwyneth Paltrow (who won the 2011 Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series), Carol Burnett, Kathy Griffin, Cheyenne Jackson, John Stamos, Britney Spears, Kristin Chenoweth, Idina Menzel, Jonathan Groff, Molly Shannon, Olivia Newton-John and Neil Patrick Harris, who won a 2010 Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his work on the show.
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- VIDEO: Miley Cyrus Sings Sinatra, GREASE Parody, Plus Appearance by Hillary Clinton, and More on SNL Premiere
- VIDEO: Tony Award-Winner Viola Davis Talks Crossing Lines and Redefining Beauty in Emmy Acceptance Speech
- STAGE TUBE: Shanice Williams Chats 'Her First Job' Starring in NBC's THE WIZ LIVE!
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- VIDEO: Watch Season 2 Trailer for HOW TO GET AWAY WITH MURDER
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Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc. Stock Quote & Summary Data
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Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc. was formed as a Maryland corporation on September 18, 2009 and has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, effective with its tax year ended December 31, 2011. The Company was formed primarily to acquire and operate multifamily properties in select targeted markets throughout the United States. As part of our business strategy, we may enter into forward purchase contracts or purchase options for to-be-built multifamily communities, and we may make mezzanine loans, provide deposit arrangements or provide performance assurances, as may be necessary or appropriate, in connection with the construction of multifamily communities and other properties. ... More ...
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NFC4LIFE Sim League looking for 5 Active Owners
NFC4LIFE is a PS3 Sim League that has been going strong since M12 dropped last year. We're currently looking for 5 active owners. League advances every 3 days w/ the exception of major holidays. Rules are enforced and fair play is a must. SB winners receive a trophy with there name, ps3 tag and season embossed on the trophy. No cash required to join league trophy is courtesy of league commissioners.
League communicates/ schedules games via text and FB so FB page is required.
Open Teams:
Dolphins, Chargers, Jets, Texans, Vikings
Re: NFC4LIFE Sim League looking for 5 Active Owners
I don't have Madden 13 anymore because its broken and I know its early but if you guys plan on keeping it up for 25 on the ps4 you could add me or something I'd love to have a place ready for the new gen (any team)


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My visit was horrible and this was not the first nothing to eat the food look dry as rocks like u would chip a tooth eating it and dirty I have to clean the table myself it was that badddd. I only went cause my husband wanted to go but I knew it was going to be a disaster... Anyway it was so bad I did a cooperate complain why did I even bother?!? The store manager call... view more
Golden Corral Restaurants
Today:7:30 am - 10:00 pm
Tomorrow:7:30 am - 10:00 pm
9045 Pines Blvd,
Pembroke Pines, FL 33024
(954) 447-1877
Business Details
- Hours:
Regular Hours
- General Info:
- Golden Corral, founded in 1973, is a family-style restaurant that offers a variety of dining options. Its menu includes hot carved meat, pasta, pizzas and vegetables, as well as a salad bar. The restaurant also features macaroni, mashed potatoes, breaded shrimp, steak burgers, buttered noodles and barbecue pork. Golden Corral s Brass Bell Bakery and Dessert Caf serves fresh-baked goods and desserts, such as yeast rolls, cookies and fudge brownies. Its locations also offer private meeting rooms for customers. Golden Corral owns and operates more than 480 company-owned and franchised restaurants in over 35 U.S. states. The restaurant has locations in various cities, including Pembroke Pines, Fla.
- Payment method:
- amex, discover, master card, visa, all major credit cards
Golden Corral Buffet & Grill
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- Categories:
- Restaurants, American Restaurants, Buffet Restaurants, Family Style Restaurants
I still inside the buffet , I can not find a good food to eat, what they have is very disgusting, look like the rest of yesterday, no thing fresh, dirty place, different signs for the food, it s very bad place to eat, I'm so frustrated I feel to trough out. As an advice look for another place.
I love golden corral ever since I was a kid I was infactuated every time my parents took us to Disney we would make a stop at this wonderful food heaven. So it's sad to say that this location is just disgusting it feels like your an inmate the cooks serve the food like they where serving cattle there's lines there's limits food is horrible is just a total nightmare fron now on I'll stay with does exciting memories o... view moreLike this review?Yes|Flag Abuse
Most disgusting, dirty and desorganized restaurant we have ever been. Long lines, dirty tables, wet dishes. To take a small pice of meat or shrimps we have to wait more than 15 minutes... Hello we were paying, we lost our time placing a complain to the manager. Just don't go, don't throw your money, they are not giving you a favor, it is not a shelter its supposed to be a restaurant - buffet means you have variety of... view moreLike this review?Yes|Flag Abuse
Great food for the price and the selection is awesome. The staff is friendly, competent and efficient.My wife and myself agree that the Golden Corral is at the top of our list for many more revisits.Like this review?Yes|Flag Abuse
As stated above, owner of golden corral has a hatred for American white people , i will never eat there again ,he also has stated that he hated all American Veterans by saying the steal from other countries, this is the god,s honest truth because i was one of the employees of golden corral back in 2009 where he fired all of 7 white employees, he also stated white people stab him in the back ,,then why is he here in A... view moreLike this review?Yes|Flag AbuseProvided by Citysearch
I went to eat there last night, and this place is terrible!!!!!!!! i won't even go if someone pays me or i get a gift card from there.\r
Food is disgusting, place is messy. it smells really bad, musty. i felt like i was in a homeless shelter. too packed.\r
too much money for dinner for bad quality food......
Have enjoyed Golden Corral Restaurants when I or we travel. This being a neighborhood one we used to frequent until about 7-8 months ago. It seemed down hill. Patrons were abusing the food piling in on, spilling it on the floor and just plain not being as people should be in a public place. The employees appeared to be unable to keep up with it and losing the desire to maintain a quality environment. I think it's a s... view moreLike this review?Yes|Flag Abuse
We went on a Thursday night last night, The food was cold, The baked Potatoes and Sweet potatoes were BURNED BLACK.They were out of alot of food at 8PM which is very rare. I guess I will try to find another locationLike this review?Yes  (1)|Flag Abuse
Good place, Good food, Good Value, Great restaurant to take a hungry family to, just a littlte bit packed on the weekendsLike this review?Yes|Flag AbuseProvided by Citysearch


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Dresden Frauenkirche
The signature landmark of Dresden is the Frauenkirche, the Church of Our Lady. It is one of the most talked about German buildings in the recent past.
In World War II, air-raids wiped out Dresden, destroying many historic buildings and churches. Among them was the Frauenkirche, which collapsed into a 42 feet high pile of rubble; the ruins were left untouched for 40 years, a reminder of the destructive powers of war.
I'm nobody
Dresden was on our way to Prague so we thought we would look at the old city, and the church they had to rebuild after the serious bombing during the war. We had a walk around, saw some great historic buildings and had a beer. It was a lovely city but me and Roy were both hot now, so we pushed on to Prague to find a hotel.
We thought about camping but wanted easy down time.
Moved south from Berlin to Dresden. Not so far; about 2.5 hours on a bus.
The city is split into two by the river Elbe and conveniently called the "old town" and the "new town". Except, in this case the old town is new, and the new town is old. Confused? Well the "old town" was severely damaged by fire bombs on 13/14 February 1945 and was rebuild after WWII whereas the "new town" escaped the worst ...
Stage 4: Dresden & Sunshine
... but really how hard can it be.... Turns out not to bad - so long as you put the tablet in the draw and not in the drum - so about half way through we had to reset the whole thing - dig the tablet out from its wedged position in the side of the door and start again (with tablet in draw) After lunch we headed into town for a look around and to grab something to cook for dinner. Arriving at the bus stop and finding it only comes every half hour on a Sunday we decided to walk ...
World Cup Fever
... curry-spiced sausages) with awesome sauces, and obligatory side of fritz! I still say their logo is a bit wrong though! The Neustadt really is where all the life and people are at! Walking along the main street Louisenstrasse, reminded us a lot like King Street in Newtown. Bar after caf� after nightclub after restaurant, and people everywhere. Like much of the rest of Europe, drinking is allowed anywhere and everywhere. Everybody buys cheap beer from the night shops, and ...


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post #7591 of 7595 Old 09-26-2015, 01:24 PM
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Oh, the "meh" i was referring to was strictly Atmos related as the system absolutely overwhelms the room with output and quality dynamics I have never heard in the room with other brands (Paradigm, Def Tech).
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Excellent point! That makes a lot of sense and think it explains it. Short of specific measurements for speakers that tell us that for sure, I suppose the only other approach is a catch-all "use 1.5 - 2x recommended max watts" so there is the headroom for places where it may dip to 2 ohms etc. You mentioned "old test data" - how does one go about measuring what impedance dips there are at certain frequencies? I would be up for trying that.
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Just thought I'd update after receiver my Marantz SR-6010. Initial listening prior to Audyssey was "meh" as I only have a 5.1.2 setup with the LR-H in room. However, after running Audyssey it got a bit better as the soundstage got...taller. Not sure if it's in the same category at overheard but it will have to do. I have 9 ft ceilings, drywall. I would love if they could make an on wall surround with integrated atmos module.
BTW I'm going to visit Triad this Wednesday, so we'll see if they want to share anything then.
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Triad showed both OnWall and an InWall Surround speaker prototypes with built-in Atmos modules at last year's CEDIA show. CEDIA 2015 is just a couple of weeks away, so we'll soon know if these products are closer to production. Would be really cool!
BTW I'm going to visit Triad this Wednesday, so we'll see if they want to share anything then.
BTW I'm going to visit Triad this Wednesday, so we'll see if they want to share anything then.
At least Oregon is receiving some rain....................been a dry year and not used to everything being brown!
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post #7595 of 7595 Old Today, 07:51 AM
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Thanks Dawn, I'll be there as well, hoping to see some stuff.
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Boldin out, Hester In
Bears list inactives for Sunday's matchup
Updated: November 8, 2009, 11:57 AM ETBy Jeff Dickerson
CHICAGO -- Despite going through pregame warm-ups, Arizona wide receiver Anquan Boldin is inactive for Sunday's game versus the Bears. Bolin, who is suffering from a badly sprained ankle, will be replaced in the Cardinals' starting line-up by Steve Breaston.
The following players are inactive for the Bears:
Juaquin Iglesias, Devin Aromashodu, D.J. Moore, Josh Bullocks, Pisa Tinoisamoa, Lance Louis, Matt Toeaina and Jarron Gilbert.
It's official: Devin Hester will start ...
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lily11 voted on Sleep Deprived - ➳Chapter XVI
What/Things I Like:
Being A Smart Ass
Cutting Spanish Class (I Don't Condone Cutting Your Classes)
Being A Hipster....Or Trying To...
Listening To All Types Of Music
Composing Music
Debating (I'm Always Right Of Course)
Being A Badass
My Combat Boots That Miraculously Disappeared When I Moved -___-
Watching ABDC
The Hunger Games
Anything That's Free....Except For ,You Know, STD's And Other Diseases
My DVR
Being On My Laptop 24/7
Having Those Deep & Meaningful Conversations
Playing With The New Kitten I Rescued
Getting My hair Done (What Girl Doesn't?)
Hangin Out With The Crew (HAHA Who Says That Anymore? ^^)
Bein In Manhattan
Goin Out With People who ACTUALLY Have THEIR OWN Money -___-
I'm Not A Person To Judge Because I've been Judged All My Life. And Talked About And If There's One Thing That I've Learned From That Is That, The Least Person You Expect To Have Their Own Little Problems, Have The Hugest Ones. So I Don't Start No Shit With People, And If I Can Avoid A Confrontation, I Do. Because Life Is Too Damn Short, And Peoples Is Too Damn Crazy These Days....And Because I Have A Fuckin Life And Fightin You Just Don't Fit Into My Equation. Thanx XD
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That Look In His Eye
Nothing Like The Brochure
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Life Is A Work Of Art
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New Beginnings
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