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Smartphone application development.
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Published August 21, 2014
The WHO estimates that 350 million people around the world suffer from depression. That's about four percent of the population, making depression the second-leading cause of disability. What are the causes of depression, why is it on the increase, and what can be done? "Talking About Depression" this week "On The Line."
Everybody's talking on HashtagVOA.
From hard issues to hot topics, HashtagVOA explores what people are talking about on social media. And it's a program in which you, the viewer, can join the worldwide conversation through Facebook and Twitter. Host Cal Perry engages top experts to provide answers to your questions. The program airs each Tuesday at 1730 UTC on www.voanews.com and continues daily @HashtagVOA on Twitter and www.facebook.com/hashtagvoa.
This Week's Program:
#Guncontrol #Gunviolence
The United States has the highest gun ownership rate in the world, and thousands of Americans are killed by firearms every year. On this week's HashtagVOA, we take a closer look at what drives Americans to violence of this magnitude, the psychology of mass murder, and the role of the media in their coverage of such shootings. How much information should be shared? The problem is huge, and the answers are not clear.
Dave Cullen: Author, "Columbine", New York
Max Abrahms: Professor, NorthEastern University, Boston

subset: commoncrawl


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|Pull request review process published 4 days ago
|by Tom Jenkinson
|Get involved with Narayana! 4 days ago
|by Tom Jenkinson
|Pull request review process 4 days ago
|by Tom Jenkinson
|Narayana Release Process 5 days ago
|by Gytis Trikleris
|Narayana Projects 4 weeks ago
|by Tom Jenkinson
|Performance Gates for accepting performance fixes in Narayana 3 months ago
|by Michael Musgrove
|Refactoring TXFramework (AKA Compensations API) Proposal 4 months ago
|by Paul Robinson
|REST-AT and Container-Managed Transactions 5 months ago
|by Juan Velez
|Distributing Narayana JTS via Docker 5 months ago
|by Gytis Trikleris
|Possible improvements to Compensations API 6 months ago
|by Gytis Trikleris
|Testing for performance optimisations and regressions during pull requests 7 months ago
|by Michael Musgrove
|Issues with calling suspend to disassociate a completed transaction from the thread 8 months ago
|by Tom Jenkinson
|How to use Narayana JTA 5.0.3.Final to provide support for XA transactions to web applications running inside Tomcat? 9 months ago
|by Muhammad Dawud
|Call stacks of begin, enlistResource and commit 1 year ago
|by Jesper Pedersen
|NTA Contribution - A REST API to query NTA data 1 year ago
|by Amila Palahepitiya Gamage
|Implementing 1PC in WS-AT (WS-Atomic Transaction) - Master Degree Thesis 2 years ago
|by Chirag Rana
|NTA Release Process 2 years ago
|by Paul Robinson
|Can these log lines be removed? 2 years ago
|by Paul Robinson
|Suggestions for "Transaction Profiler" rename 2 years ago
|by Paul Robinson
|Transactional MSC 2 years ago
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|Transaction Profiler: short-term plan 2 years ago
|by Paul Robinson
|@javax.transaction.Transactional doesn't work 2 years ago
|by Juergen Zimmermann
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|by Tom Jenkinson
|JTA 1.2 Implementation Work 2 years ago
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We came to this hotel after a bad experience at another hotel in Manali. To start off the best part about this hotel is its location. It is situated right next to the river which makes for an awesome setting. The sound of the rushing white waters of the river provides a soothing experience in your room. The view from... More
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text:
Author has written 10 stories for Yu-Gi-Oh.
Oh, hey people! This is a little about me...
Animes I've seen!: Yu-Gi-Oh!, 5ds, Arc V; Dragon Ball Z; Soul Eater; Baka and Test; Shuffle!; Chobits; Ah! My Goddess; Demon King Daimao; Rosario and Vampire; Angel Beats; Ouran High School Host Club (Thanks to a certain someone. You know who you are.); Full Metal Panic; Negima; Uta no Prince-sama Maji Love 1000% and 2000%; Bleach; Trigun; Black Butler; Fairy Tail; Squid Girl
My Favorite Anime's!: Yugioh! (5ds and Arc-v as well), Dragon Ball series, Fairy Tail, & Bleach
uh... i think that's it. (I ONLY WRITE FOR YGO!)
What I like to do: I like to... play videogames; read/write; listen to music (That's like my trademark lol!); sing/rap (on occasion); play on the dueling network (YUP, a place for Yu-Gi-Oh! fans to create a deck and play against others ONLINE FOR FREE!) its at www.duelingnetwork.com maybe i'll c u there B); ride my bike; play sports such as volleyball, basketball, softball, football (Yes i like to play football), soccer, and tennis; i also ice skate/roller skate/roller blade;
uh... i'm pretty sure that's it.
What i hate!: I'm gonna come right out and say it...
YAOI AND YURI (unless it's cannon)! i can't stand it! I'm sorry for yaoi fans but... i just can't...,
I don't like things that make no sense at all. Like puppyshipping for example. You do realize Kaiba and Joey are basically ready to kill each other right?
Oh and um... i don't really like calling Atem, Yami. i mean, that's not his REAL name first of all. Second, how would you like to be called dark or darkness. Think about it, 'Hey dark, what's up darkness!' it just doesn't seem right to me. Plus, he is his OWN person. He deserves to be called by his name especially since we all know his name now.
What i'm working on/General News:
The Shooting Stars: I'm getting back into this. I'm writing each chapter and when I finished, i'll post them all at once.
Adventure in another Dimension: Its cancelled, sorry guys ;-; but i left it up cuz im too lazy to take it down lol
Can Dare's Lead to the Truth?: AtemxAnzu, Anzu is one of those girls who hates guys with a passion. Yugi, Joey, and Tristan know this. But will a certain spiky haired boy change that with some dare's and some help from his clueless brother who just moved in with him? (Same as shooting stars, i'll update it when i finish the rest of the chapters)
Stories to Come: (I'll get to these eventually lol)
Funnel Cakes!: Ok, this one i'm looking forward to! Let's just say that a certain someone discovers a certain treat and can't stop eating it XD! (one chapter, TBD)
Arrogance vs. Huntress: AnzuxAtem, It's a greek mythology one-shot. Anzu takes the place of Artemis and Atem is a newly appointed god on Olympus. Atem is the god of arrogance and challenges Anzu for her title of goddess of the hunt. Will he succeed, or will something else unforeseen by the gods happen? (one-shot, T, TBD)
My Favorite Couples:
Atem/Yami x Anzu/Tea; Joey x Mai; Yugi x Rebecca; Kaiba x Serenity; (Sometimes) Yugi x Anzu/Tea
Oh, you guys should know that i will mainly write about AtemxAnzu, and if i don't, it will just be about Atem. Maybe I'll do some AtemxOC work, who knows, i might surprise you ;). If it's just about him, then he will most likely be out of character :D I'm not sure why but, I LOVE SEEING HIM OUT OF CHARACTER XD!
Well, that's it for now. UNTIL WE MEET AGAIN GUYS!


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HOME INVASION VICTIM: Baseball Bat Saved His Life
Updated: 12/06/2013 - The victim in a Thursday night home invasion in Jones County says he thought his attackers were going to kill him.
Updated: 12/06/2013 - The victim in a Thursday night home invasion in Jones County says he thought his attackers were going to kill him.
Updated: 12/05/2013 - The Lenoir County Sheriff's Office is investigating what's believed to be a meth lab inside a home and searching for the person who lives there.
Updated: 12/05/2013 - Police say Troy Meadows is a bouncer at The Other Place nightclub on East Fifth Street.
Updated: 12/10/2013 - Pitt County deputies say Joseph Bradshaw, Sr. of Gates was arrested Monday.
Posted: 12/05/2013 - Wingate police and Union County sheriff's deputies arrested two Marshville men shortly before midnight Wednesday at an apartment in Monroe.
Updated: 12/05/2013 - Currituck County deputies have charged Timothy Ladd, Jr. with secretly using a photographic device to gratify sexual desire.
Updated: 12/05/2013 - The search is on for the person who opened fire into an apartment, hitting and killing a 19-year-old pregnant woman who was sleeping on a couch.
Updated: 12/05/2013 - A court appearance today was continued for an Ayden man who already admitted to videotaping inside the Carolina Mudcats' locker room and is also charged with doing the same thing at East Carolina University.
Posted: 12/05/2013 - Elizabeth City Police say a woman is charged with domestic abuse and neglect of her mother.
Updated: 12/04/2013 - A company is unveiling new technology that won't only bring new jobs to eastern carolina, but it'll also help solve crimes.
Updated: 12/05/2013 - Pasqoutank County deputies say it appears the horse got its feet tangled in some vines, fell over, and couldn't get loose.
Updated: 12/04/2013 - A judge has found North Carolina NAACP President William Barber and 11 others guilty of second-degree trespassing and violating building rules while protesting in April at the state legislature.
Updated: 12/04/2013 - Sixty-six-year-old John Alton Moore Jr. and 59-year-old Edelmira Najera Nichols of Fountain pleaded guilty Tuesday to two counts of solicitation to commit murder.
Updated: 12/05/2013 - Mark Clark was arrested around 2:00 p.m. in Wilson County, according to Winterville Police Chief Ryan Willhite.
Updated: 12/04/2013 - Surveillance video shows between seven and ten customers, along with five employees, making a panicked run for the front door while the gunmen cleaned out the register.
Posted: 12/04/2013 - Two teenagers are facing charges for vehicle break-ins in one Greenville neighborhood.
Updated: 12/04/2013 - Greenville Police responded to an armed robbery at Cici's Pizza on Greenville Boulevard, the second armed robbery there since October.
Posted: 12/03/2013 - Matthew Parksey of Holly Ridge has been charged with sexual activity by a custodian.
Updated: 12/03/2013 - Benjamin Shields IV pleaded guilty to second degree murder at the Pitt County Detention Center.
Posted: 12/03/2013 - A man accused of holding two girls against their will, forcing them into the sex trade, will not see the outside of a prison until he is 78 years old.
Updated: 12/02/2013 - A couple was charged with cooking methamphetamine in a Newport motel room Sunday, the same day a new law law went into effect calling for tougher punishments for meth makers.
Posted: 12/02/2013 - Police say Derrick Dunlow of Ahoskie was wanted in Hertford County for 92 counts of disturbing gravesites.
Updated: 12/02/2013 - Greenville police have charged Tierra Ramirez of Duluth, Georgia with numerous trafficking and conspiracy counts.
Updated: 12/02/2013 - Robert Etheridge of Henderson is wanted for first degree kidnapping, and assault with a deadly weapon inflicting serious injury.
Posted: 12/02/2013 - A group looking at security on all University of North Carolina campuses wants to hear from the public.


text:
Anna Sui
|Anna Sui
Anna Sui at her New York City office
August 4, 1964
Detroit, Michigan
|Parsons The New School for Design
|Fashion designer
Time Magazine- Top 5 Fashion Icons of the Decade;[1] CFDA Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award;Bravo A-List Award
Anna Sui Dolly Girl by Anna SuiAnna Sui Mini
|Anna Sui
|Traditional Chinese
|Simplified Chinese
|This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information. (May 2015)
Anna Sui (born August 4, 1964)[2][3] is an American fashion designer. She was named one of the "Top 5 Fashion Icons of the Decade" [4] and in 2009 earned the Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA), joining the ranks of Yves Saint Laurent, Giorgio Armani, Ralph Lauren, and Diane von Furstenberg.[5] Her fashion brand includes clothing, shoes, cosmetics, eyewear, and accessories, as well as a line of fragrances. Anna Sui products are sold through her free-standing stores and distributors around the world in over 50 countries. In 2006, Fortune estimated the collective value of Sui's fashion empire at over $400 million.[6]
Early life[edit]
Sui was born on August 4, 1964 in Detroit, Michigan to French-educated Chinese emigrants. By the time she was four years old, Sui knew she wanted to be a designer. As a teen, she read an article in Life Magazine about a girl who graduated from Parsons design school in New York and then moved to Paris, where Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton opened the girl a boutique. As Sui recalls, "As a kid, you think 'wow', you've found the magic ticket...all you have to do was move to New York and go to Parsons."[7] Years later, when Sui went back and re-read the article, she realized the girl's father was the legendary photographer, Irving Penn. Sui moved to New York and attended Parsons The New School for Design. [8]
Early career[edit]
After finishing her second year at Parsons, Sui was hired by juniors clothing label Charlie's Girls,[9] the first of several jobs where she learned by designing for sportswear labels and doing styling on the photography shoots of friend and former Parson's classmate Steven Meisel. During this time, she began designing and making clothes out of her apartment. While working for the sportswear company Glenora, she brought her collection of five pieces to a New York trade show, and caught the attention of a couple of New York department stores. A few weeks later, those clothes were featured in a New York Times advertisement.[10] The manager at Glenora, where Sui was still on the payroll, was furious when he saw the advertisement in the Times and fired her on the spot.
Left without a job, Sui took her $300 in savings and started a business out of a little corner in her apartment's living room. [11] For several years, Sui ran the company out of her apartment, doing odd-jobs for spare income and reinvesting every penny of earnings into her business. The 1980s was the height of "power-dressing" companies such as Chanel, Lacroix and Versace; Sui struggled to stand up next to the big-name fashion houses. In 1991, Sui's supermodel friends Naomi Campbell and Linda Evangelista got together and encouraged her to try a runway show. Sui rented a small space in the Meatpacking District and paid the models by giving them the clothes. The successful show was the biggest breakthrough of Sui's career: "That those beauties (Campbell and Evangelista) were then at the height of their fame helped stoke the reception Sui got from buyers and the news media."[12]
Anna Sui Line[edit]
That year, Sui opened her first retail location at 113 Greene Street in New York City's Soho District. The flagship store, with its lavender walls, red floors, antique black furniture, and signature dolly head mannequins has become a staple of SOHO fashion and has guided the aesthetic of Anna Sui stores worldwide. Evoking the Anna Sui lifestyle, "the stores have come to emphasize the epitome of culture in a continually shifting fashion world."[13]
Sui designs and manufactures her signature collection in her New York City headquarters on Fashion Avenue. In addition to her work as a designer, Sui has ardently fought to keep the industry alive and has spearheaded a campaign to "Save the Garment Center", which was highlighted during Fashion Week in September 2008.[14] Sui's designs attract many famous clients such as Blake Lively, Naomi Campbell, Sofia Coppola, Liv Tyler, and Courtney Love.
Anna Sui Shoes premiered on the runway for the fall collection in 1994. Manufactured in Venice, Italy, the shoe collection includes both day and evening styles, in velvet, silk, patent leather, snake and lizard skin, shearling and suede.
In 2009, Sui partnered with Target to produce a Gossip Girl inspired line combining Upper East Side style with a downtown edge. The limited edition collection was available for several weeks in September. A children's line known as "Anna Sui Mini" debuted in early 2009. Sui was also contracted by Samsung Electronics Co. to design cellular telephones.
For her innovative work, Sui has been called a designer who "never panders" by The New York Times, and earned the distinction of being named to Time magazine's list of the decade's top five fashion icons.[1]
Sui introduced her fragrance and cosmetic line in 1999.
- Night of Fancy
- Live Your Dream
- Dolly Girl Lil' Starlet
- Flight of Fancy
- Magic Romance
- Dolly Girl Bonjour L'Amour!
- Secret Wish
- Dolly Girl on the Beach
- Dolly Girl Ooh La love
- Dolly Girl
- Sui Love
- Sui Dreams
- Anna Sui Classic
- Rock Me
- Rock Me! Summer of Love
- Forbidden Affair
- Fairy Dance
- La Vie De Boheme
See also[edit]
- ^ a b "Chinese American Heroine: Anna Sui". AsianWeek.com. AsianWeek. February 12, 2010. Retrieved August 29, 2014.
- ^ "Anna Sui Style.com Profile". Style.com. Condé Nast. Retrieved August 29, 2014.
- ^ Paton, Elizabeth (March 2, 2012). "Still Swinging". Financial Times. Retrieved August 29, 2014.
- ^ Griffith, Hayley. "What's Next for Anna Sui". Huffington Post.
- ^ "CFDA Past Winners". CFDA Website.
- ^ "Scouting Mission". New York Post.
- ^ "About Anna Sui". Anna Sui Website.
- ^ "Sui, Anna". Vintage Fashion Guild Website.
- ^ "Anna Sui". Voguepedia.com Website.
- ^ "HOW I STARTED…24 – Anna Sui". [1].
- ^ "Anna Sui: Label Overview". Nymag.com.
- ^ Trebay, Guy (2009-02-11). "The New York Times "Testing Her Strong Suit"". Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
- ^ Time Magazine
- ^ Pinson, Laurel (24 December 2008). "Save the Garment District?". The L Magazine. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
External links[edit]
- Official Site
- Anna Sui Cosmetics
- Fortune Fashion
- Testing Her Strong Suit GUY TREBAY, February 11, 2009
- Anna Sui collections at style.com
- Anna Sui's Spring 2003 casual inspiration, JCReport
- Vogueapedia Anna Sui biography
- 1964 births
- American fashion businesspeople
- American fashion designers of Chinese descent
- People from Michigan
- High fashion brands
- Living people
- Luxury brands
- People from Detroit, Michigan
- Parsons The New School for Design alumni
- American designers
- Project Runway (U.S. series) judges
- American fashion designers for females


text:
FAMILY BREAKFAST- FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 18th
Please join us on Friday September 18th at 8:30 for Family Breakfast. . Please RSVP to Anita firstname.lastname@example.com
Now Scheduling Tours for the 2015-2016 School Year
See firsthand why The Victory Center has earned such a high reputation in offering quality ABA based instruction.
GALA KICKOFF MEETING – TUESDAY OCTOBER 13th
Please join us on Tuesday October 13th at 6:30pm for our 2016 Gala kickoff meeting. The meeting will be held at the Victory Center, many of the Board Members will be attending. Please RSVP to Amanda.
The Victory Center is a nonprofit, nonsectarian center that provides education and services to children with autism and related disabilities.
It was founded in June, 2000 by the parents of a child with autism and a volunteer Board of Directors as a full day, year-round school program. The programs and interventions utilize the evidence-based principles of Applied Behavior Analysis and are provided in a one-to-one student/teacher ratio within a classroom setting.
Academic Programs
Each day in the United States, millions of children go off to school, all with different strengths and weaknesses, abilities and needs. Over five million of these children have been identified as having a specific disability such as Autism, or a learning disability that necessitates some type of special instruction.
Proudly Supported By
The Victory Center for Autism and Related Disabilities is proudly supported by the following generous and community oriented businesses, they support us, please support them.


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The ring is a decorative jewelry worn on the finger. The ring can be wear by women and men, materials can be metals, cryatal, plastic, wood or bone. The history of the ring is considered to be a token of love. The ring wearing in the ring finger of the left hand is considered to be a wedding ring. Worn on the left index finger in many areas is considered courtship, middle finger said to love, on the little finger said to single. In ancient Rome, the ring is a symbol of rights as the seal.
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Weight:57Kg/125.7Lbs Height:173cm/68.1in Bust Size:34B Waist:67cm/26.4in Hips:88cm/34.6in Overall Fit:Small
Its ok, nothing special
Weight:50Kg/110.2Lbs Height:155cm/61.0in Bust Size:34C Waist:65cm/25.6in Hips:95cm/37.4in Overall Fit:True to Size
Soo Cute :)
Weight:50Kg/110.2Lbs Height:160cm/63.0in Bust Size:34C Waist:65cm/25.6in Hips:88cm/34.6in Overall Fit:Small
Very delicate ring. It looks super cute and the black eye is a great detail.
Weight:65Kg/143.3Lbs Height:170cm/66.9in Bust Size:38D Waist:73cm/28.7in Hips:95cm/37.4in Overall Fit:True to Size
A really cute little rabbit ring!
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|17 Jul 2003
|Filing date
|16 Jan 2002
|Priority date
|16 Jan 2002
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Tim Forrester
|Original Assignee
|Tim Forrester
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (19), Classifications (9), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The invention relates generally to global positioning using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and more particularly to systems and methods for obtaining global positioning satellite information.
[0003] 2. Background
[0004] A traditional GPS receiver receives and processes specially coded satellite communication signals. The satellite signals are generated from an array of satellites that comprise the GPS system. Nominally, this array consists of 24 satellites arranged in various orbits such that between 5 and 8 satellites are visible from any point on earth. GPS receivers convert the satellite signals into position, velocity, and time estimates. Four satellites are required to compute the three position dimensions (x,y,z) as well as the time.
[0005] More and more frequently wireless communication devices, such as cellular type handsets, are incorporating GPS capability. A driving factor behind the integration of GPS into wireless communication devices is the Federal Communication Commission's (FCC's) Enhanced 911 (E911) mandate. The purpose of the FCC's E911 rules is to improve the reliability of wireless 911 service and to provide emergency service personnel with location information that will enable them to provide emergency service faster and more efficiently. Wireless communication system operators are required to provide Automatic Location Identification (ALI) as part of phase II of the E911 implementation. Incorporating GPS within wireless communication devices enables wireless communication system operators to meet the phase II requirements.
[0006] Incorporation of GPS can, however, prove taxing on the limited resources of most wireless communication devices. Size, cost, memory, and processing power are all limited resources within a wireless communication device. In order to reduce the impact of incorporating GPS capability on such resources, the wireless communication devices' GPS capability is often "network assisted." In other words, the network portion of the wireless communication system provides information, such as acquisition assist (AA) or sensitivity assist (SA) information, that allows a wireless communication device to acquire, quickly and effectively, the GPS satellites needed to provide the requisite location information.
[0007] In a large-scale emergency, however, the network assist resources are likely to become inundated due to thousands of 911 calls. Such inundation is likely to cripple the positioning capabilities of wireless communication systems, just when they are needed most. Incorporating full GPS capability in wireless communication devices, thus eliminating the need for network assistance, can prevent this problem. But, as mentioned, such an approach is undesirable due to the negative impact it will have on the device's limited resources. Thus, the massive traffic created by a major disaster can cripple the ALI ability of conventional wireless communication systems and the only currently available solution overburdens already limited wireless communication device resources.
[0008] In order to overcome the problems associated with network assisted GPS capability in conventional wireless communication systems, the systems and methods described herein reduce the burden on the network by distributing the position assist capabilities throughout the network. Moreover, the systems and methods described herein allow the wireless communication device to be "primed" with assist information so that they can automatically acquire the requisite GPS satellites upon receiving a position request. Thus, for example, the position assist capability can reside within base stations in the communication system. The base stations can then periodically transmit the position assist information to wireless communication devices within the communication system. The information can be stored in the devices, then when one of the devices receives a position request, it can automatically access the stored information and quickly acquire the appropriate GPS satellites without accessing the network portion of the communication system.
[0009] While the systems and methods described herein are particularly advantageous during a large-scale emergency, they also provide advantages during less critical operation. With this in mind, other aspects, advantages, and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments, when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0010] Preferred embodiments of the present inventions taught herein are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0011]FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating one example embodiment of a wireless communication system configured in accordance with the invention;
[0012]FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating one example embodiment of a wireless communication device that can be used in the system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the invention;
[0013]FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating one example embodiment of a method for assisted position determination within the system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the invention; and
[0014]FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method of assisted position determination performed by the device of FIG. 2 in accordance with the invention.
[0015]FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a "location enabled" wireless communication system 100 in accordance with the systems and methods described herein. In system 100, a plurality of wireless communication devices, of which device 102 is presented as an example, communicate over a wireless communication channel 106 with a plurality of base transceiver stations (BTSs), of which BTS 108 is presented as an example. Each BTS 108 is interfaced with a base station controller (BSC) 110, which in turn is interfaced with a switching center 114. Switching center 114 controls communication between wireless communication devices 102 and between devices 102 and the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 118.
[0016] While system 100 in general most resembles a Wireless Wide Area Network (W-WAN), it will be apparent that system 100 is presented by way of example only. Thus, it will be understood that the systems and methods described herein are as applicable to W-WANs as they are, for example, to Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), and Wireless Personal Area Networks (W-PANs). Of course, for other types of systems, the various components of system 100, such as BTS 108, BSC 110, and switching center 114, will need to be replaced in the following description by the components associated with the particular system, e.g., a service access point (SAP) in a W-LAN. The systems and methods described herein are not, however, dependent on any particular type of system or any particular system architecture. Further, the systems and methods described herein are applicable regardless of whether system 100 is primarily used for data communication, voice communication, or both, although for purposes of the discussion that follows it will be assumed that system 100 is used primarily for voice communication.
[0017] Device 102 includes a GPS receiver (not shown) so that device 102 can receive position information from GPS satellites 104. It will be assumed that device 102 is a wireless handset; however, device 102 can just as easily be a laptop, or some other type of portable computer, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), or some other mobile or fixed electronic device that is enabled both with a GPS receiver and with the appropriate software and hardware to communicate over channel 106. With this in mind, FIG. 2 is a logical block diagram illustrating one example embodiment of a device 200 configured in accordance with the systems and methods described herein. As can be seen, device 200 includes a GPS receiver 226 configured to receive information from GPS satellites 104, and a wireless communication transceiver 224 configured to allow device 200 to communicate over communications channel 106.
[0018] Wireless communication transceiver 224 comprises receiver 216, which is configured to receive wireless communication signals from antenna 220. Receiver 216 is also preferably configured to filter and amplify the received signals. The received signals are then sent to demodulator 218. Demodulator 218 demodulates the received signal in order to generate a baseband information signal. Typically, demodulator 218 comprises two stages: the first stage steps the frequency of a received signal down from a Radio Frequency (RF), used for transmitting signals over channel 106, to an Intermediate Frequency (IF). The IF frequency signal is then stepped down, in the second stage of demodulator 218, to baseband. The baseband information signal is then sent to modem 212. Transceiver 224 also includes transmitter 214, which is configured to transmit wireless communication signals via antenna 220 generated by modem 212.
[0019] Modem 212 preferably includes various circuits for controlling the operation of handset 200 in general, and in particular for controlling communication using transceiver 224. Thus, Modem 212 can include various analog-to-digital (AID) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters, processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Vocoders, and peripheral control circuits as required by a particular device 200. Alternatively, some or all of these circuits can be included in device 200 as stand alone components or as components incorporated into the various components of transceiver 224.
[0020] Device 200 also preferably includes memory 228. Memory 228 can be used to store the software instructions used by both GPS receiver 226 and communication transceiver 224 as well as to store position assist information as described below. Thus, memory 228 can comprise a single memory device or a plurality of devices as required by the particular implementation of device 200.
[0021] Device 200 also includes GPS processor 208 configured to process GPS signals received via antenna 202. The received signals are preferably filtered and amplified in GPS receiver 204 and demodulated in GPS demodulator 206. Thus, GPS processor 208 can be configured to generate position information when requested without the aid of a network based position determination. Accordingly, the implementation of FIG. 2 can overcome problems associated with network based position determination, such as increased traffic and a limited operating range. But, as mentioned, including a full GPS receiver in handset 200 drives up the cost, complexity, and size of device 200 and can also have other negative effects such as reduced battery lifetime.
[0022] As such, it is preferable that network portion 122 of system 100 provide position assist information to device 200. Thus, switching center 114 can be interfaced with one or more Position Determination Entities (PDEs) 116, which include GPS receivers (not shown) for receiving information from GPS satellites 104 via antennas 120. GPS receiver 226 can then be configured to decode satellite signals from satellites 104. The decoded satellite signals can then be sent to a Position Determination Entity (PDE) 116. PDE 116 can then determine the position of device 200 from the decoded satellite signals and this information can be transmitted back to device 200, where it can, for example, be displayed on device 200 via a display (not shown).
[0023] For example, if the subscriber wants to know his position, he can input a position request into device 200 via a user interface (not shown). Device 200 then acquires satellite signal information from GPS satellites 104 using GPS receiver 226, which decodes the satellite signals. Device 200 transmits the decoded signals to PDE 116 over communication channel 106. PDE 116 generates the position information from the decoded signals and transmits the position to device 200, where it is displayed to the subscriber. Importantly, PDE 116 can also be used to provide device 200 with position assist information, such as AA and SA information, to help device 200 acquire satellites 104. Position assist information, such as AA and SA, will be discussed more fully below.
[0024] By incorporating the GPS processing capabilities in PDE 116 instead of device 200, the cost, complexity, and size of device 200 can be reduced while offering enhanced GPS performance due to the greater computational power of the PDE. Since there is constant pressure to reduce the cost, complexity, and size of wireless communication handsets, this networked based approach has distinct advantages. There are, however, important disadvantages. For example, the network based approach increases the network traffic in system 100, which reduces system capacity, meaning fewer users can use the system. This can be especially problematic during a large-scale emergency when there are thousands of 911 calls, which under the E911 mandate will initiate a position determination for each device 200 as part of the ALI implementation. Thus, while network based position determination is advantageous, the resulting network traffic in system 100 must be reduced within system 100 to avoid over burdening network portion 122 of system 100, in particular PDEs 116.
[0025] To this end, BSC 110 in system 100, unlike in conventional systems, can include a GPS receiver (not shown) configured to receive information from satellites 104 via antenna 112. BSC 110 is preferably configured to generate position assist information, such as AA and SA information, from the received information and to periodically transmit the position assist information to device 102. Thus, device 102 is primed with position assist information. If device 102 subsequently receives a position request, it preferably is configured to automatically access the position assist information and to use the information to acquire the appropriate GPS satellites 104 and to determine the position of device 102 from the GPS satellite information. In this manner, network traffic is reduced, as is the burden on PDEs 116.
[0026] Preferably, BSC 110 uses some type of control channel that is already part of wireless communication system 100 to transmit the position assist information to device 102. For example, if system 100 is a PCS system, then the PCS common control channel (CCCH) can be used to transmit the position assist information to device 102.
[0027] There are several ways in which position determination can be carried out in accordance with the systems and methods briefly described above. Several exemplary methods are described below in more detail. But first, it should be noted that a position request can be generated for a variety of reasons. As described, a position request can be generated in response to a 911 call as part of the ALI requirement. Alternatively, the user can request his position, which is also described above. But in addition, wireless communication system operators can also provide various services that will push information onto a subscriber's wireless communication device 102 based on their location. Such services require that the subscriber's position be determined. In general, it will be understood that position requests can be initiated in a variety of ways and for a variety of reasons. The above, therefore, are intended to simply serve as examples.
[0028]FIG. 3 illustrates one example method whereby the network can prime a wireless communication device 102 with position assist information in accordance with one embodiment of the systems and methods described herein. First, in step 302, BSC 110 receives satellite information from GPS satellites 104 using antenna 112 and the associated GPS receiver (not shown). In step 304, BSC 10 preferably processes the received GPS satellite information in order to derive the requisite position assist information, such as AA and SA information. Thus, it is preferable that BSC 10 include the processing hardware and software required to process the received GPS satellite information. Then, in step 306, the processed information is periodically transmitted to device 102.
[0029] In a conventional system, PDEs 116 track GPS satellites 104 using an almanac stored in PDEs 116. The almanac informs PDEs 116 as to which satellites 104 are visible from different positions on earth at any given time. Thus, in a conventional system, when a device 102 receives a position request, it initiates communication with a PDE 116 to determine which satellites are visible. PDE 116 responds with AA information telling device 102 which satellites 104 to look for as well as SA information, which assists device 102 to acquire satellites 104 when the signals from satellites 104 are excessively attenuated due to interference, such as when device 102 is inside a building.
[0030] Normally, a GPS receiver, such as receiver 226, will receive signals with signal levels as low as approximately −130 dBm. But inside a building, for example, the signal levels received by device 200 from satellites 104 can be as low as −150 dBm or lower. The SA information allows device 200 to increase the sensitivity of receiver 226 so that it can receive signals as low as approximately −150 dBm. Thus, the AA and SA information allows device 200 to quickly, preferably in 2 seconds or less, acquire GPS satellites 104 in order to make a position determination.
[0031] The main limitation on the sensitivity of GPS receiver 226 is the integration time that receiver 226 uses when receiving signals from satellites 104. In the GPS system, three codes are used to modulate the signals sent by satellites 104. The first is the Coarse Acquisition (CA) code, which is a 1 MHz pseudo random noise code that repeats every 1023 bits, or every 1 ms. The second is the Precise (P)-code, which is a 10.024 MHz code that repeats every 7 days. The third is the navigation message, which is a 50 Hz signal consisting of data bits that describe the orbits, clock corrections, and other parameters related to each satellite 104. It is the CA code that limits the integration time because in addition to repeating every 1 ms, it may also invert every 20 m depending on system parameters that are unknown to GPS receiver 226. Therefore, receiver 226 can only normally integrate for 1 ms or less, because it never knows if the CA code is going to invert or not.
[0032] The SA code, however, lets device 102 know when the CA code is going to invert, which allows receiver 226 to use a longer integration time on the received GPS satellite signals. The longer integration time increases the sensitivity of receiver 226, which in turn allows receiver 226 to work even when the GPS satellite signals are strongly attenuated. Thus, the SA information along with the AA information, which can also include navigation information such as orbits, clock corrections, and other parameters related to each satellite 104, allow device 102 to acquire, quickly and efficiently, satellites 104 even when the signal strength is as low as −150 dBm.
[0033] In system 100 traffic within network portion 122 from messages traveling to and from PDEs 116 is reduced because the position assist function typically performed by PDEs 116 is distributed throughout the network. Specifically, in system 100 the position assist function is placed in BSC 110. Thus, BSC 110 can, in one embodiment, act as a standalone PDE. In other words, BSC 110 can include all the requisite information to allow BSC to track all GPS satellites 104 and to acquire and process (steps 302 and 304) all the required information to assist device 102 with position determination. In an alternative embodiment, PDEs 116 can be used to push information, such as what satellites should be visible, onto BSC 110 so that BSC 110 does not need to store all of the information normally stored on PDEs 116. While this has the advantage of reducing the burden on the resources of BSC 110, it also has distinct disadvantages. In particular, the latter embodiment is not preferred because PDEs 116 can, for example, be crippled due to excessive traffic during a large-scale emergency. Thus, PDEs 116 would not be available to supply information to BSC 110 just when it is required most.
[0034] In another alternative embodiment, BSC 110 can comprise full PDE capability, but also be configured to receive GPS information from PDEs 116. Thus, PDEs 116 can be used as a back-up should the BSC's GPS capability be compromised in some fashion.
[0035] Distributing the PDE capabilities within the network portion 122 of system 100 reduces traffic within that portion; however, it does not directly address the problem of increased traffic over channel 106 that is due to position determination activity. In order to reduce traffic over communication channels 106, especially during a large-scale emergency, BSC 110 is preferably configured to periodically prime (step 306) device 102 with position assist information. Priming device 102 can be accomplished in several ways. For example, in conventional wireless communication systems, device 102 is required to periodically register with BSC 110. Thus, in one embodiment, BSC 110 can be configured to also transmit updated position assist information to device 102 each time it registers.
[0036] Alternatively, BSC 110 can be configured to periodically broadcast the position assist information to all communication devices 102 within range of BTS 108. For example, most wireless communication systems use some type of control channel that includes information that allows communication devices 102 that have recently entered into communication range to acquire and communicate with network 122. Such information is typically periodically broadcast over the control channel, because network 122 does not know when such devices will enter into range. The control channel can, therefore, be used to periodically transmit updated position assist information. In which case, device 102 does not need to register with BSC 110 at all. This can lead to further advantages as described below. Regardless of the method used, however, priming device 102 with position assist information reduces network traffic throughout system 100, particularly during times of increased traffic, including over channel 106.
[0037]FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating one example process for position determination by a wireless communication device once it is primed with position assist information in accordance with the systems and methods described herein. First, in step 402, the wireless communication device, e.g., device 200, receives the position assist information. Then in step 404, the received information is preferably stored within device 200, e.g., in memory 228. Device 200 then waits in step 406 until a position request is received. Again, a position request is essentially any action that requires the position of device 200 to be determined. If a position request is received in step 406, then in step 408 GPS receiver 226 preferably automatically accesses the position assist information stored in memory 226 and uses it to acquire GPS satellites 104 in step 410. In step 412, device 200 receives GPS signals from satellites 104 and determines the position in step 414 using information encoded in the GPS signals. The process then reverts to step 406 in which device 200 again waits for a position request. Although, in the interim, device 200 may receive (step 402) updated position assist information.
[0038] Alternatively, device 200 can decode the GPS signals and send them to the network over channel 106, where the position can be determined from the decoded GPS signals as in a conventional system. Thus, the decoded GPS signals can be forwarded to PDE 116, which can be configured to determine the position of device 200 and send it back to device 200 via the network. In another embodiment, BSC 110 can be configured with full PDE capabilities mentioned above. In this case, device 200 can be configured to send the decoded GPS signals to BSC 110 for a position determination. BSC 110 can then be configured to determine the position and transmit it back to device 200.
[0039] As mentioned previously, if device 200 does not need to register with the network in order to receive the position assist information, then the advantages of the systems and methods described herein can be extended even further. This is because GPS receivers are incorporated into numerous electronic devices, and even into cars, boats, trucks, etc. Any of these "devices" can benefit from the position assist information provided by BSC 110 in the same manner as described above. But these devices typically do not have the capability to communicate with the network, e.g., over communication channel 106. Therefore, they would not be able to register and receive the position assist information.
[0040] This is not a problem, however, if the devices are not required to register in order to receive the position assist information, e.g., if the information is broadcast by BSC 110. In this case, any device incorporating a GPS receiver can be configured to periodically receive the position assist information from BSC 110 and to use it to acquire GPS satellites 104 as described above. It is possible that BSC 110 will include a second transmitter configured to transmit over the same frequency as GPS satellites 104 so that such devices can receive the position assist information using their GPS receivers although this technique has substantial technical difficulties. Alternatively, these devices can include a second receiver configured to operate at the same frequency used for communication over channel 106 so that they can receive the position assist information broadcast by BSC 110. Often, however, these devices will suffer from the same resource limitations as wireless communication devices. Therefore, it is generally easier to include a second GPS transmitter in BSC 110, since the BSC's resources are not as limited. Further this second GPS transmitter can be used to augment the existing GPS constellation and thus improve accuracy and coverage in an urban environment.
[0041] Incorporating a second transmitter into BSC 110 can be problematic depending on the frequency used for communication over channel 106. Fortunately, newer communication systems often use frequencies in the 1 and 2 GHz range, which is close in frequency to that used by GPS satellites 104, i.e., approximately 1.5 GHz. Therefore, incorporating a second transmitter into BSC 110 in order to broadcast position assist information to a variety of devices is feasible in many communication systems. Thus, the advantages described above, i.e., fast satellite acquisition even at low signal levels, can be extended to a variety of devices. This can be advantageous because there are costs associated with including network assisted GPS service into a wireless communication system; however, the wireless communication system operator does not generate any revenue from E911 service. Therefore, the operator must develop other GPS related services to cover the cost of including network assisted GPS capabilities within his system. One way to generate such revenue is to provide network assist information to these other types of GPS devices.
[0042] Thus, the position determination capabilities of all types of GPS enabled devices can be enhanced through network assisted positioning in accordance with the systems and methods described herein, which not only leads to enhanced positioning performance, but can also increase revenue for the operators of wireless communication systems. Moreover, the enhanced capabilities will not be negatively impacted during a large-sale emergency, when they are needed most.
[0043] Again, it will be understood that the systems and methods described herein are as applicable to W-WANs as they are to Wireless Local Area Networks (W-LANs), and Wireless Personal Area Networks (W-PANs). Further, the systems and methods described herein are applicable regardless of whether system 100 is primarily used for data communication, voice communication, or both. And, while embodiments and implementations of the invention have been shown and described, it should be apparent that many more embodiments and implementations are within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be restricted, except in light of the claims and their equivalents.
|Cited Patent
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|4 May 1936
|28 Mar 1939
|American Box Board Co
|Title not available
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|14 Aug 2007
|Northrop Grumman Corporation
|Power cycling for a global positioning system
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|11 Dec 2007
|Nokia Corporation
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|12 Feb 2008
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd
|Apparatus and method for providing a telematics service having and AGPS function
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|1 Dec 2009
|Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab
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|Sirf Technology Inc.
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|12 Jan 2010
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|System and method for integration of wireless computer network in position determining technology
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|3 Jul 2012
|Andrew, Llc
|Network measurement report caching for location of mobile devices
|3 Oct 2002
|3 Feb 2015
|Sprint Spectrum L.P.
|Method and system for managing mobile station location information
|24 Nov 2004
|28 Apr 2015
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for calculating a position estimate of a mobile station using network information
|22 Jan 2004
|3 Mar 2005
|Henry Falk
|Dynamic memory allocation and sharing in electronic systems
|19 Sep 2003
|24 Mar 2005
|Gum Arnold J.
|System and method for integration of wireless computer network in position determining technology
|12 Aug 2004
|24 Mar 2005
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Apparatus and method for providing a telematics service having and AGPS function
|11 Dec 2003
|16 Jun 2005
|Nokia Corporation
|Determination of correlation in the frequency domain
|27 May 2004
|15 Dec 2005
|Siegel Neil G
|Power cycling for a global positioning system
|28 Jun 2002
|23 Mar 2006
|Petri Kokkonen
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|24 Nov 2004
|14 Jun 2007
|Christopher Patrick
|Method and apparatus for calculating a position estimate of a mobile station using network information
|13 Sep 2012
|Paul Henry
|Systems and Methods for Determining Geographic Location of a Mobile Device
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|Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina
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|U.S. Classification
|455/456.1, 455/457
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|18 Aug 2003
Owner name: KYOCERA WIRELESS CORP., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FORRESTER, TIM;REEL/FRAME:014392/0426
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|31 Mar 2010
Owner name: KYOCERA CORPORATION,JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KYOCERA WIRELESS CORP.;REEL/FRAME:024170/0005
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|23 Dec 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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The siblings develop a new appreciation of each other with a helping hand from their mother
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Topanga Vintage Market is back on October 25, with all our great vintage dealers, a select group of local artisans and great food trucks. Add some live music for a great day of junkin'. And all for only $3!
Location: Pierce College, Victory Blvd at Mason Ave, Woodland Hills, CA 91306
Time: 8am to 3pm, Sunday, Oct 25 (Always the 4th Sunday)
Price: $3 admission; kids 12 and under free, free parking
Note: Please do not bring your pets!
The Vintage Market welcomes quality antique & vintage vendors, and artists & craftspeople. See our vendor page for details »
Click & add to your calendar…Always the 4th Sunday!


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Date Reported - Vessel Name - DWT - Built - (Age) -
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Teekay GP LLC, the general partner of Teekay LNG Partners L.P. has declared a cash distribution of $0.70 per unit for the quarter ended September 30, 2015.
TMS Cardiff Gas Ltd. has signed a contract with Hyundai Heavy Industries of Korea for the construction of two 78,700 cbm LPG carriers with the option to build another two.


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The Bishop Broncos JV softball team won Tuesday's home conference game against Frazier Mountain by a score of 25-2.
(May 3, 2011: Bishop, CA 93514) The Bishop Broncos (Bishop, CA) softball routed the visiting Frazier Mountain Falcons (Lebec, CA), 25-2 in Tuesday's league bout.
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Thread: deleted files in iTunes
12-17-2013, 01:58 PM #1deleted files in iTunes
Im trying to free up some space by moving music files to an external drive. I searched Apple Support, but did not quickly find help that met my needs.
I do not play music files with iTunes 10.2.2 (OS 10.5.8). I only use iTunes to make playlists of recorded vinyl albums and cassette tapes to play in the car.
So Ive copied folders named by Artist from the iTunes Music folder to the external drive. With iTunes closed, I deleted one such folder containing only one album from the hard drive. Upon reopening iTunes, that playlist was still there, and the files were listed in Music (under Library on the sidebar) as well. Then I deleted the playlist for that artist, but the files were still listed in Music.
The files wont play, because iTunes cant find them. Thats fine. I only want to keep them in case a CD is destroyed or gets too many skips in it. Then I can burn another CD from the external drive, and I dont have to record again.
So, my question is this: Do I have to manually delete all playlists and individual songs? Now, there will be some things left behind that havent been burned yet, so I dont want to do a global delete. Plus, this will be an ongoing enterprise; I have lots more to record.
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You're making a lot of work for yourself there.
Why not just move the iTunes library en-masse to the external drive. You'll get the best of both worlds. You'll regain local drive space, you'll have the folders on your external and your iTunes library will still 'work' so you won't need to micro-manage the tracks that are in or out of the library.
If you want to continue as you are I'd suggest doing all deletions in iTunes. That way the library file will be correctly updated.External hard disk acquisition addict - but admitting the problem is the first step to a robust backup
Please use the reputation system if you think you've been helped - top right of this post
Thanks for the reply. I'm not sure of the steps to take to do this more efficiently, and some things are a little confusing.
I have the following library files in Home/Music/iTunes:
iTunes Library 328 KB
iTunes Library Extras.itdb 132 KB
iTunes Library Genius.itdb 32 KB
iTunes Music Library.xml 2 MB
But the iTunes Music folder, where all the individual files are, is 11.55 GB
I'm not sure what else to move to the external drive, other than all those files. Then I'm not sure what else to delete from the hard drive.
I'm ok with a global transfer* to the external drive, just not a global delete on the hard drive to free up the space, which is my ultimate goal. As I said above, there are some that I want to keep on the hard drive. I'm waiting until I have other things recorded to go with some already recorded music on a series of CDs.
If I delete things in iTunes first, will the files in iTunes Music be deleted also?
Maybe there's a good "how to" on Apple's web site, but I didn't find it.
*I've already done a manual copy, but would be interested in learning the global method.
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If you start here:
iTunes for Mac: Moving your iTunes Media folder
It talks you through it. The library is moved so you don't end up needing to delete anything manuallyExternal hard disk acquisition addict - but admitting the problem is the first step to a robust backup
Please use the reputation system if you think you've been helped - top right of this post
Thanks for going to the trouble of finding that link. I think my search turned up the same one. Look closely; at the top it says it's for iTunes on a Windows PC. Now, the basic steps may be similar, but it's mainly giving instructions on how to point iTunes to the new location. I don't need to do that. And step 14 is manual deletion.
If my iTunes folder is the equivalent to the iTunes Media folder, then there's no magic way to transfer the music. The actual transfer is glossed over in that set of steps, but implies that you just copy or move the entire folder.
Since all I'm after is storing the music, moving the iTunes Music folder, or the folders within it "cherry picking" style is all that I need to move.
I'm not willing to experiment, but I wonder if following step 14 would then get rid of all the "pointers" in iTunes automatically. It didn't when I deleted one artist folder, but if the whole thing goes, including the listed Libraries, it might.
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When you point iTunes to a new location then consolidate the library it moves your content for you.
The consolidate library is the magic step as you put itExternal hard disk acquisition addict - but admitting the problem is the first step to a robust backup
Please use the reputation system if you think you've been helped - top right of this post
Ok, well, as I've said, that's not what I want to do. I guess I'll just continue down the path I started on. Thanks for the input.
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All I do when moving my iTunes music and video to a new drive:
Quit iTunes.
Connect the new drive
While holding the option key - open iTunes - it will ask you to select the Library file you want to use or create a new one - select create a new one
Go to iTunes - Preferences - Advanced - change the location to the new drive and close Preferences
Open Finder - navigate to the folder where all the music is stored - highlight all of it - drag it and drop it onto the iTunes icon in the Dock
iTunes will then copy all of it to the new drive and organize and have your new library all set up when it's done
Once it's done copying and you can verify everything is now in the new library - you can delete the old folderI cannot be held responsible for the things that come out of my mouth.
In the Windows world, most everything folks don't understand is called a virus.
Thanks for those instructions. If I ever want to do a global copy and global delete, I'll give it a try. My "cherry picking" approach was not that bad. I copied 10 GB of music to an external drive, then deleted the songs manually, leaving several albums behind. It's all done now.
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