text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 22, 2011
|Filing date
|Jun 15, 2009
|Priority date
|Dec 23, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Aitan Ameti, Keming Chen, Robert J. Fontana, Edward A. Richley, Belinda Turner
|Original Assignee
|Multispectral Solutions, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (2), Classifications (7), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention is related to commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,882,315 (Richley, et al.) issued Apr. 19, 2005 entitled "Object Location System and Method," which is incorporated herein by reference. This is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/480,982 filed Jul. 6, 2006 (assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,492,316 to issue on Feb. 17, 2009), which claims the benefit of Provisional Application 60/752,950 filed Dec. 23, 2005.
This invention concerns timing synchronization or determination of time corrections to be applied to timing devices of independent RF receivers generally, but is disclosed herein in connection with implementation in a wireless object location system and method.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,882,315 ("the '325 patent"), a precision object location system is described in which cycling of local clocks of multiple receivers was frequency-locked (but not necessarily phase-locked) with a common clock frequency (e.g., where a common clock signal is conveyed over low-cost CAT5 cables from a central processor/hub to each of the multiple receivers). Such a system may use an active (i.e., transmitting) reference tag to enable determination of or to compensate for relative phase offsets between individual clocks of the receivers. With the use of ultra wideband (UWB) or short pulse waveforms as timing signals, location accuracies and precisions within one foot were achieved. Synchronizing local receiver clocks is extremely important to obtaining precise positioning accuracy and much effort in the prior art has been directed to aligning timing references in each of multiple receivers or monitoring stations in a geopositioning or an object location system. Thus, shielded or unshielded (twisted wire pair) cabling was used to interlink the receivers via a common timing reference. Alternatively, where no wireline link is provided, prior untethered (i.e., wireless) systems utilized extremely accurate, albeit expensive, local timing references at each receiver but even then the timing accuracy of internal clock circuits and concomitant positioning accuracy is still subject to temperature changes, frequency drift or clock skew (which necessitated periodic synchronizing with a common source).
In many applications, particularly those outdoors or in areas in which conventional wiring is either not possible (e.g., on a large cattle ranch for tracking livestock) or exorbitantly expensive (e.g., within an oil refinery for tracking safety personnel), it is desirable to eliminate wire lines running from a central processor hub to individual receivers or monitoring stations. In furtherance of such goal, the present invention proposes an alternative system and method to obtain synchronization or offset information for the individual receivers.
In Anderson et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,469,409) ("the '409 patent"), a method is described to wirelessly phase-lock individual receivers that operate with independent internal local clocks having no common or external timing reference. Here, a reference tag is used to perform synchronization. In operation, a transmission from the reference tag is received by multiple independent receivers. Each receiver, knowing its own location and the exact position of the reference tag, may then calibrate its own clock by calculating/measuring the precise propagation time for the tag signal to reach the receiver. In addition, knowing the exact cable delay from each receiver's antenna/preamplifier (AP) node to a collector (C) node, a processor hub may also compensate for the relative timing offsets between the individual receivers. This computation is accomplished by subtracting the sum of the propagation time and cable delay from the measured arrival time of the reference tag transmission at each receiver (as measured in a local time coordinate system at the receiver). The resultant estimates (one for each receiver) of the epoch time of the reference tag transmission are then suitably adjusted and aligned by the central processor so as to provide a common time reference point for subsequent transmissions from other (non-reference or object) tags.
A disadvantage of Anderson's technique is that, if relatively inexpensive internal clocks are used as suggested, updates from the reference tag must be received at a sufficiently fast rate or clock drift between receivers (e.g., due to a simple frequency offset) will create significant location errors. In essence, Anderson "pins" the epoch time of a tag transmission event for all receivers after a single calibration, but does not compensate for time-of-arrival drift due to clock frequency offsets. For example, in an Anderson implementation, if one receiver's clock frequency differs from that of another receiver by 20 parts per million (ppm), a one nanosecond difference in reference tag times-of-arrival is accrued in 500 microseconds. Thus, a calibration cycle must occur every five milliseconds (or 200 times per second) to maintain an accuracy of ten nanoseconds, or approximately ten foot resolution (based on distance of RF signal propagation during ten nanoseconds).
The present disclosure describes a system and method for significantly improving performance over prior systems and methods, such as that contemplated by Anderson et al., while fully enabling a wireless implementation of methods and systems described in commonly-owned '315 patent without sacrificing positioning accuracy. The present invention additionally allows further improvements and advantages over the method and system described in the '325 patent.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a system provides normalization of time (e.g., synchronizing or calibrating clocks, or providing an indication of skew compensation) of local clock circuits of plural spatially-located monitoring stations. One embodiment comprises a reference transmitter to transmit at least two RF pulses (UWB) that define a time reference interval wherein local clock circuits have respective detection circuits that detect and measure time durations of the time reference interval at respective receivers of the monitoring stations, and a processing device that determines a relationship (e.g., ratio) between time durations measured at receivers of at least two monitoring stations and that effects normalization of time (e.g., calibration) of local clock circuits according to the relationship. Once normalized, the local clock circuits may accurately measure times-of-arrival of subsequent object tag transmissions in an object location system. The processing device may effect normalization of time-of-arrival measurements among receivers of the monitoring stations by controlling the frequency of at least one local clock circuit of a monitoring station to maintain the relationship fixed (e.g., one-to-one) with respect to a frequency of a local clock of a selected other (i.e., master) monitoring station.
In a more specific embodiment, each of the local clock circuits comprises a ring counter that detects and latches a clock count to measure the duration of the time reference interval and/or the processing device (i) wirelessly receives at a central processing hub digital information representing clock count information of the monitoring stations and time-of-arrival measurements of an object tag transmission and (ii) effects normalization of the time-of-arrival measurements according to a ratio of clock count information.
In another embodiment, a method of providing normalization of time of (e.g., synchronizing, calibrating, or providing skew compensation for) local clock circuits of two or more spatially-located receivers of respective monitoring stations comprising transmitting at least two RF pulses to define a time reference interval; detecting RF pulses at the receivers; at respective monitoring associated with the receivers, measuring durations of the time reference interval according to the detecting step; determining a relationship (e.g., ratio) between durations measured at the monitoring stations; and providing normalization of time of the local clock circuits at two or more monitoring stations according to the relationship. The method may further include counting unit increments of time (e.g., using a ring counter) to measure the time reference interval between the UWB pulses and then latching a clock count to measure the durations; and the processing step may include normalizing time-of-arrival measurements among receivers of the monitoring stations by controlling the frequency of at least one local clock circuit of a monitoring station to maintain the relationship fixed (e.g., one-to-one) with respect to a frequency of a local clock of a selected other (i.e., master) monitoring station. In a wireless scheme, the method may further include wirelessly receiving at a central processing hub digital information representing clock count information and time-of-arrival measurements of an object tag transmission; and then normalizing the time-of-arrival measurements according to the relationship.
In yet another embodiment, there is provided a time reference system for independent clocks of spatially-located wireless receivers of an object locating system that determines the position of an object. This embodiment comprises a reference tag transmitter to transmit a pair of short-pulse signals that define a time reference interval therebetween, a first wireless receiver that receives the short-pulse signals to generate a first count value according to a first local clock indicative of a time interval between pulses of the pair of short-pulse signals, a second wireless receiver that receives the short-pulse signals to generate a second count value according to a second local clock indicative of a time interval between pulses of the short-pulse signals, and a processor responsive to the first and second count values of the first and second receivers to determine an offset between the first and second local clocks whereby to enable determination of object location according to the offset. In a preferred embodiment, the first and second receivers generate digital representations of the count values and the processor hub wirelessly receives the digital representations of the first and second count values.
In yet another embodiment, a time reference system for independent clocks of spatially-located wireless receivers of an object locating system that determines the position of an object comprises a reference tag transmitter to transmit a pair of short-pulse signals that define a time reference interval therebetween, a first wireless receiver to receive the short-pulse signals to generate a first count value according to a first local clock in order to measure a time interval between pulses of the pair of short-pulse signals, a second wireless receiver to receive the short-pulse signals to generate a second count value according to a second local clock in order to measure a time interval between pulses of the short-pulse signals, and a processor responsive to the first and second count values of the first and second receivers to determine an offset and to use the offset to effect adjustment of the frequency of at least one of the first and second local clocks to maintain relative synchronization thereof.
In yet further embodiment, a method of normalizing independent clocks of respective receivers of remote monitoring stations comprises transmitting an ultra wideband (UWB) pulse pair, determining at first and second monitoring stations a respective clock count indicative of a locally measured time interval between the pulse pair, each the clock count being derived by incremental measurement of time units (e.g., by a local clock/counter/oscillator/multivibrator/delay-line/incremental time indexer/time unit measurement circuit associated with respective receivers), determining a ratio (e.g., by using programmed processor module) between clock counts of the first and second monitoring stations, and utilizing the ratio as a reference to normalize time of local clocks that generate each the clock count. The utilizing step may further include normalizing time by synchronizing local clocks that generate each the clock count or by applying a correction to time-of-arrival measurements taken at respective monitoring stations.
A further embodiment of the invention comprises a method of normalizing timing references of spatially-located receivers in a geoposition system comprising utilizing a UWB pulse pair transmission to determine offsets between clocks of the receivers.
A further embodiment of the invention comprises a method calibrating independent, spatially-located clocks of a geoposition system in order to geolocate an object having an associated object tag. The method comprises transmitting an RF pulse pair, receiving the pulse pair at multiple locations, utilizing respective frequencies of first and second spatially-located clocks to produce count values to effect measurement of an interarrival interval at each of multiple locations, determining a ratio of count values relative to the first and second spatially-located clocks, and utilizing the ratio to calibrate time indications of the clocks. This may further include utilizing a ratio of an initial pulse pair to maintain synchronization of the clocks during subsequent pulse pair transmissions; or wirelessly transmitting the count values to a central processing hub that determines object position according to the ratio.
In yet an additional embodiment of the invention, an object location system to locate an object equipped with an object tag transmitter comprises a reference transmitter to transmit at least two UWB pulses comprising short bursts of RF energy, multiple monitoring stations positionable at known locations, each including a UWB receiver and a local clock that responds to receipt of the UWB pulses to determine a clock count based on an interarrival interval, each monitoring station further including transmitter to transmit (via cable, wire, over-the-air transmission) a digital representation of the clock count to a central processing hub, and the central processing hub including a processor to compute a ratio of count values relative to first and second ones of the multiple monitoring stations and to utilize the ratio to align indications of timing references of the monitoring stations in order to determine the position of the object. Further, the processor may compute a second count value ratio between first and third ones of the monitoring stations and utilizes the first and second count values to align respective local clocks to determine the position of the object; the processor may utilize a clock count value of one of the monitoring stations as a common reference in order to compute ratios with respect to clock count values of other monitoring stations; the processor may determine object location by aligning local clocks of other monitoring stations with the first monitoring station; or the reference transmitter may transmit multiple pulse pair groups and the processor corrects indications of clock drifts among the monitoring stations in order to maintain synchronization of local clocks. The digital representation may further include a station identifier to identify respective ones of the monitoring stations and the processing hub may be co-located with one of the monitoring stations.
Other aspects of the invention will become apparent upon review of the following description and drawings. The invention, though, is pointed out with particularity by the appended claims.
To help place the invention in perspective, Anderson '409 describes a "zeroth order" technique in which times-of-arrival of a reference tag signal (as observed at spatially-located receivers) are precisely aligned using a priori knowledge of the reference tag and receiver positions (hence, a priori knowledge of reference tag propagation times from the reference tag transmitter to the individual receivers) and AP node to C node cable delays. However, as indicated above, even a small frequency offset between receiver timing circuits causes this calibration to be quickly lost.
Instead of determining timing alignment of remote clocks in multiple receivers based on time-of-flight measurement of a reference pulse and a priori knowledge of positions of the reference tag and the receivers, the present invention utilizes a relatively fixed time reference interval and a constant or known frequency offset between respective local clocks and/or higher order differences (e.g., frequency drifts, etc.) between or among transmitter and receiver circuits of independent monitoring stations. The offset at each monitoring station is determined by measuring a time reference interval established by a pair of RF pulses, e.g., a pulse pair, of UWB pulses. In one embodiment, each UWB pulse comprises a short burst of RF energy have a few cycles. Since the time reference interval is relatively constant for a given transmission medium in a region of the monitoring stations (i.e., the signal propagation speed throughout the medium is substantially constant), the time interval between pulses of the pulse pair provides a uniform time reference or metric for the timing circuits of the spatially-located monitoring stations. In a wireless object location system employing UWB pulse transmissions, this allows for use of less expensive timing circuits for the remote clocks while maintaining sub-foot resolution in positioning accuracy.
As an example, let τtag have a nominal value of one second, and suppose that in one measurement interval τtag has an actual value of 1.000523 seconds. Further, suppose that receiver 1 and receiver 2 have known internal clock frequencies of 99.99356 MHz and 100.00118 MHz, respectively. Receiver 1 measures τtag as (1.000523)(99.99356 MHz)=100045857 clock counts, and receiver 2 measures τtag as (1.00523)(100.00118 MHz)=100053481 clock counts. Clock counts may be measured by methods and circuit known in the art, or by methods and circuits described in the '315 patent, such as free-running counters, multi-vibrators, digital counters, tapped delay lines, and/or other circuits. The ratio of these two count values, or 100053481/100045857=1.0000762=8, is an extremely close estimate (for a high frequency clock) of the ratio of the two individual clock frequencies. Note also that, if the next interarrival time between a subsequent pulse pair transmission from the reference tag is 1.000289 seconds (e.g., due to frequency drift of the reference tag transmitter clock), the new counts are now 100022458 for receiver 1 and 100030080 for receiver 2, but the ratio remains constant, i.e., 100030080/100022458=1.0000762 as before. Thus, the actual time spacing between pulse pair transmissions of the reference tag becomes irrelevant to achieving positioning accuracy, as is its precise position in space (as required by the Anderson '409 patent).
To describe an exemplary embodiment to determine the ratio, a local processor at each monitoring station captures, digitizes, and wirelessly transmits clock count information to a remote processing hub thereby to enable mathematical determination of correct times of arrival of subsequent object tag signals at the processing hub. Alternatively, the monitoring stations themselves may broadcast their clock count information with an ID message so that the other monitoring stations receive these clock counts and locally determine a ratio relative to a selected one of the monitoring stations, i.e., a master. Thus, the ratio may be locally used to perform time correction or alignment locally. In an exemplary implementation, the frequency of the local clock at each monitoring station may be varied (e.g., using a voltage controlled oscillator) in order to maintain a one-to-one clock count ratio with the clock count of a master monitoring station. This way, all clocks are coherent in frequency and no further time correction would be required (except for internal cable or other delays) to measure the time of arrival of a subsequent object tag transmission.
With knowledge of the ratio δ for any initial or subsequent stabilized reference tag transmission, the frequency (f2) of receiver clock 2 can then be corrected to be equal to the frequency (f1) of receiver clock 1 since f2˜f1�δ for any or all subsequent measurements. In general, for any number N of untethered receivers, each receiver clock can be precisely referenced to that of one of the other receivers. With equal, or near equal, local clock frequencies among the individual receivers, the wireline approach described in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,882,315 can now be followed to attain a remote wireless object location system or method for the precision location of arbitrary object tags.
Advantageously, a system or method according to the present invention is unaffected by changes (drifts) in inter-transmission time of the reference tag pulse pair. Instead of transmitting a pair of pulses (or multiple pairs) to define a time reference interval, a series of three or more pulses may be transmitted and intervals between any one or more pulses may be used as a timing reference interval. Also, the timing reference interval may comprise an average of multiple intervals that lie between multiple pulses. Further, no knowledge of the reference tag position is required in a system or method of the present invention since the computational results are unaffected by tag position and primarily depend on the duration of the reference interval between pulses.
For better accuracy, the reference tag interval and nominal receiver clock frequency should be large enough so that the product of these two values produces a count value with sufficient gradations to yield a good estimate when taking the ratios of these values. On the other hand, the reference tag interval between pulse pairs must also be short enough so that the assumption of a constant frequency offset is satisfied. For example, in the case where temperature fluctuations occur, the assumption of a constant frequency offset may not be satisfied over very long interarrival times.
In practice, it has been found that a one-second update rate is adequate to provide a wireless remote object location system or method having the same or similar accuracy and resolution as the wired counterpart described in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,882,315, i.e. one foot or less. Note that this update rate is many or Iders of magnitude lower than what would be required for a comparable positioning accuracy using the approach described in the Anderson '409 patent.
The embodiment described above can be further generalized as shown in
The above techniques can be used to remotely and wirelessly adjust each receiver clock to the same frequency, with subsequent phase locking of the cycling thereof then performed using reference tag information as described in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,882,315. Furthermore, the digital data stream that is sent from each receiver to the hub/processor node in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,882,315 can now be wirelessly transmitted as well to the hub/processor by using standard, off-the-shelf, wireless technologies such as ISM-band, 802.11a/b/g, or other wireless technique.
In order to maintain synchronization, reference tag 80 may transmit UWB pulse pairs every second, more or less, or at any other interval (periodic or non-periodic). With accurate offset information on hand in the form of count values, e.g., count values may be stored in a memory, processor hub 72 computes alignment variances between and among local clocks (e.g., ring counters) of the monitoring stations so that accurate time-of-arrival data may properly be determined or calculated upon detecting subsequent UWB transmissions from object tag 82. Paths 82 a, 82 b, and 82 c respectively convey UWB transmissions from the object tag 82 to the monitoring stations 74, 76, and 78. Such UWB transmissions may also include ID or other information, as described in incorporated '315 patent, which enables multiple objects to be geolocated simultaneously. Instead of UWB transmissions, the invention may employ short or wideband RF pulses.
At step 94, time-of-arrival of a subsequent pulse is measured, e.g., by latching the count status or count value of a cyclic counter as described in the incorporated '315 patent. The latched value, at step 95, may then be transmitted to a central processor hub in order to determine, with the use of counter skew or count value information, the location of the object that transmitted a subsequent object tag pulse.
In a preferred embodiment, Ultra Wideband (UWB) radio data packets 200 are transmitted to the monitoring station 201 and intercepted by UWB antenna 218. A UWB transceiver 202 is provided at each monitoring station. The transceiver can, for example, be designed in accordance with the system described in commonly-owned, incorporated U.S. Pat. No. 5,901,172.
UWB transceiver 202 produces a digital bit stream that is processed by packet decoding logic 203, which performs packet framing and bit timing as part of an isochronous communication system. In an isochronous system, the communication signals carry timing information embedded as part of the signal. Upon receiving a complete UWB data packet, packet decoding logic 203 generates and sends an interrupt signal on line 212 to the digital signal processor (DSP) 206. Tag ID and a sequential burst count 210 are also extracted from the packet, and are sent to the DSP for further processing. Packet decoding logic 203 also generates a TOA timing pulse 211 that is precisely referenced in time relative to the beginning or end of a UWB data packet synchronization preamble. The synchronization preamble may comprise a few bits of data having a unique pattern at the beginning of the UWB packet burst so that the UWB transceiver 202 may determine the validity of the received packet as well as bit time alignment. The TOA timing pulse is subsequently measured by measurement apparatus 204, which functions as a time-to-digital converter. An output TOA measurement 215 is a digital result that is determined in response receipt of the TOA timing pulse.
Upon receiving an interrupt signal, DSP 206 reads the TOA measurement 215 along with the optional tag ID and sequential burst count 210, and stores the combined information in the TOA measurement memory 207. Any additional information decoded by the packet decoding logic 203 (e.g., personnel data, cargo manifest, etc.) can also be stored in memory at this time. In a preferred embodiment, the TOA measurement memory 207 operates as a First-In First-Out (FIFO) buffer. Also, in the preferred embodiment, a program (which is typically stored in a FLASH memory, not shown) manages a portion of a general-purpose static RAM to function as the TOA measurement memory FIFO.
Because packet data and measurement results can be transferred at high speeds to TOA measurement memory, the monitoring station 201 can receive and process tag (and corresponding object) locating signals on a nearly continuous basis. That is, multiple UWB data packets can be processed in close succession thereby allowing the use of hundreds to thousands of tag transmitters. Data stored in TOA measurement memory 207 is wirelessly transmitted to the processing hub 72 (
In addition, wireless interface 208 has is bi-directional. Interface 208 may convey command signals from the processing hub to, for example, instruct DSP 206 to transfer the contents of the TOA measurement memory 207 to the processing hub 72. Additional commands include those to adjust UWB transceiver operating characteristics such as gain and detection thresholds.
Within the monitoring station 201, a timing reference clock signal on line 213 is frequency-multiplied using well-known techniques by phased-lock loop (PLL) clock multiplier 205 (e.g., Pericom PI6C918AW), thereby producing a local timing reference signal on line 214. In one embodiment, the timing reference clock signal on line 213 may have a local clock frequency of 10 MHz, and the local timing reference signal on line 214 is generated at 100 MHz (i.e., a 10� digital multiplication factor). Alternatively, a 100 MHz crystal oscillator may be used to produce a local clock signal.
The timing pulse is asynchronous with respect to the local timing reference signal. Therefore, following the assertion of the timing pulse, the next rising edge of the local timing reference signal causes the latches to capture the instantaneous outputs of delay line 302 and output of digital counter 303.
In the example of
The problem of phase alignment is typically solved through the use of a counter reset or phase synchronization signal. In contrast, the present invention may utilize non-resettable counters. During operation, the counters have random, but constant, phase offsets. To compensate for relative phase offsets, a reference transmitter is positioned at known coordinates. This transmitter transmits a unique ID code to allow the above-described processing algorithm to identify latched count values corresponding to signals received from this particular transmitter. Since the locations of the transmitter and receivers are all known, the exact phase offsets between counters can be readily deduced as described above.
The illustrated embodiments disclosed herein set forth various approaches to provide a way to wirelessly calibrate or synchronize the frequencies of independent receivers of a precision geolocation or time referencing system using two or more pulse transmissions from one or more reference tags to define a time reference interval. As used herein, a pulse pair may be derived from a series of two or more pulses where an intertransmission (or interarrival) interval lies between any two pulses within the series of pulses. Instead of utilizing offset information at a processing end to adjust of time-of-arrival of object tag signals to determine object location, the offset or representation thereof may be fed back to the individual receivers to make internal adjustments in clock frequency to maintain uniformity or synchronization in internal clocks. UWB pulse transmissions enable good resolution due to their short duration but wideband transmissions may, in certain circumstance, also be acceptable. Where extreme position accuracy is not required, conventional lower frequency or narrower band RF pulse transmissions may be utilized. The invention has applications beyond object location (e.g., navigation, remote timing, or other applications), thus the disclosure a geopositioning is not intended to limit the invention to that field. Unlike prior systems and methods, the actual location of the reference tag need not be known, nor is it required to tightly control the duration of the time reference interval transmitted by the reference tag. Using time differences of arrival, clock ratios may be computed for each monitoring station relative to one monitoring station chosen as reference, i.e., master. These clock ratios are then used to adjust the relative clock frequency of each receiver to precisely match that of the master. Finally, with all receivers adjusted for frequency lock, the method and system of the U.S. Pat. No. 6,882,315 can be used to determine the precise position of all (non-reference) tags within the area of receiver coverage.
In addition to deploying the invention in an object location system, other applications include vehicle guidance and navigation which is also a form of object location. Vehicles include land, sea, air, and space vehicles including motor vehicles, marine vessels, and aircraft where present day expensive systems may be replaced with low-cost systems provided by the present invention. The invention may also be deployed in earth tunneling and boring machines to accurately guide the machine through the earth. Using ultra wideband in this application is particular advantageous due to earth penetration advantages of UWB signals. Satellite navigation system may also employ the methods and systems herein for timing reference or correction.
Accordingly, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and described herein but includes subject matter embraced by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
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|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
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|Time Domain Corporation
|Apparatus and method for locating objects in a three-dimensional space
|Oct 18, 2001
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|Multispectral Solutions, Inc.
|Object location system and method
|Feb 20, 2001
|Sep 26, 2002
|Yilin Zhao
|Time synchronization of a satellite positioning system enabled mobile receiver and base station
|Oct 18, 2001
|Jun 10, 2004
|Richley Edward A.
|Object location system and method
|Dec 30, 2003
|Jul 7, 2005
|Maloney John E.
|TDOA/GPS hybrid wireless location system
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 31, 2006
|Dec 11, 2012
|The Boeing Company
|Remote programmable reference
|May 31, 2006
|Dec 6, 2007
|The Boeing Company
|Remote Programmable Reference
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 6, 2012
|Certificate of correction
|Apr 30, 2014
Owner name: ZIH CORP., ILLINOIS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:032785/0084
Effective date: 20140429
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Owner name: MORGAN STANLEY SENIOR FUNDING, INC. AS THE COLLATE
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:ZIH CORP.;LASER BAND, LLC;ZEBRA ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS CORP.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:034114/0270
Effective date: 20141027
|Apr 28, 2015
|Fee payment
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In Men at Work, political pundit George Will breaks baseball down, parsing it into essential tasks: hitting, fielding, pitching, and managing. Why do some succeed grandly while others are more apt to whiff? By analyzing the way Tony Gwynn, Cal Ripken, Orel Hershiser, and Tony LaRussa approach the game and do what they do, he finds striking similarities in intelligence, dedication, drive, and desire.
In this book for the hard-core baseball fan, Will persuades such notables as Tony La Russa, Orel Hershiser and Tony Gwynn to offer details on the finer points of the game. "The author tends to retell well-known baseball history a little too often," said PW. "But as a sports journalist, he shows himself to be a master at enticing players into particularly enlightening discussions."
Copyright 1991 Reed Business Information, Inc.
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This book ranks up there with "Perfect: the Rise and Fall of John Paciorek, Baseball's Greatest One-game Wonder" as an outstanding baseball book.Published 1 month ago by Kent
Purchase this on my Kindle at the recommendation of a friend over a year ago, and I haven't yet finished it. It is an interesting book, but just not enough to hold my attention. Read morePublished 1 month ago by mmuncci
Everything you wanted to know about baseball as of late 1980s intermingled with some fascinating history lessons, all centred around four intimates: pitcher, hitter, fielder and... Read morePublished 2 months ago by Nelson
A must for the baseball fan. Though written a few decades ago, a lot of what Mr. Will has to say is still relevant to the game.Published 2 months ago by John E Russo
For those who view baseball as a sport where little happens, this book will dispell that uninformed notion. Read morePublished 2 months ago by jukebachs
Best baseball book I've ever read. Mr. Will shows all that goes into a game is much more than what you see. Read morePublished 3 months ago by E2Rose

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Conflict of Interest: None
Brief Communications
Suboccipital Nerve Blocks for Suppression of Chronic Migraine: Safety, Efficacy, and Predictors of Outcome
Article first published online: 1 JUN 2010
DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01687.x
© 2010 American Headache Society
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain
Volume 50, Issue 6, pages 1041–1044, June 2010
Additional Information
How to Cite
Weibelt, S., Andress-Rothrock, D., King, W. and Rothrock, J. (2010), Suboccipital Nerve Blocks for Suppression of Chronic Migraine: Safety, Efficacy, and Predictors of Outcome. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 50: 1041–1044. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01687.x
Funding Support: This study was performed in the absence of any external financial support.
Publication History
- Issue published online: 1 JUN 2010
- Article first published online: 1 JUN 2010
- Accepted for publication April 7, 2010.
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
(Headache 2010;50:1041-1044)
Background.— Approximately 1 in 50 Americans is afflicted by chronic migraine (CM). Many patients with CM describe cervicogenic headache. Options for treating CM effectively are at present quite limited.
Objective.— To determine the safety and efficacy of occipital nerve blocks (ONBs) used to treat cervicogenic chronic migraine (CCM) and to identify variables predictive of a positive treatment response.
Methods.— Using a uniform dose and injection paradigm, we performed ONBs consecutively on a series of patients presenting with CCM. Patients were stratified according to specific findings found to be present or absent on physical examination. A positive treatment outcome was defined as a 50% or greater reduction in headache days per month over the 30 days following treatment relative to the 30-day pre-treatment baseline. We used a 5-point Likert scale as one of the secondary outcome variables.
Results.— We treated 150 consecutive patients with unilateral (37) or bilateral (113) ONBs. At the 1-month follow-up visit 78 (52%) exhibited evidence of a positive treatment response according to the primary outcome variable, and 90 (60%) reported their headache disorder to be "better" (44; 29%) or "much better" (46; 30%). A total of 8 (5%) patients reported adverse events within the ensuing 72 hours, and 3 (2%) experienced adverse events that reversed spontaneously but required emergent evaluation and management.
Conclusion.— For suppression of CCM, ONBs may offer an attractive alternative to orally administered prophylactic therapy.


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Are you Olof Ramström?Claim your profile
Publications (124)574.95 Total impact
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ABSTRACT: Bacterial infections constitute an increasing problem to human health in response to build-up of resistance to present antibiotics and sluggish development of new pharmaceuticals. However, a means to address this problem is to pinpoint the drug delivery to-and into-the bacteria. This results in a high local concentration of the drug, circumventing the increasingly high doses otherwise necessary. Combined with other effectors, such as covalent attachment to carriers, rendering the drugs less degradable, and the combination with efflux inhibitors, old drugs can be revived. In this context, glyconanomaterials offer exceptional potential, since these materials can be tailored to accommodate different effectors. In this Concept article, we describe the different advantages of glyconanomaterials, and point to their potential in antibiotic "revitalization".Chemistry - A European Journal 09/2015; DOI:10.1002/chem.201502842 · 5.73 Impact Factor
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Nanomaterials constitute a class of structures that have unique physiochemical properties and are excellent scaffolds for presenting carbohydrates, important biomolecules that mediate a wide variety of important biological events. The fabrication of carbohydrate-presenting nanomaterials, glyconanomaterials, is of high interest and utility, combining the features of nanoscale objects with biomolecular recognition. The structures can also produce strong multivalent effects, where the nanomaterial scaffold greatly enhances the relatively weak affinities of single carbohydrate ligands to the corresponding receptors, and effectively amplifies the carbohydrate-mediated interactions. Glyconanomaterials are thus an appealing platform for biosensing applications. In this review, we discuss the chemistry for conjugation of carbohydrates to nanomaterials, summarize strategies, and tabulate examples of applying glyconanomaterials in in vitro and in vivo sensing applications of proteins, microbes, and cells. The limitations and future perspectives of these emerging glyconanomaterials sensing systems are furthermore discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Biosensors & Bioelectronics 07/2015; DOI:10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.031 · 6.41 Impact Factor
Article: Dynamic Covalent Organocatalysts Discovered from Catalytic Systems through Rapid Deconvolution Screening[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The first example of a bifunctional organocatalyst assembled through dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) is described. The catalyst is based on reversible imine chemistry and can catalyze the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction of enones with aldehydes or N-tosyl imines. Furthermore, these dynamic catalysts were shown to be optimizable through a systemic screening approach, in which large mixtures of catalyst structures were generated, and the optimal catalyst could be directly identified by using dynamic deconvolution. This strategy allowed one-pot synthesis and in situ evaluation of several potential catalysts without the need to separate, characterize, and purify each individual structure. The systems were furthermore shown to catalyze and re-equilibrate their own formation through a previously unknown thiourea-catalyzed transimination process. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. This is an open access article under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Chemistry - A European Journal 07/2015; 21(36). DOI:10.1002/chem.201502088 · 5.73 Impact Factor
Article: Gelation-driven Dynamic Systemic Resolution: In situ Generation and Self-Selection of an Organogelator[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: An organogelator was produced and identified from a dynamic imine system, resolved and amplified by selective gelation. The formation of the organogel was monitored in situ by (1)H NMR, showing the existence of multiple reversible reactions operating simultaneously, and the redistribution of the involved species during gelation. The formed organogelator proved effective with a range of organic solvents, including DMSO, toluene, and longer, linear alcohols.Scientific Reports 06/2015; 5:11065. DOI:10.1038/srep11065 · 5.58 Impact Factor
Article: Trans-Symmetric Dynamic Covalent Systems: Connected Transamination and Transimination Reactions[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The development of chemical transaminations as a new type of dynamic covalent reaction is described. The key 1,3-proton shift is under complete catalytic control and can be conducted orthogonally to, or simultaneous with, transimination in the presence of an amine to rapidly yield two-dimensional dynamic systems with a high degree of complexity evolution. The transamination-transimination systems are proven to be fully reversible, stable over several days, compatible with a range of functional groups, and highly tunable. Kinetic studies show transamination to be the rate-limiting reaction in the network. Furthermore, it was discovered that readily available quinuclidine is a highly potent catalyst for aldimine transaminations. This study demonstrates how connected dynamic reactions give rise to significantly larger systems than the unconnected counterparts, and shows how reversible isomerizations can be utilized as an effective diversity-generating element. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Chemistry - A European Journal 06/2015; 21(27). DOI:10.1002/chem.201500520 · 5.73 Impact Factor
Article: Erratum to "Carbohydrate conjugation through microwave-assisted functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes using perfluorophenyl azides" [Carbohydr Res 405 (2015) 33–38][Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Carbohydrate-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized using microwave-assisted reaction of perfluorophenyl azide with the nanotubes. The results showed that microwave radiation provides a rapid and effective means to covalently attach carbohydrates to SWNTs, producing carbohydrate-SWNT conjugates for biorecognition. The carbohydrate-functionalized SWNTs were furthermore shown to interact specifically with cognate carbohydrate-specific proteins (lectins), resulting in predicted recognition patterns. The carbohydrate-presenting SWNTs constitute a new platform for sensitive protein- or cell recognition, which pave the way for glycoconjugated carbon nanomaterials in biorecognition applications. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Carbohydrate Research 03/2015; 405:33-8. DOI:10.1016/j.carres.2014.09.006 · 1.93 Impact Factor
Article: Ionization of Covalent Immobilized Poly(4-vinylphenol) Monolayers Measured by Ellipsometry, QCM and SPR[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Covalently immobilized poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) monolayer films were fabricated by spin coating PVP on perfluorophenyl azide (PFPA)-functionalized surface followed by UV irradiation. The pH-responsive behavior of these PVP ultrathin films was evaluated by ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). By monitoring the responses of these films to pH in situ, the ionization constant of the monolayer thin films was obtained. The apparent pKa value of these covalently immobilized PVP monolayers, 13.4 by SPR, was 3 units higher than that of the free polymer in aqueous solution.Applied Surface Science 03/2015; 343. DOI:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.03.014 · 2.71 Impact Factor
Article: ChemInform Abstract: N,N-Diethylurea-Catalyzed Amidation Between Electron-Deficient Aryl Azides and Phenylacetaldehydes.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Urea structures, of which N,N-diethylurea (DEU) proved to be the most efficient, were discovered to catalyze amidation reactions between electron-deficient aryl azides and phenylacetaldehydes. Experimental data support 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between DEU-activated enols and electrophilic phenyl azides, especially perfluoroaryl azides, followed by rearrangement of the triazoline intermediate. The activation of the aldehyde under near-neutral conditions was of special importance in inhibiting dehydration/aromatization of the triazoline intermediate, thus promoting the rearrangement to form aryl amides.Organic Letters 01/2015; 17(3). DOI:10.1021/ol503655a · 6.36 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant organic matter in nature, serving as structural components and energy sources, and mediating a wide range of cellular activities. The emergence of nanomaterials with distinct optical, magnetic, and electronic properties has witnessed a rapid adoption of these materials for biomedical research and applications. Nanomaterials of various shapes and sizes having large specific surface areas can be used as multivalent scaffolds to present carbohydrate ligands. The resulting glyconanomaterials effectively amplify the glycan-mediated interactions, making it possible to use these materials for sensing, imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. In this review, we summarize the synthetic strategies for the preparation of various glyconanomaterials. Examples are given where these glyconanomaterials have been used in sensing and differentiation of proteins and cells, as well as in imaging glycan-medicated cellular responses.Nano Research 10/2014; 7(10):1381-1403. DOI:10.1007/s12274-014-0507-y · 7.01 Impact Factor
Article: Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of 1-Cyano-tetrahydroisoquinolines from Lipase Dual Activity and Opposite Enantioselectivities in α-Aminonitrile Resolution[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Dual promiscuous racemization/amidation activities of lipases leading to efficient dynamic kinetic resolution protocols of racemic α-aminonitrile compounds are described. α-Amidonitrile products of high enantiomeric purity could be formed in high yields. Several lipases from different sources were shown to exhibit the dual catalytic activities, where opposite enantioselectivities could be recorded for certain substrates. Dynamic chemistry: Dual promiscuous racemization/amidation activities of lipases leading to efficient dynamic kinetic resolution protocols of racemic α-aminonitrile compounds are described. α-Amidonitrile products of high enantiomeric purity could be formed in high yields. Several lipases from different sources were shown to exhibit the dual catalytic activities, in which opposite enantioselectivities could be recorded for certain substrates (see scheme). © 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. This is an open access article under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Chemistry - A European Journal 09/2014; 20(36). DOI:10.1002/chem.201402615 · 5.73 Impact Factor
Article: ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Substituted Thiolanes Through Domino Thia-Michael-Henry Dynamic Covalent Systemic Resolution Using Lipase Catalysis.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Dynamic systems based on consecutive thia-Michael and Henry reactions were generated and transformed using lipase-catalyzed asymmetric transformation. Substituted thiolane structures with three contiguous stereocenters were resolved in the process in high yields and high enantiomeric excesses. © 2014 The authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 08/2014; 356(5). DOI:10.1002/adsc.201301033 · 5.66 Impact Factor
Article: ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,3-Oxathiolan-5-one Derivatives Through Dynamic Covalent Kinetic Resolution.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The asymmetric synthesis of 1,3-oxathiolan-5-one derivatives through an enzyme-catalyzed, dynamic covalent kinetic resolution strategy is presented. Dynamic hemithioacetal formation combined with intramolecular, lipase-catalyzed lactonization resulted in good conversions with moderate to good enantiomeric excess (ee) for the final products. The process was evaluated for different lipase preparations, solvents, bases, and reaction temperatures, where lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B) proved most efficient. The substrate scope was furthermore explored for a range of aldehyde structures, together with the potential access to nucleoside analog inhibitor core structures.ChemInform 06/2014; 70(24):3826–3831. DOI:10.1002/chin.201428119
Dataset: 2010 - Perfluorophenyl Azide Immobilization Chemistry for Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A carbohydrate-anion recognition system in nonpolar solvents is reported, in which complexes form at the B-faces of β-D-pyranosides with H1-, H3-, and H5-cis patterns similar to carbohydrate-π interactions. The complexation effect was evaluated for a range of carbohydrate structures; it resulted in either 1:1 carbohydrate-anion complexes, or 1:2 complex formation depending on the protection pattern of the carbohydrate. The interaction was also evaluated with different anions and solvents. In both cases it resulted in significant binding differences. The results indicate that complexation originates from van der Waals interactions or weak CH⋅⋅⋅A(-) hydrogen bonds between the binding partners and is related to electron-withdrawing groups of the carbohydrates as well as increased hydrogen-bond-accepting capability of the anions.Chemistry - An Asian Journal 05/2014; 9(5). DOI:10.1002/asia.201301617 · 4.59 Impact Factor
Article: Lipase-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of oxathiazinanones through dynamic covalent kinetic resolution[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A domino addition-lactonization pathway has been applied to a dynamic covalent resolution protocol, leading to efficient oxathiazinanone formation as well as chiral discrimination. A new, double biocatalytic pathway has furthermore been proposed and evaluated where the initial product inhibition could be efficiently circumvented.Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 04/2014; 12(22). DOI:10.1039/c4ob00365a · 3.56 Impact Factor
Article: Thiazolidinones Derived from Dynamic Systemic Resolution of Complex Reversible-Reaction Networks[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A complex dynamic system based on a network of multiple reversible reactions has been established. The network was applied to a dynamic systemic resolution protocol based on kinetically controlled lipase-catalyzed transformations. This resulted in the formation of cyclized products, where two thiazolidinone compounds were efficiently produced from a range of potential transformations.Chemistry - A European Journal 03/2014; 20(12). DOI:10.1002/chem.201304690 · 5.73 Impact Factor
Article: Silver-catalyzed dynamic systemic resolution of α-iminonitriles in a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition process[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A dynamic azomethine ylide system was established using Sc(OTf)3 and Ag/Taniaphos as catalysts. The system was subsequently kinetically resolved in a tandem 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition process where the silver complex acted as both a reaction catalyst and an external selector, resulting in the formation of an exclusive pyrrolidine product in good yield and enantiopurity.Chemical Communications 02/2014; 50(29). DOI:10.1039/c4cc00944d · 6.83 Impact Factor
Conference Paper: Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Lamivudine and its enantiomer via Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis; 12/2013
Article: ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Lamivudine via Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The anti-HIV nucleoside lamivudine was asymmetrically synthesized in only three steps via a novel surfactant-treated subtilisin Carlsberg-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution protocol. The enantiomer of lamivudine could also be accessed using the same protocol catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B.Chemical Communications 09/2013; 45(12). DOI:10.1039/c3cc45551c · 6.83 Impact Factor
Article: Sensing lectin-glycan interactions using lectin super-microarrays and glycans labeled with dye-doped silica nanoparticles[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A new microarray platform, based on lectin super-microarrays and glycans labeled with dye-doped nanoparticles, has been developed to study glycan-lectin interactions. Glycan ligands were conjugated onto fluorescein-doped silica nanoparticles (FSNPs) using a general photocoupling chemistry to afford FSNP-labeled glycan probes. Lectins were printed on epoxy slides in duplicate sets to generate lectin super-microarrays where multiple assays could be carried out simultaneously in each lectin microarray. Thus, the lectin super-microarray was treated with FSNP-labeled glycans to screen for specific binding pairs. Furthermore, a series of ligand competition assays were carried out on a single lectin super-microarray to generate the dose-response curve for each glycan-lectin pair, from which the apparent affinity constants were obtained. Results showed 4-7 orders of magnitude increase in affinity over the free glycans with the corresponding lectins. Thus, the glycan epitope structures having weaker affinity than the parent glycans could be readily identified and analyzed from the lectin super-microarrays.Biosensors & Bioelectronics 03/2013; 47C:258-264. DOI:10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.014 · 6.41 Impact Factor
Top Journals
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
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Portland, Oregon, United States
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Wu-han-shih, Hubei, China
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University of StrasbourgStrasburg, Alsace, France
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Lund, Skåne, Sweden
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry


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Esther Mary Hartman Obituary
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: Esther Mary Hartman November 14, 1922 November 21, 2013 Esther Mary Hartman, 91, of State College, died Thursday, November 21, 2013, at Hearthside Nursing and...
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I'm a mum of one healthy and gorgeous boy. He's a little chap & has been from the start - this blog is intended to share my experiences and joys as well as allay fears of parents who might find...
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Crafting, menu planning, cooking, parenting and the occasional rant!
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This blogger's a mum with one toddler who commutes to work. She's trying to juggle her career and time with her little girl, and she's writing about it here.
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Publisher:Three Rivers Press
Like any good cocktail, this book brings together tasty ingredients in a delicious mix. Boston Herald
Walton is hilariously well-versed in wine terminology, and his wit is deliciously dry. Seattle Weekly
Out of It is a thoroughly addictive examination of intoxicants, from the everyday substances of alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco to the illicit realm of opiates, amphetamines, and hallucinogens. More than a mere (if heady) catalog of intoxicants, however, Stuart Waltons book is a smart, wry look at why intoxication has always been a part of the human experiencefrom our earliest Stone Age rituals to the practices of the ancient Greeks and Romans, right on up through the Victorian era and ending with a flourish in modern timesand more significantly, why the use of intoxicants is, and will continue to be, an essential part of being human.
An insightful overview of humanitys historical and cultural attachment to various intoxicants. . . . It deserves a prominent place in the emerging discussion reshaping understanding and policies regarding intoxication and the use of drugs and alcohol.Kirkus Reviews (starred)
Walton is particularly, and convincingly, engrossing, an elegant and forceful stylist.The Guardian
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Welcome Back!
LUCC is excited to begin business again and welcome everyone back to Campus for Fall 2015. Funding and Organization requests are being accepted as usual (forms to be found below), and committee meeting times will be posted soon. Steering and Finance committees will continue to meet from 8pm - 10pm on Tuesdays and Thursdays respectively, while General Council will be held at 4:45pm on Mondays of week 2,4,6,8, and 9.
Class Representative Elections
Freshmen class representative elections will be held on Tuesday, September 29, 2015. Following representative elections in the Spring, polls will be conducted on a single day, from 10am till 8pm.
Interested Freshmen are welcome to run for the position; 4 representatives will be elected. It is possible to run on a joint slate if one intends on being off campus for a term or two. Applications will be due at 11:59 pm on Saturday, September 26, 2015. Since candidates cannot begin campaigning until their applications are submitted, it is encouraged to submit applications earlier rather than later.
Campaigns generally involve social media and posters made by hand or printed using campus printers. While there is no official cap on campaing expenditure (presidential campaigns are limited to $30, for reference), candidates are encouraged to use minimal facilities that require payment.
The application can be found here. Remember to send a complete pdf or submit a print version to the LUCC office (4th floor Warch inside the computer lab) before 11:59 pm on Saturday, September 26, 2015.
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Fall's ladylike trend gets a graphic twist with Antonio Berardi's stretch-wool dress. Be inspired by the runway styling - simple black heels and a sleek updo will keep the focus on this statement monochrome piece.
Antonio Berardi dress: off-white stretch-wool, graphic black inserts, wide round neck, fully lined. Concealed hook and exposed double-zip fastening through back. 94% wool, 5% elastane, 1% polyamide. Dry clean.
Product code: 172252 - Need help? Contact us


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My bank presented copies of the Mortgage Note with a chain of endorsements that are not the same as the chain on the Recorded Assignments of Deed of Trust. The Note shows 3 endorsements involving 4 entities: "A to B", "B to C", and "C to D" while the Recorded Assignments SKIP the second entity "B". The lender actually also presented two assignments showing that entity "A" transferred to "C" and then "C" to "D" and the assignments read: "TOGETHER WITH THE NOTE"!!! No corporation assignment exists whatsoever for the second entity even though it supposedly acquired the beneficial rights via endorsement as seen on the copy of the Note. Is that a legally broken Chain of Title as interpreted in Foreclosure law suits?
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text: Everything Else Ben crawling! Written by Doug Belshaw on September 30th, 2007. Leave a comment (click for video) Before I became a parent, I never thought little things would give me so much pleasure. Although he's been threatening to do so for a while, Ben can crawl properly now. I'm so proud…. 😀 Related Posts:How I use a MacBook Pro (October 2012)Indie Tech Summit: On raising the next generation [VIDEO]5 reasons to use Open Source SoftwareTILTW reaches 100!Wednesday Wisdom #37: ConfluenceShare this:PrintMoreEmailFacebookGoogleLinkedInTwitterPinterestTumblrPocket


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Alan Gibby, Deseret News Archives
On Monday, NPR's news radio show "All Things Considered" featured LDS sister missionaries in a four-minute segment by Stina Sieg called "At A Younger Age, Mormon Women Are Eager To Share Their Faith."
"There are 11,000 more female missionaries around the world now than there were a year ago. Women account for 24 percent of all Mormon missionaries, up from 15 percent before the change," Sieg said in the feature. "Like their male counterparts, they're disconnecting from worldly belongings and focusing solely on their faith. No hobbies, no school, no social media — unless it relates to their mission."
The clip quotes three sister missionaries who are leaving soon or are currently serving a mission because of the missionary age change made last October. It also quotes Cindy Packard, a spokeswoman for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
"There's something about these young, vibrant, loving women that I think can touch hearts in a different way than sometimes the young men can do," Packard said in the segment. "I think that the world will only be so much better because these young women are now able to serve at a younger age."
Last week, LDS missionaries were also highlighted in an article titled "Young Mormons gain much perspective from their missions" by Morgan Watkins for The Gainesville Sun in Florida. The piece explains the missionary lifestyle, as well as some life lessons missionaries learn.
"They've learned not to judge people by their appearance," Watkins wrote in the article. "(Elder) Goodrich remembers approaching a man with a teardrop tattoo leaning against a Crown Vic who got emotional during their conversation, even though he looked like a tough guy."
The Gainesville Sun piece also talks about the surge in sister missionaries in the Florida-Jackson Mission, which increased from comprising 10 percent of the mission earlier this year, and will shortly be up to 45 percent.
Abby Stevens is a writer for the DeseretNews.com Faith and Family sections. She is a graduate of Brigham Young University–Idaho. Contact Abby at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Double post somehow!
Double post somehow!
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"People who say things won't work are a dime a dozen. People who figure out how to make things work are worth a fortune" - Dave Rat.


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Tomatoes Stuffed with Spinach and Ham
A great way to use garden-fresh tomatoes! Large ripe beefsteak tomatoes are filled with a mixture of spinach, ham, and cheese, and then baked until golden. If you like, tomatoes can be prepared through step 2 and refrigerated, covered, up to six hours. Bake as directed. A loaf of crusty bread is all you need to complete the meal.
Total Time:
Level: Moderate
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- 4 large ripe tomatoes
- 2 package frozen chopped spinach
- 4 oz. thickly sliced deli-baked ham
- 1 c. part-skim ricotta cheese
- ½ c. Grated Parmesan cheese
- Preheat oven to 425 degrees F. Cut each tomato horizontally in half. With spoon, scoop out about 2 tablespoons pulp from each half. Coarsely chop tomato pulp and place in bottom of 13-inch by 9-inch ceramic or glass baking dish.
- In medium bowl, mix spinach, ham, ricotta, 1/4 cup Parmesan, 1/4 teaspoon salt, and 1/8 teaspoon coarsely ground black pepper. Mound scant 1/2 cup spinach mixture into each tomato half; sprinkle with remaining 1/4 cup Parmesan.
- 3. Arrange tomatoes on pulp in baking dish. Bake tomatoes 25 minutes or until hot. Serve stuffed tomatoes with chopped tomatoes from baking dish. Garnish with parsley sprigs if you like.
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191 Blue Jay Loop
Commute to Downtown Springfield
Most errands require a car.
Score Details
191 Blue Jay Loop has a Walk Score of 38 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so most errands require a car.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 191 Blue Jay Loop.
Bus lines:
98 Cottage Grove
0.5 mi


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Oh lord...
God I sound horribly congested
Totally not is code for totally yes
Hurrrrrrr what?
Okay I just realized that the video is like 18 minutes short. I accidentally only rendered a loop region. It took almost two hours to render out 11 minutes 16 seconds it seems, so I'll be re-uploading in the morning. I don't feel like dealing with Vegas eating my processing power so I'm just going to set it out to render when I go to bed.
do u expect me to watch all 11 minutes of this
do you, punk
Hey don't look at me.
I listened to the whole thing just to hear how retarded it all was hahaha. You just got completely lost in your own world, Outcast.


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How to Display map in cell Phone using MIDLET/J2ME?
Can any one from Java Community would know or recommend me a book to achieve the following:
to display a map using MIDP/Midlet in J2ME in cell phone or emulator. Further to be able to find the location
I am sure there are books on the market already but one that will cover all of MSA 248 (including location API, etc) will be Jonathan Knudsen's forthcoming book http://kickbutt.jonathanknudsen.com/
-- Terrence
Please take a look at the Sample GPS app for Java ME at https://meapplicationdevelopers.dev.java.net/mobileajax.html - "This project contains a sample midlet that retrieves its GPS coordinates from an external GPS receiver via Bluetooth. The coordinates are then used to retrieve a map image centered at the coordinates from Yahoo's map image API."
Thank you for your quick response. I saw the sample project for GPS and Map display. Would know a book that covers all of that?
Best Regards,


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|By Business Wire
Article Rating:
|January 17, 2013 09:08 AM EST
Havok™ has won the award for Best Middleware from Game Developer Magazine's Front Line Awards, marking the fifth consecutive win for the Havok Physics technology. For the last 15 years, the Front Line Awards have been honoring the videogame industry's best game development tools.
"We are truly honored to receive recognition from our peers in the games industry with our fifth consecutive Front Line Awards win," said David Coghlan, Managing Director at Havok. "We are continually pushing to ensure that Havok tech is at the very forefront of game development across all platforms. This evolution is the result of the enormous talents and hard work of our engineers, and this peer-recognition is a great validation of their achievements. We would like to thank all the great teams we have worked with for their support and their projects that push games technology to the very edge."
Havok was chosen for the Best Middleware award by a panel of game developer professionals from throughout the industry. The nomination process was open to members of the game development community and the Game Developer magazine readership.
Game Developer is a leading publication for the worldwide gaming industry and its esteemed award program is an annual ranking of the best tools enabling game development for professional video game creators. The winners represent the most innovative, user-friendly, and useful products from behind the scenes of the world's best video games.
For more details on the Front Line Awards, please visit http://gdmag.com/frontlineawards/.
For further information, developers can visit www.havok.com.
About Havok
As a leading provider of games development technologies, Havok has over 13 years of experience servicing the most demanding technology requirements for leading customers in the commercial games and entertainment industry. A combination of superior technology and dedication to delivering industry leading support to its customers has led to the company's technologies being used in over 500 of the best known and award-winning titles including Halo 4, Assassin's Creed 3, Guild Wars 2, Orcs Must Die! 2, Darksiders II, and Uncharted 3.
Havok works in partnership with the world's best known publishers, developer studios and developer teams, including Microsoft Games Studios®, Sony Computer Entertainment Inc., Nintendo®, THQ®, Ubisoft®, NC Soft, Rockstar, EA, Bethesda™, Insomniac, Relic, Bungie, Naughty Dog, and Guerrilla Games. Its cross-platform, professionally supported technology is available for the Xbox 360™ video game and entertainment system, PlayStation®3 computer entertainment system, PC Games for Windows, PlayStation Vita®, Wii™, Wii U, Android™, iOS, Windows Phone 8, Apple Mac OS and Linux.
Havok's products have also been used to drive special effects in movies such as Harry Potter, Clash of the Titans, Watchmen, James Bond, and The Matrix. Havok has offices in Dublin (Ireland), San Francisco, Seoul, Tokyo, Beijing, Stuttgart and Munich. Havok is an Intel® owned company.
Through WebRTC, audio and video communications are being embedded more easily than ever into applications, helping carriers, enterprises and independent software vendors deliver greater functionality to their end users. With today's business world increasingly focused on outcomes, users' growing calls for ease of use, and businesses craving smarter, tighter integration, what's the next step in delivering a richer, more immersive experience? That richer, more fully integrated experience comes about through a Communications Platform as a Service which allows for messaging, screen sharing, video...
Oct. 9, 2015 12:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,122
The buzz continues for cloud, data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT) and their collective impact across all industries. But a new conversation is emerging - how do companies use industry disruption and technology enablers to lead in markets undergoing change, uncertainty and ambiguity? Organizations of all sizes need to evolve and transform, often under massive pressure, as industry lines blur and merge and traditional business models are assaulted and turned upside down. In this new data-driven world, marketplaces reign supreme while interoperability, APIs and applications deliver un...
Oct. 8, 2015 11:30 PM EDT Reads: 276
The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing rapidly by extending current technologies, products and networks. By 2020, Cisco estimates there will be 50 billion connected devices. Gartner has forecast revenues of over $300 billion, just to IoT suppliers. Now is the time to figure out how you'll make money – not just create innovative products. With hundreds of new products and companies jumping into the IoT fray every month, there's no shortage of innovation. Despite this, McKinsey/VisionMobile data shows "less than 10 percent of IoT developers are making enough to support a reasonably sized team....
Oct. 8, 2015 11:30 PM EDT Reads: 198
SYS-CON Events announced today that Dyn, the worldwide leader in Internet Performance, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3-5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Dyn is a cloud-based Internet Performance company. Dyn helps companies monitor, control, and optimize online infrastructure for an exceptional end-user experience. Through a world-class network and unrivaled, objective intelligence into Internet conditions, Dyn ensures traffic gets delivered faster, safer, and more reliably than ever.
Oct. 8, 2015 10:00 PM EDT Reads: 588
There are so many tools and techniques for data analytics that even for a data scientist the choices, possible systems, and even the types of data can be daunting. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Chris Harrold, Global CTO for Big Data Solutions for EMC Corporation, will show how to perform a simple, but meaningful analysis of social sentiment data using freely available tools that take only minutes to download and install. Participants will get the download information, scripts, and complete end-to-end walkthrough of the analysis from start to finish. Participants will also be given the pract...
Oct. 8, 2015 09:15 PM EDT Reads: 282
The IoT market is on track to hit $7.1 trillion in 2020. The reality is that only a handful of companies are ready for this massive demand. There are a lot of barriers, paint points, traps, and hidden roadblocks. How can we deal with these issues and challenges? The paradigm has changed. Old-style ad-hoc trial-and-error ways will certainly lead you to the dead end. What is mandatory is an overarching and adaptive approach to effectively handle the rapid changes and exponential growth.
Oct. 8, 2015 09:00 PM EDT Reads: 115
Today's connected world is moving from devices towards things, what this means is that by using increasingly low cost sensors embedded in devices we can create many new use cases. These span across use cases in cities, vehicles, home, offices, factories, retail environments, worksites, health, logistics, and health. These use cases rely on ubiquitous connectivity and generate massive amounts of data at scale. These technologies enable new business opportunities, ways to optimize and automate, along with new ways to engage with users.
Oct. 8, 2015 08:15 PM EDT Reads: 158
Internet of Things (IoT) will be a hybrid ecosystem of diverse devices and sensors collaborating with operational and enterprise systems to create the next big application. In their session at @ThingsExpo, Bramh Gupta, founder and CEO of robomq.io, and Fred Yatzeck, principal architect leading product development at robomq.io, discussed how choosing the right middleware and integration strategy from the get-go will enable IoT solution developers to adapt and grow with the industry, while at the same time reduce Time to Market (TTM) by using plug and play capabilities offered by a robust IoT ...
Oct. 8, 2015 06:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,163
Mobile messaging has been a popular communication channel for more than 20 years. Finnish engineer Matti Makkonen invented the idea for SMS (Short Message Service) in 1984, making his vision a reality on December 3, 1992 by sending the first message ("Happy Christmas") from a PC to a cell phone. Since then, the technology has evolved immensely, from both a technology standpoint, and in our everyday uses for it. Originally used for person-to-person (P2P) communication, i.e., Sally sends a text message to Betty – mobile messaging now offers tremendous value to businesses for customer and empl...
Oct. 8, 2015 05:30 PM EDT Reads: 232
Can call centers hang up the phones for good? Intuitive Solutions did. WebRTC enabled this contact center provider to eliminate antiquated telephony and desktop phone infrastructure with a pure web-based solution, allowing them to expand beyond brick-and-mortar confines to a home-based agent model. It also ensured scalability and better service for customers, including MUY! Companies, one of the country's largest franchise restaurant companies with 232 Pizza Hut locations. This is one example of WebRTC adoption today, but the potential is limitless when powered by IoT.
Oct. 8, 2015 04:30 PM EDT Reads: 7,471
You have your devices and your data, but what about the rest of your Internet of Things story? Two popular classes of technologies that nicely handle the Big Data analytics for Internet of Things are Apache Hadoop and NoSQL. Hadoop is designed for parallelizing analytical work across many servers and is ideal for the massive data volumes you create with IoT devices. NoSQL databases such as Apache HBase are ideal for storing and retrieving IoT data as "time series data."
Oct. 8, 2015 02:45 PM EDT Reads: 498
Clearly the way forward is to move to cloud be it bare metal, VMs or containers. One aspect of the current public clouds that is slowing this cloud migration is cloud lock-in. Every cloud vendor is trying to make it very difficult to move out once a customer has chosen their cloud. In his session at 17th Cloud Expo, Naveen Nimmu, CEO of Clouber, Inc., will advocate that making the inter-cloud migration as simple as changing airlines would help the entire industry to quickly adopt the cloud without worrying about any lock-in fears. In fact by having standard APIs for IaaS would help PaaS expl...
Oct. 8, 2015 02:30 PM EDT Reads: 652
NHK, Japan Broadcasting, will feature the upcoming @ThingsExpo Silicon Valley in a special 'Internet of Things' and smart technology documentary that will be filmed on the expo floor between November 3 to 5, 2015, in Santa Clara. NHK is the sole public TV network in Japan equivalent to the BBC in the UK and the largest in Asia with many award-winning science and technology programs. Japanese TV is producing a documentary about IoT and Smart technology and will be covering @ThingsExpo Silicon Valley. The program, to be aired during the peak viewership season of the year, will have a major impac...
Oct. 8, 2015 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 261
SYS-CON Events announced today that ProfitBricks, the provider of painless cloud infrastructure, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. ProfitBricks is the IaaS provider that offers a painless cloud experience for all IT users, with no learning curve. ProfitBricks boasts flexible cloud servers and networking, an integrated Data Center Designer tool for visual control over the cloud and the best price/performance value available. ProfitBricks was named one of the coolest Clo...
Oct. 8, 2015 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 762
Organizations already struggle with the simple collection of data resulting from the proliferation of IoT, lacking the right infrastructure to manage it. They can't only rely on the cloud to collect and utilize this data because many applications still require dedicated infrastructure for security, redundancy, performance, etc. In his session at 17th Cloud Expo, Emil Sayegh, CEO of Codero Hosting, will discuss how in order to resolve the inherent issues, companies need to combine dedicated and cloud solutions through hybrid hosting – a sustainable solution for the data required to manage I...
Oct. 8, 2015 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 476
Apps and devices shouldn't stop working when there's limited or no network connectivity. Learn how to bring data stored in a cloud database to the edge of the network (and back again) whenever an Internet connection is available. In his session at 17th Cloud Expo, Bradley Holt, Developer Advocate at IBM Cloud Data Services, will demonstrate techniques for replicating cloud databases with devices in order to build offline-first mobile or Internet of Things (IoT) apps that can provide a better, faster user experience, both offline and online. The focus of this talk will be on IBM Cloudant, Apa...
Oct. 8, 2015 12:45 PM EDT Reads: 508
WebRTC is about the data channel as much as about video and audio conferencing. However, basically all commercial WebRTC applications have been built with a focus on audio and video. The handling of "data" has been limited to text chat and file download – all other data sharing seems to end with screensharing. What is holding back a more intensive use of peer-to-peer data? In her session at @ThingsExpo, Dr Silvia Pfeiffer, WebRTC Applications Team Lead at National ICT Australia, will look at different existing uses of peer-to-peer data sharing and how it can become useful in a live session to...
Oct. 8, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 606
As a company adopts a DevOps approach to software development, what are key things that both the Dev and Ops side of the business must keep in mind to ensure effective continuous delivery? In his session at DevOps Summit, Mark Hydar, Head of DevOps, Ericsson TV Platforms, will share best practices and provide helpful tips for Ops teams to adopt an open line of communication with the development side of the house to ensure success between the two sides.
Oct. 8, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 576
SYS-CON Events announced today that IBM Cloud Data Services has been named "Bronze Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 17th Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. IBM Cloud Data Services offers a portfolio of integrated, best-of-breed cloud data services for developers focused on mobile computing and analytics use cases.
Oct. 8, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 728
"Matrix is an ambitious open standard and implementation that's set up to break down the fragmentation problems that exist in IP messaging and VoIP communication," explained John Woolf, Technical Evangelist at Matrix, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at @ThingsExpo, held Nov 4–6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Oct. 8, 2015 07:00 AM EDT Reads: 5,870


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Letters to the editor
111 results total, viewing 61 - 70
To the Editor: I am a resident of the city of Warwick. I was educated in the city of Warwick and I taught in the city for the majority of my teaching career. I love living in the city, but at the … more
7/14/15 | 314 views | 4 comments
(Editor's note: This letter has been updated at the request of the author.) To the Editor: Jimmy Fund Golf presented by DraftKings extends its sincerest thanks to the organizers and sponsors … more
7/14/15 | 37 views
To the Editor: In the June 23, 2015 Providence Journal article, "Toll plan moving too fast for some," DOT Director Peter Alviti points out that only "20 bridge … more
7/9/15 | 69 views | 2 comments
To the Editor: Jimmy Fund Golf presented by DraftKings extends its sincerest thanks to the organizers and sponsors of the Nancy Strong Golf Tournament held on June 14 at the Cranston Country Club … more
6/23/15 | 65 views
To the Editor: The headline "Schools may lack superintendent," which appeared in the Beacon on June 30, should not come as a surprise to anyone. Warwick has lacked a superintendent for … more
7/7/15 | 145 views
To the Editor: Congratulations to Colonel McCartney on his induction into the RI Criminal Justice Hall of Fame. The honor is well deserved. Considering the challenges confronting police … more
7/7/15 | 73 views | 1 comment
To the Editor: No one wants to admit it. No one wants to participate in it. No one even wants to talk about it. Case in point: I asked Scott Small, the president of the Municipal Employees Union, … more
7/2/15 | 222 views | 17 comments
To the Editor: One of my most interesting memories of my teenage years in Warwick Downs was the brave acts by Barbara Eden, a tall, well built young lady, who lived on Navashon Ave. across from my … more
7/2/15 | 76 views
To the Editor: "When the government fears the people, there is liberty. When the people fear the government, there is tyranny." – Thomas Jefferson The government does not fear the people. … more
7/2/15 | 85 views
To the Editor: In Jim Collin's classic business book, From Good To Great, he notes that the difference between good and great leaders is when confronted with an important issue or problem they … more
7/2/15 | 56 views | 1 comment
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Pittsburgh bike race aims to be accessible to everyone
TribLIVE Sports Videos
Mike Carroll arrived as a competitive cyclist from a rather unusual place.
He was a unicyclist who eventually opted for two wheels as a way to get around the city and save money on fuel. Eventually, that led him to his first race.
And although people were welcoming, it was still daunting.
"All these guys have matching kits and experience and nice bikes and there's a lot of organization and structure," Carroll said. "As someone who isn't actively involved in racing, it's very intimidating."
The Steel City Showdown, a bike race Sunday across the bridges of downtown Pittsburgh, is meant to be an informal competition. Carroll, one of the race's four organizers, said that while the goal early on was to make this the premier bike race in Western Pennsylvania, their priority also is on making it accessible to everyone.
"We want to make an event that's family friendly and welcome to all bike enthusiasts," Carroll said. "We want to be as inclusive as possible. Cycling is a broad, diverse community. We want to bring them together."
The race is a criterium — a closed-loop circuit — that will take riders across the Sixth Street (Roberto Clemente) and Seventh Street (Andy Warhol) Bridges, East General Robinson Street on the North Shore and Fort Duquesne Boulevard downtown. There are a total of eight different categories for juniors, masters, men and women, broken down into experience, plus a kids' race. Racers will ride for a set length of time, and the pace is generally fast and intense.
A version of the race was competed in 2008 as a collegiate event hosted by Carnegie Mellon with about 150 riders, Carroll said. But participants eventually graduated and the race was forgotten until last fall, when Carroll and three others decided to see if they could revive it.
They also have teamed with the Appalachian Bicycle Racing Association, and racers can earn points toward the ABRA criterium series overall championship at the Steel City Showdown and today's South Connellsville Criterium.
Closed-loop racing with the Allegheny Cycling Association at the Bud Harris Cycling Park in Highland Park has been thriving for years, and ACA president Chris Popovec expects a big turnout Sunday.
"It's great to have more races in our backyards," Popovec said.
There are already 200 cyclists pre-registered, and Carroll said they hope to make this an annual event.
"We're already thinking about next year," Carroll said. "We're looking five to 10 years down the road."Additional Information:
Steel City Showdown
Organizers hope Sunday's cycling race will become an annual event. Day of race registration is available. Prizes or awards will be given in each category. For more information, visit www.steelcityshowdown.com .
Juniors under 19 (30 minutes long): Starts at 8:30 a.m.; $20 entry fee
Men category 5 (30 minutes): 8:30 a.m.; $30
Masters 40+ (45 minutes): 9:15 a.m.; $30
Masters 50+ (45 minutes): 9:15 a.m.; $30
Men category 3⁄4 (45 minutes): 10:15 a.m.; $30
Women category 1⁄2/3 (45 minutes): 11:15 a.m.; $30
Women category 4 (45 minutes): 11:15 a.m.; $30
Men category 1⁄2/3 (60 minutes): 12:20 p.m.; $30
Children (0.25 laps): 1:40 p.m.; $5
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2 Results
What Makes a Leader? (HBR Bestseller)Leadership & Managing People Magazine Article8.95When asked to define the ideal leader, many would emphasize traits such as intelligence, toughness, determination, and vision--the qualities traditionally...
Japan: Beyond the Bubble SupplementGlobal Business Case Study5.00Supplements the case Japan: Beyond the Bubble.
Japan: Beyond the BubbleGlobal Business Case Study8.95By the summer of 2001, Japan's economy had been generally stagnant for nearly 10 years--since the collapse of the bubble economy in 1990-91. The development...


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